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  • Mutation  (11)
  • Computational Biology  (7)
  • Base Sequence  (5)
  • Population Dynamics  (5)
  • Signal Transduction  (5)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (27)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Antibodies play a central role in immunity by forming an interface with the innate immune system and, typically, mediate proinflammatory activity. We describe a novel posttranslational modification that leads to anti-inflammatory activity of antibodies of immunoglobulin G, isotype 4 (IgG4). IgG4 antibodies are dynamic molecules that exchange Fab arms by swapping a heavy chain and attached light chain (half-molecule) with a heavy-light chain pair from another molecule, which results in bispecific antibodies. Mutagenesis studies revealed that the third constant domain is critical for this activity. The impact of IgG4 Fab arm exchange was confirmed in vivo in a rhesus monkey model with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. IgG4 Fab arm exchange is suggested to be an important biological mechanism that provides the basis for the anti-inflammatory activity attributed to IgG4 antibodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Neut Kolfschoten, Marijn -- Schuurman, Janine -- Losen, Mario -- Bleeker, Wim K -- Martinez-Martinez, Pilar -- Vermeulen, Ellen -- den Bleker, Tamara H -- Wiegman, Luus -- Vink, Tom -- Aarden, Lucien A -- De Baets, Marc H -- van de Winkel, Jan G J -- Aalberse, Rob C -- Parren, Paul W H I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sanquin Research-AMC Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allergens/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, CD20/immunology ; Antigens, Plant ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Glycoproteins/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/prevention & control ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/immunology ; Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: The first chordates appear in the fossil record at the time of the Cambrian explosion, nearly 550 million years ago. The modern ascidian tadpole represents a plausible approximation to these ancestral chordates. To illuminate the origins of chordate and vertebrates, we generated a draft of the protein-coding portion of the genome of the most studied ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The Ciona genome contains approximately 16,000 protein-coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates. Vertebrate gene families are typically found in simplified form in Ciona, suggesting that ascidians contain the basic ancestral complement of genes involved in cell signaling and development. The ascidian genome has also acquired a number of lineage-specific innovations, including a group of genes engaged in cellulose metabolism that are related to those in bacteria and fungi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehal, Paramvir -- Satou, Yutaka -- Campbell, Robert K -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Degnan, Bernard -- De Tomaso, Anthony -- Davidson, Brad -- Di Gregorio, Anna -- Gelpke, Maarten -- Goodstein, David M -- Harafuji, Naoe -- Hastings, Kenneth E M -- Ho, Isaac -- Hotta, Kohji -- Huang, Wayne -- Kawashima, Takeshi -- Lemaire, Patrick -- Martinez, Diego -- Meinertzhagen, Ian A -- Necula, Simona -- Nonaka, Masaru -- Putnam, Nik -- Rash, Sam -- Saiga, Hidetoshi -- Satake, Masanobu -- Terry, Astrid -- Yamada, Lixy -- Wang, Hong-Gang -- Awazu, Satoko -- Azumi, Kaoru -- Boore, Jeffrey -- Branno, Margherita -- Chin-Bow, Stephen -- DeSantis, Rosaria -- Doyle, Sharon -- Francino, Pilar -- Keys, David N -- Haga, Shinobu -- Hayashi, Hiroko -- Hino, Kyosuke -- Imai, Kaoru S -- Inaba, Kazuo -- Kano, Shungo -- Kobayashi, Kenji -- Kobayashi, Mari -- Lee, Byung-In -- Makabe, Kazuhiro W -- Manohar, Chitra -- Matassi, Giorgio -- Medina, Monica -- Mochizuki, Yasuaki -- Mount, Steve -- Morishita, Tomomi -- Miura, Sachiko -- Nakayama, Akie -- Nishizaka, Satoko -- Nomoto, Hisayo -- Ohta, Fumiko -- Oishi, Kazuko -- Rigoutsos, Isidore -- Sano, Masako -- Sasaki, Akane -- Sasakura, Yasunori -- Shoguchi, Eiichi -- Shin-i, Tadasu -- Spagnuolo, Antoinetta -- Stainier, Didier -- Suzuki, Miho M -- Tassy, Olivier -- Takatori, Naohito -- Tokuoka, Miki -- Yagi, Kasumi -- Yoshizaki, Fumiko -- Wada, Shuichi -- Zhang, Cindy -- Hyatt, P Douglas -- Larimer, Frank -- Detter, Chris -- Doggett, Norman -- Glavina, Tijana -- Hawkins, Trevor -- Richardson, Paul -- Lucas, Susan -- Kohara, Yuji -- Levine, Michael -- Satoh, Nori -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- HD-37105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2157-67.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Cellulose/metabolism ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Ciona intestinalis/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Computational Biology ; Endocrine System/physiology ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Genes ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genome ; Heart/embryology/physiology ; Immunity/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Muscle Proteins/genetics ; Organizers, Embryonic/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity ; Thyroid Gland/physiology ; Urochordata/genetics ; Vertebrates/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: There is a long-standing controversy regarding the mechanisms that generate the functional subdivisions of the cerebral neocortex. One model proposes that thalamic axonal input specifies these subdivisions; the competing model postulates that patterning mechanisms intrinsic to the dorsal telencephalon generate neocortical regions. Gbx-2 mutant mice, whose thalamic differentiation is disrupted, were investigated. Despite the lack of cortical innervation by thalamic axons, neocortical region-specific gene expression (Cadherin-6, EphA-7, Id-2, and RZR-beta) developed normally. This provides evidence that patterning mechanisms intrinsic to the neocortex specify the basic organization of its functional subdivisions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyashita-Lin, E M -- Hevner, R -- Wassarman, K M -- Martinez, S -- Rubenstein, J L -- NS34661-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH49428-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH51561-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):906-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/chemistry/*physiology ; Cadherins/genetics ; Calbindin 2 ; Carbocyanines ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins ; Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/*embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Nerve Fibers/physiology/ultrastructure ; Proteins/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics ; Receptors, Melatonin ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/analysis ; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/analysis ; Telencephalon/embryology/growth & development/physiology ; Thalamus/anatomy & histology/*embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2000-05-08
    Description: Light signals perceived by the phytochrome family of sensory photoreceptors are transduced to photoresponsive genes by an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor PIF3 binds specifically to a G-box DNA-sequence motif present in various light-regulated gene promoters, and that phytochrome B binds reversibly to G-box-bound PIF3 specifically upon light-triggered conversion of the photoreceptor to its biologically active conformer. We suggest that the phytochromes may function as integral light-switchable components of transcriptional regulator complexes, permitting continuous and immediate sensing of changes in this environmental signal directly at target gene promoters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martinez-Garcia, J F -- Huq, E -- Quail, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):859-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ; DNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; *Light ; Models, Genetic ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/genetics/metabolism ; *Photoreceptor Cells ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/metabolism ; Phytochrome/*metabolism ; Phytochrome B ; *Plant Proteins ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2001-02-22
    Description: We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olivier, M -- Aggarwal, A -- Allen, J -- Almendras, A A -- Bajorek, E S -- Beasley, E M -- Brady, S D -- Bushard, J M -- Bustos, V I -- Chu, A -- Chung, T R -- De Witte, A -- Denys, M E -- Dominguez, R -- Fang, N Y -- Foster, B D -- Freudenberg, R W -- Hadley, D -- Hamilton, L R -- Jeffrey, T J -- Kelly, L -- Lazzeroni, L -- Levy, M R -- Lewis, S C -- Liu, X -- Lopez, F J -- Louie, B -- Marquis, J P -- Martinez, R A -- Matsuura, M K -- Misherghi, N S -- Norton, J A -- Olshen, A -- Perkins, S M -- Perou, A J -- Piercy, C -- Piercy, M -- Qin, F -- Reif, T -- Sheppard, K -- Shokoohi, V -- Smick, G A -- Sun, W L -- Stewart, E A -- Fernando, J -- Tejeda -- Tran, N M -- Trejo, T -- Vo, N T -- Yan, S C -- Zierten, D L -- Zhao, S -- Sachidanandam, R -- Trask, B J -- Myers, R M -- Cox, D R -- R01 GM062628/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 16;291(5507):1298-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Human Genome Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 975 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11181994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Computational Biology ; Contig Mapping ; Databases, Factual ; *Genome, Human ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Radiation Hybrid Mapping ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1992-03-13
    Description: Oncostatin M, a cytokine produced by activated lymphoid cells, regulates the growth and differentiation of a number of tumor and normal cells. In contrast to its effects on normal endothelial and aortic smooth muscle cell cultures, Oncostatin M was a potent mitogen for cells derived from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). After exposure to Oncostatin M, AIDS-KS cells assumed a spindle morphology, had an increased ability to proliferate in soft agar, and secreted increased amounts of interleukin-6. Oncostatin M RNA and immunoreactive Oncostatin M protein were found in AIDS-KS-derived cell isolates. These results suggest that Oncostatin M may play a role in the pathogenesis of AIDS-KS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miles, S A -- Martinez-Maza, O -- Rezai, A -- Magpantay, L -- Kishimoto, T -- Nakamura, S -- Radka, S F -- Linsley, P S -- AI27660/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 01588/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 13;255(5050):1432-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UCLA AIDS Center 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1542793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Growth Substances/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis ; Oncostatin M ; Peptide Biosynthesis ; Peptides/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/metabolism/*pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the approximately 120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875087/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merchant, Sabeeha S -- Prochnik, Simon E -- Vallon, Olivier -- Harris, Elizabeth H -- Karpowicz, Steven J -- Witman, George B -- Terry, Astrid -- Salamov, Asaf -- Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K -- Marechal-Drouard, Laurence -- Marshall, Wallace F -- Qu, Liang-Hu -- Nelson, David R -- Sanderfoot, Anton A -- Spalding, Martin H -- Kapitonov, Vladimir V -- Ren, Qinghu -- Ferris, Patrick -- Lindquist, Erika -- Shapiro, Harris -- Lucas, Susan M -- Grimwood, Jane -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Cardol, Pierre -- Cerutti, Heriberto -- Chanfreau, Guillaume -- Chen, Chun-Long -- Cognat, Valerie -- Croft, Martin T -- Dent, Rachel -- Dutcher, Susan -- Fernandez, Emilio -- Fukuzawa, Hideya -- Gonzalez-Ballester, David -- Gonzalez-Halphen, Diego -- Hallmann, Armin -- Hanikenne, Marc -- Hippler, Michael -- Inwood, William -- Jabbari, Kamel -- Kalanon, Ming -- Kuras, Richard -- Lefebvre, Paul A -- Lemaire, Stephane D -- Lobanov, Alexey V -- Lohr, Martin -- Manuell, Andrea -- Meier, Iris -- Mets, Laurens -- Mittag, Maria -- Mittelmeier, Telsa -- Moroney, James V -- Moseley, Jeffrey -- Napoli, Carolyn -- Nedelcu, Aurora M -- Niyogi, Krishna -- Novoselov, Sergey V -- Paulsen, Ian T -- Pazour, Greg -- Purton, Saul -- Ral, Jean-Philippe -- Riano-Pachon, Diego Mauricio -- Riekhof, Wayne -- Rymarquis, Linda -- Schroda, Michael -- Stern, David -- Umen, James -- Willows, Robert -- Wilson, Nedra -- Zimmer, Sara Lana -- Allmer, Jens -- Balk, Janneke -- Bisova, Katerina -- Chen, Chong-Jian -- Elias, Marek -- Gendler, Karla -- Hauser, Charles -- Lamb, Mary Rose -- Ledford, Heidi -- Long, Joanne C -- Minagawa, Jun -- Page, M Dudley -- Pan, Junmin -- Pootakham, Wirulda -- Roje, Sanja -- Rose, Annkatrin -- Stahlberg, Eric -- Terauchi, Aimee M -- Yang, Pinfen -- Ball, Steven -- Bowler, Chris -- Dieckmann, Carol L -- Gladyshev, Vadim N -- Green, Pamela -- Jorgensen, Richard -- Mayfield, Stephen -- Mueller-Roeber, Bernd -- Rajamani, Sathish -- Sayre, Richard T -- Brokstein, Peter -- Dubchak, Inna -- Goodstein, David -- Hornick, Leila -- Huang, Y Wayne -- Jhaveri, Jinal -- Luo, Yigong -- Martinez, Diego -- Ngau, Wing Chi Abby -- Otillar, Bobby -- Poliakov, Alexander -- Porter, Aaron -- Szajkowski, Lukasz -- Werner, Gregory -- Zhou, Kemin -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Rokhsar, Daniel S -- Grossman, Arthur R -- GM07185/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM42143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM032843/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM042143-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060992/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062915-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM030626/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM042143/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):245-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*genetics/physiology ; Chloroplasts/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Algal/genetics ; Flagella/metabolism ; Genes ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Photosynthesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants/genetics ; Proteome ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: To understand basic principles of bacterial metabolism organization and regulation, but also the impact of genome size, we systematically studied one of the smallest bacteria, Mycoplasma pneumoniae. A manually curated metabolic network of 189 reactions catalyzed by 129 enzymes allowed the design of a defined, minimal medium with 19 essential nutrients. More than 1300 growth curves were recorded in the presence of various nutrient concentrations. Measurements of biomass indicators, metabolites, and 13C-glucose experiments provided information on directionality, fluxes, and energetics; integration with transcription profiling enabled the global analysis of metabolic regulation. Compared with more complex bacteria, the M. pneumoniae metabolic network has a more linear topology and contains a higher fraction of multifunctional enzymes; general features such as metabolite concentrations, cellular energetics, adaptability, and global gene expression responses are similar, however.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yus, Eva -- Maier, Tobias -- Michalodimitrakis, Konstantinos -- van Noort, Vera -- Yamada, Takuji -- Chen, Wei-Hua -- Wodke, Judith A H -- Guell, Marc -- Martinez, Sira -- Bourgeois, Ronan -- Kuhner, Sebastian -- Raineri, Emanuele -- Letunic, Ivica -- Kalinina, Olga V -- Rode, Michaela -- Herrmann, Richard -- Gutierrez-Gallego, Ricardo -- Russell, Robert B -- Gavin, Anne-Claude -- Bork, Peer -- Serrano, Luis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1263-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1177263.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Avenida Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Culture Media ; Energy Metabolism ; Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Glycolysis ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Systems Biology ; Transcription, Genetic ; rRNA Operon
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: The imprints of domestication and breed development on the genomes of livestock likely differ from those of companion animals. A deep draft sequence assembly of shotgun reads from a single Hereford female and comparative sequences sampled from six additional breeds were used to develop probes to interrogate 37,470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 497 cattle from 19 geographically and biologically diverse breeds. These data show that cattle have undergone a rapid recent decrease in effective population size from a very large ancestral population, possibly due to bottlenecks associated with domestication, selection, and breed formation. Domestication and artificial selection appear to have left detectable signatures of selection within the cattle genome, yet the current levels of diversity within breeds are at least as great as exists within humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735092/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735092/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bovine HapMap Consortium -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Taylor, Jeremy F -- Van Tassell, Curtis P -- Barendse, William -- Eversole, Kellye A -- Gill, Clare A -- Green, Ronnie D -- Hamernik, Debora L -- Kappes, Steven M -- Lien, Sigbjorn -- Matukumalli, Lakshmi K -- McEwan, John C -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Schnabel, Robert D -- Weinstock, George M -- Wheeler, David A -- Ajmone-Marsan, Paolo -- Boettcher, Paul J -- Caetano, Alexandre R -- Garcia, Jose Fernando -- Hanotte, Olivier -- Mariani, Paola -- Skow, Loren C -- Sonstegard, Tad S -- Williams, John L -- Diallo, Boubacar -- Hailemariam, Lemecha -- Martinez, Mario L -- Morris, Chris A -- Silva, Luiz O C -- Spelman, Richard J -- Mulatu, Woudyalew -- Zhao, Keyan -- Abbey, Colette A -- Agaba, Morris -- Araujo, Flabio R -- Bunch, Rowan J -- Burton, James -- Gorni, Chiara -- Olivier, Hanotte -- Harrison, Blair E -- Luff, Bill -- Machado, Marco A -- Mwakaya, Joel -- Plastow, Graham -- Sim, Warren -- Smith, Timothy -- Thomas, Merle B -- Valentini, Alessio -- Williams, Paul -- Womack, James -- Woolliams, John A -- Liu, Yue -- Qin, Xiang -- Worley, Kim C -- Gao, Chuan -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Moore, Stephen S -- Ren, Yanru -- Song, Xing-Zhi -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Hernandez, Ryan D -- Muzny, Donna M -- Patil, Shobha -- San Lucas, Anthony -- Fu, Qing -- Kent, Matthew P -- Vega, Richard -- Matukumalli, Aruna -- McWilliam, Sean -- Sclep, Gert -- Bryc, Katarzyna -- Choi, Jungwoo -- Gao, Hong -- Grefenstette, John J -- Murdoch, Brenda -- Stella, Alessandra -- Villa-Angulo, Rafael -- Wright, Mark -- Aerts, Jan -- Jann, Oliver -- Negrini, Riccardo -- Goddard, Mike E -- Hayes, Ben J -- Bradley, Daniel G -- Barbosa da Silva, Marcos -- Lau, Lilian P L -- Liu, George E -- Lynn, David J -- Panzitta, Francesca -- Dodds, Ken G -- R01 GM083606/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083606-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):528-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1167936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breeding ; Cattle/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Density
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Phytoplankton--the microalgae that populate the upper lit layers of the ocean--fuel the oceanic food web and affect oceanic and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels through photosynthetic carbon fixation. Here, we show that multidecadal changes in global phytoplankton abundances are related to basin-scale oscillations of the physical ocean, specifically the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. This relationship is revealed in approximately 20 years of satellite observations of chlorophyll and sea surface temperature. Interaction between the main pycnocline and the upper ocean seasonal mixed layer is one mechanism behind this correlation. Our findings provide a context for the interpretation of contemporary changes in global phytoplankton and should improve predictions of their future evolution with climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martinez, Elodie -- Antoine, David -- D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio -- Gentili, Bernard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1253-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1177012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UPMC University of Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. martinez@obs-vlfr.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/*analysis ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Global Warming ; Indian Ocean ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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