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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Marine Microbiome (2022)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Microbiology. ; Industrial microbiology. ; Microbial ecology. ; Biochemical engineering. ; Microbiology. ; Industrial Microbiology. ; Microbial Ecology. ; Bioprocess Engineering.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: A Sea Of Microbes: What’s So Special About Marine Microbiology -- Part I: Diversity And Evolution Of Marine Microorganisms -- Chapter 2: Survival In A Sea Of Gradients: Bacterial And Archaeal Foraging In A Heterogeneous Ocean -- Chapter 3: Marine Cyanobacteria -- Chapter 4: Marine Protists: A Hitchhiker’s Guide To Their Role In The Marine Microbiome -- Chapter 5: Marine Fungi -- Chapter 6: Marine Viruses: Agents Of Chaos, Promoters Of Order -- Chapter 7: Evolutionary Genomics Of Marine Bacteria And Archaea -- Part II: Marine Habitats -- Chapter 8: Towards A Global Perspective Of The Marine Microbiome -- Chapter 9: The Pelagic Light-Dependent Microbiome -- Chapter 10: Microbial Inhabitants Of The Dark Ocean -- Chapter 11: The Subsurface And Oceanic Crust Prokaryotes -- Chapter 12: The Microbiome Of Coastal Sediments -- Chapter 13: Symbiosis In The Ocean Microbiome -- Chapter 14: Marine Extreme Habitats -- Part III: Marine Microbiome From Genomes To Phenomes: Biogeochemical Cycles, Networks, Fluxes, And Interaction -- Chapter 15: Marine Biogeochemical Cycles -- Chapter 16: A Holistic Approach For The Study Of The Role Of Microorganisms In The Marine Ecosystem -- Chapter 17: The Hidden Treasure: Marine Microbiome As Repository Of Bioactive Compounds -- Chapter 18: Ocean Restoration And The Strategic Plan Of The Marine Microbiome. .
    Abstract: This updated and expanded second edition reviews numerous aspects of the marine microbiome and its possible industrial applications. The marine microbiome is the total of microorganisms and viruses in the ocean and seas and in any connected environment, including the seafloor and marine animals and plants. In the first part of the book, diversity, origin and evolution of the marine microorganisms and viruses are discussed. The microbes presented originate from all three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The second part sheds some light on the different communities: it describes marine habitats and how their inhabitants control biogeochemical cycles. The third part finally examines the microbial ocean as a global system and evaluates methods of utilizing marine microbial resources. Adopting a translational approach, the book connects academic research with industrial applications, making it a fascinating read and valuable resource for microbiologists from both domains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 766 p. 92 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 2nd ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030903831
    Series Statement: The Microbiomes of Humans, Animals, Plants, and the Environment, 3
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90383-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-90383-1
    DDC: 579
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of nitrogen fixation among Vibrio spp. (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 224-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Vibrio ; V. diazotrophicus ; V. natriegens ; V. pelagius ; V. cincinnatiensis ; Nitrogenase ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oxygen sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Virtually all Vibrio spp. known and available in culture collections and several newly isolated Vibrio sp. were tested for their ability to fix molecular nitrogen, using the acetylene reduction technique, the fixation of the heavy isotope 15N, and by growth on media devoid of combined nitrogen. Among the 27 species tested, four, including V. diazotrophicus, proved to be nitrogenase-positive. The potential of nitrogen fixation was now also discovered in V. natriegens, V. pelagius and V. cincinnatiensis. Among the 9 newly isolated strains, 4 were nitrogenase-positive. These strains were classified as V. diazotrophicus on the basis of DNA homology studies. Nitrogenase was only induced during growth under anaerobic conditions. Dissolved oxygen as low as 1 μM inhibited nitrogenase completely. This inhibition at low oxygen concentration, however, was reversible. 50–100 μM dissolved oxygen inhibited nitrogenase irreversibly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407784
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation in the unicellular cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC7806 (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Survival ; Anaerobic metabolism ; Dark metabolism ; Glycogen ; Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway ; Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase ; Hydrogenase ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Acetate kinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC7806 fermented endogenously stored glycogen to ethanol, acetate, CO2, and H2 when incubated anaerobically in the dark. The switch from photoautotrophic to fermentative metabolism did not require de novo protein synthesis, and fermentation started immediately after cells had been transferred to dark anoxic conditions. From the molar ratios of the products and from enzyme activities in cell-free extracts, it was concluded that glucose derived from glycogen was degraded via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. In addition, CoA-dependent pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, alcohol dehydrogenase, acetate kinase, and hydrogenase were present. The specific activities of these enzymes were sufficiently high to account for the rates of product formation by cell suspensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264374
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation in the unicellular cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC7806 (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words     Survival ; Anaerobic metabolism ; Dark metabolism ; Glycogen ; Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway ; Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase ; Hydrogenase ; Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Acetate kinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract      The cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC7806 fermented endogenously stored glycogen to ethanol, acetate, CO2, and H2 when incubated anaerobically in the dark. The switch from photoautotrophic to fermentative metabolism did not require de novo protein synthesis, and fermentation started immediately after cells had been transferred to dark anoxic conditions. From the molar ratios of the products a nd from enzyme activities in cell-free extracts, it was concluded that glucose derived from glycogen was degraded via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. In addition, CoA-dependent pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, alcohol dehydrogenase, acetate kinase, and hydrogenase were present. The specific activities of these enzymes were sufficiently high to account for the rates of product formation by cell suspensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogenase activity in the non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. grown under alternating light-dark cycles (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Oscillatoria ; Cyanobacteria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Light-dark cycles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. strain 23 fixes nitrogen under aerobic conditions. If nitrate-grown cultures were transferred to a medium free of combined nitrogen, nitrogenase was induced within about 1 day. The acetylene reduction showed a diurnal variation under conditions of continuous light. Maximum rates of acetylene reduction steadily increased during 8 successive days. When grown under alternating light-dark cycles, Oscillatoria sp. fixes nitrogen preferably in the dark period. For dark periods longer than 8 h, nitrogenase activity is only present during the dark period. For dark periods of 8 h and less, however, nitrogenase activity appears before the beginning of the dark period. This is most pronounced in cultures grown in a 20 h light – 4 h dark cycle. In that case, nitrogenase activity appears 3–4 h before the beginning of the dark period. According to the light-dark regime applied, nitrogenase activity was observed during 8–11 h. Oscillatoria sp. grown under 16 h light and 8 h dark cycle, also induced nitrogenase at the usual point of time, when suddenly transferred to conditions of continuous light. The activity appeared exactly at the point of time where the dark period used to begin. No nitrogenase activity was observed when chloramphenicol was added to the cultures 3 h before the onset of the dark period. This observation indicated that for each cycle, de novo nitrogenase synthesis is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414770
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen protection of nitrogenase in the aerobically nitrogen fixing, non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Oscillatoria ; Cyanobacteria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oxygen protection of N2-ase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oscillatoria sp. strain 23 is a filamentous, non-heterocystous cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen aerobically. Although, in this organism nitrogenase is inactivated by oxygen a high tolerance is observed. Up to a pO2 of 0.15 atm, oxygen does not have any measurable effects on acetylene reduction. Higher concentrations of oxygen inhibited the activity to a relatively high degree. Evidence for two mechanisms of oxygen protection of nitrogenase in this cyanobacterium was obtained. A high rate of synthesis of nitrogenase may allow the organism to maintain a certain amount of active enzyme under aerobic conditions. Secondly, a switch off/on mechanism may reversibly convert the active enzyme into a non-active form which is insensitive to oxygen inactivation after a sudden and short-term exposure to high oxygen concentrations. It is conceived that these mechanisms in addition to a temporal separation of nitrogen fixation from oxygenic photosynthesis sufficiently explain the regulation process of aerobic nitrogen fixation in this organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414771
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between nitrogen fixation and oxegenic photosynthesis in a marine cyanobacterial mat (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 74 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyanobacterial mats developed on fine sandy sediments of the upper littoral of the island of Mellum (North Sea). Freshly colonized sediment was dominated by the non-heterocystous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Oscillatoria limosa. Well established mats in which the cosmopolitan cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes was the dominant organism also usually contained O. limosa as a minor component. This mat was about 1 mm thick and contained high biomass. Photosynthesis was maximal at about 150 μm depth and reached values of 280 μmol oxygen. 1−1 ? min−1. On the other hand, in the dark, high respiratory activity turned the mat anaerobic within minutes. Freshly colonized sediment consisted of low cyanobacterial biomass loosely attached to the sand grains and present up to a depth of 2.5 mm. Respiratory activity was low and the sediment remained aerobic to a depth of 2 mm throughout the night. Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) was measured during 24-h periods in both types of mats in order to elucidate interactions with oxygenic photosynthesis and oxygen concentration. Acetylene reduction in the mats showed very different diurnal patterns which depended on the type of mat investigated and the time of year. The results indicated that a temporary separation of oxygenic photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation occurred in the mat. Established mats fixed nitrogen predominantly during the transition from dark to light and vice versa, when oxygenic photosynthesis was reduced or absent. Freshly colonized sediment-fixed nitrogen throughout the night but often a stimulation was seen at dawn. The latter showed much higher specific activities than the established type. Also in spring, specific activities were much higher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04052.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-molecular mass carbohydrate accumulation in cyanobacteria from a marine microbial mat in response to salt (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 45 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Forty seven strains of cyanobacteria, all isolated from microbial mats of intertidal sediments of the island of Mellum (North Sea), were analyzed for the presence of organic osmotica. The cyanobacteria examined belonged to taxonomically different groups and were classified according to their salt optimum and salt tolerance as either freshwater, brackish or marine. Except betaine, all organic osmotica known to occur in cyanobacteria, were found. The results showed no clear correlation between the chemical nature of the organic solute and the salt optimum or salt tolerance of the cyanobacteria examined, indicating that these solutes are not specific to this marine habitat. All strains belonging to the Nostoc/Anabea-group accumulated sucrose as the sole organic osmoticum. The marine, heterocystous Calothrix sp. accumulated trehalose. All strains of the LPP-group (Lyngbya, Plectonema, Phormidium) accumulated glucosylglycerol as sole or primary organic solute. Some LPP-strains accumulated a disaccharide as a secundary solute, e.g. sucrose or trehalose. Gloeocapsa, Synechocystis and Spirulina accumulated glucosylglycerol. Two marine Oscillatoria accumulated trehalose, whereas a freshwater Oscillatoria with a broad salinity tolerance, accumulated sucrose.Analysis of field samples of the microbial mats demonstrated the presence of glycerol, glucosylglycerol, sucrose and trehalose. The relative abundance of the different compounds was related to the species composition as could be predicted from laboratory observations. These data suggest that these carbohydrates have a function in maintaining osmotic balance in the organisms within the microbial mat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02381.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and development of a benthic marine microbial mat (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 31 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vertically stratified microbial communities of phototrophic bacteria in the upper intertidal zones of the North Sea island of Mellum were investigated. Growth and population dynamics of the cyanobacterial mat were followed over three successive years. It was concluded that the initial colonization of the sandy sediments was by the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria. In well-established mats, however, the dominant organism was Microcoleus chthonoplastes. The observed succession of cyanobacteria during mat development is correlated with nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation is necessary in this low-nutrient environment to ensure colonization by mat-constructing cyanobacteria. Under certain conditions, a red layer of purple sulfur bacteria developed underneath the cyanobacterial mat in which Chromatium and Thiocapsa spp. dominated, but Thiopedia and Ectothiorhodospira spp. have also been observed. Measurements of light penetrating the cyanobacterial mat indicated that sufficient light is available for the photosynthetic growth of purple sulfur bacteria. Profiles of oxygen, sulfide and redox potential within the microbial mat were measured using microelectrodes. Maximum oxygen concentrations, measured at a depth of 0.7 mm, reached levels more than twice the normal air saturation. Dissolved sulfide was not detected by the microelectrodes. Determination of acid-distilled sulfide, however, revealed appreciable amounts of bound sulfide in the mat. Redox profiles measured in the mat led to the conclusion that the upper 10 mm of the sedimentary sequence is in a relatively oxidized state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01138.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactate dehydrogenase in the cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC7806 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 127 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cyanobacterium Microcystis PCC7806 was found to possess an NAD-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) which catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to l-lactate. The enzyme required fructose 1,6-bisphosphate for activity and displayed positive cooperativity towards pyruvate. Lactate was not formed during fermentation by cell suspensions, possibly due to low intracellular concentrations of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and/or pyruvate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07448.x
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