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  • Articles  (7)
  • Maturity  (6)
  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Male
  • Nuclear Reactions
  • Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute  (7)
  • 2015-2019  (7)
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  • Articles  (7)
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  • 1
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    Biological studies of fishes (Clupeidae, Rutilus frisi kutum, Liza auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Chalchalburnus chalcoides, Vimba vimba, Abramis brama, Sander lucioperca & Liza saliens) of Southern Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: During the past decades the environmental status of the Caspian Sea has changed. Therefore, study on the biological structure such as: age, growth, Lm50%, feeding of fishes is necessary. In the present study the biological characteristics of some commercial important species including kilka, kutum, golden grey mullet and carp were studied during 2006-2010. Kutum, golden grey mullet and carp predominated in the catch composition of bonyfishes, representing 61.3, 29.6 and 7.6% of the total catch. The average fork lengths of kutum, golden grey mullet and carp were 38.4, 32.7 and 36.7 cm, and weights were 784.5, 411.0 and 977.0 g, respectively. The values of b in length-weight relationships were 3.02 and 2.97 for kutum and golden grey mullet indicating an isometric growth. The value b for carp was 2.89, indicating an allomertic growth. The maximum age of three species was 12 years. Von Bertalanffy growth equations were estimated as: for kutum: for golden grey mullet: and for carp: The sex ratio of three species showed that females were dominant. Spawning migratory of kutum was started in March. The gonadosomatic index value of kutum peaked in March and April. The spawning season of carp expended from March to August. The gonadosomatic index value of golden grey mullet peaked in September and then declined in November and December. Absolute fecundity of kutum, golden grey mullet and carp were 64400, 700800 and 131000 eggs, respectively. Length maturity (Lm50%) of three species were 39.07, 28.4 and 31.6 cm, respectively. The highest feeding intensity (Gastrosomatic index=GSI) for females and males were 313.9 ± 65.9 and 350.7±103.7 in October; and the lowest value of GSI were 19.4 ±59.2 and 144.1±85.04 in March, respectively. There are significant different between GSI with male and female in difference months (P〈0.05). Main prey mature of Kutum was Cerastoderma lamarki; Gastropoda and Balanus were subordinate, and Crab, Hypanis, Fish (Neogobous sp.) Algae, egg, and scale were random preys. Planktone groups comprise to Exuviaella, Nitzchia, Osillatoria, Synedra, Nematoda, Navicolla, Diatoma, Rholcosphenia were preys juvenile of Kutum. Based on ISI (Important species index), Cerastoderma lamarki and Balanus were dominant species in feeding of Kutum. The percent of empty stomach and prey dominant evaluated during different seasons by specific formula result showed that in Cyprinus carpio prey Molluscs was dominated and specific food items. Empty stomachs in winter and spring were higher and lower, respectively. The results showed that catch of kilka decreased from 22300 mt in 2006 to 16700 mt in 2008, but the CPUE increased from 1.7 mt (Vessel×Night) to 2.5 mt, due to decrease of effort, respectively. The length frequency of three species of kilka is close and the juvenile fish did not see in catch. The age frequency had the same situation as fish lower than 2 years was not in the samples of anchovy and bigeye kilka. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve were: For common kilka: L =136.5 cm, K=0.249 yr-1 and t0= -1.89 yr-1 For bigeye kilka: L =148. cm, K=0.346 yr-1 and t0= -1.123 yr-1 And for anchovy kilka: L =131.7 cm, K=0.375 yr-1 and t0= -1.243 yr-1 The exploitation rate of anhovy, bigeye and common kilka were 0.51, 0.58 and 0.6, respectively. The highest of GSI for common and bigeye was recorded in May and March, respectively. For anchovy kilka it was in July and November. Main prey of anchovy and common kilka was Acartia tonsa and for bigeye kilka it was Cypris balanus. We concluded that the ecological problems caused by Mnemiopsis leidyi as well as overfishing have been collapsed kilka stocks, particularly anchovy. Therefore, sustainable fisheries management and conservation biodiversity in the Caspian Sea are real challenges now.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Commercial ; Growth ; Species ; Kilka kutum ; Bonyfish ; Sex ratio ; Spawning ; Gonadosomatic ; Maturity ; GSI ; Hypanis ; Neogobous sp. ; Algae ; Nitzchia ; Cyprinus carpio ; Diatoma ; Clupeidae ; Rutilus frisi kutum ; Liza auratus ; Chalchalburnus chalcoides ; Vimba vimba ; Abramis brama ; Sander lucioperca ; Liza saliens ; Fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 98pp.
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  • 2
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    Monitoring (biology and catch) of kilka in Iranian commercial catch regions (2002-2005) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Through most of the last century, three endemic kilka species supported major commercial species in the Caspian Sea. It is clear that catches and abundance of all species have changed. Recent changes in the Caspian Sea ecosystem have occurred as a consequence of ecological change caused by the invasive ctenophore (Mnemiopsis leidyi). In this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions during 2002-2004, in addition of biological characteristics survey such as species composition, length, weight, age, sex ratios and maturity stages; catch and catch per unit effort also were analyzed. During the years 2002-2004 the annual catches of kilka varied between 15000-25000 mt and CPUE varied between 1.077-1.474 mt (vessel×night). The frequency of anchovy kilka declined from 69.5% in 2002 to 26.9% in 2004. During the years 2002, 2003 and 2004 the frequency of common kilka were 30.4%, 48.9% and 71.9%, respectively. During this period the frequency of bigeye kilka was negligible. The average fork length of anchovy kilka increased from 100.4 mm in 2002 to 105.0 mm in 2004 and the average weight were 6.4 g and 8.4 g, respectively. The average fork length of common kilka increased from 87.0 mm in 2002 to 93.8 mm in 2004 and the average weight were 5.2 g and 7.4 g, respectively. Anchovy kilka spawn in spring and autumn but mass spawning anchovy occurred in autumn. Spawning of common kilka occurred in spring and early summer. In the age compositions of anchovy kilka, age 3 was the largest age group during 2002 and 2003 (55.3% and 52.1%, respectively). In 2004, age 4 predominated (42.5%). For common kilka, ages 3 and 4 predominated (representing 67.2, 62.0 and 69.1% of catches, respectively). According to CPUE and biological characteristics, after the appearance of ctenophore in the Caspian Sea, the abundance and biomass of bigeye and anchovy kilka collapsed.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Commercial ; Ecological ; Biological ; kilka ; Species ; Ecosystem ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Survey ; Length ; Age ; Sex ratios ; Weight ; Maturity ; CPUE ; Anchovy Kilka ; Spawning ; Bigeye kilka
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 49pp.
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  • 3
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    The production of all-female in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using indirect feminization (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The sex reversal technique in fish is widespread in many countries. The development of these techniques is desirable because rainbow trout males reach their gonad maturity earlier compared to the females. Rainbow trout alevins were treated with 17α-methyltestosterone incorporated in the diet (0.5. 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg) for 60 days from the beginning of first feeding. Sex was determined at 180 and 680 dpf by sampling fish (n = 20) from each group and examining gross gonadal morphology under a dissecting microscope. Also sex reversal ratio and growth performance were determined in hormone-treated groups. These sex reversed functional males were reared for brood stock until they attained sexual maturity. At the end of experiment, normal rainbow trout eggs were fertilized with the sperms taken from sex reversed males for producing all-female populations. Examination of the results showed that 17α- methyltestosterone was effective in all treatment. The highest sex reversal ratio with 100% was observed in group treated with 0.5, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg 17α- methyltestosterone. The highest live weight ratios were observed in groups fed with 6, 0.5 17α-methyltestosterone and control group. Female progeny produced from the sex reversed males were 100 % in all males that sired offspring. All female trout stocks produced by this method have advantage in rainbow trout culture since the fish is not meant for direct human consumption and is used to generate brood stock, therefore, difference of growth parameters do not influence the success.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sex differentiation ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Sex reversal ; Hormone treatment ; 17-αmethyltestosterone ; Female ; Population ; Steroids ; Gonad ; Maturity ; Rainbow trout ; Sexual
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 38pp.
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  • 4
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    Biological aspects of Kilka (Age, Growth,Feeding and Reproduction) in Southern of Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In the changing environmental of the Caspian Sea specifically pelagic zone following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi has been continued ,particularly kilka catch ,biological characteristic and feeding . In this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions ( where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar ,Amirabad (in Mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan ), estimated catch and catch per unit effort , the age structure of catch ,length- weight relationship , von Bertalanffy growth parameters , condition factor ,sex ratios ,maturity stags ,age at first capture and spawning and feeding .The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2006 decreased from 22300 ton to 16700 ton in 2008.But CPUE increased from1.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) to 2.5 ton at that time due to dropped effort .The length frequency of kilka is close and the juvenile fish did not see in catch as increased the length mean (P〉0.000).The age frequency had the same situation as fish low than 2 years did not see for anchovy and bigeye ,so collapse juvenile stock cause poor recruitment in the species .The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve were For common kilka L∞= 136.5mm k= 0.249y t0= 1.890y Q= 3.883; For bigeye kilka L∞= 131.7mm k= 0.346 t0= 1.123y Q= 3.688; And for anchovy kilka L∞= 148mm k= 0.375 t0= 1.243y Q= 3.814 The exploitation rate of anchovy, bigeye and common kilka were 0.51, 0.58 and 0.6 respectively. The highest of GSI recorded in May and March for common and bigeye and in Jul, Nov for anchovy kilka .Main prey was Acartia tonsa by anchovy and common kilka and Cypris balanus by bigeye kilka. We concluded that the ecological problem causes by Mnemiopsis leidyi as well as overfishing has been collapsed kilka stocks, particularly anchvy.so sustainable fisheries management and conservation biodiversity in the Caspian Sea are real challenges now.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological ; Environmental ; Commercial ; Ecological ; Kilka fishes ; Age ; Growth ; Feeding ; Overfishing ; Pelagic zone ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Bertalanffy ; Sex ratios ; Maturity ; Spawning ; CPUE ; Acartia tonsa ; Cypris balanus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 98pp.
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  • 5
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    The study of feeding, reproduction and biological parameters of kilka fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The overfishing and changing environmental following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, the population structure has a strong influence on kilka fishes in the Caspian Sea and therefore to in this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar, Amirabad (in mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan), stimated catch and catch per unit effort, the age structur of catch, length- weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stags, spawning and feeding. The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2012 decreased from 24080 ton to 22696 ton in 2013. But CPUE increased was 2.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) and there was no significant changes. Common kilka was the predominant all months of the year, 98.1 and 98.9 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The mean length was 104.4±10.5 and 101.6±11.2 at the same time and range length 92/ 5 – 117/5 mm were the dominant population(about 75%). Relative abundance of fish less than 77.5 mm and more than 127.5 mm is very low. Age abundance during this period have not been substantially changed and always fishes with 3 and 4 year olds had the highest frequency73.6 and 73.5 percent respectively. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were ] exp1[8.141 ) 048.1(297.0  tLt for common kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.506 yr-1. The instantaneous coefficient of fihing mortality and total mortality were 0.694 yr-1 and 1.2 yr-1 , respectively. The exploitation rate of common kilka varied during 2012-2013 between 0.41-0.50. The mean condition factor 1.41±0.14 (n=5801) and 1.38±0.16 (n=6754) at the same time respectively . According to statistical analysis Anova oneway were a significant difference between condition factor at the same time . Main prey common kilka was Acartia tonsa accounting for over 80%. It seems Common kilka due to a decrease in the frequency of other zooplankton species depend more than ever on Acartia tonsa and this species is probably a concentration of prey for Common kilka.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biological ; Environmental ; Kilka fishes ; Age ; Growth parameters ; Condition factor ; Exploitation rate ; Feeding ; Reproduction ; Overfishing ; Comb jelly ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Population ; Sex ratios ; Maturity ; Spawning ; Mortality ; ANOVA ; Acartia tonsa
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 65pp.
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  • 6
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    Artificial Propagation and Culture of Rutilus frisii kutum of Autumn Form for Restocking (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, is one of the most important bony fishes in Iranian coastal of Caspian Sea. Its harvest range is between 9000-10000 tons in a year, nearly 60% of the income of Bony fish fishery produced by kutum fishery. The stock of this species reduced drastically in 1982 and the catch slumped to the less than 250 tons in a year. Kutum spawning grounds deterioration, illegal catch, lack of restocking program were the main cause of the decline. This Spices in nature comprised by two distinct form, autumn and spring form. It is worth to be mentioned, by the effect of Caspian Sea Bony fishes Research Center s experts in 1983, artificial spawning and releasing the fries to the sea were commenced and the catch steadily improved. But all activities concerning restocking of kutum concentrated in spring form, as at present about 260 million its fries are released into sea for restocking by Iranian Fisheries Organization, but for above reasons and lack of restocking program, the populations of autumn form gravely shrinked and neared to be extinct. Therefore, to enhance the biodiversity and boost fishers livelihood of kutum in Caspian Sea this project implemented by cooperation of Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFRO) and Caspian Environment Program (CEP) in Aquaculture Institute (Inland Waters). In this project, brooders caught from Anzali lagoon and maintained in two different condition, include of floating cages in Anzali lagoon and earthen ponds in Sefidrud Fisheries Research Station. The results showed that there weren t significant differences between two maintenance statuses in maturation period and other reproductive characteristics of brooders. The ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4. Minimum and maximum weight measured 1450 to 3100 g (with average of 1850 g) in female and 670 to 1900 g (with average of 1165 g) in male, respectively. The first natural spawning of brooders occurred in the end of January in temperature of 8 till 10 °C in concrete ponds. Also, some of maintained brooders in earthen ponds spawned in February. The average number of absolute, function and relative fecundity determined 88565 16809, 73805 14008 and 48670 12056, respectively. For artificial spawning, male and female brooders injected by pituitary gland with dose of 2-3 and 4-5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Approximately, 10 and 8 present of female were over-ripe and immature in March (artificial spawning time), respectively. More than 59 % of injected female brooders induced to spawning in first stage after 10-12 hours and 13 % of them in twice stage and 7-8 hours after first stage. And also, 27.6% of females didn’t positive response to injection. Dry method used for eggs fecundity and incubation period lasted 7- 10 days in 14-16 °C. In totally, eggs fertilization were more than 95% and the average of eggs fertilization percent in throughout of period measured more than 92.7 6 %. Eyed eggs appearance occurred 3 days after fecundity and its mean was 92.7 15.1%. Larvae after yolk sac absorption feed with dry milk for 4-5 days and then introduced into fertilized earthen ponds (500 m2 and equipped to aerators) in intensive condition and fed with micro pellet food for 3-4 month. In finally, more than 1.8 millions fries of 1-2 g and some more than 5 g produced and released into Anzali lagoon to its restocking for first time. It is expected that continuing of restocking process of autumn form kutum by Iranian Fisheries Organization eventuate to population increasing of this form in Caspian Sea in future.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Artificial propagation ; Culture ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Kutum ; Bony Fish ; Fishery ; Spawning ; Biodiversity ; Aquaculture ; Brooders ; Fecundity ; Male ; Female ; Population
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 79pp.
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  • 7
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    Potential estimation and exploitation of large Pelagics in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In order to come up with the responsible fishing pattern, there was a need to identify some of the biological characteristics and population dynamic parameters of yellowfin tuna, skipjack and longtail tuna in the Persian Gulf and Oman sea. Occurrence of empty stomach was high in all the specimens obtained from the gill net fisheries. Purple back flying squid was the most dominant prey species observed in the yellowfin tuna study (61% in males and 57% in females). The length of maturity (Lm50%) for yellowfin tuna was estimated 76 cm , 62.5 cm skipjack and 62.5 cm longtail tuna. Length range of skipjack was from 31-100 cm and bony fishes were the most dominant prey species observed in the skipjack. The monthly gonad somatic index was driven higher values after June which could be indicated as spawning period. The catch per unit of effort of three purse seiners (Azadegan 1, 2, 3) was compared in 1998- 2000. The species composition was 47% yellowfin tuna, 51% long tail tuna and 2% skipjack.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Exploitation ; Pelagics ; Biological characteristics ; Population ; Yellowfin tuna ; Skipjack ; Longtail tuna ; Specimens ; Gill Net ; Fisheries ; Purple back flying squid ; Species ; Maturity ; Length ; Gonad Somatic Index ; Spawning ; Estimation ; Potential
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 150pp.
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