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  • 1
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    Two‐channel laboratory scattering meter (1975)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1975-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    The HOMIN, A Holographic Multipass Interferometer (1970)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-4780
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Multichannel forward scattering meter for oceanography (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An instrument was designed and built that measures the light scattered at several angles in the forward direction simultaneously. The instrument relies on an optical multiplexing technique for frequency encoding of the different channels suitable for detection by a single photodetector. A Mie theory computer program was used to calculate the theoretical volume scattering function for a suspension of polystyrene latex spheres. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental volume scattering functions is taken as a verification of the calibration technique used.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Ocean color spectrum calculations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: There is obvious value in developing the means for measuring a number of subsurface oceanographic parameters using remotely sensed ocean color data. The first step in this effort should be the development of adequate theoretical models relating the desired oceanographic parameters to the upwelling radiances to be observed. A portion of a contributory theoretical model can be described by a modified single scattering approach based on a simple treatment of multiple scattering. The resulting quasisingle scattering model can be used to predict the upwelling distribution of spectral radiance emerging from the sea. The shape of the radiance spectrum predicted by this model for clear ocean water shows encouraging agreement with measurements made at the edge of the Sargasso Sea off Cape Hatteras.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Remote measurement of water color (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper contains a discussion of the requirements and approaches which can be taken in the development of techniques for the analysis of remote multispectral imagery of natural bodies of water. There are two general approaches which can be used in the analysis of multispectral water color data collected by aircraft or satellite remote sensors. With the theoretical modeling approach, optically important constituents of natural waters are mathematically related to the upwelling radiance spectrum received by the remote sensor. With the empirical approach, the relationships are determined empirically by comparing remote sensing data with surface truth data. There are several levels of mathematical sophistication which can be applied to both approaches. The two approaches are discussed in some detail and it is concluded that the two approaches are closely related and should be pursued simultaneously for maximum utilization of the laboratory and field measurement data which will be needed. A set of minimum surface truth measurement parameters and techniques is suggested.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 5; 1, 19; 1976
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    The 2 deg/90 deg laboratory scattering photometer (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A scattering photometer for measuring the light scattered by particles in a hydrosol at substantially 2 deg and 90 deg simultaneously is described. Light from a source is directed by a first optical system into a scattering cell containing the hydrosol under study. Light scattered at substantially 90 deg to the incident beam is focused onto a first photoelectric detector to generate an electrical signal indicative of the amount of scattered light at substantially 90 deg. Light scattered at substantially 2 deg to the incident beam is directed through an annular aperture symmetrically located about the axis of the illuminating beam which is linearly transmitted undeviated through the hydrosol and focused onto a second photoelectric detector to generate an electrical signal indicative of the amount of light scattered at substantially 2 deg.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Radiometry of water turbidity measurements (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An examination of a number of measurements of turbidity reported in the literature reveals considerable variability in the definitions, units, and measurement techniques used. Many of these measurements differ radically in the optical quantity measured. The radiometric basis of each of the most common definitions of turbidity is examined. Several commercially available turbidimeters are described and their principles of operation are evaluated radiometrically. It is recommended that the term turbidity be restricted to measurements based upon the light scattered by the sample with that scattered by standard suspensions of known turbidity. It is also recommended that the measurement procedure be standardized by requiring the use of Formazin as the turbidity standardizing material and that the Formazin Turbidity Unit (FTU) be adopted as the standard unit of turbidity.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70641 , X-913-74-109
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Economical measurement of particle concentration (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Meter utilizes three optical systems to detect light scattered by particles in hydrosol at 2 deg and 90 deg simultaneously. Device has capability to detect relative amounts of organic and inorganic contaminants and, with proper calibration, to measure contribution of various species to changes in contamination levels in liquid mediums.
    Keywords: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
    Type: GSC-12088 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 1; 3; P. 258
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Estimation of sunlight penetration in the sea for remote sensing (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There is a need for a simple theoretical approach to the calculation of sunlight penetration depths suitable for passive multispectral remote sensing of water resources. An earlier paper presented an approach which is readily adapted to this calculation and which provides reasonably good agreement with more accurate but time-consuming radiative transfer models. The needed modifications are described and the model is used to calculate the penetration of sunlight into clear ocean water at several wavelengths throughout the visible portion of the spectrum. Calculations for both clear and turbid water are carried out for the two visible channels of the multispectral scanner on NASA's ERTS-1 satellite. The effect of a reflective bottom on the upwelling light field is discussed. Measurement parameters needed for the passive remote determination of water depths are identified and the use of submerged reflective panels for surface truth measurements is discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70643 , X-913-74-113
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Ocean color spectrum calculations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The development is considered of procedures for measuring a number of subsurface oceanographic parameters using remotely sensed ocean color data. It is proposed that the first step in this effort should be the development of adequate theoretical models relating the desired oceanographic parameters to the upwelling radiances to be observed. A portion of a contributory theoretical model is shown to be described by a modified single scattering approach based upon a simple treatment of multiple scattering. The resulting quasi-single scattering model can be used to predict the upwelling distribution of spectral radiance emerging from the sea. The shape of the radiance spectrum predicted by this model for clear ocean water shows encouraging agreement with measurments made at the edge of the Sargasso Sea off Cape Hatteras.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70594 , X-913-74-53
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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