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  • Immunohistochemistry  (85)
  • Springer  (85)
  • 1995-1999  (72)
  • 1980-1984  (13)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1995  (72)
  • 1981  (13)
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  • 1995-1999  (72)
  • 1980-1984  (13)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peptidergic innervation of leg muscles of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), and a possible role in modulation of muscle contraction (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 425-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): FaRPs ; FMRFamide Nervous system Skeletal muscle ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract FMRFamide-related peptides of insects are particularly important because of their possible function as neurohormones and neuromodulators on a wide variety of tissues. Part of this study was an investigation of the immunofluorescent staining of motor nerves which arise in the metathoracic ganglion, examined in wholemount using an antiserum that recognizes extended -RFamide peptides (generally recognized to be of the FMRFamide family). This antiserum revealed immunochemical staining of numerous cell bodies in the metathoracic ganglion and of axons in peripheral nerve 5, a large nerve which contains both motor and sensory fibres. Axons staining positive for FMRFamide-related peptides were traced in nerve 5 as far as the femur-tibia joint, and into the first (sensory-motor) and third (motor only) ramus of nerve 5. Reverse-phase HPLC with radioimmunoassay revealed a peak of FMRFamide-related peptide activity in nerve 5 that was coincident with a peak found when thoracic ganglia were processed in the same fashion. A physiological assay was devised to test the ability of various non-native peptides to alter the characteristics of contraction of skeletal muscles of the legs. Using neurally evoked contractions of coxal depressor muscles of the metathoracic leg it was determined that several non-native peptides could potentiate muscle contractions. The results of this study suggest that muscles of the legs receive innervation by identifiable, FMRFamide-related peptide-containing neurons and that the release of peptide(s) at the muscle may be yet another method of modulating the mechanics of muscle contraction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219067
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Octopaminergic neurons in the locust brain: morphological, biochemical and electrophysiological characterisation of potential modulators of the visual system (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 611-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Schlagwort(e): Cobalt staining ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insect ; Neuromodulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The two Protocerebral-Medulla 4 neurons (PM4a and b) in the locust brain have adjacent cell bodies in the medial deutocerebrum. They project through the posterior protocerebrum, forming limited arborisations en route, and enter the lobula and medulla of the ipsilateral optic lobe, where they form extensive, overlapping arborisations. The PM4a and b neurons are octopamine immunoreactive. Their octopamine content (approximately 25 pg per cell) is confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; each cell contains approximately 25 pg p-octopamine. Simultaneous intracellular recording from exposed PM4a and b cell bodies reveals that the two cells are physiologically indistinguishable. They receive multimodal sensory inputs. Tactile/mechanosensory stimuli to much of the animal's body and head, acoustic stimuli, and simple visual stimuli all give rise to e.p.s.p.s and action potentials in the PM4 cell body. Simultaneous recording from the cell body in the deutocerebrum and the axon in the lobula demonstrates that action potentials are predominantly initiated in the deutocerebrum and propagate centrifugally, towards the optic lobe. Occasionally, bright light flashes will initiate an action potential in the axon in the optic stalk, which probably propagates bidirectionally: centripetally to the cell body, and centrifugally into the optic lobe. The extensive arborisations in the lobula and medulla are therefore likely to be sites of octopamine release. Because PM4 neurons are octopaminergic, project to the optic lobe, and receive modalities of sensory input known to dishabituate the Descending Contralateral Movement Detector (DCMD) visual interneuron, it is proposed that PM4 neurons are neuromodulatory — mediating dishabituation or arousal of the visual system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207190
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Uteroglobin and the accumulation of progesterone in the uterine lumen of the rabbit (1981)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 190 (1981), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Uteroglobin ; Radioimmunoassay ; Progesterone ; Osmotic minipumps ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary This study was undertaken to determine whether the influx of progesterone into the uterine lumen of the rabbit, in the preimplantation period, is dependent onuteroglobin (UGL). Rabbits were ovariectomized and, three months later, treated with two defferent doses of progesterone. Purified UGL was injected into one uterine horn and, as a control,immunoglobulin G (IgG) was injected into the other. After four days, the animals were sacrificed their uteri flushed, and the progesterone content of the washes was determined by radioimmunoassay. Animals with the lower serum progesterone level (2.8 ng/ml) had a significantly different uterine horn progesterone content. The hormone accumulation in the horn containing UGL was 2.3 to 7.5 times higher than in the horn containing IgG. Animals with a higher serum progesterone level (7.2 ng/ml) showed no differences. The hormone content was equally high in both horns, presumably due to the synthesis of endogenous UGL being reactivated by the hormone treatment. The validity of these experiments as models for the events during early pregnancy and the physiological role of progesterone available inside the uterus are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867797
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in the pharynx and lung of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pharynx ; Lung ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Substance P ; Coexistence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling in the pharynx and lung of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of two neuropeptides. In the pharynx, immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were localized in nerve fibers distributed within and just beneath the ciliated epithelium. In the lung, CGRP and SP were localized in nerve fibers in five principal locations: 1) within the smooth muscle layer in the interfaveolar septa; 2) in the luminal thickened edges of the septa; 3) around the pulmonary vasculature; 4) within, and 5) under the ciliated epithelium. Within the smooth muscle layer in the septa, luminal thickened septa, and around blood vessels, almost all fibers showed coexistence of CGRP and SP. Within and just beneath the ciliated epithelium in the thickened septa, all fibers showed coexistence of CGRP and SP. No immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, galanin, somatostatin, FMRFamide, and leucine-and methionine-enkephalins was detected in the nerve fibers within the larynx and the lung. Together with our previous data, the present findings suggest that peptidergic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of amphibian respiratory systems throughout their life.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300698
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of immunoreactive neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated by immunofluorescence (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Pancreas ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Coexistence ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling for eight neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of certain neuropeptides in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), FMRFamide (FMRF), and galanin (GAL) was localized in nerve fibers distributed between the acini and around the duct system and vasculature of the exocrine pancreas. In these regions, CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were more numerous than those containing the other five peptides. Almost all SP fibers showed coexistence of SP with CGRP, and about one third of fibers also showed coexistence of SP with VIP, NPY, FMRF, and GAL. In the endocrine pancreas, SP, CGRP, VIP, and GAL were recognized in the nerve fibers around and within the islets of Langerhans, and VIP and GAL fibers were more numerous than SP and CGRP fibers. All CGRP fibers, and about half of the VIP and GAL fibers were immunoreactive for SP. NPY- and FMRF-immunoreactive cells were found at the periphery of the islets. These findings suggest that the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions of the bullfrog are under the control of peptidergic innervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307803
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of microfibril-associated components in the posterior chamber of the eye (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Microfibrils ; Ciliary zonule ; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Fibrillin ; Freeze substitution ; Glycol methacrylate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (C57BL/6J) ; Chicken (White Leghorn)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Connective tissue microfibrils were observed in tissues prepared with methods believed to minimize the loss of tissue components. The eyes of C57BL/6J mice were fixed with glutaraldehyde followed by either freeze substitution, or embedding in glycol methacrylate, a water-miscible embedding medium, after limited or no dehydration. In these preparations, microfibrils were present within sheet-like layers observed in the posterior chamber of the eye. The material enclosing the microfibrils that formed the layer was also preserved, at least partially, by fixation of the tissue with uranyl acetate or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as observed in the chick eye. This microfibril-associated material was found to be composed of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as shown by positive immunostaining for HSPG, as well as by identification of 4.5 nm-wide HSPG double tracks as its major constituent. When a considerable amount of this material was lost in KMnO4-fixed tissues, the remaining portion was preserved in the form of clusters of about 50 nm in width which were periodically adhered along the length of microfibrils. At the center of each cluster, a minute dark particulate structure was present. It was composed of an approximately 10 nm-wide polygonal assembly of 3.5 nm-wide ring-like structures, and was, in unfixed chick eyes, positively immunostained for fibrillin. The periodicity of HSPG clusters, and of fibrillin, along the length of immunostained microfibrils was similar, ranging from 45 nm to 65 nm. These observations indicate that fibrillin is periodically associated at the surface of “classical” microfibrils, and it may mediate the association of large amounts of HSPG to microfibrils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318486
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in mouse brain areas that are known to express high levels of aromatase activity (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 561-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Aromatase ; Reproduction ; Preoptic area ; Hypothalamus ; Limbic system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jackson/C57)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The transformation of testosterone into estradiol in the brain plays a key role in several behavioral and physiological processes, but it has been so far impossible to localize precisely the cells of the mammalian brain containing the relevant enzyme, viz., aromatase. We have recently established an immunohistochemical technique that allows the visualization of aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the quail brain. In this species, a marked increase in the optical density of aromatase-immunoreactive cells is observed in subjects that have been treated with the aromatase inhibitor, R76713 or racemic Vorozole. This increased immunoreactivity, associated with a total blockade of aromatase activity, has been used as a tool in the present study in which the distribution of aromatase-immunoreactive material has been reassessed in the brain of mice pretreated with R76713. As expected, the aromatase inhibitor increases the density of the immunoreactive signal in mice. Strongly immunoreactive cells are found in the lateral septal region, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central amygdala, and the dorso-lateral hypothalamus. A less dense signal is also present in the medial preoptic area, the nucleus accumbens, several hypothalamic nuclei (e.g., paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei), all divisions of the amygdala, and several regions of the cortex, especially the cortex piriformis. These data demonstrate that, contrary to previous claims, aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in all brain regions that have been shown previously to contain high aromatase activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318360
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of secretory acetylcholinesterase of the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylcholinesterase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulin ; Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Scolecida) ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Various parasitic nematodes secrete acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In this study, the localization of AChE in the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the secretory forms of AChE in culture fluid were examined. A thiocholine method revealed that AChE activity was localized in the subventral glands, which have a secretory and excretory function via a duct connected to the excretory pore. By electron microscopy, AChE activity was found mainly in the matrix of secretory granules, and sometimes in the Golgi apparatus in the subventral gland cells. These results show that nematode AChE is produced and stored in the subventral glands. Monoclonal antibodies against AChE of human erythrocytes or electric rays also bound to the nematode subventral gland, suggesting immuno-cross-reactivity of AChE among these species. When AChE activity in the nematode excretory-secretory product was examined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with the thiocholine method, intense activity was demonstrated as a single band at 74kDa. Immunoblot analysis showed specific recognition of this molecule by IgE and IgG1 antibodies, but not by IgG2a antibody, in nematode-infected rat sera. These results indicate that the nematode AChE molecule produced in and secreted from the subventral glands is antigenic for the production of IgE/IgG1 in host animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304511
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immune-complex trapping in the splenic ellipsoids of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Ellipsoids ; Spleen ; Immune complexes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), immunised with horseradish peroxidase, were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, and the trapping of antigen in the spleen was followed 1, 24, and 48 h after injection. After 1 h, the localisation of horseradish peroxidase indicated that the antigen had been extensively trapped in the walls of the splenic ellipsoids. The colocalisation of horseradish peroxidase with rainbow trout immunoglobulin M and complement factor 3 was shown with a double immunofluorescence technique and suggested that horseradish peroxidase was trapped in the form of immune complexes. After 24 and 48 h, very little horseradish peroxidase was detected in the ellipsoids, and horseradish peroxidase was mainly found in association with large cells with prominent cytoplasmic extensions. In nonimmunised fish given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, antigen was not detected in ellipsoids. Thus, the observed difference between immunised and nonimmunised trout suggests a specific role for the splenic ellipsoids in rapid immune-complex trapping and invites speculation on its significance in a secondary immune response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319131
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RT97: a marker for capsaicin-insensitive sensory endings in the rat skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurofilament ; Primary afferent fibres ; Skin ; Capsaicin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The mouse monoclonal antibody RT97, which recognises the 200-kDa neurofilament subunit in its phosphorylated form, selectively labels the somata of sensory A-fibres (large light cells) in the dorsal root ganglion of the rat. We have tested the hypothesis that this antibody also visualises large diameter sensory fibres and their end structures in peripheral tissue, in particular in the skin. RT97 immunoreactivity is found in endings that are known to be served by myelinated afferent fibres, including Meissner-like endings, Merkel discs, hair follicle receptors, Pacinian corpuscles and free nerve endings. RT97 immunoreactivity has not, however, been observed in endings of presumably unmyelinated sensory fibres (intraepidermal fibres immunoreactive for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) or in sympathetic fibres innervating sweat glands and blood vessels. In addition, neither systemic (100–150 mg/kg as adults) nor perineural capsaicin pre-treatment affects RT97 immunoreactivity in the skin. The data indicate that RT97 is a useful marker in the study of the capsaicin-insensitive sensory innervation of the skin and possibly other peripheral organs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319142
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pro-enkephalin opioid peptides are abundant in porcine and bovine splenic nerves, but absent from nerves of rat, mouse, hamster, and guinea-pig spleen (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Enkephalin ; Opioid peptides ; Spleen ; Innervation ; Neuro-immunology ; Species differences ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow ; Pig ; Guinea-pig ; Mouse ; Rat ; Dsungarian hamster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The opioidergic innervation of the mammalian spleen and possible species differences were investigated. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed that splenic nerves of bovine and porcine spleen, but not of rat, mouse, hamster and guinea-pig spleen contained proenkephalin-derived opioidergic innervation. Immunoreactivity to both prodynorphin and pro-opiomelanocortin was absent from splenic nerves. In bovine and porcine spleen, fibers immunoreactive for met-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, leu-enkephalin and peptide F formed perivascular plexus, traveled in trabecular connective tissue, and extended into the capsule. Spatial relationships with immune cells were apparent in the white and red pulp, excluding lymphoid follicles. Colocalization of enkephalin immunoreactivity with immunoreactivities for tyrosin hydroxylase, dopamin-β-hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y, but not for substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide were found. Our results provide evidence that opioid expression in splenic innervation is strongly species-dependent and exclusively proenkephalin-derived. Colocalization with marker enzymes of noradrenergic neurons indicates a mainly postganglionic sympathetic origin of proenkephalinergic splenic innervation. Opioidergic perivascular nerves probably control the splenic blood flow. A close interrelationship of opioidergic fibers with immune cells provides the anatomical basis for direct effects of neurally released opioids on splenic immune functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307968
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The monoclonal antibody GB 42 – a useful marker for the differentiation of myofibroblasts (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 231-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Placenta ; Stem villi ; Actin isoforms ; Myofibroblasts ; Smooth muscle cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The expression patterns of a variety of cytoskeletal antigens were studied in normal human tissues (placenta, umbilical cord, myometrium, colon, mammary gland, testis, skeletal muscle, myocardium) as well as in abnormal human tissues (palmar fibromatosis, fibrocystic disease of the mammary gland, mammary carcinoma). The immunohistochemical binding patterns of the monoclonal antibody GB 42 were compared to those of commercial antibodies directed against vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle myosin, pan actin, α-smooth muscle actin and γ-smooth muscle actin. Methods applied comprised immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections and paraffin sections. Immunogold immunocytochemistry was performed on Lowicryl sections. The patterns of GB 42-binding were confirmed biochemically by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting, and quantitative amino acid analysis. Our data suggest that the monoclonal antibody GB 42 recognizes an actin isoform which is identical to, or closely related to, γ-smooth muscle actin. Unlike the commercially available antibody against γ-smooth muscle actin, GB 42 does not cross-react with α-skeletal or α-cardiac actins. The GB 42-antigen is expressed in smooth muscle cells, myoepithelial cells and in later stages of differentiation of myofibroblasts, in all the tissues investigated. Throughout the development of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts, the appearance of the GB 42-antigen occurs after the expression of vimentin, desmin and α-smooth muscle actin, but prior to the expression of smooth muscle myosin. GB 42 is a reliable marker for higher stages of differentiation of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050420
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, in the mouse testis: its unique accumulation in spermatid nuclei (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Calcineurin ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatids ; Nuclear transformation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jcl:ICR ; BALB/c)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Immunohistochemical localization of a calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, was studied in the mouse testis in relation to previous observations showing that calmodulin is unusually rich in spermatogenic stages from mid-pachytene spermatocytes to elongating spermatids. The antibodies raised against calcineurin from scallop testis reacted with subunit B, but not subunit A, of calcineurin isoforms from mouse brain and testis. Indirect immunofluorescence using these antibodies on the mouse testis revealed positive reactions only in the nuclei of round or elongating spermatids: calcineurin started to accumulate in nuclei from the acrosomal cap phase, peaked at the initial stage of nuclear elongation, and decreased thereafter. There was almost no signal in the cytoplasm; spermatogenic cells at other stages, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, mature sperm, and other somatic cells in the seminiferous tubules were totally negative. Immuno-electron microscopy gave the same result, on the basis of measuring the density of immunogold particles. These results suggest a role for calcineurin in remodeling of the nuclear chromatin in metamorphosing spermatids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050424
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ontogeny of calbindin-D28K and calretinin in developing chick kidney (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium-binding proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mesonephros ; Metanephros ; Chick embryo (White leghorn)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The ontogeny of two calcium-binding proteins (calbindin-D28k and calretinin) was studied by immunohistochemical techniques in developing chick kidney. This study showed the presence of calbindin on the 5th incubation day and calretinin on the 7th incubation day in mesonephric distal and connecting tubules, and in the medial wall of the Wolffian duct. At later stages, immunostaining for these two proteins, in particular for calretinin, was also demonstrated in some metanephric proximal tubules. Glomeruli and Bowman's capsules were negative both in the mesonephros and metanephros. The presence of calretinin in the developing kidney has thus been demonstrated for the first time. The early expression of calbindin and calretinin in mesonephric distal tubules suggests their role in regulating the final excretion of calcium. The different patterns of immunoreactivity of the walls of the Wolffian duct can be correlated with their different histogenetic and histological features.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300705
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphometric analysis of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules in atriocytes of rats with experimental congestive heart failure (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 575-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): A-V fistula ; Immunohistochemistry ; Atrial natriuretic peptides ; Congestive heart failure ; Atriocyte ; Rat (Wistar-Munich)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The morphometric characteristics of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules were studied in atrial myoendocrine cells of rats with aorto-caval fistula, an experimental model of congestive heart failure. A total of 6680 granules of control and aorto-caval rats were analyzed by a computerized image analysis system that evaluated the number and sectioned surface area of granules and their subcellular location. Compared with control animals, rats with congestive heart failure displayed a slight increase in the number of peripheral granules, adjacent to the sarcolemma, but not centrally located in the Golgi areas. The mean sectioned surface area of granules in rats with congestive heart failure was about 50% of that in controls, both in the right and left atria. Rats with aortocaval fistula had a higher percent of small granules and lower percent of large granules compared with controls. The data demonstrate different morphometric characteristics in atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules in atriocytes in rats with experimental congestive heart failure; this may reflect the enhanced synthesis and release of atrial natriuretic peptide in heart failure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318169
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Noradrenergic and adrenergic systems in the brain of the urodele amphibian, Pleurodeles waltlii, as revealed by immunohistochemical methods (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 619-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Brain ; Noradrenaline ; Adrenaline ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pleurodeles waltlii (Urodela)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the brain of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii has been studied with antibodies raised against noradrenaline and the enzymes dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase. Noradrenaline-containing cell bodies were found in the anterior preoptic area, the hypothalamic nucleus of the periventricular organ, the locus coeruleus and in the solitary tract/area postrema complex at the level of the obex. Noradrenergic fibers are widely distributed throughout the brain innervating particularly the ventrolateral forebrain, the medial amygdala, the lateral part of the posterior tubercle, the parabrachial region and the ventrolateral rhombencephalic tegmentum. Putative adrenergic cell bodies were found immediately rostral to the obex, ventral to the solitary tract. Whereas the cell bodies and their dendrites were Golgi-like stained, axons were more difficult to trace. Nevertheless, some weakly immunoreactive fibers could be traced to the basal forebrain. A comparison of these results with data previously obtained in anurans reveals not only several general features, but also some remarkable species differences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318174
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tyrosine hydroxylase in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.): an immunohistochemical study (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Catecholamine neurons ; Invertebrate nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cerebral ganglia ; Periplaneta americana (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. We have investigated the distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Groups of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell bodies occur in various parts of the three regions of the cerebral ganglia. In the protocerebrum, single large neurons or small groups of neurons are located in the lateral neuropil, adjacent to the calyces, and in the dorsal portion of the pars intercerebralis. Small scattered cell bodies are found in the outer layers of the optic lobe, and clusters of larger cell bodies can be found in the deutocerebrum, medial and lateral to the antennal glomeruli. Thick bundles of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive nerve fibers traverse the neuropil in the proto- and deutocerebrum and innervate the glomerular and the nonglomerular neuropil with fine varicose terminals. Dense terminal patterns are present in the medulla and lobula of the optic lobe, the pars intercerebralis, the medial tritocerebrum, and the area surrounding the antennal glomeruli, the central body and the mushroom bodies. The pattern of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity is similar to that previously described for catecholaminergic neurons, but it is distinctly different from the distribution of histaminergic and serotonergic neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050458
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    FMRFamide is endogenous to the Aplysia heart (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: FMRFamide ; Neuropeptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Neurohormone ; Aplysia californica (Mollusca)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The presence of the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide was investigated in the heart of the sea hare, Aplysia californica. Immunohistochemical localization and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with radioimmunoassays of HPLC fractions were used to demonstrate the presence of FMRFamide and FLRFamide in the heart. FMRFamide-immunoreactive (FMRFamide-IR) nerve fibers, varicosities, and neuronal somata were observed in whole- mounts of the hearts. The atrium and atrioventricular (AV) valve regions contained significantly higher densities (P〈0.05, ANOVA) of immunoreactive varicosities compared to the ventricle. The high density of FMRFamide-IR varicosities in the atrium and the lack of sensitivity of this region to FMRFamide suggest that the atrium may be a neurohemal organ for the release of FMRFamide. The presence of FMRFamide-IR somata in the Aplysia heart suggests that peripheral neurons may play a role in modifying heart activity, independent of the central nervous system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050484
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemistry of Grandry corpuscles in the oral mucosa of the duck bill: a light- and electron-microscopic study (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Substance P ; Grandry corpuscle ; Sensory nerves ; Dense-core vesicles ; Anas platyrhynchos (Aves, Anatiformes)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Grandry corpuscles in the oral mucosa of the upper bill of the duck were immunohistochemically studied using antisera against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin, methionine-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin, substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Grandry corpuscles in the lamina propria selectively showed only SP-like immunoreactivity. Herbst corpuscles distributed near Grandry corpuscles were negative to all antisera applied. Although immunoreactive products in the Grandry corpuscles were found as granules in the peripheral cytoplasm of the Grandry cell, the axon terminals and satellite cells exhibited no reactivity. In pre-embedding electron-microscopic sections, SP-like immunoreactive products visualized with 3,3′-diaminobezidine were localized in the granules of Grandry cells, but no labeling was observed in the cytoplasmic matrix or cell organelles. Electron-immunocytochemical labeling with colloidal gold by the post-embedding method clearly demonstrated that the SP antigen was localized only in the granules. It is presumed that Grandry cells have a secretory function. However, the function and the method of release of the SP contained in the observed granules remains obscure. Some CGRP-, NPY-, SP- and VIP-like-immunoreactive nerve fibers with varicosities associated with blood vessels and nerve fiber bundles of various sizes were observed in the lamina propria, but no such fibers penetrated into the intraepitherial layer. Nerve fibers positive for SP and VIP were also found in the interlobular connective tissue of the palatine glands. Some SP-positive neurons were detected in the vicinity of the palatine glands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307796
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase immunoreactivity in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Anglerfish peptide Y ; Neuropeptide Y ; Brain, pituitary, and islet organ ; Pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anglerfish, Lophius americanus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM; EC 1.14.17.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes conversion of glycine-extended peptides to alpha-amidated bioactive peptides. Two peptides that are processed at their carboxyl-termini by this enzyme are neuropeptide Y and anglerfish peptide Y, both of which possess a C-terminal glycine that is used as a substrate for amidation. Results from previous reports have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y-like and anglerfish peptide Y-like immunoreactivities are present in the brain of anglerfish (Lophius americanus). Furthermore, neuropeptide Y-like peptides, namely anglerfish peptide Y and anglerfish peptide YG (the homologues of pancreatic polypeptide) are present in the islet organ of this species. Neuropeptide Y has also been localized in the anterior, intermediated and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland in a variety of species. In order to learn more about the distribution of the enzyme responsible for alpha amidation of these peptides in the brain and pituitary and to specifically investigate the relationship of this enzyme to peptide synthesizing endocrine cells of the anglerfish islet, we performed an immunohistochemical study using several antisera generated against different peptide sequences of the enzyme. PAM antisera labeled cells in the islet organ, pituitary and brain, and fibers in the brain and pituitary gland. The PAM staining pattern in the brain was remarkably similar to the distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity reported previously. Clusters of cells adjacent to vessels in the anterior pituitary displayed punctate PAM immunoreactivity while varicose fibers were observed in the pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis. Endocrine cells of the islet organ were differentially labeled with different PAM antisera. Comparison of the staining patterns of insulin, glucagon, and anglerfish peptide Y in the islet organ to PAM immunoreactivity suggests a distribution of forms of PAM enzyme in insulin and anglerfish peptide Y-containing cells, but no overlap with glucagon-producing cells. The results also indicate that PAM immunoreactivity is widely distributed in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of anglerfish in cells that contain peptides that require presence of a C-terminal glycine for amidation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304521
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of the endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin in normal human skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Galectin ; β-Galactoside-binding lectin ; Human ; Skin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hybridization ; in situ ; Langerhans cell ; Man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The localization of an endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin (galectin) and its pattern of gene expression were examined in normal human skin by light- and electron microscopy. Under the light microscope, immunostaining of 14-kDa galectin was observed in the cell membrane of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis. Galectin was also found in the Langerhans cells, as shown by double labeling using anti-14-kDa galectin and anti-CD1a antibodi es. In the dermis, immunostaining for the 14-kDa galectin was positive in the extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. At the electron-microscopic level of resolution, galectin was located primarily along the plasma membrane of keratinocytes, and in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of Langerhans cells in the epidermis, whereas in the dermis it was detected in the extracellular matrix and in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of fibroblasts. The gene expression of 14-kDa galectin was visualized by the HRP-staining me thod following in situ hybridization techniques. The expression was detected in the cytoplasm of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis; whereas, in the dermis, it was detected in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. Moreover, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin-blot analysis revealed that this galectin bound to glycoproteins of approximately 17, 62, and 72 kDa in the epidermis and to those of 29, 54, and 220 kDa in the dermis. The present study indicates that 1) normal human skin produces the β-galactoside-binding 14-kDa galectin, and 2) this galectin is located in both the epidermis, particularly in the keratinocytes and Langerhans cells, and in the dermis. These results suggest that galectin is important for cell-cell contact and/or adhesion in the epidermis and for cell-extracellular matrix interaction in the dermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304505
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of the endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin in normal human skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Galectin ; β-Galactoside-binding lectin ; Human ; Skin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hybridization, in situ ; Langerhans cell ; Man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The localization of an endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin (galectin) and its pattern of gene expression were examined in normal human skin by light- and electron microscopy. Under the light microscope, immunostaining of 14-kDa galectin was observed in the cell membrane of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis. Galectin was also found in the Langerhans cells, as shown by double labeling using anti-14-kDa galectin and anti-CD1a antibodies. In the dermis, immunostaining for the 14-kDa galectin was positive in the extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. At the electron-microscopic level of resolution, galectin was located primarily along the plasma membrane of keratinocytes, and in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of Langerhans cells in the epidermis, whereas in the dermis it was detected in the extracellular matrix and in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of fibroblasts. The gene expression of 14-kDa galectin was visualized by the HRP-staining method following in situ hybridization techniques. The expression was detected in the cytoplasm of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis; whereas, in the dermis, it was detected in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. Moreover, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin-blot analysis revealed that this galectin bound to glycoproteins of approximately 17, 62, and 72 kDa in the epidermis and to those of 29, 54, and 220 kDa in the dermis. The present study indicates that 1) normal human skin produces the β-galactoside-binding 14-kDa galectin, and 2) this galectin is located in both the epidermis, particularly in the keratinocytes and Langerhans cells, and in the dermis. These results suggest that galectin is important for cell-cell contact and/or adhesion in the epidermis and for cell-extracellular matrix interaction in the dermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304505
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pro-enkephalin opioid peptides are abundant in porcine and bovine splenic nerves, but absent from nerves of rat, mouse, hamster, and guinea-pig spleen (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Enkephalin ; Opioid peptides ; Spleen ; Innervation ; Neuro-immunology ; Species differences ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow ; Pig ; Guinea-pig ; Mouse ; Rat ; Dsungarian hamster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The opioidergic innervation of the mammalian spleen and possible species differences were investigated. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed that splenic nerves of bovine and porcine spleen, but not of rat, mouse, hamster and guinea-pig spleen contained proenkephalin-derived opioidergic innervation. Immunoreactivity to both prodynorphin and pro-opiomelanocortin was absent from splenic nerves. In bovine and porcine spleen, fibers immunoreactive for met-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, leu-enkephalin and peptide F formed perivascular plexus, traveled in trabecular connective tissue, and extended into the capsule. Spatial relationships with immune cells were apparent in the white and red pulp, excluding lymphoid follicles. Colocalization of enkephalin immunoreactivity with immunoreactivities for tyrosin hydroxylase, dopamin-β-hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y, but not for substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide were found. Our results provide evidence that opioid expression in splenic innervation is strongly species-dependent and exclusively proenkephalin-derived. Colocalization with marker enzymes of noradrenergic neurons indicates a mainly postganglionic sympathetic origin of proenkephalinergic splenic innervation. Opioidergic perivascular nerves probably control the splenic blood flow. A close interrelationship of opioidergic fibers with immune cells provides the anatomical basis for direct effects of neurally released opioids on splenic immune functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307968
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reduced laminin immunoreactivity in the blood vessel wall of ageing rats correlates with reduced innervation in vivo and following transplantation (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Basal lamina ; Laminin ; Ageing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal microscopy ; Blood vessels ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Changes in extracellular matrix composition and/or organisation, and in particular in the ratio of axonal growth-promoting components such as laminin to growth-inhibiting molecules, could contribute to the degenerative changes observed in the innervation of some peripheral tissues in old age. We have investigated this issue by evaluating laminin content or accessibility at various locations on blood vessels where we had previously studied age-related alterations in innervation density. We have employed a morphological approach, measuring laminin immunoreactivity by a densitometric application of confocal microscopy, because more conventional biochemical techniques would have been unable to distinguish specific, localized changes in laminin at sites accessible to nerves from heterogeneous changes in other areas of the vessel wall, such as the endothelial basal lamina. We found that in 24-month-old rats laminin immunoreactivity is decreased by 50% at the medial-adventitial border in association with the outer layer of smooth muscle cells, where a parallel decrease is observed in innervation density. Axonal terminals were shown to have access to laminin in this region of the blood vessel wall by double staining with laminin and a general neuronal marker. Changes in laminin immunore-activity were region-specific on the same blood vessel, thus excluding the possibility of a generalized decrease in immunoreactivity in old age. For example, in the basilar artery intensity of laminin immunoreactivity decreased in old age at the medial-adventitial border, but showed no change in endothelial cell basal lamina and in the adventitia. Moreover, we performed in oculo transplants of blood vessels displaying differences in laminin immunoreactivity and found that the density of innervation correlated with the intensity of laminin staining, thus lending further support to the hypothesis that laminin might play a role in nerve fibre atrophy in old age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307955
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Origins of nerve fibers containing nitric oxide synthase in the rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Nitric oxide synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retrograde tracing ; Celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion ; Sensory ganglion ; Spinal cord ; Intestine ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The origin of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers in rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion was examined using retrograde tracing techniques combined with the immunofluorescence method. Fluoro-Gold was injected into the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neuronal cell bodies retrogradely labeled with Fluoro-Gold in the thoracic spinal cord, the dorsal root ganglia at the thoracic level, the nodose ganglion, and the intestine from the duodenum to the proximal colon were examined for nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. About 60% of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase, as were approximately 27% of nodose ganglion neurons and about 65% of dorsal root ganglion neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were found in the myenteric plexus of the small and large intestine. In the proximal colon, about 23% of such neurons were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase. However, in the small intestine, no immunoreactivity was found in these neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583390
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Do vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive terminals synapse exclusively with VIP cell bodies in the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum? (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nitric oxide synthase ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Submucous plexus ; Guinea-pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum, previous light-microscopic studies have revealed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactive terminals are found predominantly in association with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. In this study, double-label immunohistochemistry at the light-microscopic level demonstrated co-localization of NOS-immunoreactivity and VIP-immunoreactivity in axon terminals in submucous ganglia. About 90% of nerve fibres with NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity were immunoreactive for both antigens; only about 10% of labelled varicosities contained only NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity. The VIP/NOS varicosities were more often seen in the central parts of the ganglia, close to the VIP-immunoreactive cell bodies. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry with antibodies to VIP was used to determine if NOS/VIP terminals synapse exclusively with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. We examined the targets of VIP-immunoreactive boutons in two submucous ganglia from different animals. Serial ultrathin sections were taken through the ganglia after they had been processed for VIP immunocytochemistry. For each cell body, the number of VIP inputs (synapses and close contacts) was determined. The number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses received by the cell bodies of submucous neurons varied from 0–4 and the number of VIP-immunoreactive close contacts varied from 3–10. There was no significant difference between VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and non-VIP nerve cell bodies in the number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses and close contacts they received. Thus, the implication from light microscopy that NOS/VIP terminals end predominantly on VIP nerve cells was not vindicated by electron microscopy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417865
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efferent projections from the retrochiasmatic area to the median eminence and to the pars nervosa of the hypophysis with special reference to the A15 dopaminergic cell group in the sheep (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 561-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterograde tracers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; A15 dopaminergic group ; Retrochiasmatic area ; Prolactin secretion ; Sheep
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Anterograde tracers, viz. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and fluorescein dextran, were used in conjunction with tyrosine hydroxylase immunohisto-chemistry to study the projections of the A15 dopaminergic cell group towards the median eminence and pituitary in sheep. After injection of the tracers in the retrochiasmatic area, which contains the cell group A15, fibres containing anterograde tracer were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence and in the pars nervosa of the pituitary. Numerous tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers were present in the external zone of the median eminence and in the pars intermedia and the pars nervosa of the pituitary, with characteristic patterns of organisation in each area. Most tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibres containing fluorescein dextran were located in the pars nervosa, whereas only a few were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence. It was concluded that at least part of the dopaminergic innervation of the pars nervosa originated from the A15 group. These results provide morphological evidence for (1) the role of dopaminergic neurons of the A15 cell group in the seasonal control of prolactin secretion via the release of dopamine in the pars nervosa, and (2) putative physiological interactions between dopamine and the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones in sheep.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417874
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of spermadhesin AWN in the porcine male genital tract (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Zona pellucida-binding protein ; Boar spermadhesin ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Boar spermadhesin (AWN) is a 14-kDa multifunctional protein, attached to the surface of the spermatozoa and involved in sperm capacitation and zona pellucida binding. The cellular origin of AWN was previously unknown. Moreover, the region of the male genital tract in which AWN becomes attached to the surface of spermatozoa was also uncertain. By using monospecific polyclonal antibodies against AWN, the immunohistochemical distribution pattern of AWN epitopes has been investigated in tissue sections of the porcine male genital tract. Our study has revealed that AWN is synthesized in the rete testis and in the epithelium of the seminal vesicles. The latter are also the major contributors of seminal plasma AWN. In addition, immunoblotting analysis has shown that AWN is present on epididymal spermatozoa. Our results indicate that the cellular origin of spermadhesins is species-specific. The attachment of AWN to epididymal spermatozoa is probably important in developing the capacity for fertilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319144
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adrenergic innervation of pancreatic islets and modulation of insulin secretion by the sympatho-adrenal system (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 15-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreatic islets ; Adrenergic innervation ; Insulin secretion ; Chemical sympathectomy ; Adrenalectomy ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Morphological changes in the adrenergic innervation of pancreatic islets after chemical sympathectomy by use of 6-hydroxydopamine and the influence of the sympatho-adrenal system on insulin secretion were investigated in the mouse and rat. Fluorescence histochemistry revealed a clear-cut reduction in the number of adrenergic nerve fibers in the pancreatic islets 2 days after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine; the reduction was more pronounced in the rat than in the mouse. In the rat, a partial regeneration was seen after 6 weeks. In the pancreas of the mouse, after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a severe damage of unmyelinated nerve fibers was revealed electron microscopically. However, no ultrastructural or immunohistochemical alterations could be demonstrated in the endocrine cells of the islets. 6-Hydroxydopamine induced a depression of basal plasma insulin concentrations in mice and an elevation in rats. Adrenalectomy depressed basal plasma insulin levels in mice. The α-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine enhanced insulin secretion in normal mice. The secretory response of insulin to phentolamine was diminished by chemical sympathectomy and almost abolished by adrenalectomy or the combination of chemical sympathectomy and adrenalectomy. Thus, the effect of phentolamine is probably mediated by liberated catecholamines. It is concluded that basal insulin secretion is partially regulated by the sympatho-adrenal system and that species differences exist in this respect. In addition, the results suggest that endogenous catecholamines have the ability to promote insulin secretion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234541
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical study of the postnatal development of pituitary thyrotrophs in the rat, with special reference to cluster formation (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterior pituitary ; Immunohistochemistry ; Thyrotrophs ; Postnatal development ; Classification of basophils
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The postnatal development of rat pituitary thyrotrophs was investigated immunohistochemically on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 25. Fetal thyrotrophs are strongly immunoreactive. In the postnatal period, however, weakly immunoreactive thyrotrophs increase in number to constitute clusters on days 3–5. The numbers and dimensions of the clusters reach a maximum on day 10. Thereafter the clusters break down to give rise to single, scattered neogenic thyrotrophs. Thyrotrophs in clusters on day 10 were investigated by electron microscopy in adjacent sections. They can be characterized as an immature type of basophil, according to the classification of Yoshimura et al. (1977): 1) Type I basophils, which are irregularly shaped with elongate processes, and characterized by rows of secretory granules about 100 nm in diameter. 2) Type I/II basophils, i.e., forms intermediate between Types I and II, containing less numerous secretory granules about 100–150 nm in diameter. Type II basophils which correspond to the classical thyrotrophs are not fully developed on day 10. Thus, most thyrotrophs develop from the clusters in the neonatal period. Such neogenic thyrotrophs retain the immature characteristics of Type I and I/II cells and may develop into Type II cells during subsequent maturation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234543
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical identification of T- and B-lymphocytes delineated by the unlabelled antibody enzyme method (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 361-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Human tonsil ; T-lymphocytes ; B-lymphocytes ; Quantitative morphology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are identified in tissue sections of human tonsils by applying the unlabelled antibody enzyme method. The epithelium of the tonsils contains a majority of immunoglobulin-positive cells and fewer T-lymphocytes. In the subepithelial zones, areas composed of B-cells predominate, however, regions containing T-lymphocytes are also present. The latter are mainly arranged in the lamina propria around high-endothelial venules and often include plasma cells containing immunoglobulin. Follicles containing germinal centres display a complex structure which changes during development. The lymphocytic cap consists of densely packed lymphocytes, labelled heavily by anti-IgM and anti-IGD, and of individual T-lymphocytes. Germinal centres show a framework of immunoglobulin-positive dendritic reticular cells; they contain some heavily labelled lymphoid cells and several cells weakly labelled by anti-IgM and anti-IgA, as well as a small number of T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, the total areas of T- and B-lymphocytes measured by planimetry may differ considerably between different tonsils. Especially total areas of germinal centres vary to a great extent. The quantitative data on amounts of T- and B-cells achieved by planimetry are comparable to those reported in cellular suspensions of tonsils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233625
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tissue- and cell-specific distribution of creatine kinase B: A new and highly specific monoclonal antibody for use in immunohistochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Creatine kinase ; B-subunit ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; Western blot ; Mouse (C57BL/6) ; Rabbit (New Zealand White)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A synthetic 17-mer peptide corresponding to an unique sequence in the amino-terminal region of human creatine kinase B was used to raise a new and highly B-subunit-specific monoclonal antibody, CK-BYK/21E10. We show here that the monoclonal antibody is suitable for immunohistochemistry of unfixed frozen sections as well as formaldehyde- or Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human, rabbit, and mouse tissues. Moreover, in the study of cell- and tissue-specific distribution patterns, parallel Western blot analysis and immunoelectron microscopy is possible using this antibody. Our analyses demonstrate that creatine kinase B expression is restricted to a specific subset of cell types in various tissues. In brain, the B-subunit was found only in neurocytes, but not in glia cells. High expression was also observed in inner segments of photoreceptor cells and the outer plexiform layer of the retina, in the parietal cells of the stomach and in gut enterocytes, gallbladder and epithelial cells of the urogenital system. The possible roles of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine-ATP system in these tissues are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307817
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of neural cell adhesion molecules, NCAMs, and their polysialylated forms, PSA-NCAMs, in the developing rat pituitary gland (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 463-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): NCAM ; PSA-NCAM ; Pituitary ; Development, ontogenetic ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat(Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) can undergo post-translational modifications, such as the addition of polysialic acid chains, thus generating PSANCAMs, which are expressed mainly during development. Since polysialylation considerably modifies NCAM adhesivity, expression of NCAMs and PSANCAMs has been investigated in the developing hypophysis by immunohistochemistry. At embryonic day 13 (E13), an antibody against NCAM outlined all cellular profiles in the entire Rathke's pouch; this labelling persisted until adulthood. NCAM expression increased in all lobes during development and concerned all pituitary cell types. In contrast, at E13, PSA-NCAMs were only detected in the neural lobe, solely constituted of pituicytes at this stage, and the tuberal lobe, the only lobe expressing hormonal mRNA at the same stage. PSA-NCAMs expression increased in the neural lobe at E17 with the arrival of the neurosecretory fibres and persisted into adulthood. In the anterior lobe, PSA-NCAMs appeared at E15 where their distribution was similar to that of the differentiating corticotrophic cells; at subsequent stages, their expression extended to the whole anterior lobe. Only two cell types, corticotrophic and somatotrophic cells, remained labelled in the adult gland. In the intermediate lobe, melanotrophic cells never expressed PSA-NCAMs but these were expressed on folliculo-stellate cells at birth, preceding the onset of innervation. These results suggest that NCAMs and PSA-NCAMs play a role in pituitary histogenesis, cell differentiation and neurointermediate lobe innervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307820
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in expression of two endogenous β-galactoside-binding isolectins in the dermis of chick embryonic skin during development in ovo and in vitro (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): β-Galactoside-binding lectin ; Dermis ; Skin ; Chick embryo ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratinization ; Mucous metaplasia ; Domestic fowl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In order to elucidate the roles of metal-independent animal lectins, we systematically investigated changes in expression of 2 kinds of β-galactoside-binding isolectins (MW 14 and 16 kDa) in the dermis of chick embryonic tarsometatarsal skin during the course of development. These lectins were immunohistochemically located at different stages of development both in ovo and in vitro by light and electron microscopy. Light-microscopic observation showed that while positive staining for the 14-kDa lectin was weak at days 8 and 10 it became intense after day 13. In contrast, staining for the 16-kDa lectin was intense at days 8, 10, and 13, but it became weak after day 17 when keratinization of the epidermis was completed. Immuno-electron-microscopic observation revealed that both the 14 and 16-kDa lectins were located on the basement membrane, in the extracellular matrix, and in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of dermal fibroblasts. Distribution of the 2 isolectins was also examined in cultured skin explants in vitro. The results were almost the same as those obtained in ovo when the skin explant was keratinized in the presence of hydrocortisone. However, in the skin explant where keratinization was prevented and mucous metaplasia was induced by the addition of vitamin A, the distribution of the 14-kDa lectin in the epidermis was significantly affected. These results indicate that (1) the expression of the 2 isolectins is differently regulated in both the dermis and epidermis, (2) the 16-kDa lectin is involved in the early stage of the formation of the dermis and the basement membrane and is replaced by the 14-kDa lectin as keratinization of the epidermis occurs, and (3) the expression of the 2 isolectins in the dermis is not significantly affected by the induction of mucous metaplasia, in contrast to their drastic changes in the epidermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300686
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of neuron-specific enolase in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl during post-hatching development (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal organ ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Post-hatching development ; Domestic fowl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Immunohistochemistry for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) revealed that NSE is localized in both a limited number of pinealocytes and intrinsic afferent neurons in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl. Furthermore, a computer-assisted three-dimensional imaging technique allowed to clarify the reverse distributional pattern of both elements: NSE-positive pinealocytes displayed a dense distribution especially in the vesicular portion of the gland, whereas NSE-immunoreactive nerve cells were mainly found in the pineal stalk. The number of NSE-positive intrinsic neurons in the pineal organ of chickens decreased rapidly after hatching, with a concentration of these elements in the basal portion (stalk) of the pineal organ. On the other hand, immunoreactive pinealocytes increased remarkably in the end-vesicle of the organ with age, followed by a gradual expansion toward the proximal portion. Thus, the spectacular increase in NSE-positive pinealocytes and the progressive reduction of reactive neurons occurred in parallel during the course of post-hatching development. NSE-immunoreactive pinealocytes displayed morphological characteristics of bipolar elements, endowed with an apical protrusion into the pineal lumen and a short basal process at younger stages, whereas multipolar types of NSE-positive pinealocytes were predominantly found in the adult domestic fowl. These results indicate that in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl (1) the ontogenetic expansion of NSE-immunoreactive pinealocytes is paralleled by a regressive afferent innervation, (2) the NSE-positive pinealocytes transform from a bipolar (columnar) type to a multipolar type during post-hatching development, and (3) these ontogenetic changes in the NSE-immunoreactivity and morphology of pinealocytes may reflect the development of a neurosecretory-like capacity of the organ.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300688
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of CD44, the hyaluronate receptor; on the plasma membrane of osteocytes and osteoclasts in rat tibiae (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): CD44, adhesion molecule ; Bone ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract CD44 is a multifunctional adhesion molecule that binds to hyaluronic acid, type I collagen, and fibronectin. We have studied the immunohistochemical localization of CD44 in bone cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in order to clarify its role in the cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interaction of bone cells. In round osteoblasts attached to bone surfaces, immunoreactivity is restricted to their cytoplasmic processes. On the other hand, osteocytes in bone matrices show intense immunoreactivity on their plasma membrane. Intense immunoreactivity for CD44 can be detected on the basolateral plasma membranes of osteoclasts. There is considerably less reactivity observed in the area of the plasma membrane that is in direct contact with bone. The pre-embedding electron-microscopical method has revealed that CD44 is mainly localized on the basolateral plasma membrane of osteoclasts. However, the ruffled border and clear zone show little immunoreactivity. A CD44-positive reaction can be detected on both plasma membranes in the contact region between osteoclasts and osteocytes. These findings suggest that: 1) cells of the osteoblast lineage express CD44 in accordance with their morphological changes from osteoblasts into osteocytes; 2) osteoclasts express CD44 on their basolateral plasma membrane; 3) CD44 in osteoclasts and osteocytes may play an important role in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix attachment via extracellular matrices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307793
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunophenotypic evidence for distinct populations of microglia in the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 665-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Microglia ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system ; Antigen-presenting cells ; Blood-brain barrier ; Phagocytosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Long Evans)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The morphology, distribution and immunophenotype of microglia throughout the adult rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system was examined. Four macrophage-associated antibodies (OX-42, F4/80, ED1 and ED2) were used; the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens was investigated by use of antibodies against OX-6, OX-17 (MHC class II) and OX-18 (MHC class I). Three distinct types of microglia were identified. The first was located in the magnocellular nuclei; these ‘radially branched’ (‘ramified’) microglia had round cell bodies and long branched processes, and were strongly immunoreactive only for OX-42. The second was located outside the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence, pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis often close to blood vessels; these ‘compact’ microglia had irregular cell bodies and shorter processes, and were strongly labelled by OX-42 and F4/80, weakly labelled by OX-18, and generally unlabelled by ED1, ED2, OX-6 and OX-17. The third type was found in small numbers throughout the system at the surface of the neurvous tissue or around blood vessels; these ‘perivascular’ microglia were elongated cells with no branching processes, and were strongly labelled by ED1, ED2, OX-18, OX-6, OX-17 and F4/80 antibodies but showed variable OX-42 immunoreactivity. Cells in a perivascular location were heterogeneous with respect to their immunophenotype. The presence in the normal adult rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of MHC class-II molecules (OX-6 and OX-17) on a sub-set of perivascular microglia suggests that these cells are capable of presenting antigen to T lymphocytes. The microglia, which lie on either side of the blood-brain barrier, are well placed to facilitate interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318369
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Spermatogonia ; Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tubular whole-mounts ; Spermatogonial degeneration ; Testis ; Bovine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the basal seminiferous tubular compartment have been studied by means of whole-mount preparations, immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphology. Three types of spermatogonia (Sg) can be identified. Large A-spermatogonia are irregularly distributed in the tubular periphery. Following the period of propagation of the A-spermatogonia, an interconnected meshwork of medium-sized spermatogonia with different cytogenetic potency is observed. Although the majority of the medium-sized spermatogonia are kinetically of the I type and divide to produce small B-spermatogonia, some members of the medium-sized population are seen in a growth phase and differentiate into large A-spermatogonia. These mark the beginning of a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Only one generation of B-spermatogonia divides into preleptotene primary spermatocytes. The architectural arrangement of multiplying spermatogonia in circles or rows is primarily the result of the distribution of the Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial multiplication is not strictly coordinated with the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Spermatogonial degeneration amounts on average to 3.6% and has therefore no decisive impact on the yield of primary spermatocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050283
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of microfibril-associated components in the posterior chamber of the eye (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Microfibrils ; Ciliary zonule ; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Fibrillin ; Freeze substitution ; Glycol methacrylate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (C57BL/6J) ; Chicken (White Leghorn)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Connective tissue microfibrils were observed in tissues prepared with methods believed to minimize the loss of tissue components. The eyes of C57BL/6J mice were fixed with glutaraldehyde followed by either freeze substitution, or embedding in glycol methacrylate, a water-miscible embedding medium, after limited or no dehydration. In these preparations, microfibrils were present within sheet-like layers observed in the posterior chamber of the eye. The material enclosing the microfibrils that formed the layer was also preserved, at least partially, by fixation of the tissue with uranyl acetate or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as observed in the chick eye. This microfibril-associated material was found to be composed of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as shown by positive immunostaining for HSPG, as well as by identification of 4.5 nm-wide HSPG double tracks as its major constituent. When a considerable amount of this material was lost in KMnO4-fixed tissues, the remaining portion was preserved in the form of clusters of about 50 nm in width which were periodically adhered along the length of microfibrils. At the center of each cluster, a minute dark particulate structure was present. It was composed of an approximately 10 nm-wide polygonal assembly of 3.5 nm-wide ring-like structures, and was, in unfixed chick eyes, positively immunostained for fibrillin. The periodicity of HSPG clusters, and of fibrillin, along the length of immunostained microfibrils was similar, ranging from 45 nm to 65 nm. These observations indicate that fibrillin is periodically associated at the surface of “classical” microfibrils, and it may mediate the association of large amounts of HSPG to microfibrils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050285
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunophenotypic evidence for distinct populations of microglia in the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 665-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Microglia ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system ; Antigen-presenting cells ; Blood-brain barrier ; Phagocytosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Long Evans)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The morphology, distribution and immunophenotype of microglia throughout the adult rat hypo- thalamo-neurohypophysial system was examined. Four macrophage-associated antibodies (OX-42, F4/80, ED1 and ED2) were used; the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens was investigated by use of antibodies against OX-6, OX-17 (MHC class II) and OX-18 (MHC class I). Three distinct types of microglia were identified. The first was located in the magnocellular nuclei; these ’radially branched’ (’ramified’) microglia had round cell bodies and long branched processes, and were strongly immunoreactive only for OX-42. The second was located outside the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence, pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis often close to blood vessels; these ’compact’ microglia had irregular cell bodies and shorter processes, and were strongly labelled by OX-42 and F4/80, weakly labelled by OX-18, and generally unlabelled by ED1, ED2, OX-6 and OX-17. The third type was found in small numbers throughout the system at the surface of the nervous tissue or around blood vessels; these ’perivascular’ microglia were elongated cells with no branching processes, and were strongly labelled by ED1, ED2, OX-18, OX-6, OX-17 and F4/80 antibodies but showed variable OX-42 immunoreactivity. Cells in a perivascular location were heterogeneous with respect to their immunophenotype. The presence in the normal adult rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of MHC class-II molecules (OX-6 and OX-17) on a sub-set of perivascular microglia suggests that these cells are capable of presenting antigen to T lymphocytes. The microglia, which lie on either side of the blood-brain barrier, are well placed to facilitate interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318369
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatogonia ; Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tubular wholemounts ; Spermatogonial degeneration ; Testis ; Bovine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the basal seminiferous tubular compartment have been studied by means of whole-mount preparations, immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphology. Three types of spermatogonia (Sg) can be identified. Large A-spermatogonia are irregularly distributed in the tubular periphery. Following the period of propagation of the A-spermatogonia, an interconnected meshwork of medium-sized spermatogonia with different cytogenetic potency is observed. Although the majority of the medium-sized spermatogonia are kinetically of the I type and divide to produce small B-spermatogonia, some members of the medium-sized population are seen in a growth phase and differentiate into large A-spermatogonia. These mark the beginning of a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Only one generation of B-spermatogonia divides into preleptotene primary spermatocytes. The architectural arrangement of multiplying spermatogonia in circles or rows is primarily the result of the distribution of the Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial multiplication is not strictly coordinated with the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Spermatogonial degeneration amounts on average to 3.6% and has therefore no decisive impact on the yield of primary spermatocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318484
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization and localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; pars distalis ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Stickleback ; Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) studies on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions of brain extracts of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, provided evidence for at least two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). One form showed chromatographic and immunological properties similar to that of synthetic salmon GnRH (sGnRH). A second, unidentified form of GnRH eluted in the same position as chicken GnRH I (cGnRH-I); however, it did not cross-react in a cGnRH-I RIA. Furthermore, it cannot be excluded that chicken GnRH II (cGnRH-II) and maybe one other unidentified form are present in the stickleback. The distribution of GnRH in the brain of breeding adult male sticklebacks was studied by use of immunohistochemistry. Two antisera against sGnRH and antisera against mGnRH and cGnRH-II were applied on cryosections and visualized using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Staining patterns were similar after incubations with all four antisera. Immunoreactive fibers were found in most parts of the brain. Three distinct groups of GnRH-immunoreactive perikarya were found in the nucleus olfactoretinalis, in the nucleus anterior periventricularis, and in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. Moreover, weakly stained cells occurred in a periventricular position in the midbrain. The proximal pars distalis of the pituitary, housing the gonadotropic cells, was richly innervated by GnRH-positive fibers. In the pars intermedia and in the rostral pars distalis, immunoreactive fibers were absent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050309
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The distinct gene expression of the pro-hormone convertases in the rat heart suggests potential substrates (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 539-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pro-hormone convertases ; Cardiovascular tissues ; Pro-atrial natriuretic factor ; Pro-endothelin ; Processing ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The present study examined the distribution of the pro-hormone convertases PC1, PC2, furin, PACE4 and PC5 in the rat heart. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from cardiac tissues showed high levels of furin and PACE4 mRNA in the atria and ventricles, while PC5 mRNA was found to be expressed at high levels in the dorsal aorta. Although undetectable by Northern blot analysis, both PC1 and PC2 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in discrete regions of the intracardiac para-aortic ganglia. In situ hybridization studies also showed that furin mRNA was observed in all cardiac tissues and cells, consistent with the previously reported ubiquitous expression of this gene. PACE4 mRNA was highly abundant in both the atria and ventricular cardiomyocytes, with low to undetectable levels observed in blood vessels. Finally, PC5 transcripts were expressed in the endothelial cells lining coronary vessels and the valve leaflets of the heart. The present localization studies in the heart and cardiac blood vessels suggests potential roles for each convertase in the processing of various neuropeptides, hormones and growth factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050313
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immune-complex trapping in the splenic ellipsoids of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ellipsoids ; Spleen ; Immune complexes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), immunised with horseradish peroxidase, were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, and the trapping of antigen in the spleen was followed 1, 24, and 48 h after injection. After 1 h, the localisation of horseradish peroxidase indicated that the antigen had been extensively trapped in the walls of the splenic ellipsoids. The colocalisation of horseradish peroxidase with rainbow trout immunoglobulin M and complement factor 3 was shown with a double immunofluorescence technique and suggested that horseradish peroxidase was trapped in the form of immune complexes. After 24 and 48 h, very little horseradish peroxidase was detected in the ellipsoids, and horseradish peroxidase was mainly found in association with large cells with prominent cytoplasmic extensions. In nonimmunised fish given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, antigen was not detected in ellipsoids. Thus, the observed difference between immunised and nonimmunised trout suggests a specific role for the splenic ellipsoids in rapid immune-complex trapping and invites speculation on its significance in a secondary immune response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319131
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of seminal proteins in salivary and lacrimal glands of the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary glands ; Lacrimal gland ; Male accessory sex glands ; Immunohistochemistry ; Androgen-dependent protein secretion ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Antibodies against 10 different secretory proteins from the accessory sex glands of the male rat were used for immunohistochemical studies of salivary and lacrimal glands from intact and castrated rats, at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. In the parotid gland, secretory acinar cells showed immunoreactivity with antibodies against prostatic binding protein, cystatin-related peptide and acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 8.0; 5.6) typical of ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle secretion VI. Western blotting analysis indicated that immunoreactivity against prostatic binding protein was attributable to a subunit, presumably C3. Acid phosphatase pI 5.6 showed a molecular weight of 66 kDa, which is at variance with the prostatic form. Immunoreactivity for secretory transglutaminase, derived from the coagulating gland, was restricted to myoepithelial and stromal cells. In castrated animals, the immunoreactivity of acinar cells was reduced to the background level, whereas stromal transglutaminase immunoreactivity was unaltered. The distribution pattern of immunoreactivity for the proteins mentioned was almost identical in the lacrimal gland. Significant differences were however observed in the immunoreactivity of the inframandibular gland, where serous glandular cells were non-immunoreactive for seminal proteins, with the exception of acid phosphatase isoenzyme pI 8.0. Granules present in the convoluted granular ducts were immunoreactive particularly for acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 5.6)but much less for cystatin-related peptide; immunoreactivity was reduced after castration. The straight portion of the inframandibular duct system was immunoreactive for transglutaminase, but no influence of castration was visible. The distribution of immunoreactivity for seminal proteins present in the salivary and lacrimal glands and the pronounced androgen-dependence of their expression point to functional relationships of the respective proteins at both glandular sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304522
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of secretory acetylcholinesterase of the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Acetylcholinesterase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulin ; Nippostrongylusbrasiliensis (Scolecida) ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Various parasitic nematodes secrete acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In this study, the localization of AChE in the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the secretory forms of AChE in culture fluid were examined. A thiocholine method revealed that AChE activity was localized in the subventral glands, which have a secretory and excretory function via a duct connected to the excretory pore. By electron microscopy, AChE activity was found mainly in the matrix of secretory granules, and sometimes in the Golgi apparatus in the subventral gland cells. These results show that nematode AChE is produced and stored in the subventral glands. Monoclonal antibodies against AChE of human erythrocytes or electric rays also bound to the nematode subventral gland, suggesting immuno-cross-reactivity of AChE among these species. When AChE activity in the nematode excretory-secretory product was examined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with the thiocholine met hod, intense activity was demonstrated as a single band at 74 kDa. Immunoblot analysis showed specific recognition of this molecule by IgE and IgG1 antibodies, but not by IgG2a antibody, in nematode-infected rat sera. These results indicate that the nematode AChE molecule produced in and secreted from the subventral glands is antigenic for the production of IgE/IgG1 in host animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304511
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of seminal proteins in salivary and lacrimal glands of the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Salivary glands ; Lacrimal gland ; Male accessory sex glands ; Immunohistochemistry ; Androgen-dependent protein secretion ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Antibodies against 10 different secretory proteins from the accessory sex glands of the male rat were used for immunohistochemical studies of salivary and lacrimal glands from intact and castrated rats, at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. In the parotid gland, secretory acinar cells showed immunoreactivity with antibodies against prostatic binding protein, cystatin-related peptide and acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 8.0; 5.6) typical of ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle secretion VI. Western blotting analysis indicated that immunoreactivity against prostatic binding protein was attributable to a subunit, presumably C3. Acid phosphatase pI 5.6 showed a molecular weight of 66 kDa, which is at variance with the prostatic form. Immunoreactivity for secretory transglutaminase, derived from the coagulating gland, was restricted to myoepithelial and stromal cells. In castrated animals, the immunoreactivity of acinar cells was reduced to the backgroun d level, whereas stromal transglutaminase immunoreactivity was unaltered. The distribution pattern of immunoreactivity for the proteins mentioned was almost identical in the lacrimal gland. Significant differences were however observed in the immunoreactivity of the inframandibular gland, where serous glandular cells were non-immunoreactive for seminal proteins, with the exception of acid phosphatase isoenzyme pI 8.0. Granules present in the convoluted granular ducts were immunoreactive particularly for acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 5.6) but much less for cystatin-related peptide; immunoreactivity was reduced after castration. The straight portion of the inframandibular duct system was immunoreactive for transglutaminase, but no influence of castration was visible. The distribution of immunoreactivity for seminal proteins present in the salivary and lacrimal glands and the pronounced androgen-dependence of their expression point to functional relationships of the respective proteins at both gla ndular sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304522
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of immunoreactive neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated by immunofluorescence (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreas ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Coexistence ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling for eight neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of certain neuropeptides in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), FMRFamide (FMRF), and galanin (GAL) was localized in nerve fibers distributed between the acini and around the duct system and vasculature of the exocrine pancreas. In these regions, CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were more numerous than those containing the other five peptides. Almost all SP fibers showed coexistence of SP with CGRP, and about one third of fibers also showed coexistence of SP with VIP, NPY, FMRF, and GAL. In the endocrine pancreas, SP, CGRP, VIP, and GAL were recognized in the nerve fibers around and within the islets of Langerhans, and VIP and GAL fibers were more numerous than SP and CGRP fibers. All CGRP fibers, and about half of the VIP and GAL fibers were immunoreactive for SP. NPY- and FMRF-immunoreactive cells were found at the periphery of the islets. These findings suggest that the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions of the bullfrog are under the control of peptidergic innervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307803
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical examination of intraspinal serotonin neurons and fibers in the chicken lumbar spinal cord and coexistence with Leu-enkephalin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) ; Enkephalin ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken (White leghorn)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Intraspinal serotonin–positive cells and fibers were examined in the chicken lumbar spinal cord following removal of descending serotonin fibers by spinal transection. Co-localization of Leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in intraspinal serotonin cells was also examined using a double immunofluorescence labeling technique. By one or two weeks after spinal transection, virtually all supraspinal serotonin fibers were eliminated. Intraspinal serotonin cells were located ventral or ventrolateral to the central canal corresponding to laminae VII, VIII, and IX, and the anterior funiculus. Intraspinal serotonin cells sent fibers to (1) the pia mater on the ventral or ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord; (2) vessels in the spinal cord; (3) sympathetic preganglionic column of Terni; (4) other intraspinal serotonin neurons; (5) the central canal. Some 30%–50% of the intraspinal serotonin cells co-localized with Leu-enkephalin. Intraspinal serotonin fibers co-containing Leu-enkephalin were observed in the pia mater located on the most lateral surface of the spinal cord.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050490
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxytocin-producing and vasopressin-producing eosinophils in the mouse spleen: immunohistochemical, immuno-electron-microscopic and in situ hybridization studies (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spleen ; Oxytocin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; In situ hybridization ; Mouse (C57BL/6)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactive cells, and the cells expressing mRNAs for these peptides in the spleen of the C57BL/6 mouse were studied by immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. Immunoreactive cells were distributed mainly in the splenic cord and marginal zone, whereas there were few in the lymphocyte-packed periarteriolar-lymphoid sheath, lymphoid follicle and germinal center. More numerous vasopressin-positive cells were seen in the splenic cord. The colocalization of oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the same cells was identified by the investigation of mirror sections. By the pre-embedding immuno-electron-microscopic method using antisera against oxytocin and vasopressin, immunopositive reaction products were localized in the matrix around the specific granules, small clear vesicles and mitochondrial membrane of the eosinophils. No immunoreactivity to these peptides was found within the specific granules of the eosinophils. In situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes labeled with 32P revealed the presence of mRNAs for oxytocin and vasopressin in the cells of the spleen, the distribution of the mRNAs for these peptides being the same as that of immunopositive cells. These observations suggest that eosinophils synthesize both oxytocin and vasopressin and store them in the matrix. Possible differences in the mechanism of synthesis and storage of these peptides between peripheral eosinophils and hypothalamic neurons are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307953
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase immunoreactivity in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Anglerfish peptide Y ; Neuropeptide Y ; Brain ; pituitary ; and islet organ ; Pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anglerfish ; Lophiusamericanus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM; EC 1.14.17.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes conversion of glycine-extended peptides to alpha-amidated bioactive peptides. Two peptides that are processed at their carboxyl-termini by this enzyme are neuropeptide Y and anglerfish peptide Y, both of which possess a C-terminal glycine that is used as a substrate for amidation. Results from previous reports have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y-like and anglerfish peptide Y-like immunoreactivities are present in the brain of anglerfish (Lophius americanus). Furthermore, neuropeptide Y-like peptides, namely anglerfish peptide Y and anglerfish peptide YG (the homologues of pancreatic polypeptide) are present in the islet organ of this species. Neuropeptide Y has also been localized in the anterior, intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland in a variety of species. In order to learn more about the distribution of the enzyme responsible for alpha amidati on of these peptides in the brain and pituitary and to specifically investigate the relationship of this enzyme to peptide synthesizing endocrine cells of the anglerfish islet, we performed an immunohistochemical study using several antisera generated against different peptide sequences of the enzyme. PAM antisera labeled cells in the islet organ, pituitary and brain, and fibers in the brain and pituitary gland. The PAM staining pattern in the brain was remarkably similar to the distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity reported previously. Clusters of cells adjacent to vessels in the anterior pituitary displayed punctate PAM immunoreactivity while varicose fibers were observed in the pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis. Endocrine cells of the islet organ were differentially labeled with different PAM antisera. Comparison of the staining patterns of insulin, glucagon, and anglerfish peptide Y in the islet organ to PAM immunoreactivity suggests a distribution of forms of PAM enzyme in insulin and anglerf ish peptide Y-containing cells, but no overlap with glucagon-producing cells. The results also indicate that PAM immunoreactivity is widely distributed in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of anglerfish in cells that contain peptides that require presence of a C-terminal glycine for amidation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304521
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in perisinusoidal stellate cells of the human liver (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 283 (1995), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Cell adhesion molecules ; neuronal ; Stellate cells ; Liver ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is distributed in most nerve cells and some non-neural tissues. The present immunohistochemical study has revealed, for the first time, the expression of N-CAM in perisinusoidal stellate cells of the human liver. Liver specimens were stained with monoclonal antibody against human Leu19 (N-CAM) by a streptoavidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex method. Light- and electron-microscopic analyses have shown that N-CAM-positive nerve fibers are distributed in the periportal and intermediate zones of the liver lobule. Perisinusoidal stellate cells in these zones are also positive for N-CAM. N-CAM is expressed on the surface of the cell, including cytoplasmic projections. Close contact of N-CAM-positive nerve endings with N-CAM-positive stellate cells has been observed. On the other hand, stellate cells in the centrilobular zone exhibit weak or no reaction for N-CAM. Perivascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in the portal area and myofibroblasts around the central veins are negative for N-CAM. The present results indicate that the perisinusoidal stellate cells in the periportal and intermediate zones of the liver lobule characteristically express N-CAM, unlike other related mesenchymal cells, and suggest that the intralobular heterogeneity of N-CAM expression by stellate cells is related to the different maturational stages of these cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050524
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RT97: a marker for capsaicin-insensitive sensory endings in the rat skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Neurofilament ; Primary afferent fibres ; Skin ; Capsaicin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wis-tar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The mouse monoclonal antibody RT97, which recognises the 200-kDa neurofilament subunit in its phosphorylated form, selectively labels the somata of sensory A-fibres (large light cells) in the dorsal root ganglion of the rat. We have tested the hypothesis that this antibody also visualises large diameter sensory fibres and their end structures in peripheral tissue, in particular in the skin. RT97 immunoreactivity is found in endings that are known to be served by myelinated afferent fibres, including Meissner-like endings, Merkel discs, hair follicle receptors, Pacinian corpuscles and free nerve endings. RT97 immunoreactivity has not, however, been observed in endings of presumably unmyelinated sensory fibres (intraepidermal fibres immunoreactive for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) or in sympathetic fibres innervating sweat glands and blood vessels. In addition, neither systemic (100–150 mg/kg as adults) nor perineural capsaicin pre-treatment affects RT97 immunoreactivity in the skin. The data indicate that RT97 is a useful marker in the study of the capsaicin-insensitive sensory innervation of the skin and possibly other peripheral organs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050468
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Do vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)- and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive terminals synapse exclusively with VIP cell bodies in the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum? (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Nitric oxide synthase ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Submucous plexus ; Guinea-pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. In the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum, previous light-microscopic studies have revealed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactive terminals are found predominantly in association with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. In this study, double-label immunohistochemistry at the light-microscopic level demonstrated co-localization of NOS-immunoreactivity and VIP-immunoreactivity in axon terminals in submucous ganglia. About 90% of nerve fibres with NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity were immunoreactive for both antigens; only about 10% of labelled varicosities contained only NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity. The VIP/NOS varicosities were more often seen in the central parts of the ganglia, close to the VIP-immunoreactive cell bodies. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry with antibodies to VIP was used to determine if NOS/VIP terminals synapse exclusively with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. We examined the targets of VIP-immunoreactive boutons in two submucous ganglia from different animals. Serial ultrathin sections were taken through the ganglia after they had been processed for VIP immunocytochemistry. For each cell body, the number of VIP inputs (synapses and close contacts) was determined. The number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses received by the cell bodies of submucous neurons varied from 0–4 and the number of VIP-immunoreactive close contacts varied from 3–10. There was no significant difference between VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and non-VIP nerve cell bodies in the number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses and close contacts they received. Thus, the implication from light microscopy that NOS/VIP terminals end predominantly on VIP nerve cells was not vindicated by electron microscopy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050443
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A whole range of fine structural criteria for immunohistochemically identified LH cells in rats (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary basophils ; Gonadotrophs ; LH Cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pars anterior ; Cell identification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pituitaries from normal, young and adult male rats were fixed either in sublimate-formalin or in glutaraldehyde-osmium. In adjacent Paraplast sections, almost all the gonadotrophs were immunostained with both LH and FSH antisera. The rat LHβ and FSH antisera used were shown to be highly specific by the absorption test and by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Thin and thick adjacent Epon sections were prepared for EM and immunohistochemical examination. Cells stained with the rat LHβ antiserum were identified by LM, and then observed in detail by EM. On the basis of these observations we suggest that the LH cells are arranged in a sequence of basophils, i.e., Types II/III, III, III/IV and IV: Type II/III basophils are elongate with a cytoplasmic process and less vesiculated. They have morphological features of Type II (classical thyrotrophs) and also of Type III basophils. Type III basophils are oval in shape and moderately vesiculated. Both Types II/III and III basophils can be divided into two classes of cell characterized mainly by the existence of only small secretory granules (150–220 nm in diameter) (Type A) or by the coexistence of small and large (350–500 nm) (Type B). Type III/IV basophils are cells intermediate between types III and IV basophils, and moderately vesiculated with an abundance of secretory granules (150–300 nm in diameter). Type IV basophils are large, spherical or oval cells whose RER cisternae are conspicuously dilated; they contain less numerous secretory granules (150–300 nm in diameter). It is concluded that LH cells are not a single cell type, but include a wide range of subtypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233820
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of melatonin in the pineal gland, the retina and the Harderian gland (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 105-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Melatonin ; Pineal gland ; Retina ; Harderian gland ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The presence of melatonin is demonstrated in the pineal gland, the retina and the Harderian gland in some mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates, using a specific fluorescence labelled antibody technique. Four different potent antibodies against melatonin have been used and compared. In the pineal gland of hamsters, mice, rats and snakes, specific fluorescence, mostly restricted to the cytoplasm of the cells, is detected in pinealocytes. Fluorescence is also detected in the pineal organ of fishes, tortoises and lizards, but it has not been possible, from cryostat sections of fresh tissue, to assert which kind of cell is reacting (photoreceptor cells or interstitial ependymal cells). In the retina, fluorescence is almost exclusively restricted to the outer nuclear layer. In the Harderian gland of mammals and reptiles, fluorescence is localized in the secretory cells of the alveoli and mostly restricted to the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. These results are discussed in relation to the concept of melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites independent of pineal production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233830
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of CD44, the hyaluronate receptor, on the plasma membrane of osteocytes and osteoclasts in rat tibiae (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: CD44 ; adhesion molecule ; Bone ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. CD44 is a multifunctional adhesion molecule that binds to hyaluronic acid, type I collagen, and fibronectin. We have studied the immunohistochemical localization of CD44 in bone cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in order to clarify its role in the cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interaction of bone cells. In round osteoblasts attached to bone surfaces, immunoreactivity is restricted to their cytoplasmic processes. On the other hand, osteocytes in bone matrices show intense immunoreactivity on their plasma membrane. Intense immunoreactivity for CD44 can be detected on the basolateral plasma membranes of osteoclasts. There is considerably less reactivity observed in the area of the plasma membrane that is in direct contact with bone. The pre-embedding electron-microscopical method has revealed that CD44 is mainly localized on the basolateral plasma membrane of osteoclasts. However, the ruffled border and clear zone show little immunoreactivity. A CD44-positive reaction can be detected on both plasma membranes in the contact region between osteoclasts and osteocytes. These findings suggest that: 1) cells of the osteoblast lineage express CD44 in accordance with their morphological changes from osteoblasts into osteocytes; 2) osteoclasts express CD44 on their basolateral plasma membrane; 3) CD44 in osteoclasts and osteocytes may play an important role in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix attachment via extracellular matrices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307793
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical codes of sensory neurons innervating the guinea-pig adrenal gland (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal gland ; Dorsal root ganglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofilament ; Neuronal tracing ; Neuropeptides ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Substance P ; Guinea-pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Retrograde neuronal tracing in combination with double-labelling immunofluorescence was applied to distinguish the chemical coding of guinea-pig primary sensory neurons projecting to the adrenal medulla and cortex. Seven subpopulations of retrogradely traced neurons were identified in thoracic spinal ganglia T1-L1. Five subpopulations contained immunolabelling either for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) alone (I), or for CGRP, together with substance (P (II), substance P/dynorphin (III), substance P/cholecystokinin (IV), and substance P/nitric oxide synthase (V), respectively. Two additional subpopulations of retrogradely traced neurons were distinct from these groups: neurofilament-immunoreactive neurons (VI), and cell bodies that were nonreactive to either of the antisera applied (VII). Nerve fibres in the adrenal medulla and cortex were equipped with the mediator combinations I, II, IV and VI. An additional meshwork of fibres solely labelled for nitric oxide synthase was visible in the medulla. Medullary as well as cortical fibres along endocrine tissue apparently lacked the chemical code V, while in the external cortex some fibres exhibited code III. Some intramedullary neuronal cell bodies revealed immunostaining for nitric oxide synthase, CGRP or substance P, providing an additional intrinsic adrenal innervation. Perikarya, immunolabelled for nitric oxide synthase, however, were too few to match with the large number of intramedullary nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive fibres. A non-sensory participation is also supposed for the particularly dense intramedullary network of solely neurofilament-immunoreactive nerve fibres. The findings give evidence for a differential sensory innervation of the guineapig adrenal cortex and medulla. Specific sensory neuron subpopulations suggest that nervous control of adrenal functions is more complex than hitherto believed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300702
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Areas of asbestoid (amianthoid) fibers in human thyroid cartilage characterized by immunolocalization of collagen types I, II, IX, XI and X (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Thyroid cartilage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Asbestoid fibers ; Amianthoid fibers ; Collagens ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The distribution of type I, II, IX, XI and X collagens in and close to areas of asbestoid (amianthoid) fibers in thyroid cartilages of various ages was investigated in this study. Asbestoid fibers were first detected in thyroid cartilage from a 3-year-old male child. Areas of asbestoid fibers functionally appear to serve as guide rails for vascularization of thyroid cartilage. Alcian blue staining in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2 revealed a loss of glycosaminoglycans in areas of asbestoid fibers. In addition, the fibers reacted positively with antibodies against collagen types II, IX and XI, but showed no staining with antibodies to collagen types I and X. Territorial matrix of adjacent chondrocytes showed the same staining pattern. In addition to staining for type II, IX and XI collagens, asbestoid fibers showed strong immunostaining for type I collagen after puberty but not for type X collagen. However, groups of chondrocytes within areas of asbestoid fibers reacted strongly with antibodies to type X collagen, suggesting that this collagen plays an important role in matrix of highly differentiated chondrocytes. The finding that these type X collagen-positive chondrocytes also revealed immunostaining for type I collagen confirms previous studies showing that hypertrophic chondrocytes can further differentiate into cells that are characterized by the synthesis of type X and I collagens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307807
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tissue- and cell-specific distribution of creatine kinase B: A new and highly specific monoclonal antibody for use in immunohistochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Creatine kinase ; B-subunit ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; Western blot ; Mouse (C57BL/6) ; Rabbit (New Zealand White)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A synthetic 17-mer peptide corresponding to an unique sequence in the amino-terminal region of human creatine kinase B was used to raise a new and highly B-subunit-specific monoclonal antibody, CK-BYK/21E10. We show here that the monoclonal antibody is suitable for immunohistochemistry of unfixed frozen sections as well as formaldehyde- or Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human, rabbit, and mouse tissues. Moreover, in the study of cell- and tissue-specific distribution patterns, parallel Western blot analysis and immuno-electron microscopy is possible using this antibody. Our analyses demonstrate that creatine kinase B expression is restricted to a specific subset of cell types in various tissues. In brain, the B-subunit was found only in neurocytes, but not in glia cells. High expression was also observed in inner segments of photoreceptor cells and the outer plexiform layer of the retina, in the parietal cells of the stomach and in gut enterocytes, gallbladder and epithelial cells of the urogenital system. The possible roles of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine-ATP system in these tissues are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307817
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of neural cell adhesion molecules, NCAMs, and their polysialylated forms, PSA-NCAMs, in the developing rat pituitary gland (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 463-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: NCAM ; PSA-NCAM ; Pituitary ; Development ; ontogenetic ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat(Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) can undergo post-translational modifications, such as the addition of polysialic acid chains, thus generating PSA-NCAMs, which are expressed mainly during development. Since polysialylation considerably modifies NCAM adhesivity, expression of NCAMs and PSA-NCAMs has been investigated in the developing hypophysis by immunohistochemistry. At embryonic day 13 (E13), an antibody against NCAM outlined all cellular profiles in the entire Rathke’s pouch; this labelling persisted until adulthood. NCAM expression increased in all lobes during development and concerned all pituitary cell types. In contrast, at E13, PSA-NCAMs were only detected in the neural lobe, solely constituted of pituicytes at this stage, and the tuberal lobe, the only lobe expressing hormonal mRNA at the same stage. PSA-NCAMs expression increased in the neural lobe at E17 with the arrival of the neurosecretory fibres and persisted into adulthood. In the anterior lobe, PSA-NCAMs appeared at E15 where their distribution was similar to that of the differentiating corticotrophic cells; at sub- sequent stages, their expression extended to the whole anterior lobe. Only two cell types, corticotrophic and somatotrophic cells, remained labelled in the adult gland. In the intermediate lobe, melanotrophic cells never expressed PSA-NCAMs but these were expressed on folliculo-stellate cells at birth, preceding the onset of innervation. These results suggest that NCAMs and PSA-NCAMs play a role in pituitary histogenesis, cell differentiation and neurointermediate lobe innervation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307820
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in mouse brain areas that are known to express high levels of aromatase activity (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 561-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Aromatase ; Reproduction ; Preoptic area ; Hypothalamus ; Limbic system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jackson/C57)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The transformation of testosterone into estradiol in the brain plays a key role in several behavioral and physiological processes, but it has been so far impossible to localize precisely the cells of the mammalian brain containing the relevant enzyme, viz., aromatase. We have recently established an immunohistochemical technique that allows the visualization of aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the quail brain. In this species, a marked increase in the optical density of aromatase-immunoreactive cells is observed in subjects that have been treated with the aromatase inhibitor, R76713 or racemic Vorozole. This increased immunoreactivity, associated with a total blockade of aromatase activity, has been used as a tool in the present study in which the distribution of aromatase-immunoreactive material has been reassessed in the brain of mice pretreated with R76713. As expected, the aromatase inhibitor increases the density of the immunoreactive signal in mice. Strongly immunoreactive cells are found in the lateral septal region, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central amygdala, and the dorso-lateral hypothalamus. A less dense signal is also present in the medial preoptic area, the nucleus accumbens, several hypothalamic nuclei (e.g., paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei), all divisions of the amygdala, and several regions of the cortex, especially the cortex piriformis. These data demonstrate that, contrary to previous claims, aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in all brain regions that have been shown previously to contain high aromatase activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318360
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reduced laminin immunoreactivity in the blood vessel wall of ageing rats correlates with reduced innervation in vivo and following transplantation (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Basal lamina ; Laminin ; Ageing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal microscopy ; Blood vessels ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Changes in extracellular matrix composition and/or organisation, and in particular in the ratio of axonal growth-promoting components such as laminin to growth-inhibiting molecules, could contribute to the degenerative changes observed in the innervation of some peripheral tissues in old age. We have investigated this issue by evaluating laminin content or accessibility at various locations on blood vessels where we had pre- viously studied age-related alterations in innervation density. We have employed a morphological approach, measuring laminin immunoreactivity by a densitometric application of confocal microscopy, because more conventional biochemical techniques would have been unable to distinguish specific, localized changes in laminin at sites accessible to nerves from heterogeneous changes in other areas of the vessel wall, such as the endothelial basal lamina. We found that in 24-month-old rats laminin immunoreactivity is decreased by 50% at the medial-adventitial border in association with the outer layer of smooth muscle cells, where a parallel decrease is observed in innervation density. Axonal terminals were shown to have access to laminin in this region of the blood vessel wall by double staining with laminin and a general neuronal marker. Changes in laminin immunoreactivity were region-specific on the same blood vessel, thus excluding the possibility of a generalized decrease in immunoreactivity in old age. For example, in the basilar artery intensity of laminin immunoreactivity decreased in old age at the medial-adventitial border, but showed no change in endothelial cell basal lamina and in the adventitia. Moreover, we performed in oculo transplants of blood vessels displaying differences in laminin immunoreactivity and found that the density of innervation correlated with the intensity of laminin staining, thus lending further support to the hypothesis that laminin might play a role in nerve fibre atrophy in old age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307955
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization and localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; pars distalis ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Radioimmunoassay (RIA) studies on highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions of brain extracts of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, provided evidence for at least two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). One form showed chromatographic and immunological properties similar to that of synthetic salmon GnRH (sGnRH). A second, unidentified form of GnRH eluted in the same position as chicken GnRH I (cGnRH-I); however, it did not cross-react in a cGnRH-I RIA. Furthermore, it cannot be excluded that chicken GnRH II (cGnRH-II) and maybe one other unidentified form are present in the stickleback. The distribution of GnRH in the brain of breeding adult male sticklebacks was studied by use of immunohistochemistry. Two antisera against sGnRH and antisera against mGnRH and cGnRH-II were applied on cryosections and visualized using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Staining patterns were similar after incubations with all four antisera. Immunoreactive fibers were found in most parts of the brain. Three distinct groups of GnRH-immunoreactive perikarya were found in the nucleus olfactoretinalis, in the nucleus anterior periventricularis, and in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. Moreover, weakly stained cells occurred in a periventricular position in the midbrain. The proximal pars distalis of the pituitary, housing the gonadotropic cells, was richly innervated by GnRH-positive fibers. In the pars intermedia and in the rostral pars distalis, immunoreactive fibers were absent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318162
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The distinct gene expression of the pro-hormone convertases in the rat heart suggests potential substrates (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 539-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pro-hormone convertases ; Cardiovascular tissues ; Pro-atrial natriuretic factor ; Pro-endothelin ; Processing ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The present study examined the distribution of the pro-hormone convertases PC1, PC2, furin, PACE4 and PC5 in the rat heart. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from cardiac tissues showed high levels of furin and PACE4 mRNA in the atria and ventricles, while PC5 mRNA was found to be expressed at high levels in the dorsal aorta. Although undetectable by Northern blot analysis, both PC1 and PC2 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in discrete regions of the intracardiac para-aortic ganglia. In situ hybridization studies also showed that furin mRNA was observed in all cardiac tissues and cells, consistent with the previously reported ubiquitous expression of this gene. PACE4 mRNA was highly abundant in both the atria and ventricular cardiomyocytes, with low to undetectable levels observed in blood vessels. Finally, PC5 transcripts were expressed in the endothelial cells lining coronary vessels and the valve leaflets of the heart. The present localization studies in the heart and cardiac blood vessels suggests potential roles for each convertase in the processing of various neuropeptides, hormones and growth factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318166
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunogold labelling of estradiol receptor in MCF7 cells (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Estradiol receptor ; Breast cancer cells ; Cell culture ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The distribution of estradiol receptor in serial sections of estradiol-deprived and estradiol-stimulated MCF7 cells was studied by using mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with different domains of the receptor and goat-antimouse IgG/6 nm gold. In the nucleus and the cytoplasm of estradiol-deprived cells, the receptor was detected by all three monoclonals (13H2, HT 65 and MA1-310). The antibodies 13H2 and MA1-310 detected receptor associated to the microfilament bundles in the cytoplasm. Higher densities of antireceptor attachment to the nuclear areas were accompanied by a reduction in the attachment to the cytoplasm after estradiol stimulation of the cells. The results confirm earlier observations on the presence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in estradiol-deprived cells and support the premise of an es- tradiol-induced translocation of this ligand-dependent transcription regulator.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050303
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphometric analysis of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules in atriocytes of rats with experimental congestive heart failure (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 575-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: A-V fistula ; Immunohistochemistry ; Atrial natriuretic peptides ; Congestive heart failure ; Atriocyte ; Rat (Wistar-Munich)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The morphometric characteristics of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules were studied in atrial myoendocrine cells of rats with aorto-caval fistula, an experimental model of congestive heart failure. A total of 6680 granules of control and aorto-caval rats were analyzed by a computerized image analysis system that evaluated the number and sectioned surface area of granules and their subcellular location. Compared with control animals, rats with congestive heart failure displayed a slight increase in the number of peripheral granules, adjacent to the sarcolemma, but not centrally located in the Golgi areas. The mean sectioned surface area of granules in rats with congestive heart failure was about 50% of that in controls, both in the right and left atria. Rats with aorto-caval fistula had a higher percent of small granules and lower percent of large granules compared with controls. The data demonstrate different morphometric characteristics in atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules in atriocytes in rats with experimental congestive heart failure; this may reflect the enhanced synthesis and release of atrial natriuretic peptide in heart failure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050316
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Noradrenergic and adrenergic systems in the brain of the urodele amphibian, Pleurodeles waltlii, as revealed by immunohistochemical methods (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 619-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Brain ; Noradrenaline ; Adrenaline ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pleurodeles waltlii (Urodela)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The distribution of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the brain of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii has been studied with antibodies raised against noradrenaline and the enzymes dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase. Noradrenaline-containing cell bodies were found in the anterior preoptic area, the hypothalamic nucleus of the periventricular organ, the locus coeruleus and in the solitary tract/area postrema complex at the level of the obex. Noradrenergic fibers are widely distributed throughout the brain innervating particularly the ventrolateral forebrain, the medial amygdala, the lateral part of the posterior tubercle, the parabrachial region and the ventrolateral rhombencephalic tegmentum. Putative adrenergic cell bodies were found immediately rostral to the obex, ventral to the solitary tract. Whereas the cell bodies and their dendrites were Golgi-like stained, axons were more difficult to trace. Nevertheless, some weakly immunoreactive fibers could be traced to the basal forebrain. A comparison of these results with data previously obtained in anurans reveals not only several general features, but also some remarkable species differences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050321
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunogold labelling of estradiol receptor in MCF7 cells (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Estradiol receptor ; Breast cancer cells ; Cell culture ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution of estradiol receptor in serial sections of estradiol-deprived and estradiol-stimulated MCF7 cells was studied by using mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with different domains of the receptor and goat-antimouse IgG/6 nm gold. In the nucleus and the cytoplasm of estradiol-deprived cells, the receptor was detected by all three monoclonals (13H2, HT 65 and MA1-310). The antibodies 13H2 and MA1-310 detected receptor associated to the microfilament bundles in the cytoplasm. Higher densities of antireceptor attachment to the nuclear areas were accompanied by a reduction in the attachment to the cytoplasm after estradiol stimulation of the cells. The results confirm earlier observations on the presence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in estradiol-deprived cells and support the premise of an estradiol-induced translocation of this ligand-dependent transcription regulator.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318156
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    FMRFamide is endogenous to the Aplysia heart (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): FMRFamide ; Neuropeptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Neurohormone ; Aplysia californica (Mollusca)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The presence of the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide was investigated in the heart of the sea hare, Aplysia californica. Immunohistochemical localization and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with radioimmunoassays of HPLC fractions were used to demonstrate the presence of FMRFamide and FLRFamide in the heart. FMRFamide-immunoreactive (FMRFamide-IR) nerve fibers, varicosities, and neuronal somata were observed in whole-mounts of the hearts. The atrium and atrioventricular (AV) valve regions contained significantly higher densities (P〈0.05, ANOVA) of immunoreactive varicosities compared to the ventricle. The high density of FMRF-amide-IR varicosities in the atrium and the lack of sensitivity of this region to FMRFamide suggest that the atrium may be a neurohemal organ for the release of FMRF-amide. The presence of FMRFamide-IR somata in the Aplysia heart suggests that peripheral neurons may play a role in modifying heart activity, independent of the central nervous system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319123
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical examination of intraspinal serotonin neurons and fibers in the chicken lumbar spinal cord and coexistence with Leu-enkephalin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) ; Enkephalin ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken (White leghorn)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Intraspinal serotonin-positive cells and fibers were examined in the chicken lumbar spinal cord following removal of descending serotonin fibers by spinal transection. Co-localization of Leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in intraspinal serotonin cells was also examined using a double immunofluorescence labeling technique. By one or two weeks after spinal transection, virtually all supraspinal serotonin fibers were eliminated. Intraspinal serotonin cells were located ventral or ventrolateral to the central canal corresponding to laminae VII, VIII, and IX, and the anterior funiculus. Intraspinal serotonin cells sent fibers to (1) the pia mater on the ventral or ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord; (2) vessels in the spinal cord; (3) sympathetic preganglionic column of Terni; (4) other intraspinal serotonin neurons; (5) the central canal. Some 30%–50% of the intraspinal serotonin cells co-localized with Leu-enkephalin. Intraspinal serotonin fibers co-containing Leu-enkephalin were observed in the pia mater located on the most lateral surface of the spinal cord.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318871
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Areas of asbestoid (amianthoid) fibers in human thyroid cartilage characterized by immunolocalization of collagen types I, II, IX, XI and X (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Thyroid cartilage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Asbestoid fibers ; Amianthoid fibers ; Collagens ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution of type I, II, IX, XI and X collagens in and close to areas of asbestoid (amianthoid) fibers in thyroid cartilages of various ages was investigated in this study. Asbestoid fibers were first detected in thyroid cartilage from a 3-year-old male child. Areas of asbestoid fibers functionally appear to serve as guide rails for vascularization of thyroid cartilage. Alcian blue staining in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2 revealed a loss of glycosaminoglycans in areas of asbestoid fibers. In addition, the fibers reacted positively with antibodies against collagen types II, IX and XI, but showed no staining with antibodies to collagen types I and X. Territorial matrix of adjacent chondrocytes showed the same staining pattern. In addition to staining for type II, IX and XI collagens, asbestoid fibers showed strong immunostaining for type I collagen after puberty but not for type X collagen. However, groups of chondrocytes within areas of asbestoid fibers reacted strongly with antibodies to type X collagen, suggesting that this collagen plays an important role in matrix of highly differentiated chondrocytes. The finding that these type X collagen-positive chondrocytes also revealed immunostaining for type I collagen confirms previous studies showing that hypertrophic chondrocytes can further differentiate into cells that are characterized by the synthesis of type X and I collagens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307807
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efferent projections from the retrochiasmatic area to the median eminence and to the pars nervosa of the hypophysis with special reference to the A15 dopaminergic cell group in the sheep (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 561-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Anterograde tracers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; A15 dopaminergic group ; Retrochiasmatic area ; Prolactin secretion ; Sheep
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Anterograde tracers, viz. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and fluorescein dextran, were used in conjunction with tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry to study the projections of the A15 dopaminergic cell group towards the median eminence and pituitary in sheep. After injection of the tracers in the retrochiasmatic area, which contains the cell group A15, fibres containing anterograde tracer were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence and in the pars nervosa of the pituitary. Numerous tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive fibres were present in the external zone of the median eminence and in the pars intermedia and the pars nervosa of the pituitary, with characteristic patterns of organisation in each area. Most tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibres containing fluorescein dextran were located in the pars nervosa, whereas only a few were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence. It was concluded that at least part of the dopaminergic innervation of the pars nervosa originated from the A15 group. These results provide morphological evidence for (1) the role of dopaminergic neurons of the A15 cell group in the seasonal control of prolactin secretion via the release of dopamine in the pars nervosa, and (2) putative physiological interactions between dopamine and the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones in sheep.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050452
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tyrosine hydroxylase in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.): an immunohistochemical study (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Catecholamine neurons ; Invertebrate nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cerebral ganglia ; Periplaneta americana (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have investigated the distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Groups of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell bodies occur in various parts of the three regions of the cerebral ganglia. In the protocerebrum, single large neurons or small groups of neurons are located in the lateral neuropil, adjacent to the calyces, and in the dorsal portion of the pars intercerebralis. Small scattered cell bodies are found in the outer layers of the optic lobe, and clusters of larger cell bodies can be found in the deutocerebrum, medial and lateral to the antennal glomeruli. Thick bundles of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive nerve fibers traverse the neuropil in the proto- and deutocerebrum and innervate the glomerular and the nonglomerular neuropil with fine varicose terminals. Dense terminal patterns are present in the medulla and lobula of the optic lobe, the pars intercerebralis, the medial tritocerebrum, and the area surrounding the antennal glomeruli, the central body and the mushroom bodies. The pattern of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity is similar to that previously described for catecholaminergic neurons, but it is distinctly different from the distribution of histaminergic and serotonergic neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319132
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxytocin-producing and vasopressin-producing eosinophils in the mouse spleen: immunohistochemical, immuno-electron-microscopic and in situ hybridization studies (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Spleen ; Oxytocin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; In situ hybridization ; Mouse (C57BL/6)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactive cells, and the cells expressing mRNAs for these peptides in the spleen of the C57BL/6 mouse were studied by immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. Immunoreactive cells were distributed mainly in the splenic cord and marginal zone, whereas there were few in the lymphocyte-packed periarteriolar-lymphoid sheath, lymphoid follicle and germinal center. More numerous vasopressin-positive cells were seen in the splenic cord. The colocalization of oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the same cells was identified by the investigation of mirror sections. By the pre-embedding immuno-electron-microscopic method using antisera against oxytocin and vasopressin, immunopositive reaction products were localized in the matrix around the specific granules, small clear vesicles and mitochondrial membrane of the eosinophils. No immunoreactivity to these peptides was found within the specific granules of the eosinophils. In situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes labeled with 32P revealed the presence of mRNAs for oxytocin and vasopressin in the cells of the spleen, the distribution of the mRNAs for these peptides being the same as that of immunopositive cells. These observations suggest that eosinophils synthesize both oxytocin and vasopressin and store them in the matrix. Possible differences in the mechanism of synthesis and storage of these peptides between peripheral eosinophils and hypothalamic neurons are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307953
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Origins of nerve fibers containing nitric oxide synthase in the rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nitric oxide synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retrograde tracing ; Celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion ; Sensory ganglion ; Spinal cord ; Intestine ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The origin of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers in rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion was examined using retrograde tracing techniques combined with the immunofluorescence method. Fluoro-Gold was injected into the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neuronal cell bodies retrogradely labeled with Fluoro-Gold in the thoracic spinal cord, the dorsal root ganglia at the thoracic level, the nodose ganglion, and the intestine from the duodenum to the proximal colon were examined for nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. About 60% of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase, as were approximately 27% of nodose ganglion neurons and about 65% of dorsal root ganglion neurons projecting to the cceliac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were found in the myenteric plexus of the small and large intestine. In the proximal colon, about 23% of such neurons were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase. However, in the small intestine, no immunoreactivity was found in these neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583390
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, in the mouse testis: its unique accumulation in spermatid nuclei (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Calcineurin ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatids ; Nuclear transformation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jcl:ICR, BALB/c)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Immunohistochemical localization of a calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, was studied in the mouse testis in relation to previous observations showing that calmodulin is unusually rich in spermatogenic stages from mid-pachytene spermatocytes to elongating spermatids. The antibodies raised against calcineurin from scallop testis reacted with subunit B, but not subunit A, of calcineurin isoforms from mouse brain and testis. Indirect immunofluorescence using these antibodies on the mouse testis revealed positive reactions only in the nuclei of round or elongating spermatids: calcineurin started to accumulate in nuclei from the acrosomal cap phase, peaked at the initial stage of nuclear elongation, and decreased thereafter. There was almost no signal in the cytoplasm; spermatogenic cells at other stages, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, mature sperm, and other somatic cells in the seminiferous tubules were totally negative. Immuno-electron microscopy gave the same result, on the basis of measuring the density of immunogold particles. These results suggest a role for calcineurin in remodeling of the nuclear chromatin in metamorphosing spermatids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583396
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anti-peptide antibodies specific for the gastrin/cholecystokinin-B receptor (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 1 (1995), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Schlagwort(e): G-protein receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gastrointestinal hormones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Seven synthetic peptides, between 7–22 residues long, corresponding to six different parts of the gastrin/CCKB receptor molecule which are conserved among the species, were used for raising antibodies. The peptides were coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanine and injected into rabbits. ELISA analysis demonstrated that all peptides produced an immune response after three to six injections given at biweekly intervals. The titer ranged from 1:104 to 1:105. All antibodies recognized a 78 kDa protein on immunoblots of NIH 3T3 cells stably transfected with human gastrin/CCKB receptor cDNA, as well as human and guinea pig stomach mucosal extracts. Preincubation of the sera with the corresponding peptides abolished the staining. Indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed that four antibodies out of the seven tested recognized the receptor in fixed COS-7 cells transiently transfected with human gastrin/CCKB receptor cDNA. The reactive antibodies were raised against the peptides corresponding to receptor residues 40–58, 153–160, 288–294 and 356–372. Immunohistochemical staining of guinea pig stomach using these antisera resulted in intense staining of parietal cells in the fundus and cardia regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00127268
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain and infundibulum of the sheep (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; GnRH ; Brain ; Infundibulum ; Sheep
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was studied in the brain and infundibulum (INF) or median eminence of sheep utilizing a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. This procedure utilized a specific antiserum generated against GnRH conjugated to bovine serum albumin. In the rostral INF, the greatest concentration of GnRH positive axons was found in the medial region, mostly in the external layer dorsal to the hypophysial portal plexus. In the intermediate portion of the INF, the hormone was mainly observed in the external layer at the more dorsolateral areas ventral to the tuberoinfundibular sulcus. GnRH was generally located medially in the caudal portion of the INF and dorsomedially in the rostral infundibular stalk. Substantial amounts of reaction product were also noted in the internal layer throughout the entire rostrocaudal extent of the INF. The hormone was localized in axons throughout the brain from the septal and medial preoptic areas to the mammillary bodies. GnRH-positive perikarya were scattered in various regions of the infundibular (arcuate) and for the first time in the ventromedial nuclei of sheep hypothalamus. Preabsorption of the specific antiserum with synthetic GnRH abolished staining in both axons and perikarya, whereas preabsorption with thyrotropin releasing hormone, oxytocin, arginine-vasopressin, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone did not affect staining intensity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236258
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of polypeptide hormones in endocrine cells of the digestive tract of Branchiostoma lanceolatum (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 445-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Polypeptide hormones ; Digestive tract Branchiostoma lanceolatum ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The digestive tract of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum was investigated with regard to occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells. By the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, cells in the gut epithelium reacting with antisera against 8 different mammalian polypeptide hormones were localized. Positive reactions were obtained with antisera against the four mammalian islet hormones (insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin) and against secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pentagastrin and neurotensin. No immunoreactivity was found with antisera against members of the lipotropin family (ACTH, met-enkephalin, α-endorphin), against big-gastrin, cholecystokinin, substance P and moulin. The exact mapping of the different polypeptide immunoreactive cells throughout the digestive tract of Branchiostoma lanceolatum is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209985
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Peptide-containing neurons intrinsic to the gut wall (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 225-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuropeptides ; Peptidergic neurons ; Gut innervation ; Intrinsic nerves ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Nerve fibers containing substance P, VIP, enkephalin or somatostatin are numerous in the porcine gut wall. They are particularly numerous in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses where peptide-containing cell bodies are also observed. Peptide-containing nerve fibers occur also in the vagus nerves, suggesting that the gut receives an extrinsic supply of peptidergic nerves. The extrinsic contribution to the peptide-containing nerve supply of the gut wall has not yet been quantitatively assessed. In an attempt to clarify this question pigs were subjected to bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Another group of animals was subjected to complete extrinsic denervation by autotransplantation of a jejunal segment. The pigs were killed at various time intervals after the operations; the longest time interval studied was four months. Following vagotomy the innervation pattern of the jejunum appeared completely unaffected. Following complete extrinsic denervation the adrenergic nerve fibers disappeared, while peptide-containing and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers remained apparently unaltered. This was confirmed chemically in the case of substance P. The motor activity of smooth muscle from the jejunum was studied in vitro. At low stimulation frequencies the smooth muscle from control jejunum responded by relaxation; upon cessation of stimulation a contraction occurred. With increasing stimulation frequencies the duration of the relaxation decreased; at high frequency stimulation only a contraction was recorded. In the autotransplant low frequency stimulation induced no or only a weak relaxation; high frequency stimulation induced contraction. After cholinergic and adrenergic blockade, the muscle responded with relaxation at all frequencies; the response was similar in innervated and denervated specimens. On the whole, the effects of extrinsic denervation on the motor activity of smooth muscle from porcine jejunum were minor, possibly reflecting the high degree of autonomy of the gut.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249207
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron microscopic study of immunoreactive LHRH perikarya with special reference to neuronal regulation (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): LHRH neuron ; Synapse ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electronmicroscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In early postnatal rats, immunoreactive LHRH perikarya in the preoptic area were studied by light and electron microscopy. Synaptic junctions were found between the immunoreactive perikaryon or its process, and the immunonegative nerve fibers. The significance of these synapses is discussed in relation to possible mechanisms by which the activities of LHRH neurons are regulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216754
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of nerve growth factor in the submandibular gland of the male and female mouse (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nerve growth factor ; Mouse ; Submandibular gland ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Nerve growth factor (NGF) was localized in the mouse submandibular gland by means of indirect immunofluorescence applied to 0.5 μmthick sections of freeze-dried, plastic-embedded tissue. The antibody to NGF (IgG-fraction) was raised in rabbits immunized with pure 2.5 S NGF from submandibular glands of adult male mice. In the male gland anti-NGF bound selectively to the secretory granules was present in the cells of the granular ducts. Immunoreactive granules extended from the perinuclear region toward the apical pole. In the female gland immunoreactive cells and granules were considerably less abundant than in males. Immunofluorescence was confined to individual secretory cells located in the wall of the granular striated duct. In the present study no support was found for the hypothesis suggesting that immunoreactive NGF is formed within the secretory granules during their transport from the perinuclear region to the apical pole.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216571
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical study of the responsiveness of LH cells of fetal rats to synthetic LHRH in vitro (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterior pituitary ; LH cells ; LHRH exposure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat fetus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fetal rat pituitaries on days 17–19 of gestation were maintained in serum-free Medium 199 for 24 h in the presence of 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml of synthetic LHRH. Immunohistochemical examination of such stimulated tissue reveals a complete depletion of immunoreactive material in most of the LH cells, irrespective of the LHRH concentrations tested, though some cells remain weakly immunopositive in the pituitaries of later developmental stages. Once discharge has occurred, there is little reaccumulation of secretory material in LH cells during prolonged incubation for 48 h in LHRH-free medium containing 10% calf serum. The LHRH treatment causes no immunohistochemical change in TSH cells. It is concluded that in fetal rats recently differentiated LH cells can release the secretory product if they are stimulated by hypothalamic LHRH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216569
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fine structural criteria for identifying rat corticotrophs (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 221-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterior pituitary (rat) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Corticotroph ; ACTH cell
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structural characteristics of normal rat corticotrophs stained with anti-porcine ACTH1–39 serum were studied. At the ultrastructure level immunoreactive corticotrophs appear to comprise four distinct cell types: (1) large stellate cells (Siperstein cells) containing granules (170–250 nm in diameter) arranged in a peripheral row and usually embracing an acidophil; (2) elongate spindle-shaped cells (Moriarty cells) in which the secretory granules (170–250 nm in diameter) are distributed in a row or in small clusters in the peripheral cytoplasm; (3) oval or polygonal cells filled only with small secretory granules (130–170 nm in diameter), resembling the “acidophil of small granules type” (Yoshimura et al. 1974); and (4) polygonal or stellate cells filled with secretory granules of varying diameters (180–300 nm in diameter) and occasionally embracing an acidophil. The first type is the most common, but the others are infrequent. It is concluded that the criteria of Siperstein and Miller (1970) do not necessarily include all categories of rat corticotrophs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210144
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