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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,213)
  • 1995-1999  (418)
  • 1990-1994  (442)
  • 1980-1984  (353)
  • 1995  (418)
  • 1993  (442)
  • 1984  (353)
  • 1
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    The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: The complete nucleotide sequence (580,070 base pairs) of the Mycoplasma genitalium genome, the smallest known genome of any free-living organism, has been determined by whole-genome random sequencing and assembly. A total of only 470 predicted coding regions were identified that include genes required for DNA replication, transcription and translation, DNA repair, cellular transport, and energy metabolism. Comparison of this genome to that of Haemophilus influenzae suggests that differences in genome content are reflected as profound differences in physiology and metabolic capacity between these two organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, C M -- Gocayne, J D -- White, O -- Adams, M D -- Clayton, R A -- Fleischmann, R D -- Bult, C J -- Kerlavage, A R -- Sutton, G -- Kelley, J M -- Fritchman, R D -- Weidman, J F -- Small, K V -- Sandusky, M -- Fuhrmann, J -- Nguyen, D -- Utterback, T R -- Saudek, D M -- Phillips, C A -- Merrick, J M -- Tomb, J F -- Dougherty, B A -- Bott, K F -- Hu, P C -- Lucier, T S -- Peterson, S N -- Smith, H O -- Hutchison, C A 3rd -- Venter, J C -- AI33161/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AIO8998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL19171/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):397-403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigenic Variation/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Biological Transport/genetics ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Replication/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Haemophilus influenzae/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycoplasma/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    An STS-based map of the human genome (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: A physical map has been constructed of the human genome containing 15,086 sequence-tagged sites (STSs), with an average spacing of 199 kilobases. The project involved assembly of a radiation hybrid map of the human genome containing 6193 loci and incorporated a genetic linkage map of the human genome containing 5264 loci. This information was combined with the results of STS-content screening of 10,850 loci against a yeast artificial chromosome library to produce an integrated map, anchored by the radiation hybrid and genetic maps. The map provides radiation hybrid coverage of 99 percent and physical coverage of 94 percent of the human genome. The map also represents an early step in an international project to generate a transcript map of the human genome, with more than 3235 expressed sequences localized. The STSs in the map provide a scaffold for initiating large-scale sequencing of the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hudson, T J -- Stein, L D -- Gerety, S S -- Ma, J -- Castle, A B -- Silva, J -- Slonim, D K -- Baptista, R -- Kruglyak, L -- Xu, S H -- Hu, X -- Colbert, A M -- Rosenberg, C -- Reeve-Daly, M P -- Rozen, S -- Hui, L -- Wu, X -- Vestergaard, C -- Wilson, K M -- Bae, J S -- Maitra, S -- Ganiatsas, S -- Evans, C A -- DeAngelis, M M -- Ingalls, K A -- Nahf, R W -- Horton, L T Jr -- Anderson, M O -- Collymore, A J -- Ye, W -- Kouyoumjian, V -- Zemsteva, I S -- Tam, J -- Devine, R -- Courtney, D F -- Renaud, M T -- Nguyen, H -- O'Connor, T J -- Fizames, C -- Faure, S -- Gyapay, G -- Dib, C -- Morissette, J -- Orlin, J B -- Birren, B W -- Goodman, N -- Weissenbach, J -- Hawkins, T L -- Foote, S -- Page, D C -- Lander, E S -- HG00017/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00098/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1945-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead-MIT Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Databases, Factual ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Sequence Tagged Sites
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Genomic structure of an attenuated quasi species of HIV-1 from a blood transfusion donor and recipients (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: A blood donor infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) and a cohort of six blood or blood product recipients infected from this donor remain free of HIV-1-related disease with stable and normal CD4 lymphocyte counts 10 to 14 years after infection. HIV-1 sequences from either virus isolates or patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells had similar deletions in the nef gene and in the region of overlap of nef and the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR). Full-length sequencing of one isolate genome and amplification of selected HIV-1 genome regions from other cohort members revealed no other abnormalities of obvious functional significance. These data show that survival after HIV infection can be determined by the HIV genome and support the importance of nef or the U3 region of the LTR in determining the pathogenicity of HIV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deacon, N J -- Tsykin, A -- Solomon, A -- Smith, K -- Ludford-Menting, M -- Hooker, D J -- McPhee, D A -- Greenway, A L -- Ellett, A -- Chatfield, C -- Lawson, V A -- Crowe, S -- Maerz, A -- Sonza, S -- Learmont, J -- Sullivan, J S -- Cunningham, A -- Dwyer, D -- Dowton, D -- Mills, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):988-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉AIDS Molecular Biology Unit, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; *Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, nef ; Genome, Viral ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/*virology ; *HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Sequence Deletion ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Uncertainties in carbon dioxide radiative forcing in atmospheric general circulation models (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-19
    Description: Global warming caused by an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases, is the direct result of greenhouse gas-induced radiative forcing. When a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide is considered, this forcing differed substantially among 15 atmospheric general circulation models. Although there are several potential causes, the largest contributor was the carbon dioxide radiation parameterizations of the models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cess, R D -- Zhang, M H -- Potter, G L -- Barker, H W -- Colman, R A -- Dazlich, D A -- Del Genio, A D -- Esch, M -- Fraser, J R -- Galin, V -- Gates, W L -- Hack, J J -- Ingram, W J -- Kiehl, J T -- Lacis, A A -- Le Treut, H -- Li, Z X -- Liang, X Z -- Mahfouf, J F -- McAvaney, B J -- Meleshko, V P -- Morcrette, J J -- Randall, D A -- Roeckner, E -- Royer, J F -- Sokolov, A P -- Sporyshev, P V -- Taylor, K E -- Wang, W C -- Wetherald, R T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 19;262(5137):1252-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Giant panda paternity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Goldman, D -- Knight, J -- Moore, H D -- Wildt, D E -- Bush, M -- Montali, R J -- Kleiman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivora ; Male ; *Paternity ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Cooperative formation of inorganic-organic interfaces in the synthesis of silicate mesostructures (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-03
    Description: A model is presented to explain the formation and morphologies of surfactant-silicate mesostructures. Three processes are identified: multidentate binding of silicate oligomers to the cationic surfactant, preferential silicate polymerization in the interface region, and charge density matching between the surfactant and the silicate. The model explains present experimental data, including the transformation between lamellar and hexagonal mesophases, and provides a guide for predicting conditions that favor the formation of lamellar, hexagonal, or cubic mesostructures. Model Q(230) proposed by Mariani and his co-workers satisfactorily fits the x-ray data collected on the cubic mesostructure material. This model suggests that the silicate polymer forms a unique infinite silicate sheet sitting on the gyroid minimal surface and separating the surfactant molecules into two disconnected volumes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monnier, A -- Schuth, F -- Huo, Q -- Kumar, D -- Margolese, D -- Maxwell, R S -- Stucky, G D -- Krishnamurty, M -- Petroff, P -- Firouzi, A -- Janicke, M -- Chmelka, B F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 3;261(5126):1299-303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17731857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
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    Structure of the regulatory complex of Escherichia coli IIIGlc with glycerol kinase (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-29
    Description: The phosphocarrier protein IIIGlc is an integral component of the bacterial phosphotransferase (PTS) system. Unphosphorylated IIIGlc inhibits non-PTS carbohydrate transport systems by binding to diverse target proteins. The crystal structure at 2.6 A resolution of one of the targets, glycerol kinase (GK), in complex with unphosphorylated IIIGlc, glycerol, and adenosine diphosphate was determined. GK contains a region that is topologically identical to the adenosine triphosphate binding domains of hexokinase, the 70-kD heat shock cognate, and actin. IIIGlc binds far from the catalytic site of GK, indicating that long-range conformational changes mediate the inhibition of GK by IIIGlc. GK and IIIGlc are bound by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, with only one hydrogen bond involving an uncharged group. The phosphorylation site of IIIGlc, His90, is buried in a hydrophobic environment formed by the active site region of IIIGlc and a 3(10) helix of GK, suggesting that phosphorylation prevents IIIGlc binding to GK by directly disrupting protein-protein interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurley, J H -- Faber, H R -- Worthylake, D -- Meadow, N D -- Roseman, S -- Pettigrew, D W -- Remington, S J -- 5-R37 GM38759/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 42618-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 29;259(5095):673-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8430315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Glycerol Kinase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Models, Structural ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 8
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    Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients with primary infection (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: Better characterization of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in patients with primary infection has important implications for the development of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine because vaccine strategies should target viral isolates with the properties of transmitted viruses. In five HIV-1 seroconverters, the viral phenotype was found to be uniformly macrophage-tropic and non-syncytium-inducing. Furthermore, the viruses were genotypically homogeneous within each patient, but a common signature sequence was not discernible among transmitted viruses. In the two cases where the sexual partners were also studied, the sequences of the transmitted viruses matched best with minor variants in the blood of the transmitters. There was also a stronger pressure to conserve sequences in gp120 than in gp41, nef, and p17, suggesting that a selective mechanism is involved in transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, T -- Mo, H -- Wang, N -- Nam, D S -- Cao, Y -- Koup, R A -- Ho, D D -- AI24030/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI25541/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI27742/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Products, gag/chemistry/genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; Giant Cells/physiology ; HIV Antigens/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Infections/*microbiology/transmission ; HIV Seropositivity/microbiology ; HIV-1/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Sequence Alignment ; Sexual Partners ; *Viral Proteins ; Virus Replication ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Chemical loss of ozone in the arctic polar vortex in the winter of 1991-1992 (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: In situ measurements of chlorine monoxide, bromine monoxide, and ozone are extrapolated globally, with the use of meteorological tracers, to infer the loss rates for ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II) in the winter of 1991-1992. The analysis indicates removal of 15 to 20 percent of ambient ozone because of elevated concentrations of chlorine monoxide and bromine monoxide. Observations during AASE II define rates of removal of chlorine monoxide attributable to reaction with nitrogen dioxide (produced by photolysis of nitric acid) and to production of hydrochloric acid. Ozone loss ceased in March as concentrations of chlorine monoxide declined. Ozone losses could approach 50 percent if regeneration of nitrogen dioxide were inhibited by irreversible removal of nitrogen oxides (denitrification), as presently observed in the Antarctic, or without denitrification if inorganic chlorine concentrations were to double.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salawitch, R J -- Wofsy, S C -- Gottlieb, E W -- Lait, L R -- Newman, P A -- Schoeberl, M R -- Loewenstein, M -- Podolske, J R -- Strahan, S E -- Proffitt, M H -- Webster, C R -- May, R D -- Fahey, D W -- Baumgardner, D -- Dye, J E -- Wilson, J C -- Kelly, K K -- Elkins, J W -- Chan, K R -- Anderson, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1146-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17790349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
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    Absorption of solar radiation by clouds: observations versus models (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: There has been a long history of unexplained anomalous absorption of solar radiation by clouds. Collocated satellite and surface measurements of solar radiation at five geographically diverse locations showed significant solar absorption by clouds, resulting in about 25 watts per square meter more global-mean absorption by the cloudy atmosphere than predicted by theoretical models. It has often been suggested that tropospheric aerosols could increase cloud absorption. But these aerosols are temporally and spatially heterogeneous, whereas the observed cloud absorption is remarkably invariant with respect to season and location. Although its physical cause is unknown, enhanced cloud absorption substantially alters our understanding of the atmosphere's energy budget.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cess, R D -- Zhang, M H -- Minnis, P -- Corsetti, L -- Dutton, E G -- Forgan, B W -- Garber, D P -- Gates, W L -- Hack, J J -- Harrison, E F -- Jing, X -- Kiehi, J T -- Long, C N -- Morcrette, J J -- Potter, G L -- Ramanathan, V -- Subasilar, B -- Whitlock, C H -- Young, D F -- Zhou, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):496-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17788783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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