ALBERT

Beschreibung: Es werden geometrische Eigenschaften der räumlichen Bahnkurven der durch die 2 - 10s - Mikroseismik verursachten Bodenschwingungen untersucht. Dabei ergeben sich für Stationen im Inneren des Kontinents ebene, polarisierte Schwingungen, deren Polarisation von der Wetterlage über dem Nordatlantik abhängt. Davon ausgehend wird ein neues Verfahren zur Erhöhung des seismischen Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses (SNR)entwickelt. Eine Übersicht über das Quellenproblem der Mikroseismik schließt sich an.

Beschreibung: The author has investigated geometrical quantities of the spatial particle orbits of 2 - 10s microseisms. For stations in the interior of the Continent these orbits are plane and polarized. The polarization depends on the weather situation over the Northern Atlantic. The paper presents a new method for signal-to-noise ratio augmentation, which is based on the found polarization phenomenon. A chapter follows on nature and sources of microseisms.

Beschreibung: A Untersuchung der Polarisation und anderer Eigenschaften der langperiodischen Mikroseismik (Teil I, Text) 1. Einleitung 2. Die erste Aufbereitung der seismischen Registrierungen 3. Die Krümmungen als Unterscheidungsmerkmal 4. Die Polarisation der Mikroseismen 5. Vergleich Berggießhübel-Moxa 6. Die Einsatzsuchfunktion F 7. Besprechung der hinsichtlich ihrer Schwingungsebenenpolarisation untersuchten Stürme im Zusammenhang mit der Wetterlage 7.1 Der Sturm vom 28.1.1968 7.2 Der Sturm vom 7.2.1967 7.3 Der Sturm vom 6.2.1968 7.4 Der Sturm vom 6.12.1966 7.5 Der Sturm vom 15./16.12.1967 7.6 Der Sturm vom 27./28.10.1967 7.7 Weitere Stürme 8. Die Beziehung zwischen Amplitude und Periode der Mikroseismik der Stationen Berggießhübel und Moxa 9. Die Neigungswinkelverteilungen 10. Vergleich der Mikroseismik von Berggießhübel mit der von in Küstennähe gelegenen Stationen insbesondere Hamburg 10.1 Peilungen 10.2 Gestalt der Schwingungen 10.3 Polarisation der mikroseismischen Schwingungs-"Ebenen" und Polarisationsfilter 10.4 Schwingungstypen 10.5 Vergleich der Neigungswinkelverteilungen 10.6 Wellennatur 11. Deutung und Übersicht zum Quellenproblem 11.1 Theorien 11.2 Ozeanmikroseismen 11.3 Welche Quellen der Mikroseismik sind für Mitteleuropa maßgeblich? 11.4 Küstenmikroseismen 11.5 Mikroseismen, die in Nebenmeeren und Binnenseen entstehen 11.6 Lokale langperiodische Mikroseismen 12. Zusammenfassung Literatur B Polarization of Microseisms and Signal-to-Noise Ratio Enhancement A Untersuchung der Polarisation und anderen Eigenschaften der langperiodischen Mikroseismik (Teil II, Anlagen)

Beschreibung: Es werden die Störungen im zeitlichen Ablauf der Amplituden und Phasen zweier auf elastischem Stativ schwingender Schwerependel untersucht. Betrag und Periode der Störungen werden in Abhängigkeit von den Anfangsbedingungen und dem Verhältnis [...] zwischen dem Parameter der elastischen Kopplung und der Verstimmung der beiden Pendel dargestellt. Es zeigt sich, daß die Amplituden und Phasendifferenzen bei [...] = 1 am stärksten gestört sind und mit wachsendem [...] zunehmend von den Anfangsbedingungen beeinflußt werden. Die Ergebnisse absoluter und relativer Pendelmessungen bestätigen den theoretischen Befund.

Beschreibung: Disturbances are investigated which are introduced by the sway effect into the time-functions of amplitudes and phases of two pendulums swinging on the same support. Rate and period of the disturbances are represented as functions of the initial conditions and the quotient [...] formed by the parameter of elastic coupling and the differences of the periods of the two pendulums. Hence it follows that the perturbations of the amplitudes and phase differences are biggest if [...] = 1. With increasing [...] the influence of the initial condi tions is growing up. The results of absolute and relative pendulum measurements confirm the theoretical statements.

Beschreibung: 1. Die Differentialgleichungen des Problems und ihre Lösungen 2. Amplituden- und Phasenverlauf bei gegeneinander schwingenden Pendeln 3. Diskussion der Lösungen 3.1. Verlauf der Amplitudenschwankungen 3.2. Verlauf der Phasenschwankungen 4. Zur Mitschwingreduktion der Schwingungszeiten 5. Praktische Anwendungen Literatur Abbildungen

Beschreibung: Contrary to Europe, with only one Caltha species, North America has at least three species of this genus. These are the polymorphic C. palustris L., also widely distributed in Europe, the floating aquatic C. natans Pall, and the polymorphic C. leptosepala-biflora group. Two previous papers (Smit 1967, 1968) dealt with taxonomic aspects of C. palustris, that in North America were not essentially different from those of European material.

Beschreibung: The chromosome numbers of 16 species of Angiosperms, collected in Cameroun and the Ivory Coast, were determined. The numbers given for 14 species are new, in the remaining species the results of other authors could be confirmed.

Beschreibung: The chromosome numbers of 31 species of Angiospermae collected in S. Brazil were determined. Of these species 5 were studied before, the other numbers are new, 11 are first counts for genera and one even for a family. Some notes on the cytology and morphology are added.

Beschreibung: Frutex epiphyticus, ramis quadrangularibus, angulis lenticellatis. Folia ramorum fertilium petiolis 2-5 mm longis, 1.5-2 mm latis; lamina chartacea vel subcoriacea, oblanceolato-oblonga vel interdum elliptico-oblonga, 9-14 cm longa, 3-4.5 cm lata, ápice acuminata, acumen 1-2 cm longum, basi attenuata, costa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra et subtus prominentibus vel prominulis, glandulis hypophyllis aliquot patelliformibus vel foveolatis, parvis, 3-5 in folii parte inferiore oblique seriatis, aliis minutis, punctiformibus, nigricantibus, aequaliter dispersis. Flores in racemis umbelliformibus (20-) 30-45-floris; rhachis ad circa 1 cm longa; nectaria clavato-cucullata, stipitata, stipes 5-8 mm longus, cucullus 1-1.5 cm longus, circa 4-5 mm diametro, ore late-rotundata, margine plerumque recurvo, apiculata; pedicelli 5-7 cm longi, lenticellati; bracteolae sepaloideae, circa 1 mm longae, 2-3 mm latae; sepala suborbicularia vel reniformia, circa 2-3 mm longa, circa 4-5 mm lata, margine glandulosa; corolla oblongo-subconoidea, circa 1 cm longa, circa 4-5 mm diametro; stamina 18-33, filamentis applanatis, liberis, inaequalibus, in alabastro 4-6 mm longis, antheris linearibus, 3-5 mm longis, circa 1 mm latis, basi subsagittatis; ovarium circa 2-3 mm diametro, 6-11-loculare. Fructus globosus, circa 9 mm diametro, stylo persistenti ornatus. Typus : Costa Rica, vicinity of Vara Blanca, North slope of Central Cordillera, between Poás and Barba Volcanoes, alt. 1700 m, April 1938, Skutch 3762 (holotype US; isotypes GH, MO, NY, S). Paratypes; Costa Rica: Heredia: Cerro de las Caricias, North of San Isidro. Standley & Valerio 52202, 52248,52375 (US); Panama:Chiriquí: Boquetedistrict, Bajo Chorro, Davidson 398 (GH, US).

Beschreibung: Joseph Gaertner (1732-1791) was the first to develop a carpological taxonomy in his book De fructibus et seminibus plantarum (1788-1791). The scope and background of this work are discussed; its history is sketched on the basis of the Banks correspondence at the British Museum; the main sources of material are listed. A brief outline of Gaertner’s life is given, also mainly based on letters from him and his contemporaries to Joseph Banks.

Beschreibung: Roxburgh, W., Plants of Coromandel, etc. Add (to Fl.Mal. I, 4, 1954, p. CLXXI): cf. D. Wood, Not. R.Bot.Gard.Edinb. 29 (1969) 211-212.

Beschreibung: Dr. B.O. van Zanten, Groningen, will soon finish the revision of Malesian species of Racopilum and Powellia (Racopilaceae). Mr. J.H. Hilbrands has in 1968/69 worked on the species of the genus Papillaria of Malesia and adjacent countries (at Groningen, under supervision of Dr. van Zanten).

Beschreibung: In 1969 Indonesian botany suffered a severe loss by the untimely death of Dr. B. Prijanto, at the end of April. He was the head of the Forest Exploration Division, Forest Research Institute, Bogor. He belonged to that still very small, but admirable circle of young able Indonesian botanists built up in the early sixties, largely through the efforts of Dr. Kostermans. Dr. Prijanto studied palynology for one year at Stockholm, after which he proceeded to Edinburgh where he received a thorough training under Dr. Burtt, working largely on the systematics of Scrophulariaceae, in connection with problems in Gesneriaceae. He was a very nice and energetic man, full of plans for the future exploration of Indonesian forests. Our sympathy goes to his young wife, whom he had married only a few months before. He was a victim of an unfortunate car accident in SW. Celebes. The accident occurred when he was hunting for Eucalyptus with two Australian foresters, who both met an untimely death as well, one of them being Mr. E. Larsen, of Canberra. Another thing that lamed botanical activity at Bogor was the serious trouble which Dr. Kostermans ran into with the police by whom he was detained. We hope that he will soon be cleared and that this will be a mere incident which will not affect his energy nor his enthusiasm for Indonesian botany. Unfortunately, through this mishap, he was unable to lead the Seminars on botany in August, neither could he accompany the British Museum Botanical Expedition to Central Celebes led by Dr. Jermy. These tasks were taken over by Dr. Rifai. Dr. Kostermans was also unable to attend the opening of the partly finished new Herbarium building in October, towards the planning of which he had contributed so much.

Beschreibung: Ashton, P.S.: A Manual of the Dipterocarp Trees of Brunei State and of Sarawak. Supplement. Borneo Literature Bureau, Rock Road, Kuching, Sarawak (Printed by Cathay Press, Hong Kong). 1968. viii + 129 pp., 15 fig., 20 pl. (photogr.), large 8°, clothbound. M$ 18.00 + postage M$ 1.30; bank charges of M$ 1.75 are required on foreign cheques. This ’Supplement’ records all Dipterocarpaceae from Sarawak, to the huge number of 247, 12 of which are yet undescribed by being insufficiently known. In the large Brunei Manual, published by the Oxford University Press (1964), 153 of these species had already been fully described; besides in that book very full evidence was given in many other aspects. This information is not repeated here. The Supplement provides keys (one botanical and one field key in all cases) to genera and all 247 species quoting all Sarawak collections, and providing for a full botanical description of all species not recorded in the Brunei book. It is therefore to be used together with the latter. A great asset as a precursor to the Malesian dipterocarps. The work is excellently printed on good paper.—v.St.

Beschreibung: Brizicky, G.K. (1901-1968) Research Botanist, Harvard Herbarium, died of a heart attack, June 15, 1968.

Beschreibung: In volume 53 of the Arquivos do Museu Nacional (pp. 1-54, 15 fig., 6 tables) there is an interesting ecological account on the vegetation of the famous Itatiaia Range by Mr. F. Segadas-Vianna and Leda Dau (co-author on climatology). The advantage of these two papers (vegetation and climate) is that they provide pertinent data and a fair description.

Beschreibung: 1. A simple technique for acetolysis of small quantities of polliniferous (herbarium) material is described and notes on pollen photomicrography are presented. 2. Pollen grains of Sarawakodendron and six related genera, consisting of twenty-nine mostly Malesian species, have been examined and recorded. 3. The result of pollen study on Kokoona and Lophopetalum agrees with the generic delimitation based on gross morphology. 4. At least four pollen types have been found in the genus Lophopetalum on examination of all the species involved. 5. The pollen of Sarawakodendron shows a great resemblance to that of the related genera Xylonymus and Kokoona. 6. The pollen of Hedraianthera and Brassiantha resembles that of Sarawakodendron, Kokoona, and Xylonymus in aperture configuration, but differs in sculpture and shows in this respect similarity to the pollen of the African Salacighia. 7. In Kokoona coarseness of reticulate sculpture appears correlated with anther characters. This genus can also be easily distinguished from Lophopetalum by its single pollen grains. 8. Parallels are found between the pollen types in Lophopetalum and those in Hippocratea (sens. str.).

Beschreibung: Two widely distributed beach plants, but hitherto unknown from New Guinea, have been found on this small uninhabited island, situated on the southcoast of Kiriwina Subdistrict, 8˚30’ S, 151°05’ E, by Mr A. Gillison, Oct. 1966. Triumfetta procumbens Forst. f. (Tiliaceae) has the huge distribution from the Seychelles in the western Indian to the Tuamotus in the Central Pacific Ocean, but is extremely rare in Malesia, where it has only been collected in the North Moluccas (Sulu and two islets south of Mindanao, further in the Admiralty Is, New Britain, the Solomons, and the Louisiades). Cf. Pacific Plant Areas I (1963) t. II. This is now found in Nubiam Island (NGF 25289).

Beschreibung: In the present work details are given in the first place for the Malesian Icacinaceae, representing the basis of my forthcoming treatment of the family in ‘Flora Malesiana’ in which full descriptions of the Malesian genera and species will be given. Being connected closely with the Icacinaceae of South and Southeast Asia on the one, and with Australia and the Pacific on the other side, and in part even with those of Africa inch Madagascar, it has been necessary to study the respective materials too, without, however, to perform a complete revision of all Icacinaceae in these parts of the world. This was the less necessary, as R. A. Howard (1940—42) already has revised part of the genera concerned. The elaboration of the family in several local treatments has much contributed to our knowledge of the family for Africa. Of the genera formerly included in Asiatic-Malesian Icacinaceae Leucocorema Ridl. has been transferred to Trichadenia Thwait., Matpania Gagnep. to Bouea Meisn., and Petitastira Ridl. to Dichapetalum Thou.

Beschreibung: Of 75 regions, some continental and others insular, the diversity as expressed in the number of Phanerogam genera is compared. As could be expected it is found that richness in both continental and insular regions is positively correlated with size and with proximity to source areas. In comparable continental and insular regions the former are always richer; increase in the number of genera with increasing size is stronger in the former. There are various factors disturbing the relations between size/diversity and isolation/diversity. The role of these factors, such as climate, age, topography and the like are discussed. It is shown that isolated islands are not always poor (New Caledonia, Fiji, Lord Howe I., Rapa, etc.). On the other hand the poverty of islands (e.g. New Zealand) need not be primarily due to the distance from a source area but may be caused by impoverishment of an originally rich flora. Once isolated, an island flora is much more subject to losses than a continental area where the losses in general may be readily replenished. It would be wrong therefore to conclude on the basis of poverty that an island has always been as much isolated as it is at present. Not only are isolated islands in general poorer in genera, there are also less genera per family than in a comparable continental area. This is shown to be caused by a preponderance of families represented by a single genus in the former.

Beschreibung: Compared with the other vertebrate groups the Amphibia of the island of Trinidad are relatively poorly known. There have been four surveys of the group, one in the last century and the others in the earlier part of the present. The earliest is that of MOLE & URICH (1894) in which twelve species are listed and a brief account given of the breeding habits of one species, and another species listed later in the same source. Approximately thirty years later Roux (1926) examined a collection made by KUGLER and reported fourteen species. A year later LUTZ (1927) visited the island and made a collection listing fourteen species giving brief notes on their distribution. Apart from these references, which are essentially nothing more than lists of species, there has been only one comprehensive study of the group, that of PARKER (1933) which was based on collections made by URICH and VESEY-FITZGERALD, in which twentythree species are listed and in which a key to identification is presented. A year later PARKER (1934) reviewed a minor taxonomic problem and described a new species of Gastrotheca from the island. There are, of course, scattered references to Trinidad amphibia in the literature falling generally into two groups, those dealing with limited collections or particular aspects of life histories of individual species and those in which particular groups of species are being reviewed. In the former category are the papers of BEEBE (1952), DITMARS (1941), GANS (1956), KENNY (1956 and 1966) and in the latter those of DUELLMAN (1956), DUNN (1949), FUNKHOUSER (1957), GALLARDO (1961 and 1965), PARKER (1937) and RIVERO (1961). There is no doubt that there is need for a general study and review of the Amphibia of the island. Since PARKER’S study was published, the names of nine of the twenty-three species have been altered in one way or another, some even at the generic level, while two hitherto unrecorded species have been found. Apart from this, however, there has been surprisingly little recorded on general life histories of the Trinidad species or of mainland representatives of these species. Admittedly some species are comparatively well known but these are mostly forms with peculiar life histories or habits, for example Pipa pipa, Pseudis paradoxus and possibly Bufo marinus, which would attract the attention of herpetologists. Nevertheless, the bulk of the species remain nothing more than names in taxonomic reviews. While the adult forms may be fairly well known taxonomically, most of the tadpoles are still unknown. A search of the literature, both of Trinidad forms as well as mainland forms has revealed descriptions only of three forms.

Beschreibung: The Carboniferous sediments of the thrust structures between the Porma and Bernesga rivers (map 2) and the headwaters of a tribuary of the Luna River (map 3) are described. In the lithostratigraphic chapter, the Vegamián, Alba, Escapa and San Emiliano formations are described, ranging in age from the Tournaisian to the lowermost Westfalian. The Alba and Escapa formations are subdivided into three and two members, respectively. An attempt has been made to reconstruct the palaeoecological conditions during sedimentation. The palaeoecological interpretation is based mainly on the productoids and chonetoids, but other palaeontological and lithological evidence has also been used. Many faunal assemblages have been found, which are comparable to those described by Moore (1964) from Pennsylvanian and Permian deposits in Kansas (U.S.A.). A short sedimentary history is given in chapter IV. A systematic study has been made of the Carboniferous representatives of two suborders of the phylum Brachiopoda: the Productidina and the Chonetidina. 22 Genera of the Productacea are described. They are represented by 51 species and subspecies, three of which are new. The new species are Levipustula breimeri, Karavankina rakuszi and K. wagneri. Twelve species and subspecies of seven different genera are described from the family Chonetidae. The investigation of these brachiopods resulted in a reappraisal of the Spanish Carboniferous productoids and chonetoids, combined with the description of a number of elements previously unknown in Spain. The genus Karavankina is described in some detail since only a short introductory note (Ramovs, 1966) has been published previously. A pedicle sheath is described for the first time for the genus Chonetipustula. The groove in the internal moulds of small pedicle valves of that genus are shown to be due to a groove anterior to the pedicle sheath, and not to a median septum as supposed by previous authors. A comparison of the faunas with those of other areas leads to some interesting conclusions. The fauna of the Vegamián Formation is closely comparable with German faunas of a slightly younger, distinctly Viséan age. The fauna appears to be dependent on the type of sediment deposited, viz. black shales, and not so much on the stratigraphic age. Van Ginkel (1965b) has dated the top of the Escapa Formation on the basis of fusulinids as Lower Bashkirian. The productoid assemblage of these deposits is unique and consists mainly of forms found in the Visean of north-western Europe, together with a few genera and species known from Moscovian and even younger strata elsewhere. The upper Bashkirian and the lowermost Moscovian faunas in Spain become more cosmopolitan, the Viséan and Namurian elements being replaced by new ones. In Moscovian strata, it is found that the fauna shows close relationships with the faunas described from Russia and China as well as with those found in the Westfalian marine bands of north-western Europe. The Carboniferous faunas in nord-west Spain apparently belong to the Europe Tian-Shan faunal province, because the productoid fauna as well as the fusulinid fauna agree with those described for this province (Einor et al., 1965). It seems that Karavankina should be added as another characteristic genus for this faunal province. It occurs from the Cantabrian Mountains to China. The Kasimovian productoids belong to the Moscovian genera, but differ at a specific level.

Beschreibung: Microtextures of calcite in recent caliche are similar to those of authigenic calcite in Upper Carboniferous, Permian and Lower Triassic continental sandstones and mudstones in the South-Central Pyrenees, Spain. Except for one profile in the Permian, no complete caliche profiles containing calcrete occur in the ancient deposits. It is suggested that the fossil authigenic calcite crystallized in early stages of diagenesis under climatic conditions favourable to the development of caliche.

Beschreibung: During a voyage to the West Indies undertaken in 1963-1964 Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK collected many specimens of marine organisms from Piscadera Baai, Curaçao, as a basis for the compilation of a preliminary list of the local fauna and flora. This paper deals with the styelid ascidians which dr. HUMMELINCK entrusted to me and whose study has formed the subject of a student’s nine-month practical course in taxonomy. Only three species, amongst the material collected from Piscadera Bay, seemed to be well enough characterized for them not to need revision. They are Styela partita (Stimpson), 1852, Polyandrocarpa (Eusynstyela) tincta (Van Name), 1902, and Symplegma viride Herdman, 1886. It has, therefore, been necessary to compare my material with earlier collections.

Beschreibung: The genus Kozlowskiellina Boucot, 1957, which comprises about nine species, has a stratigraphic range from Wenlock (Middle Silurian) up to the Upper Emsian (Lower Devonian). In this paper, several characters are described: the micro-ornamentation, the internal characters of the pedicle valve, and the interior of the brachial valve. With respect to these three characters, there is a great diversity within the genus, especially in the pedicle valve, some of the species having dental plates and others lacking these structures. In addition to the description of the micro-ornamentation, a functional interpretation of some features of this ornamentation is given. Because of the diversity, it seems impossible to describe the genus with one chosen type species. Therefore, a historic interpretation is given that represents the essence of the genus. A genus is a group of species which are historically closely related; a description of a genus is the description of the morphological history of that genus. Consequently, an attempt has been made in this paper to define the historic relationship between the different species within the historic group of the genus Kozlowskiellina.

Beschreibung: The present relative inaccessibility of Cuba to citizens of the United States has been particularly disappointing since very much still remains for the herpetologist to do in that country. In particular, the province of Oriente is very inadequately known; we know just enough to be aware how much remains uncertain or uninvestigated. The collections at present available point to a truly extraordinary complexity without providing the materials to delineate or understand it. The fauna of the very small area directly available to Americans – the Guantánamo Naval Base – in itself demonstrates some of the surprises and problems but offers a mere taste of the richness in both regards of the province as a whole. The Base has deserved closer attention than it has received. Many species have been described from it (or the vaguer locality “Guantanamo”).

Beschreibung: DUNN (1926) first proposed that the multiplicity of Cuban species of Eleutherodactylus be separated into four groups. One of these, the auriculatus group, was characterized by him as having a granular belly, short (= patch-like) vomerine series, well developed digital discs, and an external vocal sac in the males. Such a diagnosis has proved increasingly valuable in arranging Cuban Eleutherodactylus, and has resulted (SCHWARTZ, 1965a) in a dendrogram showing the proposed relationships of the members of this assemblage in Cuba. As knowledge of the habits and calls of West Indian frogs has increased, it has become evident that the auriculatus group is widespread throughout both the Greater and Lesser Antilles; in addition to the structural features noted by DUNN, certain characteristics of habitat, habits, and voice show that there is a striking uniformity in these patterns as well. The purpose of the present paper is to summarize the current knowledge of the auriculatus group members in the West Indies. Much of my work in Cuba was under the sponsorship of two National Science Foundation grants (G-3865 and G-6252), and for this financial assistance I am very grateful. Some of the details of calls and calling sites have been reported by my associates in the field: I wish to express my sincere gratitude for their assistance to Miss PATRICIA A. HEINLEIN and Messrs. RONALD F. KLINIKOWSKI, DAVID C. LEBER, and RICHARD THOMAS. Of the 37 species under discussion, I have heard calling and handled all but three in the field; such intimate association is invaluable with these frogs.

Beschreibung: The Alpine-type ultramafic mass of Étang de Lers in the French Pyrenees (the type locality of lherzolite) is transected by a number of hornblendite veins. These veins cut through the lherzolite-pyroxenite layering and obviously are the youngest ultramafic rocks present. Geological field evidence and petrofabric analysis indicate that the whole mass, including the hornblendite veins, was emplaced among Mesozoic sediments as a solid block in Upper Albian or Lower Cenomanian time, immediately before the main phase of Alpine orogenic movements. The rocks of the ultramafic mass are metamorphic tectonites affected by two Alpine sets of fracture cleavages. They do not show, however, any effects of the Alpine low-grade regional metamorphism that affected the country rocks. A detailed study of this ultramafic mass is given in the Ph. D. thesis by Avé Lallemant (1967). K-Ar age measurements were made on the hornblende from a hornblendite vein. The sample was collected at an altitude of 1365 m, about 175 m E. of the northern shore of l’Estagnon (the small pond S. W. of the Etang de Lers). Hornblende makes up about 75 % of the vein rock. Subordinate constituents are brownish augite and opaque ore minerals. The hornblende has a somewhat patchy appearance, with pleochroism from Z = dark yellowish brown (locally with slightly greenish tinge) to Y = brown to chesnut-brown and X = colourless, nz = 1.702 ± 0.002, nx \u2248 1.672, Z/c = 6° and 2VX = 80°. Part of the hornblende crystals are slightly bent.

Beschreibung: In Westphalian strata of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Palencia, Spain, the sphinctozoan sponges Amblysiphonella and Cystauletes are quite common; Sollasia is much rarer. This is the first occurrence of Cystauletes in Europe. The great variability of Amblysiphonella barroisi and Cystauletes mammilosus is demonstrated with abundant material. One new species Cystauletes maior is described. All three genera are associated with Dasycladaceae, which indicates a very shallow water environment.

Beschreibung: The Lancara Formation is a unit of carbonate sediments of Lower to Middle Cambrian age in the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain. The formation is divisible into a Dolomite Member, a Limestone Member and a Griotte Member. The Dolomite Member and the Limestone Member consist mainly of very shallow marine carbonate sediments, devoid of any fossils. Algal structures like stromatolites and oncolites are the only traces of Cambrian life found in them. It is likely that the Dolomite Member represents a sebkha-facies since it is mainly composed of finely to medium crystalline dolomites with intraformational breccias and ‘birdseye’ structures. The limestones are predominantly intrasparudites with stromatolites and oncolites. Locally the limestones have been subaerially exposed in Cambrian times. The Limestone Member is overlain by the Griotte Member. Locally the contact is disconformable. The Griotte Member is composed of red, argillaceous, nodular limestones and shales. These are very fossiliferous and contain glauconite-like pellets (muscovite-1M). The red color of the sediment is due to dispersed hematite. The nodular structure can have been caused by pressure solution, burrowing or brecciation. The formation as a whole represents a transgressive marine sequence. It starts with sebkha-like deposits and changes upward via algal limestones (algal reef?) into open marine biosparudites and biomicrudites and shales. The subaerial exposure and disconformable contact might indicate a local uplift and local regression of the sea prior to the deposition of the Griotte Member. A brief survey on trace elements (Cu, Co, Ni, Sr) was carried out with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In the ‘sebkha’ dolomites Cu values showed peaks where the dolomites contain argillaceous matter. Co and Ni were predominantly concentrated in the algal limestones and the Griotte Member. Sr values were high in the algal limestones and in a shale bed underlying the stromatolite bed. The dolomites had generally a low Sr. content. The amount of Sr in the Griotte Member was also lower than in the algal limestones.

Beschreibung: 1. From 54 female fin whales chosen at random from a greater number of animals from which data and material were collected during the Antarctic whaling season 1962/1963, records have been made of the baleen plates and the ear plugs. For the records the complete baleen plates including the part of the plates embedded in the gum are used. All ear plugs used for this study were complete and undamaged. 2. According to their ovaries and baleen records 50 animals were sexually mature, 4 animals were sexually immature. 3. In each individual the record of the complete baleen plate is entirely comparable to the record of the ear plug, in its general trend and in the sequence of peaks and hollows. Also the regular cyclic repetition found in the records of the baleen plates is present in the records of the ear plugs. The comparison of the records of baleen plates with those of ear plugs is only possible when it starts with the last formed part, forming the basis of the core of the plug and the first part of the cortex of the baleen plate deep in the gum, because these represent both the same moment in the life of the animal which is exactly known, viz. the moment in which the growth stopped due to the death of the animal. Table III “Growth periods” in the ear plug, per period the mean length number of animals i ii m rv V VI vn VIII IX 4 69 2 53 56 8 62 68 72 8 70 67 73 71 10 63 64 63 61 59 5 59 57 60 63 58 57 6 54 57 61 56 58 58 59 5 69 72 68 67 67 65 65 62 1 66 58 51 62 59 54 49 64 48 total mean 63 64 66 64 60 60 61 63 48 4. In the records of baleen plates and ear plugs of a number of immature animals the “double hump” or a part of it was found at the right hand side of both. In some of the animals an “ovulation peak” was present at the same time at the beginning (left hand end) in the record of the baleen plate and ear plug; in both in the same position with respect to the surrounding peaks and hollows. This is also true for the records of ear plugs and baleen plates of older females. 5. The records of the ear plugs can be divided into “growth periods” according to what is done in the records of the baleen plates. In each individual the division between the “growth periods” in the record of the ear plug are in the same position with respect to the sequence of the surrounding peaks and hollows as is found in the record of the complete baleen plate. In both records the cyclic repetition of peaks and hollows in the successive “growth periods” is clear. 6. In 21% of the animals examined the number of “growth periods” in the record of the ear plug is equal to the number present in the record of the baleen plate. In 17% of the animals examined the number of “growth periods” in the record of the baleen plate was lower (1 to 3 “growth periods”) than was found in the record of the ear plug. In 62% of the animals examined the number of “growth periods” in the baleen plate was greater (1 to 6 periods) than was found in the ear plug. 7. Evidence was put foreward that the increase in length of the ear plug is obstructed after the animal has reached a certain age. This moment is not the same for all animals but is probably related to the various “constitution types” present in the catch. It is shown that in the distal end of the ear plug the length of the “growth periods” suddenly decreases, so only a certain maximum number of “growth periods” can be found. In the baleen plate the same situation exists due to wear at the tip of the plate. For these reasons the exact age of a fin whale can only be determined as long as wear at the tip of the baleen plate and compression of the distal layers of the ear plug does not occur. 8. From the evidence put foreward it is clear that age determination in fin whales by simply counting the layers present in the core of the ear plug is far too subjective and does not give reliable results. In our opinion best results for age determination in fin whales are obtained by counting the corpora present in the ovaries of females. When this number is divided by the mean ovulation rate (1.25, see Van Utrecht-Cock, 1966) and by adding 6 years (mean number of years before attainment of sexual maturity) the age of the animals calculated in this way is reasonably accurate.

Beschreibung: The vegetation was studied of a number of savannas in northern and southern Surinam, and in French Guiana. The results are compared in particular with the vegetation classification proposed earlier for northern Surinam, and with some records from the northern Rupununi Savanna, Guyana (Van Donselaar 1965). The savannas studied near Brownsweg (northern Surinam) have vegetation types that correspond completely with those of some other savannas of the same geological-pedological type more to the North, as described before. New is the finding of a type of scrub bordering the savanna, being the scrub equivalent of a type of bushes described earlier as the Marlierea type. On the top and the slopes of the Blauwe Berg near Berg en Dal (northern Surinam) an anthropogenic savanna has developed. Two new vegetation types are recorded here that belong to the alliance Rhynchosporo-Trachypogonion. At the foot of the hill a flat savanna supports a vegetation that gives the impression of being of recent origin and unbalanced. It appears possible to apply the existing classification to the communities found on savannas near Cayenne (French Guiana). In this area the conspicuous Byrsonima verbascifolia (var. villosa fo. spathulata) occurs in several undescribed vegetation types that belong to various entities. A xerophilous and a hygrophilous community of Byrsonima verbascifolia are distinguished, belonging to the Rhynchosporo-Trachypogonion and the Bulbostylidion lanatae, respectively. On the Sipaliwini Savanna in southern Surinam most vegetation types do not fit into one of the existing alliances. However, if new alliances would be described, it should be possible to include them into the existing orders. There probably is an alliance, called here “communities of Trachypogon plumosus and Bulbostylis spadicea”, that might be regarded as the southern counterpart of the Rhynchosporo-Trachypogonion in the order Trachypogonetalia plumosi, and a supposed alliance with much Rhynchospora graminea and R. globosa might have the same position with regard to the Imperato-Mesosetion in the order Paspaletalia pulchelli. Among the communities that might be included in the alliance Axonopodion chrysitidis there is one occurring on sandy soil without a hog-wallow structure at the surface. Floristically it has connections with the Paspaletalia pulchelli but it also has many characteristic species of its own. Whether this community has to be placed in a distinct alliance will have to depend on the results of further investigations in this area. Anyhow, more data are needed for the drafting of a complete picture of the rich and interesting Sipaliwini Savanna. On a savanna south-west of the airstrip “Sipaliwini” (southern Surinam) the vegetation consists mainly of communities belonging to the Bulbostylidion lanatae. Summarizing the above-mentioned results, one may say that a number of communities not studied before are added to the picture of the savanna vegetation of the Guianas. It proved possible to integrate these communities without much difficulty in the classification presented earlier that so far has functioned as a practical framework.

Beschreibung: A pollen diagram from a lake in the former bed of the eastern arm of Lake Agassiz in northern Minnesota records a vegetation of spruce forest followed by immigration successively of Pinus banksiana and (or) P. resinosa at 10 000 B.P., then Abies and Pteridium, and still later Alnus. Between 8000 and 7000 B.P. prairie and (or) Quercus savanna prevailed on the uplands, followed by deciduous forests of mainly Quercus, Ostrya virginiana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and possibly Populus sp. Slightly later, Pinus strobus migrated into the area, resulting in a gradual decline of pollen of deciduous forest types. Betula pollen, however, rises, and there is an indication of a return to prairie conditions prior to 3000 B.P. During the 8000-7000 B.P. dry interval the lowland vegetation consisted of fens of Typha latifolia, Dryopteris thelypteris, and Cyperaceae. Later paludification and lateral expansion of the peatland gave rise to rather rich swamps of Picea mariana, Larix laricina, Alnus rugosa, and Thuja occidentalis. There are some conspicuous peaks of Myrica in the pollen diagram. The time after 3000 B.P. is characterized by much Pinus strobus pollen and minima of deciduous trees and herbs. In the lowlands, formation of raised bogs and poor swamps and fens began, indicating a shift in climate towards wetter conditions. The arrival of white man in the area is reflected by the rise of Ambrosia. The shifts in overall peatland types are clearly accompanied by changes in the species composition of Pediastrum in Myrtle Lake, indicating corresponding changes in the lake waters.

Beschreibung: In his preliminary revision of the genus Ceratopteris Benedict (1909) distinguished four species: C. thalictraides (L.) Brongn., C. pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron., C. deltoidea Benedict, and C. lockhartii (Hook. & Grev.) Kunze. Two more names were said to deserve further investigation: C. cornuta (Palisot) LePrieur and C. gaudichaudii Brongn. Since then the first four have not been in dispute, C. cornuta has become generally recognized, and C. gaudichaudii has remained doubtful (Fosberg, 1958). Most of the species of Ceratopteris are widely distributed. Ceratopteris thalictroides occurs in tropical Asia, Australia, and America (Benedict, 1909; Morton, 1967). Ceratopteris pteridoides is known from tropical America, subtropical South America, and continental tropical and subtropical eastern Asia (De Vol, 1957). Ceratopteris deltoidea is now known only from Florida, Central America, Jamaica, Porto Rico, Guyana, and Surinam. It has probably disappeared from Louisiana (Benedict, 1909; De Vol, 1956). Ceratopteris lockhartii is known from Trinidad, Guyana, and French Guiana (Benedict, 1909), C. cornuta from tropical and subtropical Africa, and C. gaudichaudii from Guam.

Beschreibung: A general description of the structure of the wood of the Rubiaceae is given, based on examination of samples from most subfamilies. The results of the author’s investigation are compared with the data in the literature. The features of vessels, rays, and parenchyma agree well with those reported by other investigators. When the fibres are divided into libriform fibres and fibre tracheids in the sense of Janssonius, the correlation between the distribution of these organs and recent taxonomic subdivisions of the family is better than when all fibres with bordered pits are regarded as fibre tracheids.

Beschreibung: Frutex scandens. Folia petiolis 4-8 mm longis; lamina coriacea, obovatooblonga vel oblonga vel interdum lanceolata, valde asymmetrica, 7-14 cm longa, 2.5-5 cm lata, apice subacuta vel leviter acuminata vel obtusa, basi cuneala vel acuta, costa supra plana vel prominula, subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra et subtus plerumque prominentibus; glandulae hypophyllae minutae, saepe vix manifestae, secus marginem seriatim dispositae vel dispersae. Flores in racemis multifloris (ad 50 vel ultra); rhachis 10-15 cm longa, ochracea, furfuraceo-puberula; pedicelli 1-2 cm longi, ca 1 mm in diametro, subtiliter ochraceo-puberuli; nectaria calcariformia, auriculata, parva, ad ca 1 cm longa, calcari clavato, 5-7 mm longo, 1-2 mm in diametro, auriculis calcari paulo brevioribus, 3-4 mm longis; bracteolae perlate triangulares, 1-1.5 mm longae, 1.5-2 mm latae; sepala transverse subelliptica vel suborbicularia, ca 1.5 mm longa, 2-2.5 mm lata; petala oblonga, 4-6 mm longa, 2-3 mm lata, ad basim circa per 1 mm connata, per anthesim reflexa; stamina 5, filamentis applanatis, 3-3.5 mm longis, ad basim ca 1 mm latis, apicem versus angustatis, basibus petalorum insertis, antheris ca 1.5 mm longis; ovarium quinquangulare, 5-loculare, stigmate sessili, crasso, radiato-lobato. typus: Colombia: Chocó: Banks of Quebrada Togoromá, dense tidal forest, June 13, 1944, Killip & Cuatrecasas 39146 (holotype US; isotypes F, MO). Paratypes: Colombia: Valle: Río Calima (región del Chocó); margen derecha, lomas frente a Quebrada de la Brea, Cuatrecasas 21090 (F); Nariño; Western Cordillera, above Diviso (Njambí), Vogel 64 (U).

Beschreibung: In this second paper on the biosystematics of the Dutch halophilous Spergularia species, the results are reported of a study of the morphological variation of S. marina by means of population samples from all parts of the Dutch area. This study was supplemented by the rearing of plants from seed samples in the experimental garden. The seeds of S. marina are usually unwinged, but some plants also produce a few broadly winged seeds and in one population plants occur whose proximal capsules contain mainly broadly winged seeds. The differences between the populations persist in cultivation and are chiefly attributable to genetic differences. Winged seeds are upon the average larger and heavier than unwinged ones and also produce larger seedlings than the latter. The relative lengths of fruiting calyx and capsule do not provide a reliable diagnostic character in respect of S. media. The number of stamens per flower varies from 0 to 10 and there are great individual differences in numbers, but in certain plants the average number is always high and in other ones always low. These differences are partly caused by heriditary factors. The growth habit and some other vegetative characters vary too widely to be of appreciable taxonomic significance.

Beschreibung: No more tragic a sentence on the future of Philippine forests has ever been uttered than that of the Vice-President. ”To plant five million hectares is no mean joke,” he said. ”This area, equivalent to 17 percent of the total land area of the Philippines, make up our denuded lands.” How this came about is the saddest aspect of the failure of the past administrations to enforce the laws and to preserve the richest resources of the country. The kaingineros and the ruthless adventurers in the logging industry rode and are still riding (on the basis of licenses secured through influence) roughshod over the stringent laws which protect our forests.

Beschreibung: Dr. J.A.R. Anderson made a botanical expedition to Bt. Tibang, the topographical centre of Borneo in mid-1969. He wrote that it was ”most successful”. Taking into consideration the usual reticence of British explorers, to which Dr. Anderson makes no exception, this exuberant expression points to an exceptional boon in the unravelling of Bornean botany. Mrs. Gemma Cruz Araneta has been appointed Director of the National Museum, Manila, vice Prof. Galo B. Ocampo. She was at one time the Chief Guide and Information Writer of the same office. The holder of a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Foreign Service, she has travelled extensively all over the world, observing museums particularly in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia. She has been the recipient of several awards given by the Philippine Government for public service, and from private organizations for journalism. Incidentally, she won the beauty title of ”Miss International” for 1964 in Long Beach, California.

Beschreibung: In 1968 we lost the last of the group of old-time botanists of the Treub period of the Botanic Gardens at Bogor, with the passing away of Prof. Dr. A. Ernst, of Zürich, Sept. 17th, 1968, in the age of 94. Apart from deafness he fortunately remained well until the last. We visited him Aug. 24, 1968, together with Prof. Dr. Markgraf, and it was remarkable to see how vividly he remembered details from his stays in Java. Born in Winterthur, 1875, he stayed most of his life in Zürich where he became an extra-ordinary professor of general botany in 1905, ordinary professor in 1909. He initiated his appointment with his first tour to Java, 1905/06, through a grant of the Swiss Buitenzorg Fund, where he travelled widely, also outside the island. In the company of Campbell, Backer, and Pulle he went also to Krakatau. His restless industry led him to write several reports on this subject in 1907, and later in 1934. Another subject in which this man of wide learning became deeply absorbed was the anatomy and embryology of saprophytes, on which subject he published a series of papers, together with his compatriot Dr. Ch. Bernard. In 1918 he published a great work ”Bastardierung als Ursache der Apogamie im Pflanzenreich”, a hypothesis of experimental and phylogenetic genetics. Since 1922 he was interested in the genetics of Primula on which he experimented and published lavishly. In 1930/31 he made another large study exploration in the East, on which he was accompanied by his second wife, Martha Ernst-Schwarzenbach, a former pupil of his. I vividly remember their pride in having found, at Pasar Ikan, in the Bay of Djakarta, proof of the sexual propagation in Caulerpa. Flower biology and its genetics had his life-long interest; on these subjects he published lavishly in the Archiv of the Julius Klaus Stiftung. Several theses were prepared by his pupils on material collected by him during his two tours. He left us an extra-ordinarily large oeuvre, as the works on the East are only part of the whole work he accomplished. In honour of his 70th birthday a large ”Festgabe” was published in the Archiv Julius Klaus Stiftung, 1945, 568 pp. Mrs. Ernst was specialized in the study of waterplants, their morphology, pollination, etc. She was also a lecturer in the University of Zürich. She was of course much younger than her husband and very vigorous. In his later years she drove him on long tours through Europe and about seven years ago they visited us en route. She must have been a great help to him, also in pursuing his genetical experiments. It was a great blow to him that she died quite suddenly in August 1967. A second old-timer, as devoted as Prof. Ernst to the East, has passed away. Mrs. Mary Strong Clemens died at Chermside Garden Settlement, a home for the aged in the suburbs of Brisbane, on April 13th, 1968, aged 94 or 95. Mrs. Clemens was a remarkable woman, small of stature, but extremely tough, tireless, and fantastically active, simple-minded but extremely kind, devoted to plants and especially to collecting in the wilds; she had a remarkable memory and form-knowledge of plants, but was without ambition to do herself botanical research. Both she and her husband were very religious and this formed an essential part of their life: they lived as Christians, always trusting in God and seeing the good in man. Each meal was preceded by a simple religious song. Though shy by nature she was extremely persevering to convert people and at some time she had a mania to convert me from humanism towards her true religion. Her interesting botanical letters always included clippings from the Scripture. Her most amiable husband, risen from an emigrated miner from Cornwall to the status of Chaplain of the American Army, when pensioned, lived with her in the most simple way. Botany, once her hobby, stimulated by the late Dr. Merrill in the Philippines already as early as 1905, served for them to accumulate money for missionary purpose. Thus he shared her hazards in the forest where she, notwithstanding all the odds of the primitive way of camping and camp gear, of food and clothing, managed to collect an immense number of plants. They employed a few native collectors and thus it came that sometimes errors on habit occur on the labels, as a native collector telling her the plant was an ’akar’, it could be an epiphyte or a climber. Also the zeal to make as many duplicates as possible meant sometimes scrappy material and halved twigs, the making of the sets being mostly done by Clemens, the ticketing by herself. But the bulk of huge material in our herbaria, forming a true scientific memorial of their joint activity, is a worthy testimony of their activity. Clemens himself had little botanical knowledge and interest but he acted as her manager, buying even her clothes and stockings, not always of the proper size. But all these outward things were entirely irrelevant in the distinctly harmonious life of this devoted couple, which in all respects commanded admiration by all of us. I knew them well because they stayed at Bogor for many months in 1932 where I assisted her in the arrangement and pre-identification of their Kinabalu collection made in 1931. He was then 70 and she 60, both still strong and quite insensitive to climate or what else, supported by their faith. To save carrier money she stayed fearless camping and collecting on Kinabalu summit for a fortnight alone, trusting God to look after her, as she told me. During their later collecting work in New Guinea they paid the toll for the primitive way of forest life they led in order to keep expenses low, as he died in 1936, we heard, of food poisoning. I remember their luggage as they came from Kinabalu, with an old guni sack, containing a large piece of bacon green with fungi and some old battered tins of canned food, which they said should by all means be preserved for their next stay on Kinabalu. Her strong faith must have been a great help to overcome the grief of his death. Death meant little to the Clemenses, as according to their philosophy ”there is a natural body and a spiritual body, and I will be clothed by a new body.” Her own, tired, outworn body was turned over to the medical authorities, I heard from Dr. Degener, as she thought it might be of some use to them. She went on collecting for the dual purpose of pursuing her useful scientific collecting hobby and earning money as far as she could for missionary purposes now standing alone for this job. Most unfortunately her immense and extremely valuable Saruwaged collection and herself were caught by the war and though she was, I believe to have heard, exchanged with Japanese prisoners, her collections remained in New Guinea and are in all probability practically lost. During my stay in Japan I have seen in Tokyo a few bundles of duplicates at the University and in the National Museum, obviously shipped during the war. But these could be only a fragment of the certainly immense store she had made of probably about 10.000 collections! They were still in their original packing and had the familiar smell of smoke, because she used during field work to store dried material in racks above the smoke of fires in order to keep them dry and free of insects. After the war she lived in Brisbane and notwithstanding her age went on collecting in Queensland; she had for some time a small niche adjoint to the already so much cramped Brisbane Herbarium. By this concise life sketch and personal impression I want to bring a tribute to both of the Clemenses, ranging foremost among the great collectors in Malesia, a couple quite apart, to be admired and remembered.

Beschreibung: In the Flore générale de l’Indochine, 217 families have been described, 1794 genera, c. 9000 species. There is an amount of endemism, on the basis of which attempts have been made towards an inner subdivision of the region. The problem is, that the endemism is of uncertain status. A few percentages in specific endemism are compared: in Capparis, Gagnepain 1939 has 70%, Jacobs 1961 has 24%, in Dillenia, Gagnepain 1938 has 53%, Hoogland 1952 has 12%, in Knema, Lecomte 1914 has 40%, Sinclair 1961 has 0%, in Rhododendron, Dop 1930 has 59%, Sleumer 1958 has 38%, in Anacardiaceae, Lecomte 1908 has 41%, Tardieu-Blot 1962 has 37%, in Connaraceae, Gagnepain 1951 has 76%, Vidal 1962 has 11%, in Sapotceae, Lecomte 1930 has 83%, Aubréville 1963 has 66%. Similar considerations hold for generic endemism. Five percent seems to he endemic, but several genera have heen wrongly placed: Hadongia (Bignon.) = Citharexylum (Verben.); Tardiella (Canell.) = Casearia (Flac.); Saxifragites (Euph.) = Distylium (Hamam.); Capusia (Ochnac.) = Siphonodon (Hippocrat.); Ailanthopsis (Simar.) and Picroderma (Simar.) = Trichilia (Meliac.); Tetramyxis (Simar.) = Allospondias (Anac.); Kerrdora (Thymel.) = Cryptocarya (Laur.).

Beschreibung: Dr. B.C. Stone, the present Head of the Botany Unit, is continuing his investigations on Pandanaceae, which form the major research work; and on Rutaceae and Araliaceae, two other families which are his favorites. The genus Freycinetia is the nearest to completion; it is expected to have about 180-200 species when completed monographically. Pandanus is being studied partly at the micromorphological level, and studies of leaf anatomy and cytology and embryology are and have been carried out, with much of this work in the hands of research students. The results of explorations in Mauritius, Madagascar, and East Africa are being readied for publication, including several large papers on the rich pandan-region of Madagascar. This work has been done with the considerable aid of Mr. J.-L. Guillaumet of ’ORSTOM’ in Tananarive, who is continuing to collect material and has found much of interest. Regional treatments of Freycinetia in Borneo, of the same genus in Malaya, of Pandanus in Malaya and of this species in Borneo, are nearly ready for publication or are already in press. A review of Java Pandanaceae is being prepared. A review of Sumatran Pandanaceae is next contemplated. In Rutaceae, the long-awaited monograph of the Hawaiian genus Pelea has finally appeared (Phanerog. Monogr. Tom. III, J. Cramer Verlag, 1969). Also the treatment of Rutaceae for the new Tree Flora of Malaya (ed. T.C. Whitmore) is in preparation. Work in Araliaceae is presently quiescent except a report on some chromosome studies of Polyscias which is to appear in the J. Jap. Bot. in 1969. The MS for the ’Flora of Guam’ is now with the printers and should be out within 2 years of this writing (Sept. 1969). It will appear in the journal ’Micronesica’ (which Dr. Stone founded and continues to co-edit). The then College of Guam has now become the University of Guam (Agana).

Beschreibung: Bailey, Irving Widmer (1884-1967) R.H. Wetmore, Phytomorphology 18 (1968) 294-298, phot. Dennstedt, A.W. H. Manitz, August Wilhelm Dennstedt’s Schlüssel zum Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. Taxon 17 (1968) 496-501, 2 tab.). — Rather extensive survey; validly published names are listed, as well as the nomina.

Beschreibung: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae – b) Fungi & Lichenes – c) Bryophytes – d) Pteridophytes – e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk.

Beschreibung: Dr. J.A.R. Anderson was on long leave during 1968 and worked in the Edinburgh Herbarium. He is engaged in writing a Manual of the Peat Swamp Forests of Sarawak. This will be primarily for departmental use though it will include descriptions of all arboreal species. In future he intends to write a monograph on the ecology of the peat swamps for Borneo. He retired as Conservator of Forest at Kuching, but will return to assume the post of Head of Research of the Forestry Service, in connection with a five-year plan. Mr. Gilbert Bocquet has been appointed as Konservator der Botanischen Sammlungen, E.T.H., Zürich.

Beschreibung: For the most part the species or specific names discussed belong to the genus Polyporus sensu stricto; a few of them belong to Albatrellus S. F. Gray and Coltricia S. F. Gray. It appears not only that the taxonomy of many species is far from settled but also that quite a number of protologues have never been scrutinized with care. Here an attempt is made to emend the names of a number of species. Further studies are needed before some of these species can be definitively delimitated and their nomenclature determined. Polyporus agariceus (König) ex Berk. sensu Bourd. & G. is called P. anisoporus Mont.; P. picipes Fr., P. badius (Pers.) ex S. F. Gray; P. lentus Berk, and allied forms are referred to P. floccipes Rostk., &c. A recapitulation at the end of the paper briefly reviews many of the conclusions.

Beschreibung: Ascobolus amethystinus Phill. and Peziza phillipsii Cooke are studied. The two are considered to be synonyms. The new combination Jafneadelphus amethystinus (Phill.) Brumm. is proposed. Saccobolus succineus Brumm. is described as a new species from Thailand.

Beschreibung: Lepisanthes in the broad sense accepted in the present revision comprises several genera and even two tribes as they were defined by Radlkofer in his Monograph of the family (Pfl. R. Heft 98). An argumentation for this new delimitation has been given in the first part of Chapter II. By analysing the phylogeny of a few characters, an effort has been made to make the mutual relationships within Lepisanthes more clear and to give a synthesis of it (Chapter II, parts 2 and 3). The taxonomie part proper is preceded by three chapters on resp. L. tetraphylla (Chapter III), L. fruticosa (Chapter IV), and L. senegalensis (Chapter V), the three most complex species. Though the treatment is somewhat different, all three chapters are intended to give a picture of the variable complex as a whole as well as an analysis of its elements and an argumentation in defence of the acceptance of such wide limits. The present revision of Lepisanthes is primarily intended as a precursor to the future treatment in the Flora Malesiana. For that reason the species are not all uniformly treated in the Taxonomic part (Chapter VI). The synonymy and typification are complete for all taxa; the genus and the infrageneric taxa are described in full, and the keys to the species are complete. Complete literature and descriptions are given for those species which are exclusively or mainly non-Malesian; in the case of new Malesian species only the Latin diagnosis based upon the type specimen has been given. Under all species or infraspecific taxa all specimens studied are cited except (1) when the number of collections was very large and many of these had already been cited by Radlkofer, either under the same name or under one or more synonyms, and (2) for those regions of which more than 5 collections were seen; in the latter case the number of collections studied has been mentioned. No index has been given to all collections seen; they will be included in a future issue of the Identification Lists of Malaysian Specimens on all Sapindaceae.

Beschreibung: The treatment of the genus Adenia in the forthcoming ‘Herbaceous Flora of Upland Kenya’ necessitates the publication of two new taxa, a species and a subspecies, and of three new combinations of subspecific rank.

Beschreibung: This is a complete revision of this Central and S. American genus, well-known for its cultivated species. The main body consists of a taxonomic revision (text in German, descriptions in Latin); 39 species are keyed out, only one is new, there are I new combination and several new varieties, the latter mostly based on former species; a number of former species have been recognized as hybrids. Localities are very accurately given, often latitude and longitude are added. General chapters include ecology, pollination, palynology (by Dr. Punt), phytochemistry (by Dr. Hegnauer & Dr. Kubitzki), and chromosomes. At the end natural hybrids and those found in gardens are listed, concluded by a listed evaluation of taxa and cultivars found in cultivation. The author concludes that the genus is very homogeneous, also in pollen and chromosomes. This appears also from easy hybridization in which at least 10 species are involved, in culture sometimes even species which are in nature geographically isolated. And hybrids have at least in certain cases proved to be fertile. Even triple hybrids have been found. Because of the very large amount of material studied the species populations and their ranges have become rather clear and hybridization occurs where populations come into contact. From this the author deduces his opinion about the hybrid status of certain specimens. In one biotope only one species occurs and the species are hence replacing either geographically or ecologically. This is obviously comparable to the situation in the genus Geum.

Beschreibung: The material described below came from washings of holothurians in the West Indies. It was collected in part by the author and Dr. R. U. GOODING during the summer of 1959 in the Bahamas, Barbados, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica. This field work was aided by a grant (G-8628) from the National Science Foundation of the U.S. The rest of the material was collected by Dr. J. H. STOCK in 1958 at Curaçao and Bonaire, with the support of the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles (WOSUNA). The study of the specimens has been aided by grants (GB-1809 and GB-5838) from the National Science Foundation. I am indebted to Dr. ELISABETH DEICHMANN of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, for the identification of the holothurian hosts collected in 1958 and 1959.

Beschreibung: Since the publication on Notonectidae of the Antilles (NIESER 1967), the author received various Notonectidae for identification. Material from the region considered here (Antilles, Central and N. America) came from the following sources: more material from the various voyages of Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK to the West Indies; unidentified material from the Copenhagen, Leiden and Oxford Musea and the Zoological Institute at Leningrad. The author likes to express his thanks to Dr. P. H. VAN DOESBURG, Jr (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden); Dr. I. M. KERZHNER (Zoologitsheskij Institut, Leningrad); Dr. I. LANSBURY (University Museum, Oxford); Dr. N. MØLLER ANDERSEN (Zoologiske Museum, København), and Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK (Zoölogisch Laboratorium, Utrecht) for permission to study the material in their charge. Mrs. E. DE GROOT-TAAT (Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht) kindly read the greater part of the manuscript, correcting various inaccuracies in the English.

Beschreibung: This paper describes some features of the carapace of two hollinid ostracode genera: Hollinella and Jordanites. The carapace of these ostracodes consists essentially of the same layers as modern ostracodes, with exception of the velar structures. A survey on the ontogeny of species of Hollinella and Jordanites reveals that this is very similar to the ontogeny of other palaeocopid ostracodes. It is suggested that Hollinella and Jordanites were marine near-bottom swimmers. The velum probably served to prevent the animal from sinking too deeply into a soft substrate. Five species of Hollinella, including three new species, and three species of Jordanites are described. All species are restricted to the Upper Carboniferous of NW Spain.

Beschreibung: In the Cantabrian Mountains stromatoporoids only have been found up to now in Devonian formations. They occur together with tabulate and rugose corals and brachiopods. Together with these organisms they form biostromes or just biogenetic layers of brecciated and overturned colonies. Four primary microstructures could be distinguished: compact, microlaminate, ordinicellular, and cellular. Alteration seems to begin before fossilization in many cases: the microtissue becomes flocculent by migration and/or destruction of specks. After fossilization the microstructure is altered mainly by migration of specks along slip planes and by rearrangement of the calcite crystals. In this paper the original microstructure is used as the main character for the determination of genera. The form of the coenosteum and features of the gross structure such as superposition of pillars, absence or presence of ring pillars, spacing of laminae and pillars, and others, are strongly influenced by ecological factors. Therefore they cannot be used as characters for the definition of genera and often not even for species. Four genera can be distinguished in the Spanish material: Actinostroma (compact with continuous pillars), Stromatoporella? (microlaminate), Stromatoporella? (ordinicellular) and Stromatopora (cellular). The genera Geronostroma and Atelodictyon are considered to be synonyms of Actinostroma. The genus Stromatoporella should be divided into two genera: one genus with microlaminate and one genus with ordinicellular microstructure. In the microlaminate genus the genera Clathrocoilona, Trupetostroma and Stictostroma (partly) should also be included and perhaps Idiostroma (partly). The ordinicellular genus can be combined with part of the genus Stictostroma and some species of Anostylostroma. The genera Parallelopora and Ferestromatopora are considered to be synonyms of Stromatopora. For the determination of species an attempt is made to establish the variability of the gross structure for each species. As this variability seems to be rather wide, species determinations are only given when sufficient material was available. The following species are described: Actinostroma papillosum (= A. clathratum), Actinostroma verrucosum?, Actinostroma stellulatum, Stromatoporella? granulata? (microlaminate), Stromatoporella? selwyni (ordinicellular), and Stromatopora huepschi?. Stromatopora concentrica

Beschreibung: The structures in the SW part of the Cantabrian Mountains have much in common with those of the Foothills Belt of the Rocky Mountains, the Alps and the Central European Hercynian orogene, and their origin can be explained in the same way as that of the structures in these orogenes. The greywacke sedimentation and the folding both migrated from the internal to the external part of the original basin during the Upper Carboniferous. The folds and thrust faults run parallel to the axis of the original basin. The basement has been broken into large blocks in the shape of parallelograms, along the boundary faults of which local deviations of the regional directions occurred.

Beschreibung: The type-material of Tachinidae described from Indonesia and housed in the Zoological Museum in Amsterdam is listed, its status determined and its data cited. Twentyfour lectotypes are newly designated for nominal species based on syntypes. Paralectotypes located in other museum collections are recorded for all those nominal species of which the lectotype is in Amsterdam, so as to provide complete information on the original type-material.

Beschreibung: Cornelis Elisa Bertus Bremekamp was born at Dordrecht on February 7th 1888. He is therefore now just past eighty, and he has been a member of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Botanische Vereniging for sixty years. He studied at the Utrecht State University and, like many of his contemporaries, was strongly attracted to plant physiology under Prof. F. A. F. C. Went’s influence. Phototropy and geotropy had become the principal fields of research in Went’s wellequipped laboratory, and Bremekamp’s first scientific work was also devoted to these subjects. His thesis (1912) dealt with the Geotropy of Twining Plants. His publications of the following years were the results of similar studies. In the same year he left for what was then the Dutch East Indies where he was first employed at the Java Sugar Experiment Station; then, until 1921, he taught at the Medical College (N.I.A.S.). After returning to the Netherlands he lectured from 1921 to 1923 on plant physiology at the University of Amsterdam. During these years, too, his scientific work was mainly devoted to phototropy and hydrotropy. In 1924 he accepted a position as professor of botany at the Transvaal University College, South Africa. Initially his research there was also in plant physiology, but, perhaps partly under the influence of local conditions, partly through some shift in his interest, his work became gradually oriented toward morphology and systematics. Certain physiological problems in the Rubiaceae drew his attention to that family (Revision of the South African species of Pavetta). In 1930 he was on leave in the Netherlands. It was on that occasion that I first met him, when he attended the awarding of a Ph. D. to one of his South African students. I had long been familiar with his name. For all students studying with Prof. Went thorough knowledge of the scientific work of “Went’s school” was compulsory. Went’s pupils from the days before the First World War were the scientific models that we tried to follow. Names we pronounced with some awe were, beside Bremekamp, Blaauw, Mrs. Rutten-Pekelharing, Arisz, etc. Meeting Bremekamp and being in his company at a dinner party greatly impressed me. Since that time I have known that Bremekamp was a source of information who would take great pains to answer a question as well as possible.

Beschreibung: This paper contains a discussion of the taxonomic subdivisions of the Rubiaceae as proposed by Schumann, Verdcourt, and Bremekamp. Generally speaking, the subdivisions as proposed and delimited by Bremekamp agree best with the characters of the wood structure, as observed by the author. Furthermore a key to the Suriname genera is given.

Beschreibung: The present paper, the first of a series of four on the biosystematics of the Dutch halophilous species of Spergularia, reports the results of a study of the morphological variability of S. media by means of a number of population samples from all parts of the Dutch area, supplemented by the rearing of plants from seed samples in the experimental garden. The seeds of S. media are usually winged, but in the area of the Dutch North Sea Islands, sometimes populations are encountered containing up to 70% plants with exalate to subalate seeds. The development of the seed wing is chiefly determined by genetic factors, but to some extent modifiable by different environmental conditions. The seed wing is too variable to be of decisive diagnostic value to distinguish S. media from S. marina. Plants with exalate to subalate seeds produce seedlings that are significantly smaller than the seedlings of plants with broadly winged seeds. Fruit- and calyx lengths vary too widely to be of diagnostic value either. The number of stamens plus staminodes is usually 10, rarely 9; the number of fertile stamens is 8 to 10 in nearly all flowers of a population, but may be as low as 0 to 3 per flower in some individual plants. The number of fertile stamens is primarily determined by genetic factors. The growth habit and the vegetative characters appear to exhibit only phenotypic variation.

Beschreibung: In this third report of this series concerning biosystematic studies of the Dutch halophilous species of Spergularia, the relation between the variation and the environment is discussed. In the case of S. media, a correlation between the occurrence of populations with a high representation of plants with unwinged and subalate seeds and the degree of extremity of the abiotic factors prevailing in the habitat seems to be manifest. In some cases overgrazing by sheep or cattle also results in a relatively high representation of such plants in the population, even if the abiotic factors are favourable. The possible causes of a selective advantage of winged seeds over exalate seeds in certain types of habitats (and vice versa) are discussed. The predominantly autogamous S. marina occurs in populations consisting of plants with unwinged seeds. However, one population was found containing plants with winged seeds; the possible ecological causes of this phenomenon are mentioned.

Beschreibung: The anatomy of the mature wood of three species of the South American genus of woody climbers Dicranostyles Bth. is described and compared with that of the secondary wood of other genera of the Convolvulaceae. The stems are characterized by the occurrence of concentric rings of included phloem tissue. In most characters the three species are quite similar, except for the absence of rays over two cells wide in D. guianensis. Instead of these, aggregate rays occur at intervals between consecutive rings of included phloem. D. mildbraediana possesses fibre tracheids with next to the normal large bordered pits numerous very large irregular slits giving the impression of a helical sculpturing of the walls. From a comparison with other Convolvulaceous genera like Bonamia, Ipomoea, Maripa, Neuropeltis, and Prevostea¹ it appears that nearest to Dicranostyles in general appearance as well as in anatomical structure is the genus Maripa. The resemblance to Ipomoea seems only superficial. The relation between anatomical conformities of genera and their position in the various systems of subdivision of the family is discussed.

Beschreibung: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae, b) Fungi & Lichenes, c) Bryophytes, d) Pteridophytes, e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked by an asterisk.

Beschreibung: Taiwan herbaceous flora (see Fl.Mal.Bull. 22, p. 1562). In 1968 Prof. Hui-Lin Li spent a considerable time in Taiwan discussing this project with Taiwan botanists and authorities. An agreement was finally reached among those who are to be actively participating and a plan of procedure and a budget were prepared. These were presented to the Science Commission of the Central Government for approval. No action has yet been taken (Dec. 1968). Prof. Li will spend half a year sabbatical leave at the Smithsonian for this work. Musci of Taiwan. During two summers of 1967 and 1968 Dr. Ching-Chang Chuang collected Musci in Formosa and is working on these in the University of Vancouver, Canada.

Beschreibung: For the Javanese mountain plants, all growing on separated volcanic peaks, it has been found before that to grow on a mountain there is for each species a critical altitude necessary of the total height (elevation) of the peak or mountaincomplex. This is best elucidated by an example: Albizia lophantha (montana) is found in Java from 1100-3100 m, but only on mountains of which the summit reaches at least 2500 m altitude. This means that it is not found on mountains of 2400 m summit height or lower, although it may descend on mountains of 2500 m summit height and higher as low down as 1100 m altitude. The elevation effect is calculated in this case as 2500 minus 1100 = 1400 m.

Beschreibung: In Flores, Timor, and some other of the Lesser Sunda Islands at least two distinct species of Eucalyptus occur, E. alba (vern. hoë) in the lowland and low hills and a second species (vern. anpupu) in the hills and mountains. A century ago Blume described some eucalypts from the Leyden Herbarium based on duplicates he had received from the Paris Herbarium, collector unknown. Two sheets he assigned to E. obliqua L’Hérit. localizing them in Tasmania, another one which he called E. decaisneana Bl. he assigned to Timor. The latter has in the past sometimes been associated with the mountain species ’anpupu’, but Dr. Blake, in 1951, came to the conclusion that Blume’s type of E. decaisneana must belong to E. obliqua and cannot hail from Timor, but must be localized either in SE. Australia or in Tasmania. ’Anpupu’ is a still undescribed new species which we hope will be named by Dr. Blake. To me it seems logical that this specimen is also from Tasmania.

Beschreibung: The Flora of Ceylon Project. From U.S. surplus funds the Smithsonian Institution has through the initiative of Dr. F.R. Fosberg launched a project to revise the Flora of Ceylon. Specialists are given grants for travel to Ceylon, and subsistence and travel in Ceylon, mainly hunting after living material of the groups they will revise. Begin 1969 the following specialists were in Ceylon: Dr. R.D. Hoogland for Dilleniaceae and Magnoliaceae, Dr. A. Robijns for Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae, and Dr. A.J.C. Grierson for Compositae. It is anticipated that Dr. A.J.G.H. Kostermans will work on lauraceae in 1969.

Beschreibung: A new species of Craterellus, C. carolinensis, is described. Descriptions are given for the type specimens of Thelephora subundulata and Stereum calyculus and for representative specimens of Craterellus sinuosus, C. crispus, and Cantharellus lutescens sensu Fr. 1821. Comments on the relative taxonomic relevance of accepting Pseudocraterellus at generic rank are made. Two North American varieties of Cantharellus cibarius thought to have wide distribution are informally described.

Beschreibung: Among some material at the Philippine National Herbarium, Manila, which was recently made available for study at the Rijksherbarium, there was a Terminalia which was already in the early fifties recognized as new by both Dr E. Quisumbing and the late Dr E. D. Merrill. Unfortunately, the material was not available when Mr A. W. Exell revised the Combretaceae for the Flora Malesiana (ser. I, vol. 4: 548. 1954) and it remained unpublished. After a close study with Mr Exell’s revision, and by comparison of all Malesian species represented in the Rijksherbarium, it proved indeed to be a new species. Unfortunately its fruit is still unknown.

Beschreibung: The area is mainly covered by Carboniferous sediments. Only two Devonian structures are present. The Devonian yielded sufficient fossils from Eifelian up to Famennian but in the Carboniferous fossils are scarce. Permian and Triassic cover the area unconformably in the east. In the Carboniferous several formations of the Ruesga Group and the Yuso Group have been mapped. The base of the Yuso is marked by its basal conglomerate and its unconformable position upon the Ruesga. The divergency of directions of contemporaneous major folds in the map area is controlled by fundamental faults. Two folding phases can be distinguished; Asturian folds with steep axial planes are superposed upon Sudetic recumbent folds.

Beschreibung: A concordant body of presumably igneous, but deformed and at least partly recrystallized rocks, the Lac-Croche Plutonic Complex, consists of leuconoritic and mangeritic gneisses, and of monzonitic and granitic rocks. It is surrounded by gneisses, at least partly of sedimentary origin. Inclusions of the surrounding gneisses occur in the Complex. From the similarity in orientation of lineations in the Complex and surrounding gneisses, and of fold axes further away from the Complex, it is concluded that all rocks were deformed together, at least once. The study of the pre-tectonic history of the rocks is hampered by the strong overprint of regional metamorphism. From a number of conceivable sequences of events, the two simplest are chosen: either the Complex was part of the basement on which sediments (now paragneisses) were deposited, or the parent magma of the Complex intruded the paragneisses. Most field evidence (mainly structural) fits either sequence, but the absence of folds formed by groups of inclusions, docs not fit the basement hypothesis. It is concluded that the Lac-Croche Plutonic Complex is younger than the “Grenville“ paragneisses and intrusive into them.

Beschreibung: The material studied was mainly collected during Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK’S voyages to the West Indies in the years 1936/37, 1948/49, 1955 and 1963/64. The specimens from the Netherlands Antilles have been studied by COBBEN 1960, and DRAKE & COBBEN 1960. The present contribution deals mainly with the older material from other islands and the specimens collected during the 1963/64 trip. Some of the identifications were done by Mr. L. VAN DIJK and Mr. H. DE VUYST, during predoctoral studies.

Beschreibung: Dissolution of algal limestones in a 1-10% HCL solution delivers flocks of well preserved non-calcareous algae and sometimes some other plant remains as well. Non-calcareous algae of Cambrian, Carboniferous, Jurassic and Paleogene age were obtained in this manner. Slides of these fossils together with thin sections of the limestones are shown. Various algal divisions are represented: Cyanophycophyta, Chlorophycophyta, Xanthophycophyta and Rhodophycophyta.