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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-07-18
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder resulting from motor neuron death. Approximately 10% of cases are familial (FALS), typically with a dominant inheritance mode. Despite numerous advances in recent years, nearly 50% of FALS cases have unknown genetic aetiology. Here we show that mutations within the profilin 1 (PFN1) gene can cause FALS. PFN1 is crucial for the conversion of monomeric (G)-actin to filamentous (F)-actin. Exome sequencing of two large ALS families showed different mutations within the PFN1 gene. Further sequence analysis identified 4 mutations in 7 out of 274 FALS cases. Cells expressing PFN1 mutants contain ubiquitinated, insoluble aggregates that in many cases contain the ALS-associated protein TDP-43. PFN1 mutants also display decreased bound actin levels and can inhibit axon outgrowth. Furthermore, primary motor neurons expressing mutant PFN1 display smaller growth cones with a reduced F/G-actin ratio. These observations further document that cytoskeletal pathway alterations contribute to ALS pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575525/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575525/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Chi-Hong -- Fallini, Claudia -- Ticozzi, Nicola -- Keagle, Pamela J -- Sapp, Peter C -- Piotrowska, Katarzyna -- Lowe, Patrick -- Koppers, Max -- McKenna-Yasek, Diane -- Baron, Desiree M -- Kost, Jason E -- Gonzalez-Perez, Paloma -- Fox, Andrew D -- Adams, Jenni -- Taroni, Franco -- Tiloca, Cinzia -- Leclerc, Ashley Lyn -- Chafe, Shawn C -- Mangroo, Dev -- Moore, Melissa J -- Zitzewitz, Jill A -- Xu, Zuo-Shang -- van den Berg, Leonard H -- Glass, Jonathan D -- Siciliano, Gabriele -- Cirulli, Elizabeth T -- Goldstein, David B -- Salachas, Francois -- Meininger, Vincent -- Rossoll, Wilfried -- Ratti, Antonia -- Gellera, Cinzia -- Bosco, Daryl A -- Bassell, Gary J -- Silani, Vincenzo -- Drory, Vivian E -- Brown, Robert H Jr -- Landers, John E -- 1R01NS050557/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 1R01NS065847/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS050557/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RC2 NS070342/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RC2-NS070-342/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007754/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 NS052225/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000454/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 23;488(7412):499-503. doi: 10.1038/nature11280.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22801503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/diagnosis/*genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Animals ; Axons/metabolism/pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Growth Cones/metabolism ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Jews/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Mutant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Profilins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Ubiquitination
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-07-24
    Description: Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumours in children. Identifying and understanding the genetic events that drive these tumours is critical for the development of more effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. Recently, our group and others described distinct molecular subtypes of medulloblastoma on the basis of transcriptional and copy number profiles. Here we use whole-exome hybrid capture and deep sequencing to identify somatic mutations across the coding regions of 92 primary medulloblastoma/normal pairs. Overall, medulloblastomas have low mutation rates consistent with other paediatric tumours, with a median of 0.35 non-silent mutations per megabase. We identified twelve genes mutated at statistically significant frequencies, including previously known mutated genes in medulloblastoma such as CTNNB1, PTCH1, MLL2, SMARCA4 and TP53. Recurrent somatic mutations were newly identified in an RNA helicase gene, DDX3X, often concurrent with CTNNB1 mutations, and in the nuclear co-repressor (N-CoR) complex genes GPS2, BCOR and LDB1. We show that mutant DDX3X potentiates transactivation of a TCF promoter and enhances cell viability in combination with mutant, but not wild-type, beta-catenin. Together, our study reveals the alteration of WNT, hedgehog, histone methyltransferase and now N-CoR pathways across medulloblastomas and within specific subtypes of this disease, and nominates the RNA helicase DDX3X as a component of pathogenic beta-catenin signalling in medulloblastoma.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3413789/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3413789/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pugh, Trevor J -- Weeraratne, Shyamal Dilhan -- Archer, Tenley C -- Pomeranz Krummel, Daniel A -- Auclair, Daniel -- Bochicchio, James -- Carneiro, Mauricio O -- Carter, Scott L -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Erlich, Rachel L -- Greulich, Heidi -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Lennon, Niall J -- McKenna, Aaron -- Meldrim, James -- Ramos, Alex H -- Ross, Michael G -- Russ, Carsten -- Shefler, Erica -- Sivachenko, Andrey -- Sogoloff, Brian -- Stojanov, Petar -- Tamayo, Pablo -- Mesirov, Jill P -- Amani, Vladimir -- Teider, Natalia -- Sengupta, Soma -- Francois, Jessica Pierre -- Northcott, Paul A -- Taylor, Michael D -- Yu, Furong -- Crabtree, Gerald R -- Kautzman, Amanda G -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Getz, Gad -- Jager, Natalie -- Jones, David T W -- Lichter, Peter -- Pfister, Stefan M -- Roberts, Thomas M -- Meyerson, Matthew -- Pomeroy, Scott L -- Cho, Yoon-Jae -- CA050661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- L40 NS063706/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA030002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA105607/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA148699/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA154480/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046789/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA105607/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA148699/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R25 NS070682/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R25NS070682/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 2;488(7409):106-10. doi: 10.1038/nature11329.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22820256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cerebellar Neoplasms/classification/*genetics ; Child ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Helicases/chemistry/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Exome/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; LIM Domain Proteins/genetics ; Medulloblastoma/classification/*genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; TCF Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-11-15
    Description: Glucose homeostasis is a vital and complex process, and its disruption can cause hyperglycaemia and type II diabetes mellitus. Glucokinase (GK), a key enzyme that regulates glucose homeostasis, converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in pancreatic beta-cells, liver hepatocytes, specific hypothalamic neurons, and gut enterocytes. In hepatocytes, GK regulates glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, suppresses glucose production, and is subject to the endogenous inhibitor GK regulatory protein (GKRP). During fasting, GKRP binds, inactivates and sequesters GK in the nucleus, which removes GK from the gluconeogenic process and prevents a futile cycle of glucose phosphorylation. Compounds that directly hyperactivate GK (GK activators) lower blood glucose levels and are being evaluated clinically as potential therapeutics for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. However, initial reports indicate that an increased risk of hypoglycaemia is associated with some GK activators. To mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia, we sought to increase GK activity by blocking GKRP. Here we describe the identification of two potent small-molecule GK-GKRP disruptors (AMG-1694 and AMG-3969) that normalized blood glucose levels in several rodent models of diabetes. These compounds potently reversed the inhibitory effect of GKRP on GK activity and promoted GK translocation both in vitro (isolated hepatocytes) and in vivo (liver). A co-crystal structure of full-length human GKRP in complex with AMG-1694 revealed a previously unknown binding pocket in GKRP distinct from that of the phosphofructose-binding site. Furthermore, with AMG-1694 and AMG-3969 (but not GK activators), blood glucose lowering was restricted to diabetic and not normoglycaemic animals. These findings exploit a new cellular mechanism for lowering blood glucose levels with reduced potential for hypoglycaemic risk in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lloyd, David J -- St Jean, David J Jr -- Kurzeja, Robert J M -- Wahl, Robert C -- Michelsen, Klaus -- Cupples, Rod -- Chen, Michelle -- Wu, John -- Sivits, Glenn -- Helmering, Joan -- Komorowski, Renee -- Ashton, Kate S -- Pennington, Lewis D -- Fotsch, Christopher -- Vazir, Mukta -- Chen, Kui -- Chmait, Samer -- Zhang, Jiandong -- Liu, Longbin -- Norman, Mark H -- Andrews, Kristin L -- Bartberger, Michael D -- Van, Gwyneth -- Galbreath, Elizabeth J -- Vonderfecht, Steven L -- Wang, Minghan -- Jordan, Steven R -- Veniant, Murielle M -- Hale, Clarence -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 19;504(7480):437-40. doi: 10.1038/nature12724. Epub 2013 Nov 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA. ; Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA. ; Department of Comparative Biology & Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24226772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*drug therapy/enzymology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/blood/drug therapy/enzymology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Liver/cytology/enzymology/metabolism ; Male ; Models, Molecular ; Organ Specificity ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Piperazines/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Transport/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sulfonamides/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-11-29
    Description: Achieving the goal of malaria elimination will depend on targeting Plasmodium pathways essential across all life stages. Here we identify a lipid kinase, phosphatidylinositol-4-OH kinase (PI(4)K), as the target of imidazopyrazines, a new antimalarial compound class that inhibits the intracellular development of multiple Plasmodium species at each stage of infection in the vertebrate host. Imidazopyrazines demonstrate potent preventive, therapeutic, and transmission-blocking activity in rodent malaria models, are active against blood-stage field isolates of the major human pathogens P. falciparum and P. vivax, and inhibit liver-stage hypnozoites in the simian parasite P. cynomolgi. We show that imidazopyrazines exert their effect through inhibitory interaction with the ATP-binding pocket of PI(4)K, altering the intracellular distribution of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. Collectively, our data define PI(4)K as a key Plasmodium vulnerability, opening up new avenues of target-based discovery to identify drugs with an ideal activity profile for the prevention, treatment and elimination of malaria.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940870/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940870/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNamara, Case W -- Lee, Marcus C S -- Lim, Chek Shik -- Lim, Siau Hoi -- Roland, Jason -- Nagle, Advait -- Simon, Oliver -- Yeung, Bryan K S -- Chatterjee, Arnab K -- McCormack, Susan L -- Manary, Micah J -- Zeeman, Anne-Marie -- Dechering, Koen J -- Kumar, T R Santha -- Henrich, Philipp P -- Gagaring, Kerstin -- Ibanez, Maureen -- Kato, Nobutaka -- Kuhen, Kelli L -- Fischli, Christoph -- Rottmann, Matthias -- Plouffe, David M -- Bursulaya, Badry -- Meister, Stephan -- Rameh, Lucia -- Trappe, Joerg -- Haasen, Dorothea -- Timmerman, Martijn -- Sauerwein, Robert W -- Suwanarusk, Rossarin -- Russell, Bruce -- Renia, Laurent -- Nosten, Francois -- Tully, David C -- Kocken, Clemens H M -- Glynne, Richard J -- Bodenreider, Christophe -- Fidock, David A -- Diagana, Thierry T -- Winzeler, Elizabeth A -- 078285/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 089275/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090534/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 096157/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 AI079709/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085584/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI090141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI103058/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01079709/PHS HHS/ -- R01085584/PHS HHS/ -- R01AI090141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- WT078285/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT096157/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 12;504(7479):248-53. doi: 10.1038/nature12782. Epub 2013 Nov 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA [2]. ; 1] Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [2]. ; Novartis Institutes for Tropical Disease, 138670 Singapore. ; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, PO Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands. ; TropIQ Health Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. ; 1] Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland [2] University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. ; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. ; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. ; 1] TropIQ Health Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical CentrePO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore. ; 1] Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore [2] Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 117545 Singapore. ; 1] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK [2] Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot 63110, Thailand. ; 1] Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; 1] Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cytokinesis/drug effects ; Drug Resistance/drug effects/genetics ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Female ; Hepatocytes/parasitology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Life Cycle Stages/drug effects ; Macaca mulatta ; Malaria/*drug therapy/*parasitology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Plasmodium/classification/*drug effects/*enzymology/growth & development ; Pyrazoles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Quinoxalines/metabolism/pharmacology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizonts/cytology/drug effects ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: Hypertension affects one billion people and is a principal reversible risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a rare Mendelian syndrome featuring hypertension, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis, has revealed previously unrecognized physiology orchestrating the balance between renal salt reabsorption and K(+) and H(+) excretion. Here we used exome sequencing to identify mutations in kelch-like 3 (KLHL3) or cullin 3 (CUL3) in PHAII patients from 41 unrelated families. KLHL3 mutations are either recessive or dominant, whereas CUL3 mutations are dominant and predominantly de novo. CUL3 and BTB-domain-containing kelch proteins such as KLHL3 are components of cullin-RING E3 ligase complexes that ubiquitinate substrates bound to kelch propeller domains. Dominant KLHL3 mutations are clustered in short segments within the kelch propeller and BTB domains implicated in substrate and cullin binding, respectively. Diverse CUL3 mutations all result in skipping of exon 9, producing an in-frame deletion. Because dominant KLHL3 and CUL3 mutations both phenocopy recessive loss-of-function KLHL3 mutations, they may abrogate ubiquitination of KLHL3 substrates. Disease features are reversed by thiazide diuretics, which inhibit the Na-Cl cotransporter in the distal nephron of the kidney; KLHL3 and CUL3 are expressed in this location, suggesting a mechanistic link between KLHL3 and CUL3 mutations, increased Na-Cl reabsorption, and disease pathogenesis. These findings demonstrate the utility of exome sequencing in disease gene identification despite the combined complexities of locus heterogeneity, mixed models of transmission and frequent de novo mutation, and establish a fundamental role for KLHL3 and CUL3 in blood pressure, K(+) and pH homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278668/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278668/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyden, Lynn M -- Choi, Murim -- Choate, Keith A -- Nelson-Williams, Carol J -- Farhi, Anita -- Toka, Hakan R -- Tikhonova, Irina R -- Bjornson, Robert -- Mane, Shrikant M -- Colussi, Giacomo -- Lebel, Marcel -- Gordon, Richard D -- Semmekrot, Ben A -- Poujol, Alain -- Valimaki, Matti J -- De Ferrari, Maria E -- Sanjad, Sami A -- Gutkin, Michael -- Karet, Fiona E -- Tucci, Joseph R -- Stockigt, Jim R -- Keppler-Noreuil, Kim M -- Porter, Craig C -- Anand, Sudhir K -- Whiteford, Margo L -- Davis, Ira D -- Dewar, Stephanie B -- Bettinelli, Alberto -- Fadrowski, Jeffrey J -- Belsha, Craig W -- Hunley, Tracy E -- Nelson, Raoul D -- Trachtman, Howard -- Cole, Trevor R P -- Pinsk, Maury -- Bockenhauer, Detlef -- Shenoy, Mohan -- Vaidyanathan, Priya -- Foreman, John W -- Rasoulpour, Majid -- Thameem, Farook -- Al-Shahrouri, Hania Z -- Radhakrishnan, Jai -- Gharavi, Ali G -- Goilav, Beatrice -- Lifton, Richard P -- KL2 RR024138/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- KL2 RR024138-07/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK079310/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK079310-04S1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30-DK079310/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- UL1-RR024139/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 22;482(7383):98-102. doi: 10.1038/nature10814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22266938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blood Pressure/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Cullin Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Electrolytes ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Dominant/genetics ; Genes, Recessive/genetics ; Genotype ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypertension/complications/*genetics/physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Potassium/metabolism ; Pseudohypoaldosteronism/complications/*genetics/physiopathology ; Sodium Chloride/metabolism ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/complications/*genetics/physiopathology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-08-09
    Description: Wild waterfowl form the main reservoir of influenza A viruses, from which transmission occurs directly or indirectly to various secondary hosts, including humans. Direct avian-to-human transmission has been observed for viruses of subtypes A(H5N1), A(H7N2), A(H7N3), A(H7N7), A(H9N2) and A(H10N7) upon human exposure to poultry, but a lack of sustained human-to-human transmission has prevented these viruses from causing new pandemics. Recently, avian A(H7N9) viruses were transmitted to humans, causing severe respiratory disease and deaths in China. Because transmission via respiratory droplets and aerosols (hereafter referred to as airborne transmission) is the main route for efficient transmission between humans, it is important to gain an insight into airborne transmission of the A(H7N9) virus. Here we show that although the A/Anhui/1/2013 A(H7N9) virus harbours determinants associated with human adaptation and transmissibility between mammals, its airborne transmissibility in ferrets is limited, and it is intermediate between that of typical human and avian influenza viruses. Multiple A(H7N9) virus genetic variants were transmitted. Upon ferret passage, variants with higher avian receptor binding, higher pH of fusion, and lower thermostability were selected, potentially resulting in reduced transmissibility. This A(H7N9) virus outbreak highlights the need for increased understanding of the determinants of efficient airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses between mammals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819191/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819191/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richard, Mathilde -- Schrauwen, Eefje J A -- de Graaf, Miranda -- Bestebroer, Theo M -- Spronken, Monique I J -- van Boheemen, Sander -- de Meulder, Dennis -- Lexmond, Pascal -- Linster, Martin -- Herfst, Sander -- Smith, Derek J -- van den Brand, Judith M -- Burke, David F -- Kuiken, Thijs -- Rimmelzwaan, Guus F -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Fouchier, Ron A M -- HHSN266200700010C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN266200700010C/PHS HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Sep 26;501(7468):560-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12476. Epub 2013 Aug 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23925116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Microbiology ; Animals ; Birds/virology ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Dogs ; Ferrets/*virology ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/chemistry/classification/genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/transmission/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission/virology ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Models, Molecular ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*transmission/*virology ; Vero Cells
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-12-01
    Description: The Trypanosoma brucei cysteine protease cathepsin B (TbCatB), which is involved in host protein degradation, is a promising target to develop new treatments against sleeping sickness, a fatal disease caused by this protozoan parasite. The structure of the mature, active form of TbCatB has so far not provided sufficient information for the design of a safe and specific drug against T. brucei. By combining two recent innovations, in vivo crystallization and serial femtosecond crystallography, we obtained the room-temperature 2.1 angstrom resolution structure of the fully glycosylated precursor complex of TbCatB. The structure reveals the mechanism of native TbCatB inhibition and demonstrates that new biomolecular information can be obtained by the "diffraction-before-destruction" approach of x-ray free-electron lasers from hundreds of thousands of individual microcrystals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786669/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786669/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redecke, Lars -- Nass, Karol -- DePonte, Daniel P -- White, Thomas A -- Rehders, Dirk -- Barty, Anton -- Stellato, Francesco -- Liang, Mengning -- Barends, Thomas R M -- Boutet, Sebastien -- Williams, Garth J -- Messerschmidt, Marc -- Seibert, M Marvin -- Aquila, Andrew -- Arnlund, David -- Bajt, Sasa -- Barth, Torsten -- Bogan, Michael J -- Caleman, Carl -- Chao, Tzu-Chiao -- Doak, R Bruce -- Fleckenstein, Holger -- Frank, Matthias -- Fromme, Raimund -- Galli, Lorenzo -- Grotjohann, Ingo -- Hunter, Mark S -- Johansson, Linda C -- Kassemeyer, Stephan -- Katona, Gergely -- Kirian, Richard A -- Koopmann, Rudolf -- Kupitz, Chris -- Lomb, Lukas -- Martin, Andrew V -- Mogk, Stefan -- Neutze, Richard -- Shoeman, Robert L -- Steinbrener, Jan -- Timneanu, Nicusor -- Wang, Dingjie -- Weierstall, Uwe -- Zatsepin, Nadia A -- Spence, John C H -- Fromme, Petra -- Schlichting, Ilme -- Duszenko, Michael -- Betzel, Christian -- Chapman, Henry N -- 1R01GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):227-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1229663. Epub 2012 Nov 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joint Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, and Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lubeck, at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23196907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cathepsin B/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Precursors/chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protozoan Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*enzymology ; X-Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-07-31
    Description: The jumonji (JMJ) family of histone demethylases are Fe2+- and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenases that are essential components of regulatory transcriptional chromatin complexes. These enzymes demethylate lysine residues in histones in a methylation-state and sequence-specific context. Considerable effort has been devoted to gaining a mechanistic understanding of the roles of histone lysine demethylases in eukaryotic transcription, genome integrity and epigenetic inheritance, as well as in development, physiology and disease. However, because of the absence of any selective inhibitors, the relevance of the demethylase activity of JMJ enzymes in regulating cellular responses remains poorly understood. Here we present a structure-guided small-molecule and chemoproteomics approach to elucidating the functional role of the H3K27me3-specific demethylase subfamily (KDM6 subfamily members JMJD3 and UTX). The liganded structures of human and mouse JMJD3 provide novel insight into the specificity determinants for cofactor, substrate and inhibitor recognition by the KDM6 subfamily of demethylases. We exploited these structural features to generate the first small-molecule catalytic site inhibitor that is selective for the H3K27me3-specific JMJ subfamily. We demonstrate that this inhibitor binds in a novel manner and reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by human primary macrophages, a process that depends on both JMJD3 and UTX. Our results resolve the ambiguity associated with the catalytic function of H3K27-specific JMJs in regulating disease-relevant inflammatory responses and provide encouragement for designing small-molecule inhibitors to allow selective pharmacological intervention across the JMJ family.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691848/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691848/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kruidenier, Laurens -- Chung, Chun-wa -- Cheng, Zhongjun -- Liddle, John -- Che, KaHing -- Joberty, Gerard -- Bantscheff, Marcus -- Bountra, Chas -- Bridges, Angela -- Diallo, Hawa -- Eberhard, Dirk -- Hutchinson, Sue -- Jones, Emma -- Katso, Roy -- Leveridge, Melanie -- Mander, Palwinder K -- Mosley, Julie -- Ramirez-Molina, Cesar -- Rowland, Paul -- Schofield, Christopher J -- Sheppard, Robert J -- Smith, Julia E -- Swales, Catherine -- Tanner, Robert -- Thomas, Pamela -- Tumber, Anthony -- Drewes, Gerard -- Oppermann, Udo -- Patel, Dinshaw J -- Lee, Kevin -- Wilson, David M -- 092809/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 18358/Arthritis Research UK/United Kingdom -- P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 16;488(7411):404-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11262.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epinova DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22842901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biocatalysis/drug effects ; Catalytic Domain ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/classification/metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Macrophages/*drug effects/enzymology/*immunology/metabolism ; Methylation/drug effects ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Substrate Specificity ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: The RNA-induced silencing complex, comprising Argonaute and guide RNA, mediates RNA interference. Here we report the 3.2 A crystal structure of Kluyveromyces polysporus Argonaute (KpAGO) fortuitously complexed with guide RNA originating from small-RNA duplexes autonomously loaded by recombinant KpAGO. Despite their diverse sequences, guide-RNA nucleotides 1-8 are positioned similarly, with sequence-independent contacts to bases, phosphates and 2'-hydroxyl groups pre-organizing the backbone of nucleotides 2-8 in a near-A-form conformation. Compared with prokaryotic Argonautes, KpAGO has numerous surface-exposed insertion segments, with a cluster of conserved insertions repositioning the N domain to enable full propagation of guide-target pairing. Compared with Argonautes in inactive conformations, KpAGO has a hydrogen-bond network that stabilizes an expanded and repositioned loop, which inserts an invariant glutamate into the catalytic pocket. Mutation analyses and analogies to ribonuclease H indicate that insertion of this glutamate finger completes a universally conserved catalytic tetrad, thereby activating Argonaute for RNA cleavage.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853139/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3853139/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakanishi, Kotaro -- Weinberg, David E -- Bartel, David P -- Patel, Dinshaw J -- AI068776/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM61835/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068776/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061835/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM061835/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 20;486(7403):368-74. doi: 10.1038/nature11211.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Argonaute Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Eukaryotic Cells/chemistry/enzymology ; Fungal Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Kluyveromyces/*chemistry/enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Guide/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomycetales/enzymology/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is the prototypical member of a family of G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate cellular responses to thrombin and related proteases. Thrombin irreversibly activates PAR1 by cleaving the amino-terminal exodomain of the receptor, which exposes a tethered peptide ligand that binds the heptahelical bundle of the receptor to affect G-protein activation. Here we report the 2.2 A resolution crystal structure of human PAR1 bound to vorapaxar, a PAR1 antagonist. The structure reveals an unusual mode of drug binding that explains how a small molecule binds virtually irreversibly to inhibit receptor activation by the tethered ligand of PAR1. In contrast to deep, solvent-exposed binding pockets observed in other peptide-activated G-protein-coupled receptors, the vorapaxar-binding pocket is superficial but has little surface exposed to the aqueous solvent. Protease-activated receptors are important targets for drug development. The structure reported here will aid the development of improved PAR1 antagonists and the discovery of antagonists to other members of this receptor family.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531875/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531875/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Cheng -- Srinivasan, Yoga -- Arlow, Daniel H -- Fung, Juan Jose -- Palmer, Daniel -- Zheng, Yaowu -- Green, Hillary F -- Pandey, Anjali -- Dror, Ron O -- Shaw, David E -- Weis, William I -- Coughlin, Shaun R -- Kobilka, Brian K -- HL44907/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL65590/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL044907/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065185/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065590/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):387-92. doi: 10.1038/nature11701. Epub 2012 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation/genetics ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Lactones/chemistry/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control ; Protein Conformation ; Pyridines/chemistry/pharmacology ; Receptor, PAR-1/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/classification ; Receptors, Thrombin
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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