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  • Animals  (8)
  • 2010-2014  (8)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the world, yet the timing of the origin and evolutionary causes of this diversity are a matter of debate. We review the geologic and phylogenetic evidence from Amazonia and compare it with uplift records from the Andes. This uplift and its effect on regional climate fundamentally changed the Amazonian landscape by reconfiguring drainage patterns and creating a vast influx of sediments into the basin. On this "Andean" substrate, a region-wide edaphic mosaic developed that became extremely rich in species, particularly in Western Amazonia. We show that Andean uplift was crucial for the evolution of Amazonian landscapes and ecosystems, and that current biodiversity patterns are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoorn, C -- Wesselingh, F P -- ter Steege, H -- Bermudez, M A -- Mora, A -- Sevink, J -- Sanmartin, I -- Sanchez-Meseguer, A -- Anderson, C L -- Figueiredo, J P -- Jaramillo, C -- Riff, D -- Negri, F R -- Hooghiemstra, H -- Lundberg, J -- Stadler, T -- Sarkinen, T -- Antonelli, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):927-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1194585.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. carina.hoorn@milne.cc〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Geography ; *Geological Phenomena ; Phylogeny ; Rivers ; South America ; Time ; Trees ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-01-10
    Description: The centrosome, a cytoplasmic organelle formed by cylinder-shaped centrioles surrounded by a microtubule-organizing matrix, is a hallmark of animal cells. The centrosome is conserved and essential for the development of all animal species described so far. Here, we show that planarians, and possibly other flatworms, lack centrosomes. In planarians, centrioles are only assembled in terminally differentiating ciliated cells through the acentriolar pathway to trigger the assembly of cilia. We identified a large set of conserved proteins required for centriole assembly in animals and note centrosome protein families that are missing from the planarian genome. Our study uncovers the molecular architecture and evolution of the animal centrosome and emphasizes the plasticity of animal cell biology and development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3347778/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3347778/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Azimzadeh, Juliette -- Wong, Mei Lie -- Downhour, Diane Miller -- Sanchez Alvarado, Alejandro -- Marshall, Wallace F -- GM077004/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM57260/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057260/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077004/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM057260/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):461-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1214457. Epub 2012 Jan 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. juliette.azimzadeh@ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Centrioles/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Centrosome/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cilia/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Genome, Helminth ; Helminth Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Movement ; Phenotype ; Planarians/*genetics/physiology/*ultrastructure ; RNA Interference ; Regeneration ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margalida, Antoni -- Carrete, Martina -- Sanchez-Zapata, Jose A -- Donazar, Jose A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):284. doi: 10.1126/science.335.6066.284-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; *Falconiformes ; Spain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-12-07
    Description: In individual cells, transcription is a random process obeying single-molecule kinetics. Often, it occurs in a bursty, intermittent manner. The frequency and size of these bursts affect the magnitude of temporal fluctuations in messenger RNA and protein content within a cell, creating variation or "noise" in gene expression. It is still unclear to what degree transcriptional kinetics are specific to each gene and determined by its promoter sequence. Alternative scenarios have been proposed, in which the kinetics of transcription are governed by cellular constraints and follow universal rules across the genome. Evidence from genome-wide noise studies and from systematic perturbations of promoter sequences suggest that both scenarios-namely gene-specific versus genome-wide regulation of transcription kinetics-may be present to different degrees in bacteria, yeast, and animal cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4045091/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4045091/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, Alvaro -- Golding, Ido -- R01 GM082837/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Dec 6;342(6163):1188-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1242975.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Eukaryota/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome ; Kinetics ; Models, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Stochastic Processes ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Yeasts/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-03-15
    Description: Tapeworms (Cestoda) cause neglected diseases that can be fatal and are difficult to treat, owing to inefficient drugs. Here we present an analysis of tapeworm genome sequences using the human-infective species Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus, Taenia solium and the laboratory model Hymenolepis microstoma as examples. The 115- to 141-megabase genomes offer insights into the evolution of parasitism. Synteny is maintained with distantly related blood flukes but we find extreme losses of genes and pathways that are ubiquitous in other animals, including 34 homeobox families and several determinants of stem cell fate. Tapeworms have specialized detoxification pathways, metabolism that is finely tuned to rely on nutrients scavenged from their hosts, and species-specific expansions of non-canonical heat shock proteins and families of known antigens. We identify new potential drug targets, including some on which existing pharmaceuticals may act. The genomes provide a rich resource to underpin the development of urgently needed treatments and control.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3964345/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3964345/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsai, Isheng J -- Zarowiecki, Magdalena -- Holroyd, Nancy -- Garciarrubio, Alejandro -- Sanchez-Flores, Alejandro -- Brooks, Karen L -- Tracey, Alan -- Bobes, Raul J -- Fragoso, Gladis -- Sciutto, Edda -- Aslett, Martin -- Beasley, Helen -- Bennett, Hayley M -- Cai, Jianping -- Camicia, Federico -- Clark, Richard -- Cucher, Marcela -- De Silva, Nishadi -- Day, Tim A -- Deplazes, Peter -- Estrada, Karel -- Fernandez, Cecilia -- Holland, Peter W H -- Hou, Junling -- Hu, Songnian -- Huckvale, Thomas -- Hung, Stacy S -- Kamenetzky, Laura -- Keane, Jacqueline A -- Kiss, Ferenc -- Koziol, Uriel -- Lambert, Olivia -- Liu, Kan -- Luo, Xuenong -- Luo, Yingfeng -- Macchiaroli, Natalia -- Nichol, Sarah -- Paps, Jordi -- Parkinson, John -- Pouchkina-Stantcheva, Natasha -- Riddiford, Nick -- Rosenzvit, Mara -- Salinas, Gustavo -- Wasmuth, James D -- Zamanian, Mostafa -- Zheng, Yadong -- Taenia solium Genome Consortium -- Cai, Xuepeng -- Soberon, Xavier -- Olson, Peter D -- Laclette, Juan P -- Brehm, Klaus -- Berriman, Matthew -- 085775/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BBG0038151/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MOP#84556/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- TW008588/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 4;496(7443):57-63. doi: 10.1038/nature12031. Epub 2013 Mar 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23485966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cestoda/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Cestode Infections/drug therapy/metabolism ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Echinococcus granulosus/genetics ; Echinococcus multilocularis/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Helminth/genetics ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Genome, Helminth/*genetics ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Hymenolepis/genetics ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Parasites/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Proteome/genetics ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Taenia solium/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are diseases caused by mutations in the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment. Most MPN patients have a common acquired mutation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene in HSCs that renders this kinase constitutively active, leading to uncontrolled cell expansion. The bone marrow microenvironment might contribute to the clinical outcomes of this common event. We previously showed that bone marrow nestin(+) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) innervated by sympathetic nerve fibres regulate normal HSCs. Here we demonstrate that abrogation of this regulatory circuit is essential for MPN pathogenesis. Sympathetic nerve fibres, supporting Schwann cells and nestin(+) MSCs are consistently reduced in the bone marrow of MPN patients and mice expressing the human JAK2(V617F) mutation in HSCs. Unexpectedly, MSC reduction is not due to differentiation but is caused by bone marrow neural damage and Schwann cell death triggered by interleukin-1beta produced by mutant HSCs. In turn, in vivo depletion of nestin(+) cells or their production of CXCL12 expanded mutant HSC number and accelerated MPN progression. In contrast, administration of neuroprotective or sympathomimetic drugs prevented mutant HSC expansion. Treatment with beta3-adrenergic agonists that restored the sympathetic regulation of nestin(+) MSCs prevented the loss of these cells and blocked MPN progression by indirectly reducing the number of leukaemic stem cells. Our results demonstrate that mutant-HSC-driven niche damage critically contributes to disease manifestation in MPN and identify niche-forming MSCs and their neural regulation as promising therapeutic targets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arranz, Lorena -- Sanchez-Aguilera, Abel -- Martin-Perez, Daniel -- Isern, Joan -- Langa, Xavier -- Tzankov, Alexandar -- Lundberg, Pontus -- Muntion, Sandra -- Tzeng, Yi-Shiuan -- Lai, Dar-Ming -- Schwaller, Jurg -- Skoda, Radek C -- Mendez-Ferrer, Simon -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Aug 7;512(7512):78-81. doi: 10.1038/nature13383. Epub 2014 Jun 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell Niche Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain. ; University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. ; Department of Haematology, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain. ; National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects/*pathology ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 2/genetics ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/drug effects/pathology ; Mice ; Myeloproliferative Disorders/drug therapy/*pathology ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/*pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects/pathology ; Nerve Fibers/drug effects/*pathology ; Nestin/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism ; Schwann Cells/drug effects/pathology ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects/*pathology/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-11-25
    Description: The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest with an extensive host plant range and an extreme record of pesticide resistance. Here we present the completely sequenced and annotated spider mite genome, representing the first complete chelicerate genome. At 90 megabases T. urticae has the smallest sequenced arthropod genome. Compared with other arthropods, the spider mite genome shows unique changes in the hormonal environment and organization of the Hox complex, and also reveals evolutionary innovation of silk production. We find strong signatures of polyphagy and detoxification in gene families associated with feeding on different hosts and in new gene families acquired by lateral gene transfer. Deep transcriptome analysis of mites feeding on different plants shows how this pest responds to a changing host environment. The T. urticae genome thus offers new insights into arthropod evolution and plant-herbivore interactions, and provides unique opportunities for developing novel plant protection strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grbic, Miodrag -- Van Leeuwen, Thomas -- Clark, Richard M -- Rombauts, Stephane -- Rouze, Pierre -- Grbic, Vojislava -- Osborne, Edward J -- Dermauw, Wannes -- Ngoc, Phuong Cao Thi -- Ortego, Felix -- Hernandez-Crespo, Pedro -- Diaz, Isabel -- Martinez, Manuel -- Navajas, Maria -- Sucena, Elio -- Magalhaes, Sara -- Nagy, Lisa -- Pace, Ryan M -- Djuranovic, Sergej -- Smagghe, Guy -- Iga, Masatoshi -- Christiaens, Olivier -- Veenstra, Jan A -- Ewer, John -- Villalobos, Rodrigo Mancilla -- Hutter, Jeffrey L -- Hudson, Stephen D -- Velez, Marisela -- Yi, Soojin V -- Zeng, Jia -- Pires-daSilva, Andre -- Roch, Fernando -- Cazaux, Marc -- Navarro, Marie -- Zhurov, Vladimir -- Acevedo, Gustavo -- Bjelica, Anica -- Fawcett, Jeffrey A -- Bonnet, Eric -- Martens, Cindy -- Baele, Guy -- Wissler, Lothar -- Sanchez-Rodriguez, Aminael -- Tirry, Luc -- Blais, Catherine -- Demeestere, Kristof -- Henz, Stefan R -- Gregory, T Ryan -- Mathieu, Johannes -- Verdon, Lou -- Farinelli, Laurent -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Lindquist, Erika -- Feyereisen, Rene -- Van de Peer, Yves -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 23;479(7374):487-92. doi: 10.1038/nature10640.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada. mgrbic@uwo.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22113690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Ecdysterone/analogs & derivatives/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fibroins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal/genetics ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomics ; Herbivory/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molting/genetics ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Plants/parasitology ; Silk/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Tetranychidae/*genetics/*physiology ; Transcriptome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margalida, A -- Bogliani, G -- Bowden, C G R -- Donazar, J A -- Genero, F -- Gilbert, M -- Karesh, W B -- Kock, R -- Lubroth, J -- Manteca, X -- Naidoo, V -- Neimanis, A -- Sanchez-Zapata, J A -- Taggart, M A -- Vaarten, J -- Yon, L -- Kuiken, T -- Green, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1296-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1260260. Epub 2014 Dec 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Diclofenac/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Drug Utilization ; Environment ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollution/prevention & control ; European Union ; *Falconiformes ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; *Public Policy ; Risk Assessment ; *Veterinary Drugs/therapeutic use/toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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