ALBERT

Description: Frutex epiphyticus, ramis quadrangularibus, angulis lenticellatis. Folia ramorum fertilium petiolis 2-5 mm longis, 1.5-2 mm latis; lamina chartacea vel subcoriacea, oblanceolato-oblonga vel interdum elliptico-oblonga, 9-14 cm longa, 3-4.5 cm lata, ápice acuminata, acumen 1-2 cm longum, basi attenuata, costa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra et subtus prominentibus vel prominulis, glandulis hypophyllis aliquot patelliformibus vel foveolatis, parvis, 3-5 in folii parte inferiore oblique seriatis, aliis minutis, punctiformibus, nigricantibus, aequaliter dispersis. Flores in racemis umbelliformibus (20-) 30-45-floris; rhachis ad circa 1 cm longa; nectaria clavato-cucullata, stipitata, stipes 5-8 mm longus, cucullus 1-1.5 cm longus, circa 4-5 mm diametro, ore late-rotundata, margine plerumque recurvo, apiculata; pedicelli 5-7 cm longi, lenticellati; bracteolae sepaloideae, circa 1 mm longae, 2-3 mm latae; sepala suborbicularia vel reniformia, circa 2-3 mm longa, circa 4-5 mm lata, margine glandulosa; corolla oblongo-subconoidea, circa 1 cm longa, circa 4-5 mm diametro; stamina 18-33, filamentis applanatis, liberis, inaequalibus, in alabastro 4-6 mm longis, antheris linearibus, 3-5 mm longis, circa 1 mm latis, basi subsagittatis; ovarium circa 2-3 mm diametro, 6-11-loculare. Fructus globosus, circa 9 mm diametro, stylo persistenti ornatus. Typus : Costa Rica, vicinity of Vara Blanca, North slope of Central Cordillera, between Poás and Barba Volcanoes, alt. 1700 m, April 1938, Skutch 3762 (holotype US; isotypes GH, MO, NY, S). Paratypes; Costa Rica: Heredia: Cerro de las Caricias, North of San Isidro. Standley & Valerio 52202, 52248,52375 (US); Panama:Chiriquí: Boquetedistrict, Bajo Chorro, Davidson 398 (GH, US).

Description: A survey is given of the types of the sclereids and the sclereid patterns occurring in the leaves of the Marcgraviaceae. Eight main categories of sclereids are distinguished on the base of the morphology of the sclereids. A comparison is made with the foliar sclereids found in some other families. The systematic value and the function of the sclereids are briefly discussed. Some new combinations of names are published.

Description: Frutex scandens. Folia petiolis 4-8 mm longis; lamina coriacea, obovatooblonga vel oblonga vel interdum lanceolata, valde asymmetrica, 7-14 cm longa, 2.5-5 cm lata, apice subacuta vel leviter acuminata vel obtusa, basi cuneala vel acuta, costa supra plana vel prominula, subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra et subtus plerumque prominentibus; glandulae hypophyllae minutae, saepe vix manifestae, secus marginem seriatim dispositae vel dispersae. Flores in racemis multifloris (ad 50 vel ultra); rhachis 10-15 cm longa, ochracea, furfuraceo-puberula; pedicelli 1-2 cm longi, ca 1 mm in diametro, subtiliter ochraceo-puberuli; nectaria calcariformia, auriculata, parva, ad ca 1 cm longa, calcari clavato, 5-7 mm longo, 1-2 mm in diametro, auriculis calcari paulo brevioribus, 3-4 mm longis; bracteolae perlate triangulares, 1-1.5 mm longae, 1.5-2 mm latae; sepala transverse subelliptica vel suborbicularia, ca 1.5 mm longa, 2-2.5 mm lata; petala oblonga, 4-6 mm longa, 2-3 mm lata, ad basim circa per 1 mm connata, per anthesim reflexa; stamina 5, filamentis applanatis, 3-3.5 mm longis, ad basim ca 1 mm latis, apicem versus angustatis, basibus petalorum insertis, antheris ca 1.5 mm longis; ovarium quinquangulare, 5-loculare, stigmate sessili, crasso, radiato-lobato. typus: Colombia: Chocó: Banks of Quebrada Togoromá, dense tidal forest, June 13, 1944, Killip & Cuatrecasas 39146 (holotype US; isotypes F, MO). Paratypes: Colombia: Valle: Río Calima (región del Chocó); margen derecha, lomas frente a Quebrada de la Brea, Cuatrecasas 21090 (F); Nariño; Western Cordillera, above Diviso (Njambí), Vogel 64 (U).

Description: Frutex scandens vel liana, ramis floriferis quadrangularibus, lenticellatis. Folia ramorum floriferorum petiolis 5-10 mm longis, circa 2 mm latis, canaliculatis; lamina coriacea elliptica ad oblonga, 7-12 cm longa, 4-4.5 cm lata, 1.5-2.5-plo longior quam latior, prope inflorescendam minor, apice obtusa vel rotundata et acuminata, acumine 1 cm longo, basi plerumque acuta, interdum obtusa vel rotundata, costa subtus prominente, venis lateralibus plerumque supra subtusque prominentibus, interdum leviter prominentibus vel obsoletis, venulis praesertim supra plerumque prominentibus, glandulis hypophyllis aliquot foviformibus, utroque 2-4 dimidio inferiore laminae, oblique seriatis, aliis minutis, punctiformibus, nigricantibus, numerosissimis, aequaliter dispersis. Flores in racemis umbelliformibus 15-25-floris; nectaria 5-7, cylindrico- vel clavato-saccata, cum stipite 2-2.5 cm longa, stipes 5-8 mm longus, cupula circa 1.5 cm longa; pedicelli 2-2.5 cm longi, angulum rectum cum floribus efformantes, lenticellati; bracteolae 2-3 mm longae, 2-4 mm latae, ad calycem insertae vel parum remotae; sepala 3-4 mm longa, exteriora 5-6 mm lata, interiora 8-10 mm lata; corolla ovoidea, circa 8 mm longa, minute apiculata; stamina 8-15, filamentis applanatis, in alabastro circa 3 mm longis, antheris 3-4 mm longis; ovarium cum stylo circa 4 mm longum, 6-8-loculare. Fructus ignotus. TYPUS: Venezuela: Amazonas: Cerro Huachamacari, Rio Cunucunuma,camp 2 to escarpment, 1200—1500m.alt., December 5,1950, Maguire, Cowan & Wurdack 29838 [holotype U, isotype (not seen by the author) NY].

Description: Herbs, stemsucculents or woody plants, sometimes with phylloclades, often containing lactiferous juice. Leaves mostly alternate, rarely opposite or verticillate, simple or compound. Stipules mostly present and sometimes with stipellae. Extrafloral nectaries often present. Indumentum various. Inflorescence various, the main branching often racemose, the following cymose. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, when monoecious the inflorescence of either male or female flowers or inflorescence of female flowers in the lower and male flowers in the upper portion; in Euphorbia and related genera the inflorescence a cyathium. Flowers with sepals and petals, the petals often reduced or wanting or the flowers naked. Disk often present, various in shape, in the male flowers either intrastaminal or extrastaminal. Stamens as many or twice as many as the sepals or numerous or reduced in number to only one; filaments mostly free. In the male flower a rudiment of the ovary often present. Ovary 3-locular, rarely 2\xe2\x80\x94many-locular. In the female flower sometimes staminodia present. Styles usually 3, free or connate, often 2-partite. Ovules 1\xe2\x80\x942 in each locule, anatropous or epitropous, often provided with an obturator and a caruncula. Fruit mostly schizocarpous, the cocci opening by 2 valves, rarely a drupe or a berry. Seeds with endosperm. Embryo with broad cotyledons. About 7500 species in 300 genera, worldwide but especially in the tropics.

Description: A survey is given of the types of the sclereids and the sclereid patterns occurring in the leaves of the Marcgraviaceae. Eight main categories of sclereids are distinguished on the base of the morphology of the sclereids. A comparison is made with the foliar sclereids found in some other families. The systematic value and the function of the sclereids are briefly discussed. Some new combinations of names are published.

Description: Frutex scandens. Folia petiolis 4-8 mm longis; lamina coriacea, obovatooblonga vel oblonga vel interdum lanceolata, valde asymmetrica, 7-14 cm longa, 2.5-5 cm lata, apice subacuta vel leviter acuminata vel obtusa, basi cuneala vel acuta, costa supra plana vel prominula, subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra et subtus plerumque prominentibus; glandulae hypophyllae minutae, saepe vix manifestae, secus marginem seriatim dispositae vel dispersae. Flores in racemis multifloris (ad 50 vel ultra); rhachis 10-15 cm longa, ochracea, furfuraceo-puberula; pedicelli 1-2 cm longi, ca 1 mm in diametro, subtiliter ochraceo-puberuli; nectaria calcariformia, auriculata, parva, ad ca 1 cm longa, calcari clavato, 5-7 mm longo, 1-2 mm in diametro, auriculis calcari paulo brevioribus, 3-4 mm longis; bracteolae perlate triangulares, 1-1.5 mm longae, 1.5-2 mm latae; sepala transverse subelliptica vel suborbicularia, ca 1.5 mm longa, 2-2.5 mm lata; petala oblonga, 4-6 mm longa, 2-3 mm lata, ad basim circa per 1 mm connata, per anthesim reflexa; stamina 5, filamentis applanatis, 3-3.5 mm longis, ad basim ca 1 mm latis, apicem versus angustatis, basibus petalorum insertis, antheris ca 1.5 mm longis; ovarium quinquangulare, 5-loculare, stigmate sessili, crasso, radiato-lobato. typus: Colombia: Choc\xc3\xb3: Banks of Quebrada Togorom\xc3\xa1, dense tidal forest, June 13, 1944, Killip & Cuatrecasas 39146 (holotype US; isotypes F, MO). Paratypes: Colombia: Valle: R\xc3\xado Calima (regi\xc3\xb3n del Choc\xc3\xb3); margen derecha, lomas frente a Quebrada de la Brea, Cuatrecasas 21090 (F); Nari\xc3\xb1o; Western Cordillera, above Diviso (Njamb\xc3\xad), Vogel 64 (U).

Description: In de studiegidsen van onze universiteiten zal men de floristiek als vakgebied niet aantreffen. Hoewel er bij het onderwijs aan biologiestudenten enige aandacht aan de floristiek wordt gewijd, moet toch worden gesproken van een zeer bescheiden, eigenlijk een te bescheiden, plaats voor de floristiek in de onderwijsprogramma\xe2\x80\x99s. Door het in de knel geraken van \xe2\x80\x9eouderwetse\xe2\x80\x9d, althans niet \xe2\x80\x9emoderne\xe2\x80\x9d onderdelen van de biologie, veelal samengebracht onder de noemer van de zogenaamde beschrijvende vakken is met name ook de floristiek getroffen.

Description: Frutex epiphyticus, ramis quadrangularibus, angulis lenticellatis. Folia ramorum fertilium petiolis 2-5 mm longis, 1.5-2 mm latis; lamina chartacea vel subcoriacea, oblanceolato-oblonga vel interdum elliptico-oblonga, 9-14 cm longa, 3-4.5 cm lata, \xc3\xa1pice acuminata, acumen 1-2 cm longum, basi attenuata, costa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra et subtus prominentibus vel prominulis, glandulis hypophyllis aliquot patelliformibus vel foveolatis, parvis, 3-5 in folii parte inferiore oblique seriatis, aliis minutis, punctiformibus, nigricantibus, aequaliter dispersis. Flores in racemis umbelliformibus (20-) 30-45-floris; rhachis ad circa 1 cm longa; nectaria clavato-cucullata, stipitata, stipes 5-8 mm longus, cucullus 1-1.5 cm longus, circa 4-5 mm diametro, ore late-rotundata, margine plerumque recurvo, apiculata; pedicelli 5-7 cm longi, lenticellati; bracteolae sepaloideae, circa 1 mm longae, 2-3 mm latae; sepala suborbicularia vel reniformia, circa 2-3 mm longa, circa 4-5 mm lata, margine glandulosa; corolla oblongo-subconoidea, circa 1 cm longa, circa 4-5 mm diametro; stamina 18-33, filamentis applanatis, liberis, inaequalibus, in alabastro 4-6 mm longis, antheris linearibus, 3-5 mm longis, circa 1 mm latis, basi subsagittatis; ovarium circa 2-3 mm diametro, 6-11-loculare. Fructus globosus, circa 9 mm diametro, stylo persistenti ornatus.\nTypus : Costa Rica, vicinity of Vara Blanca, North slope of Central Cordillera, between Po\xc3\xa1s and Barba Volcanoes, alt. 1700 m, April 1938, Skutch 3762 (holotype US; isotypes GH, MO, NY, S). Paratypes; Costa Rica: Heredia: Cerro de las Caricias, North of San Isidro. Standley & Valerio 52202, 52248,52375 (US); Panama:Chiriqu\xc3\xad: Boquetedistrict, Bajo Chorro, Davidson 398 (GH, US).

Description: Climbing shrubs or lianas, often epiphytic. Leaves alternate, entire, glabrous, mostly with hypophyllous glands. Stipules wanting. Inflorescences terminal, racemose, spicate or (sub)umbelliform. Bracts of the flowers transformed into mostly big, hollow, variously shaped nectaries. Bracteoles sepaloid. Sepals 4 or 5, thick, coriaceous, free, imbricate. Petals 3 to 5, free or united and imbricate or forming a cap. Stamens 3 to numerous, free or connate. Ovary superior, 2- to several celled, with a mostly short style and an indistinctly lobed stigma. Ovules mostly numerous. Fruit capsular, more or less woody, dehiscent, inside pulpy, with few to numerous shiny, conspicuously reticulate seeds. About 125 species in 4 genera in tropical America.