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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,720)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1965-1969  (1,720)
  • 1968  (1,720)
Collection
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1965-1969  (1,720)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1074-1076 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 836-836 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A study of corrosion effects produced by sodium on metals of the 4th and 5th subgroupsThe action of liquid sodium on Ti, Zr, V and Nb involves exchange of oxygen from the liquid to te solid metal phase; because of the high energy of formation of the oxides of these metals Na2O contents below 10 ppm are sufficient for initiating this reaction. The oxygen is taken up by te metal matrix directly, without formation of an oxide layer; oxygen take-up is always connected with embrittlement. In many cases oxygen becomes enriched in teh surface zone of the metal; in such cases several discrete layers are formed which have poor adhesion and different structure. Oxygen concentration can be assessed by microardness measurements.
    Notes: Der Angriff von flüssigem Na auf Ti, Zr, V und Nb erfolgt über einen Austasch von Sauerstoff von der flüssigen zur metallischen festen Phase; wegen der hohen Bildungsenergie der Oxide dieser Metalle genügen schon Na2O-Gehalte von weniger als 10 ppm für die Auslösung der Reaktion. Der Sauerstoff wird direkt in die Matrix der Metalle eigebaut, ohne daß eine Oxidschicht entsteht; die Aufnahme von Sauerstoff ist immer mit Versprödung verbunden. In vielen Fällen reichert sich der Sauerstoff in der Randzone des Metalls an, wobei mehrere Schichten unterschiedlicher Struktur und schlechter Haftung entstehen. Die Sauerstoffkonzentration läßt sich mittels Mikrohärtemssungen bestimmen.
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  • 4
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 895-900 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pitting and contact corrosion in magnesium-canned fuel rodsWhen nuclear fuel elements  -  containing Mg, graphite and Zircaloy  -  are stored in water there is the danger of contact corrosion of Mg in contact wit graphite; in partcular when cholorides are present (even in traces) there exists the danger of pitting corrosion. Only at pH values 〉 11,5 a bydroxide layer is formed which yields a certain protection. The pitting potential in alkaline waters is shifted to more negative values with incrasing chloride contents; this displacement can be prevented by inhiitors. Most efficient is the addition of sodium carbonate which gives rise to the formation of a protective hydromagnesite layer.
    Notes: Bei Lagerung verbrauchter Brennstoffelemente  -  Werkstoffe Mg, Graphit, Zircaloy  -  in Wasser besteht die Gefahr der Kontaktkorrosion von Mg bei Kontakt mit Graphit; besonders bei Anwesenheit von Chloriden besteht Lochfraßgefahr. Erst bei pH Werten 〉 11,5 entsteht eine Hydroxidschicht, die einen gewissen Schutz bewirkt. Das Lochfraßpotential im alkalischen Wasser verschiebt sich mit zunehmendem Chloridgebalt stark in den Bereich negativer Werte, was durch Inhibitoren verhindert werden kann. Am günstigsten ist Zusatz von Natriumcarbonat, das zur Bildung eines Schutzfilms aus Hydromagnesit führt.
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  • 5
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 910-912 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. XXXIV 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 950-956 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: EllipsometryEllipsometry, i.e. measuring the thickness of thin films has been applied increasingly to corrosion research in recent years. The author describes the principle of the method as well as the measuring setup and gives some examples concerning the application to the corrosion field, particularly in connection with the formation of passive layers. It is shown that the optical properties of such thin films depend from the nature of these films as well as from the conditions of formation. Up to now, however, one has not succeeded in quantitatively interpreting the changes of optical film properties as a function of film composition and consequently, the composition of the attacking medium. It is important in this context that the layers formed during corrosion are dielectrics and that the electromagnetic behaviour is strongly influenced by lattice defects. The application of the method is expanded by chronoellipsometry involving the simultaneous measurement of the changes of electrical and optical properties during an electrochemical reaction.
    Notes: Die Ellipsometrie, das heißt die Messung der Dicke von dünnen Filmen, ist in den letzten Jahren zunehmend zu Korrosionsuntersuchungen eingesetzt worden. Deu Verfasser beschreibt die Grundlagen der Methode sowie den Aufbau der Meßeinrichtungen und gibt Beispiele für die Anwendung auf dem Korrosionsgebiet, besonders in Zusammenhang mit der Bildung von Passivschichten. Es wird gezeigt, daß die optischen Eigenschaften derartiger dünner Filme sowohl von der Art der Filme als auch von den Entstehungsbedingungen stark abhängen. Bisher ist es jedoch noch nicht gelungen, die änderungen der optischen Filmeigenschaften quantitativ in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung des Films und damit der Zusammensetzung des einwirkenden Mediums zu deuten. Eine Rolle spielt hierbei auch die Tatsache, daß die bei Korrosion entstehenden Deckschichten Dielektrika sind und daß Gitterfehler das elektromagnetische Verhalten stark beeinflussen. Eine Erweiterung der Methode bildet die Chronoellipsometrie, bei welcher die bei einer elektrochemischen Reaktion auftretenden Veränderungen elektrischer und optischer Eigenschaften gleichzeitig gemessen werden.
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  • 9
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 961-966 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Change in physical properties of materials due to corrosion and its measurementsCorrosion reactions are generally reactions at the phase boundary and do not have a bearing on material properties. Exceptions are those cases in which certain media - e. g. hydrogen - penetrate into the bulk of the metal. For measuring the gas quantities taken up different physicochemical methods are in use. Hydrogen e.g. is extracted by hot or annealing extraction; it can also be determined through changes of electrical conductivity, lattice constants, hydrogen flux (electrochemical membrane methode) oder through the damping of free torsional vibrations. Information concerning the effects due to gas take-up is obtained by the methods of mechanical materials testing, metallography (type of cracks) or fractography. As to the effect of high pressure hydrogen an overall picture is obtained by metallography (determination of nitrides, carbides etc.) or by electron microscopy. The methods cited above constitute precious acids in failure diagnosis.
    Notes: Korrosionsreaktionen sind im allgemeinen Phasengrenzreaktionen, welche die Werkstoffeigenschaften nicht beeinflussen. Ausnahmen liegen lediglich dann vor, wenn bestimmte Medien - z. B. Wasserstoff - in das Innere des Metalls eindringen. Zur Messung der aufgenommenen Stoffmengen verwendet man verschiedene physikalisch-chemische Verfahren. Wasserstoff wird extrahiert durch Heißextraktion oder Glühextraktion; er kann auch über Messung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit, der Gitterkonstanten, des Wasserstoff-Flusses (elektrochemische Membranverfahren) oder über die Dämpfung freier Torsionsschwingungen bestimmt werden. Über die Auswirkungen der Gasaufnahme liefern die Methoden der mechanischen Werkstoffprüfung, die Metallographie (Rißverlauf) und die Fraktographie Informationen. Über die Wirkung von Druckwasserstoff vermitteln die metallographische Gefügeuntersuchung (Bestimmung von Nitriden, Carbiden usw.) sowie die Elektronenmikroskopie ein Bild. Die genannten Methoden sind auch wertvolle Hilfsmittel bei der Aufklärung von Schadensfällen.
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  • 10
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 989-996 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1017-1017 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 12
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. XXXIX 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1032-1042 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of brass in ammonium chloride solutionsThe corrosion behaviour of brass (Cu77Zn21A/2, with and without addition of As) has been investigated in 0.01 to 1 M ammonium chloride solution of PH 4 and 2, and in solutions 1 M in chloride ion, with variable Na+ and NH+4 concentrations (total concentration 1 M in each case), at pH 4 and 2. While arsenium-free brass was attacked by dezincification in most cases, intercrystalline corrosion was found on As-containing brass. The latter type of corrosion is found already at As contents as low as 0.01%. In a medium 1 M in chloride ion intercrystalline corrosion is found at PH 2, irrespective of the ammonium ion concentration, while at PH 4 intercrystalline corrosion is found only at higher ammonium ion concentrations (practically 1 M).The intercrystalline corrosion was found to be due to the segregation of Zn and As respectively at the grain boundaries and to the influence of As on the stability of the CuCl-2 formed by the anodic reaction. The influence of the solution composition on the progress in time of the intercrystalline corrosion is explained.
    Notes: Es wurde das Korrosionsverhalten von Messing der Type Cu77ZnZlA12, mit und ohne Arsen, in 0,01 bis 1 m NH4Cl-Lötsungen von PH 4 und 2 sowie in 1 M Cl--Lösungen mit veränderlicher Na+-und N+4-Konzentration (Gesarntkonzentration jeweils 1 m) bei PH 2 und 4 untersucht. Während arsenfreies Messing in den meisten Fällen entzinkt wurde, trat bei dem arsenhaltigen Messing in den moisten Fällen interkristalline Korrosion ein. Die interkristalline Korrosion wird bereits bei einem Gehalt von 0,01% As hervorgerufen. In einem Medium mit 1 m C1- findet bei PH 2 interkristalline Korrosion unabhängig vom Gehalt an Ammoniumionen statt, während bei PH 4 die interkristalline Korrosion erst bei höheren NH+4- Ionen-Konzentration, praktisch Lei 1 m, auftritt.Als Ursache der interkristallinen Korrosion wurden die Ausscheidung von Zink bzw. Arsen an den Korngrenzen sowie der Einfluß des Arsens auf die Stabilität des durch die anodische Reaktion entstehendenden CuCl-2 ermittelt. Der Einfluß der Zusammensetzung der Lösung auf den zeitlichen Verlauf der interkristallinen Korrosion wird erklärt.
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  • 14
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1066-1069 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 15
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1077-1077 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 458-458 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 459-461 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 471-472 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 19
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 498-503 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of fluctuating stresses on the progress of intercrystalline stress corrosion cracking of slightly alloyed steelsBecause of the extensive testing programme required, the results of the investigations here reported should be regarded as provisional and should preferably be supplemented by further verifications. Even so, the following conclusions can be drawn: -A slightly alloyed steel resistant to intercrystalline stress corrosion cracking under static stresses will not lose its resistance to CaNO3 solution even when subjected to fluctuating stresses ranging from 0.7 to 0.9 σB.In the case of the steel prone to stress corrosion cracking, the service life was likewise not affected by a stress fluctuating around a mean value. Nor was it possible to observe any correlation with frequency. The cracking was found to originate at the smallest cross-section and, in the conical part, also at points where the stresses were up to 3-4 kp/mm2 lower.Notched and welded specimens of the resistant steel were found to have a long service life under static stress.In contrast, welded specimens subjected to fluctuating stresses failed comparatively early. Cracking occurred in the proximity of the weld and is likely to be due not so much to internal stresses but to the changes in the grain structure caused by the welding heat. Heat treatment within the range of 600 to 700° C was found to result in slight improvements only. It was only through annealing at high temperature (800° C) that it became possible to regenerate the welded specimens.
    Notes: Die mitgeteilten Untersuchungen mußten wegen des erforderlichen großen Prüfaufwandes ein Ansatz bleiben und sind zweckmäßig noch durch Kontrollen zu ergänzen. Trotzdem kann man folgende Schlüsse ziehen:Ein gegen interkristalline Spannungsrißkorrosion unter statischen Beanspruchungen beständiger, schwach legierter Stahl verliert seine Beständigkeit gegen CaNO3-Lösung auch bei schwingender Beanspruchung zwischen 0,7 und 0,9 σB nicht.Bei dem für Spannungsrißkorrosion anfälligen Stahl wurde ebenfalls die Lebensdauer durch eine um einen Mittelwert pendelnde Beanspruchung nicht beeinflußt. Desgleichen war eine Frequenzabhängigkeit nicht zu beobachten. Die Rißbildung setzte im kleinsten Querschnitt und im konischen Teil auch an Stellen ein, die eine bis zu 3 bis 4 kp/mm2 niedrigere Spannung aufwiesen.Gekerbte und geschweißte Proben des beständigen Stahles ergaben bei statischer Belastung eine hohe Lebensdauer.Bei der schwingenden Beanspruchung geschweißter Proben trat hingegen verhältnismäßig früh ein Bruch auf. Die Risse entstanden in der Nähe der Schweißnaht und dürften weniger auf die Eigenspannungen als auf die Veränderung des Korngefüges durch die Schweißwärme zurückzuführen sein. Durch eine Wärmebehandlung zwischen 600 und 700° C war zunächst nur eine geringe Verbesserung zu erzielen. Erst durch eine Glühung bei hoher Temperatur (800° C) konnten die geschweißten Proben regeneriert werden.
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  • 20
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 511-517 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 609-628 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 23
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 721-730 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 25
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 756-761 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Method for testing inhibitors of chloride corrosion on unalloyed steelAn accelerated test for screening pitting inhibitors for steel fuel oil tanks. Time-potential curves for assessing the stable rest potential yield no reliable information as to the efficiency of inhibitor additions of various concentrations. Depending on inhibitor concentration a steep increase of current associated with pitting is observed at certain distances from the rest potential. The potentiostatic measurement of the break-down potential of chloride ions yields very accurate results but is very time consuming; this is why cinetic polarisation tests (2 mV/min) have been made. According to the results obtained the steel is protected against pitting only when polarisation can be continued to the point of oxygen evolution without a break-through of chloride ions. The test duration is only one day as compared to 3-5 months with normal immersion tests.
    Notes: Schnellversuch zur Prüfung eines Inhibitors gegen Lochfraß in stählernen Heizöltanks. Zeit/Potentialkurven zur Ermittlung des stabilen Ruhepotentials geben keine sichere Auskunft über die Wirkung verschieden starker Inhibitorzusätze. Je nach Inhibitordosierung tritt in gewissen Abständen vom Ruhepotential ein steiler, mit Lochfraß verbundener Stromanstieg auf. Die potentiostatische Messung des Durchbruchpotentials der Cl-Ionen ist zwar exakt, aber sehr zeitraubend, weshalb Versuche mit kinetischer Polarisation (2 mV/min) gemacht wurden. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse ist der Stahl nur dann gegen Lochfraß geschützt, wenn die Polarisation bis zur Sauerstoffentwicklung getrieben werden kann, ohne daß es zum Durchbruch von Chlorionen kommt. Die Versuchsdauer beträgt hierbei nur einen Tag, im Gegensatz zu 3 bis 5 onaten bei Standversuchen.
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  • 26
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 769-772 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Current density-potential measurements on stainless steels in active mediaIn order to elucidate the susceptibility to selective corrosion of weld seams in stainless steels potentio-kinetic current density-potential measurements have been made. When the polarisation curve for the weld seam is more anodic in the vicinity of the rest potential than the curve corresponding to the base material the weld seam is selectively attacked; when, however, the weld seam is moer cathodic than the base metal there is almost no corrosion in the adjacent areas because of the large area ratio (large anode, small cathode). It is only in extreme cases (very high potential difference between cathodic weld seam and anodic plate) that local corrosion is found in the base metal. Tests with Hastelloy B in 20% hydrochloric acid show that this material cannot be welded successfully with identical material; it might, however, be feasible to weld it with cathodically alloyed weld fillers (alloyed with Pt or Pd).
    Notes: Zur Klärung der selektiven Korrosions-anfälligkeit von Schweißnähten in nicht-rostendem Stahl wurden potentiokinetische Stromdichte/Spanungsmessungen durchgeführt. Ist die Polarisationskurve für die Schweißnaht in der Nähe des Ruhepotentials anodischer als die Kurve für den Grundwerkstoff, so wird die Schweißnaht selektiv angegriffen; ist hingegen die Schweißnaht gegenüber dem Grundmetall kathodisch, so kommt es wegen des Flächenverhältnisses (große Anode, kleine Kathode) kaum zu Korrosion im Blech. Lediglich in Extremfällen (sehr hober Potentialunterschied zwischen kathodischer Schweißnaht und anodischem Blech) kommt es zu örtlicher Korrosion im Grundwerkstoff. Die Versuche mit Hastelloy in 20%iger Salzsäure zeigen, daß dieser Werkstoff nicht artgleich geschweißt werden darf; eine Möglichkeit hierfür können jedoch vielleicht kathodisch legierte (mit Pt oder Pd) Schweißzusatzwerkostffe darstellen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 805-808 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 825-831 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 816-824 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 834-834 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 845-848 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Connections between polarization resistance and corrosion rate of metalsThe validity of a simplified relation between measured polarization resistance and corrosion rte o some metals has been empirrically evaluated. In the relation K = c. Rkp (c, k = constants, Rp = polarization resistance, K = corrosion rate) the constants are satisfactiorily equal for steel, Cu Zn, Ag in there active states. However, the proposed alternating current method is suitable principally for technical measurement because the experimental error is ± 15%. One main application might be corrosion monitoring over extended periods of time; in such cases low frequencies (0, 25  -  1 Hz) are useful.
    Notes: Die Gültigkeit einer vereinfachten Beziehung zwischen gemessenem Polarisationswiderstand und Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit einiger Metalle wurde empirisch geprüft. In der Beziehung K = c. RKp (c, k = Konstante, Rp = Polarisationswiderstand, K = Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit) sind die Konstanten für Stahl, Cu, Zn, Ag im aktiven Zustand befriedigend gleich. Allerdings eignet sich die verwendete Wechselstrommethode vorwiegend für technische Messungen, da die Abweichungen ± 15% betragen. Die Methode eignet sich vor allem für Korrosionsüberwachung über Längere Zeiträume, wobei niedrige Frequenzen (0, 25 bis 1 Hz) von Vorteil sind.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 848-854 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The electron microscope as a tool in corrosion researchThe author explains possibiliies and limitations of the individual electron-optical methods of investigation, manely electron diffraction of corrosion products on he specimen, investigation of mechanically isolated corrosion products, direct irradiation of thin laers, and preparation of surface replicas. The interpretation of te electron microphotos is made difficult by certain factors, namely specimen alternation during preparation specimen deterioration by the electron beam, and mistakes connected with the replica method used. Potential and limitations of the technique are explained on the following examples: oxidation of pure iron, corrosion of Zn in bcarbonate solution and passivation of lead in concentrated sulfuric acid.
    Notes: Der Verfasser erläutert die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der einzelnen elektronenoptischen Untersuchungsmethoden, nämlich Elektronenbeugung der Korrosionsprodukte auf der Probe, Untersuchung der Mechanisch abgelösten Korrosionsprodukte, direkte Durchstrahlung dünner Schichten und Herstellung von Oberflächenabdrucken. Die Deutung der elektronenmikroskopischen Bilder wird durch einige Faktoren erschwert, nämlich Veränderung der Probe während des Präparierens, Schädigung des Präparates durch den Elektronenstrahl und Fehler der Abdruckmethode. Die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Technik werden am Beispiel der Oxydation von Reineisen, der Korrosion von Zink in Bicarbonatlösungen und der Passivierung von Blei in konzentrierter Schwefelsäure erläutert.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Potential testing metods for corrosion-induced changes of teh mechanical propeties of materialsThe well-known methods of strength testing enable relations to be established between corrosion and mechanical strength. The influence of a defined orrosion (defined corrosion system and conditions) on tensile strangth, notch-toughness, alternate bending srangth and Vickers hardness is presented with differet veriales being used as the parameters in each corrosive system. Testing the strength behaviour under conditions of corrosion with simultaneous mechanical stresses is made in concentrtion with corrosion fatigue, sress corrosion cracking and creep testing.
    Notes: Die bekannten Methoden der Festigkeitsprüfung ermöglichen die Feststellung von Beziehungen zwischen Korrosion und Festigkeit. Der Einfluß einer definierten Korrosion (bestimmtes Korrosionssystem und bestimmte Bedingungen) auf Zugfestigkeit, Schlagzähigkeit, Biegewechselfestigkeit und Vickers-Härte wird dargestellt, wobei für jedes Korrosionssystem verschiedene korrosionsgrößen als Parameter dienen. Die Prüfung des Festigkeitsverhaltnens bei Korrosion unter gleichzeitiger mechanischer Beanspruchung erfolgt im Rahmen der Untersuchung der Schwingungsrißkorrosion, Spanungsrißkorrosion und des Zeitstandverhaltnes.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 923-925 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 932-932 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 933-937 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Information yielded the relaxation methodThe high temperature oxidation of metals with formation of a covering oxide layer can be measured by isotope exchange and, experimentally in a more simple way, by relaxation measurements. The latter method is suitable in particular in those cases where electrical conductivity changes with oxide composition and where this composition is known as a function of the surrounding gas atmosphere. Experiments concerning the oxidation of Fe in CO2 + CO and H2O + H2, and of Cu and Ni in O2 + N2 confirm the results of isotope exchange experiments.
    Notes: Bei der Hochtemperaturoxydation von Metallen unter Bildung einer deckenden Oxidschicht kann neben der Austauschmessung mit Isotopen auch die experimentell einfachere Relaxationsmessung verwendet werden. Diese Methode eignet sich für die Fälle, bei denen sich die elektrische Leitfähigkeit mit der Zusammensetzung des Oxids ändert und die Zusammensetzung als Funktion der Gasatmosphäre bekannt ist. Versuche mit der Oxydation von Fe in CO2 + CO und H2O + H2, sowie Cu und Ni in O2 + N2 bestätigen die Ergebnisse von Austauschversuchen mit Isotopen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 137-140 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 246-266 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 276-279 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 269-274 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 285-285 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 298-301 
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    Description / Table of Contents: A diagnosis of the corrosion resistance of CrNi and CrNiMo steels in citric acidThe electrochemical behaviour yields criteria concerning the corrosion reside stance in citric mid (5, 25, 50 und 90%). In pure acid there is no active dissolution, while in the presence of sulfates or chlorides active and transpassive regions are found. The stability of the polarization current, observed in the vicinity of its zero value, yields criteria concerning the stability of the passive state in a given range. The corrosion losses measured in citric acid (24%/100°C or 90%/60°C), with sulfate (0.3 and 1.2%) and chloride ions (0.014 and 0.031%) are as follows (mmly): Cr18Ni9 1.7; Cr18Ni9Mo2 0.3; Cr18Ni10Mo2Ti 0.03; Cr21Ni38 Mo5Ti 0.009.
    Notes: Das elektrochemische Verhalten liefert Kriterien für die Korrosionsbeständigkeit in Citronensäure (5,25, 50 und 90%). In der reinen Säure findet keine aktive Auflösung statt, während bei Anwesenheit von Sulfaten oder Chloriden aktive und transpassive Bereiche auftreten. Die Stabilität des Polarisationsstromes in der Nähe seines Nullwertes ermöglicht Aussagen über die Stabilität des passiven Zustandes in einem gegebenen Bereich. Die Korrosionsverluste in Citronensäure (25%/100°C oder 90%/600°C) mit Sulfationen (0,3 und 1,2%) und Chloridionen (0,014 und 0,031%) betranen (mml Jahr): Cr18Ni9 1,7; Cr18Ni9Mo2 0,3; Cr18Ni10Mo2Ti 0.03; Cr21Ni38Mo5Ti 0,009.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 360-366 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 457-457 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 469-471 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Internal cathodic protection of salt water pipelines with the aid of platinized titanium anodesIn petroleum production heavy corrosion occurs in the salt water injecting or flooding pipelines. This corrosion can be eliminated either with the aid of a passive protection (protective coating) or, better, by means of an active protection, i.e. cathodic protection with impressed current. While short pipelines can be protected economically with rod anodes, a continuous, partially platinized titanium wire anode has proven must successful for long pipelines. Particular attention must be devoted to the problem of the current feed. The current density required for the protection of bare pipeline surfaces is in the order of 150 mA/sq.m. It can be considerably reduced by combining the active protection with a passive protection by a coating. In connection with the problem of a suitable reference electrode for measuring the protective potential in high pressure pipelines, experiments have been carried out to determine the protective current requirements in a stagnant and a flowing electrolyte respectively. Finally the question of the economy of the process is shortly discussed.
    Notes: Bei der Erdölförderung treten in Salzwassereinpreß- und --flutungsleitungen starke Korrosionen auf. Dieser Korrosion kann man mit einem passiven Schutz (durch Aufbringen eines Schutzanstriches) oder besser mit einem aktiven Schutz, dem kathodischen Korrosionsschutz mit. Fremdstrom, begegnen. Während in kurzen Rohrleitungen einzelne Stabanoden eingesetzt werden können, hat sich bei langen Rohrleitungen eine partiell platinierte Titandrahtanode bewährt. Dabei ist der Stromeinspeisung besondere Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken. Bei blanker Rohroberfläche liegt der Schutzstrombedarf bei 150 mA/m2. Er kann durch Kombinieren des aktiven Schutzes mit einem passiven Schutz (Anstrich) stark reduziert werden. Im Zusammenhang mit dem Problem einer geeigneten Referenzelektrode für die Schutzpotentialmessung in Druckrohrleitungen wurde versucht, den Schutzstrombedarf bei ruhendem und fließendem Elektrolyten festzustellen. Zum Abschluß wird auf Fragen der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens eingegangen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 523-533 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 716-718 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 735-735 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. XXVI 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 811-815 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 832-833 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 834-835 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1026-1031 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The corrosion of refractory ceramic materials in the plasma of combustion gasesThe paper describes the testing of the corrosion resistance of refractory ceramics based on Al2O2, MgO and ZrO2, as well as of phosphate cements, in flowing ionized gases as are present in the cornbustion products of conventional combustibles. A qualitative interpretation of the corrosion phenomena has been obtained experimentally using known test conditions and available thermodynamic and chechemical data.
    Notes: Die Arbeit beschreibt die Prufung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit feuerfester keramischer Werkstoffe auf der Basis von Al2,O3, MgO und ZrO2 sowie feuerfester phosphatitte in strömenden, ionisierten Gasen, die in den Verbrennungsprodukten konventioneller Brennstoffe vorhanden sind. Eine qualitative Erklärung der Korrosionserscheinungen wurde rnit Hilfe von bekannten Prüfungsbedingungen und verfügbaren thermodynamischen und chemischen Angaben experimentell ermittelt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1063-1065 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 834-834 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. XLI 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 837-844 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermogravimetric method for investigating the solid/gas and melt/gas equilibria in sulphate systems of corrosion-chemical importanceThe authors describe a micro-thermogravimetric method which permits the determination of the phase zones of sulphate systems as a function of temperature and of the SO3-partial pressure. At the Me2SO4—SO3 (Me = Na, K) system, the existence limits of the bi-variant melt and the mono-variant equilibria Me2SO4(solid)-melt and Me2SO4(solid)-Me2S2O7(solid) are determined. Water vapour is dissolved in the melt phases investigated because the existence limits of the latter are modified by the vapour.
    Notes: Es wird eine mikro-thermogravimetrische Methode beschrieben, welche gestattet, die Phasenfelder von Sulfatsystemen als Funktion der Temperatur und des SO3-Partialdrucks zu ermitteln. Am System Me2SO4—SO3 (Me = Na, K) werden die Existenzgrenzen der bivarianten Schmelze und die monovarianten Gleichgewichte Me 2SO4 (fest)-Schmelze und Me2SO4 (fest)-Me2S2O7 (fest) bestimmt. Wasserdampf löst sich in den untersuchten Schmelzphasen, denn ihre Existenzgrenzen werden durch ihn verändert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 884-888 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Use of the Warburg technique to measure corrosion of nickel samples with and without passage of currentThe use of the Warburg technique in corrosion processes makes possible the determining of the kind and extent of gas participation in the reaction. Specially in the corrosion of pure nickel in aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid containing oxygen, it may be decided how muc of the oxygen present is reduced to hydrogen peroxide or water. The relationship of both reaction products is dependent on the passage of current through the nickel electrode. The experiments were carried out under stationary conditions, i.e. conditions similar to those in practice. Surface qualities therefore influenced the results. It could be shown that this influence mainly concerns the reduction of oxyge to water and the formation of absorbed hydrogen, whilst the extent of hydrogen peroxide formation is decisively dependent on the passage of current through the electode. The maximum formation of hydrogen peroxide lies in the steady state potetial of teh nickel sample.
    Notes: Die Anwendung der Warburg-Technik auf Korrosionsvorgänge ermöglicht es, Art und Ausmaß der Beteiligung eines gasförmige Reaktionten am Stoffumsatz zu bestimmen. Speziell bei der Konstrucktion von Reinickel in sauerstoffhaltiger, wäßriger Salzsäurelösung kann da durch entschieden werden, inwieweit anwesender Sauerstoff zu Wasserstoffperoxid bzw. Wasser reduziert wird. Das Verhältnis beider Reaktionsprodukte ist ahägig vom Stromdurchgang durch die Nickelelektrode. Die Versuche wurden unter stationären, d. h. praxisüblichen bedingungen durchgeführt. Oberflächeneigenschaften beeinflußte daher die Ergebnisse. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß dieser Einfluß vorwiegend die Reduktion des Sauerstoffs zum Wasser und die Bildung von absorbiertem Wasserstoff betriff, während das Ausmaß der Wasserstoffperoxidbildung entscheidend von dem Stromdurchgang durch die Elektrode abhängt. Das Maximum der Wasserftoffperoxidbildung liegt beim Rubepotential der Nickelprobe.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 869-884 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of solid/gas systems with special reference to electrochemical methodsDiffusion and phase boundary reactions are involved in teh growth of the scale layer during high temperature oxidation. Reaction rates depend from thermodynamical and kinetic factors, e. g. free enthalpy of formation of the metal compound being formed, diffusion coefficients or partial conductivities in the reaction product. The free enthalpy of formation can be obtained from enthalpy or entropy values, dissociation and reaction equilibria or measurements of the emf. Diffusion coefficient and partial conductivities depend from the defect concentration and of mobilities of the latter. These considerations are presented on the example of recent experimental work with solid electrolytes.
    Notes: Am Wachsen der zunderschicht bei Hochtemperaturoxydation sind Diffusions- und Phasengrenzaktionen beteiligt. Für die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit sind thermodynamische und kinetische Größen maßgebend, z. freie Bildungsenthalpie der entstehenden Metallverbindung, Diffusionskoeffizienten oder Teilleitfähigkeit im Reaktionsprodukt. Die freie Bildungsenthalpie kann aus Enthalpie- und entropiewerten, Dissoziations- und Reaktions-gleichgewichten oder EMK-Messungen bestimmt werden. Diffusionskoeffizient und Teilleitfähigkeit hägen von der Konzentration der Fehlordnugszentren und von deren Beweglichkeit ab. Als Beispiel werden neuere Untersuchungen mit festen Elektrolyten erörtert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 920-922 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 738-739 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 957-960 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Radiotracer methods of corrosion testingRadioactive isotopes provide the most sensitive methods for the determination of the uptake of material by solid surfaces. These methods fall into three groups: 1. Post-immersion counting, where the irreversible uptake is determined by counting the specimen after removal from the solution; 2. Depletion techniques where the change in concentration of the radioactive solution is measured; (3) immersed counting techniques. The equipment used for these measurements is described. The tracers further enable the activity distribution across larger surfaces to be determined by counting selected surface districts or by autoradiography.
    Notes: Radioaktive Isotope sind die Grundlase der empfindlichsten Methoden zur Bestimmung der Stoffaufnahme an Feststoffoberflächen. Diese Methoden können in drei Gruppen eingeteilt werden: 1. Auswertung nach Herausnahme der Probe aus der radioaktiven Lösung; hierbei wird die irreversible Stoffaufnahme gefunden; 2. Verarmungstechnik, wobei die Konzentrationsänderung der radioaktiven Lösung gemessen wird; 3. Auswertung an der eingetauchten Probe. Die hierzu verwendeten Geräte werden beschrieben. Ebenso ermöglichen die Tracer - durch Auswerten ausgewählter Oberflächenteile oder autoradiographisch - die Ermittlung der Aktivitätsverteilung über größere Oberflächen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 976-977 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 997-1007 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 47-50 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 59-65 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 79-80 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 367-373 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 406-412 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into the influence of the thermal treatment on the corrosion of titanium-stabilized ferritic chromium steels in boiling concentrated nitric acidTitanium-stabilized ferritic chromium steels with about 17% Cr are, after quenching from high temperature, susceptible to grain boundary corrosion in boiling nitric acid; this corrosion is attributable to the chemical dissolution of the titanium carbonitrides coherently segregated at the grain boundaries. This carbide corrosion can be reduced by heat treatment within the temperature range around 850°C. In this process, the segregated carbo-nitrides are formed-in (in-formation annealing). The influence of quenching (0.5-5 hours, 900-1200°C/W[L]) and subsequent in-formation annealing (1-30 hours, 850°C/W) on the corrosion rate in boiling 65% nitric acid has been investigated in detailed on two steels of types X 8 Cr Ti 17 and X 8 Cr Mo Ti 17. In addition, the corrosion behaviour of titanium-stabilized and unstabilized ferritic chromium steels with about 17 pC chromium have been compared with each other.
    Notes: Titanstabilisierte ferritische Chromstähle mit rd. 17% Cr erfahren nach Abschrecken von hohen Temperaturen in siedender Salpetersäure einen Korngrenzenangriff, der auf die chemische Auflösung der an den Korngrenzen zusammenhängend ausgeschiedenen Titancarbonitride zurückzuführen ist. Dieser Carbidangriff kann durch eine Wärmebehandlung im Temperaturbereich urn 850°C vermindert werden. Hierbei erfolgt eine Einformung der ausgeschiedene Carbonitride (Einformungsglühen). An zwei Stählen der Typen X 8 Cr Ti 17 und X 8 CrMoTi 17 wird der Einfluß einer abschreckbehandlung (0,5…5 h 900 bis 1200° C/W [L]) und eines anschließenden Einformungsglühens ( 1…30 h 850° C/W) auf Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit in siedender 65°/oiger Salpetersäure eingehend untersucht. Ferner wird das Korrosionsverhalten der titanstabilisierten und unstabilisierten ferritischen Chromstähle mit rd. 17% Cr miteinander verglichen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 445-447 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 462-469 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 534-536 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 548-549 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. XVIII 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 711-712 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1017-1018 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1043-1049 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibition of steel corrosion in acid media by ammonium alkylxanthogenatesThe authors have investigated the inhibiting effect of ammonium alkylxanthogenates with different alkyl radicals (C5—C16) and ammonium groups substituted in different ways (alkyl radicals C1—C10, even with formation of 6-member ring structures with the nitrogen). The acids investigated included inorganic (sulfuric, hydrochloric, amidosulfonic) and organic acids (formic, acetic, lactic, citric). The inhibitors reduce corrosion losses as well as hydrogen absorption during pickling or cleaning of steel. The effect can be attributed not only to the presence of the S and N atoms, but also to the alkyl radicals which probably form some type of hydrophobic barrier on the metal surface. As to the reduction of hydrogen absorption the effect is observed after extended periods of time only, while no essential difference has been found between inhibited and uninhibited acids as to their effect on mechanical properties.
    Notes: Untersucht wurde die Hemmwirkung von rlmrnoniumalkylxanthogenaten mit verschiedenen Alkylresten (C5-16) und verschieden substituierter Ammoniumdes gruppe (Alkylreste C1-20, auch unter Bildung von Sechsringen mit dem Stickstoff). An anorganischen Sauren wurden Schwedes fel-, Salz- und Amidosulfonsäure, an orhydrique, ganischen Säuren Ameisen-, Essig-, Milchund Citronensäure untersucht. Die inhibitoren verringern sowohl die Korrosions-verluste als auch die Wasserstoffaufnahme während des Beizens bzw. Reinigens von Stabl. Die Wirkung ist nicht nur dem S-und N-Atom zuzuschreiben, sondern auch den Alkylresten, die vielleicht auf der Metalloberfläche eine Art hydrophober Barriere bilden. Bezüglich der Verringerung der Wasserstoffaufnahme zeigt sich die Wirkung erst nach längerer Einwir-kungsdauer, während sich bezüglich der Veränderung mechanischer Eigenschaften kein wesentlicher Unterschied zwischen inhibierter und inhibitorfreier Säure festsellen läßt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1072-1073 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1070-1071 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 22-25 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Creep strength and chemical resistance pipes made of hard polyethylene and polypropyleneThe creep strength of pipes made of thermoplastics is influenced by the surrounding medium. This influence may be of a chemical or physical kind. Often, both influences are simultaneously present. The present paper deals with these different types of influences of chemical substances on the creep strength of pipes made of hard polyethylene and polypropylene. First, the test method is described by which the creep strength is investigated in the presence of chemical stresses. This is followed by the communication of results obtained with different obcals. These include inorganic as well as organic media. According to these results the inorganic substances can, in respect of their effect on the creep strength, be divided into the following four categories: 1aqueous solutions of non-oxidant substances,2aqueous solutions of oxidant substances,3aqueous solutions of wetting agents,4aqueous solutions of substances which penetrate into polyethylene in small quantities, thus causing Some Sort swelling.The organic substances can be divided into those with strong and with weak swelling effects. The swelling effect, which depends on the chemical structure of the substances, is described in some detail.
    Notes: Die Zeitstandfestigkeit von Rohren aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen wird durch das umgebende Medium beeinflußt. Dieser Einfluß kann chemischer oder physikalischer Art sein. Oft sind beide Einflüsse gleichzeitig wirksam. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt diese verschiedenen Arten des Einflusses chemischer Substanzen auf die Zeitstandfestigkeit von Rohren aus Hartpolyäthylen und Polypropylen. Es wird zunächst die Prüfmethode beschrieben, nach der die Zeitstandfestigkeit bei gleichzeitiger chemischer Beanspruchung untersucht wird. Anschließend werden Ergebnisse mitgeteilte, die mit verschiedenen Chemikalien gewonnen wurden. Es wird dabei sowohl auf anorganische als auch auf organische Medien eingegangen. Nach diesen Ergebnissen können die anorganischen Substanzen hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf die Zeitstandfestigkeit in folgende vier Gruppen eingeteilt werden: 1wäßrige Lösungen von nicht oxydierend wirkenden Substanzen;2wäßrige Lösungen von oxydierend wirkenden Substanzen;3wäßrige Lösungen von Netzmitteln;4wäßrige Lösungen von Substanzen, die in geringer Menge in Polyäthylen eindringen und dadurch eine Art Quellung bewirken.Die organischen Substanzen körnert in stark und schwach quellend wirkende eingeteilt werden. Auf die Quellung, die von der chemischen Struktur der Substanzen abhängig ist, wird näher eingegangen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 321-324 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 355-358 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 375-376 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 377-384 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pitting corrosion on copper pipes. - Significance; extent; latest research results.Following a brief description of pitting corrosion phenomena on copper pipes, the extent and significance of this type of corrosion are discussed with the aid of practical statistics. The different causes are detailed and their respective incidence estimated. The influence of the water conditions is discussed on the strength of the author's own investigations. Whilst the first part of the paper is thus based on practical experience, the second part deals with the author's own field tests and laboratory tests with copper pipes in drinking waters. The laboratory tests are based on the works of Pourbaix and are intended to assess the possibilities of predicting the propensity of a water to pitting corrosion. The paper concludes with a report on theoretical interpretations of the pitting corrosion mechanism, and with an attempt, on the basis of all the 'subject matter discussed, to arrive at a comprehensive appraisal of the present state of knowledge in regard to pitting corrosion.
    Notes: Die Arbeit gebt nach kurzer Beschreibung der Erscheinungsform des Lochfraßes an Kupferrohren, auf Umfang und Bedeutung an Hand von Zahlenmaterial aus der Praxis ein. Die auslösenden Ursachen werden besprochen und deren jeweiliger Anteil am Untersuchungsmaterial abgeschätzt. Der Einfluß der Wasserverhältnisse wird auf Grund eigener Untersuchungen diskutiert. Im Anschluß an den an praktischen Fällen orientierten ersten Teil, wird über eigene Feldversuche und Laborversuche mit Kupferrohren in Trinkwasser berichtet. Die Laborversuche lehnen sich an Arbeiten von Pourbaix an und sollten die Möglichkeiten zur Beurteilung eines Wassers auf Lochfraßneigung prüfen. Abschließend wird über theoretische Deutungen des Lochfraßmechanismus referiert und versucht, zusammenfassend an Hand des gesamten vorgelegten Materials den augenblicklichen Stànd der Untersuchungen des Lochfraßes zu beurteilen.
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  • 90
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 588-595 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pretreatment of metal parts for electrocoatingElectrocoating requires very careful pretreatment because surface defects and contaminations may have a very negative influence on coating quality (surface structure remains visible, decoloration of bright colors, in particular yellowing). Adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings are improved by phosphate coatings (on Fe, Al, Zn); Zn phosphate coats are most suitable on Fe and Zn, and Al phosphate coatings on Al. Coating thickness, however, must not be excessive. The accelerators added to the phosphating baths have a very pronounced bearing and should therefore be carefully selected. The phosphate coatings are partially (by 10%) dissolved in the electrophoretically applied coating.
    Notes: Das elektrophoretische Beschichten erfordert sehr sorgfältiges Arbeiten, da Oberflächenfehler und Verunreinigungen die Überzugsqualität stark beeinträchtigen können (Gefüge der Oberfläche wird sichtbar, Verfärbung, besonders heller Farbtöne). Die Haftfestigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit wird durch Phosphatierungsschichten (auf Fe, Al, Zn) verbessert; am günstigsten sind für Fe und Zn die Zn-Phosphatschichten, für Al die Al-Phosphatschichten, jedoch nicht in zu großer Schichtdicke. Bei der Herstellung spielen die Beschleuniger eine große Rolle und sind sorgfältig auszuwählen. Die Phosphatüberzüge lösen sich teilweise (etwa 10%) in der elektrophoretisch aufgebrachten Beschichtung.
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  • 91
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 650-651 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 92
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 690-695 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 93
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 677-679 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of silver and thallium on the anodic corrosion of lead alloys in sulfuric acidExperimental alloys (Pb, up to 4.5% Ag; Pb, up to 10% Sb, Ag; Pb, up to 11% Sb, Tl; Pb, up to 0.3% Tl, As) were anodically oxidized in 7 N sulfuric acid at 25° C. The corrosion rate decreases as the Ag content increases; increasing Sb-content has only little effect. The influence of Tl is considerably smaller and is largely suppressed by Sb; addition of As results in corrosion rates exceeding those obtained with the Tl-free metal.
    Notes: Experimentell hergestellte Legierungen (Pb, bis 4,5% Ag; Pb, bis 10% Sb, Ag; Pb, bis 11% Sb, Tl; Pb, bis 0,3% Tl, As) wurden in 7 n Schwefelsäure bei 25° C anodisch oxydiert. Die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit wird mit zunehmendem Ag-Gehalt geringer, wobei sich zunehmender Sb-Gehalt nur sehr wenig auswirkt. Der Einfluß des Thalliums ist wesentlich geringer und wird durch Sb weitgehend unterdrückt; bei Zusatz von As wird die Korrosion im Vergleich zum Tl-freien Metall sogar verstärkt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 705-710 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 95
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 1080-1080 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 96
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 96-96 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 97
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 103-113 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into the grain decomposition proneness of an unstabilised 17 per cent. chromium steel, and the elimination of this proneness by stabilising annealingUsing a ferritic chromium steel with 0.1 per cent. C and approx. 17.5 percent. Cr as an example, an investigation has been carried out into the heat treatment conditions leading to grain decomposition proneness and its elimination by stabilising annealing.The sensitivisation took place in the temperature range from 900 to 1200° C. The duration of sensitivisation annealing as well as the rate of temperature drop have an influence on the results. Sensitised samples are, in fully desalinated water, exposed to local intercrystaline corrosion caused by oxygen. By stabilising annealing at 750° C, the sensitivisation can be completely eliminated even after 30 minutes. At 850° C, on the other hand, the grain decomposition proneness cannot be completely eliminated.The grain decomposition proneness must be assessed with the aid of the Strauss test on samples which have not been bent. The Huey test does not yield unequivocal test results.
    Notes: Am Beispiel eines ferritischen Chromstahles mit 0,1% C und rd. 17,5% Cr werden die Wärmebehandlungsbedingungen untersucht, die zur Erzeugung von Kornzerfallsanfälligkeit und zu deren Beseitigung durch Stabilglühen führen.Die Sensibilisierung erfolgte im untersuchten Temperaturbereich von 900 bis 1200° C. Die Sensibilisierungsglühdauer sowie Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit haben einen Einfluß auf die Versuchsergebnisse. Sensibilisierte Proben werden in vollent-salztem Wasser durch Sauerstoffkorrosion örtlich interkristallin angegriffen. Durch Stabilglühen bei 750° C kann die Sensibilisierung bereits nach 30 min vollständig beseitigt werden. Bei 850° C erfolgt dagegen keine vollständige Beseitigung der Kornzerfallsanfälligkeit.Die Beurteilung der Kornzerfallsanfälligkeit muß nach der Prüfung im Strauß-test an ungebogenen Proben erfolgen. Die Prüfung im Hueytest liefert keine eindeutigen Versuchsergebnisse.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 153-165 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 19 (1968), S. 180-188 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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