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  • Geophysics  (138)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (29)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (19)
  • Models, Molecular
  • ddc:330
  • 1995-1999  (156)
  • 1985-1989  (32)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow cytometric assays to detect platelet activation and aggregation in device-implanted calves (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 312-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: bovine platelets ; platelet activation ; flow cytometry ; biocompatibility assays ; ventricular-assist devices ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Cardiovascular device development often relies upon large-animal models to assess blood biocompatibility prior to initiating clinical trials. Unfortunately, the amount of information gleaned from such trials is limited by simple assays that do not take full advantage of immuno-technological advances that increasingly are applied in clinical studies. Thus we have developed and tested new flow cytometric techniques for measuring circulating activated bovine platelets and platelet microaggregates. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against both activated and quiescent bovine platelets were incubated with control and PMA- or ADP-stimulated whole blood. Selected MAbs detected activated bovine platelets and platelet microaggregates in vitro with flow cytometry. Five calves implanted with one of two designs of nonpulsatile ventricular-assist devices (VADs) were followed with these assays prior to and during VAD implantation. Circulating activated bovine platelets and microaggregates increased after implantation in all animals and, alternatively, remained elevated or returned toward preimplant levels. Platelet activation percentages as detected temporally by three MAbs were correlated with one another, and platelet activation was correlated with microaggregate formation. In summary, these new methods for the sensitive measurement of circulating activated bovine platelets and microaggregates may provide valuable information for the development and assessment of future cardiovascular device designs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 312-321, 1998.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological, chemical, and crystallographic analysis of four calcium phosphate cements in different rabbit osseous sites (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 43 (1998), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: calcium phosphate(s) ; brushite ; hydroxyapatite ; calcite ; remodeling ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Four calcium phosphate cement formulations were implanted in the rabbit distal femoral metaphysis and middiaphysis. Chemical, crystallographic, and histological analyses were made at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. When implanted into the metaphysis, part of the brushite cement was converted into carbonated apatite by 2 weeks. Some of the brushite cement was removed by mononuclear macrophages prior to its conversion into apatite. Osteoclastlike cell mediated remodeling was predominant at 8 weeks after brushite had converted to apatite. The same histological results were seen for brushite plus calcite aggregate cement, except with calcite aggregates still present at 8 weeks. However, when implanted in the diaphysis, brushite and brushite plus calcite aggregate did not convert to another calcium phosphate phase by 4 weeks. Carbonated apatite cement implanted in the metaphysis did not transform to another calcium phosphate phase. There was no evidence of adverse foreign body reaction. Osteoclastlike cell mediated remodeling was predominant at 8 weeks. The apatite plus calcite aggregate cement implanted in the metaphysis that was not remodeled remained as poorly crystalline apatite. Calcite aggregates were still present at 8 weeks. There was no evidence of foreign body reaction. Osteoclastlike cell remodeling was predominant at 8 weeks. Response to brushite cements prior to conversion to apatite was macrophage dominated, and response to apatite cements was osteoclast dominated. Mineralogy, chemical composition, and osseous implantation site of these calcium phosphates significantly affected their in vivo host response. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 43: 451-461, 1998
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the inflammatory potential of particulates derived from two composite materials (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 34 (1997), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In order to develop total joint prostheses with moduli of elasticity close to bone while retaining excellent strength characteristics, composite materials are being developed. Composites consist of graphite fibers embedded in a polymer matrix. We studied the inflammatory potential of particulates derived from two composites with different matrix components, polysulfone (PFS) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), in the rat subcutaneous air pouch model. Neat components of the composites were studied separately in the air pouch. Particulates also were studied in culture using the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, adherent synovial cells (ASC), and human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Particles derived from the PEKK-containing composite material consistently were less inflammatory than the PFS composite-derived particles, as measured by PMN infiltration, neutral metalloprotease activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) accumulation. Results from the neat materials confirmed the findings in the composite-derived material. PEKK composite-derived material produced less TNF from macrophage cultures, but there were no significant differences noted in PGE2 production from ASC or in superoxide anion generation from PMNs. Particles from both PSF and PEKK produced minimal inflammatory responses in the rat subcutaneous air pouch. PEKK elicited a response virtually the same as the saline control and significantly less than that produced by particles of PSF. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of the Chemical Bonding and Microstructure of Ion Beam-deposited CNx Films Including an XPS C 1s Peak Simulation (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 629-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: XPS ; FTIR ; carbon nitride ; thin film ; simulation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The chemical bonding and microstructure of dual ion beam-deposited CNx films with nitrogen contents in the range 20-33 at.% have been examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FTIR spectra together with other published data have been used to construct a model microstructure of the CNx films. The XPS N 1s peak is composed of two components corresponding to N-sp2 C and N-sp3 C bonds. Using the quantified N 1s data and making certain assumptions, the model microstructure has been used as the basis of a C 1s peak simulation in which nine C components have been combined. At an N content of 20 at.% the simulation agrees well with the experimentally recorded XPS C 1s peak. The FTIR spectra, XPS N 1s peak shape and C 1s peak simulations support a microstructure of N substitution into an amorphous sp2/sp3 hybridized carbon structure. Above an N content of ∽20%, a new (nitrile-like) chemical form also emerges in the material, its abundance increasing with N content. It is proposed that this new structure occurs due to the presence, in the surface region of the condensing film, of C≡N dimers, which are formed when a C atom is surrounded by many N atoms. This molecule becomes trapped in the material and bonds to atoms at neighbouring sites. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Ion Beam-deposited CNx Films Including an XPS C 1s Peak Simulation (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 301-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: XPS ; FTIR ; carbon nitride ; thin film ; simulation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The chemical composition and microstructure of dual ion beam-deposited CNx films with nitrogen contents in the range 20-33 at.% have been examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FTIR spectra together with other published data have been used to construct a model microstructure of the CNx films. The XPS N 1s peak is composed of two components corresponding to N-sp2 C and N-sp3 C bonds. Using the quantified N 1s data and making certain assumptions, the model microstructure has been used as the basis of a C 1s peak simulation in which nine C components have been combined. At an N content of 20 at.% the simulation agrees well with the experimentally recorded XPS C 1s peak. The FTIR spectra, XPS N 1s peak shape and C 1s peak simulations support a chemical structure of N substitution in an amorphous sp2/sp3 hybridized carbon structure. Above an N content of ∽20%, a new (nitrile-like) chemical form also emerges in the material, its abundance increasing with N content. It is proposed that this new structure occurs due to the presence, in the surface region of the condensing film, of C—N dimers, which are formed when a C atom is surrounded by many N atoms. This molecule becomes trapped in the material and bonds to atoms at neighbouring sites. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apple II based datasystem for AES depth profiling on a varian spectrometer (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 7 (1985), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A description is given of an Apple II based Auger spectroscopy datasystem specifically designed for depth profiling applications. Software features which are not available on commercial systems are emphasized. In particular, the utility of peak overlap and noise threshold subtraction routines are demonstrated with reference to two examples of practical profiling.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740070307
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of SIMS with a microfocused ion beam to study thick corrosion scales (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 9 (1986), S. 388-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740090612
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetting properties of polyacetylene films (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23 (1985), S. 1555-1562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The wetting characteristics of free-standing polyacetylene films were determined by using a standard series of wetting liquids. As-prepared films of cis-polyacetylene were found to contain a significant polar contribution to the surface free energy, which became nearly entirely dispersive upon thermal isomerization to the trans form. Both isomeric forms are characterized by a critical surface tension of wetting γc ≈ 51 mN/m, which is considerably higher than that normally obtained from organic polymers. These results have been interpreted with respect to surface oxidation and tested by examining an oxidized film.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.180230808
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rheological Properties of Plasticized Nitrocellulose as a function of nitrocellulose precursor (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 13 (1988), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Propellant cords have been manufactured from nitrocellulose/nitroglycerin (50/50) pastes containing different types of nitrocellulose. The cords were manufactured using a solvent wet process involving incorporation and extrusion in the highly instrumented propellants processing facility at Waltham Abbey. It has been shown that the biological source from which the nitrocellulose is manufactured (wood or cotton) has a significant influence upon the dough rheology, cord diameter, shear heating and ultimate tensile strength of the dried cords. Additionally, the influence of extrusion rate upon the above parameters has been highlighted. This work compliments that previously undertaken upon the influence of nitrocellulose molecular weight on the properties of propellant doughs and dried cords.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19880130402
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  • 20
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    A mechanism of drug action revealed by structural studies of enoyl reductase (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Enoyl reductase (ENR), an enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, is the target for antibacterial diazaborines and the front-line antituberculosis drug isoniazid. Analysis of the structures of complexes of Escherichia coli ENR with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and either thienodiazaborine or benzodiazaborine revealed the formation of a covalent bond between the 2' hydroxyl of the nicotinamide ribose and a boron atom in the drugs to generate a tight, noncovalently bound bisubstrate analog. This analysis has implications for the structure-based design of inhibitors of ENR, and similarities to other oxidoreductases suggest that mimicking this molecular linkage may have generic applications in other areas of medicinal chemistry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldock, C -- Rafferty, J B -- Sedelnikova, S E -- Baker, P J -- Stuitje, A R -- Slabas, A R -- Hawkes, T R -- Rice, D W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2107-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. D.Rice@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Boron Compounds/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Design ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH) ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II ; Fatty Acid Synthases/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; NAD/*metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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