ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Nitrogen fixation  (142)
  • Textbook of geodesy
  • Springer  (146)
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • 2005-2009  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (143)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (146)
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • de Gruyter  (2)
Years
Year
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Iceland Geodynamics - Crustal Deformation and Divergent Plate Tectonics (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Corporate, Florida, Springer, vol. Developments in Petroleum Science vol. 15B, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 9, (3-540-24165-5, XXVI + 228 p.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Description: This book provides a summary of geodynamic results from Iceland that presently are found in a great number of scientific articles, but have not been collected before in a book
    Keywords: Textbook of geodesy ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Plate tectonics ; GeodesyY
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Volcano Deformation - New Geodetic Monitoring Techniques (2006)
    Springer
    In:  Cambridge, Springer, vol. LXXVIII, no. 2, pp. 125-169, (ISBN: 3-540-42642-6, Approx. 620 p. 30 illus., Hardcover)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Volcanology ; Geodesy ; Global Positioning System ; InSAR ; Textbook of geodesy
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Physical Geodesy (2005)
    Springer
    In:  New York, 390 pp., Springer, vol. 36, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 3-211-23584-1)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Description: Motivation, Fundamentals of potential theory The gravity field of the earth, Gravity reduction, Heights The geometry of the earth, Gravity field outside the earth, Space methods Modern views on the determination of the figure of the earth Statistical methods in physical geodesy, Least-squares collocation Computational methods, References, Subject index
    Keywords: Textbook of geodesy ; Global Positioning System ; Geoid ; Gravimetry ; Potential ; Theory ; Reference ; Systems ; collocation ; geodetic ; satellite ; techniques ; heights
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azospirillum — plant root associations: A review (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 8 (1989), S. 356-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Plant-root associations ; Azospirillum spp ; Rhizosphere ; Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction assay (ARA) ; Phytohormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Bacteria of the genus Azospirillum are extensively studied for their plant-growth promoting effect following inoculation. Physiological and biochemical studies of these diazotrophic bacteria are now benefiting from recent breakthroughs in the development of genetic tools for Azospirilum. Moreover, the identification and cloning of Azospirillum genes involved in N2 fixation, plant interaction, and phytohormone production have given new life to many research projects on Azospirillum. The finding that Azospirillum genes can complement specific mutations in other intensively studied rhizosphere bacteria like Rhizobia will certainly trigger the exploration of new areas in rhizosphere biology. Therefore a review of the Azospirillum-plant interactions is particularly timely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263169
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of nodule damage by Rivellia angulata on N2-fixation, growth, and yield of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) grown in a Vertisol (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nodule damage ; Rivellia angulata ; Nitrogen fixation ; Cajanus cajan ; Pigeonpea ; Vertisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Damage caused by Rivellia angulata larvae to pigeonpea root nodules at the ICRISAT center in India was greater in the crop grown on Vertisols (up to 86%) compared to that on Alfisols (20%). Attempts to quantify the field effects of nodule damage on growth and yield of pigeonpea in a Vertisol, involving many heavy applications of soil insecticides (aldrin and hexachlorocyclohexane) failed because the insecticides did not control the pest and adversely affected the growth of the pigeonpea and the subsequent crop of sorghum (Sorgorum bicolor L. Moench). The impact of nodule damage on pigeonpea growth, yield and nutrient uptake was successfully studied in greenhouse-grown plants at three N levels. In this pot study, artificial inoculation with Rivellia sp. led to substantial nodule damage (70%). The results of this damage were a significant overall reduction in nodule dry weight (46%), acetylene reduction activity (31%), total leaf area (36%), chlorophyll content of leaves (39%) and shoot dry weight (23%) 68 days after sowing. At maturity, Rivellia sp. infestation caused significant reductions in top dry weight (22%), root and nodule dry weight (27%), seed dry weight (14%), and total N (29%) and P uptake (19%). The problems and prospects of manipulating nodule damage so as to reduce N losses in pigeonpea are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292565
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in nitrogen fixation among populations ofFrankia sp. andCeanothus sp. in actinorhizal association (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Frankia-Ceanothus spp. association ; Acetylene reduction assay (ARA) ; Microsymbiont population ; Nodules ; Actinomycetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wildland shrub improvement is needed for sound range and disturbed land revegetation practice. The possibility of selecting superior N2-fixingFrankia-Ceanothus spp. actinorhizal associations was examined. Greenhouse tests were used to expose various soil-borne microsymbiont andCeanothus sp. population accessions in reciprocal combination. The acetylene reduction rate was used as a measure of N2-fixation capacity. There was no significant interaction between host and microsymbiont regardless of source for all variables measured. The acetylene reduction rate, nodule number and mass, plant biomass, and root: shoot ratio were significantly different among soil sources. The acetylene reduction rate was not significantly different amongCeanothus sp. accessions. Neither was it strongly correlated with other variables. It was concluded that the N2-fixation rate is more a function ofFrankia sp. than the hostCeanothus sp. in actinorhizal associations. It appears possible to select soil sources with superior N2-fixing microsymbiont populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709660
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation in the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 566-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; Lichen ; Lobaria ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Thalli of Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., a nitrogen-fixing epiphyte common in mesic temperate forests, were collected in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) forest near Corvallis, Oregon, and maintained for 20 to 40 days in controlled-environment chambers with atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 374 and 700 μll-1. Nitrogenase activity, which was assayed by the acetylene reduction method, was approximately doubled in the lichen maintained in elevated CO2. Increases in nitrogen fixation by lichens may be an important part of the integrated ecosystem response to rising CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378677
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy transduction efficiencies in nitrogenous oxide respirations of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 445-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Growth yield measurements ; Nitrate respiration ; Nitrogen fixation ; Proton translocations in respirations ; Azospirillum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract For Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, the energy transformation efficiencies were measured in anaerobic respirations with either nitrate, nitrite or nitrous oxide as respiratory electron acceptors by determining the maximal molar growth yields and the H+-translocations using the oxidant pulse method. In continuous cultures grown with malate limiting, the maximal molar growth yields (Y s max -values) were essentially the same with O2 or N2O but were 1/3 and 2/3 lower with NO 2 - or NO 3 - , respectively, as respiratory electron acceptors. Both the maximal molar growth yields and the maintenance energy coefficients were surprisingly high when Azospirillum was grown with nitrite as the sole electron acceptor and source for N-assimilation. Growth under N2-fixing conditions drastically reduced the Y s max -values in the N2O and O2-respiring cells. In the H+-translocation measurements, the $$\vec H^ + $$ /oxidant ratios were 5.6 for O2→H2O, 2.5–2.8 for NO 3 - →NO 2 - , 2.2 for NO 2 - →N2O and 3.1 for N2O→N2 respirations when the cells were preincubated with valinomycin and K+. All the values were enhanced when the experiments were performed with valinomycin plus methyltriphenylphosphonium (=TPMP+) cation. The uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone diminished the H+-excretion indicating that this translocation was due to vectorial flow across the membrane. In the absence of any ionophore, nitrate and nitrite respirations were accompanied by a H+-uptake $$(NO_3^ - \to N_2 = - 2.9 \vec H^ + /NO_3^ - and NO_2^ - \to N_2 = - 2.5 \vec H^ + /NO_2^ - )$$ . Any significant H+-translocation could not be detected in N2O- and O2-respirations under these conditions. It is concluded that nitrate reduction proceeds inside the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas nitrite is reduced extramembraneously. The data are not conclusive for the location of nitrous oxide reductase. The maximal molar growth yield determinations and the absence of any H+-uptake in untreated cells indicate a cytoplasmic orientation of the enzyme similar to the terminal cytochrome oxidase of respiration. The low H+-extrusion values for N2O-respiration compared to O2-respiration in cells treated with valinomycin plus TPMP+ are, however, not in accord with such an interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00416605
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of a DNA region from Bradyrhizobium japonicum encoding pleiotropic functions in heme metabolism and respiration (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Gene cloning ; Heme ; Marker exchange mutagenesis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Respiration ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Random and site-directed Tn5-induced mutagenesis of Bradyrhizobium japonicum yielded two mutations, one in strain 2960 and the other in strain 2606::Tn5-20, which mapped close to each other but in separate genes. The corresponding wild-type genes were cloned, and their approximate location on the cloned DNA was determined. Mutant 2960 was Fix- and formed green nodules on soybean, whereas strain 2606::Tn5-20 had ca. 4% of wild-type Fix activity and formed white nodules. Cytochrome oxidase assays (Nadi tests) showed a negative reaction with both mutants, indicating a functional deficiency of cytochrome c or its terminal oxidase or both. However, the mutants grew well under aerobic conditions on minimal media with different carbon sources. Furthermore, mutant 2960 had a reduced activity in hydrogen uptake, was unable to grow anaerobically with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor and 2960-infected soybean nodules contained little, if any, functional leghemoglobin. Southern blot analysis showed that a B. japonicum heme biosynthesis mutant [strain LO505: O'Brian MR, Kirshbom PM, Maier RJ (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 8390–8393] had its mutation close to the Tn5 insertion site of our mutant 2606::Tn5-20. This finding, combined with the observed phenotypes, suggested that the genes affected in mutants 2960 and 2606::Tn5-20 were involved in some steps of heme biosynthesis thus explaining the pleiotropic respiratory deficiencies of the mutants. Similar to strain LO505, the mutant 2606::Tn5-20 (but not 2960) was defective in the activity of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase which catalyzes the penultimate step in the heme biosynthesis pathway. This suggests that one of the two cloned genes may code for this enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413131
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deletion analysis of the nitrogen fixation regulatory gene, nifL of Klebsiella pneumoniae (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Nitrogen fixation ; nifL ; Regulation ; Oxygen control ; Nitrogen control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A number of in-frame deletions have been constructed in the Klebsiella pneumoniae regulatory gene nifL. The effects of each nifL mutation on NifA-mediated expression from the nifH promoter of K. pneumoniae have then been assessed with respect to both nitrogen and oxygen control. These experiments indicate that, in contrast to the situation with the homologous regulatory proteins NtrB and NtrC, NifA activity is not impaired in the absence of NifL. We conclude that the only function of NifL is to inactivate NifA in response to an increase in the nitrogen or oxygen status of the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414436
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location of two isoenzymes of NADH-dependent glutamate synthase in root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 179 (1989), S. 441-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glutamate synthase ; Glutamine synthetase ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phaseolus (glutamate synthase) ; Plastid (glutamate synthase) ; Root nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The two isoenzymes of NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.14), previously identified in root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris L., have both been shown to be located in root-nodule plastids. The nodule specific NADH-GOGAT II accounts for the majority of the activity in root nodules, and is present almost exclusively in the central tissue of the nodule. However about 20% of NADH-GOGAT I activity is present in the nodule cortex, at about the same specific activity as this isoenzyme is found in the central tissue. Glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) occurs predominantly as the γ polypeptide in the central tissue, whereas in the cortex, the enzyme is represented mainly by the β polypeptide. Over 90% of both GS and NADH-GOGAT activities are located in the central tissue of the nodule and GS activity exceeds NADH-GOGAT activity by about twofold in this region. Using the above information, a model for the subcellular location and stoichiometry of nitrogen metabolism in the central tissue of P. vulgaris root nodules is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397583
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced genetic variability in Rhizobium leguminosarum for nitrogen fixation parameters in Vicia faba L. (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 433-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; Irradiation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sumary The objective of this work was to know the behaviour and variability of Rhizobium leguminosarum after irradiation. The induced variation was tested under greenhouse conditions on the variety JV 3 of broad beans (Vicia faba) in six replications. Induced genetic variabilty was observed for strain, parent and mutant versus parent. Out of 24 irradiated strains, strain 93-32 performed better with a greater number of nodules and higher dry weight of nodules per plant and biological yield. Environment played an important role in the expression of characters observed. High heritability and genetic advance of these traits indicated that the nitrogen fixation ability of Rhizobium can easily be improved by selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265308
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of metal ions in negative regulation of nitrogen fixation by the nifL gene product from Klebsiella pneumoniae (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 216 (1989), S. 484-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; nifL ; Repression ; Metal ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ability of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL gene product to antagonise NIFA mediated transcriptional activation from the nifH promoter in vivo was inhibited either by metal deprivation, or by the presence of the iron chelators EDDA or Desferal in the growth medium. This inhibition of the repressive activity of NIFL was reversed by the addition of ferrous or manganous ions to the medium but was unaffected by other transition metals. The dependence on metal ions for NIFL activity was observed when NIFL was overexpressed and when cultures were exposed to oxygen or high levels of fixed nitrogen. Immunochemical evidence suggests that NIFL and NIFA associate to form a functional protein complex. Metal ions are apparently not required for the formation of this complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334394
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TheKlebsiella pneumoniae PII protein (glnB gene product) is not absolutely required for nitrogen regulation and is not involved in NifL-mediatednif gene regulation (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 217 (1989), S. 474-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: glnB ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Nitrogen control ; Glutamine synthetase ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The role of theKlebsiella pneumoniae PII protein (encoded byglnB) in nitrogen regulation has been studied using two classes ofglnB mutants. In Class I mutants PII appears not to be uridylylated in nitrogen-limiting conditions and in Class II mutants PII is not synthesised. The effects of these mutations on expression from nitrogen-regulated promoters indicate that PII is not absolutely required for nitrogen control. Furthermore the uridylylated form of PII(PII-UMP) plays a significant role in the response to changes in nitrogen status by counteracting the effect of PII on NtrB-mediated dephosphorylation of NtrC. PII is not involved in thenif-specific response to changes in nitrogen status mediated by NifL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02464920
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA sequence and genetic analysis of the Rhodobacter capsulatus nifENX gene region: Homology between NifX and NifB suggests involvement of NifX in processing of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 216 (1989), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Rhodobacter capsulatus ; Nitrogen fixation ; DNA sequence analysis ; nifE, nifN, nifX genes ; Protein comparisons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rhodobacter capsulatus genes homologous to Klebsiella pneumoniae nifE, nifN and nifX were identified by DNA sequence analysis of a 4282 bp fragment of nif region A. Four open reading frames coding for a 51188 (NifE), a 49459 (NifN), a 17459 (NifX) and a 17472 (ORF4) dalton protein were detected. A typical NifA activated consensus promoter and two imperfect putative NifA binding sites were located in the 377 bp sequence in front of the nifE coding region. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of R. capsulatus NifE and NifN revealed homologies not only to analogous gene products of other organisms but also to the α and β subunits of the nitrogenase iron-molybdenum protein. In addition, the R. capsulatus nifE and nifN proteins shared considerable homology with each other. The map position of nifX downstream of nifEN corresponded in R. capsulatus and K. pneumoniae and the deduced molecular weights of both proteins were nearly identical. Nevertheless, R. capsulatus NifX was more related to the C-terminal end of NifY from K. pneumoniae than to NifX. A small domain of approximately 33 amino acid residues showing the highest degree of homology between NifY and NifX was also present in all nifB proteins analyzed so far. This homology indicated an evolutionary relationship of nifX, nifY and nifB and also suggested that NifX and NifY might play a role in maturation and/or stability of the iron-molybdenum cofactor. The open reading rame (ORF4) downstream of nifX in R. capsulatus is also present in Azotobacter vinelandii but not in K. pneumoniae. Interposon-induced insertion and deletion mutants proved that nifE and nifN were necessary for nitrogen fixation in R. capsulatus. In contrast, no essential role could be demonstrated for nifX and ORF4 whereas at least one gene downstream of ORF4 appeared to be important for nitrogen fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334376
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characteristics of the host-symbiont interface in nitrogen-fixing peanut nodules (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 150 (1989), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Peanut ; Root nodules ; Dense body ; Microbody ; Oleosome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen-fixing peanut root nodules are characterized by their unique structural organization, distinct from other legume nodules. The focus of this study has been in and around the hostsymbiont interface, where the bacterioid and the host cell surface (peribacteroid membrane envelope) interact during symbiosis. The infected nodule cells have revealed the presence of lipid bodies (oleosomes) in intimate association with the peribacteroid membrane, which encloses the large spherical bacteroids with a relatively narrow peribacteroid space. Electron dense structures, referred to as dense bodies have been found attached to the bacteroid outer membranes at the host-symbiont interface. The dense bodies are osmiophilic, amorphous and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine positive. The isolated intact bacteroids with dense bodies attached to their cell wall showed significant catalase activity. Many microbodies showing DAB-positive reaction have been found in the host cytoplasm, associated closely with the peribacteroid membrane. These ultrastructural and cytochemical characteristics of peanut root nodules suggest that lipids are utilized during symbiosis and the dense bodies and microbodies may be involved in the catabolic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01352917
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the nitrogen-fixing, filamentous, nonheterocystous cyanobacterium,Plectonema boryanum (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 152 (1989), S. 130-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Plectonema boryanum ; Cyanobacteria ; Ultrastructure ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen starvation ; Immunogold localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of fructose-supplemented and unsupplemented nitrogen-fixing (fix +) and nonfixing (fix −)Plectonema boryanum UTEX 581 cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The most prominent structural differences included the arrangement and morphology of the thylakoids and alterations in the appearance of the interthylakoidal spaces. These ultrastructural differences, together with other observations such as glycogen content and presence of nitrogenase (using acetylene reduction assay and immunogold localization), readily distinguished nonfixingP. boryanum from nitrogen-fixing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323072
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TheRhizobium-legume symbiosis Two methods to discriminate between nodules and other root-derived structures (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 149 (1989), S. 82-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Legumes ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Rhizobium ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two methods have been developed in order to discriminate between lateral roots, nodules and root-derived structures which exhibit both root and nodule histological features and which can develop on legumes inoculated with certainRhizobium mutants. The first method, known as the “clearing method”, allows the observation by light microscopy of cleared undissected root-structures. The second, known as the “slicing method”, is a complementary technique which provides a greater degree of structural information concerning such structures. The two methods have proved invaluable in defining unequivocally the nature of the interaction between a rhizobial strain and a legume host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322980
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and nucleotide sequence of a novel gene fixW upstream of the fixABC operon in Rhizobium leguminosarum (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 218 (1989), S. 536-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Rhizobium leguminosarum ; Nitrogen fixation ; nif/fix genes ; Escherichia coli minicells ; Transcription regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary On the Rhizobium leguminosarum PRE sym plasmid, fixABC and a novel gene fixW were identified upstream of the regulatory gene nifA. The molecular masses of FixABC, 29, 44 and 50 kDa respectively, were estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and of FixW, 25 kDa, by PAGE and nucleotide sequencing. Hybridization studies using bacteroid mRNA as a probe showed that fixABC is one operon which can be transcribed independently of fixW. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that both fixW and fixA are preceded by a nif consensus promoter. The fixA promoter partly overlaps the 3′-terminal coding region of fixW, indicating that readthrough from fixW into fixA is possible. Two open reading frames, ORF71 and ORF79, precede fixW and form one operon with fixW. ORF71 contains sequences homologous to the fixA promoter and 5′-terminal coding region. One more duplication of fixA sequences was detected, also located within the sym plasmid nif/fix clusters. One duplication of fixW sequences was found. No fixW homologue could be found in other nitrogen fixing organisms except in a number of R. leguminosarum strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332421
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes coding for the reversible ADP-ribosylation system of dinitrogenase reductase from Rhodospirillum rubrum (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 218 (1989), S. 340-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; draT ; draG ; TTG initiation codon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen fixation activity in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum is controlled by the reversible ADP-ribosylation of the dinitrogenase reductase component of the nitrogenase enzyme complex. This report describes the cloning and characterization of the genes encoding the ADP-ribosyltransferase (draT) and the ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase (draG) involved in this regulation. These genes are shown to be contiguous on the R. rubrum chromosome and highly linked to the nifHDK genes. Sequence analysis revealed the use of TTG as the initiation codon of the draT gene as well as a potential open reading frame immediately downstream of draG. The mono-ADP-ribosylation system in R. rubrum is the first in which both the target protein and modifying enzymes as well as their structural genes have been isolated, making it the model system of choice for analysis of this post-translational regulatory mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331287
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The DNA sequence of the Rhodobacter capsulatus ntrA, ntrB and ntrC gene analogues required for nitrogen fixation (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 215 (1989), S. 507-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Regulation ; Rhodobacter capsulatus ; Gene sequences ; Transcription factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have determined the DNA sequence for the genes nifR1, nifR2 and nifR4 in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. These genes regulate transcription of the nifHDK operon and so limit the expression of nitrogen fixation activity to periods of low environmental concentrations of both oxygen and fixed nitrogen. The sequences of these three genes are similar to components of the ntr regulation system in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The two-component regulatory system of ntrB and ntrC in E. coli is represented by nifR2 and nifR1 in R. capsulatus and nifR4 in R. capsulatus is the equivalent of the E. coli ntr-related sigma factor ntrA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427050
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rice yields as influenced by Azolla N2 fixation and urea N-fertilization (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla pinnata ; Nitrogen fixation ; N yield ; Oryza sativa ; Urea-N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Application of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha−1 of urea (U) in split doses with (and without)Azolla pinnata, R. Brown was studied for three consecutive seasons under planted field condition. Fresh weight (FW), acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and N yield of Azolla were found to be maximum 14 days after inoculation (DAI). Among the different treatments, maximum Azolla growth was recorded in no N control. The FW, ARA and N yield of Azolla were inhibited increasingly with the increase in N levels. Irrespective of season, FW and N yield of Azolla were inhibited only a small extent with 90 kg N ha−1 U, beyond which the inhibition was pronounced. ARA was inhibited only slightly up to 60 kg N ha−1 of U. Grain yield and crop N uptake of rice increased significantly up to 90 kg N ha−1 of U (alone or in combination with Azolla) in the dry seasons (variety IR 36) and up to 60 kg N ha−1 U in the wet season (variety CR 1018).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02203082
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence and dispersal of infective Frankia in peat and meadow soils in Sweden (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Alnus ; Energy forestry ; Frankia ; Meadow soil ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Peat soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Use of the N2-fixing grey alder, Alnus incana (L.) Moench, as a short-rotation crop for energy production is currently being explored. To evaluate the need for inoculation of alders, the distribution of infective propagules of Frankia in the soil at potential sites for alder plantations was examined. Uninoculated grey alder seedlings were grown in three types of soil. Frequent nodulation was found in a meadow soil which had been free from actinorhizal plants for nearly 60 years, but the alder seedlings failed to nodulate in peat soil from two different bog sites. One of these bogs had been exploited for peat and the surface layer of the peat had been removed, so that the soil samples were taken from deep layers of the peat. At the other site, an area of cultivated peat, there were no infective propagules of Frankia in plots without alders; the infective Frankia was present in plots only where it had been introduced by inoculated alders. There was no detectable air-borne dispersal of Frankia. Instead, water movement might account for the dispersal of Frankia in peat. Although the apparent absence of Frankia in these peat soils necessitates inoculation of alder seedlings before planting out, this makes it possible to introduce and maintain Frankia strains with selected beneficial characteristics, since there is no competition from an indigenous Frankia flora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257918
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seeding vs. vegetative propagations of the stem-nodulating green manure Sesbania rostrata (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Sesbania rostrata ; Green manure ; Biofertilizer ; Nitrogen fixation ; Stem nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ratooning and stem cutting were compared with seeding in order to reduce the amount of seeds of Sesbania rostrata for green-manure growth. Both methods increased the biofertilizer yield highly significantly within a 6-week growth period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261012
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of gibberellins and indole-3-acetic acid by Rhizobium phaseoli in relation to nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris roots (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 175 (1988), S. 532-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin (IAA), production by Rhizobium ; Gibberellin production by Rhizobium ; Mutant (Rhizobium) ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phaseolus (nodulation) ; Rhizobium (mutants) ; Root nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Similar ranges of gibberellins (GAs) were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-immunoassay procedures in ten cultures of wild-type and mutant strains of Rhizobium phaseoli. The major GAs excreted into the culture medium were GA1 and GA4. These identifications were confirmed by combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The HPLC-immunoassays also detected smaller amounts of GA9- as well as GA20-like compounds, the latter being present in some but not all cultures. In addition to GAs, all strains excreted indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) but there was no obvious relationship between the amounts of GA and IAA that accumulated. The Rhizobium strains studied included nod − and fix − mutants, making it unlikely that the IAA- and GA-biosynthesis genes are closely linked to the genes for nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The HPLC-immunoassay analyses showed also that nodules and non-nodulated roots of Phaseolus vulgaris L. contained similar spectra of GAs to R. phaseoli culture media. The GA pools in roots and nodules were of similar size, indicating that Rhizobium does not make a major contribution to the GA content of the infected tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393076
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathways of assimilation and transfer of fixed nitrogen in coralloid roots of cycad-Nostoc symbioses (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 176 (1988), S. 461-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide fixation ; Citrulline ; Coralloid roots ; Cycads (nitrogen fixation) ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen transport ; Nostoc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Freshly detached coralloid roots of several cycad species were found to bleed spontaneously from xylem, permitting identification of products of nitrogen transfer from symbiotic organ to host. Structural features relevant to the export of fixed N were described for Macrozamia riedlei (Fisch. ex Gaud.) Gardn. the principal species studied. Citrulline (Cit), glutamine (Gln) and glutamic acid (Glu), the latter usually in a lesser amount, were the principal translocated solutes in Macrozamia (5 spp.), Encephalartos (4 spp.) and Lepidozamia (1 sp.), while Gln and a smaller amount of Glu, but no Cit were present in xylem sap of Bowenia (1 sp.),and Cycas (2 spp.). Time-course studies of 15N enrichment of the different tissue zones and the xylem sap of 15N2-pulse-fed coralloid roots of M. riedlei showed earlier 15N incorporation into Gln than into Cit, and a subsequent net decline in the 15N of Gln of the coralloid-root tissues, whereas Cit labeling continued to increase in inner cortex and stele and in the xylem sap. Hydrolysis of the 15N-labeled Cit and Gln consistently demonstrated much more intense labeling of the respective carbamyl and amide groups than of the other N-atoms. Coralloid roots of M. riedlei pulse-fed 14CO2 in darkness showed 14C labeling of aspartic acid (Asp) and Cit in all tissue zones and of Cit of xylem bleeding sap. Lateral roots and uninfected apogeotropic roots of M. riedlei and M. moorei also incorporated 14CO2 into Cit. The 14C of Cit was restricted to the carbamyl-C. Comparable 15N2 and CO2-feeding studies on corallid roots of Cycas revoluta showed Gln to be the dominant product of N2 fixation, with Asp and alanine as other major 14C-labeled amino compounds, but a total absence of Cit in labeled or unlabeled form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397652
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanin production encoded by a cryptic plasmid in a Rhizobium leguminosarum strain (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 326-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium leguminosarum ; Plasmids ; Melanin ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Plasmid curing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobium leguminosarum strain VF39, isolated from nodules of field-grown faba beans in the Federal Republic of Germany, was shown to contain six plasmids ranging in molecular weight from 90 to 400 Md. Hybridisation to nif gene probes, plasmid curing, and mobilisation to other strains of Rhizobium and to Agrobacterium showed that the third largest plasmid, pRleVF39d (220 Md), carried genes for nodulation and nitrogen fixation. This plasmid was incompatible with pRL10JI, the Sym plasmid of R. leguminosarum strain JB300. Of the other plasmids, the two smallest (pRleVF39a and pRleVF39b, 90 and 160 Md respectively) were shown to be self-transmissible at a low frequency. Although melanin production is as yet unreported in strains of R. leguminosarum biovar viceae, strain VF39 produced a dark pigment, which, since it was not produced on minimal media and its production was greatly enhanced by the presence of tyrosine in the media, is probably melanin-like. Derivatives of VF39 cured of pRleVF39a no longer produced this pigment, but regained the ability to produce it when this plasmid was transferred into them. Strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, R. meliloti, and some strains of R. leguminosarum carrying pRleVF39a did not produce this pigment, indicating perhaps that some genes elsewhere on the VF39 genome are also involved in pigment production. Plasmid pRleVF39a appeared to be incompatible with the cryptic Rhizobium plasmids pRle336b and pRL8JI (both ca. 100 Md), but was compatible with the R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli Sym plasmids pRP1JI, pRP2JI and pRph51a, all of which also code for melanin production. The absence of pRleVF39a in cured derivatives of VF39 had no effect on the symbiotic performance or competitive ability of this strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408302
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of nitrogen fixation among Vibrio spp. (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 224-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Vibrio ; V. diazotrophicus ; V. natriegens ; V. pelagius ; V. cincinnatiensis ; Nitrogenase ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oxygen sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Virtually all Vibrio spp. known and available in culture collections and several newly isolated Vibrio sp. were tested for their ability to fix molecular nitrogen, using the acetylene reduction technique, the fixation of the heavy isotope 15N, and by growth on media devoid of combined nitrogen. Among the 27 species tested, four, including V. diazotrophicus, proved to be nitrogenase-positive. The potential of nitrogen fixation was now also discovered in V. natriegens, V. pelagius and V. cincinnatiensis. Among the 9 newly isolated strains, 4 were nitrogenase-positive. These strains were classified as V. diazotrophicus on the basis of DNA homology studies. Nitrogenase was only induced during growth under anaerobic conditions. Dissolved oxygen as low as 1 μM inhibited nitrogenase completely. This inhibition at low oxygen concentration, however, was reversible. 50–100 μM dissolved oxygen inhibited nitrogenase irreversibly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407784
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of hydrogenase-negative mutants of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 595-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 ; Hydrogenase ; Nitrogen fixation ; Chemostat cultures ; H2/N2 ratio ; ATP/2e value
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogenase-negative (Hup-) mutants of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 were isolated by means of Tn5 mutagenesis. The colony test used for screening for Hup- strains was based on the absence of reduction of triphenyltetrazolium chloride with hydrogen. Suspensions from cultures of the mutant strains grown under derepressing conditions did not use hydrogen with methylene blue or oxygen as the hydrogen acceptor. The mutants were shown to carry single Tn5 insertions at different locations in the A. caulinodans genome. Molar growth yields (corrected for poly-β-hydroxybutyrate formation) in chemostat cultures of the mutants were similar to those of the wild type. Molar growth yields of the mutants were not increased by passing additional hydrogen through chemostat cultures, which is in agreement with the hydrogenase-negative phenotype of the mutants. H2/N2 ratios (mol H2 formed per mol N2 fixed) were calculated from the hydrogen content of the effluent gas and the N-content of the bacterial dry weight. Low H2/N2 ratios (between 1.2 and 1.9) were found in both energy-limited (oxygen or succinate) cultures and in cultures limited by the supply of an anabolic substrate (Mg2+). ATP/2e values (mol ATP used at the transport of 2e to nitrogen or H+) were calculated from the H2/N2 ratios and the molar growth yields of nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-assimilating cultures. ATP/2e values were between 7 and 11. It was concluded that the calculated ATP/2e values comprise not only 4 mol ATP used at the transport of 2e through nitrogenase but also energy equivalents needed for reversed electron flow from NADH to the low-potential hydrogen donor used by nitrogenase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408256
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vanadium and molybdenum requirement for the fixation of molecular nitrogen by two Methanosarcina strains (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1988), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Vanadium ; Molybdenum ; Methanogenesis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Archaebacterium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen fixation of the Methanosarcina barkeri strains “Fusaro” (DSM 804) and “227” (DSM 1538) was found to be dependent on the presence of vanadium or molybdenum whereby molybdenum (added as Na2-molybdate) was preferred to vanadium (added as VCl3). Strain “227” showed less pronounced effects on diazotrophic growth with respect to vanadium and molybdenum. Rhenium (ReCl3) or tungsten (Na2-tungstate) could not replace vanadium or molybdenum. The optimum concentrations were found to be 2μM for vanadium and 5μM for molybdenum (strain “Fusaro”). This Mo optimum of methanogenesis was 10-fold higher with N2 than with NH4Cl as nitrogen source. A vanadium requirement with NH4Cl could not be detected. No interferences were observed if molybdenum and vanadium were added simultaneously under diazotrophic conditions. Growth yields were smallest for strain “227” grown diazotrophically ( $$Y_{CH_3 OH}$$ =0.6g dw/mol in the presence of vanadium and $$Y_{CH_3 OH}$$ =0.9g dw/mol in the presence of molybdenum), obviously higher for strain “Fusaro” grown diazotrophically ( $$Y_{CH_3 OH}$$ =1.15g dw/mol in the presence of V and $$Y_{CH_3 OH}$$ =1.4g dw/mol with Mo) and highest if M. barkeri was grown on NH4Cl as N-source ( $$Y_{CH_3 OH}$$ =3.4g dw/mol with Mo, strain “Fusaro”).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444667
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of nitrate by bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the soybean root nodule (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 174 (1988), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Bacteroid ; Bradyrhizobium ; Glycine (N2 fixation) ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrite reductase ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacteroids of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain CB1809, unlike CC705, do not have a high level of constitutive nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.7.99.4) in the soybean (Glycine max. Merr.) nodule. Ex planta both strains have a high activity of NR when cultured on 5 mM nitrate at 2% O2 (v/v). Nitrite reductase (NiR) was active in cultured cells of bradyrhizobia, but activity with succinate as electron donor was not detected in freshly-isolated bacteroids. A low activity was measured with reduced methyl viologen. When bacteroids of CC705 were incubated with nitrate there was a rapid production of nitrite which resulted in repression of NR. Subsequently when NiR was induced, nitrite was utilized and NR activity recovered. Nitrate reductase was induced in bacteroids of strain CB1809 when they were incubated in-vitro with nitrate or nitrite. Increase in NR activity was prevented by rifampicin (10 μg· ml-1) or chloramphenicol (50 μg·ml-1). Nitrite-reductase activity in bacteroids of strain CB1809 was induced in parallel with NR. When nitrate was supplied to soybeans nodulated with strain CC705, nitrite was detected in nodule extracts prepared in aqueous media and it accumulated during storage (1°C) and on further incubation at 25°C. Nitrite was not detected in nodule extracts prepared in ethanol. Thus nitrite accumulation in nodule tissue appears to occur only after maceration and although bacteroids of some strains of B. japonicum have a high level of a constitutive NR, they do not appear to reduce nitrate in the nodule because this anion does not gain access to the bacteroid zone. Soybeans nodulated with strains CC705 and CB1809 were equally sensitive to nitrate inhibition of N2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394873
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organ regulated expression of the Parasponia andersonii haemoglobin gene in transgenic tobacco plants (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 214 (1988), S. 68-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Haemoglobin ; Nitrogen fixation ; Gene expression ; Plant transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plant haemoglobin genes are known to occur in legume and non-legume families and in both nodulating (e.g. Parasponia andersonii) and non-nodulating species (e.g. Trema tomentosa). Their presence in non-nodulating plants raises the possibility that haemoglobins might serve a function in non-symbiotic tissues distinct from their role in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules induced by micro-organisms. We report here that a P. andersonii haemoglobin promoter can regulate expression of either the P. andersonii haemoglobin gene, or a hybrid construct with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat), in the nonsymbiotic plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Expression is predominantly in the roots, implying that haemoglobins might have a function in roots of non-nodulated plants. We have also observed a low level of haemoglobin protein in non-nodulated P. andersonii roots, but not leaves, supporting this assertion. The expression in transgenic plants will allow further characterization of the promoter sequences essential for the organ-specific expression of haemoglobins in nonsymbiotic tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340181
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conservation of nif sequences in Frankia (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Alnus ; Symbiosis ; nifH nucleotide sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Southern blots of Frankia total DNAs were hybridized with nifHDK probes from Rhizobium meliloti, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Frankia strain Arl3. Differences between strains were noted in the size of the hybridizing restriction fragments. These differences were more pronounced among Elaeagnus-compatible strains than among Alnus- or Casuarina-compatible strains. Gene banks constructed for Frankia strains EUN1f, HRN18a, CeD and ACoN24d were used to isolate nif-hybridizing restriction fragments for subsequent mapping and comparisons. The nifH zone had the highest sequence conservation and the nifH and nifD genes were found to be contiguous. The complete nucleotide sequence of the nifH open reading frame (ORF) from Frankia strain Arl3 is 861 bp in length and encodes a polypeptide of 287 amino acids. Comparisons of these nucleic acid and amino acid sequences with other published nifH sequences suggest that Frankia is most similar to Anabaena and Azotobacter spp. and K. pneunoniae and least similar to the Gram-positive Clostridium pasteurianum and to the archaebacterium Methanococcus voltae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339587
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic characterization and sequence analysis of the duplicated nifA/nifB gene region of Rhodobacter capsulatus (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 212 (1988), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Rhodobacter capsulatus ; Nitrogen fixation ; nifA/nifB duplication ; Deletion analysis ; DNA sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A DNA region showing homology to Klebsiella pneumoniae nifA and nifB is duplicated in Rhodobacter capsulatus. The two copies of this region are called nifA/nifB copy I and nifA/nifB copy II. Deletion mutagenesis demonstrated that either of the two copies is sufficient for growth in nitrogen-free medium. In contrast, a double deletion mutant turned out to be deficient in nitrogen fixation. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 4838 bp fragment containing nifA/nifB copy I was determined. Two open reading frames coding for a 59653 (NifA) and a 49453 (NifB) dalton protein could be detected. Comparison of the amino acid sequences revealed that the R. capsulatus nifA and nifB gene products are more closely related to the NifA and NifB proteins of Rhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum than to those of K. pneumoniae. A rho-independent termination signal and a typical nif promoter region containing a putative NifA binding site and a consensus nif promoter are located within the region between the R. capsulatus nifA and nifB genes. The nifB sequence is followed by an open reading frame (ORF1) coding for a 27721 dalton protein in nifA/nifB copy I. DNA sequence analysis of nifA/nifB copy II showed that both copies differ in the DNA region downstream of nifB and in the noncoding sequence in front of nifA. All other regions compared, i.e. the 5′ part of nifA, the intergenic region and the 3′ part of nifB, are identical in both copies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322441
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of nodX, a gene that allows Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strain TOM to nodulate Afghanistan peas (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 212 (1988), S. 531-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Gene regulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; nod genes ; Peas ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Gene(s) conferring the ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strain TOM to nodulate primitive peas (cultivar Afghanistan) had been located in a 2.0 kb region of its sym plasmid, pRL5JI. In this DNA, a single open reading frame of 1101 bp, corresponding to a gene, nodX was found. nodX is downstream of nodJ which is present in strain TOM and also in the sym plasmid of a typical strain of this biovar. nodX specifies a hydrophobic protein (of Mr 41 036) with no clear similarity to other proteins in data bases. Mutations in nodX abolished nodulation of Afghanistan peas but not nodulation of commercial peas. nodX-lacZ fusions were used to show that transcription of nodX was activated by root exudates from both commercial and Afghanistan peas and by defined flavonoids. Exudate from Afghanistan peas activated nod genes of typical strains of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae which fail to nodulate these peas; thus, their failure to nodulate these primitive peas is not due to a lack of activation of their nod genes by exudate from Afghanistan peas. A homologue of nodX exists in R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii (which nodulates clover) but not in typical strains of R. leguminosarum biovar viciae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330860
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the fixABC region of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 and identification of a new nitrogen fixation gene (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 214 (1988), S. 496-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Azorhizobium caulinodans ; Nitrogen fixation ; fixABC gene ; nifO ; Nitrogenase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The fast growing strain, Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571, isolated from stem nodules of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata, can grow in the free-living state at the expense of molecular nitrogen. Five point mutants impaired in nitrogen fixation in the free-living state have been complemented by a plasmid containing the cloned fix-ABC region of strain ORS571. Genetic analysis of the mutants showed that one was impaired in fixC, one in fixA and the three others in a new gene, located upstream from fixA and designated nifO. Site-directed Tn5 mutagenesis was performed to obtain Tn5 insertions in fixB and fixC. The four genes are required for nitrogen fixation both in the free-living state and under symbiotic conditions. The nucleotide sequence of nifO was established. The gene is transcribed independently of fixA and does not correspond to fixX, recently identified in Rhizobium meliloti and R. leguminosarum. Biochemical analysis of the five point mutants showed that they synthesized normal amounts of nitrogenase components. It is unlikely that fixA, fixC and nifO are involved in electron transport to nitrogenase. FixC could be required for the formation of a functional nitrogenase component 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330486
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the Klebsiella pneumoniae glnB gene: Nucleotide sequence of wild-type and mutant alleles (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 215 (1988), S. 134-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: glnB ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Nitrogen control ; Glutamine synthetase ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The glnB gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which encodes the nitrogen regulation protein PII has been cloned and sequenced. The gene encodes a 12429 dalton polypeptide and is highly homologous to the Escherichia coli glnB gene. The sequences of a glnB mutation which causes glutamine auxotrophy and of a Tn5 induced Gln+ suppressor of this mutation were also determined. The glutamine auxotrophy was deduced to be the result of a modification of the uridylylation site of PII and the suppression was shown to be caused by Tn5 insertion in glnB. The 3′ end of an open reading frame of unknown function was identified upstream of glnB and may be part of an operon containing glnB. Potential homologues of glnB encoding polypeptides extremely similar in sequence to PII were identified upstream of published sequences of the glutamine synthetase structural gene (glnA) in Rhizobium leguminosarum, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331314
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Global Positioning System-Techniques Applied to Geodesy and Surveying (1988)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 1589480406)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Textbook of geodesy
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen-fixing stem nodules on Aeschynomene afraspera (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Stem nodulation ; Aeschynomene afraspera ; Legume ; Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction assay (ARA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Aeschynomene afraspera is a wild annual legume growing in periodically waterlogged soils in western Africa. This legume is characterized by a profuse stem nodulation. Nodules are formed on the stem at the emergence of lateral root primordia, called nodulation sites. These sites are irregularly distributed on vertical rows all along the stem and branches. Stem nodules are hemispherically shaped. Their outside is dark green and they contain a red-pigmented central zone. Stem nodules exhibit a high nitrogen-fixing potential. Acetylene reduction assays result in stem nodule activity of 309 μmol C2H4 g−1 dry nodule h−1. Field-grown stem nodulated Aeschynomene accumulated more N (51 g N m−2 in 10 weeks) than the root nodulated one. Because of this nitrogenfixing potential and its ability to grow in waterlogged conditions, A. afraspera could probably be introduced into tropical rice cropping systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280352
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of inoculum rate on the performance of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Rhizobium strains in the field (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Inoculation ; Inoculum dose ; Nitrogen fixation ; Chickpea ; Rhizobium spp. ; Cicer arietinum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of three inoculum rates on the performance of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Rhizobium strains was examined in the field on a Mollisol soil. Increasing amounts of inoculum improved the performance of the strains. A normal dose (104 cells per seed) applied at different intervals gave non-significant increases in nodulation, nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay), nitrogen uptake and grain yield. A ten-fold increase in inoculum increased nodule number, shoot dry weight, nitrogenase activity (ARA) and grain yield, but increases over the control were significant only for nodule dry weight and nitrogen uptake by shoot and grain. The highest level of inoculum (100 × normal) significantly increased nodule dry weight, grain yield, total nitrogenase activity (ARA) and nitrogen uptake by shoot and grain. Strain TAL 620 was more effective than the other two. Combined nitrogen (60 kg N ha−1) suppressed nodulation and nitrogenase activity (ARA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264351
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield response of spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum and T. turgidum) to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense under field conditions (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; T. turgidum ; Nitrogen fixation ; Field inoculation ; Acetylene reduction assay (ARA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Eight commercial Israeli spring wheat cultivars (six Triticum aestivum and two T. turgidum) grown with 40 and 120 kg N/ha were tested for responses to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. At the low level of N fertilization (40 kg/ha), five cultivars showed significant increases in plant dry weight measured at the milky ripe stage; however, by maturation only the cultivar “Miriam” showed a significant increase in grain yield. Two cultivars, which had shown a positive inoculation effect at the earlier stages, had a significant decrease in grain yield. No significant effect of inoculation was found at the high N level. To confirm those results, four wheat (T. aestivum) cultivars were tested separately over 4 years in 4 different locations under varying N levels. Only Miriam showed a consistently positive effect of Azospirillum inoculation on grain yield. Inoculation increased the number of roots per plant on Miriam compared with uninoculated plants. This effect was found at all N levels. Nutrient (N, P and K) accumulation and number of fertile tillers per unit area were also enhanced by Azospirillum, but these parameters were greatly affected by the level of applied N. It is suggested that the positive response of the spring wheat cultivar “Miriam” to Azospirillum inoculation is due to its capacity to escape water stresses at the end of the growth season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280347
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation and balance studies of rice soil (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; N-balance studies ; Azolla ; Blue-green algae ; Chemical N fertilization ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A nitrogen balance study conducted in ceramic pots under net house conditions for four seasons showed that flooded rice soil leaves a positive nitrogen balance (N increase) in soil after rice cropping in both fertilized and unfertilized soil. Recovery of nitrogen from rice soil was more than its input in unfertilized soil, but it was reverse in fertilized soil. Incorporation of Azolla or BGA twice as basal and 20 days after transplanting (DAT) alone or in combination showed higher nitrogen balance and N2-fixation (N gain) in soil than in that where it was applied once either as basal or 20 DAT. Planted soil showed more N2-fixation than that of fallow rice, and flooded soil fixed more nitrogen in comparison to non-flooded soil in light but less in dark. Soil exposed to light fixed more nitrogen than that of unexposed soil in both flooded and non-flooded conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280345
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of root exudation of rice seedlings by Azospirillum strains: carbon budget under gnotobiotic conditions (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 4 (1987), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizosphere ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root exudates ; Soil bacteria ; Carbon budget ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The association of rice seedlings (cv. Delta) with different strains of Azospirillum was studied under monoxenic conditions in the dark. Axenic 3-day-old seedlings were obtained on a C- and N-free medium and inoculated with 6 · 107 bacteria per plant in a closed vial. Seven days later, different components of a carbon budget were evaluated on them and on sterile controls: respired CO2, carbon of shoot and roots, bacterial and soluble carbon in the medium. Two strains (A. lipoferum 4B and A. brasilense A95) isolated from the rhizosphere of rice caused an increase in exudation, + 36% and + 17% respectively compared with sterile control. Shoot carbon incorporation and respiration were reduced by inoculation. A third strain (A. brasilense R07) caused no significant change in exudation. A. lipoferum B7C isolated from maize did not stimulate rice exudation either. We further investigated a possible effect of nitrogen fixation on this phenomenon: inhibition of nitrogen fixation by 10% C2H2 did not modify the extent of C exudation by rice associated with A. lipoferum 4B or with the non-motile A. lipoferum 4T.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280344
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of nitrogen fixation, soil nitrate, and defoliation on the growth, alkaloids, and nitrogen levels of Lupinus succulentus (Fabaceae) (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 74 (1987), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Lupinus succulentus ; Fabaceae ; Lupine ; Quinolizidine alkaloids ; Nitrogen fixation ; Defoliation ; Plant-herbivore interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We examined the effects of nitrogen nutrition and defoliation on the alkaloids, nitrogen levels, and growth of Lupinus succulentus by growing plants under five nitrogen/defoliation treatments: 1) fertilization with a high-nitrate nutrient solution, 2) fertilization with a low-nitrate solution, 3) inoculation with N-fixing bacteria but without available soil nitrogen, 4) high-nitrate solution plus periodic partial defoliation, and 5) low-nitrate plus defoliation. In the absence of defoliation, plants from both the N-fixing and high-N treatments had higher concentrations of alkaloids and nitrogen, and higher growth rates than the low-N plants. Periodic defoliation had little effect on the high-N plants, but defoliated N-fixing plants were severely stunted and had lower alkaloid and nitrogen levels. The experimental treatments also affected the relative concentrations of the alkaloids. Our results indicate that 1) alkaloid composition and concentration in L. succulentus are determined by both nitrogen availability and developmental state, 2) plants relying solely on N-fixation respond quite differently to defoliation than those with adequate soil nitrogen, and 3) the food value of the plant tissue can be affected by an interaction between the effects of defoliation and nitrogen status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378940
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New types of acetate-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing Desulfobacter species, D. hydrogenophilus sp. nov., D. latus sp. nov., and D. curvatus sp. nov. (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 148 (1987), S. 286-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Sulfate-reducing bacteria ; Desulfobacter species ; Acetate ; Hydrogen ; Autotrophic growth ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sulfate-reducing bacteria with oval to rod-shaped cells (strains AcRS1, AcRS2) and vibrio-shaped cells (strains AcRM3, AcRM4, AcRM5) differing by size were isolated from anaerobic marine sediment with acetate as the only electron donor. A vibrio-shaped type (strain AcKo) was also isolated from freshwater sediment. Two strains (AcRS1, AcRM3) used ethanol and pyruvate in addition to acetate, and one strain (AcRS1) grew autotrophically with H2, sulfate and CO2. Higher fatty acids or lactate were never utilized. All isolates were able to grow in ammonia-free medium in the presence of N2. Nitrogenase activity under such conditions was demonstrated by the acetylene reduction test. The facultatively lithoautotrophic strain (AcRS1), a strain (AcRS2) with unusually large cells (2×5 μm), and a vibrio-shaped strain (AcRM3) are described as new Desulfobacter species, D. hydrogenophilus, D. latus, and D. curvatus, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456706
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The calcium requirement for functional vesicle development and nitrogen fixation by Frankia strains EAN1pec and CpI1 (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 149 (1987), S. 24-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Calcium ; Vesicle development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A calcium requirement was shown for both vesicle development and nitrogenase activity by Frankia strains EAN1pec and CpI1. Washing cells with EGTA or EDTA inhibited both vesicle development and nitrogenase activity. The inhibition of both was reversed by the addition of calcium. A variety of agents known to affect calcium-dependent biological processes, such as a Ca-ATPase inhibitor, Ca-channel blockers, Ca-ionophores, calmodulin antagonists and the local anaesthetics, tetracaine and dibucaine, inhibited nitrogenase activity. Respiratory studies showed that a CN-insensitive respiration process occurred only under nitrogen derepressing conditions. Respiration by NH4Cl-grown cells was completely inhibited by KCN while N2-grown cells were inhibited by only 70%. Removal of calcium ions by EGTA or by the addition of dibucaine or tetracaine blocked the CN-insensitive respiration. This CN-insensitive respiration may be involved in protecting nitrogenase inside the vesicles from oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423131
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative physiology of nitrogenase activity and vesicle development for Frankia strains CpI1, ACN1 ag , EAN1pec and EUN1f (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 147 (1987), S. 383-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Vesicle development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between nitrogen fixation and development of a specialized cell structure, called the vesicle, was studied using four Frankia isolates. Nitrogenase activity was repressed in all four strains during growth with ammonia. Strain CpI1 formed no vesicles during NH4 growth. Strains ACN1 ag , EAN1pec and EUN1f produced low numbers of vesicles in the presence of ammonia. Following transfer to nitrogen-free media, a parallel increase in nitrogenase activity and vesicle numbers occurred with all four isolates. Appearance of nitrogenase activity was more rapid in those strains that possessed some vesicles at the time of shift to N2 as a nitrogen source. The ratio of vesicle numbers to level of nitrogenase activity varied widely among the four strains and in response to different growth conditions and culture age of the individual strains. Optimum conditions of temperature, carbon and energy source, nitrogen source and availability of iron and molybdenum were different for each of the four strains. Those conditions that significantly reduced nitrogenase activity were always associated with decreased numbers of vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406137
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of nitrogenase in vesicles of Frankia sp. Cc1.17 by immunogoldlabelling on ultrathin cryosections (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1987), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Actinomycetes ; Nitrogen fixation ; Symbiosis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultracryotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immunogoldlabelling on ultrathin cryosections of Frankia sp. Cc1.17 showed specific labelling of nitrogenase in the spherical cells called vesicles. No label was found in the hyphae in any cells grown on a medium with combined nitrogen, nor in those to which no specific antiserum was added. Similar results were obtained with cultures grown under high (20%) and low (2%) oxygen tension in the gas phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410930
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between hydrogen metabolism, sulfate reduction and nitrogen fixation in sulfate reducers (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1987), S. 383-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Sulfate-reducing bacteria ; Hydrogen metabolism ; Nitrogen fixation ; Deuterium-proton exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Hydrogenase and nitrogenase activities of sulfate-reducing bacteria allow their adaptation to different nutritional habits even under adverse conditions. These exceptional capabilities of adaptation are important factors in the understanding of their predominant role in problems related to anaerobic metal corrosion. Although the D2−H+ exchange reaction indicated thatDesulfovibrio desulfuricans strain Berre-Sol andDesulfovibrio gigas hydrogenases were reversible, the predominant activity in vivo was hydrogen uptake. Hydrogen production was restricted to some particular conditions such as sulfate or nitrogen starvation. Under diazotrophic conditions, a transient hydrogen evolution was followed by uptake when dinitrogen was effectively fixed. In contrast, hydrogen evolution proceeded when acetylene was substituted as the nitrogenase substrate. Hydrogen can thus serve as an electron donor in sulfate reduction and nitrogen metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569336
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular compartmentation of ureide biogenesis in root nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 172 (1987), S. 162-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Peroxisome ; Root nodules ; Ureide biogenesis ; Uricase ; Vigna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) nodules have been investigated by means of cytochemical and immunocytochemical procedures at the ultrastructural level in order to assess the role of the uninfected cells in ureide biogenesis. Uricase activity in the nodules was shown by cytochemical methods to be localized exclusively in the numberous large peroxisomes confined to the uninfected cells; the small peroxisomes in the infected cells did not stain for uricase. Uricase was also localized in the peroxisomes of uninfected cells by immunogold techniques employing polyclonal antibodies against nodule-specific uricase of soybean. There was no labeling above background of any structures in the infected cells. The results indicate that the uninfected cells are essential for ureide biogenesis in cowpea. Although tubular endoplasmic reticulum, the presumptive site of allantoinase, increases greatly in the uninfected cells during nodule development, it virtually disappears as the nodules mature. The inconsistency between the disappearance of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum from older nodules and the high allantoinase activity reported for older plants remains to be explained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394584
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Azotobacter chroococcum, an enzyme important in aerobic nitrogen fixation (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 208 (1987), S. 481-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: PEP carboxylase ; Azotobacter chroococcum ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Azotobacter chroococcum Fos 189 is a Tn1-induced mutant which, unlike the parent strain MCD1, does not fix nitrogen in air when provided with glucose or pyruvate as sole carbon sources. Fos 189 showed 5% of parental activity for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase though PEP synthetase activity was normal. The A. chroococcum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppc) gene was isolated after complementation of an appropriate Escherichia coli mutant using a broad host range gene bank prepared from A. chroococcum genomic DNA. The gene was localised by transposon mutagenesis and subcloning on a minimum DNA fragment of 6.6 kb. Broad host range plasmids containing the A. chroococcum ppc gene complemented the mutation in Fos 189 thereby restoring aerotolerant nitrogen fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328143
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of nifE-, nifN- and nifS-like genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 207 (1987), S. 503-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Nif genes ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodule symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The 17 kb region between the Bradyrhizobium japonicum nitrogenase genes (nifDK and nifH) was investigated for the presence of further nif or fix genes by site-directed insertion or deletion/replacement mutagenesis and interspecies hybridization. Mutant strains were tested for their ability to reduce acetylene in free-living, microaerobic culture (Nif phenotype) and in soybean root nodules (Fix phenotype). The presence of a gene, previously identified by hybridization with the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifB gene, was proved by isolation of a nifB insertion mutant which was completely Nif- and Fix-. Three other regions were found to be homologous to the K. pneumoniae genes nifE, nifN, and nifS, NifE and nifN insertion mutants were completely Nif-/Fix- whereas nifS mutants were leaky with 30% residual Fix activity. Taken together, the data show that the B. japonicum genome harbours a cluster of closely adjacent genes which are directly concerned with nitrogenase function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331622
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and characterization of nifA and ntrC genes of the stem nodulating bacterium ORS571, the nitrogen fixing symbiont of Sesbania rostrata: Regulation of nitrogen fixation (nif) genes in the free living versus symbiotic state (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 206 (1987), S. 207-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Azorhizobium sesbaniae ORS571 ; Nitrogen fixation ; Regulation ; Tn5 mutagenesis ; lacZ fusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cosmid bank of ORS571, a diazotrophic bacterium capable of inducing aerial stem and root nodules on Sesbania rostrata, was constructed in the vector pLAFR1. A DNA probe carrying the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifA gene was used to identify nifA-and ntrC-like regions of ORS571 in the cosmid bank by colony hybridization. Cosmids carrying these regions were mapped by restriction endonuclease analysis, Southern blotting and transposon Tn5 mutagenesis. Selected Tn5 insertion mutations in the nifA/ntrC homologous regions were used for gene-replacement experiments and the resulting ORS571 mutants were examined for Nif, Fix and Ntr phenotypes. Two clearly distinct regulatory loci were thus identified and named nifA and ntrC. Plasmids carrying gene fusions of the ORS571 nifH and nifD genes to lacZ were constructed and the regulation of the ORS571 nifHDK promoter, and of the Rhizobium meliloti nifHDK promoter, was studied under varying physiological conditions in ORS571, ORS571 nifA::Tn5 and ORS571 nitrC::Tn5 strains. A model for the role of nifA and ntrC in the regulation of ORS571 nif and other nitrogen assimilation genes is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333576
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of two classes of Rhizobium phaseoli genes required for melanin synthesis, one of which is required for nitrogen fixation and activates the transcription of the other (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 207 (1987), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Gene regulation ; Melanin synthesis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phaseolus beans ; Rhizobium phaseoli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The symbiotic plasmid pRP2JI of Rhizobium phaseoli strain 8002 was shown to contain two separate regions of DNA which are required and sufficient for the synthesis of the pigment melanin. One of these regions containing the class II mel gene(s) was located to other genes involved in nodulation and in nitrogen fixation. Mutations in this region abolished both the ability to synthesize melanin and to fix nitrogen in Phaseolus bean root nodules. Mutations in the other, unlinked region, containing class I mel gene(s), also abolished melanin synthesis but did not affect symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Transcriptional fusions between the class I mel gene and the Escherichia coli lacZ gene were constructed and it was demonstrated that the class II mel gene(s) activated their transcription in free-living culture. Further, strains containing the cloned regulatory class II gene(s) synthesized melanin when growing in minimal medium, in contrast to wild-type strains which became pigmented only in complete medium containing yeast extract and tryptone. It was shown by hybridization experiments that the regulatory mel gene was closely linked to or may correspond to the regulatory nifA gene; a fragment of R. phaseoli DNA which included the class II gene(s) of R. phaseoli hybridized to a previously identified nifA-like gene of R. leguminosarum, the species that nodulates peas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331503
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation and regeneration of the legume Lotus corniculatus: A system for molecular studies of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 207 (1987), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; Plant transformation ; Transgenic legumes ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A procedure for transformation and regeneration of the legume species Lotus corniculatus (Bird's-foot trefoil) has been developed. The Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 and 8196 strains were used to transform plant cells in wound site infections and transformed roots were propagated in vitro. Transformation was monitored by hybridization with pRi T-DNA sequences and by detection of agropine and mannopine. Transformation frequencies of up to 90% were obtained. Shoots spontaneously formed on hairy root cultures were excised, rooted and inoculated with Rhizobium. Root nodules formed on transformed plants had nitrogenase activities comparable to untransformed nodules. Transcript levels from the nodule-specific leghemoglobin genes and the constitutive ubiquitin genes were similar in transformed and untransformed root nodules. Transformed plants responded to R. loti and Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) strains with phenotypes identical to phenotypes for untransformed plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331585
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and cloning of nodulation genes from the stem-nodulating bacterium ORS571 (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 206 (1987), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Stem nodulation ; Tn5 mutagenesis ; nod genes ; nodC homology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary After random Tn5 mutagenesis of the stem-nodulating Sesbania rostrata symbiont strain ORS571, Nif-, Fix- and Nod- mutants were isolated. The Nif- mutants had lost both free-living and symbiotic N2 fixation capacity. The Fix- mutants normally fixed N2 in the free-living state but induced ineffective nodules on S. rostrata. They were defective in functions exclusively required for symbiotic N2 fixation. A further analysis of the Nod- mutants allowed the identification of two nod loci. A Tn5 insertion in nod locus 1 completely abolished both root and stem nodulation capacity. Root hair curling, which is an initial event in S. rostrata root nodulation, was no longer observed. A 400 bp region showing weak homology to the nodC gene of Rhizobium meliloti was located 1.5 kb away from this nod Tn5 insertion. A Tn5 insertion in nod locus 2 caused the loss of stem and root nodulation capacity but root hair curling still occurred. The physical maps of a 20.5 kb DNA region of nod locus 1 and of a 40 kb DNA region of nod locus 2 showed no overlaps. The two nod loci are not closely linked to nif locus 1, containing the structural genes for the nitrogenase complex (Elmerich et al. 1982).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333587
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transposon-induced symbiotic mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum: Isolation of two gene regions essential for nodulation (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 207 (1987), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Transposon Tn5 ; Mutants ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two strains of the soybean endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum, USDA 110 and 61 A101 C, were mutagenized with transposon Tn5. After plant infection tests of a total of 6,926 kanamycin and streptomycin resistant transconjugants, 25 mutants were identified that are defective in nodule formation (Nod-) or nitrogen fixation (Fix-). Seven Nod- mutants were isolated from strain USDA 110 and from strain 61 A101 C, 4 Nod- mutants and 14 Fix- mutants were identified. Subsequent auxotrophic tests on these symbiotically defective mutants identified 4 His- Nod- mutants of USDA 110. Genomic Southern analysis of the 25 mutants revealed that each of them carried a single copy of Tn5 integrated in the genome. Three 61 A101 C Fix- mutants were found to have vector DNA co-integrated along with Tn5 in the genome. Two independent DNA regions flanking Tn5 were cloned from the three nonauxotrophic Nod- mutants and one His-Nod- mutant of USDA 110. Homogenotization of the cloned fragments into wild-type strain USDA 110 and subsequent nodulation assay of the resulting homogenotes confirmed that the Tn5 insertion was responsible for the Nod- phenotype. Partial EcoR1 restriction enzyme maps around the Tn5 insertion sites were generated. Hybridization of these cloned regions to the previously cloned nod regions of R. meliloti and nif and nod regions of B. japonicum USDA 110 showed no homology, suggesting that these regions represent new symbiotic clusters of B. japonicum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331485
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Klebsiella pneumoniae nif-lac fusions are expressed in Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 206 (1987), S. 460-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Nitrogen fixation ; Gene fusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plasmids containing hybrid genes, in which different Klebsiella pneumoniae nif (nitrogen-fixation) promoters were fused with the structural part of the Escherichia coli lac operon, were introduced into a double auxotrophic derivative of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58. A study of their expression in the new host was made simple by the inherent inability of A. tumefaciens C58 to produce β-galactosidase unless provided with the wild-type lac operon of E. coli. As shown by quantitative measurements of the enzyme, all K. pneumoniae promoters were expressed well in A. tumefaciens C58, even under conditions known to repress them. It also has been shown that the activity of K. pneumoniae nif A is essential for the expression of nifHDK even when introduced into A. tumefaciens. After entering the new host the plasmids, the nif genes and the fusion alleles contained in them, remained stable. Possible mechanisms responsible for the constitutive behaviour of nif promoters in A. tumefaciens are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428886
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of psi, a gene on the symbiotic plasmid of Rhizobium phaseoli which inhibits exopolysaccharide synthesis and nodulation and demonstration that its transcription is inhibited by psr, another gene on the symbiotic plasmid (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 207 (1987), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Beans ; DNA Sequence ; Gene regulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A gene termed psi (polysaccharide inhibition), located close to the nodulation genes of the Rhizobium phaseoli symbiotic plasmid pRP2JI inhibited exopolysaccharide synthesis (EPS) and nodulation ability (Nod) in Rhizobium when it was cloned in a multicopy plasmid. The sequence of psi showed that it specified a polypeptide of mol. wt. 10000 that may be associated with the membrane of Rhizobium. A second gene, psr (polysaccharide restoration), was located on pRP2JI. When cloned in multicopy plasmids, psr overcame the EPS and Nod defects in strains carrying multicopy psi. Strains with multicopy psr induced non-fixing nodules on Phaseolus beans. Using gene fusions between psi and lacZ, it was shown that psi inhibited transcription of psr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331502
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and genetic analysis of the nifHDKE region of Rhizobium ORS571 (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 207 (1987), S. 280-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nif products ; Tn5 mutagenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Deletions and Tn5 insertions were obtained in a cloned 10 kb BamHI-BglII fragment carrying the nifHDKE region of Rhizobium ORS571 and were recombined into the host genome. Genetic analysis of the mutants, comparison of polypeptides synthesized under conditions of repression and depression of N2 fixation, and biochemical complementation of crude extracts were performed. All Nif- mutants were also Fix-. Three transcription units were identified, nifHDK, nifE and a new nif locus adjacent to nifE; no nif locus was found in the immediate vicinity upstream of nifH. Fifteen polypeptides synthesized under conditions of N2 fixation were characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Ten of them are likely to be nif products and polypeptides encoded by nifH, nifD, nifK and tentatively nifE were identified. Physiological and biochemical evidence for the functioning of the second copy of nifH is reported. Nitrogenase component 2 synthesized by this copy could not be differentiated from component 2 synthesized in the wild-type strain. When the function of nifH copy 1 was abolished, the amount of component 2 synthesized was about 30% of that synthesized in the wild-type strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331590
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct response of Bradyrhizobium japonicum nifA-mediated nif gene regulation to cellular oxygen status (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 209 (1987), S. 621-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; nifA gene ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oxygen control ; Transcriptional control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nifA genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bradyrhizobium japonicum were constitutively expressed from the pBR329-derived chloramphenicol resistance promoter. The inserts of these nifA plasmid constructs were devoid of any other intact flanking genes. The nifA genes thus expressed led to a marked activation of a B. japonicum nifD-lacZ fusion under microaerobic conditions. Under aerobic growth conditions, however, activation was mediated only by the K. pneumoniae nifA gene but not by the B. japonicum nifA gene. This selective effect was observed in both the Escherichia coli as well as the B. japonicum backgrounds. Several lines of evidence suggest that in these experiments oxygen adversely affects B. japonicum nifA-dependent nif gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level, probably even at the post-translational level, and that this effect does not require a nifL-like gene. Models are proposed in which oxygen inhibits the B. japonicum NifA protein either directly or indirectly via other cellular components involved in general protein oxidation pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331174
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total and CO-reactive heme content of actinorhizal nodules and the roots of some non-nodulated plants (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 100 (1987), S. 225-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhizae ; Alnus ; Casuarina ; Frankia ; Hemoglobin ; Myrica ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The concentration of total and CO-reactive heme was measured in actinorhizal nodules from six different genera. This gave the upper limit to hemoglobin concentration in these nodules. Quantitative extraction of CO-reactive heme was achieved under anaerobic conditions in a buffer equilibrated with CO and containing Triton X-100. The concentration of CO-reactive heme in nodules of Casuarina and Myrica was approximately half of that found in legume nodules, whereas in Comptonia, Alnus and Ceanothus the concentrations of heme were about 10 times lower than in legume nodules. There was no detectable CO-reactive heme in Datisca nodules, but low concentrations were detected in roots of all non-nodulating plants examined, includingZea mays. Difference spectra of CO treated minus dithionite-reduced extracts displayed similar wavelengths of maximal and minimal light absorption for all extracts, and were consistent with those of a hemoglobin. The concentration of CO-reactive heme was not correlated to the degree to which CO inhibited nitrogenase activity nor was it affected by reducing the oxygen concentration in the rooting zone. However, there was a positive correlation between heme concentration and suberization or lignification of the walls of infected host cells. These observations demonstrate that, unlike legume nodules, high concentrations of heme or hemoglobin are not needed for active nitrogen fixation in most actinorhizal nodules. Nonetheless, a significant amount of CO-reactive heme is found in the nodules of Alnus, Comptonia, and Ceanothus, and in the roots ofZea mays. The identity and function of this heme is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370943
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism and translocation of fixed nitrogen in the nodulated legume (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 100 (1987), S. 157-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Legume ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodule ; Translocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen (N2) fixed by Rhizobium bacteroids in the legume nodule is excreted as ammonia to the surrounding host cell where it is efficiently assimilated into the amide group of glutamine. Generally glutamine is a minor exported solute of nitrogen, being further metabolised to asparagine in temperate species and to the ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid in tropical species. These solutes serve as the principal translocated forms of nitrogen in xylem. Compartmentalisation of the pathways of nitrogen metabolism and the role of ammonia in regulation of their activity is examined in nodules of both asparagine-forming (Lupinus albus L.) and ureide-forming (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) symbioses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370939
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen cycling in an Antarctic ecosystem 2. Estimation of the amount of nitrogen fixation in a moss community on East Ongul Island (1987)
    Springer
    Ecological research 2 (1987), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Antarctica ; Cyanobacteria ; Moss community ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria in a moss community on East Ongul Island (69°00'S 39°35'E), Antarctica was investigated using the acetylene reduction method. The mean acetylene reduction rate at 10°C and 200 μE·m−2·s−1 photosynthetically active radiation was 7.12 nmol C2H4 per square centimeter of moss community per hour. The effects of temperature, radiation, desiccation and rehydration on the acetylene reduction rates were examined. A simple predictive model was constructed in order to estimate the amount of nitrogen fixed in the field. Using this model, the daily amount of nitrogen fixation was calculated from microclimatic data (temperature and radiation) measured in the experimental field at Syowa Station on East Ongul Island between 1983 and 1984. The cumulative amount of nitrogen fixation in the growing season during this period was estimated to be 329 mg N per square meter of moss community. It is suggested that nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria in the moss community is important as a nitrogen source for the community growth on East Ongul Island.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348617
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field measurement of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in an established lucerne ley using15N and an acetylene reduction method (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 97 (1987), S. 93-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Lucerne ; Medicago sativa ; 15N methodology ; Nitrogen fixation ; Quantitative estimation ; Seasonal pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Lucerne is an important forage legume in the south and south-east of Sweden on well-drained soils. However, data is lacking on the apparent amount of nitrogen derived through N2 fixation by field-grown lucerne. This report provides basic information on the subject. The experiment was performed in a lucerne ley grown 40 km north of Uppsala. The input of nitrogen through fixation to the above-ground plant material of an established lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) ley was estimate by15N methodology during two successive years. The amount of fixed N was 242 kg N ha−1 in 1982 and 319 kg N ha−1 in 1983. The proportion of N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) was 70% and 80% for the two years respectively. The first harvest in both years contained a lower proportion fixed N. Both N2 fixation and dry matter production were enhanced during the second year, particularly in the first harvest. The Ndfa was 61% in the first harvest in 1982, compared to 72% Ndfa during the same period in 1983. This demonstrates the strong influence of environment on both dry matter production and N2 fixation capacity of the lucerne. In addition anin situ acetylene reduction assay was used in 1982 to measure the seasonal distribution of the N2 fixation and in 1983 to study the effect of soil moisture on the N2 fixation process. The seasonal pattern showed great dependence on physiological development and harvest pattern of the lucerne ley. The maximum rate of N2 fixation occurred at the bud or early flower stage of growth and was followed by a rapid decline as flowering proceeded. After harvest the nitrogenase activity markedly decreased and remained low during at least two weeks until regrowth of new shoots began. Irrigation doubled the nitrogenase activity of the lucerne in late summer 1983, when soil moisture content in the top soil was near wilting point. No changes in nitrogenase activity did occur in response to watering earlier during the summer, when the soil matric potential was around −0.30 MPa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02149828
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of delayed soil and foliar N fertilization on yield and N2 fixation of soybean (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 97 (1987), S. 361-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Foliar fertilization ; Fertilizer uptake efficiency ; Late fertilization ; Nitrogen-15 ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen translocation ; Soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the amount, time and method of fertilizer N application on the efficiency of N uptake, N2 fixatio and yield of soybean. Soil and foliar fertilizer N, applied during the pod-filling stage were absorbed by plants with equal and high efficiency, compared to an appreciably lower utilization efficiency for N applied before seedling emergence. These results reveal that the soybean roots were active in N uptake during these late stages of growth. Nitrogen fertilization during pod-filling resulted in significant yield increases over the control treatment which received an early application of 20 Kg N/ha. Seed yield increases were, however, more pronounced than total dry matter yield, and virtually all of the late-applied N was translocated into the pods. Nitrogen fixation in soybean was not influenced by the application of 40 kg N/ha to plants as soil or foliar N during the pod-filling stage. However, 80 kg N/ha supplied during pod-filling as 40 kg soil plus 40 kg foliar N/ha significantly reduced the amount of N2 fixed. The results obtained in these studies suggest that inadequate N supply during pod-filling limited soybean yields, and that by the judicious application of fertilizer N during the late stages of growth, it was possible to enhance soybean yields without necessarily inhibiting N2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383226
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Azolla as a test organism in a growth chamber of simple design (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 99 (1987), S. 219-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azolla ; Blue green alga ; Evapo-transpiratio chamber ; Humidity ; Light condition ; Nitrogen fixation ; Plant environment ; Symbiotic system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The construction and application of a new type of growth chamber, in which different growth conditionsi.e.: temperature, humidity, pH, light intensity, light colour, change in nutrient composition and gas exchange can easily be controlled, are presented. The method has previously been applied to twoAzolla speciesviz. Azolla filiculoides, which is cold tolerant andAzolla pinnata (distinguished in Vietnam as the form Xanh), which is heat tolerant. In the growth chamber natural growth conditions of the Azolla —Anabaena azollae symbiotic association were imitated as much as possible. For testing the system, methods discussed earlier8,14 and some previously presented data, concerning photosynthetic activities, such as oxygen evolution and nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) of twoAzolla species39, were partially used. Biomass ofA. filiculoides was measured and reactions to its environment at conditions when grown in the field and in the growth chamber, were studied. Growth and photosynthesis measurements were performed under special light conditions and with whole plants grown under laboratory conditions. Anthocyanin synthesis was studied in relation with humidity. Anthocyanin spectra were analyzed by means of a spectrum-deconvolution method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370869
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-evolution of the legume-Rhizobium association (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 100 (1987), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Co-evolution ; Gene pool ; Nitrogen fixation ; Pisum sativum L. ; Rhizobium leguminosarum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A number of examples is given demonstrating the co-existence of pea genotypes and their specific Rhizobium, strains isolated within the same region.R. leguminosarum strains compatible with the cultivated pea have a narrow symbiotic range and they are widely distributed in European soils. This is presumably due to the narrow genetic base of the cultivated pea and its wide-spread cultivation in European soils. Rhizobium strains capable of nodulating a primitive pea line from Afghanistan were only found in soils of the Middle East and Central Asia. A more restricted distribution of specific Rhizobium strains was found for fulvum peas from Israel. Rhizobium strains effective with the fulvum pea were found in Israeli soils. A good example of co-evolution due to geographical isolation was found in south Turkey. Here a pea line was found which can form an effective symbiosis with local Rhizobium strains but not with strains from other parts of Turkey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370940
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endophyte transmission and activity in the Anabaena-Azolla association (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 100 (1987), S. 183-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Anabaena azollae ; Azolla ; Desiccation ; Macrosporocarps ; Microsporocarps ; Nitrogen fixation ; Sexual reproduction ; Survival Azolla
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The survival of Azolla was studied in an artificial system which simulated the soil/water interface and the desiccation of soil during a fallow period in lowland rice culture. Tests with non-sporulating and sporulating Azolla fronds showed that Azolla only survives with sporulated fronds. At their reappearance the Azolla fronds already harboured the Anabaena endophyte. A detailed light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic study of macro- and micros-porocarp formation and development revealed that the endophyte is transmitted by the macrosporocarps and not by the microsporocarps. The Anabaena cells within the macrosporocarps are found just below the indusium cap. These cells are not nitrogen-fixing akinetes. The free-living Anabaena cells at the stem apex and below the overarching developing leaves do not bear heterocysts and accordingly are non nitrogen-fixing. During the development of the leaf the Anabaena enters the leaf cavity, but later the pore of this, cavity closes and the imprisoned cyanobacteria are lysed before the leaf decays. As the Azolla leaves age a nitrogen-fixing capability is successively built up concomittantly with the production of heterocysts. Heterocyst frequencies of 40–50% can be found inAnabaena azollae. Usually a gradient of nitrogen-fixing capacity occurs along the Azolla rhizome with two distinct peaks at leaf number 7/8 and at leaf number 13/14 from the apex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370941
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species variation in the fixation and transfer of nitrogen from legumes to associated grasses (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 98 (1987), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alfalfa ; Birdsfoot trefoil ; Bromegrass ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen transfer ; Orchardgrass ; Red clover ; Red fescue ; Tall fescue ; Timothy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three legume species (alfalfa, red clover, and birdsfoot trefoil) in combination with five grass species (timothy, bromegrass, red fescue, tall fescue, and orchardgrass) were used to study N transfer in mixtures, using the 15N dilution technique. The advantage of grass-legume mixtures was apparent. Total herbage and protein yields of grasses in mixtures were higher than those alone, especially at the later cuts. This benefit of mixed cropping is mainly due to N transfer from legumes to associated grasses. N2-fixation and N transfer by alfalfa rated highest, red clover intermediate, and birdsfoot trefoil lowest. The importance of each pathway of N transfer from legumes appeared to differ between species. Alfalfa and red clover excreted more N than trefoil, while the latter contributed more N from decomposition of dead nodule and root tissue. The greatest advantage from a grass-legume mixture, with respect to the utilization of N released from the legume, varied with early maturing tall fescue (Kentucky 31), orchardgrass (Juno), and bromegrass (Tempo), to intermediate timothy (Climax), and least with late maturing red fescue (Carlawn).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374830
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen-fixing (acetylene-reducing) bacteria associated with ectomycorrhizae of Douglas-fir (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 98 (1987), S. 425-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Diazotrophs ; Ectomycorrhizae ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogenase activity, measured by acetylene reduction, was detected on nursery-grown, surface-sterilized ectomycorrhizae of Douglas-fir, formed withLaccaria laccata, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Rhizopogon vinicolor, andThelephora sp. Detached mycorrhizae were incubated in nitrogen-free liquid medium under microaerophilic conditions. Nitrogenase activity was attributed toClostridium spp. andAzospirillum spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02378363
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodulation, nitrogen fixation and nitrogen uptake in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) of different maturity groups (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 99 (1987), S. 255-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cajanus cajan ; Maturity groups ; Nitrogenase activity ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen uptake ; Nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The seasonal patterns of nodulation, acetylene reduction, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fixation were studies for 11 pigeonpea cultivars belonging to different maturity groups grown on an Alfisol at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India. In all cultivars the nodule number and mass increased to a maximum around 60–80 days after sowing and then declined. The nodule number and mass of medium- and late-maturing cultivars was greater than that of early-maturing cultivars. The nitrogenase activity per plant increased to 60 days after sowing and declined thereafter, with little activity at 100 days when the crop was flowering. At later stages of plant growth nodules formed down to 90 cm below the soil surface but those at greater depth appeared less active than those near the surface. All the 11 cultivars continued to accumulate dry matter until 140 days, with most biomass production by the late-maturing cultivars (up to 11 t ha−1) and least by the early-maturing determinate cultivars (4 t ha−1). Total nitrogen uptake ranged from 69 to 134 kg ha−1. Nitrogen fixation by pigeonpea was estimated as the difference in total nitrogen uptake between pigeonpea and sorghum and could amount to 69 kg N ha−1 per season, or half the total nitrogen uptake. Fixation by pigeonpea increased with crop duration, but there were differences within each maturity group. The limitations of the methods used for estimating N2 fixation by pigeonpea are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370872
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of nodulation and nitrogen fixation of alder on the purplish soils in China (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 99 (1987), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alder ; Actinomyces ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Purplish soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The alder has a perennial nodule cluster. The nodule amount on the roots increases with tree age. The N2-fixing activity of nodules decreases with nodule age. Purple coloured soils with various soil pHs and CaCO3 contents are, in the main, the ones which influence nodulation and N2-fixing. Higher N2-fixing capacity existed in the neutral and low calcium soils. High calcium soils and acid soils can restrain nodulation and the N2-fixing rate significantly. On the slope, where calcarous light loams are found, the annual nitrogen fixation capacity of alder and cypress mixed plantations, less than 10 years old, is 16 or 17 kg/ha yr, but in the valley, a pure alder plantation can reach 40 kg/ha yr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370875
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 99 (1987), S. 435-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cowpea ; Effective nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodule growth ; Plant age ; Rhizobium strain ; Vigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Rhizobium strains CIAT 301, CIAT 79 and SLM 602 were tested and found effective in the nodulation and nitrogen fixation of cowpea cv. MI-35 (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) plants in growth chamber experiments. Fresh weight of nodules increased with plant age initially and stabilized in 20–30 days from planting, followed by a secondary flush of nodule growth after 30 days. Apparent nitrogen fixation per gram nodule fresh weight reached a maximum in 20–30 days after planting and then decreased, even though a flush of new nodules was produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370888
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indigenous plasmids and cultural characteristics of rhizobia nodulating chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1986), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum ; nif Genes ; Plasmids ; Rhizobia ; DNA/DNA hybridization ; Nitrogen fixation ; Chickpeas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined 27 strains of chickpea rhizobia from different geographic origins for indigenous plasmids, location and organization of nitrogen fixation (nif) genes, and cultural properties currently used to separate fast- and slow-growing groups of rhizobia. By using an in-well lysis and electrophoresis procedure one to three plasmids of molecular weights ranging from 35 to higher than 380 Mdal were demonstrated in each of 19 strains, whereas no plasmids were detected in the eight remaining strains. Nitrogenase structural genes homologous to Rhizobium meliloti nifHD, were not detected in plasmids of 26 out of the 27 strains tested. Hybridization of EcoRI digested total DNA from these 26 strains to the nif probe from R. meliloti indicated that the organization of nifHD genes was highly conserved in chickpea rhizobia. The only exception was strain IC-72 M which harboured a plasmid of 140 Mdal with homology to the R. meliloti nif DNA and exhibited also a unique organization of nifHD genes. The chickpea rhizobia strains showed a wide variation of growth rates (generation times ranged from 4.0 to 14.5 h) in yeast extract-mannitol medium but appear to be relatively homogeneous in terms of acid production in this medium and acid reaction in litmus milk. Although strains with fast and slow growth rates were identified, DNA/DNA hybridization experiments using a nifHD-specific probe, and the cultural properties examined so far do not support the separation of chickpea rhizobia into two distinct groups of the classical fast- and slow-growing types of rhizobia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403223
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of nitrogen fixation in Chlorobium (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1986), S. 330-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Phototrophic bacteria ; Green sulfur bacteria ; Chtorobium ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four strains of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium were studied in respect to nitrogen nutrition and nitrogen fixation. All strains grew on ammonia, N2, or glutamine as sole nitrogen sources; certain strains also grew on other amino acids. Acetylene-reducing activity was detectable in all strains grown on N2 or on amino acids (except for glutamine). In N2 grown Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum strain 8327 1 mM ammonia served to “switch-off” nitrogenase activity, but the effect of ammonia was much less dramatic in glutamate or limiting ammonia grown cells. The glutamine synthetase inhibitor methionine sulfoximine inhibited ammonia “switch-off” in all but one strain. Cell extracts of glutamate grown strain 8327 reduced acetylene and required Mg2+ and dithionite, but not Mn2+, for activity. Partially purified preparations of Rhodospirillum rubrum nitrogenase reductase (iron protein) activating enzyme slightly stimulated acetylene reduction in extracts of strain 8327, but no evidence for an indigenous Chlorobium activating enzyme was obtained. The results suggest that certain Chlorobium strains are fairly versatile in their nitrogen nutrition and that at least in vivo, nitrogenase activity in green bacteria is controlled by ammonia in a fashion similar to that described in nonsulfur purple bacteria and in Chromatium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412798
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symbiotically defective histidine auxotrophs of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 334-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Transposon mutagenesis ; Soybean ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules ; Auxotrophy ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Glycine ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four histidine auxotrophs of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 122 were isolated by random transposon Tn5 mutagenesis. These mutants arose from different, single transposition events as shown by the comparison of EcoRI and XhoI-generated Tn5 flanking sequences of genomic DNA. The mutants grew on minimal medium supplemented with l-histidine or l-histidinol but failed to grow with l-histidinol phosphate. While two of the muants were symbiotically defective and did not form nodules on Glycine max cvs. Lee and Peking and on Glycine soja, the other two mutants were symbiotically competent. Reversion to prototrophy occurred at a frequency of about 10-7 on growth medium without added antibiotics, but prototrophs could not be isolated from growth medium containing 200 μg/ml kanamycin and streptomycin. The prototrophic revertants formed nodules on all the soybean cultivars examined. When histidine was supplied to the plant growth medium, both nodulation deficient mutants formed effective symbioses. On histidine unamended plants, nodules were observed infrequently. Three classes of bacterial colonies were isolated from such infrequent nodules: class 1 were kanamycin resistant-auxotrophs; class 2 were kanamycin sensitive-prototrophs; and class 3 were kanamycin-sensitive auxotrophs. Our results suggest that two Tn5 insertion mutations in B. japonicum leading to histidine auxotrophy, affect nodulation in some way. These mutations are in regions that show no homology to the Rhizobium meliloti common nodulation genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409881
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation in strains ofAzotobacter chroococcum bearing deletions of a cluster of genes coding for nitrogenase (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1986), S. 74-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Azotobacter chroococcum ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenase genes ; Nif gene reiteration ; Deletion mutagenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Strains of the obligately aerobic nitrogen fixing organismAzotobacter chroococcum were constructed which contained defined chromosomal deletions in which the nitrogenase structural genenifHDK cluster (nifH for the polypeptide of the Fe-protein component of nitrogenase andnifD andnifK for the alpha and beta subunits respectively of the MoFe-protein component of the enzyme) was replaced by a kanamycin resistance gene. N2 fixation was nevertheless observed in deletion strains though only in a molybdenum-deficient medium or in spontaneously arising tungstate-resistant derivatives. In comparison with the parent strain growing in molybdenum-sufficient medium, diazotrophic growth was slow and the nitrogenase activity in vivo was characterised by disproportionately low rates of C2H2-reduction compared to H2-evolution and relative insensitivity of H2-evolution to inhibition by C2H2. The findings show reiteration of functional structural genes for nitrogenase inA. chroococcum consistent with our previous observation of twonifH genes in this organism and detection in this work of a secondnifK-like sequence in the genomes of both parent and deletion strains whenA. chroococcum nifK DNA was used as a probe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690162
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some properties of arctic rhizobia (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1986), S. 12-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Arctic rhizobia ; Arctic legumes ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Forty-eight strains of Rhizobium isolated from the root nodules of three species of legumes indigenous to the high tundra (Astragalus alpinus, Oxytropis maydelliana andOxytropis arctobia) are phenotypically heterogenous with respect to intrinsic antibiotic resistance, expression of nitrogenase activityex planta and plasmid content. All of the strains possess a 250–300 kb plasmid and are homologous to each other on the genomic DNA level but have little DNA homology with selected reference strains of well characterized species of rhizobia. The arctic rhizobia have an optimum growth temperature of 23°C and can grow slowly at 5°C. The DNA from four of the isolates, which were selected for detailed investigation, have sequences homologous tonif andnod genes fromRhizobium trifolii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690151
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutants defective in root-nodule bacteroid development and nitrogen fixation (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Electron microscopy ; Mutants ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Soybean ; Symbiosis ; Transposon Tn5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genome of the slow-growing Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain 110) was mutagenized with transposon Tn5. A total of 1623 kanamycin/streptomycin resistant derivatives were screened in soybean infection tests for nodulation (Nod) and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Fix). In this report we describe 14 strains possessing a stable, reproducible Nod+Fix- phenotype. These strains were also grown under microaerobic culture conditions to test them for free-living nitrogen fixation activity (Nif). In addition to strains having reduced Fix and Nif activities, there were also strains that had reduced symbiotic Fix activity but were Nif+ ex planta. Analysis of the genomic structure revealed that the majority of the strains had a single Tn5 insertion without any further apparent physical alteration. A few strains had additional insertions (by Tn5 or IS50), or a deletion, or had cointegrated part of the vector used for Tn5 mutagenesis. One of the insertions was found in a known nif gene (nifD) whereas all other mutations seem to affect different, hitherto unknown genes or operons. Several mutant strains had an altered nodulation phenotype, inducing numerous, small, widely distributed nodules. Light and electron microscopy revealed that most of these mutants were defective in different stages of bacteroid development and/or bacteroid persistence. The protein patterns of the mutants were inspected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after labelling microaerobic cultures with l-(35S)methionine. Of particular interest were mutants lacking a group of proteins the synthesis of which was known to be under oxygen control. Such strains can be regarded as potential regulatory mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409885
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inorganic nitrogen metabolism in two cellulose-degrading clostridia (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 145 (1986), S. 159-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Clostridium cellobioparum ; Clostridium thermocellum ; Ammonium assimilation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Inorganic nitrogen metabolism in two cellulose degrading clostridia, the mesophile Clostridium cellobioparum and the thermophile Clostridium thermocellum was investigated. Both strains show acetylene reduction (i.e. possibly nitrogenase activity), contain glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate-dependent transaminases. C. cellobioparum additionally contains a NADH-dependent glutamate synthase and a NH 4 + -repressible glycine dehydrogenase (NADPH). Remarkably, acetylene reduction in C. thermocellum is not repressed by ammonium, casting doubt whether this activity is due to nitrogenase. The results are compared with the data from other saccharolytic clostridia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446774
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of cyanobacterial heterocysts with high and sustained dinitrogen-fixation capacity supported by endogenous reductants (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 145 (1986), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Heterocyst isolation ; Osmoregulators ; Cyanobacteria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Anabaena variabilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for the preparation of cyanobacterial heterocysts with high nitrogen-fixation (acetylene-reduction) activity supported by endogenous reductants. The starting material was Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 grown in the light in the presence of fructose. Heterocysts produced from such cyanobacteria were more active than those from photoautotrophically-grown A. variabilis, presumably because higher reserves of carbohydrate were stored within the heterocysts. It proved important to avoid subjecting the cyanobacteria to low temperatures under aerobic conditions, as inhibition of respiration appeared to lead to inactivation of nitrogenase. Low temperatures were not harmful in the absence of O2. A number of potential osmoregulators at various concentrations were tested for use in heterocyst isolation. The optimal concentration (0.2M sucrose) proved to be a compromise between adequate osmotic protection for isolated heterocysts and avoidance of inhibition of nitrogenase by high osmotic strength. Isolated heterocysts without added reductants such as H2 had about half the nitrogen-fixation activity expected on the basis of intact filaments. H2 did not increase the rate of acetylene reduction, suggesting that the supply of reductant from heterocyst metabolism did not limit nitrogen fixation under these conditions. Such heterocysts had linear rates of acetylene reduction for at least 2 h, and retained their full potential for at least 12 h when stored at 0°C under N2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443652
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of alkene-utilizing Xanthobacter spp. (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 145 (1986), S. 403-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Propene ; 1-Butene ; Xanthobacter ; Mono-oxygenase ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Yellow-pigmented bacteria showing typical characteristics of Xanthobacter spp. were isolated from enrichments with propene and 1-butene, using classical techniques. The generation time for growth on propene and 1-butene of these bacteria ranged from 5 to 7h. A NADH-dependent mono-oxygenase was identified in cell-free extract of Xanthobacter Py2. This mono-oxygenase was not influenced by potential inhibitors tested indicating that propene mono-oxygenase is different from other hydrocarbon mono-oxygenases described until now. Nitrogenase activity could be measured using the acetylene reduction assay with propene as energy source, because acetylene did not inhibit the mono-oxygenase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470879
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylene reduction, H2 evolution and 15N2 fixation in the Alnus incana-Frankia symbiosis (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 167 (1986), S. 382-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acetylene/nitrogen molar ratio ; Alnus-Frankia symbiosis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Acetylene reduction, 15N2 reduction and H2 evolution were measured in root systems of intact plants of grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) in symbiosis with Frankia. The ratios of C2H2: 15N2 were compared with C2H2:N2 ratios calculated from C2H2 reduction and H2 evolution, and with C2H2:N2 ratios calculated from accumulated C2H4 production and nitrogen content. It was possible to calculate C2H2:N2 ratios from C2H2 reduction and H2 evolution because this source of Frankia did not show any hydrogenase activity. The ratios obtained using the different methods ranged from 2.72 to 4.42, but these values were not significantly different. It was also shown that enriched 15N could be detected in the shoot after a 1-h incubation of the root-system. It is concluded that the measurement of H2 evolution in combination with C2H2 reduction represents a nondestructive assay for nitrogen fixation in a Frankia symbiosis which shows no detectable hydrogenase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391343
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between alfalfa cultivars and Rhizobium strains for nitrogen Fixation (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1986), S. 724-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Alfalfa cultivars ; Rhizobium strains ; Acetylene reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to study the interaction between alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L. and M. falcata L.) and strains of Rhizobium meliloti Dang. for acetylene reduction rate, plant height and dry weights of shoot, root and whole plant. Fifteen alfalfa cultivars were inoculated with 10 strains of Rhizobium in Experiment I. Variance component analysis revealed that more than 30% of the total variance was due to alfalfa cultivars for acetylene reduction rate and 26% was accounted for by Rhizobium strains. More than 36% of the total variation was attributed to the interaction between alfalfa cultivars and Rhizobium strains for this character. Twenty-five host cultivars and 11 Rhizobium strains were included in Experiment II. The results also showed that the interaction of alfalfa cultivars and Rhizobium strains contributed the largest portion of the total variation for dry weights of shoot, root and whole plant and acetylene reduction rate. The results clearly demonstrated that the non-additive effects were the major component of variation for these characters associated with nitrogen fixation in alfalfa. Therefore, an effective way of improving nitrogen fixation in alfalfa is to select for a favourable combination of specific Rhizobium strains and alfalfa cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263270
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary structure and expression of a gene homologous to nifH (nitrogenase Fe protein) from the archaebacterium Methanococcus voltae (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 203 (1986), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Archaebacteria ; Methanococcus voltae ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenase ; Fe protein gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In Methanococcus voltae, a 3.0 kbp HindIII fragment carrying homology to nifH was recently cloned. In Escherichia coli maxicells, the fragment directed the synthesis of a 30 K polypeptide encoded by the region homologous to nifH. Plasmids carrying the fragment did not complement Klebsiella pneumoniae nifH mutants and did not inhibit the nitrogen fixation of a Nif+ strain. The complete nucleotide sequence of the nifH homologous region was determined. It contained an open reading frame (ORFnifH) of 834 bp encoding 278 amino acid residues (mol. wt. 30,362). The ORFnifH was surrounded by regions of very high A+T content as observed with other mc. voltae genes. The region upstream from ORFnifH contained potential prokaryotic-like promoters and a potential ribosome binding site located 5 bp preceding the translation initiation codon. Using a translational fusion to lacZ of a DNA fragment carrying the putative promoter region and the 5′ end of ORFnifH, it was shown in E. coli that (i) a promoter activity was effectively carried by the cloned fragment and (ii) this activity was not significantly modified by the presence of nifA or ntrC products provided by multicopy plasmids. Though the codon usage was characteristic of Mc. voltae, ORFnifH was very similar to eubacterial nifH genes, in particular the position of the cysteine residues was highly conserved. These data confirmed the high conservation of nifH sequences. SAB values (binary matching coefficients) of 0.5 were found with eubacterial nifH genes at the nucleotide or amino acid level suggesting that the mc. voltae ORFnifH sequence was distantly related to eubacterial nifH sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330379
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nifHDK genes are contiguous with a nifA-like regulatory gene in Rhodobacter capsulatus (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 442-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Rhodobacter capsulatus ; Nitrogen fixation ; Regulation ; nifA-like gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 15.2 kb DNA fragment was isolated from Rhodobacter capsulatus (ex. Rhodopseudomonas capsulata), which was able to complement mutations both in a nifA-like regulatory gene and in the nifH gene. Physical mapping of this fragment revealed that the nifA-like gene was adjacent to, and downstream from, the nifHDK operon. Hybridization experiments were carried out using a cloned Klebsiella pneumoniae DNA fragment containing nifA and the flanking portions of nifB and nifL. This fragment failed to hybridize with a 2.15 kb HindIII fragment of R. capsulatus DNA containing the nifA-like gene, but hybridized instead with a 2.6 kb EcoRI fragment adjacent to the nifA-like gene. The homologous region was found to be located within the K. pneumoniae nifB gene. The adjacent 2.6 kb and 2.15 kb fragments also hybridized with each other, indicating the presence of repeated sequences in this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338080
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of the nifLA operon of Klebsiella oxytoca NG13 and characterization of the gene products (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; nifL ; nifA ; Klebsiella oxytoca ; DNA sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The complete nucleotide sequence of the regulatory operon nifLA of a nitrogen fixer Klebsiella oxytoca NG13 was determined, and the transcriptional start point was assigned by S1 mapping. The nifL protein (a repressor) was coded by an open reading frame of 1,485 bases, corresponding to a protein of 495 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 55,242. The open reading frame (1,572 bases) of the nifA protein (an activator), corresponding to a molecular weight of 58,649, was confirmed by in vitro transcription-translation experiments, using the wild type and artificially deleted nifA genes. The initiation codon (ATG) of nifA overlapped the termination condon(TGA) of nifL, sharing the two bases T and G. A conserved DNA contact point [Gln-(X)3-Ala-(X)3-Gly-(X)5-Val] common in many DNA binding proteins was found in the C-terminal region of the nifA sequence. The promoter sequences of nifLA, nifB and nifF in K. oxytoca coincided exactly with those of K. pneumoniae in the consensus regions at-12 and-26, although the overall homology in the promoter regions was 96%. Changes of four amino acids were found between the nifA coding sequences of K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430436
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of nif genes on a large plasmid in Frankia sp. strain ULQ0132105009 (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 204 (1986), S. 492-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Frankia ; Nif genes ; Nitrogen fixation ; Plasmid ; Actinorhizal symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We report that in DNA from one Frankia sp. strain at least some of the nif genes are located on a large indigenous plasmid of 190 kb. Using the cloned nitrogenase structural genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae as hybridization probes, homology was detected with a 5.6 kb EcoRI fragment from the Frankia sp. plasmid. This 5.6 kb fragment was cloned; used as a probe it hybridized to the nif K, D and H genes from Rhizobium meliloti and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The nif probes also hybridized on total DNA blots to a 10 kb EcoRI fragment that is not present on plasmid DNA, suggesting that the nif genes could be located on more than one replicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331030
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nifH, nifM and nifN genes of Azotobacter vinelandii: Characterisation by Tn5 mutagenesis and isolation from pLAFR1 gene banks (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 318-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; nif genes ; Azotobacter vinelandii ; Tn5 mutants ; Gene banks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tn5 was introduced into Azotobacter vinelandii on a suicide vector, pGS9. Three Nif- mutants were found to carry Tn5 in nifH (MV6), in nifN (MV22), and in or near nifM (MV21), from the results of hybridisation experiments. For MV21 and MV22 this was also shown by complementation with the nif genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae on pRD1. MV6 failed to synthesis the nifH, D and K gene products. MV6 and MV22 fixed nitrogen in the absence of supplied molybdenum while mutant MV21 did not, suggesting that the nifM gene product may be required for the alternative nitrogenase system synthesised in azotobacteria under conditions of molybdenum deprivation. Reconstitution experiments with mutant extracts showed that MV22 (nifN -) lacked the FeMo cofactor and that MV21 (NifM-) synthesised inactive Fe protein. These biochemical phenotypes are identical to those of the K. pneumoniae nifN and nifM mutants, respectively, demonstrating that these genes have the same function in both K. pneumoniae and A. vinelandii. Complementation of the A. vinelandii mutants with pLAFR1 gene banks of A. vinelandii or a. chroococcum yielded three cosmids of interest. pLV10 complemented UW91, a nifH mutant, and corrected the defect in MV6 after recombination with the mutant genome. It also carried nifD (but not nifK) and about 18 kb of DNA upstream from nifH. pLV1 from the A. vinelandii gene bank complemented both MV21 and MV22 as did pLC11, isolated from the A. chroococcum gene bank. Both pLV1 and pLC11 carried part of the nif cluster downstream of nifHDK which also includes nifEN and nifMVS on about 22 kb of DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430445
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors modulating differentiation of spores: Characterization of mutants defective in sporulation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum (AdS strain) (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 205 (1986), S. 372-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Anabaena doliolum ; Sporulation ; Mutants ; Nitrogen fixation ; Cell constituents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mutants of Anabaena doliolum (AdS strain) altered with respect to the time of initiation and degree of sporulation were isolated following mutagenesis with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and hydroxylamine. The non-sporulating mutant showed a high phycocyanin (Pc): chlorophyll a (chl a) ratio (ca. 7.2) as compared to sporulating strains (Pc:chl a, 4.7–5.3). Also this strain seemed to have higher RNA pools per unit of genomic material as reflected in a higher RNA:DNA ratio. The data suggest that degradaton of phycocyanin and controlled RNA synthesis are prerequisites for sporulation. Mutants exhibiting non-sporulation and delayed initiation of sporulation accumulated more nitrogen through nitrogen fixation, probably indicating nitrogenase function over an extended vegetative phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430453
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of some carbamate pesticides on nodulation, plant yield and nitrogen fixation byPisum sativum andVigna sinensis in the presence of their respective rhizobia (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 94 (1986), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cowpea ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Pea ; Pesticide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Six carbamate pesticides namely 1-naphthol, sevin, dimetilan, trematan, NaDDC and dymid were studied to see their effect on nodulation and nitrogen fixation inPisum sativum andVigna sinensis. Low concentrations of the pesticides have little effect on nodulation and nitrogen fixation, whereas higher concentrations adversely effect these processes. The results also indicate that then sensitivity depends upon the species of the Rhizobium and also the type of the pesticide. Pesticides belonging to the carbamate group differ in their capacity to affect nodulation and nitroge fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380594
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient and growth interactions in soybeans colonized withGlomus fasciculatum andRhizobium japonicum (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 92 (1986), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Mycorrhiza ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Soybean ; Symbioses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Glycine max (L. Merr. cv. Amsoy 71) plants were grown in a greenhouse in a sand/perlite medium low in plant-available N and P. Plants were either inoculated with a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus alone, a strain ofRhizobium japonicum alone, both endophytes together or were left non-inoculated to serve as a control. All combinations received a N-and P-free nutrient solution. Nodulated plants contained 4 to 5 times the phytomass of non-inoculated controls, and plants colonized with both the VAM fungus and Rhizobium were 18% greater in dry weight than nodulated, non-VAM plants due to a positive VAM times Rhizobium interaction. Nitrogen fixation, calculated from C2H4 and H2 data, was significantly higher in the tripartite symbiosis, with 80% of the increase attributable to increased nodule mass and 20% due to increases in specific nodule activity. Colonization by the VAM fungus and the development of vesicles increased significantly following nodulation. The synergistic interactions between the microsymbionts suggests that the response of the host to dual colonization is complex and depends on a balance between the three members of the symbiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372264
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation of red clover rhizobia to low temperatures (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 92 (1986), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Environmental factors ; Low temperature ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium ; Trifolium pratense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Red clover Rhizobium strains, isolated from different locations between latitudes 60° and 63°30′ N in Finland, were tested for their adaptation to low temperatures. 31 strains were tested for growth at 5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 18°C in pure culture. No strain grew at 5°C. At the other temperatures there were differences between the strains, but the same strains grew fast at all temperatures. Ten strains were investigated for nodulation and acetylene reduction in phytotrons in two different climates, one simulating the growing season in southern and the other in northern Finland. There were differences between the strains in their ability to nodulate their host plant, and northern strains showed higher nitrogenase activity than southern strains in the cold climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372266
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylene reduction in gnotobiotic cultures with rhizosphere bacteria and wheat (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 92 (1986), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Associative nitrogen fixation ; Azospirillum ; Nitrogen fixation ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Spring-wheat plant seedlings were inoculated with various isolates of nitrogen-fixing rhizosphere bacteria, includingAzospirillum brasilense, in gnotobiotic sand cultures. Bacteria which had lost their acetylene reduction activity (ARA) during purification did not regain it in the presence of the plant. Bacteria with stable ARA were stimulated to low ARA (maximum 5.6 nmol C2H4 plant−1 h−1) by young (22–32-day) wheat seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372631
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen limitations to field bean productivity: A comparison of combined nitrogen applications with Rhizobium inoculation (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 94 (1986), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Combined nitrogen ; Grain yield ; Inoculation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium leguminosarum ; Vicia faba
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen limitations to the yield of a field crop ofVicia faba have been examined. Application of nitrogen totalling 560 kg/ha increased dry matter yield at flowering by 674 kg/ha (32%) and grain yield at final harvest by 1.6 tonnes/ha (24%). Attempts to reduce nitrogen limitations by replacing the native rhizobia with strains ofRhizobium leguminosarum selected for high rates of nitrogen fixation were unsuccessful but the introduction of poor rhizobia reduced grain yield. The reasons for this and the implications of the results for crop improvement are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374350
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plow down effects of different forage legume species, cultivars, cutting strategies and seeding rates on the yields of subsequent crops (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 95 (1986), S. 419-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alfalfa ; Barley ; Corn ; Management ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen fixation ; Plow down ; Red clover ; Sweetclover ; Temperate climate ; Trefoil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Under some conditions the plow down of forage legumes increases the yield of subsequent crops, which is usually caused by improved soil N. However, better soil structure is also a contributing factor. Three experiments were conducted to measure the effect of legume plow down on the yield of subsequent corn crops grown at the Ottawa Research Station (ORS), Ottawa, Canada. In all experiments, corn yields were not affected by legume species, legume cultivars, and/or planting methods. Corn yields from barley plots receiving 0, 60, or 120 kg N ha−1 did not differ until two years after establishment in one experiment and three years in another. The data from these experiments indicated that soil N was high at the ORS, which may inhibit N2-fixation by forage legumès in the establishment year. Therefore, legume plow down was not beneficial to subsequent crops under these conditions. Two other experiments were conducted to measure the effect of legume plow down on the yield of subsequent barley crops. In both experiments, barley yields in the field were not affected by legume type or legume seeding density. Greenhouse and field data indicated that the two cuts with removal strategy benefitted the most to succeeding crops. Data from the greenhouse test indicated that soil N levels were not low in the establishment year, and that some cultivars improved soil fertility more than others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374622
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of simple phenolics for dinitrogen fixation by soil diazotrophic bacteria (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 90 (1986), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aromatic degradation ; Bacteria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phenolics ; Physiology ; Soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A microaerobic diazotrophic bacterium tentatively identified as aPseudomonas species was isolated from a forest soil. Its nitrogenase (C2H2 reduction) activity in liquid medium was significantly supported by phenolic compounds when compared with glucose-, mannitol- or malate-supported activity. The utilization of phenolics was dependent on substrate induction and the appropriate oxygen concentration. At a pO2 of 0.05 protocatechuate was a better carbon source for N2 fixation than glucose. In the case ofLignobacter protocatechuate was a better carbon source for N2 fixation than glucose at pO2 0.2 but not at pO2 0.05. It is suggested that certain monomeric phenols can support nitrogenase activities in many carbon-limited soil environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277393
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of root-associatedKlebsiella pneumoniae in the nitrogen nutrition ofPoa pratensis andTriticum aestivum as estimated by the method of15N isotope dilution (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 90 (1986), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Blue grass ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Poa pratensis ; Triticum aestivum ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen nutrition ; 15N isotope dilution ; Spring wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The technique of15N isotope dilution was used to verify that nitrogen was fixed and transferred to the plant byKlebsiella pneumoniae strain Pp in association withPoa pratensis orTriticum aestivum. Surface sterilized, sprouting seeds were inoculated withK. pneumoniae and grown in sand in modified Leonard jars. Potassium nitrate enriched with15N was used to provide N concentrations ranging from 10–40 mg Nl−1 nutrient solution. After 10–18 weeks the shoots and roots were analyzed separately for dry matter, N content, total N, and atom %15N excess. The acetylene reduction technique was used to test for the presence of N2-fixing organisms on the roots. The data from15N isotope dilution demonstrated that up to 33.8% of N in the shoots ofP. pratensis and 15.9% in those ofT. aestivum were derived from associative N2 fixation byK. pneumoniae. In most experiments the dry matter yield, N content, and total N yield of the shoots ofP. pratensis were increased byK. pneumoniae inoculation, whereas inoculation had no significant effect on the dry matter yield, N content or total N of the shoots ofT. aestivum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277401
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of biological nitrogen fixation associated withBrachiaria andPaspalum grasses using15N labelled organic matter and fertilizer (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 90 (1986), S. 265-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Brachiaria spp ; Nitrogen fixation ; 15N techniques ; Paspalum notatum ; Pasture grasses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Six pasture grasses,Paspalum notatum cv batatais,P. notatum cv pensacola,Brachiaria radicans, B. ruziziensis, B. decumbens andB. humidicola, were grown in concrete cylinders (60 cm diameter) in the field for 31 months. The soil was amended with either a single addition of15N labelled organic matter or frequent small (2 kg N. ha−1) additions of15N enriched (NH4)2SO4. In the labelled fertilizer treatment soil analysis revealed that there was a very drastic change in15N enrichment in plant-available nitrogen (NO 3 − +NH 4 + ) with depth. The different grass cultivars recovered different quantities of applied labelled N, and evidence was obtained to suggest that the roots exploited the soil to different depths thus obtaining different15N enrichments in soil derived N. This invalidated the application of the isotope dilution technique to estimate the contribution of nitrogen fixation to the grass cultivars in this treatment. In the labelled organic matter treatment the15N label in the plant-available N declined at a decreasing rate during the experiment until in the last 12 months the decrease was only from 0.274 to 0.222 atom % excess. There was little change in15N enrichment of available N with depth, hence it was concluded that although the grasses recovered different quantities of labelled N, they all obtained virtually the same15N enrichment in soil derived N. Data from the final harvests of this treatment indicated thatB. humidicola andB. decumbens obtained 30 and 40% respectively of their nitrogen from N2 fixation amounting to an input of 30 and 45 kg N.ha−1 year−1 respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277403
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...