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  • 1
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    Automated analysis of video data (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-07
    Beschreibung: A software/hardware system designed and developed to perform automated video imagery analysis is described. Major elements included in the analysis system are: (1) sampling oscilloscope; (2) programmable trigger unit; (3) central computer; and (4) software processing library. The function of the scope and trigger unit, in conjunction with the control computer, is to digitize the selected portion of the video image and store as amplitude and time data in computer memory. Evaluation of the video data, analogus to interpretation of a visual image, is accomplished by the processing software. It is indicated that this technique of video image analysis is applicable to a wide variety of nonaerospace applications involving video data and image analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 181-188
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  • 2
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    Apparatus for calibration of on-board instruments and laboratory modelling of rarefied plasma flows past models (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Problems of laboratory simulation of artificial earth satellite flight conditions in the ionosphere are examined, and a setup capable of reproducing the basic parameters of ion flows (with energies of 5-10 eV, energy spectrum width approximately 2x5 eV, and an intensity of 10 to the minus 8th power a/cm/2) past measurement instruments and satellite models is described. Possibilities for further improvement of the apparatus are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 282-291
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  • 3
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    Lunar microcosmos (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: A human habitat on the lunar surface requires energy recycling metabolites based on the utilization of vegetative plants that are good photosynthesizers. Selection criteria involve reactions to fertilization by human excrements, suitability as food for man (with or without fractionation), physiological effects of prolonged ingestion of these plants, and technical methods for returning inedible portions back into the cycle.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 53-61
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  • 4
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    Noise and vibration level reduction by covering metal structures with layers of damping materials (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: One of the most important methods of reducing the noise and vibration level is the damping of the secondary sources, such as metal plates, often used in vehicle structures, by means of covering materials with high internal viscosity. Damping layers are chosen at an optimum thickness corresponding to the frequency and temperature range in which a certain structure works. The structure's response corresponding to various real situations is analyzed by means of a measuring chain including electroacoustical or electromechanical transducers. The experimental results provide the dependence of the loss factor and damping transmission coefficient as a function of the damping layer thickness or of the frequency for various viscoelastic covering materials.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 246-253
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  • 5
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    Use of conventional equipment to measure the effective perceived noise level of aircraft (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: A real time, computerized, measurement method for the effective perceived noise level is reported that uses comparison of two sounds differing in level and frequency to obtain the noise intensity emitted by aircraft and to calculate human psychoacoustic annoyance reactions.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 224-232
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  • 6
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    Data on the acoustic comfort of passengers in railroad cars and soundproofing recommendations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Acoustic passenger comfort in railroad cars is represented by the following values: Total noise level in db, octave sound spectrum in db, and indices of intelligibility. The noise level perceived inside the car results from two components: one due to the penetration of air noise, and another due to the transmission of vibrations through solids. Measurement results show the necessity of improving bogie and bogie-body connections, intensification of soundproofing of the floor, adaption of windows with double panes, etc.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 218-223
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  • 7
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    Some aspects of sound discomfort caused by streetcar traffic (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Streetcar noise was investigated on different lines and inside different types by sonometer measurements. The results showed variations of the total noise intensity between 88-97 db. In some squares with heavy traffic the total noise intensity reached 106 db. Noise intensity measurements inside different types of streetcars brought to light high values between 101-106 db, while in the case of the new silent type of streetcar the values were 86-87 db. The importance of the sound discomfort produced by streetcar traffic is emphasized, inasmuch as the noise intensity exceeds by far the values recommended by communal hygiene.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 212-217
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  • 8
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    An objective method and measuring equipment for noise control and acoustic diagnostics of motorcars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: An objective method and apparatus for noise control and acoustic diagnostics of motorcar engines are reported. The method and apparatus let us know whether the noisiness of the vehicle under test exceeds the admissible threshold levels given by appropriate standards and if so what is the main source of the excessive noise. The method consists in measuring both the overall noise level and the sound pressure levels in definite frequency bands while the engine speed is controlled as well and may be fixed at prescribed values. Whenever the individually adjusted threshold level has been exceeded in any frequency band, a self-sustaining control signal is sent.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 198-204
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  • 9
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    Level, peculiarities and effects of coal mine noise on pit workers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: There exists a correlation between noise intensity and spectrum and degree of hearing impairment in the different professional categories in the pit. Most affected are dross miners and drillers. In these, the first degree of hypoacusia sets in within the first five years of exposure. Deafness begins at a frequency of 4,000 Hz, but often enough (20%) at 2,000 Hz as well, progressively evolving through the classical stages if exposure to noise continues. In the coal bearing basins investigated, the noise level is, on the whole, 31.2%, but the conventional zone is not involved by more than 6.3%. Technological and medical measures are proposed for the purpose of avoiding these troubles in the future.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 170-176
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  • 10
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    Vibration and recoil control of pneumatic hammers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Vibration sources are described for pneumatic hammers used in the mining industry (pick hammers), in boiler shops (riveting hammers), etc., bringing to light the fact that the principal vibration source is the variation in air pressure inside the cylinder. The present state of the art of vibration control of pneumatic hammers as it is practiced abroad, and the solutions adopted for this purpose, are discussed. A new type of pneumatic hammer with a low noise and vibration level is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 79-84
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  • 11
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    Vibration control in forge hammers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Special measures are discussed for calculating, designing and executing a forge hammer foundation, so that the vibrations that occur during its working will not be transmitted to neighboring machinery, workrooms and offices. These vibrations are harmful to the workers near the forge hammer.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 73-78
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  • 12
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    Photoelectronic vibrometer with polarized light (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: A seismic torsiometer is described which is based on the reception by a photosensitive transducer of a light flux modulated by a relative rotation of the optical axes of two polaroids. The torsional vibrations of the polaroid fixed to the shaft are transmitted to the other polaroid (which at the same time is the seismic mass of the apparatus) by means of elastic lamellas. The device can work as accelerometer, vibrometer or frequency meter, depending on the value of the ratio between the proper oscillation frequency of the seismic system and the measured vibration frequency.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 68-72
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  • 13
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    Vibration and noise measuring instruments built in the RSR (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: The demands placed upon vibration and noise measuring instruments are discussed. The instruments that are now being manufactured in the RSR are described, as well as those that are being made ready for manufacture, namely: the VP-3 portable vibrometer, the N2103 precision electronic vibrometer, the N2103 B sonometric preamplifier, as well as vibration transducers of the electrodynamic and piezoelectric types.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 62-67
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  • 14
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    Contributions to the problem of piezoelectric accelerometer calibration (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: After discussing the principal calibration methods for piezoelectric accelerometers, an experimental setup for accelerometer calibration by the reciprocity method is described It is shown how the use of a lock-in voltmeter eliminates errors due to viscous damping and electrical loading.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 55-61
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  • 15
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    Experimental determination of the vibration level in 5,100 kW electric locomotive assemblies (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Because of the high vibration level occurring during the running of electric locomotives, mechanical defects occur in the control mechanisms of auxiliary services. This fact has given rise to the necessity of determining the values of these vibrations in electric locomotives during their running. Measurements were conducted on the Craiova-Drobeta-Turnu Severin line, and measures to reduce the vibration level in electric locomotives were instituted.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 50-54
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  • 16
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    Random vibrations of linear viscoelastic beams with lumped masses (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: A method is presented of determining the mean square transversal deflection of an isotropic and homogeneous linear viscoelastic beam having a certain number of lengthwise distributed lumped masses. It is assumed that the beam is acted upon by a stationary random process uniformly distributed along the beam. The method is useful in vibration level control by means of additional lumped masses.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 36-42
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  • 17
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    Random vibrations of quadratic damping systems (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: An oscillating system with quadratic damping subjected to white noise excitation is replaced by a nonlinear, statistically equivalent system for which the associated Fokker-Planck equation can be exactly solved. The mean square responses are calculated and the optimum damping coefficient is determined with respect to the minimum mean square acceleration criteria. An application of these results to the optimization of automobile suspension damping is given.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 29-35
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  • 18
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    The response of many-storied structures under seismic actions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: A seismic action which is characterized by the acceleration function of the seismic motion is analyzed. The equations of motion in the direction of the seismic action are determined for a completely rigid ground and for a ground with linear deformability characteristics (rotation deformability). The equation for the rotation motion is derived by considering elastic and viscoelastic properties of the foundation ground. The differential equations are written by treating the mechanical model of a many-storied structure as a fixed vertical beam with a uniformly distributed mass as well as with concentrated masses on each floor.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 43-49
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  • 19
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    Insulation of nonlinear and random vibrations in the mining industry (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: The insulation of nonlinear and random vibrations is considered for some ore preparing and sorting implements: rotary crushers, resonance screens, hammer mills, etc. The appearance of subharmonic vibrations is analyzed, and the conditions for their appearance are determined. A method is given for calculating the insulation of these vibrations by means of elastic elements made of rubber. The insulation of the random vibrations produced by Symons crushers is calculated by determining the transmissability and deformation of the insulation system for a narrow band random response.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 22-28
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  • 20
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    A mathematical model for storied buildings subjected to automatic loom stresses (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Expressions are derived for the displacements of a many storied building subjected to the action of classical weaving looms located at different levels of the building. The building is regarded as a vertical fixed beam with a uniformly distributed mass as well as concentrated masses at each level. The calculation relations are obtained on the assumption of harmonic variation of the forces acting at each level as well as the assumption of narrow band stationary random excitatory forces.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 15-21
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  • 21
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    Study of vibrations produced by a vibrating beam used for vibrating concretes (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: For compacting concretes in building, vibrating beams are used. The vibrations are generated by inertial vibrators, and the beam is normally displaced by the operator by means of a handle that is elastically fastened to the beam by means of rubber pads. Considered are vibrations transmitted to the operator, taking into account the beam's shock vibration motions. The steady state motion of a dynamic beam pattern is studied, and results of experimental tests with existing equipment are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 9-14
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  • 22
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    Instruments for measuring radiant thermal fluxes (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: An absolute two-sided radiometer, designed on the principle of replacing absorbed radiant energy with electrical energy, is described. The sensitive element of the detector is a thermoelectric transducer of thermal flux. The fabrication technology, methods of measurement, technical characteristics, and general operation of the instrument are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 95-101
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  • 23
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    Stresses in dome-shaped shells of revolution with discontinuities at the apex (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-02
    Beschreibung: Asymptotic solutions of Novozhilov's equations of shells of revolution are derived for axisymmetric and first harmonic loadings. The solutions obtained are valid throughout the shallow and nonshallow regions. Stresses in dome shaped shells of revolution with a discontinuity in the form of a circular hole, a circular rigid insert, or a nozzle at the apex have been investigated. Numerical results are obtained for spheres, ellipsoids, and paraboloids, containing a discontinuity under a internal pressure and moment. Curves depicting stress distributions are given. The influence of three types of discontinuity on the stresses of the shells is also given.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Multivariant Function Model Generation; 118 p
    Format: text
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  • 24
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    Current structural vibration problems associated with noise (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: As the performance of aerospace vehicles has increased, the noise generated by the propulsion system and by the passage of the vehicle through the air has also increased. Further increases in performance are now underway for space vehicles such as the space shuttle vehicle and for short distance takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft, and are being planned for supersonic aircraft. The flight profiles and design features of these high-performance vehicles are reviewed and an estimate made of selected noise-induced structural vibration problems. Considerations for the prevention of acoustic fatigue, noise transmission, and electronic instrument malfunction are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: AGARD Noise Mech.; 16 p
    Format: text
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  • 25
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    Determination of local values of gas and liquid mass flux in highly loaded two-phase flow (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A measurement system using a deceleration probe was designed for determining the local values of gas and liquid mass flux in various gas/liquid droplet sprayfields. The system was used to characterize two-phase flowfields generated by gas/liquid rocket-motor injectors. Measurements were made at static pressures up to 500 psia and injected mass flow ratios up to 20. The measurement system can also be used at higher pressures and in gas/solid flowfields.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 26
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    The neutral atmosphere temperature experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The AEROS Neutral Atmosphere Temperature Experiment (NATE) is designed to measure the kinetic temperature of molecular nitrogen in the thermosphere. A quadrupole mass spectrometer tuned to N2 measures the N2 density variation in a small spherical antechamber having a knife-edged orifice which is exposed to the atmosphere at the outer surface of the spacecraft. The changing density of N2 due to the spinning motion of the spacecraft permits determination of the velocity distribution of the N2 from which the temperature is calculated. An alternate mode of operation of the instrument allows measurement of the other gases in the atmosphere as well as N2 permitting determination of the neutral particle composition of the atmosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Zeitschrift fuer Geophysik; 40; 5, 19; 1974
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  • 27
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    Airborne laser Doppler velocimeter (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A CO2 laser Doppler detection system has been developed to measure remotely the true airspeed of an aircraft. The system uses a 50-W sealed-off CO2 laser in a homodyne detection system employing a collinear optical telescope, a HgCdTe detector, and a frequency tracking loop. The system was successfully flight-tested on a NASA Convair 990 research aircraft during December 1971 and June 1972. The results indicate that an airspeed measurement under clear weather conditions is feasible up to an altitude of 3000 m with an error of less than 0.5%.-
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 13; Dec. 197
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  • 28
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    Inclusion of transverse shear deformation in finite element displacement formulations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A stiffness matrix is derived for a beam element with transverse shear deformation. It is shown that straightforward energy minimization yields the correct stiffness matrix in displacement formulations when transverse shear effects are considered. Since the TIM4 beam element does not represent the geometric boundary conditions for a cantilever beam the rotation of the normal must be retained as a grid point degree of freedom.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; Nov. 197
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  • 29
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    SAS-2 observations of gamma rays from the galactic plane (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Preliminary data are given for the SAS-2 high energy galactic gamma ray observation. These data include both latitude and longitude distributions. The longitude distribution shows a high density region. The latitude distributions toward the center and the anti-center are markedly different, the former showing a two-component structure of half-widths of approximately 3 and 6 deg. The energy spectrum in the range 35 to 200 MeV is hard, consistent with cosmic ray interactions with interstellar matter, including neutral pions decay and emission from energetic electron interactions. The data is consistent with an interpretation in terms of the confinement of the cosmic rays in the spiral arms.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 201-204
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  • 30
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    Evaluation of a wedge gas-sampling probe (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The performances of a wedge-type gas-sampling probe and pitot probes are compared in applications to flowfield profile studies. The flow structure data obtained by these techniques are found to agree well in flow regions with and without significant gradients. The wedge-type probe showed a good service life and allowed a substantial reduction of the sampling time. The wedge probe design is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; Sept
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    Real-time correction of atmospherically degraded telescope images through image sharpening (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: We present a new technique for the correction of atmospheric distortion in telescope images. Most of this distortion arises from a random phase variation of the incoming light across the telescope aperture. This variation limits the resolving power of even large telescopes to about one arc second. If the sharpness of the images is defined in a suitable way, this sharpness is maximized only when the phase distortion of the incoming light is zero. We present computer simulations of a simple feedback system in which active optical elements, set to maximize the sharpness, correct most of the atmospheric distortion. Photon statistics set the limiting magnitude of the object for which a practical feedback system can work. Details in a sixth magnitude object smaller than 0.1 sec of arc should be resolvable. The system can be conveniently employed within existing telescopes.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Society of America; vol. 64
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  • 32
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    Aplanatic two-mirror telescopes: A systematic study. I - Cassegrainian configuration (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A systematic performance analysis of aplanatic Cassegrainian telescopes has been accomplished by means of a ray trace program. The results indicate that the available field angle for a given geometric spot size is, to a very close approximation, a function of the relative back focal distance only. Image curvatures, as computed by third-order theory and by the ray trace program, were found to be in very close agreement. Image curvature is plotted as a function of the ray height ratio for a wide range of secondary magnification.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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    Image reproduction with interactive graphics (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Software application or development in optical image digital data processing requires a fast, good quality, yet inexpensive hard copy of processed images. To achieve this, a Cambo camera with an f 2.8/150-mm Xenotar lens in a Copal shutter having a Graflok back for 4 x 5 Polaroid type 57 pack-film has been interfaced to an existing Adage, AGT-30/Electro-Mechanical Research, EMR 6050 graphic computer system. Time-lapse photography in conjunction with a log to linear voltage transformation has resulted in an interactive system capable of producing a hard copy in 54 sec. The interactive aspect of the system lies in a Tektronix 4002 graphic computer terminal and its associated hard copy unit.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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    Microcraters formed in glass by projectiles of various densities (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An experiment was conducted investigating the effect of projectile density on the structure and size of craters in soda lime glass and fused quartz. The projectiles were spheres of polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB), aluminum, and iron with velocities between 0.5 and 15 km/sec and diameters between 0.4 and 5 microns. The projectile densities spanned the range expected for primary and secondary particles of micrometer size at the lunar surface, and the velocities spanned the lower range of micrometeoroid velocities and the upper range of secondary projectile velocities. There are changes in crater morphology as the impact velocity increases, and the transitions occur at lower velocities for the projectiles of higher density. The sequence of morphological features of the craters found for PS-DVB impacting soda lime glass for increasing impact velocity, described in a previous work (Mandeville and Vedder, 1971), also occurs in fused quartz and in both targets with the more dense aluminum and iron projectiles. Each transition in morphology occurs at impact velocities generating a certain pressure in the target. High density projectiles require a lower velocity than low-density projectiles to generate a given shock pressure.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Aug. 10
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    Oxygen utilization of the human left ventricle - An indirect method for its evaluation and clinical considerations (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An analytical method is presented for determining the oxygen consumption rate of the intact heart working (as opposed to empty but beating) human left ventricle. Use is made of experimental recordings obtained for the chamber pressure and the associated dimensions of the LV. LV dimensions are determined by cineangiocardiography, and the chamber pressure is obtained by means of fluid-filled catheters during retrograde or transeptal catheterization. An analytical method incorporating these data is then employed for the evaluation of the LV coronary oxygen consumption in five subjects. Oxygen consumption for these subjects was also obtained by the conventional clinical method in order to evaluate the reliability of the proposed method.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
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    Angiocardiographic methods for determination of left ventricular geometry and volume (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Methods are described for calculating left ventricular (LV) dimensions and chamber volumes from radiographic films. The use of biplane films for the calculation of LV volume and volume change is based on the assumption of an ellipsoidal geometry. Calculation of LV volumes from biplane films usually overestimated known volumes in postmortem hearts regardless of the methods used for volume calculation. The reasons for this are probably best explained by the fact that a smooth-surface ellipse is used to represent the irregular cavity of the LV chamber. LV volume calculated from data in a single plane compared favorably and closely with volumes calculated from biplane films. A table of normal values of ventricular volume established by angiographic studies is presented.
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    Cardiac mechanics: Physiological, clinical, and mathematical considerations (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-07
    Beschreibung: Recent studies concerning the basic physiological and biochemical principles underlying cardiac muscle contraction, methods for the assessment of cardiac function in the clinical situation, and mathematical approaches to cardiac mechanics are presented. Some of the topics covered include: cardiac ultrastructure and function in the normal and failing heart, myocardial energetics, clinical applications of angiocardiography, use of echocardiography for evaluating cardiac performance, systolic time intervals in the noninvasive assessment of left ventricular performance in man, evaluation of passive elastic stiffness for the left ventricle and isolated heart muscle, a conceptual model of myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock, application of Huxley's sliding-filament theory to the mechanics of normal and hypertrophied cardiac muscle, and a rheological modeling of the intact left ventricle. Individual items are announced in this issue.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
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  • 38
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    Approximate techniques of structural reanalysis (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A study is made of two approximate techniques for structural reanalysis. These include Taylor series expansions for response variables in terms of design variables and the reduced-basis method. In addition, modifications to these techniques are proposed to overcome some of their major drawbacks. The modifications include a rational approach to the selection of the reduced-basis vectors and the use of Taylor series approximation in an iterative process. For the reduced basis a normalized set of vectors is chosen which consists of the original analyzed design and the first-order sensitivity analysis vectors. The use of the Taylor series approximation as a first (initial) estimate in an iterative process, can lead to significant improvements in accuracy, even with one iteration cycle. Therefore, the range of applicability of the reanalysis technique can be extended. Numerical examples are presented which demonstrate the gain in accuracy obtained by using the proposed modification techniques, for a wide range of variations in the design variables.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Computers and Structures; 4; Aug. 197
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    A model of heat transfer in immersed man (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An equation representing man's thermal balance under water is considered. The equation states that the body thermal loading from metabolic heat production and artificial heat input must be offset by respiratory and environmental heat exchange to maintain a constant body temperature. Critical body regions are affected by cold-water thermal stress. A model of the thermoregulatory system may be divided into the physical-controlled system and the dynamic controlling system. The thermal model is simulated by computer programs.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: Annals of Biomedical Engineering; 2; 1974
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  • 40
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    Stellar interferometer for figure sensing of orbiting astronomical telescopes (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An interferometric device designed to be located in the focal plane of a large astronomical telescope is presented. The prime application is for the forthcoming large space telescope. The device is to perform interferometry on the optical wavefront arising from a single star after it has propagated through the telescope. The concept of a focal plane figure sensor has been experimentally verified by fabricating and testing an operating laboratory breadboard figure sensor. A set of linear independent control equations are derived that define the operations for utilizing a focal plane figure sensor in the control loops for the positioning of the secondary mirror and for the active control of the primary mirror optical figure. A number of scientific experiments that could be performed with the interferometer are also briefly discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 13; Aug. 197
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  • 41
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    Raman scattering applied to hypersonic air flow (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The Raman scattering technique was applied to measure the local static temperature and gas number density over a sharp-edge flat-plate model in a Mach 5 nozzle of the Langley nozzle test chamber with air as the test gas. The angle of attack varied from -5 to 15 deg, and the stagnation temperature varied from 317 to 442 K, with stagnation pressures ranging from 170 kN to 2.8 MN/sq m. The measured values of static temperature and density ranged from 60 to 100 K and from 0.03 to 0.8 kg/cu m, respectively. A comparison with calculated values based on static pressure measurements along the model shows that the Raman scattering technique is a viable measurement method in applications to high-speed three-dimensional flows.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; Aug. 197
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  • 42
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    The response of a propeller anemometer to turbulent flow with the mean wind vector perpendicular to the axis of rotation (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Determination of the properties of the system transfer function of the vertical-velocity propeller anemometer. A treatment of this problem is presented which is based on an analysis of estimates of the system transfer function derived from estimates of spectra calculated from time histories of indicated vertical velocity and on estimates of the associated input Eulerian vertical-velocity frequency spectra based on the hypothesis that instrument degradation of the Fourier components occurs in the inertial subrange.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Boundary-Layer Meteorology; 6; May-June
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  • 43
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    Analytic model for assessing the thermal performance of scuba divers (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A biothermal model with a physically-controlled subsystem and a dynamically-controlled subsystem is developed to simulate the thermoregulatory system of man under immersed conditions. The model is consistent with experimental data for seminude subjects immersed to neck in cool to temperate water and for 'wet-suited' subjects immersed to neck in cold water. Equations are derived for predicting body temperatures under various dive conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Hydronautics; 8; July 197
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  • 44
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    Astronomical demonstration of an infrared upconverter (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An upconverter has been used to convert infrared photons from astronomical sources to higher frequency quanta that were detected with a pulse-counting photomultiplier photometer. It is pointed out that these observations represent the first successful astronomical demonstration of infrared upconversion. Upconversion is carried out in an optically nonlinear medium, which in the upconverter described is a lithium iodate crystal. A 0.6943-micrometer high peak power ruby laser pump was developed for the demonstration.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Nature; 249; June 14
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  • 45
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    An autoranging scanning system and compatible methods of noise reduction (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The autoranging scanning system discussed combines in a unique way four different methods for removing noise. The system employs a narrow-band amplifier. Other noise reduction methods make use of digital summation, convolution numbers, and the coaddition of scans. The system was designed to digitize the output of an infrared spectrometer and to record it on magnetic tape. Light passes through a mechanical light chopper and the spectrometer optics, and falls on the PbS cell to produce a signal which is amplified by the first preamplifier.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; July 197
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  • 46
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    Mathematical operations by optical processing (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Some recent developments in coherent optical processing are described in this paper. Specifically, the use of one or more elementary gratings to perform useful processing operations and computer-generated spatial filters to obtain generalized transforms are discussed. Applications incorporating nonlinear optical elements and optical feedback into the processing system are also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Engineering; 13; May-June
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    Static, stability, and dynamic analysis of shells of revolution by numerical integration - A comparison (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recent innovations in digital computer technology have enabled engineers to analyze shell structures of complex configurations without unduly restrictive approximations. An attempt is made to compare the various programs now generally available from the point of view of the advantages of the relative technique utilized, as well as the programmed state of the art. Many of the comparisons are based on the sample problems solved by the STARS-2 system of programs. These examples indicate both the structural detail which can be analyzed by, and the analytical capabilities available in, the numerical shell-of-revolution programs. All advantages and differences are demonstrated by use of solutions for realistic shell problems in the areas of statics, stability, vibrations, and dynamic response of shells subjected to time-dependent loadings.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 48
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    Untoward effects of a sympathomimetic amine (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Presentation and discussion of a clinical report describing asymptomatic multifocal ventricular premature contractions in a professional pilot. He had been taking heavy doses of a systemic decongestant agent, pseudoephedrine, prescribed by a physician. He was taken off the medication, and over the next few days the PVCs became less frequent, then disappeared. It is pointed out that physician's instructions to pilots must be given with the realization that some airmen may follow the instructions too zealously in an attempt to remain on flying status.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: Aerospace Medicine; 45; May 1974
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    Orthostatic tolerance in dehydrated, heat-acclimated men following exercise in the heat (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: Aerospace Medicine; 45; May 1974
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    Turbulence measurements in a Mach 2.9 boundary layer using laser velocimetry (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurements taken in a Mach-2.9 turbulent boundary layer are shown to demonstrate the ability of a laser velocimeter to measure the turbulence transport properties of high-speed compressible flows. This demonstrated ability, combined with the nonperturbing quality and relative insensitivity to environmental conditions of the laser velocimeter, opens the way to compressible flow measurements never considered possible with more conventional measurement techniques.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; May 1974
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  • 51
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    Detection and elimination of reflections in beam-foil target chambers (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of techniques for detecting and reducing to negligible values beam-radiation reflection and scattering in high vacuum target chambers used in beam foil experiments. It is suggested that all target chambers be checked in the manner described in order to discover and reduce intensity variations that may not be obvious on the usual beam-foil decay curves.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 13; June 197
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    Forced vibrations of multi-component compliant tanks and feedlines (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An analytical and experimental research program was performed to investigate the effects of flexible tanks and lines and the total system dynamic response of a simple physical system which had some of the essential features of a liquid-fueled launch vehicle. Several vessel-wall materials were used to obtain a range of elastic moduli. Water was used to simulate the fuel and an electromagnetic shaker provided external excitation such as might originate from a rocket-propulsion system. Experimental data were compared to values obtained from mathematical models for the many degree-of-freedom lumped-mass representation.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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    Multiplex imaging with multiple-pinhole cameras (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: When making photographs in X rays or gamma rays with a multiple-pinhole camera, the individual images of an extended object such as the sun may be allowed to overlap. Then the situation is in many ways analogous to that in a multiplexing device such as a Fourier spectroscope. Some advantages and problems arising with such use of the camera are discussed, and expressions are derived to describe the relative efficacy of three exposure/postprocessing schemes using multiple-pinhole cameras.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physics; 45; Apr. 197
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    Plasma volume and blood constituent shifts during +Gz acceleration after bedrest with exercise conditioning (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Apr. 197
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    Nonproportional loading limit for structures (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The design of most structures involves ensuring integrity for several independent loading conditions. Often, it is rational to design these, exploiting the ductility of the materials to reduce structural costs. Then, ensuring integrity evokes the need for nonmonotonic limit analyses. A groundwork is laid for implementing these analyses. An alternate limit load characterization to that of Greenberg is provided, a mathematical statement of the problem leading to both monotonic (proportional) and nonmonotonic limit loads values is formulated, a direct limit load analysis procedure for analysis within a finite-element framework is described, and limit loads for sets of simple structures are evaluated. A direct limit analysis process is described, and monotonic limit loads are characterized. The process furnishes 'exact' values of limit loads with increasing efficiency as the number of structural elements and force redundancy decreases. Tests show that the accuracy of predicting nonmonotonic limit loads is very sensitive to the number of degrees of freedom in the analysis compared with the total number in the model.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: Computers and Structures; 4; Mar. 197
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    Pressure transducer method for measuring gas production by microorganisms (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Microbiology; 27; Jan. 197
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    Measurement of capsule heat transfer gaps using neutron radiography (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A technique is described for measuring heat transfer gaps from neutron radiographs. The method involves scanning the radiograph negative with a recording microdensitometer to obtain a trace of the optical density variation across the diameter of the capsule. The optical density change representing the gap is measured from the microdensitometer trace and related to the physical measurement. Heat transfer gaps from 0.061 to 0.178 cm have been determined by this technique and agree with preassembly physical measurements to plus or minus 0.005 cm.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Materials Evaluation; 32; Mar. 197
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    Design of an X-ray telescope system for an orbiting astronomical observatory (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The design and construction is described of a package of X-ray telescopes launched in the NASA satellite Copernicus (OAO-3), which began stellar observations in September 1972. It contains three grazing incidence reflectors covering a range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 8 nm, and having a combined collecting area of 40.9 sq cm, with angular resolutions up to 1 minute of arc. This is believed to be the first satellite application of such reflectors in stellar X-ray astronomy. A collimated detector of wavelengths 0.1-0.3 nm has a 17.8 sq cm collecting area. A visible light star tracker detects package misalignment if this should occur.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Physics; vol. 7
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    Multichannel forward scattering meter for oceanography (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An instrument was designed and built that measures the light scattered at several angles in the forward direction simultaneously. The instrument relies on an optical multiplexing technique for frequency encoding of the different channels suitable for detection by a single photodetector. A Mie theory computer program was used to calculate the theoretical volume scattering function for a suspension of polystyrene latex spheres. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental volume scattering functions is taken as a verification of the calibration technique used.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 13; Mar. 197
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    Adhesive fracture mechanics (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: In studies of fracture mechanics the adhesive fracture energy is regarded as a fundamental property of the adhesive system. It is pointed out that the value of the adhesive fracture energy depends on surface preparation, curing conditions, and absorbed monolayers. A test method reported makes use of a disk whose peripheral part is bonded to a substrate material. Pressure is injected into the unbonded central part of the disk. At a certain critical pressure value adhesive failure can be observed. A numerical stress analysis involving arbitrary geometries is conducted.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: International Journal of Fracture; 10; Mar. 197
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    Effect of electron beam pulse width on time-of-flight spectra (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A simple but useful formula describing the effect of electron gun pulse width on the time of flight (TOF) spectra measured in translational spectroscopy experiments is developed. An approximately monoenergetic pulsed electrostatically focused electron beam traverses a scattering cell filled with a Maxwellian gas. Inelastic electron collisions with the gas produce metastable particles, ions, scattered electrons, and photons which then pass through a collimating slit system at right angles to the electron beam. TOF techniques are used to separate the photon signal from the metastable particle signal and to measure the TOF distribution of the metastable species.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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    A simple two-fiber optical displacement sensor (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An optical displacement sensor is described in which only a pair of large-diameter fibers is used rather than a branched bundle of many small-diameter fibers. The basic idea of the two-fiber sensor is that the axes of the fibers are at an angle to one another at the sensor face, rather than parallel as is the case for the many-fiber configuration. The sensitivity of this two-fiber sensor is approximately the same as the most sensitive configuration of the many-fiber sensor.-
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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    Stability of fringe counting interferometers (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Two configurations of an automatic bidirectional, fringe-counting corner-cube interferometer are compared. They differ only in the method of quadrature phase introduction. The one using polarization coding has good phase stability at optical path differences as large as 955 mm, the one using adjacent beams has such poor phase stability as to render it useless at path differences greater than 700 mm. A useful well-defined alignment procedure is given for the corner-cube interferometer.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 64
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    Thermal stress studies using optical holographic interferometry (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The application of holography to thermal stress studies is discussed. Interference fringes as produced by holograms and their interpretation are reviewed in relation to workpiece displacement. Three potential mechanisms are given to explain thermal displacement as detected by holographic methods. Results of some thermal stressing studies are reported, including tests on a live rocket motor.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Materials Evaluation; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 65
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    Effect of bed rest and exercise on body balance (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A battery of 11 body balance tests was administered to 7 men before and after 14 days of bedrest. Seven men who had not undergone bed rest served as controls. During bed rest, each subject underwent daily either isotonic, isometric, or no leg exercise. The results showed that, for the bed-rested no exercise, isotonic exercise, and isometric exercise groups, 2 weeks of bed rest produces significant body balance decrements on 3, 4, and 5 of the 11 tests, respectively. Daily leg exercise did not prevent the debilitating effects of bed rest on body balance. After bed rest, balance skill was relearned rapidly so that in most tests, performance had reached prebed-rest levels by the third recovery day. These data suggest that balance impairment is not due to loss of muscular strength in the legs but, perhaps, to a bed-rest-related change in the neurally coded information to postural control centers.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physiology; 36; Mar. 197
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  • 66
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    Dynamic optometer (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A dynamic optometer that electronically records the position of the anterior surface of the human lens is described. The geometrical optics of the eye and optometer, and the scattering of light from the lens, are closely examined to determine the optimum conditions for adjustment of the instrument. The light detector and associated electronics are also considered, and the operating conditions for obtaining the best signal-to-noise ratio are determined.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: Optical Society of America; vol. 64
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  • 67
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    Analysis and synthesis of a fluid sonic pulse system (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A nonlinear sonic system is described that includes a delay line. Short-lived pulses with a high repetition frequency circulate through the system. The analysis was carried out by defining the reflection factor at the load and then dividing the input pulse according to duration into sections of appropriate width. The response was determined for each section, the response to the whole pulse being given by the sum of the responses at the sections. This makes it possible to broach the synthesis of a sonic system that will give an output pulse of the desired form.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 177-182
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  • 68
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    Internal tibial torsion correction study (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A quantitative study of internal torsion in the entire tibial bone was performed by using strain gauges to measure the amount of deformation occuring at different locations. Comparison of strain measurements with physical dimensions of the bone produced the modulus of rigidity and its behavior under increased torque. Computerized analysis of the stress distribution shows that more strain occurs near the torqued ends of the bones where also most of the twisting and fracturing takes place.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 23 p
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  • 69
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    Design of an automatic weight scale for an isolette (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The design of an infant weight scale is reported that fits into an isolette without disturbing its controlled atmosphere. The scale platform uses strain gages to measure electronically deflections of cantilever beams positioned at its four corners. The weight of the infant is proportional to the sum of the output voltages produced by the gauges on each beam of the scale.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 15 p
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    The design of an experiment for employing the hearer-feeler differentiation device, part B (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An experimental test design is outlined to separate feelers from hearers in the evaluation of persons with varying degrees of hearing impairments. Speech envelope cues are derived from a white noise device containing filters for different frequencies that produce speech awareness thresholds.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 6 p
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  • 71
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    The design of a device for hearer and feeler differentiation, part A (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A speech modulated white noise device is reported that gives the rhythmic characteristics of a speech signal for intelligible reception by deaf persons. The signal is composed of random amplitudes and frequencies as modulated by the speech envelope characteristics of rhythm and stress. Time intensity parameters of speech are conveyed through the vibro-tactile sensation stimuli.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 12 p
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  • 72
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    Surface potential profiles (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The gathering of surface potential profiles by computerized processing of electrocardiogram data is projected. These profiles are concerned with the detail of localized potentials on the human body and are obtained by voltages plotted against electrode positions with time as the variable held constant. Sample and hold circuits are considered for processing the multiplexed signal and to digitize and code it for the tape recorder.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 15 p
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  • 73
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    Surgical suite environmental control system (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Theoretical and experimental work for a systems analysis approach to the problem of surgical suit exhaust systems centered on evaluation of halothane absorbing filters. An activated charcoal-alumina-charcoal combination proved to be the best filter for eliminating halothane through multilayer absorption of gas molecules.
    Schlagwort(e): BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Summer Inst. in Biomed. Eng., 1973; 24 p
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  • 74
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    Investigations of electret as a contamination control device (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Thermoelectrets of polymers with stable surface charge on either side have been found to attract ions and charged particles to their surfaces. To assess their applicability to the control of atmospheric contamination, polytetraethylene (teflon) electrets are exposed to vapors coming from volatile mixtures over periods up to 90 min. Use is made of mass spectrometry for the analysis of teflon electret characteristics. It is found that even small quantities of the liquids in the mixture gives its characteristic mass spectra and that the peak height represents a measure for the quantity of the material collected over the electret surface, with the collected quantity being proportional to the duration of exposure.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Environmental Letters; 7; 3, 19; 1974
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  • 75
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    The Apollo gamma-ray spectrometer (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A gamma-ray spectrometer has been flown on the Apollo 15 and 16 spacecraft to determine the lunar-surface composition and measure the cosmic gamma-ray flux. The instrument included a NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal coupled to a 7.6-cm photomultiplier tube, a plastic mantle for anti-coincidence rejection of charged particles, and 511 channels of analysis. Boom-mounted operation permitted a significant reduction in the background. The data were transmitted on an event-by-event basis. About 22% of the lunar surface was mapped and spectra of the cosmic gamma-ray flux over an energy range of 0.065-27.5 MeV have been obtained.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Nuclear Instruments and Methods; 118; 1974
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  • 76
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    Spark chamber track finding program (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A spark-chamber track-finding program has been written. The accuracy of the location of the track is good, and if the chamber contains many spurious sparks the computation time is much less than the time used by a least-squares fit routine. Multiple tracks can be found and interaction vertices can thereby be determined.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 77
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    New triangular plate-bending finite element with transverse shear flexibility (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 78
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    Gas-tight flask for the concurrent measurement of gas metabolism and growth in methane-oxidizing bacteria (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Microbiology; 28; Sept
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  • 79
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    The problem of selecting an optimum frequency for a measuring generator in determining the value of the hydrophysical parameter with a given accuracy (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The selection of the optimum frequency for a measuring generator for determining the value of the hydrophysical parameter with a given degree of accuracy is discussed. Methods from information theory for measuring generators are described. Conversion of the frequency of generators into digital form by means of statistical averaging is also described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Automation of the Collection and Analysis of Sci. Inform. in the Probl. of the Interaction of the Atmosphere and Ocean (NASA-TT-F-801); p 80-84
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  • 80
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    Reduction of image blurring on individual aerial photographs (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A technique is discussed for photographic reduction of blurring which utilizes only a single photograph. No special equipment which is not available in practically any photographic laboratory is required to carry out the technique.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 67-74
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  • 81
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    Film processing in scientific spacecraft television systems (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Photography and photochemical processing of the film in spacecraft phototelevision systems involve several aspects which require an approach to selection of the handling process which differs from that used under ground conditions, different processing technology, and different construction of the instrument for carrying out the processing. Soviet processing techniques and equipment are described.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 59-66
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  • 82
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    Multiple-slit shadow device for sensing the direction to a shining object (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A multi-slit shadow direction sensor of jalousie type (JDS) was developed to provide a simple, highly reliable tracking system to guide a rotating mirror toward the sun so that the reflected light would illuminate the input slit of a photoelectric spectrometer. The operating principle and stability are considered as well as determination of initial signal level at the output of each photosensor. A procedure is recommended for calculation of a JDS. Both one- and two-coordinate sun direction sensors are described and considered for use in the tracking system of a photoelectric spectrometer.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 65-87
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    Development of the design of a between-the-lens band type photographic shutter (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: When photographic equipment is miniaturized, in order to conserve weight and size for spacecraft use, by using wide angle, short focus lenses, a band-type central between-the-lens shutter must be used. The rectangular slot shape was the form with the highest optical efficiency. To overcome the problem of burrs caused in the punching out of the slots in a carbon steel band, a shape limited by arcs with radius equal to half the slot width is preferred.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 42-47
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    Geoscience instrumentation (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-07
    Beschreibung: Geoscience instrumentation systems are considered along with questions of geoscience environment, signal processing, data processing, and design problems. Instrument platforms are examined, taking into account ground platforms, airborne platforms, ocean platforms, and space platforms. In situ and laboratory sensors described include acoustic wave sensors, age sensors, atmospheric constituent sensors, biological sensors, cloud particle sensors, electric field sensors, electromagnetic field sensors, precision geodetic sensors, gravity sensors, ground constituent sensors, horizon sensors, humidity sensors, ion and electron sensors, magnetic field sensors, tide sensors, and wind sensors. Remote sensors are discussed, giving attention to sensing techniques, acoustic echo-sounders, gamma ray sensors, optical sensors, radar sensors, and microwave radiometric sensors.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    Systematic study of aplanatic two-mirror telescopes. II - The Gregorian configuration (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 86
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    Fluxgate magnetometers for outer planets exploration (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The exploration of the interplanetary medium and the magnetospheres of the outer planets requires the implementation of magnetic field measuring instrumentation with wide dynamic range, high stability, and reliability. The fluxgate magnetometers developed for the Pioneer 11 and Mariner-Jupiter-Saturn missions are presented. These instruments cover the range of .01 nT to 2 million nT with optimum performance characteristics and low power consumption.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    The S-193 radar altimeter experiment (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The Skylab S-193 altimeter experiment utilizes a 10- and 100-ns pulse length, 13.9-GHz earth-pointed radar system to obtain earth-surface backscatter measurements from the Skylab spacecraft. Objectives of the experiment are to obtain precision measurements of surface profile for uses in geodesy, oceanography, and earth physics, and to measure radar-signal characteristics from an earth-orbit geometry to provide design information for future radar remote-sensors. The technical approach is that of measuring the power impulse response of the scattering surface. The hardware is designed to operate in five modes: waveform or impulse-response measurement and altitude determination; radar cross-section experiment; signal correlation experiment; 10-nsec pulse-compression evaluation; and nadir-seeker experiment.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: IEEE; vol. 62
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    Interactive design of large end rings on stiffened conical shells using composites (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Design study methods and results for a composite reinforced base ring for the conical aeroshell structure of the planetary lander vehicle for Project Viking, an unmanned mission to Mars, are presented. The aeroshell is a ring and stringer-stiffened conical shell structure having a half angle of 70 degrees with a large base ring mounted at the outer edge of the cone and a large pay-load ring in the interior with many smaller rings spaced along the inside shell surface. The purpose of the structure is to develop the aerodynamic drag required to decelerate the lander in the Mars atmosphere to facilitiate a soft landing. The design of a shell structure of this complexity requires the use of the latest technology available in a large general-purpose shell buckling program. The large general-purpose non-linear shell buckling program (BOSOR 2) which was used for this purpose is described.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 89
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    Holography and the control of self-propelled vehicles (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The possibility of applying the principles of holography and optical data processing in the control of self-propelled space vehicles is considered. Various methods of controlling space vehicles are described: (1) by the results of comparing the image with the standard hologram; (2) by holographic images transmitted over moon earth communications channels; and (3) on the basis of using autotelevision cameras with a three dimensional screen. Procedures are presented for obtaining the standard holograms. The structural organization of the microprogrammed automaton controlling the movement of the space vehicle is also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 111-142
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    Electronic power generators for ultrasonic frequencies (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The design and construction of an ultrasonic frequency electronic power generator are discussed. The principle design elements of the generator are illustrated. The generator provides an inductive load with an output power of two kilowatts and a variable output frequency in the fifteen to thirty KiloHertz range. The method of conducting the tests and the results obtained with selected materials are analyzed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 33-39
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    Portable apparatus with CRT display for nondestructive testing of concrete by the ultrasonic pulse method (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The development of methods for the nondestructive study of concrete structures is discussed. The nondestructive test procedure is based on the method of ultrasonic pulse transmission through the material. The measurements indicate that the elastic properties of concrete or other heterogeneous materials are a function of the rate of ultrasonic propagation. Diagrams of the test equipment are provided. Mathematical models are included to support the theoretical aspects.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 27-32
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    Method of vibration analysis using holographic interferometry and heterodyne optical detection (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A method of studying thin plate vibrations with the aid of a laser beam is discussed. Through a suitable combination of time-average holographic interferometry, real-time holographic interferometry, and heterodyne optical detection, it is possible to obtain complete information on the vibration parameters of modes, amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. The method has the advantage of three dimensional global observation, noncontact, and high precision measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 7-14
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    On the ultrasonic holography (1974)
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    Beschreibung: The development of a system of ultrasonic holography is discussed. The limitations of the acousto-optical transformers, the scanning method, and the Pohlman cell are analyzed. The application of the free liquid surface deformation method is emphasized. The test equipment required for the liquid surface deformation method is described. An illustration of a typical test installation is provided.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 1-6
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    Holography with standing surface plasma waves (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Holography with standing surface plasma waves, where both reference and object beams propagate in opposite directions, has been investigated using an Al reflection grating coated with evaporated As2S3 layers. The image, which appears only for p-polarization and at certain critical angles, is enhanced by the Lippman-Bragg effect and by an increase in intensity over ordinary holography approximately equal to the absolute value of the real part of the dielectric constant for Al. Also considered is holography with object light alone in photoresist layers, using the beam-splitting properties of the grating.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optics Communications; 12; Dec. 197
    Format: text
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    Porous leak evaluation and application to calibration of a high-pressure ion gauge (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology; 11; Sept
    Format: text
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  • 96
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    Boundary value problems with incremental plasticity in granular media (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Discussion of the critical state concept in terms of an incremental theory of plasticity in granular (soil) media, and formulation of the governing equations which are convenient for a computational scheme using the finite element method. It is shown that the critical state concept with its representation by the classical incremental theory of plasticity can provide a powerful means for solving a wide variety of boundary value problems in soil media.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Format: text
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  • 97
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    A solution to the contact of two rough spherical surfaces (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The influence of roughness on the interfacial pressure distribution in the contact of two spherical surfaces is considered. An approximate general solution is presented and it is shown that the pressure for all radii can be determined solely from a reference pressure which is, in turn, a function of two parameters - a dimensionless roughness and a dimensionless hardness. Values for the radius of contact are also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Format: text
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  • 98
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    Dustsonde and lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosols - A comparison (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Comparison of lidar and in situ measurements of stratospheric aerosol profiles obtained by backscattered ruby laser light and by direct in situ sampling over Laramie, Wyoming, on two nights in mid-September 1972. The lidar backscattering and the particle number density profiles correlated well. Based on these initial comparative experiments, the ground-based lidar coupled with temperature soundings appears to be a possible method for determining the relative aerosol profile under given stratospheric loading conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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  • 99
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    Fabrication of an extreme ultraviolet glancing incidence telescope (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A technique is described for use in the fabrication of glancing incidence telescopes which operate at large grazing angles (i.e., 8 to 15 degrees). Precision conic section plunge laps are used in a controlled grinding procedure to initially generate imaging surfaces which have a minimum of subsurface damage. A numerically controlled Moore Number 3 Measuring Machine is used throughout the fabrication procedure. Surface geometry accuracies on the order of one-tenth micron have been achieved.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Optical Engineering; 13; Mar
    Format: text
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  • 100
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    An induction into the design of flight test instrumentation systems (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-05-22
    Beschreibung: The development of flight test instrumentation systems based on specific requirements for the flight tests is discussed. The factors which influence the instrumentation system design are described. The use of a measurements list as a device for determining flight test requirements is explained. A block diagram of a typical flight test instrumentation system is provided. The effects of factors such as cost, schedule, personnel, accuracy, environmental qualifications, and reliability are analyzed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: AGARD AGARD Flight Test Instrumentation Ser., Vol. 1; 9 p
    Format: text
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