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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain Cooling in Endotherms in Heat and Exercise (1982)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 44 (1982), S. 85-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.44.030182.000505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of season, stock, and laboratory protocols on survival of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in bioassays (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effects of maintenance method (fed or starved), stock location, season, mussel size, and rate of acclimation to temperature on the responses (mortality) of zebra mussels in bioassays. Mussels maintained on a diet of crushed Chlorella are more tolerant to Bayer 73® and more sensitive to sodium hypochlorite than starved mussels. Variability in LC50s of zebra mussels is high during the first ≈60 days in the laboratory, after which the resistance of mussels to both hypochlorite and Bayer 73® declines with reductions in body condition. Zebra mussels collected during the early summer and late fall are more tolerant to both hypochlorite and Bayer 73®. There is significant variation in tolerances to biocides depending on the stock, such that stocks from locations with more degraded water quality have increased tolerances. Acclimating mussels from 4 to 20°C at rates of 2 and 10°C d−1 does not significantly affect tolerance to biocides. In general, LC50s of mussels vary by only 2–3×, suggesting that mussels from any location, any season, and maintained under any maintenance protocol can be used in “range-finding” tests. Comparisons of results among studies requires knowledge of mussel stock, collection season, and laboratory maintenance protocols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203884
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute toxicity tests and pulsed-dose delayed mortality at 12 and 22°C in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 24 (1993), S. 389-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three potential chemical controls (sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and poly[oxyethylene (dimethylimino) ethylene (dimethylimino) ethylene dichloride] (commercial trade name BULAB 6002)) were evaluated for acute toxicity to small adult zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in chronic and pulsed-dose laboratory trials at two temperatures. All three control agents tested effected greater mortality ofD. polymorpha at 22°C than at 12°C. In most cases the mortality level at 12°C was one half or less that incurred at the higher temperature. Analysis of variance showed significant effects of temperature in the case of BULAB 6002 and for hydrogen peroxide; plots of cumulative mortality through time show this trend as well. The relationship between mussel valve length and time-of-death is consistently positive but is significant in few individual treatments, however, when treatments (all concentrations and temperatures) for a single biocide are pooled, the relationship is significant and explains 16–26% of the variance. This suggests that control programs might be more effective if they are initiated whenD. polymorpha are small. Pulsed-dose control programs also are affected by temperature but generally are likely to be more cost-effective than continuous application control programs and would result in lower overall discharge of biocides to surface waters. Hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 12.0, 20.0, or 30.0 mg/L is a quick acting control agent that probably will have fewer long-term consequences for nontarget organisms in discharge areas or for municipal water users than either BULAB 6002 or, especially, sodium hypochlorite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01128739
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of the Biofouling Mollusc,Dreissena polymorpha (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae), with sodium hypochlorite and with polyquaternary ammonia and benzothiazole compounds (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 24 (1993), S. 381-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Small adult zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), 2–8 mm valve length, collected from Lake St. Clair were exposed to a range of concentrations of three biocides in static, acute toxicity tests in the laboratory. Laboratory conditions (22°C; pH 7.8; water hardness ≈ 100 mg/L) were representative of midsummer conditions in the nearshore of Lakes Erie and St. Clair. Mussels actively colonized styrene test substrates which were transferred to three replicate, 1-L test vessels. Sodium hypochlorite was an effective biocide at concentrations exceeding 1.00 mg/L and resulted in complete mortality of mussels by 157 and 264 h at concentrations of 5.00 and 2.50 mg/L, respectively. Poly [oxyethylene (dimethylimino) ethylene (dimethylimino) ethylene dichloride] at 1,2,4 and 8 mg/l and (2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole) at 0.5,1,2 and 4 mg/L resulted in 100% mortality at all concentrations in times ranging from 144 to 250 h and 110 to 192 h, respectively. Biocide concentration significantly affected the mean time of death for all three of the compounds tested. Mussel valve length had a significant positive effect on time of death in (2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole) but only explained a maximum 18% of the variance. Resistance of these actively colonizing mussels to biocides was greater than that found by other laboratory studies, perhaps because of lowered handling stress in our experimental manipulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01128738
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis and redox homostasis: On a possible mechanism of action of Bcl-2 (1998)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 205 (1998), S. 10-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Proto-oncogene product Bcl-2 ; Calcium ; Mitochondria ; Plasma membrane NADH oxidoreductase ; Transcription factor NF-κB
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We discuss the involvement of several mammalian redox systems in the regulation of apoptosis. We focus especially on the role that mitochondria and the still ill-characterized plasma membrane NADH-oxidoreductase system play in apoptosis. The latter system was shown to respond to downregulation of mitochondrial function; inhibition of either system induces apoptosis. Apoptosis induced by inhibitors of the oxidase involves both Bcl-2 and calcineurin, two proteins recently shown to be capable of forming a tight complex. We suggest that Bcl-2 acts as an antioxidant, but in an electron sense rather than in an oxygen sense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279288
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S1.17 Inhibition ofO-glycan core 2 UDP-GlcNAc: Galß1-3GalNAc-ß6-GIcNAc-transferase in acute myeloid leukemia cells (1993)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 10 (1993), S. 225-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209818
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of the Chemical Bonding and Microstructure of Ion Beam-deposited CNx Films Including an XPS C 1s Peak Simulation (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 629-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: XPS ; FTIR ; carbon nitride ; thin film ; simulation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The chemical bonding and microstructure of dual ion beam-deposited CNx films with nitrogen contents in the range 20-33 at.% have been examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The FTIR spectra together with other published data have been used to construct a model microstructure of the CNx films. The XPS N 1s peak is composed of two components corresponding to N-sp2 C and N-sp3 C bonds. Using the quantified N 1s data and making certain assumptions, the model microstructure has been used as the basis of a C 1s peak simulation in which nine C components have been combined. At an N content of 20 at.% the simulation agrees well with the experimentally recorded XPS C 1s peak. The FTIR spectra, XPS N 1s peak shape and C 1s peak simulations support a microstructure of N substitution into an amorphous sp2/sp3 hybridized carbon structure. Above an N content of ∽20%, a new (nitrile-like) chemical form also emerges in the material, its abundance increasing with N content. It is proposed that this new structure occurs due to the presence, in the surface region of the condensing film, of C≡N dimers, which are formed when a C atom is surrounded by many N atoms. This molecule becomes trapped in the material and bonds to atoms at neighbouring sites. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auger electron spectroscopy studies on TiNx (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new method for the determination of N/Ti ratio for TiNx samples has been proposed. High energy resolution Auger spectra recorded of the Ti L3M23M45 peak have shown that on nitridation of Ti to TiNx a second peak, labelled the L3M23Hybrid peak, emerges at 3.9 eV below the L3M23M45 peak in the raw data, which grows with the grade of nitridation. After a simple Shirley background correction a linear dependence between the ratio of the L3M23Hybrid/L3M23M45 peak height of the raw data and the N/Ti ratio was found. This relation can be used directly to evaluate the nitrogen content of an unknown TiNx compound by recording only the Ti L3M23M45 region. The changes of the L3M23M45 peak structure have been interpreted and compared with earlier DOS calculations for Ti and TiN. Good agreement between experiment and theory was found, enabling a discussion of the valence electronic structure changes for Ti on nitridation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220137
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of chemical state AES and SAM to the examination of spray-formed aluminium alloy fracture surfaces (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 589-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fracture surface of a spray-formed Al-5.2Cr-1.4Zr alloy has been examined using AES and scanning Auger microscopy (SAM). Cratered regions of the surface were identified and high-energy resolution AES analysis showed a localized 20 Å thick Al2O3 film to be present in these areas. Chemical-state imaging of the Al fracture surface enabled the local distribution of oxide to be determined. The surface topography was not found to be suppressed using the standard (P—B)/B or (P—B)/(P + B) correction algorithms. This point is discussed with consideration of the electron emission from such highly structured surfaces. The oxide thickness measured from the craters is in good agreement with that previously determined by XPS for powder particles produced in the atomization process. Crater formation is suggested to occur as a result of complete powder particle solidification prior to the particles impacting the substrate/deposit. The localized oxide, revealed by fracture, presents areas of weakness in the unworked material.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200708
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An interfacial study of a sigma fibre/Ti-6Al-4V composite using scanning Auger/EDX microscopy (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 308-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interfacial region of a Sigma fibre/Ti-6Al-4V composite has been studied by Auger/EDX microscopy. The SiC fibre has a duplex coating consisting of an inner layer of C and outer TiBx layer. Point analyses, line scans and images were acquired from the fibre/matrix interface region for a specimen taper sectioned at 10° to the fibre axis and a sample fractured in situ along the fibre length. Fracture of the composite reveals the presence of a brittle B rich oxide layer probably of the form TixByO at the boride coating/matrix interface. The fracture path occurs either through this oxide or the graphitic carbon layer. C is shown to have diffused through the entire boride coating. B diffuses from the TiBx layer into the matrix, forming TiB at the interface. The presence of excess boron in the coating and the strong affinity of B for O are proposed as the main driving forces for oxide formation at the TiBx/matrix interface.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220167
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