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  • Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics  (33)
  • Temperatur  (29)
  • 42.75
  • 1950-1954  (53)
  • 1935-1939  (9)
  • 1
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    In:  Mitt. Obstbauvers. ring Altes Land, York 7:102-115.
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Bericht über die Folgen des Spätfrostes im Jahr 1952 an verschiedenen Obstbaumarten (Äpfel, Birnen, Kirschen, Beeren) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag von Obstbäumen. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Januar, Februar, März) +, dann Vegetationsbeginn - (früher); Delta Nied (Februar-Mai) -, dann Ertrag (Boskoop, Coulon, Kehdinger Rambur, Cox) -; Delta T (Mai) - : T 〈 0 °C(Spätfröste), dann Schäden der Früchte an Obstbäumen -;
    Keywords: Niederelbe ; 1952 ; Apfel ; Kirsche ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Frost ; Obst ; Birne
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  • 2
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    In:  Nachrichtenblatt des deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 5, Nr.10; p.145-150
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Der Autor untersuchte die für das Auftreten des weißen Bärenspinners günstigen Temperaturen im ehemaligen Jugoslawien (Palic, Vojvodina) und Österreich (Burgenland) und identifizierte die Temperaturen von Mai bis August als wichtige Einflußfaktoren auf die Entwicklungszeit des Falters. Hierdurch konnten Temperaturen identifiziert werden bei denen eine, zwei oder sogar drei Generationen im Jahresverlauf vorkommen können. Sobald die Temperaturen 14-15°C überschreiten, kann die Entwicklung der ersten Generation beginnen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurden dazu eingesetzt, um das Ausbreitungspotential des Schmetterlings aufgrund klimatischer Parameter nach Mitteleuropa abzuschätzen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Jugoslawien, Österreich, Deutschland ; 1946-1952 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
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  • 3
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    In:  Prakt. Blätt. Pflanzenb. u. –schutz 14;p. 343-348
    Publication Date: 1937
    Description: Der Autor schildert detailliert den Witterungsverlauf des Vegetationsjahres 1935/36, gibt eine kleine Übersicht über die aufgetretenen Pflanzenkarankheiten und -schädlinge und bringt beides ansatzweise in einen Zusammenhang. Zudem listet er die Erträge des Vegetationsjahres auf und beurteilt diese. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1936 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Hochwasser
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  • 4
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    In:  Ratgeber Obst-, Gartenbau, Geflügelzucht, Heft 5, p. 102-103
    Publication Date: 1951
    Description: Beschreibung der Faktoren für Lebenslauf und Massenvermehrung sowie Ratschläge zur Bekämpfung des Apfelwicklers mittels Spritzungen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Entwicklung des Apfelwicklers in seinen Stadien und der Temperatur sowie der Feuchtigkeit KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T: Tmin 〈 10°C, dann keine Entwicklung von Ei und Raupe möglich; T 〈 11°C, dann keine Entwicklung von Puppe möglich; Delta T +, dann Einbohren in den Apfel +; T〈15°C, dann kein Einbohren möglich; Tmit(Dekade)〉15°C, dann Flugbeginn; Delta Nied (Mai+Juni)-, dann Apfelwickler +
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1950 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Obst
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1954
    Description: Bericht über Untersuchungen zur Terminwahl für die Bekämpfung von Kohlschotenrüßler und Kohlschotengallmücke sowie Vergleiche der Ergebnisse mit der bisherigen Literatur KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Temperatur auf das Auftreten des Kohlschotenrüßlers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: Tmit 〉 15°C, dann Erscheinen des Kohlschotenrüßlers
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1952-1953 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Raps
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  • 6
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    In:  Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Zentralanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 69
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Bericht über die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zu den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Larve und Wirtspflanze KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Temperatur auf den Larvenbefall KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -, dann Entwicklungsdauer der Larven +; T 〉 0°C, dann Froststarre und Wanderfähigkeit -; Delta T - und Delta Relf +, dann Larvenmortalität +
    Keywords: Berlin-Dahlem ; 1948-1949 ; Insekten ; Luftfeuchte ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Raps
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  • 7
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    In:  Z. f. Acker- und Pflanzenbau 95:233-260
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen der Temperatur und dem Niederschlag zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: (Einteilung in Dekaden) zu verschiedenen, ertragsrelevanten Zeiträumen (Blühreife, Anlagestadium, Knospenstadium und Blütenstadium) von Apfel und Birnen und Zusammenhang zu Niederschlag und Temperatur bei verschiedenen Sorten KATASTER-DETAIL: Nied+(〉30mm) (Knospendifferenzierung, 20.6-20.7. des Vorjahres), Nied+(〉70mm im März), Nied+ (〉20mm 1-10 Tage vor der Blüte), Tmit*(Tmin 〈-2°C als Nachftrost kritisch, vor, währed und 30 Tage nach der Blüte) und Nied- (〈70mm, bis 30 Tage nach der Blüte) führten zu hohen Erträgen
    Keywords: Baden-Württemberg, Hohenheim ; 1936-1947 ; Apfel ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Frost ; Obst ; Birne
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  • 8
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    In:  Die Gartenbauwissenschaft 10: 289-353
    Publication Date: 1937
    Description: Beschreibung der Beziehungen zwischen Ernteerträgen und der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag mithilfe der Rangordungsmethode nach Holdefleiss) in 2 unterschiedlich klimatischen Regionen, Bestimmung von kritischen Zeiten, Auswirkungen auf die Obstsorten und -arten. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Faktoren Niederschlag und Temperatur haben zu bestimmten Zeiten wichtige Funktionen, schwanken aber zwischen den Arten und Sorten, jedoch Niederschlag ab Mai gewinnt umso mehr an Bedeutung, je geringer die Wasserspeicherkapazität des Bodens, höchster Wasserbedarf im Mai/Juni KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Temp+ (April im Erntejahr), dann Ertrag ++ Delta Nied Juni (〉63mm Mittel von 1928-33 in Dahlem), dann Ertrag Gravensteiner 〉 115kg Delta Nied+ und Delta Temp+ (Juli-August im Vorjahr), dann Ertrag ++ Delta Nied- (Juli-August im aktuellen Jahr, , dann Ertrag -
    Keywords: Berlin, Hohenheim ; 1909-33, 1907-28 ; Apfel ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Birne
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  • 9
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    In:  Zeitschr. angew. Meterologie. 56. Jahrgang. Heft 9. S.273-289
    Publication Date: 1939
    Description: Bericht über die Entwicklung von Spätfrösten im norddeutschen Flachland, über die Frühwarnung und über Untersuchungen zur Brauchbarkeit von Frostschutzversuchen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Temperatur auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (März) + und Delta T (April) - (Frost), dann Schäden an Obstbäumen + und Ertrag -;
    Keywords: Norddeutschland, Unterelbe ; 1930-1939 ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung ; Globalstrahlung ; Frost ; Obst
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  • 10
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    In:  Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Zentralanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 73
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: 4-jährige Feldexperimente und -beobachtungen zum winterlichen Massenwechsel der grünen Pfirsichblattlaus KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Entscheidende Faktoren für Vorkommen und Ausmaß der anholozyklischen Überwinterung KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T-: T(Bodennähe)〈= -5°C, dann Myzodes persicae -; Winterfröste: Dauer + , zeitiger, Minimum -, dann Myzodes persicae -; Nachwinter: Delta T + und Delta Nied -, dann Myzodes persicae +
    Keywords: Kölner Bucht ; 1948 - 1951 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
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  • 11
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    In:  Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 3, p. 518-529
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Untersuchungen zum Ausbleiben des erwarteten starken Befalls im Herbst 1952 und Vergleich mit bereits veröffentlichten Erkenntnissen zum Massenwechsel des Rapserdflohs; KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit des Massenwechsels des Rapserdflohs von der Witterung (Temperatur) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -: Delta T (August, September) -, dann Zuwanderung der Rapserdflöhe -;
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1953 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Raps
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  • 12
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    In:  Landw. Forsch. Darmstadt, 2. Sonderheft: 51-60
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Überblick über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Klima bzw. Witterung und Pflanzenqualität von Ackerfrüchten, Wiesengräsern, Obst, Gemüse, Gewürzpflanzen und Wein KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenschein, Strahlung) auf die Qualität verschiedener Anbaukulturen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Erntezeit) + und Delta Nied (Erntezeit) -, dann Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) -; Delta T (Erntezeit) - und Delta Nied (Erntezeit) +, dann Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) +; Delta T (Zeit der Kornausbildung) ++ und Delta Nied (Zeit der Kornausbildung) -, dann Stärkegehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) - und Einweißgehalt der Körner + sowie Größe der Körner -; Delta T (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) + und Delta Sonn (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) + und Delta Nied (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) -, dann besserer Kleber und gute Backfähigkeit; Delta blaue Strahlung +, dann Einweißgehalt - und Kleberqualität +; Delta Nied (Juni, Juli) +, dann Fermenttätigkeit +; Informationen zu den anderen Anbaukulturen: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1. Hälfte 20. Jahrhundert ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Obst ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Wein ; Gemüse
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  • 13
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    In:  Gesunde Pflanzen 5: 261-263
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beschreibung der Auswirkungen von Spätfrösten auf den Ertrag von verschiedenen frostempfindlichen Kulturpflanzen (Winter-Gerste, Erbsen, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Ertrag (Erbsen) --; Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Erntezeitpunkt (Kartoffeln) + (später);
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1952 ; Kartoffeln ; Anbautermine ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Wachstum ; Wassermangel ; Witterung ; Frost ; Gerste ; Erbsen
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  • 14
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    In:  Akademie-Verlag Berlin, Abhandlungen des meteorologischen und hydrologischen Dienstes der deutschen demokratischen Republik, Nr. 14, Bd. II.
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Phänogramme und Beschreibung der Abhängigkeit verschiedenster Zeigerpflanzen des Frühlings (Schneeglöckchen, Rosskastanie, Flieder), des Sommers (Holunder, Roggen) und des Herbstes von meteorologischen Faktoren und Vergleich mit landwirtschaftlich wichtigen phänologischen Phasen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Eintritt phänologischer Phasen ist von den Temperatursummen abhängig; Einfluss der Temperatur auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: T 〉 8°C, dann Beginn Pflanzenwachstum; Delta T (Mai und Juni) -, dann Erträge Winterroggen +;
    Keywords: Thüringen ; 1881-1909, 1929-1948 ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Phänologie ; Temperatur
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  • 15
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    In:  Neue Mitt. Landwirtsch. 6, Nr.9; p.139-140
    Publication Date: 1951
    Description: Der Autor entwickelt ein Temperatursummenmodell zur Vorhersage der Kopula des Apfelblütenstechers. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Temperatursummenmodell zur Vorhersage der Kopula des Apfelblütenstechers KATASTER-DETAIL: Kopula tritt ab einer Temperatursumme (aufsummierte Stundenwerte) von 900-1000°C bei einer Basis von 8°C auf.
    Keywords: Hessen, Dippelshof ; 1948-1950 ; Apfel ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Untersuchungen zur Schlüpfzeit, der Generationszahl und der Abflugzeiten von Myzodes persicae Sulzer am Pfirsichbaum KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Klima, Witterung und Schlüpfablauf von Myzodes persicae KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -, dann Verzögerung im Schlüpfablauf
    Keywords: Bonn ; 1947-1950 ; Kartoffeln ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
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  • 17
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    In:  Neue Mitt. Landwirtsch., p. 395-396
    Publication Date: 1951
    Description: Verbale Beschreibung des bisherigen Wissens über die Blattfleckenkrankheit und deren Erreger KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung (Temperatur, Luftfeuchte) und dem Auftreten der Krankheit KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Sommer) + und Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Auftreten von Cercospora +; Delta Relf +, dann Anzahl und Größe der Konidien +; Relf 〉 98%, dann Keimung der Konidien; Delta T: 20°C 〈 T 〈 30°C, dann schnellste Keimung der Konidien; 25°C 〈 T 〈 30°C, dann optimales Wachstum des Myzels; °C 〉 T 〈 40°C, dann kein Wachstum des Myzels
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1950 ; Zuckerrüben ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 1951
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Massenauftreten des Rübenderbrüßlers in Abhängigkeit von der vorherrschenden Witterung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen der Witterung (Bodentemperatur und Bodenfeuchte) und dem Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Mortalität +; Delta T (Sommer des Vorjahres) + und Delta Nied (Sommer des Vorjahres) - sowie Delta T ( Frühjahr des Schadjahres) +, dann Massenauftreten des Käfers +; Delta T: Tmit (Boden) 〉 10°C, Auskriechen der Käfer aus dem Boden
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1947-1949 ; Insekten ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung
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  • 19
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    In:  Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 2, Nr. 2/3, p. 256-315
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen zur Biologie, Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung des Rübenderbrüßlers KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einflüsse der Witterung auf die Entwicklung und das Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T und Delta Nied und Delta Sonn: T(Boden)〉8°C und Delta Nied -, Delta T (Luft) + und Delta Sonn +, dann Verlassen des Bodens; Delta T -, dann Unterbrechungen der Abwanderung +; Delta T und Delta Sonn: T〉=22°C und Sonnenschein, dann Flug; Delta T: T〉= 15-17°C, dann Reifung; T=26,2°C und Relf=30-37%, dann maximale Eizahl; T〈2°C, dann Erstarrungszustand; Delta Nied (Mai, Juni) -, dann Massenauftreten +; Delta T +, dann Eizahl +;
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1950 ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 20
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    In:  Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Zentralanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 79
    Publication Date: 1954
    Description: Zusammenfassender Bericht über die in den Jahren 1947-1952 in Westdeutschland durchgeführten Untersuchungen zur Epidemiologie, Verbreitung, wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung und Bekämpfung dieser Virose KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Hauptbefallsgebiete sind solche, mit mildem Winterklima, in denen die langjährigen Mittelwerte des kältesten Monats Januar nicht unter 0°C abfallen; KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer) -, dann Delta t(Individualentwicklung der Überträger)- und Massenentwicklung (der Überträger) +; Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer)-, dann Vergilbungsschäden +; Delta T - und Delta Lichtintensität -, dann Wirkung des Virus -;
    Keywords: Westdeutschland ; 1947-1952 ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Düngung
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  • 21
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    In:  Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, p. 171-172
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Bericht über die Beobachtungen zur Entwicklung und zum Auftreten der Möhrenfliege unter dem Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage auf die Befallsstärke der Fliege KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Lichtintensität +, dann Möhrenfliegenbefall -; Delta Nied +, dann Entwicklung der Maden +; Delta Wind +, dann Befall -
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; 1948-1949 ; Insekten ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gemüse
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beobachtungen zu den wichtigsten Massenwechselphasen, welche phänologisch mit Hilfe der Temperatursummenregel ausgewertet wurden sowie Beobachtungen zum Einfluss des Mikroklimas auf die Flugphase KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen den wichtigsten Massenwechselperioden und der Temperatur, angegeben mit der mittleren Temperatursumme ab dem Eintritt des Vorfrühlings (Schneeglöckchenblüte); Einfluss von flugbegrenzenden Faktoren (Licht, Wind, Niederschlag) und flugbeeinflussenden Faktoren (Temperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit) KATASTER-DETAIL: Temperatursumme = 160°C, dann Schlüpfen der ersten Fundatrixlarven; Temperatursumme = 360°C, dann Eintreten erster reifer Fundatrizen; Temperatursumme = 600°C, dann Reife der ersten fundatrigenen Fliegen und Anfang des fundatrigenen Zufluges; Temperatursumme = 1000-1050°C, dann Ende des fundatrigenen Zufluges und Anfang des virginogenen Zufluges; temperatursumme = 2280-2420°C, dann Ende des virginogenen Zufluges; Delta Lichtintensität + und Windgeschwindigkeit 〈 0,6m/s und T(Blattoberfläche ) 〉= 17°C, bzw. T (Luft) 〉= 15-16°C und Delta Nied -, dann Abflug +; Delta T +, dann Ablfug +, T 〉 20-26°C, dann Abflug -; Relf = 60%, dann optimaler Bereich für Abflug;
    Keywords: Quedlinburg, Thüringen ; 1949-1952 ; Luftfeuchte ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung
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  • 23
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    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, p. 143-148
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Bericht über die Untersuchungen zur Frage der Abhängigkeit der Imagines von klimatischen Faktoren KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Wind, Sonnenscheindauer, Luftfeuchte) auf die Flugaktivität KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: T= 18°C, dann Höchstwert an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern; T 〉 18°C oder T 〈 18°C, dann Zahl an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern -; Delta Sonn +, dann Flugaktivität +; T = 23°C und Relf = 70%, dann Optimum der Flugaktivität; T = 13°C, dann Flugaktivität verhindert Delta Wind +: Wind 〉 1m/s, dann Flugaktivität vermindert, Wind 〉 2m/s, dann Flugaktivität stark gehemmt
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1952 ; Insekten ; Luftfeuchte ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 24
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    In:  Archiv der wiss. Ges. f. Land- und Forstwirtschaft 2
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Untersuchungen zu Ertragsunterschieden bei Zuckerrüben, Kartoffeln und Hafer durch Errechnen der Wasserbilanz in einzelnen Monaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Temperatur und Niederschlag (=der Wasserbilanz) auf den Ertrag von Zuckerrübe, Hafer und Kartoffel KATASTER-DETAIL: Wasserbilanz (März bis April) ausgeglichen oder leicht positiv, dann Erträge +; Wasserbilanz (Mai bis Juni) stark negativ über mindestens 25 Tage, dann Erträge +; Wasserbilanz (Juli bis September) ausgeglichen, dann Erträge +; Delta T (Frühjahr) +, dann Erträge +; Delta T +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta T (außer Juli; bes. Juni) -, dann Erträge (Hafer)+
    Keywords: Niedersachsen, Grossraum Hannover - Göttingen ; 1932-40, 1947-49 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Verdunstung ; Wassermangel
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  • 25
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    In:  Diss. Halle (Saale), Kühn-Archiv, Band 42, 1936
    Publication Date: 1936
    Description: Rangordnungsmethode nach Holdefleiß zur qualitativen Ertragsanalyse, Untersucht wurden die Erträge von Roggen, Weizen, Gerste, Hafer, Erbsen, Pferdebohnen, Hackfrüchte, Rübensamen, Zuckerrüben, Futterrüben, Kartoffeln KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Sonn (Winter) +, dann Ertrag (Roggen und Weizen) +; Delta T (Winter, September bis März) + und Delta T (Mai, Juni) -, dann Ertrag (Gerste) +; Delta Sonn (Winter) +, dann Ertrag (Sommergetreide) +; Delta T (April, Mai) - und Delta Nied (April, Mai) +, dann Ertrag (Weizen) +; Delta T (Mai bis Juli) - und Delta Nied (Mai bis Juli) +, dann Ertrag (Gerste) +; Delta Nied (April bis Juni) -, dann Ertrag (Hafer) -; Delta Sonn (März) +, dann Ertrag (Hafer) +; Delta Sonn (März) + und Delta T (Mai bis Erntezeit) -, dann Ertrag (Viktoria-Erbse) +; Delta Sonn (Winter) + und Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Ertrag (Pferdebohnen) +; Delta Nied +, dann Ertrag (Hackfrüchte) +; Delta Sonn (März, April) +, dann Ertrag (Zuckerrüben) +; Delta Sonn (Winter) +, dann Ertrag (Futterrüben) +; Delta T (September, Oktober - Vorjahr) + und Delta Nied (September, Oktober - Vorjahr) -, dann Ertrag (Kartoffeln) +; Delta Sonn (Winter) +, dann Ertrag (Kartoffeln) +; Delta Nied (April bis Agust) +, dann Ertrag (Kartoffeln) +;
    Keywords: Eichsfeld und Thüringer Becken ; 1900-1931 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Rangordnungsmethode ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wassermangel ; Witterung
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Einteilung der Witterung in Pentaden, Berechnung einer Wetterwertzahl und Bezug zum Ernteertrag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag, Temperatur) auf den Ertrag verschiedener Getreidearten (Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Sommerroggen, Hafer, Winterweizen, Wintergerste, Winterroggen) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Tmit (Pentade) 〉 5°C, dann Beginn Vegetationsperiode; Delta Nied (Winter) -, dann Ertrag (Sommergetreidearten) +; Delta Nied (März) -, dann Erträge (Sommerweizen, Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Erträge (Wintergetreidearten) -; Delta Nied (Winter) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen, Wintergerste) -; t (T 〉 5°C) + (früher), dann Erträge (Winterweizen, Wintergerste) +; Detaillierte Informationen zu den einzelnen Getreidearten: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Brandenburg ; 1938-39, 1943 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Wind ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Mitteilungen für die Landwirtschaft 51(Heft 46).
    Publication Date: 1936
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Ernteausfall und dessen Beeinflussung durch den Witterungsverlauf im Jahr 1936. Vergleich mit vergangenen Jahren. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Temperatur und Niederschlag in den Monaten April, Mai und Juni und den Reichsertragsschätzungen, bzw. den tatsächlichen Erträgen. Bedeutung eines längeren warmen und niederschlagsarmen Junis für Getreide. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Juni) -, dann Erträge + Delta T (Juni) + und Niederschlage -, dann Ersträge -
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1930-1936 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 1937
    Description: Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung der Winterfeuchtigkeit für Roggen bis etwa zum Zeitpunkt des Ährenschiebens, Wechselwirkung Sonnenscheindauer, Temperatur und Niederschlag in unterschiedlichen phänologischen Stadien bei unterschiedlichen Roggensorten und variierender Stickstoffgabe KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Sonnenschein, Temperatur, Niederschlag)auf das Wachstum KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Sonn -, dann Längenwachstum +; Winterfeuchtigkeit +, dann Wachstum +; Delta Nied (von N-Düngung bis Ährenschieben) - und Delta T (von N-Düngung bis Ährenschieben) +, dann Längenwachstum = max; Delta Nied (Hauptvegetationszeit) +, Delta T (Hauptvegetationszeit) -, Delta Sonn (Hauptvegetationszeit) -, dann Längenwachstum +; Delta Nied (Hauptvegetationszeit) + und Delta Wind (Hauptvegetationszeit) +, dann Lagerbildung +;
    Keywords: Brandenburg, Versuchsfeld Bornim bei Potsdam ; 1932-36 ; Ertrag ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Wachstum ; Düngung
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Auftreten von Roggengallmücke, Halmfliege, Getreidehalmwespe, Hafermilbe und Zwergzikade unter bestimmten Witterungsbedingungen (warme und trockene Sommer und Herbste) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) im Sommer und Herbst auf das Auftreten der Getreideschädlinge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Sommer und Herbst) + und Delta Nied (Sommer und Hebrst) -, dann Auftreten +; Trockenperioden über mindestens 2 Jahre, dann Massenauftreten
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1947-1950 ; Anbautermine ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An approximate method for development of flow and thermal boundary layers in laminar regime on cylinders with arbitrary cross section and transpiration-cooled walls is obtained by use of Karman's integrated momentum equation and an analogous heat-flow equation. Incompressible flow with constant property values throughout boundary layer is assumed. Shape parameters for approximated velocity and temperature profiles and functions necessary for solution of boundary-layer equations are presented as charts, reducing calculations to a minimum. The method is applied to determine local heat-transfer coefficients and surface temperature-cooled turbine blades for a given flow rate. Coolant flow distributions necessary for maintaining uniform blade temperatures are also determined.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E51F22
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The presence of radomes and instruments that are sensitive to water films or ice formations in the nose section of all-weather aircraft and missiles necessitates a knowledge of the droplet impingement characteristics of bodies of revolution. Because it is possible to approximate many of these bodies with an ellipsoid of revolution, droplet trajectories about an ellipsoid of revolution with a fineness ratio of 10 were computed for incompressible axisymmetric air flow. From the computed droplet trajectories, the following impingement characteristics of the ellipsoid surface were obtained and are presented in terms of dimensionless parameters: (1) total rate of water impingement, (2) extent of droplet impingement zone, and (3) local rate of water impingement. These impingement characteristics are compared briefly with those previously reported for an ellipsoid of revolution with a fineness ratio of 5.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-3147
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation at a free-stream Mach number of 2.02 was made to determine the effects of a propulsive jet on a wing surface located in the vicinity of a choked convergent nozzle. Static-pressure surveys were made on a flat surface that was located in the vicinity of the propulsive jet. The nozzle was operated over a range of exit pressure ratios at different fixed vertical distances from the flat surface. Within the scope of this investigation, it was found that shock waves, formed in the external flow because of the presence of the propulsive jet, impinged on the flat surface and greatly altered the pressure distribution. An integration of this pressure distribution, with the location of the propulsive jet exit varied from 1.450 propulsive-jet exit diameters to 3.392 propulsive-jet exit diameters below the wing, resulted in an incremental lift for all jet locations that was equal to the gross thrust at an exit pressure ratio of 2.86. This incremental lift increased with increase in exit pressure ratio, but not so rapidly as the thrust increased, and was approximately constant at any given exit pressure ratio.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L54E05a
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Numerical solutions of the differential equation obtained from the momentum theorem for the development of a turbulent boundary layer along a thermally insulated surface in two-dimensional and in radial shock-free flow are presented in tabular form for a range of Mach numbers from 0.100 to 10. The solution can be used in a step-wise procedure with any given distribution of favorable pressure gradients and for zero pressure gradients. Solutions are also given for use with moderate adverse pressure gradients. The mean velocity in the boundary layer is approximated by a power-law profile. In view of the stepwise integration methods to be used, the exponent designated the profile shape can be varied along the surface between the integral fraction limits 1/5 and 1/11 through interpolation. Agreement obtained between theoretical and experimental boundary-layer development in a supersonic nozzle at a nominal Mach number of 2 indicates the general validity of the approximations used in the analysis - in particular, the method of extrapolating low-speed skin-friction relations to high Mach number flows. The extrapolation method used assumes that the skin-friction coefficient depend primarily on Reynolds number, provided that the density and the kinematic viscosity are evaluated at surface conditions.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-2045
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The condensation pressure of air was determined over the range of temperature from 60 to 85 K. The experimental results were slightly higher than the calculated values based on the ideal solution law. Heat of vaporization of oxygen was determined at four temperatures ranging from about 68 to 91 K and of nitrogen similarly at four temperatures ranging from 62 to 78 K.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-2969
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The heat requirements for the icing protection of two radome configurations have been studied over a range of design icing conditions. Both the protection limits of a typical thermal protection system and the relative effects of the various icing variables have been determined. For full evaporation of all impinging water, an effective heat density of 14 watts per square inch was required. When a combination of the evaporation and running wet surface systems was employed, a heat requirement of 5 watts per square inch provided protection at severe icing and operating conditions.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E53A22
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Navier-Stokes equations of motion and the equation of continuity are transformed so as to apply to an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system rotating with a uniform angular velocity about an arbitrary axis in space. A usual simplification of these equations as consistent with the accepted boundary-layer theory and an integration of these equations through the boundary layer result in boundary-layer momentum-integral equations for three-dimensional flows that are applicable to either rotating or nonrotating fluid boundaries. These equations are simplified and an approximate solution in closed integral form is obtained for a generalized boundary-layer momentum-loss thickness and flow deflection at the wall in the turbulent case. A numerical evaluation of this solution carried out for data obtained in a curving nonrotating duct shows a fair quantitative agreement with the measures values. The form in which the equations are presented is readily adaptable to cases of steady, three-dimensional, incompressible boundary-layer flow like that over curved ducts or yawed wings; and it also may be used to describe the boundary-layer flow over various rotating surfaces, thus applying to turbomachinery, propellers, and helicopter blades.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TR-1067
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The trajectories of droplets in the air flowing past NACA 65(1)-208 airfoil and an NACA 65(1)-212 airfoil, both at an angle of attack of 4 degrees, were determined. The amount of water in droplet form impinging on the airfoils, the area of droplet impingement, and the rate of droplet impingement per unit area on the airfoil surface affected were calculated from the trajectories and are presented. The amount, extent, and rate of impingement of the NACA 65(1)-208 airfoil are compared with the results for the NACA 65(1)1-212 airfoil. Under similar conditions of operation, the NACA 65(1)-208 airfoil collects less water than the NACA 65(1)-212 airfoil. The extent of impingement on the upper surface of the NACA 65(1)-208 airfoil is much less than on the upper surface of the NACA 65(1)-212 airfoil, but on the lower surface the extents of impingement are about the same.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-2952
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation of forced-convection heat transfer and associated pressure drops was conducted with air flowing through electrically heated Inconel tubes having various degrees of square-thread-type roughness, an inside diameter of 1/2 inch, and a length of 24 inches. were obtained for tubes having conventional roughness ratios (height of thread/radius of tube) of 0 (smooth tube), 0.016, 0.025, and 0.037 over ranges of bulk Reynolds numbers up to 350,000, average inside-tube-wall temperatures up to 1950deg R, and heat-flux densities up to 115,000 Btu per hour per square foot. Data The experimental data showed that both heat transfer and friction increased with increase in surface roughness, becoming more pronounced with increase in Reynolds number; for a given roughness, both heat transfer and friction were also influenced by the tube wall-to-bulk temperature ratio. Good correlation of the heat-transfer data for all the tubes investigated was obtained by use of a modification of the conventional Nusselt correlation parameters wherein the mass velocity in the Reynolds number was replaced by the product of air density evaluated at the average film temperature and the so-called friction velocity; in addition, the physical properties of air were evaluated at the average film temperature. The isothermal friction data for the rough tubes, when plotted in the conventional manner, resulted in curves similar to those obtained by other investigators; that is, the curve for a given roughness breaks away from the Blasius line (representing turbulent flow in smooth tubes) at some value of Reynolds number, which decreases with increase in surface roughness, and then becomes a horizontal line (friction coefficient independent of Reynolds number). A comparison of the friction data for the rough tubes used herein indicated that the conventional roughness ratio is not an adequate measure of relative roughness for tubes having a square-thread-type element. The present data, as well as those of other investigators, were used to isolate the influence of ratios of thread height to width, thread spacing to width, and the conventional roughness ratio on the friction coefficient. A fair correlation of the friction data was obtained for each tube with heat addition when the friction coefficient and Reynolds number were defined on the basis of film properties; however, the data for each tube retained the curve characteristic of that particular roughness. The friction data for all the rough tubes could be represented by a single line for the complete turbulence region by incorporating a roughness parameter in the film correlation. No correlation was obtained for the region of incomplete turbulence.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E52D17 , E-2482
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Research was conducted to determine the effect of the electrode parameters of spacing, configuration, and material' on the energy required for ignition of a flowing propane-air mixture. In addition, the data were used to indicate the energy distribution along the spark length and to confirm previous observations concerning the effect of spark duration on ignition energy requirements. The data were obtained with a mixture at a fuel-air ratio of 0.0835 (by weight), a pressure of 3 inches of mercury absolute, a temperature of 80 F, and a mixture velocity of 5 feet per second. Results showed that the energy required for ignition decreased as the electrode spacing was increased; a minimum energy occurred at. a spacing of 0.65 inch for large electrodes. For small electrodes, the spacing for minimum energy was not sharply defined. Small-diameter electrodes required less energy than large-diameter electrodes if the spacing was less than the optimum distance of 0.65 inch; at a spacing equal to the optimum distance, no difference was noted. Significant effects of electrode material on ignition energy were ascribed to differences in the type of spark discharges produced; glow discharges required higher energy than the arc-glow discharges. With pure glow discharges, the ignition energy was substantially constant for lead, cadmium, brass, aluminum, and tungsten electrodes. A method is described for determining the energy distribution along a glow discharge. It was found that one-third to one-half of the energy in the spark was concentrated in a small region near the cathode electrode, and the remainder was uniformly distributed across the spark gap. It was impossible to ascertain the dependence of ignition on. this distribution. It was also observed that long-duration (600 microsec) sparks required much less energy for ignition than did short-duration (1 microsec) sparks.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E51J12 , E-2394
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E50I29A , REPT-2003
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E50I29A
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Tests of a 1/5 scale model of a proposed 153-foot high-speed submarine have been conducted in the Langley full-scale tunnel at the request of the Bureau of Ships, Department of the Navy. The test program included: (1) force tests to determine the drag, control effectiveness, and static stability characteristics for a number of model configurations, both in pitch and in yaw, (2) pressure measurements to determine the boundary-layer conditions and flow characteristics in the region of the propeller, and (3) an investigation of the effects of propeller operation on the model aerodynamic characteristics. In response to oral requests from the Bureau of Ships representatives t hat the basic data obtained in these tests be made available to them as rapidly as possible, this data report has been prepared to present some of the more pertinent results. All test results given in the present paper are for the propeller-removed condition and were obtained at a Reynolds number of approximately 22,300,000 based on model length.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL50E09a
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Transfer functions descriptive of the response of most engine variables were determined from transient data that were obtained from approximate step inputs in fuel flow and in exhaust-nozzle area. The speed responses of both spools to fuel flow and to turbine-inlet temperature appeared as identical first-order lags. Response to exhaust-nozzle area was characterized by a first-order lag response of the outer-spool speed, accompanied by virtually no change in inner-spool speed.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E54J11
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The static lateral- and directional-stability characteristics of a high-speed fighter-type airplane, obtained from wind-tunnel tests of a model, are presented. The model consisted of a thin, unswept wing of aspect ratio 2.3 and taper ratio 0.385, a body, and a horizontal tail mounted in a high position on a vertical tail. Rolling-moment, yawing moment, and cross-wind-force coefficients are presented for a range of sideslip angles of -5 deg. to +5 deg, for Mach numbers of 0.90, 1.45, and 1.90. Data are presented which show the effects on the lateral and directional stability of: (1) component parts of the complete model, (2) modification of the empennage so as to provide different heights of the horizontal tail above the wing plane, (3) angle of attack, and (4) dihedral of the wing.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SA54H26b
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Investigations were conducted of a 12 degree 21-inch conical diffuser of 2:l area ratio to determine the interrelation of boundary layer growth and performance characteristics. surveys were made of inlet and exit from, longitudinal static pressures were recorded, and velocity profiles were obtained through an inlet Reynolds number range, determined From mass flows and based on inlet diameter of 1.45 x 10(exp 6) to 7.45 x 10(exp 6) and a Mach number range of 0.11 to approximately choking. These investigations were made to two thicknesses of inlet boundary layer. The mean value, over the entire range of inlet velocities, of the displacement thickness of the thinner inlet boundary layer was approximately 0.035 inch and that of the thicker inlet boundary layer was approximately six times this value. The loss coefficient in the case of the thinner inlet boundary layer had a value between 2 to 3 percent of the inlet impact pressure over most of the air-flow range. The loss coefficient with the thicker inlet boundary layer was of the order of twice that of the thinner inlet boundary layer at low speeds and approximately three times at high speeds. In both cases the values were substantially less than those given in the literature for fully developed pipe flow. The static-pressure rise for the thinner inlet boundary layer was of the order of 95 percent of that theoretically possible over the entire speed range. For the thicker inlet boundary layer the static pressure rise, as a percentage of that theoretically possible, ranged from 82 percent at low speeds to 68 percent at high speeds.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L9H10
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Performance and boundary-layer data were taken in a 12 degree 10-inch inlet-diameter conical diffuser of 2:1 exit- to inlet-area ratio. These data were taken for two inlet-boundary-layer conditions. The first condition was that of a thinner inlet boundary later (boundary-layer displacement thickness, delta* approximately equal to 0.034) produced by an inlet section approximately 1 inlet diameter in length between the entrance bell and the diffuser. The second condition was a thicker inlet boundary layer (delta* approximately equal to 0.120) produced by an additional inlet section length of approximately 6 diameters. Longitudinal static-pressure distributions were measured fro wall static orifices. Transverse total- and static-pressure surveys were made at the inlet and exit stations. Boundary-layer velocity distributions were measured at seven stations between the inlet and exit. These data were obtained for a Reynolds number (based on inlet diameter) range of 1 x 10(exp 6) to 3.9 x 10(exp 6). The corresponding Mach number range was from M = 0.2 to choking. At the maximum-power-available condition supersonic flow was obtained as far as 4.5 inches downstream from the diffuser inlet with a maximum Mach number of M approximately equal to 1.5. The total-pressure loss through the diffuser in percentage of inlet dynamic pressure was approximately 2.5 percent for the thinner inlet boundary later and 5.5 percent for the thicker inlet boundary later over the lower subsonic range. These valued increased with increasing flow rate- the values for the thicker inlet boundary later more than those for the thinner inlet boundary layer. The diffuser effectiveness, expressed as the ratio of the actual static-pressure rise to the ideal static-pressure rise, was about 85 percent for the thinner inlet boundary layer and about 67 percent for the thicker inlet boundary later in the lower subsonic range. These values decrease with increasing flow rate. Separated flow was observed for both inlet-boundary-layer conditions in the region of adverse pressure gradient just downstream of the transition curvature from inlet section to diffuser. The flow for the thinner-inlet-boundary-layer condition did not fully re-establish itself along the diffuser walls. The thicker inlet-boundary-layer flow, while not completely re-establishing the normal flow pattern downstream of the separated region, did re-establish more successfully than the thinner inlet boundary layer.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L50C02a
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  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This document presents equations for the two-dimensional stationary problem of gas dynamics, and uses them to derive other equations, including equations for vorticity.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1260 , Prikladnaya Matematika I Mekhanica; 11; 193-198
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  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The vortices forming in flowing water behind solid bodies are not represented correctly by the solution of the potential theory nor by Helmholtz's jets. Potential theory is unable to satisfy the condition that the water adheres at the wetted bodies, and its solutions of the fundamental hydrodynamic equations are at variance with the observation that the flow separates from the body at a certain point and sends forth a highly turbulent boundary layer into the free flow. Helmholtz's theory attempts to imitate the latter effect in such a way that it joins two potential flows, jet and still water, nonanalytical along a stream curve. The admissibility of this method is based on the fact that, at zero pressure, which is to prevail at the cited stream curve, the connection of the fluid, and with it the effect of adjacent parts on each other, is canceled. In reality, however, the pressure at these boundaries is definitely not zero, but can even be varied arbitrarily. Besides, Helmholtz's theory with its potential flows does not satisfy the condition of adherence nor explain the origin of the vortices, for in all of these problems, the friction must be taken into account on principle, according to the vortex theorem.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1256 , Zeitschrift fuer Mathematik und Physik; 56; 1; 1-37
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The use of the linearized equations of Chaplygin to calculate the subsonic flow of a gas permits solving the problem of the flow about a wing profile for absence and presence of circulation. The solution is obtained in a practical convenient form that permits finding all the required magnitudes for the gas flow (lift, lift moment velocity distribution over the profile, and critical Mach number). This solution is not expressed in simple closed form; for a certain simplifying assumption, however, the equations of Chaplygin can be reduced to equations with constant coefficients, and solutions are obtained by using only the mathematical apparatus of the theory of functions of a complex variable. The method for simplifying the equations was pointed out by Chaplygin himself. These applied similar equations to the solution of the flow problem and obtained a solution for the case of the absence of circulation.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1250 , Prikladnaya Matematika I Mekhanika; 11; 1; 105-118
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In the flow about a body with large subsonic velocity if the velocity of the approaching flow is sufficiently large, regions of local supersonic velocities are formed about the body. It is known from experiment that these regions downstream of the flow are always bounded by shock waves; a continuous transition of the supersonic velocity to the subsonic under the conditions indicated has never been observed. A similar phenomenon occurs in pipes. If at two cross sections of the pipe the velocity is subsonic and between these sections regions of local supersonic velocity are formed without completely occupying a single cross section, these regions are always bounded by shock waves.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1251 , Prikladnaya Matematika I Mekhanika; 11; 190-202
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: The two-dimensional motion of an incompressible fluid about a closed contour with a definite velocity in magnitude and direction at infinity is considered. If, without changing the direction of the velocity at infinity, the magnitude is increased, the configuration of the streamlines remains unchanged and only the numbering of the stream function changes. There exists only one family of curves that can serve as streamlines in the incompressible flow about a given contour (at a given angle of attack); for example, the contour of an airplane wing. The case is quite different with a compressible fluid.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1252 , Izvestia Akademii Nauk, SSSR, No. 3; 153-259; Rept-3
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The performance of a 16-stage axial-flow compressor, in which the mean-radius solidity was reduced from 1.28 to 1.02 in the fourteenth through sixteenth stage rotors was determined. The performance of this modification was compared with that of the compressor with original rotors. The reduced solidity resulted in slightly improved performance.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-E52D22
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation to determine the steady-state and surge characteristics of the J57-P-1 two-spool turbojet engine with various inlet air-flow distortions was conducted in the altitude wind tunnel at the NACA Lewis laboratory. Along with a uniform inlet total-pressure distribution, one circumferential and three radial pressure distortions were investigated. Data were obtained over a complete range of compressor speeds both with and without intercompressor air bleed at a flight Mach number of 0.8 and at altitudes of 35,000 and 50,000 feet. Total-pressure distortions of the magnitudes investigated had very little effect on the steady-state operating line for either the outer or inner compressor. The small radial distortions investigated also had engine over that obtained with the uniform inlet pressure distribution. The circumferential distortion, however, raised the minimum speed at which the engine could operate without encountering surge when the intercompressor bleeds were closed. This increase in minimum speed resulted in a substantial reduction in the operable speed range accompanied by a reduction in the altitude operating limit.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SE54K19
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The performance and operational characteristics of the J71-A2 turbojet-engine afterburner were investigated for a range of altitudes from 23,000 to 60,000 feet at a flight Mach number of 0,9 and at flight Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.0 at an altitude of 45,000 feet. The combustion performance and altitude operational limits, as well as the altitude starting characteristics have been determined.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SE54J06
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The Committee was requested to investigate the effect of various types of rivet heads on hydrodynamic resistance. The proposal was made to obtain the resistance of the various types of rivets by tests of planing surfaces on which the full size rivets would be arranged. The testing methods, results and conclusions are given.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-37
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Surge characteristics of the XJ34-WE-32 turbojet engine were determined over a range of altitudes. Several typical oscillograph traces during which surge occurred are presented. The effect of altitude on the surge line and it's relation to the steady-state operating region are shown.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RME51J02
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An investigation of the nature of the flow field behind a rectangular circular-arc wing has been conducted in the Langley 9-inch supersonic tunnel. Pitot- and static-pressure surveys covering a region of flow behind the wing have been made together with detailed pitot surveys throughout the region of the wake. In addition, the flow direction has been measured using a weathercocking vane measurements. Theoretical calculations of the variation of both downwash and sidewash with angle of attack using Lagerstrom's superposition method have been made. In addition the effect of the wing thickness on the sidewash with the wing at 0 angle of attack has been evaluated. Near an angle of attack of 0, agreement between theory and experiment is good, particularly for the downwash results, except in the plane of the wing, inboard of the tip. In this region the proximity of the shed vortex sheet and the departure of the spanwise distribution of vorticity from theory would account for the disagreement. At higher angles of attack prediction of downwash depends on a knowledge of the location of the trailing vortex sheet, in order that the downwash may be corrected for its displacement and distortion. The theoretical location of the trailing vortex sheet, based on the theoretical downwash values integrated downstream from the wing trailing edge, is shown to differ widely from the experimental case. The rolling-up of the trailing vortex sheet behind the wing tip is evidenced by both the wake surveys and the flow-angle measurements.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L50G12 , NACA Rept 1340
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The first four stages were found to cause a major part of the poor low-speed efficiency of this compressor. The low design-speed over-all pressure ratio at surge was caused by the first and the twelfth to fifteenth stages. The multiple over-all performance curves in the intermediate-speed range were at least partly the result of double-branched characteristic curves for the third and seventh stages.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SE54J19
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: The drag and the power cost associated with the changing of the nose of a nacelle from a streamline shape to a conventional N.A.C.A. cowling shape was investigated in the N.A.C.A. 20-foot tunnel. Full-scale propellers and nacelles were used. The increment of drag associated with the change of nose shapes was found to be critically dependent on the afterbody of the nacelle. Two streamline afterbodies were tested. The results fo the tests with the more streamlined afterbody showed that the added drag due to the open-nose cowling was only one-fourth of the drag increase obtained with the other afterbody. The results of this research indicate that the power cost, in excess of that with a streamline nose, of using an N.A.C.A. cowling in front of a well-designed afterbody to enclose a 1,500-horsepower engine in an airplane with a speed of 300 miles per hour amounts to 1.5 percent of the engine power. If the open-nose cowling is credited with 1 percent because it cools the front of the cylinders, the non-useful power cost amounts to only 0.5 percent of the engine power.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-136
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The present status of available information relative to the prediction of shock-induced boundary-layer separation is discussed. Experimental results showing the effects of Reynolds number and Mach number on the separation of both laminar and turbulent boundary layer are given and compared with available methods for predicting separation. The flow phenomena associated with separation caused by forward-facing steps, wedges, and incident shock waves are discussed. Applications of the flat-plate data to problems of separation on spoilers, diffusers, and scoop inlets are indicated for turbulent boundary layers.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L53I16a
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Profile-drag coefficients published from tests in the N.A.C.A. variable-density tunnel (Technical Reports Nos. 460, 537, 586, and 610, references 1 to 4) have tended to appear high as compared with results from the N.A.C.A. full-scale tunnel (Technical Report No. 530, reference 5) and from foreign sources (references 6 to 8). Such discrepancies were considered in Technical Report No. 586, and corrections for turbulence and tip effects were derived that tended to reduce the profile-drag coefficients, particularly for the thicker airfoils. The corrected profile-drag coefficients, designated by the lower-case symbol cdo as contrasted with the older CDO, have been employed in the airfoil reports published since Technical Report No. 460, but even these corrected results continued to appear high, particularly for the thicker sections. The important practical result is that a smaller increase of drag with airfoil thickness is indicated, which may be of primary importance to the airplane designer in choosing the optimum airfoil sections for actual wings. Further investigations of this subject were, of course, undertaken, one of the most important being an investigation of three symmetrical sections N.A.C A. 0009, 0012, and 0018 under conditions of low turbulence in the full-scale tunnel. Preliminary results from this investigation also indicate a smaller increase in drag with airfoil thickness than the results from the variable-density tunnel. Furthermore, comparative tests made in the two tunnels by applying strings to the surface of the N.A.C.A. 0012 airfoil to move the transition point to a predetermined position indicated that the effective reynolds Number concept would account approximately for the drag as affected by the position of transition from laminar to turbulent flow in the boundary layer.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NACA-SR-83
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: The theory of Taylor and Maccoll (Ref,1) gives the surface pressure on an infinite cone in supersonic flow as a function of the cone vertex angle and the free stream Mach number and static pressure for a gas of vanishing viscosity. When a slender conical probe is used together with an impact pressure probe to determine the static pressure and Mach number in a low density gas stream, it is desirable to have some theoretical estimate of the effect of viscous boundary layer on the probe readings. Theoretical and experimental results with respect to impact probes have been presented in Refs. 5 and 6. A simple approximation for a conical probe based on linearized supersonic flow and compressible boundary layer theory is presented here.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: HE-150-80
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