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  • Molecular Sequence Data  (13)
  • Mutation/*genetics  (10)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (21)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 2010-2014  (21)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-04-16
    Description: Massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies provide an unprecedented ability to screen entire genomes for genetic changes associated with tumour progression. Here we describe the genomic analyses of four DNA samples from an African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer: peripheral blood, the primary tumour, a brain metastasis and a xenograft derived from the primary tumour. The metastasis contained two de novo mutations and a large deletion not present in the primary tumour, and was significantly enriched for 20 shared mutations. The xenograft retained all primary tumour mutations and displayed a mutation enrichment pattern that resembled the metastasis. Two overlapping large deletions, encompassing CTNNA1, were present in all three tumour samples. The differential mutation frequencies and structural variation patterns in metastasis and xenograft compared with the primary tumour indicate that secondary tumours may arise from a minority of cells within the primary tumour.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872544/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872544/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Li -- Ellis, Matthew J -- Li, Shunqiang -- Larson, David E -- Chen, Ken -- Wallis, John W -- Harris, Christopher C -- McLellan, Michael D -- Fulton, Robert S -- Fulton, Lucinda L -- Abbott, Rachel M -- Hoog, Jeremy -- Dooling, David J -- Koboldt, Daniel C -- Schmidt, Heather -- Kalicki, Joelle -- Zhang, Qunyuan -- Chen, Lei -- Lin, Ling -- Wendl, Michael C -- McMichael, Joshua F -- Magrini, Vincent J -- Cook, Lisa -- McGrath, Sean D -- Vickery, Tammi L -- Appelbaum, Elizabeth -- Deschryver, Katherine -- Davies, Sherri -- Guintoli, Therese -- Lin, Li -- Crowder, Robert -- Tao, Yu -- Snider, Jacqueline E -- Smith, Scott M -- Dukes, Adam F -- Sanderson, Gabriel E -- Pohl, Craig S -- Delehaunty, Kim D -- Fronick, Catrina C -- Pape, Kimberley A -- Reed, Jerry S -- Robinson, Jody S -- Hodges, Jennifer S -- Schierding, William -- Dees, Nathan D -- Shen, Dong -- Locke, Devin P -- Wiechert, Madeline E -- Eldred, James M -- Peck, Josh B -- Oberkfell, Benjamin J -- Lolofie, Justin T -- Du, Feiyu -- Hawkins, Amy E -- O'Laughlin, Michelle D -- Bernard, Kelly E -- Cunningham, Mark -- Elliott, Glendoria -- Mason, Mark D -- Thompson, Dominic M Jr -- Ivanovich, Jennifer L -- Goodfellow, Paul J -- Perou, Charles M -- Weinstock, George M -- Aft, Rebecca -- Watson, Mark -- Ley, Timothy J -- Wilson, Richard K -- Mardis, Elaine R -- 1 U01 CA114722-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 3P50 CA68438/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA114722/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U10 CA076001/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079-07/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024992/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000448/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):999-1005. doi: 10.1038/nature08989.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Genome Center at Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Neoplasms/*genetics/*secondary ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Frequency/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mutation/*genetics ; *Neoplasm Transplantation ; Translocation, Genetic/genetics ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; alpha Catenin/genetics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-03-01
    Description: The human X and Y chromosomes evolved from an ordinary pair of autosomes during the past 200-300 million years. The human MSY (male-specific region of Y chromosome) retains only three percent of the ancestral autosomes' genes owing to genetic decay. This evolutionary decay was driven by a series of five 'stratification' events. Each event suppressed X-Y crossing over within a chromosome segment or 'stratum', incorporated that segment into the MSY and subjected its genes to the erosive forces that attend the absence of crossing over. The last of these events occurred 30 million years ago, 5 million years before the human and Old World monkey lineages diverged. Although speculation abounds regarding ongoing decay and looming extinction of the human Y chromosome, remarkably little is known about how many MSY genes were lost in the human lineage in the 25 million years that have followed its separation from the Old World monkey lineage. To investigate this question, we sequenced the MSY of the rhesus macaque, an Old World monkey, and compared it to the human MSY. We discovered that during the last 25 million years MSY gene loss in the human lineage was limited to the youngest stratum (stratum 5), which comprises three percent of the human MSY. In the older strata, which collectively comprise the bulk of the human MSY, gene loss evidently ceased more than 25 million years ago. Likewise, the rhesus MSY has not lost any older genes (from strata 1-4) during the past 25 million years, despite its major structural differences to the human MSY. The rhesus MSY is simpler, with few amplified gene families or palindromes that might enable intrachromosomal recombination and repair. We present an empirical reconstruction of human MSY evolution in which each stratum transitioned from rapid, exponential loss of ancestral genes to strict conservation through purifying selection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292678/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3292678/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Jennifer F -- Skaletsky, Helen -- Brown, Laura G -- Pyntikova, Tatyana -- Graves, Tina -- Fulton, Robert S -- Dugan, Shannon -- Ding, Yan -- Buhay, Christian J -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Wang, Qiaoyan -- Shen, Hua -- Holder, Michael -- Villasana, Donna -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Cree, Andrew -- Courtney, Laura -- Veizer, Joelle -- Kotkiewicz, Holland -- Cho, Ting-Jan -- Koutseva, Natalia -- Rozen, Steve -- Muzny, Donna M -- Warren, Wesley C -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Wilson, Richard K -- Page, David C -- R01 HG000257/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000257-17/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 22;483(7387):82-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10843.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. jhughes@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22367542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/*genetics ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics ; Crossing Over, Genetic/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Amplification/genetics ; *Gene Deletion ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Radiation Hybrid Mapping ; Selection, Genetic/genetics ; Time Factors ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-06-19
    Description: Major international projects are underway that are aimed at creating a comprehensive catalogue of all the genes responsible for the initiation and progression of cancer. These studies involve the sequencing of matched tumour-normal samples followed by mathematical analysis to identify those genes in which mutations occur more frequently than expected by random chance. Here we describe a fundamental problem with cancer genome studies: as the sample size increases, the list of putatively significant genes produced by current analytical methods burgeons into the hundreds. The list includes many implausible genes (such as those encoding olfactory receptors and the muscle protein titin), suggesting extensive false-positive findings that overshadow true driver events. We show that this problem stems largely from mutational heterogeneity and provide a novel analytical methodology, MutSigCV, for resolving the problem. We apply MutSigCV to exome sequences from 3,083 tumour-normal pairs and discover extraordinary variation in mutation frequency and spectrum within cancer types, which sheds light on mutational processes and disease aetiology, and in mutation frequency across the genome, which is strongly correlated with DNA replication timing and also with transcriptional activity. By incorporating mutational heterogeneity into the analyses, MutSigCV is able to eliminate most of the apparent artefactual findings and enable the identification of genes truly associated with cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919509/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919509/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, Michael S -- Stojanov, Petar -- Polak, Paz -- Kryukov, Gregory V -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sivachenko, Andrey -- Carter, Scott L -- Stewart, Chip -- Mermel, Craig H -- Roberts, Steven A -- Kiezun, Adam -- Hammerman, Peter S -- McKenna, Aaron -- Drier, Yotam -- Zou, Lihua -- Ramos, Alex H -- Pugh, Trevor J -- Stransky, Nicolas -- Helman, Elena -- Kim, Jaegil -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Ambrogio, Lauren -- Nickerson, Elizabeth -- Shefler, Erica -- Cortes, Maria L -- Auclair, Daniel -- Saksena, Gordon -- Voet, Douglas -- Noble, Michael -- DiCara, Daniel -- Lin, Pei -- Lichtenstein, Lee -- Heiman, David I -- Fennell, Timothy -- Imielinski, Marcin -- Hernandez, Bryan -- Hodis, Eran -- Baca, Sylvan -- Dulak, Austin M -- Lohr, Jens -- Landau, Dan-Avi -- Wu, Catherine J -- Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge -- Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo -- Koren, Amnon -- McCarroll, Steven A -- Mora, Jaume -- Lee, Ryan S -- Crompton, Brian -- Onofrio, Robert -- Parkin, Melissa -- Winckler, Wendy -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Roberts, Charles W M -- Biegel, Jaclyn A -- Stegmaier, Kimberly -- Bass, Adam J -- Garraway, Levi A -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Golub, Todd R -- Gordenin, Dmitry A -- Sunyaev, Shamil -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- ES065073/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA143845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 11;499(7457):214-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12213. Epub 2013 Jun 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23770567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artifacts ; DNA Replication Timing ; Exome/genetics ; False Positive Reactions ; Gene Expression ; *Genetic Heterogeneity ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Mutation Rate ; Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics ; Oncogenes/*genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sample Size
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here we report the massively parallel sequencing of 38 tumour genomes and their comparison to matched normal DNAs. Several new and unexpected oncogenic mechanisms were suggested by the pattern of somatic mutation across the data set. These include the mutation of genes involved in protein translation (seen in nearly half of the patients), genes involved in histone methylation, and genes involved in blood coagulation. In addition, a broader than anticipated role of NF-kappaB signalling was indicated by mutations in 11 members of the NF-kappaB pathway. Of potential immediate clinical relevance, activating mutations of the kinase BRAF were observed in 4% of patients, suggesting the evaluation of BRAF inhibitors in multiple myeloma clinical trials. These results indicate that cancer genome sequencing of large collections of samples will yield new insights into cancer not anticipated by existing knowledge.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3560292/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3560292/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Michael A -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Keats, Jonathan J -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Schinzel, Anna C -- Harview, Christina L -- Brunet, Jean-Philippe -- Ahmann, Gregory J -- Adli, Mazhar -- Anderson, Kenneth C -- Ardlie, Kristin G -- Auclair, Daniel -- Baker, Angela -- Bergsagel, P Leif -- Bernstein, Bradley E -- Drier, Yotam -- Fonseca, Rafael -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Hofmeister, Craig C -- Jagannath, Sundar -- Jakubowiak, Andrzej J -- Krishnan, Amrita -- Levy, Joan -- Liefeld, Ted -- Lonial, Sagar -- Mahan, Scott -- Mfuko, Bunmi -- Monti, Stefano -- Perkins, Louise M -- Onofrio, Robb -- Pugh, Trevor J -- Rajkumar, S Vincent -- Ramos, Alex H -- Siegel, David S -- Sivachenko, Andrey -- Stewart, A Keith -- Trudel, Suzanne -- Vij, Ravi -- Voet, Douglas -- Winckler, Wendy -- Zimmerman, Todd -- Carpten, John -- Trent, Jeff -- Hahn, William C -- Garraway, Levi A -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- Golub, Todd R -- K12 CA133250/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020686/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG020686-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133115/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133115-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133966/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA133966-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):467-72. doi: 10.1038/nature09837.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02412, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Blood Coagulation/genetics ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Exons/genetics ; Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Histones/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Methylation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy/enzymology/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation/*genetics ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Oncogenes/genetics ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics ; Ribonucleases/chemistry/genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-12-14
    Description: Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop that provides a sustainable source of protein and oil worldwide. Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a microscopic roundworm that feeds on the roots of soybean and is a major constraint to soybean production. This nematode causes more than US$1 billion in yield losses annually in the United States alone, making it the most economically important pathogen on soybean. Although planting of resistant cultivars forms the core management strategy for this pathogen, nothing is known about the nature of resistance. Moreover, the increase in virulent populations of this parasite on most known resistance sources necessitates the development of novel approaches for control. Here we report the map-based cloning of a gene at the Rhg4 (for resistance to Heterodera glycines 4) locus, a major quantitative trait locus contributing to resistance to this pathogen. Mutation analysis, gene silencing and transgenic complementation confirm that the gene confers resistance. The gene encodes a serine hydroxymethyltransferase, an enzyme that is ubiquitous in nature and structurally conserved across kingdoms. The enzyme is responsible for interconversion of serine and glycine and is essential for cellular one-carbon metabolism. Alleles of Rhg4 conferring resistance or susceptibility differ by two genetic polymorphisms that alter a key regulatory property of the enzyme. Our discovery reveals an unprecedented plant resistance mechanism against a pathogen. The mechanistic knowledge of the resistance gene can be readily exploited to improve nematode resistance of soybean, an increasingly important global crop.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Shiming -- Kandoth, Pramod K -- Warren, Samantha D -- Yeckel, Greg -- Heinz, Robert -- Alden, John -- Yang, Chunling -- Jamai, Aziz -- El-Mellouki, Tarik -- Juvale, Parijat S -- Hill, John -- Baum, Thomas J -- Cianzio, Silvia -- Whitham, Steven A -- Korkin, Dmitry -- Mitchum, Melissa G -- Meksem, Khalid -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 13;492(7428):256-60. doi: 10.1038/nature11651. Epub 2012 Oct 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Gene Order ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Haplotypes ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nematoda/*physiology ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; Soybeans/enzymology/*genetics/*parasitology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-01-13
    Description: Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ETP ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of unknown genetic basis. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 12 ETP ALL cases and assessed the frequency of the identified somatic mutations in 94 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cases. ETP ALL was characterized by activating mutations in genes regulating cytokine receptor and RAS signalling (67% of cases; NRAS, KRAS, FLT3, IL7R, JAK3, JAK1, SH2B3 and BRAF), inactivating lesions disrupting haematopoietic development (58%; GATA3, ETV6, RUNX1, IKZF1 and EP300) and histone-modifying genes (48%; EZH2, EED, SUZ12, SETD2 and EP300). We also identified new targets of recurrent mutation including DNM2, ECT2L and RELN. The mutational spectrum is similar to myeloid tumours, and moreover, the global transcriptional profile of ETP ALL was similar to that of normal and myeloid leukaemia haematopoietic stem cells. These findings suggest that addition of myeloid-directed therapies might improve the poor outcome of ETP ALL.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3267575/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3267575/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jinghui -- Ding, Li -- Holmfeldt, Linda -- Wu, Gang -- Heatley, Sue L -- Payne-Turner, Debbie -- Easton, John -- Chen, Xiang -- Wang, Jianmin -- Rusch, Michael -- Lu, Charles -- Chen, Shann-Ching -- Wei, Lei -- Collins-Underwood, J Racquel -- Ma, Jing -- Roberts, Kathryn G -- Pounds, Stanley B -- Ulyanov, Anatoly -- Becksfort, Jared -- Gupta, Pankaj -- Huether, Robert -- Kriwacki, Richard W -- Parker, Matthew -- McGoldrick, Daniel J -- Zhao, David -- Alford, Daniel -- Espy, Stephen -- Bobba, Kiran Chand -- Song, Guangchun -- Pei, Deqing -- Cheng, Cheng -- Roberts, Stefan -- Barbato, Michael I -- Campana, Dario -- Coustan-Smith, Elaine -- Shurtleff, Sheila A -- Raimondi, Susana C -- Kleppe, Maria -- Cools, Jan -- Shimano, Kristin A -- Hermiston, Michelle L -- Doulatov, Sergei -- Eppert, Kolja -- Laurenti, Elisa -- Notta, Faiyaz -- Dick, John E -- Basso, Giuseppe -- Hunger, Stephen P -- Loh, Mignon L -- Devidas, Meenakshi -- Wood, Brent -- Winter, Stuart -- Dunsmore, Kimberley P -- Fulton, Robert S -- Fulton, Lucinda L -- Hong, Xin -- Harris, Christopher C -- Dooling, David J -- Ochoa, Kerri -- Johnson, Kimberly J -- Obenauer, John C -- Evans, William E -- Pui, Ching-Hon -- Naeve, Clayton W -- Ley, Timothy J -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- Downing, James R -- Mullighan, Charles G -- CA114766/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA98413/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA98543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765-33/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01GM92666/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 11;481(7380):157-63. doi: 10.1038/nature10725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22237106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age of Onset ; Child ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; Genes, ras/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Hematopoiesis/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Janus Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/*genetics/pathology ; Receptors, Interleukin-7/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Stem Cells/metabolism/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Translocation, Genetic/genetics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumours in children. Identifying and understanding the genetic events that drive these tumours is critical for the development of more effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. Recently, our group and others described distinct molecular subtypes of medulloblastoma on the basis of transcriptional and copy number profiles. Here we use whole-exome hybrid capture and deep sequencing to identify somatic mutations across the coding regions of 92 primary medulloblastoma/normal pairs. Overall, medulloblastomas have low mutation rates consistent with other paediatric tumours, with a median of 0.35 non-silent mutations per megabase. We identified twelve genes mutated at statistically significant frequencies, including previously known mutated genes in medulloblastoma such as CTNNB1, PTCH1, MLL2, SMARCA4 and TP53. Recurrent somatic mutations were newly identified in an RNA helicase gene, DDX3X, often concurrent with CTNNB1 mutations, and in the nuclear co-repressor (N-CoR) complex genes GPS2, BCOR and LDB1. We show that mutant DDX3X potentiates transactivation of a TCF promoter and enhances cell viability in combination with mutant, but not wild-type, beta-catenin. Together, our study reveals the alteration of WNT, hedgehog, histone methyltransferase and now N-CoR pathways across medulloblastomas and within specific subtypes of this disease, and nominates the RNA helicase DDX3X as a component of pathogenic beta-catenin signalling in medulloblastoma.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3413789/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3413789/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pugh, Trevor J -- Weeraratne, Shyamal Dilhan -- Archer, Tenley C -- Pomeranz Krummel, Daniel A -- Auclair, Daniel -- Bochicchio, James -- Carneiro, Mauricio O -- Carter, Scott L -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Erlich, Rachel L -- Greulich, Heidi -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Lennon, Niall J -- McKenna, Aaron -- Meldrim, James -- Ramos, Alex H -- Ross, Michael G -- Russ, Carsten -- Shefler, Erica -- Sivachenko, Andrey -- Sogoloff, Brian -- Stojanov, Petar -- Tamayo, Pablo -- Mesirov, Jill P -- Amani, Vladimir -- Teider, Natalia -- Sengupta, Soma -- Francois, Jessica Pierre -- Northcott, Paul A -- Taylor, Michael D -- Yu, Furong -- Crabtree, Gerald R -- Kautzman, Amanda G -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Getz, Gad -- Jager, Natalie -- Jones, David T W -- Lichter, Peter -- Pfister, Stefan M -- Roberts, Thomas M -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Pomeroy, Scott L -- Cho, Yoon-Jae -- CA050661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- L40 NS063706/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA030002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105607/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA148699/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA154480/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA105607/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA148699/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R25 NS070682/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R25NS070682/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 2;488(7409):106-10. doi: 10.1038/nature11329.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22820256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cerebellar Neoplasms/classification/*genetics ; Child ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Helicases/chemistry/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Exome/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; LIM Domain Proteins/genetics ; Medulloblastoma/classification/*genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; TCF Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-08-13
    Description: Epileptic encephalopathies are a devastating group of severe childhood epilepsy disorders for which the cause is often unknown. Here we report a screen for de novo mutations in patients with two classical epileptic encephalopathies: infantile spasms (n = 149) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (n = 115). We sequenced the exomes of 264 probands, and their parents, and confirmed 329 de novo mutations. A likelihood analysis showed a significant excess of de novo mutations in the approximately 4,000 genes that are the most intolerant to functional genetic variation in the human population (P = 2.9 x 10(-3)). Among these are GABRB3, with de novo mutations in four patients, and ALG13, with the same de novo mutation in two patients; both genes show clear statistical evidence of association with epileptic encephalopathy. Given the relevant site-specific mutation rates, the probabilities of these outcomes occurring by chance are P = 4.1 x 10(-10) and P = 7.8 x 10(-12), respectively. Other genes with de novo mutations in this cohort include CACNA1A, CHD2, FLNA, GABRA1, GRIN1, GRIN2B, HNRNPU, IQSEC2, MTOR and NEDD4L. Finally, we show that the de novo mutations observed are enriched in specific gene sets including genes regulated by the fragile X protein (P 〈 10(-8)), as has been reported previously for autism spectrum disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773011/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773011/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Epi4K Consortium -- Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project -- Allen, Andrew S -- Berkovic, Samuel F -- Cossette, Patrick -- Delanty, Norman -- Dlugos, Dennis -- Eichler, Evan E -- Epstein, Michael P -- Glauser, Tracy -- Goldstein, David B -- Han, Yujun -- Heinzen, Erin L -- Hitomi, Yuki -- Howell, Katherine B -- Johnson, Michael R -- Kuzniecky, Ruben -- Lowenstein, Daniel H -- Lu, Yi-Fan -- Madou, Maura R Z -- Marson, Anthony G -- Mefford, Heather C -- Esmaeeli Nieh, Sahar -- O'Brien, Terence J -- Ottman, Ruth -- Petrovski, Slave -- Poduri, Annapurna -- Ruzzo, Elizabeth K -- Scheffer, Ingrid E -- Sherr, Elliott H -- Yuskaitis, Christopher J -- Abou-Khalil, Bassel -- Alldredge, Brian K -- Bautista, Jocelyn F -- Boro, Alex -- Cascino, Gregory D -- Consalvo, Damian -- Crumrine, Patricia -- Devinsky, Orrin -- Fiol, Miguel -- Fountain, Nathan B -- French, Jacqueline -- Friedman, Daniel -- Geller, Eric B -- Glynn, Simon -- Haut, Sheryl R -- Hayward, Jean -- Helmers, Sandra L -- Joshi, Sucheta -- Kanner, Andres -- Kirsch, Heidi E -- Knowlton, Robert C -- Kossoff, Eric H -- Kuperman, Rachel -- McGuire, Shannon M -- Motika, Paul V -- Novotny, Edward J -- Paolicchi, Juliann M -- Parent, Jack M -- Park, Kristen -- Shellhaas, Renee A -- Shih, Jerry J -- Singh, Rani -- Sirven, Joseph -- Smith, Michael C -- Sullivan, Joseph -- Lin Thio, Liu -- Venkat, Anu -- Vining, Eileen P G -- Von Allmen, Gretchen K -- Weisenberg, Judith L -- Widdess-Walsh, Peter -- Winawer, Melodie R -- 1RC2NS070342/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS053998/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS077274/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS077276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS077303/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS077364/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R56AI098588/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS053998/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS077274/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS077276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS077303/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS077364/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01AI067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000005/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Sep 12;501(7466):217-21. doi: 10.1038/nature12439. Epub 2013 Aug 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23934111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; Cohort Studies ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability/*genetics/physiopathology ; Lennox Gastaut Syndrome ; Male ; Mutation/*genetics ; Mutation Rate ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics ; Probability ; Receptors, GABA-A/genetics ; Spasms, Infantile/*genetics/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ashworth, Alan -- Hudson, Thomas J -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 17;502(7471):306-7. doi: 10.1038/502306a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carcinogenesis/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
    Description: The human X and Y chromosomes evolved from an ordinary pair of autosomes, but millions of years ago genetic decay ravaged the Y chromosome, and only three per cent of its ancestral genes survived. We reconstructed the evolution of the Y chromosome across eight mammals to identify biases in gene content and the selective pressures that preserved the surviving ancestral genes. Our findings indicate that survival was nonrandom, and in two cases, convergent across placental and marsupial mammals. We conclude that the gene content of the Y chromosome became specialized through selection to maintain the ancestral dosage of homologous X-Y gene pairs that function as broadly expressed regulators of transcription, translation and protein stability. We propose that beyond its roles in testis determination and spermatogenesis, the Y chromosome is essential for male viability, and has unappreciated roles in Turner's syndrome and in phenotypic differences between the sexes in health and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139287/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139287/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bellott, Daniel W -- Hughes, Jennifer F -- Skaletsky, Helen -- Brown, Laura G -- Pyntikova, Tatyana -- Cho, Ting-Jan -- Koutseva, Natalia -- Zaghlul, Sara -- Graves, Tina -- Rock, Susie -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Fulton, Robert S -- Dugan, Shannon -- Ding, Yan -- Morton, Donna -- Khan, Ziad -- Lewis, Lora -- Buhay, Christian -- Wang, Qiaoyan -- Watt, Jennifer -- Holder, Michael -- Lee, Sandy -- Nazareth, Lynne -- Alfoldi, Jessica -- Rozen, Steve -- Muzny, Donna M -- Warren, Wesley C -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Wilson, Richard K -- Page, David C -- P51 RR013986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 24;508(7497):494-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, & Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. ; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24759411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics ; Disease ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Marsupialia/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; Protein Stability ; Selection, Genetic/genetics ; Sequence Homology ; Sex Characteristics ; Spermatogenesis/genetics ; Testis/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Turner Syndrome/genetics ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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