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  • Springer  (314.761)
  • 1990-1994  (314.761)
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 923-943 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The technique of model-building a protein of known sequence but unknown tertiary structure from the structures of homologous proteins is probably so far the most reliable means of mapping from primary to tertiary structure. A key step towards the realization of the aim is to develop ways of aligning three-dimensional structures of homologus proteins, thereby deriving the rules useful for protein modelling. We have developed a generalized differential-geometric representation of protein local conformation for use in a protein comparison program which aligns protein sequences on the basis of their sequence and conformational knowledge. Because the differetial-geometric distance measure between local conformations is independent of the coordinate frame and remains chirality information, the comparison program is easily implemented, relatively rational and reasonably fast. The utility of this program for aligning closely and distantly related homologous proteins is demonstrated by multiple alignment of globins, serine proteinases and aspartic proteinase domains. Particularly, the method has reached the rational alignment between the mammalian and microbial serine proteinases as compared with many published alignment programs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 945-957 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract New formulas for deriving the sensitivities of stable stage structures and reproductive values to changes in vital rates are presented. They enable comparison of the sensities to changes of different elements in the projection matrix; in other words, comparison of partial derivatives of the eigenvectors. These kinds of sensitivities can be used in applied problems such as an analysis of the effect of harvesting on the population structure. However, in this paper, we examine the application of the sensitivities in a more general ecological context. We investigate why the stable stage structure of the mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi, changes very little in the temperature interval 10–30°C. The sensitivities of the stable stage structure at 15°C and 25°C were derived. The character of the sensitivites were the same in both temperatures although the stage structure was more sensitive to changes at 15°C than at 25°C. The sensitivity analysis also revealed that the temperature variation results in changes in fecundity and developmental rate that have a counteractive effect on the population structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 981-998 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Plankton populations undergo dramatic surges. Rapid increases and decreases by a factor of 10 or more are observed, often separated by relatively stable interludes. We propose a description of plankton communities as excitable systems. In particular, we present a model for the evolution of phytoplankton and zooplankton populations which resembles models for the behaviour of excitable media. The parameter dependency of the various “excitable” phenomena, trigger mechanism, threshold, and slow recovery, is clear, and permits ready investigation of the influence of properties of the physical environment, including variations in nutrient fluxes, temperature or pollution levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 959-980 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Analysis schemes for the classification of synergism and antagonism for mixed agents operate on the discrepancies between observed and calculated results. As such they cannot be confirmed by experiments and therefore have to be tested in terms of mathematical and logical self-consistency. The concept of independent action is close to the literal meaning of the term “non-interaction”. Since this concept does not depend on the mechanisms of actions nor on the type of effect scale used, it is suitable as one of the basic criterion for the definition of synergism and antagonism. A general mathematical framework of independent action is presented in this paper based on the concept of “relative effect” as used in the literature. The, different equations for independent action currently used in various areas are shown to be manifestations, of a general formula under different sets of boundary conditions, which are the natural limiting values of the effects of the corresponding system observed at low and at high doses of the agents. The framework can, be generalized to the combined action ofn-agents as well as to the interaction of an agent with itself. In addition, the differential form of the formula for independent action is derived. This framework of systematic definitions and derived equations enable a more in-depth study of the implications of the concept of independent action and its relation to other concepts of non-interaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 999-1008 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 1009-1040 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We model how auto-reactiveB cells are kept under control by an idiotypic network. Autoimmunity occurs when the control is broken by an infection or not achieved through an abnormal ontogenetic evolution. We describe the idiotypic network, viz., the central immune system, by idiotype-anti-idiotype pairs which are coupled to a set of highly connected clones, which interact with each clone of the network. Some clones of the central immune system recognize self-antigen. We find a huge variety of fixed points which can be classified as tolerant, autoimmune, and neutral states according to the concentration of the auto-reactive antibody. Most significant are auto-reactive clones which are a member of an idiotype-anti-idiotype pair. In a healthy individual, an autoimmune disease is induced by an antigen infection which triggers a transition from a tolerant to an autoimmune state. Autoimmunity is induced more readily by an antigen coupling to theanti-idiotype than by one interacting with the auto-reactive clone itself. We indicate a possible therapy which simply reverses the processes that have lead to the autoimmune disease. In the early development of the central immune system its highly connected, core part serves to draw the more specific clones of idiotype-anti-idiotype pairs into the network. In order to avoid autoimmunity in ontogenetic evolution the anti-idiotype of an auto-reactive clone must be formed in advance by a sufficiently long period of time. Thus, a well ordered succession of the appearance of the more specific clones is required.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 1121-1141 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A method of dimensionless time-scaling based on extrinsic expectation of life at birth but intrinsic to a system generating a survival distribution is introduced. Such scaling allows the survival fraction function and its associated mortality function to serve as Green's functions for their generalized equivalents. i.e. a “population” function and a “death” function. The analytical mechanics of utilizing these concepts are formulated, applied to the classical Gompertz and Weibull survival models, and discussed with respect to biological relevance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 1095-1119 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract It is now widely accepted that localized high concentrations of Ca2+ (Ca2+ domains) play a major role in controlling the time course of neurotransmitter release. In the present work we calculate the magnitude and the time course of Ca2+ domains that evolve in the vicinity of a Ca2+ channel and an adjacent release site. In the calculations we consider a accurately dimensioned Ca2+ channel. Moreover, the Ca2+ current is continuously adjusted with regard to the accumulated intracellular Ca2+ and, in addition, endogenous buffers are considered. The calculations, carried out by the software FIDAP, based on finite element method, show that the Ca2+ concentrations achieved near the release sites are significantly lower than claimed by other investigators. Furthermore, we present arguments indicating that the Ca2+ domains, regardless of their magnitude, do not play a role in controlling the time course of release of neurotransmitter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 1041-1093 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Mammalian white blood cells are known to bias the direction of their movement along concentration gradients of specific chemical stimuli, a phenomenon called chemotaxis. Chemotaxis of leukocyte cells is central to the acute inflammatory response in living organisms and other critical physiological functions. On a molecular level, these cells sense the stimuli termed chemotactic factor (CF) through specific cell surface receptors that bind CF molecules. This triggers a complex signal transduction process involving intracellular biochemical pathways and biophysical events, eventually leading to the observable chemotactic response. Several investigators have shown theoretically that statistical fluctuations in receptor binding lead to “noisy” intracellular signals, which may explain the observed imperfect chemotactic response to a CF gradient. The most recent dynamic model (Tranquillo and Lauffenburger,J. Math. Biol. 25, 229–262. 1987) couples a scheme for intracellular signal transduction and cell motility response with fluctuations in receptor binding. However, this model employs several assumptions regarding receptor dynamics that are now known to be oversimplifications. We extend the earlier model by accounting for several known and speculated chemotactic receptor dynamics, namely, transient G-protein signaling, cytoskeletal association, and receptor internalization and recycling, including statistical fluctuations in the numbers of receptors among the various states. Published studies are used to estimate associated constants and ensure the predicted receptor distribution is accurate. Model analysis indicates that directional persistence in uniform CF concentrations is enhanced by increasing rate constants for receptor cytoskeletal inactivation, ternary complex dissociation, and binary complex dissociation, and by decreasing rate constants for receptor internalization and recycling. For most rate constants, we have detected an optimal range that maximizes orientation bias in CF gradients. We have also examined different desensitization and receptor recycling mechanisms that yield experimentally documented orientation behavior. These yield novel insights into the relationship between receptor dynamics and leukocyte chemosensory movement behavior.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 1143-1162 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Given two independent sequences of letters, we seek the probability distribution of the length of the longest matching word. This word can be in different positions in the two sequences and we consider both perfect and nearly perfect matching. We derive bounds and approximations for the probability and compare them with other bounds and approximations. The results can be applied to DNA sequences in molecular biology and generalized matching between two independent random sequences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 56 (1994), S. 1163-1172 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
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    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 12 (1993), S. 153-154 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Once designed, implementation of an optimal mean-square binary morphological filter is extremely fast, especially when the erosions are implemented on a suitable parallel processor. On the other hand, optimal filter design involes a computationally burdensome search procedure that can, in practice, be intractable. The present paper provides an algorithm for filter design that is based on the relationship between the optimal morphological filter and the conditional expectation. The algorithm proceeds by changing the conditional expectation into a morphological filter while at the same time increasing the mean-square error by a minimal amount. It does so by switching observations between the 1-set and the 0-set of the conditional expectation. The switching algorithm is extremely efficient in many noise environments, and therefore provides a filter design that can be useful for online structuring-element updating. Owing to the relationship between stack and morphological filters, the algorithm is at once useful for finding optimal binary stack filters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 273-293 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A basic control engineer's adage-the poles of a feedback compensator become zeros of the closed-loop system-admits difficulties of interpretation even in the most simple of cases; that of single-input, single-output. An earlier investigation has provided an analysis of this adage in a module-theoretic context for systems in state space form while avoiding restrictive assumptions on system minimality or squareness. The main result is expressed concisely in terms of an exact sequence of modules which include Ω-zero modules corresponding to the feedback system and the plant. Extended zero modules of Ω-type incorporate both finite invariant zero structure, and generic zero information which occurs when a system fails to be right-invertible. In the case of compensation in the feedback path, this main exact sequence reduces to a mathematically clear expression of the aforementioned adage: the Ω-zero module of the feedback system is precisely the direct sum of the Ω-zero module of the plant and the system pole module of the feedback compensator. This paper extends the previous work in order to avoid assumptions on causality in the plant. Implicit dynamical systems are employed, in lieu of systems in state space form. Once again, it is not assumed that the system is one-to-one or onto; and so the concepts of generic zeros and their modules are brought into the arena of implicit systems. The implicit system itself is assumed in this work to be regular; however, decoupling zeros are permitted. Moreover, input-decoupling zeros and system pole feedback relationships are considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
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    Digitale Medien
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 387-388 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 116
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    Digitale Medien
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 373-384 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract When the problem is considered of obtaining a periodic description in state-space form of a linear process which can be modelled by linear difference equations with periodic coefficients, it is natural to ask whether it is possible to preliminarily derive a polynomial equivalent form of such equations, which in the periodic case plays a role similar to the Rosenbrock's polynomial matrix description of a linear time-invariant process. In this paper a polynomial time-invariant description of a linear periodic process is introduced. It is shown that such a polynomial description gives a simple characterization of the dimension of the space of the solutions corresponding to the null input function, i.e., of the order of the periodic model under consideration. In addition, it allows us to introduce a transfer matrix for the computation of the output responses corresponding to null initial conditions, and to deduce conditions for the periodic model to be causal. These results, as well as the possibility of defining strict system equivalence between two periodic models through their time-invariant polynomial descriptions, in a similar sense as in the time-invariant case, show the relevance of such a polynomial time-invariant description for the problem under consideration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 435-453 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract An actual sampling process can be modeled as a random process, which consists of the regular (uniform) deterministic sampling process plus an error in the sampling times which constitutes a zero-mean noise (the jitter). In this paper we discuss the problem of estimating the jitter process. By assuming that the jitter process is an i.i.d. one, with standard deviation that is small compared to the regular sampling time, we show that the variance of the jitter process can be estimated from thenth order spectrum of the sampled data,n=2, 3, i.e., the jitter variance can be extracted from the 2nd-order spectrum or the 3rd-order spectrum (the bispectrum) of the sampled data, provided the continuous signal spectrum is known. However when the signal skewness exceeds a certain level, the potential performance of the bispectrum-based estimation is better than that of the spectrum-based estimation. Moreover, the former can also provide jitter variance estimates when the continuous signal spectrum is unknown while the latter cannot. This suggests that the bispectrum of the sampled data is potentially better for estimating any parameter of the sampling jitter process, once the signal skewness is sufficiently large.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 67-85 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Functions belonging to various Paley-Wiener spaces have representations in sampling series. When a function does not belong to such a space, the sampling series may converge, not to the object function but to an "alias" of it, and an aliasing error is said to occur. Aliasing error bounds are derived for one- and two-channel sampling series analogous to the Whittaker-Kotel’nikov-Shannon series, and for the multi-band sampling series, and a "derivative" extension of it, due to Dodson, Beaty, et al. The Poisson summation formula is a basic tool throughout. Aliasing in the one-channel case is shown to arise from a transformation with similarities to a projection. Where possible, the sharpness of the error bounds is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
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    Digitale Medien
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 113-130 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is devoted to a study of the Hausdorff-Young theorems from a historical perspective, beginning with the F. Riesz-Fischer theorem. Introduced by W. H. Young (1912), these theorems were considered and extended by F. Hausdorff (1923), F. Riesz (1923), E.C. Titchmarsh (1924), G. H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood (1926), M. Riesz (1927), and O. Thorin (1939/48). Special emphasis is placed upon the development of the proofs of the two Hausdorff-Young inequalities and their impact upon Fourier analysis as a whole, in particular on the M. Riesz-Thorin convexity theoremand on the interpolation of operators. The golden thread connecting the various extensions and generalizations is the concept of logarithmic convexity, one that goes back to the work of J. Hadamard (1896), A. Liapounoff (1901), J.L.W.V. Jensen (1906), and O. Blumenthal (1907).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 171-191 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we give a further investigation of the method introduced by the author in [1, Frequency-domain bounds for nonnegative unsharply band-limited functions] for proving bounds for functions with nonnegative Fourier transforms. We also dealt with the question of how large the supremum KS of all numbers |f(u)| is with f the Fourier transform of a nonnegative integrable function F and f(0) = 1, |f(ku)| ≤ ε for k ∈ S. Here u 〉 0 and S ⊂ {2, 3, . . .}. This problem was related in [1] to finding the infimum MS of all numbers Mh = maxϑ [(1−h(ϑ))/(1− cos ϑ)] over all 2π-periodic even, smooth functions h whose Fourier cosine coefficients ak vanish for k ∉ S, and it was proved and announced for several cases that MS (1−KS ) = 1. In this paper we prove the results announced in [1]. To that end we generalize the method given in [1] to include Fourier transforms f of probability measures on R and a certain generalized function h, and we show that the numbers KS, MS are assumed as |f(u)|, Mh for certain allowed f,h. Moreover, we establish a fundamental relation between finding the numbers KS, MS and the numbers KT, MT where T = {2, 3, . . .}\S. In particular, we show that MT = 2KS (2KS − 1)−1,KT = 1/2 MS(MS − 1)−1 and that MT (1 − KT) = 1,KSKT = 1/2 , whenever MS (1 − KS) = 1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 121
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 281-295 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Finite energy band-limited functions are reconstructed iteratively from nonuniform sample values of the functions and its derivatives. It is shown that the maximum gap allowed between the sampling points increases linearly with the number of derivatives considered. Moreover, a more precise result is presented for the first derivative case and another reconstruction of the functions using the frame algorithm is deduced.
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  • 122
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 233-247 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In the early 1960s research into radar signal synthesis produced important formulas describing the action of the two-dimensional Fourier transform on auto- and crossambiguity surfaces. When coupled with the Poisson Summation formula, these results become applicable to the theory of Weyl-Heisenberg systems, in the form of lattice sum formulas that relate the energy of the discrete crossambiguity function of two signals f and g over a lattice with the inner product of the discrete autoambiguity functions of f and g over a "complementary" lattice. These lattice sum formulas provide a framework for a new proof of a result of N.J. Munch characterizing tight frames and for establishing an important relationship between l1-summability (condition A) of the discrete ambiguity function of g over a lattice and properties of the Weyl-Heisenberg system of g over the complementary lattice. This condition leads to formulas for upper frame bounds that appear simpler than those previously published and provide guidance in choosing lattice parameters that yield the most snug frame at a stipulated density of basis functions.
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  • 123
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 403-436 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Let $a〉0, b〉0, ab〈1;$ and let $g\in L^2({\Bbb R}).$ In this paper we investigate the relation between the frame operator $S:f\in L^2({\Bbb R})\rightarrow \sum_{n,m}\,(f,g_{na,mb})\,g_{na,mb}$ and the matrix $H$ whose entries $H_{k,l\,;\,k',l'}$ are given by $(g_{k'/b,l'/a},g_{k/b,l/a})$ for $k,l,k',l'\in{\Bbb Z}.$ Here $f_{x,y}(t)={\rm exp}(2\pi iyt)\,f(t-x),$ $t\in{\Bbb R}$ , for any $f\in L^2({\Bbb R}).$ We show that $S$ is bounded as a mapping of $L^2({\Bbb R})$ into $L^2({\Bbb R})$ if and only if $H$ is bounded as a mapping of $l^2({\Bbb Z}^2)$ into $l^2({\Bbb Z}^2).$ Also we show that $AI\leq S\leq BI$ if and only if $AI\leq\frac{1}{ab}\,H\leq BI,$ where $I$ denotes the identity operator of $L^2({\Bbb R})$ and $l^2({\Bbb Z}^2),$ respectively, and $A\geq 0,$ $B〈\infty.$ Next, when $g$ generates a frame, we have that $(g_{k/b,l/a})_{k,l}$ has an upper frame bound, and the minimal dual function $^{\circ}\gamma$ can be computed as $ab\,\sum_{k,l}\,(H^{-1})_{k,l\,;\,o,o}\,g_{k/b,l/a}.$ The results of this paper extend, generalize, and rigourize results of Wexler and Raz and of Qian, D. Chen, K. Chen, and Li on the computation of dual functions for finite, discrete-time Gabor expansions to the infinite, continuous-time case. Furthermore, we present a framework in which one can show that certain smoothness and decay properties of a $g$ generating a frame are inherited by $^{\circ}\gamma.$ In particular, we show that $^{\circ}\gamma\in{\cal S}$ when $g\in{\cal S}$ generates a frame $({\cal S}$ Schwartz space). The proofs of the main results of this paper rely heavily on a technique introduced by Tolimieri and Orr for relating frame bound questions on complementary lattices by means of the Poisson summation formula.
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  • 124
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 103-112 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract For any ε 〉 0, we construct an orthonormal Schauder basis of C(K) consisting of trigonometric polynomials Tn n = 1, 2, . . . , such that deg(Tn) ≤ (1/2)(1 + ε)n. This is best possible with regard to the degree. The construction uses wavelet techniques.
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  • 125
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 131-170 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We study the general question of the existence of self-similar lattice tilings of Euclidean space. A necessary and sufficient geometric condition on the growth of the boundary of approximate tiles is reduced to a problem in Fourier analysis that is shown to have an elegant simple solution in dimension one. In dimension two we further prove the existence of connected self-similar lattice tilings for parabolic and elliptic dilations. These results apply to produce Haar wavelet bases and certain canonical number systems.
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  • 126
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 201-232 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In the spirit of work of Kerman and Sawyer, a condition is given that is necessary and sufficient for the Fourier transform norm inequality $\Big(\int_{{\Bbb R}_d} \vert\hat{f}\vert^q d\mu\Big)^{1/q} \leq C\Big(\int_{{\Bbb R}_d} \vert f\vert^p v\Big)^{1/p}$ provided v is a radial weight for which v−1/p is convexly decreasing and μ is a suitable measure. We also establish alternative conditions for such inequalities by proving corresponding trace type inequalities and maximal function inequalities that underlie the Fourier transform estimates. Our conditions are relatively simple to compute. Among applications we give extensions of a Sobolev restriction theorem.
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  • 127
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    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 1 (1994), S. 297-310 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We present two-sided singular value estimates for a class of convolution-product operators related to time-frequency localization.
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  • 128
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 71-89 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We consider general input-output systems, which need not be of a feedback type, that are governed by nonlinear operator equations which relate the input, state, and output. Assuming that these equations depend on a parameterA which is allowed to vary in a neighborhood of a “nominal value”A 0 , we study the dependence of the output onA when the input is fixed. Essentially, we call a system insensitive if the output depends continuously onA. Two insensitivity concepts are introduced, and it is shown that certain monotonicity-like conditions ensure insensitivity. Also, several particular cases of the governing equations are studied. As examples, a control system described by a singular system of ordinary differential equations and a nonlinear feedback system are discussed.
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  • 129
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 153-161 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The relationship between the elements in the vector of any limit cycle due to rounding in ann-order direct-form digital filter is established. Some bounds on the elements in such vectors are also determined. Sufficient conditions for the accessibility of period-r limit cycles due to rounding inn-order digital filters are presented.
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  • 130
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 327-342 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper analyzes two direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms used in the presence of multipath propagation and with very few snapshots. The conditional maximum likelihood (CML) algorithm and the method of direction estimation (MODE) are discussed. The estimates provided by these algorithms are shown to coincide for large number of snapshots or large signal-to-noise ratio. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the algorithms to yield unique estimates. It is shown that their uniqueness conditions coincide with the minimal uniqueness condition on the array, that is independent of the algorithm used (if the array does not satisfy this minimal condition, no DOA estimation method can give unique estimates). Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the theoretical results.
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  • 131
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 361-389 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In Part I of this paper we consider a general model of an input-output system governed by nonlinear operator equations that relate the system's input, state, and output, all of which are elements in extended spaces. This model encompasses feedback systems as a special case. Assuming that the equations governing the system depend on a parameterA that is allowed to vary in a neighborhoodN r (A 0) of a nominal valueA 0 in a linear space, we study conditions under which the system is stable for everyA ε Nr(A0), i.e., when the system exhibits robust stability. By stability we essentially mean that the input-output operator is continuous. Depending on the type of continuity of a map between two extended spaces, four concepts of robustness are introduced. The main results, Theorems 1 and 2, furnish sufficient conditions for a system to be robust in the respective sense. Basically, they show that if the nominal system satisfies a certain condition guaranteeing its stability, and the operators appearing in the governing equations depend continuously on the parameterA, then we have robust stability. As examples illustrating the applications of our results we discuss (1) a feedback-feedforward system, in particular the case when the extended space consists of locally square-integrable functions or functions continuous on [0, ∞), and (2) a time-varying dynamical system described by a linear vector differential equation, whose variables are continuous functions on [0, ∞) which decrease exponentially to zero ast → ∞. At the end of the paper some modifications of the presented theory are discussed.
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  • 132
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 10 (1991), S. 485-511 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Higher-than-second-order statistics-based input/output identification algorithms are proposed for linear and nonlinear system identification. The higher-than-second-order cumulant-based linear identification algorithm is shown to be insensitive to contamination of the input data by a general class of noise including additive Gaussian noise of unknown covariance, unlike its second-order counterpart. The nonlinear identification is at least as optimal as any linear identification scheme. Recursive-least-squares-type algorithms are derived for linear/nonlinear adaptive identification. As applications, the problems of adaptive noise cancellation and time-delay estimation are discussed and simulated. Consistency of the adaptive estimator is shown. Simulations are performed and compared with the second-order design.
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  • 133
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 115-136 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract By considering all orderings of the input samples, which are discrete-time continuous-valued, it is shown here that a weighted median (WM) filter of spanN can be specified unambiguously by 2N−1 consistent linear inequalities relating the weights. This specification is identical to that of a self-dual threshold function with the same weights. It is also shown that WM filters with symmetric weights can be specified by ternary threshold functions. Based on these inequalities, properties of WM filters which can be used to check equivalence of some WM filters are derived.
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  • 134
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 137-151 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Because binary mathematical morphology permits fast local neighborhood operations by flash conversion, it is used extensively in high-speed pattern-recognition computer systems. Further, since anyN-dimensional integer function may be represented by an (N + 1)-dimensional binary (bilevel) function, ordinary two-dimensional graylevel images become three-dimensional binary images. Thus these images may be processed by high-speed flash-conversion computers assuming that a sufficiently compact three-dimensional kernel can be devised. The tetradekahedron of the face-centered-cubic tessellation forms a perfect kernel in three-dimensions. Its neighborhood is compact. It has total symmetry with all 12 neighbors equidistant from the central element. Using this kernel a variety of useful three-dimensional morphological operations may be performed for target track detection, shaded graphics, data clustering, automated focusing, and spatial filtering.
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  • 135
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 153-169 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Two techniques for image restoration are compared in this paper. One is a technique based on the theory of optimal adaptive stack filtering; the other is a recently developed vector detection approach to image restoration. The primary difference between these two techniques is that the optimal detection technique exploits multilevela priori information, while the stack filter uses only single level zero crossing information. The design constraints for stack filters and vector detection are similar. Both approaches rely on the existence of a training sequence for the image source in order to obtain optimal processing. Adaptive stack filters do, however, require a training set of the noise while the optimal detection approach only needs a multivariate parametric representation. The image-restoration performance of these two methods is compared in a signal dependent noise environment characterizing imaging systems with speckle, film-grain, and Poisson shot noise. Comparisons are made using the mean absolute error measure as well as a subjective measure.
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  • 136
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 325-352 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The stability of digital ladder filters close in form, via the lossless discrete integrator (LDI) transformation, to doubly terminatedLC Cauer ladder low-pass filters is studied. The LDI transformation does not necessarily map stable analogue into stable digital filters. Necessary and sufficient conditions for these digital filter to be lossless and for a corresponding doubly terminated filter to be stable are given. LDIs are often used in the design of switched capacitor (SC) filters. For this case we provide a threshold sampling rate above which the SC LDI filter retains the stability of the analogue filter. In spite of the stability problem with the LDI mapping, it has been observed that when applied to simulate analogue filters the resulting filter is stable. It can now be argued that, in these cases, other factors in the determination of the sampling rate leads typically to a choice that is also sufficiently above the threshold rate for stability. The theory described is also useful to derive more general digital filters and to perform the design of stable LDI filters exclusively in the Z-plane without reference to analogue prototypes.
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  • 137
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 285-307 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we describe a family of operators for constructing nontrivial left and right coprime factorizations under rather weak conditions for a large class of nonlinear feedback control systems that has a stabilizable or unstabilizable plant, using a common criterion of input-output stability. The proposed sufficiency and construction method are based on a generalization of the nonlinear Lipschitz operator theory formulated by us for such systems. This class of generalized nonlinear Lipschitz operators constitutes a very large family (an infinite-dimensional Banach space) of bounded nonlinear operators that describe (part of) the underlying systems. One of the main difficulties in constructing coprine factorizations for nonlinear feedback systems has been in taking care of the nonlinear composite and inverse operators that appear in the closed-loop configuration such that the overall feedback system is well defined in the sense of stability, causality, and uniqueness of the internal signals and such that the coprime factorizations can be achieved. In this paper we show how these difficult issues can be handled nicely under our framework of generalized nonlinear Lipschitz operator theory, at least for a very large class of nonlinear control systems. We give a simple illustrative example to show how these coprime factorizations can actually be characterized and constructed to yield explicit closed-form solutions.
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  • 138
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 387-398 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we study the problem of designing a neural network that gives the correct binary representation of a given real number. Previously this problem has been studied by Tank and Hopfield. The network proposed by them exhibits “hysteresis” in the sense that the current vector of the network sometimes converges towards a binary vector that isnot the correct binary representation of the input current. The reason for this is that the network proposed by them has multiple asymptotically stable equilibria. In the present paper, we propose another neural network which has the property that it hasa single, globally attractive equilibrium for almost all values of the input current. Hence, irrespective of the initial conditions of the network, the current vector converges towards the correct binary representation of the input current.
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  • 139
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 421-430 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Concepts of observability and strong observability for singular systems are introduced and characterized geometrically in terms of the system matrices without using the Weierstrass decomposition. Duality relations between observability and controllability and that between reachability and strong observability are established. A canonical form for the action of the output injection group on the set of observable systems is presented.
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  • 140
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 455-492 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Mathematical morphology is becoming increasingly important in industrial vision applications for object recognition and defect inspection. In this paper we define a new function based on mathematical morphology, which we named the Rotationally Invariant Pecstrum (RIP). The RIP is proven to be invariant under rotation regardless of the shape of the structuring element. This paper also discusses how to use the RIP as an object descriptor and studies the effect of using different structuring elements on recognizing objects of different shapes.
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  • 141
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 11 (1992), S. 493-508 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This work presents close-form formulas for typical two-dimensional bandselect linear-phase FIR filters (e.g., band-pass, high-pass, and band-stop filters) optimal in the least-squares sense. Cases of both circular and elliptical symmetry are considered. The formulas refer to the coefficients of the frequency sampling form of the frequency response. Therefore they can either be directly used for filter implementation, if the frequency sampling structure is adopted, or used to obtain the impulse response coefficients via an inverse FFT.
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  • 142
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 12 (1993), S. 263-278 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract New characteristics of feedback neural networks are studied. We discuss in detail the question of updating of neurons given incomplete information about the state of the neural network. We show how the mechanism of self-indexing for such updating provides better results than assigning ‘don't know’ values to the missing parts of the state vector. Issues related to the choice of the neural model for a feedback network are also considered. Properties of a new complex valued neuron model that generalizes McCulloch-Pitts neurons are examined.
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  • 143
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 12 (1993), S. 391-407 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper deals with chained eigenstructure assignment for strongly controllable singular systems of the form Êx (t)=Â x(t)+B u(t) with state feedback control of the formu(t)=Kx(t)+w(t). The development of our method depends crucially on the properties of standard form singular systems. The closed-loop system will satisfy the following requirements: regularity, impulse-free response and rankÊ arbitrary eigenvalues assignment. This parametric characterization conveniently organizes the nonunique gain matrixK to modify the dynamic response of the systems. The result can be used for discrete-time descriptor systems, in which a zero-value eigenvalue may well be a desired closed-loop eigenvalue. One illustrative example is included.
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  • 144
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 12 (1993), S. 453-464 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract An efficient bi-state stochastic gradient is proposed for spontaneous constrained time delay estimation. The quantized stochastic gradient is an approximation of the polarity of the instantaneous delay estimation error. It is adjusted in such a way that it has a much higher probability to move in the correct direction at each iteration so as to enable a speed-up in the delay estimate to converge to global minimum in steady state. The performance of the delay estimator is evaluated statistically and an analytical solution for its convergence behavior is established. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm has at least a two-fold improvement in convergence speed when compared with the conventional approach, and this is verified by extensive simulation results.
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  • 145
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 12 (1993), S. 503-531 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this work, we extend the coding theory approach to error control in redundant residue number systems (RRNS). The concept of erasure correction capability in RRNS is introduced. We derive the relationship between the minimum distance and the error detection and error/erasure correction capability. New computationally efficient algorithms are derived for simultaneously correcting single errors and multiple erasures and detecting multiple errors. These algorithms reduce the computational complexity of the previously known algorithms by at least an order of magnitude. Another attractive feature of the algorithms is that all the arithmetic operations are modulo operations. Consequently, the need to process large valued integers is avoided.
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  • 146
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 12 (1993), S. 579-587 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents a general expression relating the complex-normalized scattering matrix of ann-port network to that of its augmentedn-port network normalizing to then 1 −Ω resistances, where the Darlington equivalent network may be either reciprocal or nonreciprocal.
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  • 147
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 19-30 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A linear-quadratic (LQ) control problem subject to a standard continuous-time system is called regular if the input weighting matrix is invertible, and singular if this is not the case. Consequently, optimal inputs for regular LQ problems are ordinary functions (state feedbacks), whereas optical controls for singular problems are in general distributions, e.g., impulses. We will show that regularity and singularity in LQ problems subject to ageneral (implicit) system depends not so much on the input weighting matrix, as on the property that the integrand of the cost criterion is a function only if inputs and state trajectories are, as is the case for LQ problems, subject to astandard system. In particular, we will provide a simple criterion for distinguishing between regularity and singularity in LQ problems subject to a general system. Our criterion is expressed in the system coefficients only and reduces to the classical one if the underlying system is standard.
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  • 148
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 119-119 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 185-199 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Completions of linear time varying singular systems of the formE(t)x′(t)+F(t)x′(t)=f(t) are explicitly computed using recent results on rational matrix functions. The algorithm and the theory behind it are carefully described. Computational issues are discussed.
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  • 150
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 225-239 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper a spectral method using orthogonal periodic basis functions for the analysis of linear time invariant descriptor systems is discussed, and the case of the trigonometric Fourier functions is investigated in detail. The method is shown to be convergent, in the distributional sense. However, for any finite number of basis functions, the periodicity induced by the chosen basis can give rise to spurious impulsive components in the computed system response, even in the case of correct initial conditions.
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  • 151
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 295-308 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we will study topological properties of the class of proper and improperp×m transfer functions of a fixed McMillan degreen. A natural generalization of this class is all autoregressive systems of degreen under external system equivalence. The subset of irreducible systems has in a natural way the structure of a manifold and we show how to extend this topology to the set of all autoregressive systems of degree at mostn. We will describe the subset of systems with fixed Kronecker indicesv=(v1,...,v p ) as an orbit space, which will enable us to calculate the topological dimension for each collection of indicesv. Finally, we will describe the topological closure of those sets in the space of all autoregressive systems.
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  • 152
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 349-359 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract It has been shown in [B.M.90] that non-square implicit differential equations allow for the description of variable structure systems (variable order, variable sign, variable parameters). We combine here the possible control strategy developed in [L.91] for rectangular systems (insuring a unique output behavior for the system compensated with a proportional or proportional and derivative state feedback) with the detector and the observer introduced in [B.M.90] in order to obtain a closed-loop system where the initial structure variation disappears on the output. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for the free assignment of the associated output dynamics.
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  • 153
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 391-402 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract An exposition of joint cumulants and cumulant spectra is presented. A distinction is emphasized in this paper between the cumulant spectrum of a time series and its stationary version, here called apolyspectrum. The variance and covariance of the sample bispectrum is then derived using a relationship between cumulant spectra of the finite Fourier transform for the 2nd and 4th cumulant function, and the bispectrum and trispectrum of the time series.
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  • 154
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 467-479 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The detection of a general class of transient (i.e., finite energy) signals in additive stationary interference using the spectral correlation function (second order cumulant spectrum) is presented. Observable features in the two-dimensional spectral correlation function due to properties of signals in the assumed class of transients are exploited to derive a detection statistic. The performance of the proposed detection statistic relative to a conventional power spectral detector is presented.
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  • 155
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Schlagwort(e): Statistics: Nonparametric time series estimation for pattern analysis ; Industries: Health monitoring and durability of rotating machinery ; Reliability: Incipient failure inspection/quality control/system safety
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Vibroacoustic signals of rotating machinery are composed of sums of modulated periodicities, broadband random components, and occasionally a set of transient responses. These signals are not ergodic as the modulated periodicities are partially coherent. Progressive wear of the rotating machine causes the nonlinear structure of the received signal to intensify, and nonlinearity results in transfer of energy between harmonics of the signal's periodic components. Statistics developed from bispectrum and second-order cumulant spectrum estimates of the measured signal are combined with power spectrum amplitudes as feature inputs for standard multivariate classifiers. The higher-order statistics measure, respectively, the extent of nonlinearity and intermodulation of the received signal. Classification results of simulated and actual incipient wear data collected from a controlled experiment drilling circuit boards illustrate the potential of this novel statistical signal processing approach.
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  • 156
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 255-272 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A geometric interpretation of the Lewis Structure Algorithm (LSA) is given in terms of precise projection maps directly defined from the (E, A, B, C) maps of the system. An extended version of LSA is offered which, in addition to this geometric information, also provides in a direct way, and within the same (E, A, B, C) class of models, a left inverse (if any) of the system. An example is given.
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  • 157
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 329-345 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We consider the problem of control of linear, time-invariant, multivariable descriptor (implicit) systems. In particular we examine the effectiveness of an algorithm (which is a generalization of previous work in state space systems) for the design of an output feedback control giving pole placement in such systems. Conditions are presented which ensure that the algorithm produces the required control. We also address the important issue of uniqueness of solutions.
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  • 158
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 389-390 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 159
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 455-466 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Detecting active sonar returns in multipath media is a central underwater signal processing problem. This paper studies a new approach to active sonar detection using bispectral analysis of sonar data. Its sensitivity to non-stationarities is used to develop a threshold detector that can be applied to broad classes of signals and noise. Precise statistical descriptions of the underwater medium and noise are not required. Theoretical analyses predicting its performance as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and time-bandwidth product are presented. Computer simulation experiments verify the results and show that its performance compares favorably to that of conventional detectors.
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  • 160
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 481-496 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The noise suppression capability of higher-order moments and spectra has made them attractive when the goal is to extract or reconstruct a signal that is contaminated by multivariate Gaussian noise or certain types of non-Gaussian noise. Two new detectors, one centralized and one distributed, which are based on the third-order moment of the data are proposed. The asymptotic performance of the centralized detector and the asymptotic distribution of the components of the distributed detector are analyzed. Further, the performance of these detectors is simulated and compared to that of the matched filter for three different types of interference: Gaussian noise, Gaussian noise corrupted by a sinusoid with random phase, and Arctic under-ice noise.
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  • 161
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 12 (1993), S. 211-221 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Recent research has shown that multilayer feedforward networks with sigmoidal activation functions are universal approximators, and that this holds for more general activations as well. The mathematical underpinning for these results has been various: Kolmogorov's resolution of Hilbert's thirteenth problem; the Stone-Weierstrass theorem; approximation of Fourier and Radon integral representations; and convergence of probability measures. This paper • Rigorously establishes the robustness of feedforward network realizations. • Uses a theorem of Wiener and ideas of translation invariant subspaces to provide conditions for universal approximations toL 1 andL 2 functions by networks, for quite general activation functions. The second result extends and simplifies some of the recent results of Stinchcombe and White, at least for the special cases ofL 1 andL 2 functions.
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  • 162
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 361-372 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We investigate the controller design problem for linear systems in which the state and the controls are subject to static linear constraints. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence, and present a complete parametrization of all stabilizing controllers. This parametrization allows us to transform the constrained control problem into a standard problem which can be solved using usualH 2 orH ∞ optimization methods. The approach is illustrated by a simple numerical example showing the various steps of the proposed algorithm.
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  • 163
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 13 (1994), S. 403-410 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A continuous stationary signal possessing non-Gaussian higher order statistics cannot be correctly modelled by any discrete process based on passing independently and identically distributed noise through a linear filter. In particular, it is shown that at third order there exists no discrete skewed linear model with a discrete bispectrum that is the same as that obtained from the Nyquist samples of any continuous stationary process. The nature of the problem is elucidated and an alternative method for modelling the third order statistics of continuous stationary processes is proposed.
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  • 164
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 501-502 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 503-503 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 166
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 505-505 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 167
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract For ann-by-n nonnegative matrixP, we consider the entrywise harmonic meanH, geometric meanG, and arithmetic meanA, ofP and PT. Simple proofs are given for the inequalities ρ(H)≤ρ(G)≤ p(P)≤ ρ(A), and attention is focused upon characterization of the case of equality in each of these six inequalities. In caseP is irreducible, ρ(G)=p(P) exactly whenP is diagonally similar to a symmetric matrix, and several other equivalent conditions for diagonal symmetrizability ofP are collected together here. Other conditions which arise involve further variations upon symmetry, and may be viewed as algebraic descriptions of various features of symmetry. A tool of interest is a slight variation upon a recent characterization of the Perron root.
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  • 168
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 197-212 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A new class of shorted operators is considered. The shorted operator has an intimate relationship with electrical networks and has been extensively studied. In this work we consider the class of matrices with row and column spans in specified linear subspaces and dominated in a given partial order by a matrixA. If this class of matrices has an unique maximal element under the partial order, then this maximal element is called the shorted matrix ofA relative to the given linear subspaces and the relevant partial order. We study the shorted matrix under the star order of Drazin, the minus order, and also under partial orders induced by the minimum norm and least squares g-inverses. The parallel sum of matrices is intimately related to the shorted matrix and results are given for parallel addition.
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  • 169
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A new variational characterization of the solution of a matrix Riccati equation is presented. The characterization is given as the maximum Hermitian matrix that makes a certain compound matrix Hermitian positive semidefinite. The shorted operator (Schur complement) applied to the compound matrix produces the Riccati equation.
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  • 170
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 271-300 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract An eigenstructure-based method for direction finding in the presence of sensor gain and phase uncertainties is presented. The method provides estimates of the Directions of Arrival (DOA) of all the radiating sources as well as calibration of the gain and phase of each sensor in the observing array. The technique is not limited to a specific array configuration and can be implemented in a'ny eigenstructure-based DOA system to improve its performance.
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  • 171
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 319-341 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of system parameter uncertainties on system performance are always of great concern to the system designer. It is desirable to knowa priori estimates of the system response, subject to parameter uncertainties. In the following we propose using interval analysis techniques to establish estimates of system performance (e.g., envelopes of time response and frequency response). The results which we obtain constitute generalizations of existing work. Specifically, existing results address systems which are described by linear ordinary differential equations which are endowed with a single parameter belonging to an interval. In the present results we address systems described by linear or nonlinear ordinary difference equations endowed with more than one parameter belonging to intervals.
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  • 172
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 343-364 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract We consider general input-output systems governed by nonlinear operator equations that relate the system's input, state, and output. The systems under consideration need not be of a feedback type. Assuming that the governing equations depend on a parameterA in a linear space that is allowed to vary in a vicinity Nr(A0) of a “nominal” valueA 0, we study conditions under which the system is stable for each A∈Nr (A0), i.e., when the system is robust. By stability we essentially mean that the input-output map is continuous. Depending on the type of continuity used, two concepts of robustness are introduced. The main theorem shows that a certain generalized monotonicity condition imposed on the nominal system combined with a Lipschitz-like condition imposed on the perturbed system guarantees robustness. Moreover, several particular cases of the governing equations are investigated. As examples, we consider (1) a singular system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (a semistate equation), (2) a feedback system, and (3) a feedback, feedforward system. At the end of this paper some extensions and modifications of the presented theory are discussed.
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  • 173
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 367-382 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The subject of this paper is the relation of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) to vector fields on manifolds. For that reason, we introduce the notion of a regular DAE as a DAE to which a vector field uniquely corresponds. Furthermore, a technique is described which yields a family of manifolds for a given DAE. This socalled family of constraint manifolds allows in turn the formulation of sufficient conditions for the regularity of a DAE, and the definition of the index of a regular DAE. We also state a method for the reduction of higher-index DAEs to lower-index ones that can be solved without introducing additional constants of integration. Finally, the notion of realizability of a given vector field by a regular DAE is introduced, and it is shown that any vector field can be realized by a regular DAE. Throughout this paper the problem of path-tracing is discussed as an illustration of the mathematical phenomena.
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  • 174
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 409-420 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of the asymmetry parameterk on the extent and form of the stability region for second-order fixed-point coupled-form digital filters is analyzed. In particular, by extending the results of a previous paper by the same authors, the stability regions for filters with roundoff quantizers are first shown. Then, the corresponding results for filters with either two or four value-truncation quantizers are derived. It turns out that the shape of the stability areas is rather odd because of the asymmetry of the quantization characteristic.
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  • 175
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 435-448 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Iterated-integral operators calledp-powers arise in the theory of representations of nonlinear systems. In a recent paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for such operators to be stable in a standard sense, and it is shown that a well-known sufficient condition is not necessary for allp ≥ 2. Here corresponding results are given for discrete-time cases.
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  • 176
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 421-433 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The paper first briefly reviews some subspace techniques for high-resolution array processing. It is shown that existing high-resolution techniques like the MUSIC algorithm are based on visual inspection of the spatial spectrum. It is not a scientifically valid means of assessing resolution of a spectrum estimator. The paper then proposes a technique based on a combination of optimal processing and signal subspace extraction for high-resolution array processing. Numerical results show that the proposed technique not only achieves superresolution of the spectrum, but also provides power estimates of the arrivals.
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  • 177
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 9 (1990), S. 449-500 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Fourier transform algorithms are described using tensor (Kronecker) products and an associated class of permutations. Algebraic properties of tensor products and the related permutations are used to derive variants of the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform algorithm. These algorithms can be implemented by translating tensor products and permutations to programming constructs. An implementation can be matched to a specific computer architecture by selecting the appropriate variant. This methodology is carried out for the Cray X-MP and the AT&T DSP32.
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  • 178
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 59-74 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Schlagwort(e): Unemployment Insurance ; Risk Sharing ; Social Security
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Two models of spot labor markets are presented in which labor suppliers have heterogeneous attitudes towards effort and in which uncertainty prevails on labor productivity and growth. The problem of selecting efficient rules to manage unemployment insurance (UI) systems is considered. We show that there does not exist any system which combines an efficient allocation of labor with an efficient allocation of risks among employees, unemployed workers and capital-owners. Pareto-efficient policy rules are a best compromise between these two conflicting objectives. It implies that productive efficiency could be improved in periods of mass unemployment by reducing UI benefits. That would be at the expense of more inefficiencies in the sharing of macroeconomic risks. At the optimum, the UI benefit is positively correlated to growth and it is negatively correlated to labor productivity.
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  • 179
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 137-138 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
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  • 180
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 139-141 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 181
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 143-165 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Schlagwort(e): Social Insurance ; Redistribution ; Incentives
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract We extend the familiar income taxation model à la Mirrlees, so as to include income uncertainty, due for instance to a risk of illness. Following a line of research initiated by Blomqvist and Horn [1984] we prove that the existence of a Social Health Insurance system may be justified even when the insurance market is efficient. Moreover, if there is a negative statistical dependence between probability of illness and labor productivity, then the optimum of a Utilitarianist Social Welfare function implies that Social Insurance provides a complete coverage for every household.
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  • 182
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 16 (1991), S. 167-177 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Schlagwort(e): Risk Taking ; Taxation ; Complete Conventional Securities Markets
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract In general equilibrium, with complete conventional securities markets and endogenous asset supply, taxes on risk remuneration are ineffective but harmless. They do not alter the real allocation of goods or the distribution of wealth, they impose no excess burden, and, in particular, have no impact on risk taking.
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  • 183
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 7-191 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Schlagwort(e): Risk ; Insurance Demand ; Deterministic Transformations ; Stochastic Dominance ; Expected Utility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The consequences of a change in a random parameter are determined for a decision model with more than one source of randomness. The two cases of independent and stochastically dependent sources of risk are discussed. Four comparative static theorems are given. These state the effect of first degree stochastically dominant shifts or risk decreases for one random variable while the other random variable is held fixed. Deterministic transformations are used to represent random parameter changes. The results are presented in the context of the coinsurance demand model with a risky insurable asset and background risk.
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  • 184
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 21-33 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Schlagwort(e): Insurance Demand ; Multiple Sources of Risk ; Comparative Statics ; Increases in Risk
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we propose an answer to the following problem of comparative statics in models with multiple sources of risk: How a risk averse agent will change his coinsurance demand when the distribution of the insurable loss is shifted? To answer the question, we first comment on Jack Meyer's results and then we show how an alternate approach leads to more definitive comparative statics.
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  • 185
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 35-60 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Schlagwort(e): Ambiguity ; Pricing ; Actuaries ; Decision Processes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire study of pricing decisions made by professional actuaries when the probabilities of a loss are either ambiguous or nonambiguous. Theoretical hypotheses derived from the expected utility model were compared with the implications of procedures described by practicing actuaries. Actuaries were asked to act as consultants to a computer manufacturer concerning the price of a warranty. The suggested prices were considerably higher when probabilities were ambiguous than when they were well-specified. These pricing decisions were consistent with the procedures described by actuaries but inconsistent with predictions from expected utility theory when the risks are perfectly correlated. Further insight into the actual decision process is provided by interviews with actuaries and an analysis of comments written on the questionnaire forms.
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  • 186
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    The Geneva risk and insurance review 17 (1992), S. 61-75 
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Schlagwort(e): Saving ; Borrowing ; Increases in Risk Aversion ; Increases in Risk ; Multivariate NonExpected Utility Model
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract We adopt the multivariate non-expected utility approach proposed by Yaari [1986] to provide a characterization of the comparative statics effects of greater risk aversion and of mean-preserving increases in risk on saving and borrowing in the presence of income and interest rate risk. We show that in Yaari's model, it is possible to extend the applicability of the Diamond and Stiglitz [1974] and Kihlstrom and Mirman [1974] (DSKM) single-crossing property to establish a relationship between greater risk aversion and saving (or borrowing) on the basis of the individual's ordinal preferences as long as the two risks are independent. We also demonstrate that the comparative statics effects of a joint mean-preserving increase in random income and interest rate on saving and borrowing can be determined by an extension of the DSKM single-crossing property.
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  • 187
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 157-164 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Actinomycete ; Biotransformation ; pH control ; Magnesium sulfate ; MK-733 ; Simvastatin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary An actinomycete (MA 6474, ATCC 53828) isolated from a soil sample (Mutare, Zimbabwe) was found to biotransform the sodium salt of Simvastatin (MK-733) to 6-α-hydroxymethyl MK-733, 6-β-hybroxymethyl MK-733, and 6-ring-hydroxy MK-733. The bioconversion efficiency to the desired compound, 6-α-hydroxymethyl MK-733, was enhanced by optimizing the physico-chemical parameters of the process. In shake flask cultures, addition of magnesium (0.125 mg/l Mg SO4·7H2O) to the medium resulted in a five-fold increase in the rate of bioconversion to the α diastereomer. The ratio of bioconversion products (6-α-hydroxymethyl, 6-β-hydroxymethyl, and 6-ring-hydroxy MK-733) was regulated by pH. Process improvements and scale up in 23-1 fermentors, which consisted of a controlled addition of substrate (MK-733), resulted in a 2-fold increase in alpha diastereomer Production (42 vs. 79 U/ml) and a 23-fold rate increase in the formation of α-diastereomer. A high diastereomeric ratio (α: β=9∶1) facilitated downstream processing.
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  • 188
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 147-156 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Methanol ; Yeast extract ; Two-phase process ; Periplasmic antigen ; Intracellular antigen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Various physico-chemical parameters have been studied in order to improve the production of hepatitis B virus pre-S2 antigen (middle surface antigen) by the methylotrophic yeastHansenula polymorpha. Antigen production was done in two steps: first, production of cells on glycerol (Phase 1), followed by induction of antigen expression with methanol (Phase 2). Dense cultures ofH. polymorpha, equivalent to 35–40 g/l (dry weight), were readily obtained in small fermenters using minimal medium containing glycerol as carbon source. Antigen expression in this minimal medium, after induction with methanol, was however low and never exceeded 1.6 mg/l of culture. Antigen production was greatly enhanced by adding complex organic nitrogen sources along with methanol at induction time; yeast extract was the best of all the sources tested. In shake flasks, antigen production was proportional to yeast extract concentration up to 7% (w/v) yeast extract. it became clear that the nutritional conditions for good antigen expression were different from those for good biomass production. The effects of yeast extract were reproduced in small fermenters: antigen levels reached 8–9 mg/l in medium containing 6% (w/v) yeast extract during induction with methanol. The mechanisms of yeast extract's effects are still unknown but are probably nutritional. The recombinantH. polymorpha strain produced both periplasmic and intracellular antigen. The periplasmic antigen was shown to be present as 20–22-nm particles and was therefore immunogenic. Immunoblotting indicated that part of the pre-S2 antigen was present as a 24-kDa degradation product. These studies have led to a 140-fold increase in volumetric productivity of antigen and to a 4.6-fold increase in specific production.
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  • 189
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 171-178 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): EPA ; Omega-3 ; Arachidonic acid ; Polyunsaturated fatty acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary The effect of culture conditions upon lipid content and fatty acid composition of mycelia ofPythium irregulare was investigated with particular attention to increasing the yield of 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5; ω−3) (EPA). All experiments were done by shake flask culture using a yeast extract + malt extract medium. The maximum growth rate was obtained at 25°C, but maximum EPA production was obtained at 12°C. The highest EPA production was 76.5 μg EPA/ml 13 days fermentation at 12°C. Addition of glucose during fermentation increased the yield considerably. The highest yield was 112 μg/ml, obtained at 13 days fermentation with spiking on day 11. Fermentation time could be shortened by initial incubation at 25°C for 2 days, followed by incubation at 12°C for 6 days. The culture also produced arachidonic acid and other ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. EPA production was also obtained with lactose or sweet whey permeate, a by-product of cheese manufacture that contains lactose as the main carbohydrate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Mortierella alpina ; Arachidonic acid ; Polyunsaturated fatty acid ; Fungal lipid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary WhenMortierella alpina ATCC 32222 was incubated in a glucose salts medium at 25°C the biomass (17.5 g/l) contained 9.62% arachidonic acid which amounted to 54% (w/w) of total biomass lipids. When the glucose concentration in the medium was varied from 0 to 150 g/l, the percentage of arachidonic acid in biomass and in lipids was highest at a glucose concentration of 30 g/l, but highest yield of arachidonic acid per litre of culture broth was observed at a glucose concentration of 100 g/l. While production of biomass reached a plateau of 17 g/l after a 3-day incubation at 25°C, the percentage of arachidonic acid in lipids and biomass increased dramatically from 3 to 6 days with a concurrent arachidonic acid yield increase from 0.89 to 1.63 g/l. Optimum initial culture pH for arachidonic acid production was in the range 6.0–6.7. By increasing the concentration of the glucose salts medium three-fold, yields of biomass and arachidonic acid were increased to 35.8 g/l and 3.73 g/l, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 191
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Dopamine receptor ; Agonist and antagonist ; Ligand ; Dihydroxy acetanilide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary A natural product, Sch 42029, isolated from the fermentation of anActinoplanes sp. (SCC 1971) was found to displace Sch 23390 from the dopamine-1 (D1) receptor. The compound was isolated from the fermentation broth by adsorption of the filtrate on XAD-16 resin, elution with water-methanol, followed by purification by gel-permeation chromatography and HPLC. Using spectroscopic analysis, the structure was determined to be 2,5-dihydroxy acetanilide. The pure compound displaced Sch 23390, a D1-selective ligand, at aK i of 1.6 μm and spiperone, a D2-selective ligand, at aK i of 200 μm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 193-199 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Organic hazardous waste ; Leachate ; Landfill management
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Co-disposal of 12 compounds representing major organic classes (aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides, phenols, and phthalate esters) with shredded municipal solid waste was tested using a laboratory-scale column and pilot-scale lysimeter to characterize transport and transformation phenomena including sorption, volatilization and bioassimilation. Leachate and gases emitted from the lysimeters were examined for identifiable products of biotransformation. The results of this investigation provided a mechanistic evaluation of the attenuating and assimilative capacity of municipal solid waste landfills for specific organic compounds. Physical/chemical organic compound characteristics were related to refuse characteristics and composition to predict compound fate. Such knowledge is useful in developíng landfill management and operational strategies consistent with the need for control of pollutant releases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 201-207 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Diffusion chamber ; Cadmium-sensitive ; Cadmium-resitant ; Sediment ; Bacteria ; Cadmium-sorption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Sorption of cadmium by sediment bacteria and freshwater sediment was investigated using diffusion chambers to simulate the water-sediment interface. Diffusion chambers were constructed to provide two compartments separated by a dialysis membrane. Diffusion of cadmium across the membrane was monitored after pure cultures of sediment bacteria or lake sediments were added to the sediment side of a diffusion chamber. Cellular accumulation of cadmium by cadmium-sensitive and cadmium-resistant bacteria removed between 20% and 80% of the dissolved cadmium from the simulated water column and pore water. Cellular accumulation of cadmium was greatest for cadmium-sensitive isolates that were tested. Sediment with an intact microbial community sequestered 80% of the cadmium added to sediment, whereas autoclaved sediment retained 97% of the metal that was added. Addition of glucose to cadmium-amended sediment decreased retention of cadmium by untreated and autoclaved sediments, resulting in elevated concentrations of dissolved cadmium in the simulated water column.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Biodegradation ; Direct method ; Indirect method ; Method comparison ; BOD method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Degradation of 10 organic chemicals by pre-acclimated microorganisms in BOD dilution water was determined directly by UV spectrophotometry and indirectly by a modified BOD method. Residual chemical concentrations were periodically measured and pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants (k 1) were calculated. Thek 1 spectrophotometry values ranged from 0.006/h to 0.077/h andk 1-BOD values from 0.002/h to 0.043/h for 1-methylnaphthalene and indole, respectively. The ratios ofk spectrophotometry to k1-BOD were between 1.5 for salicylic acid and 3.0 for 1-methylnaphthalene with a mean of 2.7. A significant (α=0.001) linear correlation (r 2=0.854,F=46.630) existed between the two sets of rate constants. Results from this study suggest that the modified BOD method may be used to estimate chemical biodegradation rates in synthetic media.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 213-221 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Biofilm ; Scanning electron microscope ; Environmental scanning electron microscope
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Descriptions of biofilms and their elemental compositions based on scanning electron micrographs and energy dispersive x-ray analysis cannot be related to the original condition of the biofilm on the surface. Solvent replacement of water removes extracellular polymeric material and reduces the concentration of elements bound within the biofilm. In the wet state, bacteria and microalgae are enmeshed in a gelatinous film that is either removed or dried to a thin inconspicuous residue during sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy. The environmental scanning electron microscope provides a fast, accurate image of biofilms, their spatial relationship to the substratum and elemental composition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 223-227 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Deionized water ; Ultra-pure water ; Ozone ; Ultra-violet sterilization ; Oligotroph ; Bacteria ; R2A medium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Presently, tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium is used in the semiconductor industry to determine the concentration of viable oligotrophic bacteria in ultra-pure water systems. Deionized water from an ultra-pure water pilot plant was evaluated for bacterial growth at specific locations, using a non-selective medium (R2A) designed to detect injured heterotrophic as well as oligotrophic bacteria. Results were compared to those obtained using Tryptic Soy Agar. Statistically greater numbers of bacteria were observed when R2A was used as the growth medium. Total viable bacterial numbers were compared both before and after each treatment step of the recirculating loop to determine their effectiveness in removing bacteria. The reduction in bacterial numbers for the reverse osmosis unit, the ion exchange bed, and the ultraviolet sterilizer were 97.4%, 31.3%, and 72.8%, respectively, using TSA medium, and 98.4%, 78.4%, and 35.8% using R2A medium. The number of viable bacteria increased by 60.7% based on TSA medium and 15.7% based on R2A medium after passage of the water through an in-line 0.2-μm pore size nylon filter, probably because of the growth of bacteria on the filter. Our results suggest that R2A medium may give a better representation of the microbial water quality in ultra-pure water systems and therefore a better idea of the effectiveness of the various treatment processes in the control of bacteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 229-236 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Mannanase ; Sporotrichum cellulophilum ; Galactomannan ; Hemicellulase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Extracellular mannanase activity produced bySporotrichum cellulophilum was purified into two components using acetone precipitation, SP-Sephadex C50 ion exchange chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified mannanse components, M1 and M2, had molecular weights of 108 000–112 000 and 32 200–36 000 respectively. Component M1 was shown to contain 2 subunits having molecular weights of 62 000 and 50 000. M1 and M2 had similar pH-activity profiles with pH optima of 5.5 and 6.0 respectively. M1 was more thermostable than M2: half lives of the enzymes at 70°C were 30 and 9 min for M1 and M2 respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 237-245 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Microbial emulsifier ; Biosurfactant ; Bioemulsifier
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Biosurfactants have potential for use in enhancement of in situ biorestoration by increasing the bioavailability of contaminants. Microorganisms isolated from biostimulated, contaminated and uncontaminated zones at the site of an aviation fuel spill and hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms isolated from sites contaminated with unleaded gasoline were examined for their abilities to emulsify petroleum hydrocarbons. Emulsifying ability was quantified by a method involving agitation and visual inspection. Biostimulated-zone microbes and hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms were the best emulsifiers as compared to contaminated and uncontaminated zone microbes. Biostimulation (nutrient and oxygen addition) may have been the dominant factor which selected for and encouraged growth of emulsifiers; exposure to hydrocarbon was also important. Biostimulated microorganisms were better emulsifiers of aviation fuel (the contaminant hydrocarbon) than of heavier hydrocarbon to which they were not previously exposed. By measuring surface tension changes of culture broths, 11 out of 41 emulsifiers tested were identified as possible biosurfactant producers and two isolates produced large surface tension reductions indicating the high probability of biosurfactant production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 247-252 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Invertase ; Entrapped yeast ; Ethanol pretreatment ; Heat pretreatment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary Gel-entrapped, non-viable yeast biomass with specific invertase activity has been produced by two different pretreatment protocols: a short-time thermal treatment and a brief contact with concentrated ethanol solutions. Four yeast strains were most promising:K. fragilis L-293,C. utilis L-282,S. cerevisiae L-170 and L-209. Of these, the ethanol-tolerant L-282 and the ethanol-tolerant and heat-resistant L-170 gave the most active gel-entrapped biocatalysts: around 2 mg of reducing sugars produced per mg dry yeast per min.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 253-258 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Cholesterol ; 4-Cholesten-3-one ; Cholesterol oxidation ; Heterologous gene expression ; Streptococcal vector
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary A streptomycete gene coding for extracellular cholesterol oxidase (choA) was subcloned and expressed inEscherichia coli. The pUCO series recombinants were obtained by inserting thechoA gene into the uniqueKpnI site of pUC19 vector. Expression was observed with pUCO192A and pUCO193 constructs in which the cloned gene(s) were aligned with the upstreamlacZ promoter. Isopropyl β-d-thioglucopyranoside (IPTG) enhanced this expression up to 2.5-fold. Specific Cho activity in the cell extracts of the stable pUCO193 transformant were 0.004 U and 0.007 U per mg protein without and with IPTG induction, respectively. Cho activity was detected in the spent medium of this culture, suggesting possible secretion of the enzyme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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