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  • Mice  (137)
  • Female  (80)
  • 2005-2009  (188)
  • 1990-1994
  • 2008  (188)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: Determining the genetic basis of cancer requires comprehensive analyses of large collections of histopathologically well-classified primary tumours. Here we report the results of a collaborative study to discover somatic mutations in 188 human lung adenocarcinomas. DNA sequencing of 623 genes with known or potential relationships to cancer revealed more than 1,000 somatic mutations across the samples. Our analysis identified 26 genes that are mutated at significantly high frequencies and thus are probably involved in carcinogenesis. The frequently mutated genes include tyrosine kinases, among them the EGFR homologue ERBB4; multiple ephrin receptor genes, notably EPHA3; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR; and NTRK genes. These data provide evidence of somatic mutations in primary lung adenocarcinoma for several tumour suppressor genes involved in other cancers--including NF1, APC, RB1 and ATM--and for sequence changes in PTPRD as well as the frequently deleted gene LRP1B. The observed mutational profiles correlate with clinical features, smoking status and DNA repair defects. These results are reinforced by data integration including single nucleotide polymorphism array and gene expression array. Our findings shed further light on several important signalling pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma, and suggest new molecular targets for treatment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694412/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694412/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Li -- Getz, Gad -- Wheeler, David A -- Mardis, Elaine R -- McLellan, Michael D -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Greulich, Heidi -- Muzny, Donna M -- Morgan, Margaret B -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Robert S -- Zhang, Qunyuan -- Wendl, Michael C -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Larson, David E -- Chen, Ken -- Dooling, David J -- Sabo, Aniko -- Hawes, Alicia C -- Shen, Hua -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Lewis, Lora R -- Hall, Otis -- Zhu, Yiming -- Mathew, Tittu -- Ren, Yanru -- Yao, Jiqiang -- Scherer, Steven E -- Clerc, Kerstin -- Metcalf, Ginger A -- Ng, Brian -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Gonzalez-Garay, Manuel L -- Osborne, John R -- Meyer, Rick -- Shi, Xiaoqi -- Tang, Yuzhu -- Koboldt, Daniel C -- Lin, Ling -- Abbott, Rachel -- Miner, Tracie L -- Pohl, Craig -- Fewell, Ginger -- Haipek, Carrie -- Schmidt, Heather -- Dunford-Shore, Brian H -- Kraja, Aldi -- Crosby, Seth D -- Sawyer, Christopher S -- Vickery, Tammi -- Sander, Sacha -- Robinson, Jody -- Winckler, Wendy -- Baldwin, Jennifer -- Chirieac, Lucian R -- Dutt, Amit -- Fennell, Tim -- Hanna, Megan -- Johnson, Bruce E -- Onofrio, Robert C -- Thomas, Roman K -- Tonon, Giovanni -- Weir, Barbara A -- Zhao, Xiaojun -- Ziaugra, Liuda -- Zody, Michael C -- Giordano, Thomas -- Orringer, Mark B -- Roth, Jack A -- Spitz, Margaret R -- Wistuba, Ignacio I -- Ozenberger, Bradley -- Good, Peter J -- Chang, Andrew C -- Beer, David G -- Watson, Mark A -- Ladanyi, Marc -- Broderick, Stephen -- Yoshizawa, Akihiko -- Travis, William D -- Pao, William -- Province, Michael A -- Weinstock, George M -- Varmus, Harold E -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Lander, Eric S -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Wilson, Richard K -- P50 CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA154365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19 CA084953/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19 CA084953-050003/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 23;455(7216):1069-75. doi: 10.1038/nature07423.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Genome Center at Washington University, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Mutation/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogenes/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: MyD88 is a key downstream adapter for most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). MyD88 deficiency in mice leads to susceptibility to a broad range of pathogens in experimental settings of infection. We describe a distinct situation in a natural setting of human infection. Nine children with autosomal recessive MyD88 deficiency suffered from life-threatening, often recurrent pyogenic bacterial infections, including invasive pneumococcal disease. However, these patients were otherwise healthy, with normal resistance to other microbes. Their clinical status improved with age, but not due to any cellular leakiness in MyD88 deficiency. The MyD88-dependent TLRs and IL-1Rs are therefore essential for protective immunity to a small number of pyogenic bacteria, but redundant for host defense to most natural infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688396/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2688396/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Bernuth, Horst -- Picard, Capucine -- Jin, Zhongbo -- Pankla, Rungnapa -- Xiao, Hui -- Ku, Cheng-Lung -- Chrabieh, Maya -- Mustapha, Imen Ben -- Ghandil, Pegah -- Camcioglu, Yildiz -- Vasconcelos, Julia -- Sirvent, Nicolas -- Guedes, Margarida -- Vitor, Artur Bonito -- Herrero-Mata, Maria Jose -- Arostegui, Juan Ignacio -- Rodrigo, Carlos -- Alsina, Laia -- Ruiz-Ortiz, Estibaliz -- Juan, Manel -- Fortuny, Claudia -- Yague, Jordi -- Anton, Jordi -- Pascal, Mariona -- Chang, Huey-Hsuan -- Janniere, Lucile -- Rose, Yoann -- Garty, Ben-Zion -- Chapel, Helen -- Issekutz, Andrew -- Marodi, Laszlo -- Rodriguez-Gallego, Carlos -- Banchereau, Jacques -- Abel, Laurent -- Li, Xiaoxia -- Chaussabel, Damien -- Puel, Anne -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- U19 AI057234/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI057234-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AIO57234-02/PHS HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):691-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1158298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM U550, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Animals ; Bacterial Infections/*genetics/*immunology ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation, Missense ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/*deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Pneumococcal Infections/genetics/immunology ; Pseudomonas Infections/genetics/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Staphylococcal Infections/genetics/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, Wesley C -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Marshall Graves, Jennifer A -- Birney, Ewan -- Ponting, Chris P -- Grutzner, Frank -- Belov, Katherine -- Miller, Webb -- Clarke, Laura -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Heger, Andreas -- Locke, Devin P -- Miethke, Pat -- Waters, Paul D -- Veyrunes, Frederic -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Bob -- Graves, Tina -- Wallis, John -- Puente, Xose S -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Eichler, Evan E -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Deakin, Janine E -- Alsop, Amber -- Thompson, Katherine -- Kirby, Patrick -- Papenfuss, Anthony T -- Wakefield, Matthew J -- Olender, Tsviya -- Lancet, Doron -- Huttley, Gavin A -- Smit, Arian F A -- Pask, Andrew -- Temple-Smith, Peter -- Batzer, Mark A -- Walker, Jerilyn A -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Harris, Robert S -- Whittington, Camilla M -- Wong, Emily S W -- Gemmell, Neil J -- Buschiazzo, Emmanuel -- Vargas Jentzsch, Iris M -- Merkel, Angelika -- Schmitz, Juergen -- Zemann, Anja -- Churakov, Gennady -- Kriegs, Jan Ole -- Brosius, Juergen -- Murchison, Elizabeth P -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Smith, Carly -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal -- McMillan, Daniel -- Attenborough, Rosalind -- Rens, Willem -- Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm -- Lefevre, Christophe M -- Sharp, Julie A -- Nicholas, Kevin R -- Ray, David A -- Kube, Michael -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Pringle, Thomas H -- Taylor, James -- Jones, Russell C -- Nixon, Brett -- Dacheux, Jean-Louis -- Niwa, Hitoshi -- Sekita, Yoko -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Stark, Alexander -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Kellis, Manolis -- Flicek, Paul -- Chen, Yuan -- Webber, Caleb -- Hardison, Ross -- Nelson, Joanne -- Hallsworth-Pepin, Kym -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Markovic, Chris -- Minx, Pat -- Feng, Yucheng -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Mitreva, Makedonka -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Wylie, Todd -- Wohldmann, Patricia -- Thiru, Prathapan -- Nhan, Michael N -- Pohl, Craig S -- Smith, Scott M -- Hou, Shunfeng -- Nefedov, Mikhail -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Renfree, Marilyn B -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- HG002238/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-37/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM59290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):175-83. doi: 10.1038/nature06936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8501, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. wwarren@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Dentition ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomic Imprinting/genetics ; Humans ; Immunity/genetics ; Male ; Mammals/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Milk Proteins/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Platypus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Reptiles/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Venoms/genetics ; Zona Pellucida/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2008-10-14
    Description: DNA double-strand breaks are generated by genotoxic agents and by cellular endonucleases as intermediates of several important physiological processes. The cellular response to genotoxic DNA breaks includes the activation of transcriptional programs known primarily to regulate cell-cycle checkpoints and cell survival. DNA double-strand breaks are generated in all developing lymphocytes during the assembly of antigen receptor genes, a process that is essential for normal lymphocyte development. Here we show that in murine lymphocytes these physiological DNA breaks activate a broad transcriptional program. This program transcends the canonical DNA double-strand break response and includes many genes that regulate diverse cellular processes important for lymphocyte development. Moreover, the expression of several of these genes is regulated similarly in response to genotoxic DNA damage. Thus, physiological DNA double-strand breaks provide cues that can regulate cell-type-specific processes not directly involved in maintaining the integrity of the genome, and genotoxic DNA breaks could disrupt normal cellular functions by corrupting these processes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605662/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605662/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bredemeyer, Andrea L -- Helmink, Beth A -- Innes, Cynthia L -- Calderon, Boris -- McGinnis, Lisa M -- Mahowald, Grace K -- Gapud, Eric J -- Walker, Laura M -- Collins, Jennifer B -- Weaver, Brian K -- Mandik-Nayak, Laura -- Schreiber, Robert D -- Allen, Paul M -- May, Michael J -- Paules, Richard S -- Bassing, Craig H -- Sleckman, Barry P -- R01 AI047829/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI047829-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA125195-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):819-23. doi: 10.1038/nature07392. Epub 2008 Oct 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18849970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; B-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/drug effects ; Cell Line ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA-Binding Proteins/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects/*genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, SCID ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/drug effects ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: Understanding the origins and roles of cardiac progenitor cells is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of congenital and acquired heart diseases. Moreover, manipulation of cardiac myocyte progenitors has potential for cell-based repair strategies for various myocardial disorders. Here we report the identification in mouse of a previously unknown cardiac myocyte lineage that derives from the proepicardial organ. These progenitor cells, which express the T-box transcription factor Tbx18, migrate onto the outer cardiac surface to form the epicardium, and then make a substantial contribution to myocytes in the ventricular septum and the atrial and ventricular walls. Tbx18-expressing cardiac progenitors also give rise to cardiac fibroblasts and coronary smooth muscle cells. The pluripotency of Tbx18 proepicardial cells provides a theoretical framework for applying these progenitors to effect cardiac repair and regeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cai, Chen-Leng -- Martin, Jody C -- Sun, Yunfu -- Cui, Li -- Wang, Lianchun -- Ouyang, Kunfu -- Yang, Lei -- Bu, Lei -- Liang, Xingqun -- Zhang, Xiaoxue -- Stallcup, William B -- Denton, Christopher P -- McCulloch, Andrew -- Chen, Ju -- Evans, Sylvia M -- P41 RR005351/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32 HL007444/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):104-8. doi: 10.1038/nature06969. Epub 2008 May 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Lineage ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart/growth & development ; Lac Operon/genetics ; Mice ; Myocardium/*cytology/metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism ; Pericardium/*cytology/*metabolism ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: Ligand-dependent activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has been associated with tumorigenesis in a number of human tissues. Here we show that, although previous reports have described a cell-autonomous role for Hh signalling in these tumours, Hh ligands fail to activate signalling in tumour epithelial cells. In contrast, our data support ligand-dependent activation of the Hh pathway in the stromal microenvironment. Specific inhibition of Hh signalling using small molecule inhibitors, a neutralizing anti-Hh antibody or genetic deletion of smoothened (Smo) in the mouse stroma results in growth inhibition in xenograft tumour models. Taken together, these studies demonstrate a paracrine requirement for Hh ligand signalling in the tumorigenesis of Hh-expressing cancers and have important implications for the development of Hh pathway antagonists in cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yauch, Robert L -- Gould, Stephen E -- Scales, Suzie J -- Tang, Tracy -- Tian, Hua -- Ahn, Christina P -- Marshall, Derek -- Fu, Ling -- Januario, Thomas -- Kallop, Dara -- Nannini-Pepe, Michelle -- Kotkow, Karen -- Marsters, James C -- Rubin, Lee L -- de Sauvage, Frederic J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):406-10. doi: 10.1038/nature07275. Epub 2008 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18754008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hedgehog Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism ; Paracrine Communication/*physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-04-04
    Description: Smoking is a leading cause of preventable death, causing about 5 million premature deaths worldwide each year. Evidence for genetic influence on smoking behaviour and nicotine dependence (ND) has prompted a search for susceptibility genes. Furthermore, assessing the impact of sequence variants on smoking-related diseases is important to public health. Smoking is the major risk factor for lung cancer (LC) and is one of the main risk factors for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Here we identify a common variant in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene cluster on chromosome 15q24 with an effect on smoking quantity, ND and the risk of two smoking-related diseases in populations of European descent. The variant has an effect on the number of cigarettes smoked per day in our sample of smokers. The same variant was associated with ND in a previous genome-wide association study that used low-quantity smokers as controls, and with a similar approach we observe a highly significant association with ND. A comparison of cases of LC and PAD with population controls each showed that the variant confers risk of LC and PAD. The findings provide a case study of a gene-environment interaction, highlighting the role of nicotine addiction in the pathology of other serious diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4539558/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4539558/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E -- Geller, Frank -- Sulem, Patrick -- Rafnar, Thorunn -- Wiste, Anna -- Magnusson, Kristinn P -- Manolescu, Andrei -- Thorleifsson, Gudmar -- Stefansson, Hreinn -- Ingason, Andres -- Stacey, Simon N -- Bergthorsson, Jon T -- Thorlacius, Steinunn -- Gudmundsson, Julius -- Jonsson, Thorlakur -- Jakobsdottir, Margret -- Saemundsdottir, Jona -- Olafsdottir, Olof -- Gudmundsson, Larus J -- Bjornsdottir, Gyda -- Kristjansson, Kristleifur -- Skuladottir, Halla -- Isaksson, Helgi J -- Gudbjartsson, Tomas -- Jones, Gregory T -- Mueller, Thomas -- Gottsater, Anders -- Flex, Andrea -- Aben, Katja K H -- de Vegt, Femmie -- Mulders, Peter F A -- Isla, Dolores -- Vidal, Maria J -- Asin, Laura -- Saez, Berta -- Murillo, Laura -- Blondal, Thorsteinn -- Kolbeinsson, Halldor -- Stefansson, Jon G -- Hansdottir, Ingunn -- Runarsdottir, Valgerdur -- Pola, Roberto -- Lindblad, Bengt -- van Rij, Andre M -- Dieplinger, Benjamin -- Haltmayer, Meinhard -- Mayordomo, Jose I -- Kiemeney, Lambertus A -- Matthiasson, Stefan E -- Oskarsson, Hogni -- Tyrfingsson, Thorarinn -- Gudbjartsson, Daniel F -- Gulcher, Jeffrey R -- Jonsson, Steinn -- Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur -- Kong, Augustine -- Stefansson, Kari -- R01 DA017932/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 3;452(7187):638-42. doi: 10.1038/nature06846.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉deCODE Genetics, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. thorgeir@decode.is〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18385739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/*genetics ; Europe ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Multigene Family/genetics ; New Zealand ; Odds Ratio ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*genetics ; Smoking/adverse effects/genetics ; Tobacco Use Disorder/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: The canonical Wnt-beta-catenin signaling pathway is initiated by inducing phosphorylation of one of the Wnt receptors, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), at threonine residue 1479 (Thr1479) and serine residue 1490 (Ser1490). By screening a human kinase small interfering RNA library, we identified phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type II alpha and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type I (PIP5KI) as required for Wnt3a-induced LRP6 phosphorylation at Ser1490 in mammalian cells and confirmed that these kinases are important for Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos. Wnt3a stimulates the formation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphates [PtdIns (4,5)P2] through frizzled and dishevelled, the latter of which directly interacted with and activated PIP5KI. In turn, PtdIns (4,5)P2 regulated phosphorylation of LRP6 at Thr1479 and Ser1490. Therefore, our study reveals a signaling mechanism for Wnt to regulate LRP6 phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532521/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2532521/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pan, Weijun -- Choi, Sun-Cheol -- Wang, He -- Qin, Yuanbo -- Volpicelli-Daley, Laura -- Swan, Laura -- Lucast, Louise -- Khoo, Cynthia -- Zhang, Xiaowu -- Li, Lin -- Abrams, Charles S -- Sokol, Sergei Y -- Wu, Dianqing -- AR051476/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- CA132317/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DA018343/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- HL080706/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS36251/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 DA018343/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-01A1/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR051476-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA132317/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA132317-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA139395/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1350-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1160741.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Axin Protein ; Cell Line ; Frizzled Receptors/metabolism ; Humans ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/*metabolism ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Threonine/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism ; Wnt3 Protein ; Wnt3A Protein ; Xenopus/embryology ; Xenopus Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications 〉100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, Tom -- McClellan, Jon M -- McCarthy, Shane E -- Addington, Anjene M -- Pierce, Sarah B -- Cooper, Greg M -- Nord, Alex S -- Kusenda, Mary -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Stray, Sunday M -- Rippey, Caitlin F -- Roccanova, Patricia -- Makarov, Vlad -- Lakshmi, B -- Findling, Robert L -- Sikich, Linmarie -- Stromberg, Thomas -- Merriman, Barry -- Gogtay, Nitin -- Butler, Philip -- Eckstrand, Kristen -- Noory, Laila -- Gochman, Peter -- Long, Robert -- Chen, Zugen -- Davis, Sean -- Baker, Carl -- Eichler, Evan E -- Meltzer, Paul S -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Singleton, Andrew B -- Lee, Ming K -- Rapoport, Judith L -- King, Mary-Claire -- Sebat, Jonathan -- HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155174. Epub 2008 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2008-06-24
    Description: The transcription factor IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) is required during an immune response for lymphocyte activation and the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. Multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells, has a complex molecular aetiology with several subgroups defined by gene expression profiling and recurrent chromosomal translocations. Moreover, the malignant clone can sustain multiple oncogenic lesions, accumulating genetic damage as the disease progresses. Current therapies for myeloma can extend survival but are not curative. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are needed that target molecular pathways shared by all subtypes of myeloma. Here we show, using a loss-of-function, RNA-interference-based genetic screen, that IRF4 inhibition is toxic to myeloma cell lines, regardless of transforming oncogenic mechanism. Gene expression profiling and genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis uncovered an extensive network of IRF4 target genes and identified MYC as a direct target of IRF4 in activated B cells and myeloma. Unexpectedly, IRF4 was itself a direct target of MYC transactivation, generating an autoregulatory circuit in myeloma cells. Although IRF4 is not genetically altered in most myelomas, they are nonetheless addicted to an aberrant IRF4 regulatory network that fuses the gene expression programmes of normal plasma cells and activated B cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542904/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542904/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaffer, Arthur L -- Emre, N C Tolga -- Lamy, Laurence -- Ngo, Vu N -- Wright, George -- Xiao, Wenming -- Powell, John -- Dave, Sandeep -- Yu, Xin -- Zhao, Hong -- Zeng, Yuxin -- Chen, Bangzheng -- Epstein, Joshua -- Staudt, Louis M -- CA113992/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA97513/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113992/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113992-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA097513-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):226-31. doi: 10.1038/nature07064. Epub 2008 Jun 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18568025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Survival ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, myc/genetics ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Multiple Myeloma/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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