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  • Articles  (34,136)
  • Springer  (34,136)
  • PANGAEA
  • 1980-1984  (34,136)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (34,136)
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  • Articles  (34,136)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The connection between the measured glass transition temperature and the time dependent order parameter description of the glass transition (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 597-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The time dependent order parameter concept of the glass transition is used in a description of the relaxation behaviour of the glassforming material. The connection between the macroscopic theory and the measured glass transition temperature has been determined. It has been found that in a case when the Prigogine-Defay ratio is greater than unity, different values of the relaxation functions of entropy and volume obtained by different experiments (e.g., isobaric dilatometry and isothermal compression) should be used in order to obtain the identical Tg. The Prigogine-Defay ratio is found to be a decreasing function of the observation time reaching values between unity in the limit of infinite time and a limit which corresponds to extremely short experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255298
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of styrene oligomers by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) using a modified HPCL-instrument (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 603-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An instrument for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was modified by relatively simple means for working in the field of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC). By use of this modified apparatus three different gradient methods were tried with respect to their applicability for the analytical separation of oligomers. Especially by using a gradient in eluent composition or by a pressure gradient good resolution could be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255299
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of ABA triblock copolymers containing electrono-donor or electrono-acceptor pendant groups in A blocks (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 643-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary α,ω-p-Toluensulphonic acid ester of poly(ethyleneglycoladipate) was synthesized and used to initiate the cationic isomerization polymerization of 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-(β-N-Carbazolylethyl)-2-oxazoline and 2-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-2-oxazoline. ABA triblock copolymers containing poly(N-benzoylethylenimine), poly [N-β(N-carbazolyl)propionyl ethyleneimine] or poly(3,5-dinitrobenzoylethylenimine) blocks (A block) and poly (ethyleneglycoladipate) blocks (B block) have been synthesized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nucleating agents upon the kinetics of polybutene-1 crystallization (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 635-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The influence of various nucleating agents on the crystallization parameters of polybutene-1 is reported. Isothermal crystallization is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The morphology induced by the differents nucleating agents has been observed by hot stage polarizing microscopy. It has been stated that the addition of nucleating agent affects the crystallization rate, dimension and homogeneity of spherulitic sizes. The induction time ti, the semicrystallization time t1/2, the crystallization rate constant K, and the Avrami coefficient n were measured and related to the different characteristics of the specimens. Because of the fractional values of n obtained in this study, it is not possible to propose well determined mechanisms of crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR study on phase transitions in lyotropic liquid crystals caused by hydrophobic additives (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 667-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Broad line NMR spectra have been measured at room temperature of the binary system Arkopal (C9H19C6H4O(CH2CH2O)15H) -heavy water (40 % to 60 % by weight) and of the ternary systems Arkopal — heavy water — paraffin at different paraffin concentrations at constant Arkopal — heavy water ratio. It has been established how the additives change the lyotropic phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma-induced polymerization (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Investigations carried out in plasma-induced polymerization (copolymerization) led to the idea of the existence of “living” macroradicals. Their presence in both homogeneous and heterogeneous media was experimentally proved and theoretically explained and their use as macromolecular initiators in polymerization processes is exemplified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256136
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physico-chemical studies of polymeric carriers: 2. Molecular mass determination of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-maleic acid) fractions (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 673-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Critical interpretation of the various conceptions concerning the problems in characterization of linear polyelectrolyte type polymers containing maleic acid as a comonomer is given. Proper conditions to avoid the fundamental experimental difficulties are proposed. Our conception is supported by molecular light scattering measurements of hydrolysed, fractionated poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-maleic anhydride) samples. It was found that the problems were eliminated by the reduction of the degree of dissociation of carboxyl groups to a minimum value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255309
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between preferential adsorption coefficient and intrinsic viscosity in ternary systems (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The relation proposed between the preferential adsorption coefficient, λ, and the intrinsic viscosity, ¦η¦ λ¦η¦=λ∞¦η¦+AKθ has been applied in this paper to previously published data. This equation is found to be valid in theta condi tions and far away from them. The obtained results are compared to the ones calculated with the Dondos-Benoit equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256137
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid and enzymic hydrolysis of Kappa carrageenan (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the acid and enzymic hydrolysis of Kappa carrageenan and the gel permeation chromatography of the charged oligosaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256139
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An empirical model for the melt viscosity of polymer blends (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary On the basis of experimental data for blends of polyethylene with different polymers an empirical equation is proposed to describe the dependence of melt viscosity of blends on component viscosities and composition. The model ensures the continuity of viscosity vs. composition curves throughout the whole composition range, the possibility of obtaining extremum values higher or lower than the viscosities of components, allows the calculation of flow curves of blends from the flow curves of components and their volume fractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256138
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water vapor absorption and aqueous retention of hydrolyzed starch polyacrylonitrile graft copolymers — “superabsorbent starch” (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Starch copolymers with polyacrylonitrile grafts were prepared using the Mn3+ initiation method and different amounts of acrylonitrile. The product was hydrolyzed in aqueous alkali (nitrile groups to amide and carboxyl groups) to enhance the hydrophilic character of the copolymer and achieve “superabsorbent properties”. At relative humidities (RH) up to 95–97 % the modified starch shows “normal” water vapor absorption like cellulose and other polysaccharides. When in contact with liquid distilled water, the modified starch forms a “superabsorbent” gel which retains very large amounts of water (up to 800 g/g). At low and high pH and in aqueous salt solutions (NaCl, CaCl2 and synthetic urine) the water retention is strongly reduced. This is interpreted as due to the ionic strength (salt effect) and for Ca2+ ions probably also crosslinking by salt formation with carboxyl groups on adjacent chains or chain segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256140
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rigid backbone polymers (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It is shown that the inverse velocity of a fallingball in, or ηm the apparent minimum viscosity of, anisotropic solutions of poly(n-hexylisocyanate) in toluene, are molecular weight dependent. The molecular weight dependence follows two linear branches. Below Mw=42600 the apparent minimum viscosity is very weakly dependent on Mw. Above Mw=42600 the apparent minimum viscosity of the anisotropic solution is strongly dependent on the molecular weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256141
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical modification of polystyrene (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Sulfinate functional groups have been introduced on selected positions of the aromatic rings of soluble or crosslinked polystyrene via lithiation reactions followed by quenching with sulfur dioxide. The sulfinate polymers have good stability, can be stored at room temperature, and can be used for ion-exchange or as nucleophiles to produce polymer-bound sulfones. Good functional yields of polystyrene resins with sulfone pendant groups can be obtained by reaction of the polymeric sulfinates with various alkyl halides under phase transfer or classical conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256143
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic study of crosslinking vinyl polymerization by laser Raman spectroscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Kinetic studies of crosslinking vinyl polymerizations are usually only applicable to the initial stages of the reaction, prior to the gel point, due to the subsequent insolubility of the polymer and the great increase in viscosity. We have demonstrated the suitability of laser Raman spectroscopy for quantitative analysis over the entire conversion range in an investigation of the polymerization of diethylene glycol bis (allyl carbonate) in bulk, with benzoyl peroxide initiation, between 70 and 85°C. The rate of consumption of vinyl bonds could be approximated by first-order kinetics up to ca. 80% depletion. Lower rates were observed at higher conversions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256142
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 117-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256144
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modification of rubber elasticity theory (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Based on a reconsideration of the packing conditions in amorphous polymers, a modification of the statistical theory of rubber elasticity is derived. The main assumption is, that the mean square end-to-end distance of a free chain in the bulk state depends on the dimensions of the surrounding chains. The theory describes quite well the deformation behaviour of real elastomeric networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265159
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro- and macroconformation of macromolecules (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cyclotetracosane exhibits complex phase behaviour in the solid state as well as in the melt as evidenced by complementary methods, DSC, BRILLOUIN scattering, dielectric constant and PE-MAS 13c-NMR. Three solid phases have been verified, one of them — within the range from 299.5 to 312 K — exhibits extremely high molecular mobility. Between the start of melting, 312 K, and the first order transition at ∼ 321 K a mesomorphic type region develops. Two additional transitions have been detected in the melt. That occuring at 361 K (DSC), 356 K (BRILLOUIN data) resembles the Tu as observed in n-alkanes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265156
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, characterization and polycondensation of Bis-(4-hydroxybutyl) terephthalate (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Monomeric Bis-(4-hydroxybutyl) terephthalate has been synthesized and characterized. Titanium iso-propoxide has been found to be a superior catalyst for transesterification compared to metal acetates. Further polycondensation of Bis (HBT) yields poly (1,4-butylene terephthalate). The effect of various titanium derived catalysts on the polycondensation of Bis (HBT) has been studied. The catalytic efficiency of these derivatives is ascribed to their relative hydrolytic stability and the degree of interaction between the carbonyl oxygen and the metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265160
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the PVC chlorination mechanism (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A radiochemical method was used to study PVC chlorination. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on the results obtained from chlorination of 36chlorine labeled PVC. A mechanism was proposed also for chain transfer reaction to polymer in vinyl chloride polymerization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265161
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal acoustic modes in cycloalkanes (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The longitudinal acoustic modes (LAM) of several cycloalkanes ((CH2)14 to (CH2)96) measured by Raman spectroscopy are described. The frequency differences between the LAMs of the cycloalkanes and the corresponding n-alkanes are explained by a simple linear chain model. It is shown that the LAM-modes are practically not affected by the gauche conformations of the two folds in the cyclic molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265162
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuum analysis of a system of many ‘real’ chains confined between a pair of ‘sticky’ surfaces, with application to the ‘sandwich’ model of bulk polymers (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An analysis is made of a system of many interacting chains confined between a pair of surfaces which exert a short range attraction on the chains. The free energy of the system is determined from the partition functions of the confined chains which are, in turn, determined by solutions to the self consistent field form of the diffusion equation with mixed boundary conditions. The incorporation of the analysis into the ‘sandwich’ model of bulk polymers is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265163
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on syntheses and permeabilities of special polymer membranes (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The permeation and separation characteristics of methanol/n-pentanol systems and n-propanol/n-heptane systems through nylon 12 membranes were studied by changing the feed composition of the binary organic mixtures. These characteristics were discussed from the viewpoints of physical and chemical nature of the permeating molecules and the membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265165
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and study of terephthalate copolyester of ethylene glycol and butane-1,4-diol (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Random terephthalate copolyesters of ethylene glycol and butane-1,4-diol of various compositions were prepared by trans-esterification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with butane-1,4-diol (BD). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to elucidate the structure and compositions of copolyesters. The thermal behaviour of the copolyesters were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Intrinsic viscosities were measured in orthochlorophenol at 30°C.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265164
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Cationic modification of polystyrene (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 201-207 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper concerns the cationic modification of polystyrene by the electophilic substitution of polystyrene with S-methylthiocarbcxonium.The substitution is quantitative and gives poly p-(methylthio) carbonylstyrene. After hydrolysis and purification poly (p-carboxystyrene is obtained. The polymers are formed without degradation after this cationic modification.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265166
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C NMR spin-lattice relaxation in solid poly(methyl methacrylate) (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 255-261 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 13C spin-lattice relaxation rates R1 in samples of solid PMMA have been measured with CP MAS NMR. Isotactic, atactic, syndiotactic, and the 1∶2 i-s PMMA complex were measured, along with atactic samples containing bisdioxan or the monomer as a plasticizer. The reorientation of the α-methyl protons is the dominant relaxation source for the methylene, α-methyl and quarternary carbon nuclei. Increased mobility of the polymer in the presence of a plasticizer is not reflected in significant changes in R1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254711
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness and limits of magnetic resonance techniques in the identification of different coordination pathways of the Mn(II) in the presence of biomacromolecules (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 263-269 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance techniques yield important information on different coordination behaviour of Mn(II) in the presence of biomacromolecules. A preliminary study on model systems is necessary to have a deeper insight on dynamics and structural aspects. The EPR technique is not able to identify a binding interaction between Trp and manganous ion when the metal is bonded to the Imidazole. Proton shift NMR studies on the Mn(II)-5′ATP-Imid complex evidenziate a ternary system formation and a stacking interaction between the imidazole-ring and the nucleotide purine-moiety. An EPR and NMR combined analysis on the Mn(II)-5′ATP-Trp system points out a stacking interaction and the simultaneous presence of a covalent binding between the metal ion and the biomolecules. The role of the metal ion to favour this coordination is suggested.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254712
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamical polymer coil overlap observed by NMR on polystyrene chains (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 277-284 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It is shown that the transverse magnetic component of protons bound to polystyrene chains in solutions is sensitive to the slow chain diffusion through entanglements. A theoretical interpretation of the dynamical polymer coil overlap observed by NMR is proposed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254714
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR study of molecular motion in poly(ethylene oxide) (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 271-275 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Proton second moment and spin-lattice relaxation times T1, T1e and T1D for helical poly (ethylene oxide) 5000 over a wide temperature range are measured. The results of CW and pulse experiments corroborate the existence of a motional process in the crystalline region of the polymer interpreted as oscillation or rotation of molecules around their helical axes. The activation energy for this type of motion is found to be 12 kcal/mole.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254713
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    Proton spin-lattice relaxation in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 285-289 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Measurements of proton spin-lattice relaxation time T1 for thylakoid membranes of wheat chloroplast suspensions as a function of proton concentration in solvent are performed. The solvent was a mixture of H2O and D2O. Different contributions to the proton relaxation process due to dipolar interactions are considered. The dipolar interactions p-p′ and p-i between exchangeable protons /p/ of membrane of solvent and non-exchangeable ones of membrane /p′/ and paramagnetic ions /i/ give predominant contribution to the relaxation process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254715
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    Redox 1∶1 alternating copolymerization of cyclic acyl phosphonte with 4,4′-diphenoquinones (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 331-333 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A cyclic phosphonite(1) was copolymerized with 4, 4′-diphenoquinones (2a–2c) to give 1∶1 alternating copolymers (3a–3c) consisting of a carboxylic acid ester and a triaryl phosphonate ester. Copolymerization took place without added initiator. During the reaction 1 was oxidized whereas 2 was reduced (“redox copolymerization”). A mechanism involving a genetic zwitterion intermediate (4) is proposed for the copolymerization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255126
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    Cationic ring-opening polymerization of spirophosphorane, 5-phenyl-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5-phosphaspiro[4,4]nonane (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 325-329 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper reports new cationic ring-opening polymerization of a spirophosphorane, 5-phenyl-1, 4, 6, 9-tetraoxa-5-phosphaspiro (4, 4) nonane, 1. The polymerization of 1. was induced by cationic initiators such as methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (MeOTf), BF3·OEt2, and Et3O+-BF4 − to give polymer 2 consisting of two different units, 2a and 2b. During the reaction cyclic phosphonate 3 and 1,4-dioxane were simultaneously produced. The formation of unit 2b is considered to be due mainly to the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 3.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255125
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    Synthesis and application of fluorine containing graftcopolymers (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 335-340 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Well-defined graftcopolymers were prepared by radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate macromonomer with perfluoroalkyl acrylate. Contact angle of the solvent cast films of poly(methyl methacrylate) containing various amount of the graftcopolymer was measured against water droplet. Addition of 0.2 wt% of the graftcopolymer was sufficient to improve the polymer films to water repellent surfaces, while 10 wt% was necessary to modify the polymer surfaces to the same level of water repellency.
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    The possibility of studying thermal motion correlation by multiple pulse NMR (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 347-354 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary We present the results of a calculation of the spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation for dipolar solid when it is irradiated by the WAHUHA and MREV-8 pulse sequences. The spin-spin relaxation rate which is determined by the second-order dipolar interaction term of the average Hamiltonian depends on thermal motion of four atoms. It has been shown that from the temperature dependence of this relaxation rate the degree of correlated atomic motion can be estimated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255129
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    Determination of polymer crystallinity from proton solid-echo NMR measurements (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 355-360 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The decomposition of the solid-echo curves of crystalline polymers into the crystalline and the amorphous component is discussed. The crystalline component is experimentally determined by using a special method of measurement. The amorphous component is assumed to correspond to a distribution of correlation times.
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    Effect of chemical crosslinking on molecular mobility in swollen polystyrenes (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 341-346 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Proton relaxation time measurements of chemical crosslinked polystyrenes swollen in protonated and deuterated benzene have been done in order to get informations on the microdynamic behaviour of polystyrene as well as of benzene molecules under the influence of the polymeric network. By means of additional T1d-measurements further evidences for a slow anisotropic motion could be obtained, which cause a T2-“plateau” in the high temperature region. The results are compared with those of MAR-experiments.
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    Syntheses of polyamide-poly(methyl methacrylate) graft copolymers by polycondensation reactions of macromonomers (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 361-366 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Dicarboxyl-terminated macromolecular monomers (macromonomers) were synthesized by radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of thiomalic acid as a chain transfer agent. This macromonomer and sebacic acid were condensed with diamines (p,p′-diaminodiphenyl ether, p,p′-diaminodiphenylmethane and m-phenylenediamine) by triphenylphosphitepyridine system. Thus, graft copolyamides of well-defined structure and composition were readily prepared. This is the first example of the polycondensation reactions of macromonomers.
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    1H-NMR/13C-NMR studies of branched structures in PVC obtained at atmospheric pressure (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 367-372 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The 1H-NMR-spectra of raw poly (vinyl chloride) obtained at atmospheric pressure (U-PVC) have revealed the presence of high concentrations of branches. The content of labile chlorine was determined by reaction with phenole in order to estimate the branch points with tertiary chlorine. The branch length of reductively dehalogenated U-PVC by13C-NMR analysis have provided evidence for both short chain branches including chloromethyl groups and 2.4-dichloro-n-butyl groups and long chain branching. For a number of U-polymers the total amount of branching ranges from 7.5 to 13.5/1000 C. The 13C-NMR measurements point to a ratio of methyl/butyl branches of 1 ∶ 1 and short chains/long chains of 6 ∶ 1 .
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    Active transport of alkali metal ion through a membrane composed of gluconolactone-containing polymer (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 373-377 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The membrane composed of gluconolactone-containing polymer was prepared by the following three steps, (1) the copolymerization between acrylonitrile and a styrene derivative carrying a protected glucose substituent, (2) casting a membrane from the DMF solution of the copolymer, and (3) a sequence of reactions for the membrane. It exhibited active transport of Na+ ion against the concentration gradient.
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (Inifers) (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 379-384 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper concerns the synthesis and characterization of new Si-Cl and Si-H end-groups containing polyisobutylenes. The syntheses involved 1) The preparation of polyisobutylenes carrying one or two -CH2C-(CH3)=CH2 termini, ii) Hydrosilylation with H(CH3)2-SiCl, H(CH3)SiCl2, and HSiCl3, and iii) Reduction of the Si-Cl groups to yield the corresponding -Si-H termini. A series of model compounds mimicking the end-groups have been synthesized and employed for end-group characterization. These Si-Cl and Si-H containing mono- and difunctional polyisobutylenes may be useful intermediates for the preparation of block and graft copolymers or for the synthesis of various terminal functional groups.
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    Synthesis and characterisation of poly(N-4'-fluorophenylmethacrylamide) (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 83-87 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The monomer, N-4'-fluorophenylmethacrylamide (FPMA) was polymerized for the first time using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The IR and NMR spectra of FPMA and the polymer, poly(N-4'-fluorophenylmethacrylamide) (PFPMA) are discussed. Viscosity measurements of PFPMA was carried out in dimethylformamide medium at 25°C. The number average molecular weight of PFPMA was determined to be 690 using vapour pressure osmometer. The formation of low molecular weight of PFPMA is explained on the basis of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the monomer.
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    HPLC and C-13 NMR spectroscopy of polymers (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 105-110 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Constitutional and configurational structure of oligomers from poly (styrene) have been determined by joint liquid chromatography and C-13 nmr spectroscopy.
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    On the problem of structural microinhomogeneity of epoxy network polymers (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 119-125 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An increase in light scattering intensity was observed throughout the curing of diepoxides with amines. The value of such an increase depends on the chemical structure of the reagents and on the curing temperature. This phenomenon was explained by polycondensation reaction peculiarities and the glass state transition nature.
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    Behaviour of crosslinked polymers (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 133-139 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For application as components in an adhesive layer in photographic movie-films, five copolymers of methylmethacrylate and butylacrylate each with a different multifunctional comonomer, have been synthetized. Depending on the copolymerizability of the multifunctional comonomers, adhesive layers with different mechanical properties were obtained. An approach towards an explanation for the diverging results from swelling and modulus measurements was worked out.
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    Network formation during styrene-divinylbenzene copolymerization investigated by the fluorescence polarization method (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 141-148 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary If styrene-divinylbenzene copolymerization is performed at certain conditions of network formation, regions of relative high segmental density may occur. The segmental density can be monitored directly by the microstructure sensitive fluorescence polarization method. Measurements were made in the pre- and post-gel state at various degrees of conversion depending on the initial composition of the reaction mixture. The results, particularly in situations of high crosslinker content support the currently used models of network formation mechanisms during crosslinking copolymerization.
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    Synthesis and polymerization of p-bromomethylstyrene and p-lodomethylstyrene (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 577-582 
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    Notes: Summary Synthesis of p-bromomethylstyrene (3) and p-iodome-thylstyrene (4) is reported. 3 was obtained by the bromomethylation of 2-phenylethyl bromide followed by dehydrobromination of the resultant p-(2-bromoethyl) benzyl bromide (2) with t-BuOK, as well as by cleaving p-vinyl-benzyl methanosulfonate with LiBr in the presence of 18--crown-6. 4 was obtained from p-chloromethylstyrene (1) via the Finkelstein reaction. 3 was polymerized successfully in the presence of free-radical initiators, but 4 was found to be too unstable to give a well-defined polymer.
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    Synthesis of aromatic-aliphatic polyamides containing azo linkage (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 417-424 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two inherently coloured polyamides containing aromatic azo unit in their backbone were synthesised from 4,4′-diaminoazobenzene (1) and two aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides (2a, 2b) using N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) as solvents by the low temperature solution polycondensation method. The polymers were characterised by inherent viscosity, solubility, infra-red and UV-visible spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polymers was carried out to study polymer stability.
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    GPC calibration for poly(methyl acrylate) (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 429-435 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The methods of GPC calibration proposed by WEISS and COHN Ginsberg (1969) and by MAHABADI and O'DRISCOLL (1977) has been applied. Their restriction and a possibility to overcome it has been demonstrated.
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    Fine structural characteristics and physical properties of raw silk (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 437-441 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The theories of KRATKY, DEBYE and BUESCHE and POROD have been applied to evaluate macromolecular parameters which speak of the fine structural characteristics of raw silk — a natural polymer in the solid state. The small-angle KRATKY camera has been utilised for the measurements of the scattering intensities. The macromolecular parameters evaluated are the percentage of void (w1), the specific inner surface (O/V), length of coherence (1c), range of inhomogeneity (1r), transversal length −s − $$\bar l_l$$ and $$\bar l_2$$ which were found to be equal to 0.13%, 25.15 × 10−4 Å−1, 21.84 Å, 2.11 Å, 1.59 × 103 Å and 2.11 Å respectively The physical properties as evaluated by Scott's IP2 Tester have been reported.
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    Introduction of functional groups to polyalanine and alanine by contact glow discharge electrolysis (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 451-456 
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    Notes: Summary The alanine residue of poly-DL-alanine (DP=120) was converted to Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu and Gly residues by means of contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) in a formic and an acetic acid solution. The total conversion of alanine residues to other amino acid residues was almost 20%.
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    Inter-versus intramolecular oligomerization of nitrile groups in polyacrylonitrile (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 457-461 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Experimental evidence is presented indicating that intermolecular oligomerization of CN groups (leading to crosslinked structures) takes place, and possibly has an even greater importance than the intramolecular reaction (leading to “ladder polymer”), at higher temperatures. The easy, quasi “built-in” crosslinking upon heat treatment is considered the most significant single feature with regard to making polyacrylonitrile and its copolymers unique among synthetic polymers as a carbon fiber precursor.
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    Grafting onto wool (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 635-640 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to study the role of -SH group of wool in graft copolymerization, an attempt has been made to study grafting of acrylic acid (AAc) onto reduced wool in aqueous medium using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as redox initiator. HNO3 was found to catalyze the graft copolymerization. Reduction of wool was effected with thioglycolic acid (TGA) in aqueous medium. Percentage of grafting was determined as a function of concentration of (i) CAN, (ii) vinyl monomer (AAc), (iii) nitric acid, (iv) time and (v) temperature. Under optimum conditions, poly-(acrylic acid) was grafted to the reduced wool to the extent of 9.14%, the unreduced wool under optimum conditions afforded maximum grafting of poly(AAc) to the extent of 12.24%. Reduction of wool does not promote grafting of AAc in the presence of CAN.
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    Polyoxalactones and their cationic complexes (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 645-651 
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    Notes: Summary Some polyoxalactones were synthesised from the dichlorides of glycolic acids and polyethyleneglycoles in the presence of pyridine. The polyoxalactones were also complexed with some of alkaline and alkaline earth salts and quite stable polyoxalactone-salt complexes were obtained including the Ca++ cation. Complexes obtained exhibited mostly 1∶1 type of complex stoichiometry regardles from radius of the cation and the nature of lactone ring.
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    Reactivity of 6-methyl and 4,7-dimethyl indene in cationic polymerization (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 669-675 
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    Notes: Summary The reactivity ratios of 6-methyl and 4,7-dimethyl indene were determined with respect to styrene, at various temperatures, and the relative activation parameters calculated and discussed.
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    Correction (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 683-683 
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    News from our polymer science publications (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 684-684 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    A new method for data evaluation of small angle neutron scattering experiments and its application to amorphous polycarbonate (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 687-691 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The conformation of single chains in bulk polymer materials can be evaluated from coherent neutron scattering on mixtures of normal and deuterated polymers. It is shown that the single-chain structure factor can be also obtained from measurements of highly concentrated mixtures and the procedure of evaluation is described. The application to amorphous polycarbonate demonstrates the advantages of the method.
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    Intermediate angle scattering functions and local chain configurations of semicrystalline and amorphous polymers (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 693-698 
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    Notes: Summary Molecular scattering functions at intermediate scattering vectors, of μ=(4π/λ sinϑ/2) in the range 0.03 to 1.0Å−1, are found to be extremely sensitive to the local configurations of polymer chains in both semicrystalline and amorphous states. Available experimental results of intermediate angle neutron scattering (IANS) from melt-crystallized polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene provide compelling evidence that adjacent re-entry is rare. The rotational isomeric state model satisfactorily accounts for IANS and chain dimensions of polycarbonate in the amorphous state.
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    Effect of spacer on the isomerization of bound azobenzene in soluble polymers (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 711-715 
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    Notes: Summary Two polymerizable derivatives of 4-aminoazobenzene, viz., 4-methacryloylaminoazobenzene (MA-AAB) and 4-(12-methacryloylaminododecanoyl) aminoazobenzene (MA-12-AAB) were prepared and copolymerized with methacrylic acid (MA) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA). The cis-trans thermal isomerization of these copolymers was investigated as a function of temperature, side chain length and character of the polymer carrier.
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    Aldehyde functionalization of styrene polymers (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 731-733 
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    Notes: Summary Two methods of the introduction of aldehyde group into polystyrene skeleton are described.
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    Copolymerization of isobutene with trans-1,3,5-hexatriene (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 735-742 
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    Notes: Summary The cationic copolymerization of isobutene (I) and trans-1,3,5-hexatriene (HT) at low temperature occurs randomly (rI=0.59, rHT=1.57). The prevalent 1,6-opening of the triconjugated system of HT was ascertained mainly by 1H- and 13C-NMR analysis. The formation of gelled products was avoided by working in a homogeneous medium and the cyclization of the triene units by copolymerizing I and HT in bulk.
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    Copolymerization of isobutene with 2,4,6-octatriene and other triconjugated trienes (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 743-750 
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    Notes: Summary The cationic homogeneous Copolymerization at low temperature of 2,4,6-octatriene (OT), 1,3,5-heptatriene (HPT), 2,5-dimethyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DMH) and alloocimene (AO) with isobutene (I) was performed and the structure of the resulting copolymers examined spectroscopically. OT reacted mainly by 2,7-opening of the triene system yielding soluble copolymers with block character and containing a low amount of cyclized units. Soluble I-HPT copolymers containing 2–4 mol % of conjugated double bonds were obtained. DMH alway gave insoluble copolymers and only traces of conjugated unsaturations were found in I-AO copolymer.
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    Copolymerization of ethylene with propylene over the thermally-reduced γ-Al2O3-supported TiCl4 catalyst (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 157-164 
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    Notes: Summary Copolymerization of ethylene with propylene was conducted over the thermally-reduced γ-Al2O3-supported TiCl4 catalyst both in the absence or presence of AlEt3 (or AlEt2Cl). It was found that the structure of the polymer drastically changed from a random copolymer to polyethylene with an increase in the concentration of AlEt3. A plausible mechanism was proposed for the copolymerization.
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    Crystallization of polymers in the presence of electric fields (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 171-177 
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of the external constant and alternating electric field on the crystallization from melt has been studied for poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(vinylidene fluoride). No real effect has been found. The orientation of crystals due to the external constant electric field has been established in one of the two liquid crystal polymers studied. The results point out that the external electric field could only influence the crystallization of species having very large resultant dipole moment.
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    Cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenyl-1,3,6,2-trioxaphosphocane (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 185-191 
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    Notes: Summary The ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenyl-1,3,-6,2-trioxaphosphocane (4), an eight-membered cyclic phosphonite, has been investigated. Cationic initiators of PhCH2-Cl and MeOTf gave polymers, whereas anionic and radical initiators did not yield polymer. The structure of polymer was examined by IR, 1H, 31P, and 31C NMR spectroscopy of polymers and elemental analysis as well as the alkaline hydrolysis products. The polymer consisted of two different units, i.e., the major part is the “normal” phosphinate structure 5 and the minor part is the isomerized unit 6 in 7% with PhCH2Cl initiation and in 34% with MeOTf initiator. The difference in nature of propagating species from these two initiators are discussed in connection with their reactivities.
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    Synthesis of monocarboxylic polyoxyethylenes (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 205-210 
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    Notes: Summary The various methods of synthesis which can be used to prepare ω-carboxy polyoxyethylenes are reviewed. The synthesis and the purification of α-methoxy ω-carboxy polyoxyethylenes ( $$\overline {Mn} \simeq 1000$$ ) are reported. The process consists of the reaction of halogenoacetic acids with an α-methoxy ω-sodium hydroxylate polyoxyethylene followed by a purification by extraction. α ,ω-dimethoxy and α-methoxy ω-ethyl carboxylate polyoxyethylenes were synthesized.
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    Treatment of wood pulp with nitrogen dioxide before oxygen bleaching (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 219-223 
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    Notes: Summary Pretreatment of kraft pulp with nitrogen dioxide and oxygen before conventional oxygen bleaching with magnesium sulfate as protector leads to markedly decreased lignin contents after a given duration of the oxygen bleaching. An increased temperature during the pretreatment favours the delignification. The most striking effect of the pretreatment is that it leads to a suppressed rate of depolymerization of the cellulose during the oxygen bleaching.
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    Spin label studies of poly(phenylvinyl alkyl thioethers)-co-maleic anhydride in different solvents (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 513-520 
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    Notes: Summary Alternating copolymers of poly(phenylvinyl alkyl thioethers) and maleic anhydride covalently labeled with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-oxyl and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine-1-oxyl free radicals in different solvents were investigated. The alkyl groups were Me, Et, sec-Bu and n-Bu. The rotational correlation times, τ R, characterizing the rate of rotation of spin label, are not significantly affected by the alkyl group at low solvent concentration. However, at higher dilution (above Tg) τ R is increasing with the increased bulkiness of the alkyl group. The motion of the two spin labels attached to the copolymer segment through different chemical linkage and an implication on the effective correlation time was discussed.
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    Alternating copolymers of dimethylmaleic anhydride (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 521-527 
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    Notes: Summary Copolymerization of 2, 3-dimethylmaleic anhydride was accomplished with vinyl ethers, particularly n-butylvinyl ether and isobutyl-vinyl ether and gave exactly alternating copolymers in all proportions of feed comonomer compositions. 2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride has not yet been copolymerized with vinyl comonomers with less electron donating properties.
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    Living polymerization of lactams and synthesis of monodisperse polyamides (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 529-534 
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    Notes: Summary For the first time, a living lactam polymerization was proved by choosing the proper type of polymerization, lactam, growth center as well as initiator. The anionic polymerization of the disubstituted four-membered lactam (I) initiated with its lithium salt in the presence of the N-pivaloyl derivative of I acting as the growth center yielded almost monodisperse polymers of I. Subsequent additions of monomer I increased the molecular weight proportionally without appreciable changes of the MWD and number of polymer molecules.
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    New sulfur-containing polymers (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 335-341 
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    Notes: Summary The polymerization of 2-(3-mercaptophenyl)propene (3) and 1-(4-mercaptophenyl)propene (4) was studied. The polymerization proceeds by an Anti-Markovnikov addition of the SH-group to the C=C-bond.
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    Experimental study of stress-relaxation behaviour of polycarbonate after yielding (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 351-356 
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    Notes: Summary The viscoelastic behaviour of a bisphenol A polycarbonate after yielding is described by means of empirical superposition of coordinates along both time and stress axis, which allow collecting stress relaxation data, taken both in tension and in compression, into a master curve.
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    Diffusion and intermolecular reaction rates of end-labeled polystyrenes in polymer networks studied with triplet probe (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 369-374 
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    Notes: Summary The effect of chemical network on the diffusion and reaction rates of end-labeled polystyrenes in semidilute region has been measured by phosphorescence quenching technique with a 10-ns nitrogen-laser pulse, and is discussed in comparison with the results for linear polystyrene solution. The quenching rates between end-labeled polymers in semidilute region are influenced much by the formation of chemical crosslinks between the inert polymer chains.
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    Determination of the microstructure of poly(methyl α-fluoroacrylate) by NMR spectroscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 391-397 
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    Notes: Summary The 300 MHz pmr, 282 MHz fmr and 20 MHz cmr spectra of poly (methyl α-fluoroacrylate) that was prepared by free radical initiated polymerization have been recorded. They indicate the polymer to have a Bernoullian distribution of stereosequences, with σ = P(m) = 0.41. Pentad stereosequence distributions were measurable from the 282 MHz fmr spectra of this polymer, but only dyad and triad distributions could be determined from the pmr and cmr spectra, respectively.
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    The high temperature dispersion in rubbers (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 399-405 
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    Notes: Summary Results obtained by measuring dielectric absorption spectra in a 10−3 up to 107 Hz frequency region as well as depolarisation currents, showing the existence of a high-temperature maximum in both natural and synthetic cis-1, 4-polyisoprene, are given. The influence exerted by the network density and the degree of quenching of the sample upon this maximum is explained by the orientation of the microblock arrangements in the polymer.
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    Correction (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 421-421 
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    Plasma-induced polymerization (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 415-419 
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    Notes: Summary Plasma-induced low conversion bulk homopolymerization of styrene was studied at room temperature. Experimental data show that a self-acceleration process, appearing due to the existence of very high molecular weight macromolecular chains, has to be considered for a kinetic approach. The presence of oxygen in the reaction milieu increases the molecular weight.
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    Copolymerization of N-tert-butyl acrylamide with acrylonitrile and with methyl methacrylate (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 425-427 
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    Notes: Summary The reactivity ratios for the radical Copolymerization of N-tert-butyl acrylamide with acrylonitrile and with methyl methacrylate were determined at 60°C.
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (inifers) (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 445-450 
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    Notes: Summary Novel oxycarbonyl isocyanate telechelic polyisobutylenes have been prepared by conversion of hydroxylterminated polyisobutylenes with N-chlorocarbonyl isocyanate. This reaction is free from side-reactions and provides highly reactive isocyanate-terminated polyisobutylene prepolymers. Conversion of these prepolymers with glycol, urea, pentaerythritol, and polyethylene glycol led to linear chain extension, crosslinking, and multiblock copolymer formation, respectively.
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    Studies on the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate in benzene, chlorobenzene and ethyl acetate by 1H NMR spectroscopy (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 451-458 
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    Notes: Summary Polymerizations of vinyl acetate were carried out with AIBN in benzene, chlorobenzene and ethyl acetate, and the resultant polymers were analyzed for terminal group by using 1H NMR technique. The results revealed that a part of the polymer molecules prepared in aromatic solvent contained one solvent fragment at the chain end, indicating the incorporation of aromatic molecule through the chain transfer reaction and not by the copolymerization. It was found that there existed at least 0.7 branching per a molecule in the polymer prepared in ethyl acetate, whereas almost no branching in the polymer prepared in aromatic solvents.
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    Diffusion phenomena of small molecules in polyelectrolyte solutions (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 35-39 
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    Notes: Summary From diffusion data of xylose in poly (acrylic acid) and in poly(sodium acrylate) aqueous solutions, the behaviour of these polymers in solution is discussed. When these polyelectrolytes are ionized and expanded in water, consequently, the diffusion phenomena of xylose in these solutions follows the theory of linear macromolecules in solution. When NaCl is added in poly (acrylic acid) solution, the polymer chain contracts and becomes spherical. Therefore, xylose cannot pass through the polymer domain. With poly(sodium acrylate), however, an effect of salt has not been found. Furthermore, effects of neutralization are discussed.
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    Quasielastic light scattering measurements of self-diffusion and mutual diffusion in gelatin solutions and gels (1981)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 13-19 
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    Revisal of the chain equilibration process in strained polymer melts (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 541-546 
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    Notes: Summary The retraction of stretched molecules explains the intermediate step of relaxation observed at short times with strained polymer melts instead of a single rubberlike plateau. The stress relaxation following a rapid deformation is derived in this zone of the spectrum from the non linear, quasi elastic response of the transient network formed by the system of entangled chains. This method corrects an approximate calculation of the modulus decline in DOI's original treatment of the molecular equilibration process.
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    Formation of aldonic acid end groups during NO2/O2 treatment and alkali cooking of wood meal (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 547-552 
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    Notes: Summary The increased carbohydrate yield after NaOH cooking of wood resulting from NO2/O2 pretreatment is related to the oxidation of reducing sugar end groups to aldonic acid groups during both the pretreatment and the subsequent alkali cook. This leads to a suppressed end-wise degradation during the alkali cook, reflected in a lowered formation of 3-deoxyaldonic and 2-C-methylglyceric acid end groups in competing reactions.
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    Alkali catalysed curing of starch-melamine resin systems (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 553-558 
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    Notes: Summary The curing process in starch adhesives modified with melamine resin can take place by co-condensation or self-condensation. A high degree of co-condensation is required to provide a good water resistance of a cured glue joint. This can be attained by using melamine resins with a high concentration of hydroxymethylamino groups. The reduced effect of the adhesive on storage is due to a degradation of the melamine resin through the elimination of formaldehyde.
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    Raman spectrum of the high pressure phase of polyethylene (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 559-564 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The Raman spectrum of the hexagonal high pressure phase of polyethylene was measured at 5.2 kbar and 240 °C, using a hydrostatic high pressure cell. The spectrum is largely identical to that obtained for the melt. This result indicates that the conformational short range order in the hexagonal phase remains melt —like and is not modified by the overall straightening of chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256379
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  • 86
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    Reactive polymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 565-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It has been found that the three-phase heterogeneous reaction of propane sultone with hydrolyzed macroporous glycidylmethacrylate copolymers in an aqueous alkaline medium proceeds to a higher degree in presence of phase transfer catalyst. The best results were obtained using tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydroxide. An important finding is the increase in the degree of transformation of the reaction in flow arrangement compared with the batch procedure. The influence of phase transfer catalyst is also more effective. The reaction is discussed with respect to the properties of the products, i.e. of the overall and surface contents of groups introduced into the reaction, of the specific surface area and specific pore volume of sulfopropylated copolymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256380
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  • 87
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    The polymerization of isobutylene with VCl4 and ammonia (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 571-576 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The initiation effect of ammonia on the polymerization of isobutylene in the presence of VCl4 has been revealed. The polymerizations were carried out in the dark without solvent and in heptane solution in the temperature range between 263 and 198 K, where the molecular weight of the polymer increased linearly with decreasing temperature (log Mη against 1/T). The polymer yield depended on the molar ratio of ammonia to VCl4 and was highest at 1∶1, but the polymerizations proceeded also at a molar ratio higher than 1. At NH3/VCl4 = 1 the polymerization rate increased with VCl4 concentration and with decreasing temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255157
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  • 88
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctionalinitiator-transfer agents (inifers) (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 135-141 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary New acryl and methacryl telechelic polyisobutylenes, where R=H or CH3, have been prepared. The syntheses involved reactions between α,ω-di (hydroxy)polyisobutylene, HOCH2-PIB-CH2OH and excess acryloyl or methacryloyl chloride. Model studies coupled with H1 NMR and IR spectroscopic analyses of the products indicate quantitative introduction of two termini per polyisobutylene chain. These prepolymers may be useful for the synthesis of a variety of new composites containing a soft polyisobutylene segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00956279
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  • 89
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    Spin trapping study on addition reaction of organic radicals to methyl methacrylate and methyl tiglate (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 143-146 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The addition reaction of the radicals formed from 2,2∢zobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN), diisopropyloxydicarbonate(DISOP), or benzoyl peroxide(BPO) to methyl methacrylate-β-d2(MMA-β-d2) or methyl tiglate(MTA) has been investigated at 30°C by the spin trapping technique. The tail and head addition of the radicals were detected for MMA-β-d2, and only the tail addition was observed for MTA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00956280
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  • 90
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    Characterization and degradation of poly(vinyl chloride-g-lsobutylene) carrying tertiary chlorine and cyclopentadienyl branch termini (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 155-162 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly(vinyl chloride-g-isobutylene)s have been synthetized by using PVC backbones containing relatively high concentration of allylic chlorines [PVC(A)] in conjunction with BCl3 coinitiator. Since graft-termination occurs by ion-collapse, graft copolymers with tertiary chlorine branch termini [PVC(A)-g-PIB-Cl] were formed. The presence of terminal tertiary chlorines has been demonstrated by degradation and cyclopentadienylation experiments. UV-visible spectra of ungrafted and grafted PVC(A) , molecular weight data, and branching frequency as a function of concentration of allylic chlorines indicate chain transfer to polyenes. Thermal and thermooxidative stability of PVC(A) increases upon grafting due to the replacement of allylic chlorines by PIB branches. The introduction of highly oxidizable Cp groups in PVC(A)-g-PIB-Cl by Me2CpAl-treatment decreases the thermooxidative stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00956282
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  • 91
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    Effect of copper chelates on U.V. stability of butyl rubber and SBR rubber (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 175-181 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An investigation of the photo-oxidative degradation and stabilization of IIR and SBR in the temperature range of 258 to 313°K in air with a monochromatic light of 366 nm in the absence and presence of various concentrations of the different copper chelates has been described. The stabilizer performance in IIR and SBR was accessed by carbonyl index and quantum yield measurements. The changes of IIR and SBR during the irradiation with an ultra-violet light (366 nm) have been conducted by viscometrically and actinometric techniques. Irradiations were conducted on the films at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 hours and various parameters were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00956285
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  • 92
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    Kinetic study on radical polymerization with consideration of reversibility of propagation reaction (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 189-194 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Kinetic equation of radical polymerization was derived by considering reversibility of propagation reaction. After polymerization for a certain polymerization time, the concentration of the monomer remained, [M]t, was found to be expressed by the initial monomer concentration, [m]0, and the equilibrium monomer concentration, [M]e; [M]t = [M]0exp(-ABt) + [M]e(1 − exp(-ABt)) Where t denotes the polymerization time, and A and B are constants depending on polymerization conditions. The kinetic equation derived was applied to radical polymerizations of phenyl methacrylate and o-sec-butylphenyl methacrylate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00956287
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  • 93
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    Terephthalate copolyesters of ethylene glycol and propane-1,3-diol (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 195-200 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Terephthalate copolyesters of ethylene glycol and propane-1,3-diol of various compositions were prepared by trans-esterification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with propane-1,3-diol [PrG(1,3)] . The compositions of the coDolyesters were determined by1H NMR. The melting and crystallization temperatures were measured by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Intrinsic viscosities were measured in orthochlorophenol at 30°C.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00956288
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  • 94
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    1H-NMR of the amidation of syndiotactic poly(methacrylic acid) with carbodiimide (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1981), S. 201-207 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The reaction of syndiotactic poly(methacrylic acid) with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of benzylamine yields syndiotactic methacrylic acid-methacryloyl-N-benzylamide copolymers. A limiting conversion to amide of about 62% and a tendency of alternation for the monomer units is observed by1H-NMR. The amidation is accompanied by the formation of a smaller amount of cyclic imide as a side reaction. The imide portion can also be transformed into amide by a consecutive hydrolysis step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00956289
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  • 95
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    Coordination polymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 243-249 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chelate polymers obtained from bis(2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) M2+ (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) with organic acid chlorides were synthesized and characterized by elemental a-nalysis, magnetic and electric measurements, spectral and thermogravimetric studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255393
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  • 96
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    Macromer copolymerization reactivity ratio determined by GPC analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 235-241 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this paper is decribed a new method for determining copolymerization reactivity ratios r by using high resolution gel permation chromatography. The system of monomers is a new one involving a macromer. Separation of each monomer, copolymer and solvent allows calculation of concentration of reactants and products, so as the copolymer molecular weight distribution. Three different methods were used to interprete copolymerization experiments, at various feed compositions, and in function of conversion, in minimizing errors on peak surface area. The conventional methods were used to calculate r and evaluate their accuracies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255392
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  • 97
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    Synthesis of statistical polydiene networks by reaction of liquid polyenes with telechelic siloxanes (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 251-257 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present investigation concerns the synthesis of statistical networks similar to vulcanized rubber. We have used liquid precursor polymers: polybutadiene (PB) and polyisoprene (PI) with telechelic siloxanes. The reactivity of the polydienes can be classified as follows: PB units 1,2 ⋙ PI units 3,4 ⋙ PI units 1,4 ≃ 0. The network formation is a function of the ratio R = nb, of pendent double bonds/nb. of ≃ SiH. For R ≃ 1 the networks are rather hard and brittle, for 8 ⩽ R ⩽ 10 they are soft and elastic, whereas for R ≃ 16 the gels obtained are very soft and sticky.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255394
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  • 98
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    Disodium tetracarbonylferrate (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The replacement of the chlorine atoms of chloromethylated polystyrenes by carboxyl groups via reaction with disodium tetracarbonylferrate and subsequent treatment with an oxidizing agent is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255401
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  • 99
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    Monolayers from synthetic glycolipids (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Synthetic glycolipids have been prepared by coupling of (a) aliphatic amines with lactone derivatives, or (b) fatty acids with amino derivatives of mono- and disaccharides via amide linkage. The aliphatic chain was varied with respect to the chain length and to its chemical composition (fluorination, functional end group). The influence of the glycolipid structure on the monolayer properties was investigated. Stable films are obtained with most of the products mainly due to strong interactions by hydrogen bonds in the subphase. Polymeric films may be produced by polycondensation in the subphase using particular crosslinking agents for the carbohydrate head group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255402
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  • 100
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    Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 309-314 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Electro-optical behaviour of a liquid crystalline polymer- poly{1-[6-[4-N-(4-cyanophenyl)iminomethylphenoxy] hexyloxycarbonyl] ethylene}- is studied A sharp change of the optical properties measufred in crossed polarizers under the cooling of the preliminary oriented sample in an electric field is observed. The effect is explained from the viewpoint of the electric field induced cooperative structure transition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255403
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