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  • Immunocytochemistry  (203)
  • Springer  (203)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (203)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of calmodulin in cells secreting by exocytosis (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1340-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; calmodulin ; secretory granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calmodulin is a regulator of several calcium-dependent cellular processes. It has been suggested that it plays a role in the mechanism of secretion. Employing an indirect immunoperoxidase technique at the light microscope level, this study demonstrates the presence of calmodulin in several exocytotic cells (mast cells, thyroid follicular cells, neurohypophyseal neurosecretory terminals, pancreaticβ-cells and pancreatic acinus cells) in rat and man. The positive staining reaction for calmodulin was granular and at least in the case of rat mast cells it appeared to be associated with the granule membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952085
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of methyl-coenzyme M reductase in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 147 (1987), S. 190-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum ; Methyl-CoM reductase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Colloidal gold ; Energy conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum were fixed with glutaraldehyde, sectioned and labeled with antibodies against the β subunit of component C (=methyl-CoM reductase) of methyl-CoM reductase system and with colloidal gold-labeled protein A. It was found that the gold particles were located predominantly in the vicinity of the cytoplasmic membrane, when the cells were grown under conditions where methyl-CoM reductase was not overproduced. This finding confirms the recent data obtained with Methanococcus voltae showing via the same immunocytochemical localization technique that in this organism methyl-CoM reductase is membrane associated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00415283
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular protein fibrils in Chrysochromulina breviturrita (Prymnesiophyceae) and their serological relationship to fungal fimbriae (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1986), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Extracellular proteins ; Surface fibrils ; Algae-fungi-Chrysochromulina ; Immunocytochemistry ; Agglutination ; Fimoriae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An extensive network of extracellular fibrils was revealed by negative staining in the greenish gold algal flagellate, Chrysochromulina breviturrita. These fibrils were of uniform diameter (4–5 nm), sometimes exceeding 5 μm in length. In addition there were short, narrower fibrils (2–3 nm) on the surface of the flagella. Six protein bands were isolated from spent culture medium by SDS-PAGE and one of 80,000 Da was found to polymerize after dialysis into 4–5 nm fibrils identical to those found on the cell surface. Two other proteins of 58,000 Da and 65,000 Da also formed 4–5 nm fibrils but these were either rare or of a shorter length and different appearance. An antiserum directed against the surface 7 nm fibrils (fimbriae) of fungi agglutinated cells of C. breviturrita and some other Prymnesiophyceae and Chrysophyceae, but did not agglutinate cells of algal species in other groups. Immunofluorescence and protein A gold labelling confirmed that antigens related to fungal fimbriae were present on the surface of cells of C. breviturrita. Only the 80,000 and 58,000 Da proteins labelled heavily following protein A gold labelling. Some individual 4–5 nm fibrils labelled with gold were observed in the material prepared from the 80,000 Da band. These results therefore establish that C. breviturrita produces a surface network of fibrils that are serologically related to the fimbriae of fungi, and suggest a previously unrecognized relationship between members of the Prymnesiophyceae, Chrysophyceae and fungal groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403218
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of two key enzymes of the 2-hydroxyglutarate pathway of glutamate fermentation in Acidaminococcus fermentans (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 504-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Acidaminococcus fermentans ; Glutamate fermentation ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Post-embedding labelling ; Antibody-gold complexes ; Protein A-gold complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the in situ location of glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase and 2-htdroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase in Acidaminococcus fermentans using the antibody-gold and protein A-gold techniques carried out as a post-embedding immunoelectron microscopic procedure. Polyclonal antisera were raised in rabbits against homogeneous fractions of the enzymes. Anaerobically grown cells of A. fermentans of the late exponential growth phase were fixed with 0.2% glutaraldehyde and 0.3% formaldehyde (final concentrations) in the growth medium. Dehydration of the cells was achieved with methanol. The cells were embedded in the low temperature embedding resin Lowicryl K4M. The markers indicative for antigenic sites of the two enzymes unequivocally demonstrate that the sodium pump glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase is located at the cell periphery being a membrane-bound enzyme as expected whereas 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase is a soluble cytoplasmic enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422295
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dihydroxyacetone synthase is localized in the peroxisomal matrix of methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Hansenula polymorpha ; Peroxisomes ; Methanol ; Dihydroxyacetone synthase ; Cell fractionation ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The subcellular localization of dihydroxyacetone synthase (DHAS) in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha was studied by various biochemical and immunocytochemical methods. After cell fractionation involving differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation of protoplast homogenates prepared from methanol-grown cells, DHAS cosedimented with the peroxisomal enzymes alcohol oxidase and catalase. Electron microscopy of this fraction showed that it contained mainly intact peroxisomes, whereas SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two major protein bands (75 and 78 kDa) which were identified as alcohol oxidase and DHAS, respectively. The localization of DHAS in peroxisomes was further established by immunocytochemistry. After immuno-gold staining carried out on ultrathin sections of methanol-grown H. polymorpha using DHAS-specific antibodies, labelling was confined to the peroxisomal matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411242
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of nitrogenase in vesicles of Frankia sp. Cc1.17 by immunogoldlabelling on ultrathin cryosections (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1987), S. 327-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Actinomycetes ; Nitrogen fixation ; Symbiosis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultracryotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immunogoldlabelling on ultrathin cryosections of Frankia sp. Cc1.17 showed specific labelling of nitrogenase in the spherical cells called vesicles. No label was found in the hyphae in any cells grown on a medium with combined nitrogen, nor in those to which no specific antiserum was added. Similar results were obtained with cultures grown under high (20%) and low (2%) oxygen tension in the gas phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410930
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunochemical studies on xanthine dehydrogenase of soybean root nodules (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 167 (1986), S. 190-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glycine (xanthine dehydrogenase) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Polyclonal antibody ; Root nodule ; Xanthine dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH, EC 1.2.1.37) was purified from root nodules of soybean (Glycine max) and used to prepare a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Monospecificity of this antiserum was ascertained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipate. During root nodule development of soybean, only one form of XDH was detected on an immunological basis. Titration of XDH by immunoelectrophoresis showed that a remarkable increase in the amount of XDH occurred between two and four weeks after inoculation, in parallel with the increase in enzyme activity. Localization of XDH by immunofluorescence indicated that the enzyme was present exclusively in uninfected cells where it appeared to be associated with discrete organellels
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391414
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of phaseolin and phytohemagglutinin in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of developing bean cotyledons (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 164 (1985), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cotyledon ; Golgi complex ; Immunocytochemistry ; Phaseolus (seed proteins) ; Phaseolin ; Phytohemagglutinin ; Protein (seeds)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Development of legume seeds is accompanied by the synthesis of storage proteins and lectins, and the deposition of these proteins in protein-storage vacuoles (protein bodies). We examined the subcellular distribution, in developing seeds of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., of the major storage protein (phaseolin) and the major lectin (phytohemagglutinin, PHA). The proteins were localized using an indirect immunocytochemical method in which ultrathin frozen sections were immunolabeled with rabbit antibodies specific for either PHA or phaseolin. Bound antibodies were then localized using goat-anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G adsorbed onto 4- to 5-nm colloidal gold particles. The sections were post-fixed with OsO4, dehydrated, and embedded in plastic on the grids. Both PHA and phaseolin exhibited a similar distribution in the storage-parenchyma cells, being found primarily in the developing protein bodies. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes (cisternal stacks and associated vesicles) also were specifically labeled for both proteins, whereas the cytosol and other organelles, such as mitochondria, were not. We interpret these observations as supporting the hypothesis that the transport of storage proteins and lectins from their site of synthesis, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, to their site of deposition, the protein bodies, is mediated by the Golgi complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402940
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The major albumin protein from pea (Pisum sativum L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 165 (1985), S. 522-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Albumin (localisation) ; Cotyledon ; Pisum (albumin protein) ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The major albumin protein in storage parenchyma tissue of developing peas has been localised at an ultrastructural level by immunocytochemistry. Tissue was fixed in buffered aldehyde and embedded in LR White resin which was polymerised by addition of catalyst. Sections were labelled by the indirect method of absorption of Protein A-gold to specifically bound antibodies. This method gives high levels of specific labelling on sections which retain good ultrastructural preservation and have high contrast after conventional staining. The albumin is located throughout the cytoplasm although no labelling was found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles-protein bodies or other organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398098
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence, distribution and nature of neuropeptide Y in the rat pancreas (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1554-1557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; neuropeptide Y ; radioimmunoassay ; rat pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Significant quantities of a newly discovered peptide, neuropeptide Y, were found in the rat pancreas, where they were localized to nerves in the exocrine parenchyma and around arterial and ductal structures. Although unaffected by surgical parasympathectomy, the periarterial and periductal nerves were abolished by chemical sympathectomy, suggesting that NPY is partially costored with sympathetic transmitters in nerve fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964804
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptides in free-living and parasitic flatworms (Platyhelminthes). An immunocytochemical study (1986)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 132 (1986), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Turbellaria ; Cestoda ; Neuropeptides ; Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nervous systems of the turbellarians Microstomum lineare and Polycelis nigra and of the cestodes Diphyllobothrium dendriticum and Schistocephalus solidus were studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical method, with the use of antisera to the neuropeptides FMRF-amide, vasotocin, leu-enkephalin, met-enkephalin, neurotensin, somatostatin, and VIP, and to the bioamine serotonin. Anti-FMRF-amide positive perikarya and fibers occurred in all species, while the occurrence of the vertebrate brain-gut peptides and serotonin varied between the species. Anti-somatostatin and anti-VIP gave a negative result. Anti-FMRF-amide and anti-vasotocin positive immunoreactivity was found in the brain and gut of M. lineare, and in the CNS and the peripheral nerve net of the cestodes. We suggest that the brain-gut peptides of free-living flatworms act on the subtegumental region in the cestodes, which lack a gut but absorb their nutrients directly through the tegument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00046234
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein A-gold immunocytochemistry of isocitrate lyase in cotton seeds (1985)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 124 (1985), S. 157-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Glyoxysomes ; Gossypium ; Immunocytochemistry ; Isocitrate lyase ; Protein A-gold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The protein A-gold technique with plastic-embedded sections was used to localize isocitrate lyase (ICL) in cotyledons of mature (50-day-postanthesis) and germinated (24 and 48 hours old) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seeds. This is the first report of an ultrastructural localization of a glyoxysomal enzyme by post-embeddment immunocytochemistry. Standard glutaraldehyde, post-osmium tetroxide (3%, 2%) fixation resulted in the retention of more ICL antigenicity in sections of germinated seeds than with aldehyde fixation alone. This became apparent only after overcoming the masking effect of osmium tetroxide on protein antigenicity by pretreatment of sections with sodium metaperiodate. The pattern of gold labeling showed that enzyme was distributed throughout the glyoxysomal matrix including amorphous nucleoid inclusions. Specific association of any enzyme with these structures has not been demonstrated before. Activity of ICL was not detectable spectrophotometrically in extracts or isolated organelles of mature embryos, whereas antigen was demonstrated immunocytochemically and by double immunodiffusion. These results, plus biochemical evidence from our previous work, established the presence of glyoxysomes with a complete complement of enzymes in mature seeds. The increase in ICL activity following germination was accompanied by an increase in density of gold particles over glyoxysomal matrices. Transformation of density values through stereological formulae to a hypothetical number of particles per glyoxysome revealed a 4-fold increase in immunocytochemical detectability which correlated with the 4-fold increase in enzyme activity between 24- and 48-hour post-imbibition. We were unable to detect a site of synthesis despite good ultrastructural preservation of polysomes, likely due to an extremely low concentration of nascent ICL molecules at any polysome when cell metabolism was terminated by fixation. Results of this study support the hypothesis developed in our laboratory that complete glyoxysomes are synthesized during cottonseed maturation, then enlarge and accumulate enzymes by post-translational additions from the cytosol for lipid mobilization during seedling growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01290766
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A polyclonal antibody (anticentrin) distinguishes between two types of fibrous flagellar roots in green algae (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 144 (1988), S. 56-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Centrin ; Ca2-modulated contractile protein ; Flagellar apparatus ; Green algae ; Fibrous flagellar roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The two main types of fibrous flagellar roots present in the flagellar apparatus of green algae (system I and system II fibers) are immunologically distinct as indicated by the localization of a Ca2+-modulated contractile protein (centrin) exclusively in one type (system II fibers) but not in the other type (system I fibers). A polyclonal antibody generated against the major protein of the striated flagellar roots (system II fibers) of the quadriflagellate green algaTetraselmis striata was used to localize centrin by immunofluorescence and pre- and postembedding immunogold electron microscopy in the flagellar apparatus ofSpermatozopsis similis, S. exsultans, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella bioculata, Polytomella parva and gametes ofMonostroma grevillei andEnteromorpha sp. Whereas the antibody recognizes centrin in connecting fibers and system II fibers, no labeling occurs in system I fibers in all taxa investigated. This study presents the first evidence that system I fibers lack centrin and indicates that the two main types of fibrous flagellar roots in green algae are biochemically distinct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320280
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in light-limited and light-saturated cells ofChlorella pyrenoidosa (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 149 (1989), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Pyrenoid ; Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ; Chlorella pyrenoidosa ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The localization of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (RuBisCO) in cells ofC. pyrenoidosa grown at varying light intensities was determined by immunoelectron microscopy. Log phase cells grown at photon flux densities of 25 and 75 μEm−2s−1 (light-limiting) and 540 μEm−2s−1 (light-saturating) were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde and embedded in Lowicryl K4M. Sections were labelled with antiserum to each subunit of RuBisCO followed by protein A-gold. At each light fluence rate, the pyrenoid was heavily labelled by each antibody whereas chloroplast stromal labelling was not above background levels. The apparent absence of stromal RuBisCO at each light level, and hence the lack of enzyme redistribution from pyrenoid to stroma following an increase in light fluence rate, suggests that pyrenoid RuBisCO is functional in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623980
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization of cytoskeletal changes through the life cycle inAcetabularia (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 134 (1986), S. 30-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Acetabularia ; Actin ; Cyst formation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Microtubules ; Plant cytoskeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cytoskeleton in the siphonous, marine green algaAcetabularia is visualized by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against plant alfa tubulin and animal smooth muscle actin. In the vegetative phase of the life cycle, when the cell grows a cylindrical stalk and until the reproductive cap is completed, actin forms continuous, parallel bundles that extend through the entire length of the stalk and cap rays respectively. Microtubules (MTs) cannot be detected until the primary nucleus, located in the rhizoid of the giant cell, divides to form thousands of secondary nuclei. MTs can then be seen radiating from each secondary nucleus that is encountered in the stalk on its migration upwards into the cap rays. They are oriented mostly parallel to the long axis of the cell. At arrival in the cap rays up to the “white spot” stage, when nuclei assume equidistant positions in the cap ray cytoplasm, a radiating system of MTs forms around each nucleus and dramatically increases until impressive radial arrays have developed. This phase coincides with a disappearance of actin bundles in the cap rays, but they are retained in the stalk cytoplasm. Shortly after that additional MTs appear around the disk like partitions of cap ray cytoplasm. Concomitantly, bundles of actin reappear colinearly with the circumferrential MTs eventually forming complete rings around each disk of cap ray cytoplasm. During this process the compartments of the future cysts are gradually bulging outwards and simultaneously the rings of actin sink inwards until domes are formed with the nuclei fixed in the top centers of the domes. At this stage the peripheral areas of the radiating MT systems around the nuclei start to break down, whereas the circumferrential MT systems remain intact. Subsequently, the rings of both actin and MTs decrease in diameter, and finally contract to a spot opposite the nucleus, while the cysts continue to develop their oval shape. After the cysts have become separated, they round up and enter several rounds of nuclear divisions. MTs form short radial arrays around each nucleus with minor changes due to a reduction of MTs during division followed by a reappearance after completion of each division. Actin is rearranged in the cysts to a cortical network of randomly oriented, short bundles, that is maintained until gamete formation sets in. These findings accentuate the involvement of Cytoskeletal elements in the key steps of morphogenesis inAcetabularia to an extent that is unknown in higher plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276373
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microtubule cytoskeleton in hyphae ofUromyces phaseoli germlings: Its relationship to the region of nucleation and to the F-actin cytoskeleton (1985)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 124 (1985), S. 112-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Immunocytochemistry ; Microfilaments ; Microtubules ; Microtubule organizing center ; Uromyces phaseoli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The microtubule and F-actin cytoskeleton of nondifferentiated germlings ofUromyces phaseoli was studied using immunofluorescence methodologies. The microtubules were oriented mostly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hypha. Microtubule depolymerizing agents, such as cold, demecolcine, griseofulvin and nocodazole, were effective in destroying the microtubule network, but not the F-actin system. Repolymerization of microtubules, following release from these agents, occurred first in the hyphal apices and not near the nuclei or spindle pole bodies. It was concluded that the microtubule nucleating region in such fungal cells is located in the apical regions. Enhanced microtubule arrays were visualized following incubation of the cells in taxol, an agent known to favor microtubule polymerization.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279730
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  • 17
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    Immunogold localization of prolamines in developingHaynaldia villosa endosperm (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 144 (1988), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Golgi complex ; Haynaldia villosa ; Immunocytochemistry ; Prolamines ; Protein A-gold ; Protein body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Haynaldia villosa is a wild grass belonging to the tribe Triticeae, which includes important crops such as wheat, barley, and rye. The alcohol-soluble proteins ofH. villosa have extensive immunological relatedness with wheat prolamines as visualized by Western blot analysis. Amorphous protein inclusions surrounded by a limiting membrane are commonly found in the vacuoles of endosperm and subaleurone layers ofH. villosa seeds. A layer of cells just beneath the aleurone layer is rich in ER. Unlike that in other cell types, the ER in these cells is highly dilated and contains materials at its swollen distal ends. These materials are structurally similar to substances found in the protein bodies. Protein A-gold immunocytochemical localization studies employing antibodies against wheat prolamine confirmed that the inclusions found in the lumen of the ER do not contain prolamines. This observation indicates that the ER does not act as the site of prolamine accumulation inH. villosa. Protein bodies found in the vacuoles and the vesicles associated with the Golgi complexes were specifically labeled. This suggests that Golgi complexes mediate the transport of prolamines into vacuoles ofH. villosa endosperm cells, in a fashion analogous to that of other vacuolar proteins of dicotyledonous plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320277
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  • 18
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    The pellicular complex of euglenoids (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 140 (1987), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Electrophoresis ; Euglenoids ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In a comparative study of the epiplasmic layers of the pellicular complex of several euglenoids, the following observations were made: 1. Pellicular strips are constructed on the same basic model with each species or group of species having undergone some modifications. 2. The molecular weights of the main proteinaceous constituents of the epiplasmic layer are located in similar zones (180–190 KD and 70–90 KD). 3. Epiplasmic proteins are only solubilized by denaturing agents such as urea/MET or guanidium hydrochloride/MET. 4. Epiplasmic layers consist of fairly basic proteins. 5. The links between epiplasmic proteins are mostly formed by disulfide bonds. 6. The major epiplasmic proteins share common antigenic determinants
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273254
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  • 19
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    Fine structural and immunohistochemical studies of goat adenohypophysial cells (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 315-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Fine structure ; Pituitary cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Goat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of each type of anterior pituitary cell in the male goat was studied through the application of a superimposition technique in which adjacent thick sections were used to identify individual cells beforehand by light-microscopic immunohistochemistry. A cone of the pars intermedia protrudes into the pars anterior, being surrounded by the narrow pituitary cleft; the immunohistochemical appearances of the cells forming the cone resemble those of the pars anterior. Several follicles appear in the pars anterior. Ultrastructurally GH cells resemble prolactin cells. The secretory granules of both types are spherical; the diameter of the former is about 340 nm, whereas that of the latter is about 440 nm. ACTH cells are polygonal in shape with secretory granules, about 180 nm in diameter, scattered throughout the cytoplasm. TSH cells, which are spherical in shape, contain the smallest secretory granules, 150 nm in diameter. The highly electron-dense LH cells contain numerous secretory granules about 210 nm in diameter. Their nuclei are irregular with incisures. Thus, the anterior pituitary cells of the goat are ultrastructurally characteristic and species-specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222341
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Reissner's fiber, massa caudalis and ampulla caudalis in the spinal cord of lamprey larvae (Geotria australis) (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reissner's fiber ; Massa caudalis ; Subcommissural organ ; Spinal cord ; Central canal ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin histochemistry ; Lamprey ; Geotria australis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subcommissural organ (SCO), Reissner's fiber (RF) and its massa caudalis of lamprey larvae (Geotria australis) were investigated immunocytochemically by use of an antiserum raised against bovine RF as primary antibody. The affinities of RF and massa caudalis for Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA) with and without previous acid hydrolysis, concanavalin A (Con A), wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), aldehyde fuchsin, and PAS reaction were also studied. SCO and massa caudalis were strongly immunoreactive, whereas RF proper was distinctly negative. RF did not react with Con A and RCA. Only the periphery of RF was WGA-positive. RCA showed affinity for RF only after acid hydrolysis. RF was homogeneously stained by the aldehyde-fuchsin and PAS-methods. At variance with RF proper, the periphery of the massa caudalis reacted with RCA without previous acid hydrolysis, but its core was WGA-positive and reacted with RCA only after hydrolysis. It is suggested that (i) RF has a coat of glycoproteins containing sialic acid as terminal residue, whereas the massa caudalis possesses a coat with galactose as terminal residue; (ii) in RF proper and the massa caudalis the spatial arrangement of glycoproteins might be different. Routine transmission electron-microscopic observations indicate that in larvae of Geotria australis an open communication exists between the ampulla caudalis and blood capillaries via large cavities or lacunae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218317
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    The localization and rate of disappearance of a synaptic vesicle antigen following denervation (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Denervation ; Cholinergic synaptic vesicles ; Proteoglycan ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; Torpedo marmorata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A proteoglycan-specific antiserum has been used to monitor the effects of denervation in the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. The antiserum was produced by injecting a highly purified synaptic vesicle fraction prepared from the electric organs of Torpedo marmorata. Following absorption the serum appears to be specific towards synaptic vesicles. The ultrastructural localization of the antigen determined by immuno-electron microscopy confirmed the specificity of the antiserum and showed that it did not crossreact with the proteoglycans of the basal lamina. The rate of disappearance of the vesicle proteoglycans following denervation was evaluated by means of the antiserum and was compared to the rate of disappearance of other vesicular and nerve terminal-associated markers. The results suggest that degeneration affects the vesicular constituents at varying rates resulting in a progressive disappearance of the entire functional capacity of the synaptic vesicles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217182
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    Fibronectin and its relation to the basal lamina and to the cell surface in the chicken blastoderm (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 391-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; Gastrulation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Basal lamina ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural distribution of fibronectin immunoreactivity was investigated in the chicken embryo during late gastrulation. Sites of binding of anti-fibronectin antibodies were ascribed to the basal lamina and associated structures, and to the cell surface. The fibronectin-rich basal lamina was resolved into (1) a lamina densa, which appears as a continuous, dense sheet, (2) a lamina lucida, consisting of anchoring cords between lamina densa and epithelial cells, and (3) a lamina intima, closely juxtaposed to the cell surface. Cell-surface labelling was also observed in mesoblast cells, and along the dorsal side of the deep-layer cells. The ventral side of the latter cells was poorly stained in the endophyllic crescent, except in coated pits, and more regularly stained at the level of definitive endoblast. Some structures associated with the basal lamina reacted intensely with anti-fibronectin antibodies. These are (1) the interstitial bodies, which are aggregates of extracellular material, and (2) a kind of fibril or tubule, embedded in a fibronectin matrix and mainly found in the endophyllic crescent. Some intracellular labelling was found in most deep-layer cells, in few epiblast cells, never in mesoblast cells. These results extend previous studies on the localization of fibronectin, and correlate its presence and surface topology with its postulated role in migration of mesoblast cells on the basal lamina which, chemically, constitutes an appropriate substrate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217185
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    Immunocytochemical identification of melanin-concentrating hormone in the brain and pituitary gland of the teleost fishes Oncorhynchus keta and Salmo gairdneri (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) ; Nucleus lateralis tuberis ; Hypothalamo-hypophysial relationship ; Immunocytochemistry ; Teleosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) has been purified from the chum salmon pituitary. Its complete amino acid sequence has recently been established. To identify the precise site of origin of MCH, immunostaining was performed in the brain and pituitary gland of the chum salmon and the rainbow trout using a highly sensitive and specific antiserum raised against synthetic MCH. In these two salmonid species immunoreactivity for MCH was detected in neurons and neuronal processes in the pars lateralis of the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) in the basal hypothalamus. Numerous positive-staining processes of these MCH-neurons project to the pituitary gland, extending into neurohypophysial tissues within the pars intermedia and, to a lesser extent, into the pars distalis. No pituitary cells showed cross-reactivity. These results suggest that MCH is biosynthesized in the neurons of the NLT/pars lateralis and released in the neurohypophysis. On the other hand, prominent but less numerous MCH-positive processes could be traced to the pretectal area in which projection of both optic and pineal fibers has been detected using tracers. This observation suggests that the synthesis and/or release of MCH might be under the influence of either of these photosensory neurons. Moreover, the existence of an extrahypothalamic projection from MCH-positive neurons suggests that, in addition to melanin-concentration, MCH might be involved in other neuronal functions, perhaps serving as neuromodulator in the brain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225561
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    Immunocytochemical markers revealing retinal and pineal but not hypothalamic photoreceptor systems in the Japanese quail (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 161-167 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Pineal organ ; Hypothalamus ; Opsin ; α-Transducin ; Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Japanese quail
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retinal proteins opsin,α-transducin, S-antigen and interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) are essential for the processes of vision. By use of immunocyto-chemistry we have employed antibodies directed against these “photoreceptor proteins” in an attempt to identify the photoreceptor systems (retina, pineal and deep brain) of the Japanese quail. Opsin immunostaining was identified within many outer (basal portion) and inner segments of retinal photoreceptor cells and limited numbers of photoreceptor perikarya. Opsin immunostaining was also demonstrated in limited numbers of pinealocytes with all parts of these cells being immunoreactive. These results differ from previous observations. In contrast to the results obtained with the antibody against opsin, S-antigen andα-transducin immunostaining was seen throughout the entire outer segments and many photoreceptor perikarya of the retina. In the pineal organ immunostaining was seen in numerous pinealocytes in all follicles. These results conform to previous findings in birds. In addition, IRBP has been demonstrated for the first time in the avian retina and pineal organ. These findings underline the structural and functional similarities between the retina and pineal organ and provide additional support for a photoreceptive role of the avian pineal. No specific staining was detected in any other region of the brain in the Japanese quail; the hypothalamic photoreceptors of birds remain unidentified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239977
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    Melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactive material in the rat hypothalamus; characterization and subcellular localization (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 291-295 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) ; Hypothalamus ; Melanin-concentrating activitiy ; Radioimmunoassay ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a neurosecretory peptide that induces melanin concentration within teleost melanophores. Here, we characterized MCH-like substance in the rat brain by both an in vitro fish-scale melanophore bioassay and a radioimmunoassay with a salmon MCH antiserum that is directed toward the carboxy-terminus and requires the cyclic configuration for recognition. Furthermore, subcellular localization of the MCH in the rat brain was examined by immunocytochemistry using electron microscopy. We confirmed that MCH-immunoreactivity and MCH-bioactivity were present together in the same effluent fractions of the rat hypothalamic extracts by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At electron microscopic level, MCH-immunoreactivity was located specifically in secretory granules in MCH-positive cell bodies confined to the hypothalamus with their neuronal processes projecting widely in the rat brain. Although full characterization of substance must await its isolation, our results strongly support the notion that rat MCH-like substance may be homologous but not identical to salmon MCH, and simultaneously may serve some neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator role in the brain of the rat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222284
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    Immunocytochemical differentiation between adipokinetic hormone (AKH)-like peptides in neurons and glandular cells in the corpus cardiacum of Locusta migratoria and Periplaneta americana with C-terminal and N-terminal specific antisera to AKH (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adipokinetic hormone ; Corpus cardiacum ; Locusta migratoria ; Periplaneta americana ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunocytochemical method was used to differentiate between immunoreactive substances in glandular cells in the corpora cardiaca (CC) and in certain cerebral neurons in 2 insect species, Locusta migratoria migratorioides and Periplaneta americana. The staining properties of antisera raised to different parts of the decapeptide adipokinetic hormone (AKH) were compared and their specificity was determined by preabsorption with AKH and related peptides. Antibodies raised to the N-terminal part of AKH (serum 433) and the central and C-terminal part (serum 241) were found to have different staining properties. In the CC of the locust both antisera show a strong immunoreactivity with glandular cells, we therefore suggest that at least one of the compounds revealed is AKH. Some of the glandular cells in the locust and large numbers of glandular cells in the CC of the cockroach are revealed by the N-terminal specific antiserum. On the other hand, neurons in the central nervous system are revealed only by the C-terminal specific antiserum. The possible identity of the various substances revealed by these two antisera is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221847
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    Immunocytochemical localization of ornithine decarboxylase in cultured murine cells (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 33-40 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ornithine decarboxylase ; Macrophage ; Immunocytochemistry ; Murine cell culture ; Antibody specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antiserum elicited to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) purified from murine RAW 264 macrophage-like cells has been employed to localize ODC in cultured murine cells. The antiserum immunoprecipitated 100% of the ODC activity from the cultured cells. The specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by the immunoprecipitation from 35S-methionine metabolically-labeled cell extracts of a single protein which migrated upon SDS-gel electrophoresis coincident with authentic ODC. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments were performed on paraformaldehyde-fixed RAW 264 cells and JB6 epidermal cells using the rabbit anti-ODC antiserum and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. Little immunofluorescence was apparent in non-stimulated cells. Intense immunofluorescence was detectable in stimulated cells at times of peak cellular ODC activity. Antigenically-reactive ODC was localized diffusely in the cytoplasm and was absent in the nuclei of RAW 264 cells, whereas in the JB6 cells the immunodetectable enzyme protein was localized in a punctate pattern in both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm and was absent in the nucleolus. The appearance and disappearance of immunoreactive ODC in both cell types after stimulation was consistent with the alterations in ODC activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221849
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    Immunocytochemical study of the development of vasotocin/mesotocin in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the chick embryo (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 15-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Embryonic hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Vasotocin neurons ; Mesotocin neurons ; Chick embryo hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the chick embryo has been studied with a monoclonal antibody which cross-reacts with arginine vasotocin and mesotocin, using thick (100 μm) sections in conjunction with a peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse antibody. Although weakly stained perikarya occur occasionally in the tuberal region on embryonic days 6 and 7, the most consistent immunostaining of perikarya is found in the periventricular region of the caudal midhypothalamus at the level of the optic chiasm after embryonic day 8 1/2. Synthesis of peptides, therefore, takes place while the cells are close to their site of origin. Between embryonic days 9 and 10, beaded axons run along the anterior median eminence closely apposed to the adenohypophysis, thereby forming the anlage of the zona externa. The axons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract surround the neural lobe between embryonic days 11 and 12. The caudal to rostral wave of neuronal maturation that occurs during development appears to be due to a progressive differentiation of the periventricular zone, as well as the migration of perikarya. The early periventricular perikarya at embryonic day 8 1/2 send processes rostrally in a wing-shaped formation that extends both dorso- and ventrolaterally. From embryonic days 10 to 12, perikarya can be observed in the wing-like extensions, apparently migrating to rostral levels. The dorsolateral pathway gives rise at its midportion to the lateral cell group, whereas those perikarya migrating more laterally form the anlage of the external supraoptic nucleus. The ventrolateral wing-shaped extension of perikarya appears to be directed toward the ventral group and those lateral perikarya continuous with it. The location of mature neuronal cell groups is well established by embryonic day 17.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221848
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    Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in human sympathetic ganglia (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 1-5 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Sympathetic ganglion ; Co-existence ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of somatostatin-like immunore-activity (SOM-LI) was examined in human lumbar sympathetic ganglia using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Few of the principal neurons showed immunolabelling for somatostatin and sparse networks of nerve terminals were unevenly associated with ganglion cells. Using light microscopy, the most intense SOM-LI was seen in the perinuclear zone of the neurons. Electron-microscopically, the staining was localized on the membranes of the Golgi apparatuses. In the nerve terminals, SOM-LI was seen inside the small vesicles (40–60 nm diameter). All neurons with SOM-LI were also found to be tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive when excamined with a double-staining technique. These results provide evidence that somatostatin and noradrenaline co-exist in human sympathetic neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215411
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    Light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of peptidergic neurons innervating thoracico-abdominal neurohaemal areas in the blowfly (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 583-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bioactive peptides ; Coexistence of peptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Insect nervous system ; Calliphora erythrocephala, C. vomitoria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ventral thoracic neurosecretory cells (VTNCs) of the blowflies, Calliphora erythrocephala and C. vomitoria, innervating thoracic neuropil and the dorsal neural sheath of the thoracico-abdominal ganglion have been shown to be immunoreactive to a variety of mammalian peptide antisera. In the neural sheath the VTNC terminals form an extensive neurohaemal network that is especially dense over the abdominal ganglia. The same areas are invaded by separate, ut overlapping serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) projections derived from neuronal cell bodies in the suboesophageal ganglion. Immunocytochemical studies with different antisera, applied to adjacent sections at the lightmicroscopic level, combined with extensive cross-absorption tests, suggest that the perikarya of the VTNCs contain co-localized peptides related to gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK), bovine pancreatic polypeptide (PP), Met- and Leuenkephalin and Met-enk-Arg6-Phe7 (Met-enk-RF). Electron-microscopic immunogold-labeling shows that some of the terminals in the dorsal sheath react with several of the individual peptide antisera, whilst others with similar cytology are non-immunoreactive. In the same region, separate terminals with different cytological characteristics contain 5-HT-IR. Both 5-HT-IR and peptidergic terminals are localized outside the cellular perineurium beneath the acellular permeable sheath adjacent to the haemocoel. Hence, we propose that various bioactive substances may be released from thoracic neurosecretory neurons into the circulating haemolymph to act on peripheral targets. The same neurons may also interact by synaptic or modulatory action in the CNS in different neuropil regions of the thoracic ganglion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219749
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    Mutant vasopressin precursor in the endoplasmic reticulum of the Brattleboro rat. Ultrastructural evidence from individual “vasopressin” cells localized with the light microscope by use of a new gold/silver method for immunostain enhancement (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 671-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin precursor ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Gold/silver intensification ; Immunocytochemistry ; Brattleboro rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This ultrastructural study demonstrates that the vasopressin immunoreactivity found in the occasional, densely stained cells in the hypothalamus of the homozygous Brattleboro rat is localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 50-μm Vibratome sections were stained with anti-vasopressin serum by use of a peroxidase method with 3,3-diaminobenzidine as chromogen. The diaminobenzidine end-product has a specific capability to bind gold particles from a chloroauric acid solution and the bound gold was used to precipitate silver grains from a silver developer. The stained sections were flat embedded in resin and ultrathin sections were cut of areas containing the immuno-identified occasional cells. In these densely stained, vasopressin-immunoreactive cells of homozygous Brattleboro rats the rough endoplasmic reticulum was dilated. The lumen of the reticulum contained both end-products of diaminobenzidine and gold/silver grains, but some parts of the reticulum appeared unstained. No other cell organelles were immunostained and no secretory granules were found. In control rats, gold/silver deposits were found throughout the cytoplasm of vasopressin-immunoreactive cells. In these immunostained cells secretory granules were seen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219759
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    Electron-microscopic immunogold localization of a collecting-duct antigen (PCD2) in intercalated and principal cells of rabbit kidney (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 633-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Collecting duct ; Immunocytochemistry ; Intercalated cell ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody against an antigen (PCD2) derived from the rabbit renal papilla recognized principal and intercalated cells of the collecting duct system in the adult rabbit kidney. Intercalated cells were heterogeneous in the connecting tubule and the cortical collecting duct, where immunoreactive and unreactive cells were shown to coexist. In the outer medullary collecting duct, all intercalated cells exhibited PCD2-immunoreactivity. Connecting tubule cells proper were not recognized by the antibody, whereas all principal cells of the collecting duct revealed specific immunoreactivity. The immunocytochemical heterogeneity of the intercalated cells is discussed in terms of a functional heterogeneity. Cytologically, the immunogold labeling of principal and intercalated cells was shown to occur along the plasmalemma, in the intracellular membrane structures and along the Golgi transport route. This pattern suggests that the antigenic determinant, which is ubiquitous in both principal and reactive intercalated cells, belongs to a membrane protein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217335
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    Alignment of desmosomes in stratifying human epidermis (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 585-592 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epidermis ; Desmosomes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Fine structure ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cultured human epithelial cells stained with antibody to desmosomal proteins by indirect immunofluorescence showed linear arrays of desmosomes en face between stratified cells. To confirm that an extensive linear pattern existed on the cell surface, subconfluent cultures were viewed using scanning electron microscopy. Aligned arrays of blunt protrusions lying parallel to each other and extending in the direction of the long axis of the cell were observed on the surface of groups of superficial cells in intact cultures. That this pattern was indeed related to desmosomal distribution was verified by transmission microscopy of thin sections cut in a plane between the upper and lower surfaces of flattened stratified cells to view desmosomes directly. A similar arrangement of desmosomes was seen in intact tissue, using epidermal sheets separated from newborn foreskin. The same pattern found in flattened cells was sometimes apparent in more rounded basal cells where the cytoplasm was beginning to extend. Since desmosomal plaques are associated with keratin filaments, the alignment of desmosomes must occur in association with cytoskeletal changes as cells become flattened toward the distal epithelial surface. The primary initiation of desmosomal alignment remains to be investigated. However, the present findings demonstrate an increasingly regular membrane-cytoskeletal spatial interaction as stratified epithelial cells of skin mature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226508
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    Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-like immunoreactivity in the pedal ganglion of Mytilus galloprovincialis (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 591-593 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; GAD ; Pedal ganglion ; Invertebrate nervous system ; Mytilus galloprovincialis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A substance immunologically related to vertebrate glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has been visualized in the pedal ganglion of Mytilus with the pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, by use of an antiserum raised in sheep against rat brain GAD. The results show that GAD-like immunoreactivity is present both in neuronal perikarya and in nerve fibers. Positive neurons are located mainly among the fibers of the ganglion neuropil at the commissural level, and more rarely close to unreactive cortical cell bodies. Immunoreactive nerve fibers are observed throughout the neuropil and also in cerebropedal and pedal nerves.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212538
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    The ultrastructure of nerve endings containing pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) in crustacean sinus glands: Identification by an antiserum against a synthetic PDH (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pigment-dispersing hormone ; Ultrastructural histochemistry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurosecretion ; Crustaceans (Carcinus maenas, Cancer pagurus, Uca pugilator, Orconectes limosus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A high-liter antiserum has been obtained from two rabbits immunized with a glutaraldehyde conjugate of synthetic pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) from Uca pugilator and bovine thyroglobulin. The antiserum blocked melanophore-dispersing activity of the peptide in vivo. In sinus glands (SG) of Carcinus maenas, Cancer pagurus, Uca pugilator and Orconectes limosus, electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed sparsely distributed axon endings containing a distinct PDH-immunoreactive type of neurosecretory granules (diameter 90–130 nm). Exocytotic figures indicating release of the content of these granules into hemolymph lacunae were occasionally observed. Preservation of fine structure and antigenicity of the PDH granules were markedly dependent on the fixation procedure used. A preliminary experiment with C. maenas showed that preterminal axon dilatations near the basal lamina seemed to accumulate PDH-granules when animals were kept in complete darkness for three days. Immunodot blotting of fractions after high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of extracts from SGs of C. maenas and O. limosus revealed a strongly immunoreactive substance at a retention time very similar to those of synthetic PDHs of Uca pugilator and Pandalus borealis. It is also coincident with a zone of biological activity. Thus, the antigen demonstrated by immunocytochemistry is identical or very similar to one of the known PDHs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219082
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    Immunocytochemical localization of pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) and its coexistence with FMRFamide-immunoreactive material in the eyestalks of the decapod crustaceans Carcinus maenas and Orconectes limosus (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 365-375 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pigment-dispersing hormone (crustaceans) ; FMRFamide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurosecretion ; Crustaceans: Carcinus maenas, Orconectes limosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of a new antiserum, raised against synthetic pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) from Uca pugilator, immunoreactive structures were studied at the light-microscopic level in the eyestalk ganglia of Carcinus maenas and Orconectes limosus. PDH-reactivity was mainly found in two types of neurons that were located between the medulla interna (MI) and the medulla terminalis (MT) in both species. Several additional perikarya were located in the distal part of the MI in O. limosus. In C. maenas, two to three PDH-positive perikarya were found in the region of the X-organ (XO) in the MT. Processes from single and clustered cells could be traced into all medullae of the eyestalk. Axons from the immunoreactive perikarya running between MI and MT form a larger tract that traverses the MT. Fibers from this tract give rise to extensive arborizations and plexuses throughout the proximal MT. A plexus containing very fine fibers is located at the surface of the MT in a position distal to the XO-area of C. maenas only. The proximal plexus also receives PDH-positive fibers through the optic nerve. PDH-perikarya in the cerebral ganglion may also project into the more distal regions of the eyestalk. Distal projections of the perikarya between the MI and MT consist of several branches. Most of these are directed toward the MI and ME (medulla externa) wherein they form highly organized, layered plexuses. One branch was traced into the principal neurohemal organ, the sinus gland (SG). In the SG, the tract gives off arborizations and neurosecretory terminals. It then proceeds in a proximal direction out of the SG, adjacent to the MT. Its further course could not be elucidated. The lamina ganglionaris (LG) receives PDH-fibers from the ME and fine processes from small perikarya located in close association with the LG in the distal part of the first optic chiasma. The architecture of PDH-positive elements was similar in both C. maenas and O. limosus. The distribution of these structures suggests that PDH is not only a neurohormone but may, in addition, have a role as a neurotransmitter or modulator. Immunostaining of successive sections with an FMRF-amide antiserum revealed co-localization of FMRFamideand PDH-immunoreactivities in most, but not all PDH-containing perikarya and fibers. The axonal branch leading to the SG and the SG proper were devoid of FMRFamide immunoreactivity.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase in absorptive cells of rat small intestine after colchicine treatment (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 521-529 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Small intestine ; Colchicine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of colchicine and vinblastine on the localization of alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) in rat duodenum in relation to structural changes. AlPase was localized on the membranes of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi stacks, cytoplasmic vesicles, microvilli, on lateral plasma membranes, and in some lysosomes of the duodenal epithelial cells of rats treated with either lumicolchicine or 0.9% NaCl alone. Microvilli were most intensely stained, and AlPase-positive Golgi stacks were regularly distributed in the supranuclear regions. After colchicine treatment, microvilli were shortened and the staining intensity became weaker, whereas basal as well as lateral plasma membranes showed stronger staining. The AlPase-positive microvilli appeared not only on the luminal surfaces, but also on the baso-lateral plasma membranes and even on the surfaces of characteristic intracytoplasmic cysts. Golgi stacks became smaller and their distribution became less localized, and the staining intensity of the Golgi stacks became weaker. AlPase localization in rats treated with vinblastine was almost identical with that of rats treated with colchicine. Thus, colchicine and vinblastine appeared to have elicited a disorientation of intracellular transport of intestinal AlPase by inhibiting microtubule organization.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein in the hypophysis and saccus vasculosus of the elasmobranchs Mustelus manazo and Scyliorhinus torazame (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 255-260 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; Immunocytochemistry ; Saccus vasculosus ; Pituitary gland, pars nervosa ; Mustelus manazo, Scyliorhinus torazame(Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated by immunocytochemical procedures in the hypophysis and saccus vasculosus of two species of elasmobranchs (Mustelus manazo and Scyliorhinus torazame). In the saccus vasculosus of M. manazo, immunoreactivity was detectable exclusively in the fibrous portions interposed between the epithelial layer and the blood vessels. In the neurohypophysis, tanycytes and astrocytes of the median eminence were immunostained, but only a few labeled cells were found in the neurointermediate lobe. In S. torazame, the neurohypophysis displayed a similar distribution of immunoreactivity, but there were no labeled cells in the saccus vasculosus. In both species, none of the glandular cells of the hypophysis displayed immunoreactivity. Electron-microscopic examination showed that the immunostained cells in the saccus vasculosus correspond to astrocytes.
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    Distribution and frequency of neuro-epithelial bodies in post-natal rabbit lung: Quantitative study with monoclonal antibody against serotonin (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 353-362 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Development ; Intrapulmonary chemoreceptor ; Immunocytochemistry ; Morphometry ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution, frequency and size of neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) were studied in lungs of rabbits during different stages of development (27-day fetus, newborn, 6, 11, 21, 28 and 56 days postnatally). NEB were visualized by immunostaining with monoclonal antibody against serotonin. Detailed quantitiation of NEB was performed by use of camera lucida drawings of immunostained serial sections from the same anatomical region, i.e. the lower lobe of the left lung. The total number of NEB was counted and expressed per epithelial length of airway, surface area and volume. The size of NEB defined as surface area as well as the position of NEB in relation to the airway bifurcations was assessed in airways of different sizes. The overall number and size of NEB were found to increase during the immediate perinatal period followed by a sharp decline at 56 days of age. The number of NEB peaked at 6 days postnatally (mean 175.5 NEB/mm3 of airway epithelium) and declined significantly (3.0 NEB/mm3) at 56 days of postnatal age. The size of NEB reached its maximum at 11 days (mean surface area 659.54 μm2, with the largest NEB measuring 1839.98 μm2). By 56 days of age, NEB became significantly smaller (mean surface area 177.29 μm2) consisting of small clusters of cells situated deep within the airway epithelium. At all ages, about half of all NEB (mean 47.6%) were localized within the small peripheral airways with up to 63.9% located at airway bifurcations. These findings indicate that the “functional activity” of NEB may be confined predominantly to the perinatal period. The postulated functions of NEB include those of intrapulmonary hypoxia-sensitive chemoreceptors and/or endocrine-paracrine activity in the lung. Such function(s) may be important during adaptation to extrauterine life as well as for growth and development of the lung.
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    Coexistence of multiple peptides in small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells of inferior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea pig (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 523-527 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peptides ; Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cell ; Neuropeptide coexistence ; Inferior mesenteric ganglion ; Immunocytochemistry ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Coexistence of peptides in the small intensely fluorescent cells was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry for met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y and dynorphin. In the extreme example, a single cell was immunoreactive to all 5 peptides examined. Four peptides coexisted in 8% and three peptides in 13% of SIF cells. In 10% of SIF cells no peptide immunoreactivity could be detected. The most prevalent peptide was met-enkephalin (in 46% of cells), then vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (45%), somatostatin (39%), neuropeptide Y (31%) and dynorphin (24%). Met-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide coexisted most commonly (25%).
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of growth hormone, prolactin and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in the brain of larval, young adult and upstream migrant adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 23-31 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Prolactin ; Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lamprey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Growth hormone, prolactin and somatostatinlike immunoreactivities were demonstrated in the brains of larval, young adult (parasitic) and upstream migrant adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, by means of immunoperoxidase techniques. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) were observed within separate perikarya in the nucleus praeopticus, within fibers in the commissura praeinfundibularis, and in nerve endings within the neurohypophysis of larval and adult-stage lampreys. Cell bodies demonstrating immunoreactive growth hormone were more numerous than those reactive for prolactin. Unlike in the upstream migrant adult lamprey, no GH or PRL was demonstrated in the adenohypophysis of larval or parasitic lamprey. Somatostatin (SRIF)-like immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated in the nucleus commissurae praeinfundibularis, anterior and posterior pars ventralis hypothalami, pars dorsalis thalami, and the tegmentum motorium rhombencephali of larval, parasitic and upstream migrant adult lampreys. Many of the SRIF containing neurons within the hypothalamus were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting cells. SRIF fibers were found throughout most of the brain predominating within the nucleus praeopticus, pars ventralis hypothalami, and the nucleus interpeduncularis. No SRIF immunoreactivity was found within the neurophyophysis. The possible functions of these peptides within the brain of the lamprey are discussed.
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    Choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 57-62 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect brain ; Neurotransmitters ; Immunocytochemistry ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using a monoclonal antibody selective for the acetylcholine (ACh)-synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) of Drosophila melanogaster we find ChAT-like immunoreactivity in specific synaptic regions throughout the brain of Drosophila melanogaster apart from the lobes and the peduncle of the mushroom body and most of the first visual neuropile (lamina). Several anatomically well-defined central brain structures exhibit particularly strong binding. Characteristic differential staining patterns are observed for each of the four neuromeres of the optic lobes. Cell bodies appear not to bind this antibody. The prominent features of the distribution of ChAT-like immunoreactivity are paralleled by the distribution of acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzymatic activity as revealed by histochemical staining for acetylcholine esterase (AChE). These results are discussed in comparison with published data on enzyme distribution, choline uptake and ACh receptor binding in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster.
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    The shape and distribution of astrocytes in the retina of the adult rabbit (1986)
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    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 91-102 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Astroglia ; Perivascular glia ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ; Nerve fiber layer ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Astrocytes stained by antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were examined in whole-mount preparations of retinae from adult rabbits and found to be restricted to the medullary rays. Astroglial cells exhibited a variety of shapes that varied between two extreme morphologies. One extreme was an astrocyte that possessed a few sturdy primary processes as well as finer processes and was strongly GFAP positive. The other extreme was an astroglial cell that displayed a star-shaped appearance; its perikarya gave rise to a few thin, radially oriented processes, which were rather weakly GFAP positive. The majority of astroglial processes were aligned with the ganglioncell axons, but some of their processes were in contact with capillaries. It has been proposed that astrocytes are specifically associated with ganglion-cell axons. Their restriction to the medullary rays in the retina of the rabbit suggests, however, that their physiological role is also concerned with the vascular system.
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    Retention of carboxypropeptides in type-II collagen fibrils in chick embryo chondrocyte cultures (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 619-624 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagen ; Carboxypropeptide ; Chondrocyte ; Tissue culture ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunofluorescence ; Chick embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antibody reacting with the C-propeptide of chick type-II procollagen was used in an attempt to localize this terminal extension of the procollagen molecule (by immunogold labelling) during early collagen fibrillogenesis in chondrocyte cultures. After 2 days in culture the chondrocytes were surrounded by pericellular type-II collagen, as demonstrated by an indirect immunofluorescence labelling technique. An electron microscopy study of these cultures showed that the collagen fibrils were thin (∼ 15 nm diameter), with a poorly visible cross striation, sometimes enhanced by slight thickenings. The antibody against the C-propeptide of type-II procollagen labelled most of the collagen fibrils, according to a very regular pattern constituting a 60 nm periodicity. After 3 days the label was still present on the pericellular collagen fibrils but disappeared from the collagen fibrils of the extracellular matrix. Our results indicate that the C-propeptide of type-II procollagen is retained in the newly formed fibrils.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of lipophorins in the flight muscles of the migratory locust (Locusts migratoria) at rest and during flight (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 661-668 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lipoprotein ; Muscle ; Extracellular space ; Cryosectioning ; Immunocytochemistry ; Locust (Locusta migratoria)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Locust lipoproteins (lipophorins) were localized by indirect immunofluorescence- and immunogold labelling in cryosections of dorsolongitudinal flight muscles. Immunolabelling was performed with monoclonal antibodies against apolipoprotein epitopes that are exposed at the surfaces of the lipophorin particles. Both at rest and during flight, lipophorins were located only in the wider spaces of the extracellular matrix, in the basement membranes of the individual muscle fibers and in the extracellular spaces that surround interfibrillar tracheoles. No internalization of lipophorins by the flight muscle cells was observed. Our results indicate that the unloading of lipophorins at the flight muscles is an extracellular event. Similarities with the vertebrate system of chylomicron and very-low-density lipoprotein degradation are discussed.
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    Localization and function of an FMRFamide-like substance in the aorta of Helix aspersa (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 303-307 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Aorta ; Bioassay ; Immunocytochemistry ; Helix aspersa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With an antiserum (aFM) against the molluscan “cardio-active” FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) numerous immunoreactive axons were found in the outer, longitudinal, muscle layer of the anterior aorta of Helix aspersa. Immunoreactive axons were rare in the inner, circular, muscle layer. At the ultrastructural level four types of axons could be distinguished. The granules containing the immunoreactive substance (mean diameter ca. 100 nm) are present in type-2 axons. The effect of synthetic FMRF-amide was tested in vitro on preparations of ring- and tubule-shaped pieces of the anterior aorta. Physiological doses (3 × 10-7 M) provoked contractions of the circular muscle fibres, but had no effect on the longitudinal muscle cells. Apparently in vivo the FMRF-like substance diffuses from the richly innervated longitudinal muscle layer to the circular muscle layer, where it exerts its effect. This conclusion is sustained by the observation that the contents of the aFM-immunoreactive granules in type-2 axons are released by exocytosis in a “non-synaptic” fashion.
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    Lysosomes and pancreatic islet function (1988)
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    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 9-15 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas, endocrine ; Insulin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lysosomes ; Crinophagy ; Mouse (NMRI)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of pancreatic islets have suggested that crinophagy provides a possible mechanism for intracellular degradation of insulin in the insulin-producing B-cells. In the present study, a quantitative estimation of crinophagy in mouse pancreatic islets was attempted by morphometric analysis of lysosomes containing immunoreactive insulin. Isolated islets were incubated in tissue culture for one week in 3.3, 5.5 or 28 mmol/l glucose. The lysosomes of the pancreatic B-cells were identified by morphological and enzyme-cytochemical criteria and divided into three subpopulations comprising primary lysosomes and insulin-positive or insulin-negative secondary lysosomes. Both the volume and numerical density of the primary lysosomes increased with increasing glucose concentration. The proportion of insulin-containing secondary lysosomes was highest at 5.5 and lowest at 3.3 mmol/l glucose. Insulin-negative secondary lysosomes predominated at 3.3 mmol/l glucose. Studies of the dose-response relationships of glucose-stimulated insulin biosynthesis and insulin secretion of the pancreatic islets showed that biosynthesis had an apparent Km-value for glucose of 7.0 mmol/l, whereas it was 14.5 mmol/l for secretion. The pronounced crinophagic activity at 5.5 mmol/l glucose may thus be explained by the difference in glucose sensitivity between insulin biosynthesis and secretion resulting in an intracellular accumulation of insulin-containing secretory granules. The predominance of insulin-negative secondary lysosomes at 3.3 mmol/l glucose may reflect an increased autophagy, whereas the predominance of primary lysosomes at 28 mmol/l glucose may reflect a generally low activity of intracellular degradative processes.
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    Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of calcium-binding proteins in enteric neurons (1988)
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    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 79-87 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcium-binding protein ; Enteric nervous system ; Intestine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Guinea-pig ; Rat ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity for vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) has been localized in nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres in the gastrointestinal tracts of guinea-pig, rat and man. CaBP immunoreactivity was found in a high proportion of nerve cell bodies of the myenteric plexus, particularly in the small intestine. It was also found in submucous neurons of the small and large intestines. Immunoreactive nerve fibres were numerous in the myenteric ganglia, and were also common in the submucous ganglia and in the intestinal mucosa. Immunoreactive fibres were rare in the circular and longitudinal muscle coats. In the myenteric ganglia of the guinea-pig small intestine the immunoreactivity is restricted to one class of nerve cell bodies, type-II neurons of Dogiel, which display calcium action potentials in their cell bodies. These neurons were also immunoreactive with antibodies to spot 35 protein, a calcium-binding protein from the cerebellum. From the distribution of their terminals and the electrophysiological properties of these neurons it is suggested they might be sensory neurons, or perhaps interneurons. The discovery of CaBP in restricted sub-groups of enteric neurons may provide an important key for the analysis of their functions.
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    Immunocytochemical localization and immunochemical characterization of an insulin-related peptide in the pancreas of the urodele amphibian, Ambystoma mexicanum (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 507-512 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insulin-related peptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunochemical characterization ; Pancreas ; Ambystoma mexicanum (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pancreas of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, was investigated by immunocytochemical methods for the presence of immunoreactivity to a number of antisera raised against mammalian insulins. All anti-insulin antisera tested revealed substantial amounts of reaction products confined solely to the aldehyde-fuchsinophilic B cells of the endocrine pancreas. The reactive cell population was detected by use of one polyclonal antiserum against bovine insulin and eight different monoclonal antibodies against insulins from various mammalian species. Six of these antibody clones have known specificity to sub-regions of the insulin molecule. Additionally, fractions of an ethanol-HCl extract of pancreatic tissue from Ambystoma was studied in both conventional dot-blot tests by means of the same panel of antibodies and a two-site sandwich time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for human insulin involving two of the monoclonal antibodies. These experiments support the immunocytochemical observations by demonstrating the existence of an insulin-related peptide with a great deal of structural resemblance to mammalian insulins and displaying antigenic determinants in common at least with the amino acid residues A8–10 and B26–30. In conclusion, we interpret the findings as indicating that the immunocytochemically revealed tissue bound antigen in the Ambystoma pancreatic B-cells may be a peptide related to human insulin.
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    Ultrastructural localization of thyrotropin (TSH)-like immunoreactivity in specific secretory cells of the hypophyseal pars tuberalis in the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 649-652 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophyseal pars tuberalis ; (TSH), Thyrotropin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Photoperiod ; Phodopus sungorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific secretory cells in the hypophyseal pars tuberalis of Djungarian hamsters maintained under different photoperiods were investigated immunocytochemically by means of the colloidal gold technique using antibodies against rat thyrotropin (TSH). Secretory cells of animals kept under long photoperiods (LD16:8) showed positive staining of secretory granules (diameters 90–130 nm), whereas other intracellular structures were free of immunoreactivity. In animals kept under short photoperiods (LD8:16) secretory cells displayed increased numbers of secretory granules, but these organelles were devoid of immunoreactivity. In contrast, immunoreactivity of thyrotropes in the pars distalis did not differ between the two groups of animals investigated. The present results confirm earlier light-microscopical studies that in the pars tuberalis specific secretory cells show TSH-like immunoreactivity; however, they differ in their reactivity pattern from classical thyrotropes in the pars distalis.
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    Peptidergic neurons in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), identified immunocytochemically by monoclonal antibodies against homogenates of neuroendocrine tissue (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 29-39 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunocytochemistry ; Endocrine system ; Nervous system ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoclonal antibodies were developed against peptidergic neurons in the nervous and endocrine tissues of the Colorado potato beetle by the immunization of mice with unpurified homogenates of these tissues. Methods were optimized to enhance chances for successful antibody production and selection, such as the pretreatment of the beetles, preparation of the immunogen, and screening hybridomas. Although only sub-microgram quantities of peptide antigen were used, many hybridomas generated antibodies recognizing peptidergic neurons in immunocytochemical procedures. A panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies anti-Colorado potato beetle (MACs) were harvested. All MACs stained different populations of peptidergic neurons, some of which had not been revealed by previously applied identification methods. Apart from the intrinsic glandular cells in the corpora cardiaca, immunoreactive neurosecretory neurons were revealed in medial and lateral groups in the protocerebrum and in the suboesophageal ganglion. These have axons terminating in the corpora cardiaca, and the neurosecretory granules can be revealed with the immunogold method. It is suggested that the immunoreactive substances represent neuropeptides or precursors of different kinds. Interneurons in other locations in the central and visceral nervous system have immunoreactive axonal projections that do not leave the ganglia. The set of MACs obtained is useful for neuroanatomical studies, for characterizing the secretory products, and for a further delineation of peptidergic communication channels in the insect body.
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    Distribution of serotonin-containing neurons in the central nervous system of the snail Helix pomatia (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 313-323 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin (5HT) ; Immunocytochemistry ; 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine ; Central nervous system ; Helix pomatia (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin (5HT)-containing neurons in the central nervous system of the snail Helix pomatia has been determined in whole-mount preparations by use of immunocytochemical and in vivo 5,6-dihydroxy-tryptamine labelling. 5HT-immunoreactive neuronal somata occur in all but the buccal and pleural ganglia. Immunoreactive fibres are present throughout the central nervous system. The 5HT-immunoreactive neuronal somata characteristically appear in groups, located mainly in the cerebral, pedal, visceral and right parietal ganglia. The majority of 5HT-immunoreactive neurons is located in the pedal ganglia. Additionally a dense network of 5HT-immunoreactive varicose fibres is found in the neural sheath of the central nervous system including all the nerves and ganglia. The number and distribution of 5HT-immunoreactive neurons correlates with that demonstrated by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine labelling method.
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    Human corpus luteum: Immunocytochemical evidence for presence of prolactin (1988)
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    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 233-236 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin ; Corpus luteum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Luteal cells ; Luteotropic function ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six human corpora lutea (day 17–25) of the menstrual cycle and 4 ovarian stromal tissues from 7 cycling women were examined for the presence of the hormone, prolactin, by immunohistochemistry using the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. After mounting tissue sections of 4 μm, endogenous peroxidases were removed with hydrogen peroxide and the sections were incubated for l h at room temperature followed by 16 h at 4° C with a highly specific antisera for human prolactin, nonimmunized normal rabbit serum for a control reaction, or antiserum preadsorbed with excess human prolactin for specificity determination. Following the reaction with the second antibody (goat antirabbit IgG) for l h at room temperature, prolactin was localized using peroxidase anti-peroxidase and 3.3′-diaminobenzidine as the chromogen. Prolactin was present and could be localized in the luteal cells of all 6 corpora lutea, but not in any of the ovarian stroma studied. Human adenohypophysis served as a positive tissue control for prolactin immunopositive staining. The localization of immunoreactive prolactin in the corpus luteum demonstrates directly the presence of this hormone in the human ovary, adding further evidence for its role in luteal function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215829
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    Neuronal architecture of the central complex in Drosophila melanogaster (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 343-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Central complex ; Golgi impregnation ; Neurotransmitters ; Protocerebrum, insect ; Immunocytochemistry ; Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the basis of 1200 Golgi-impregnated brains the structure of the central complex of Drosophila melanogaster was analyzed at the cellular level. The four substructures of the central complex — the ellipsoid body, the fanshaped body, the noduli, and the protocerebral bridge — are composed of (a) columnar small-field elements linking different substructures or regions in the same substructure and (b) tangential large-field neurons forming strata perpendicular to the columns. At least some small-field neurons belong to isomorphic sets, which follow various regular projection patterns. Assuming that the blebs of a neuron are presynaptic and the spines are postsynaptic, the Golgi preparations indicate that small-field neurons projecting to the ventral bodies (accessory area) are the main output from the central complex and that its main input is through the large-field neurons. These in turn are presumed to receive input in various neuropils of the brain including the ventral bodies. Transmitters can be attributed immunocytochemically to some neuron types. For example, GABA is confined to the R1–R4 neurons of the ellipsoid body, whereas these cells are devoid of choline acetyltransferase-like immunore-activity. It is proposed that the central complex is an elaboration of the interhemispheric commissure serving the fast exchange of data between the two brain hemispheres in the control of behavioral activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261838
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    The distribution of a proctolin-like immunoreactive material in the terminal ganglion of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana L. (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proctolin ; Neuropeptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Terminal ganglion ; Periplaneta americana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurons with proctolin-like immunoreactivity were mapped in the terminal ganglion of Periplaneta americana. The effect of different fixation methods on the variability of immunostaining is described and discussed. The appearance of immunoreactive presynaptic terminals, described here for the first time in insects, points to a function of proctolin as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system of P. americana besides its known role in the periphery. Proctolin-like immunoreactivity was shown in pre- and postsynaptic profiles. Synaptic contacts are described in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214920
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    Immunocytochemical studies of vasotocin and mesotocin in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the chicken (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 279-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Vasotocin neurons ; Mesotocin neurons ; Avian hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the adult chicken has been studied with a monoclonal antibody that cross-reacts with arginine vasotocin and mesotocin. We have used this antibody on thick (100 μm) sections in conjunction with a peroxidase-conjugated rabbit antimouse antibody that permits the visualization not only of entire perikarya, but also of long portions of their axons and dendrites. Our results confirm older concepts based on classical methods, but the more sensitive immunocytochemical method reveals that the system is more extensive than previously recognized. Immunostained neurons in the chicken are widely scattered in the hypothalamus. In the rostral preoptic region, there are three immunostained neuronal cell groups: 1) a prominent closely packed group that extends along the ventromedial surface, 2) a diffusely distributed lateral group, and 3) an external group that surrounds the lateral aspect of the septomesencephalic tract. Caudally in the preoptic area and in the anterior hypothalamus, the same groups are present; but there are also conspicuous periventricular perikarya. Many of them have processes that project to the lumen of the third ventricle, as well as parallel axons that arch lateroventrally in the hypothalamus. In the midhypothalamic area, the periventricular perikarya and processes are particularly numerous at the level of the palliai commissure. The dorsal periventricular group located at the level of the dorsomedial anterior nucleus of the thalamus are the most caudal perikarya. They extend laterally in a wing-like formation. The immunostained axons from all of these perikarya form a compact hypothalamo-hypophysial tract as they run from the midhypothalamus to the median eminence and converge beneath the third ventricle. Axons branching from this tract innervate the zone externa of the anterior median eminence; another group of axons running in the fibrous layer of the zona interna proceeds to the neural lobe.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218005
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    Mapping of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the larval nervous system of the flies Calliphora erythrocephala and Sarcophaga bullata (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 423-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insect nervous system ; Neural development ; Calliphora erythrocephala ; Sarcophaga bullata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HTi) neurons were mapped in the larval central nervous system (CNS) of the dipterous flies Calliphora erythrocephala and Sarcophaga bullata. Immunocytochemistry was performed on cryostat sections, paraffin sections, and on the entire CNS (whole mounts). The CNS of larvae displays 96–98 5-HTi cell bodies. The location of the cell bodies within the segmental cerebral and ventral ganglia is consistent among individuals. The pattern of immunoreactive fibers in tracts and within neuropil regions of the CNS was resolved in detail. Some 5-HTi neurons in the CNS possess axons that run through peripheral nerves (antenno-labro-frontal nerves). The suboesophagealand thoracico-abdominal ganglia of the adult blowflies were studied for a comparison with the larval ventral ganglia. In the thoracico-abdominal ganglia of adults the same number of 5-HTi cell bodies was found as in the larvae except in the metathoracic ganglion, which in the adult contains two cell bodies less than in the larva. The immunoreactive processes within the neuropil of the adult thoracico-abdominal ganglia form more elaborate patterns than those of the larvae, but the basic organization of major fiber tracts was similar in larval and adult ganglia. Some aspects of postembryonic development are discussed in relation to the transformation of the distribution of 5-HTi neurons and their processes into the adult pattern.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218023
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    Light- and electron-microscopic demonstration of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in paraganglia of the human urinary bladder (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 683-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity ; Paraganglia, human ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in paraganglia of the urinary bladder of adult humans was studied by use of immuno-electron microscopy. All paraganglionic cells were positively stained. Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was located in chromaffin granules. Chromaffin cells in the paraganglia showed only few degenerative features, suggesting undisturbed function of the cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219249
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    Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the median protocerebrum and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insect nervous system ; Protocerebrum ; Suboesophageal ganglion ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the median protocerebrum and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta were individually reconstructed. Serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in 19–20 bilaterally symmetrical pairs of interneurons in the midbrain and 10 pairs in the suboesophageal ganglion. These neurons were also immunoreactive with antisera against DOPA decarboxylase. All major neuropil regions except the protocerebral bridge are innervated by these neurons. In addition, efferent cells are serotonin-immunoreactive in the frontal ganglion (5 neurons) and the suboesophageal ganglion (2 pairs of neurons). The latter cells probably give rise to an extensive network of immunoreactive terminals on the surface of the suboesophageal ganglion and suboesophageal nerves. Most of the serotonin-immunoreactive neurons show a gradient in the intensity of immunoreactive staining, suggesting low levels of serotonin in cell bodies and dendritic arbors and highest concentrations in axonal terminals. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells often occur in pairs with similar morphological features. With one exception, all serotonin-immunoreactive neurons have bilateral projections with at least some arborizations in identical neuropil areas in both hemispheres. The morphology of several neurons suggests that they are part of neuronal feedback circuits. The similarity in the arborization patterns of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons raises the possibility that their outgrowing neurites experienced similar forces during embryonic development. The morphological similarities further suggest that serotonin-immunoreactive interneurons in the midbrain and suboesophageal ganglion share physiological characteristics.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223139
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    Binding and internalization of gold-conjugated somatostatin and growth hormone-releasing hormone in cultured rat somatotropes (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 309-317 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatotropes, growth hormone cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Growth hormone (GH) ; Receptors, membrane ; Somatostatin (SRIF) ; Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) ; Rat (Han: WIST)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synthetic peptides somatostatin (SRIF) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) were coupled directly to colloidal gold of different particle sizes. Both conjugates were biologically active in displacing the corresponding radiolabeled hormones from high affinity binding sites in pituitary membranes. Release of growth hormone (GH) from cultured anterior pituitary cells was modulated by both conjugates alone or in combination. Ultrastructural studies were performed with cells incubated at 4° C (2 h) and 37° C (2 min-2 h) with one of the labeled peptides or their combination. Somatotropes were identified by immunostaining with anti-rGH followed by protein A-ferritin, thus obtaining a triple labeling. Both hormone conjugates were internalized in different vesicles in the beginning but accumulated during longer incubation times in the same compartment. The secretory vesicles and the nucleus were not labeled by any hormone conjugate. In contrast to SRIF-gold, the uptake of GRH-gold conjugate decreased with longer incubation times. This effect could be neutralized by simulatenous incubation of the somatotropes with both regulating hormones. Hence, whereas the binding and internalization of SRIF by somatotropes do not seem to be influenced by GRH, the corresponding processes for GRH are stimulated by the presence of SRIF.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239451
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    The vascular and epithelial serotonergic innervation of the actinopterygian gill filament with special reference to the trout, Salmo gairdneri (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 349-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gills ; Indoleamines ; Immunocytochemistry ; Autonomic innervation ; Salmo gairdneri R. ; Perca fluviatilis L. ; Micropterus dolomieui (Lacépède) ; Anguilla anguilla L. ; Ictalurus melas Rafinesque (Teleostei) ; Acipenser baeri L. (Chondrostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies against serotonin and 5-methoxytryptamine reveal indolaminergic neurons innervating the proximal part of the efferent arterial vasculature, the filament epithelia, the central venous sinus, and certain other serotonergic cells of the teleost gill filament. In the same area, acetylcholinesterase-positive and indoleaminergic neurons have already been described. We propose that these populations of neurons belong to a single neuronal type but express different agents. Our current results support this idea; in particular, they point to the presence of a single type of serotonin-containing nerve terminal, impinging on vascular smooth muscle. These results are in agreement with physiological data showing (i) the existence of non-cholinergic (atropine-resistant) vasoconstriction of the gill vasculature after nerve stimulation, and (ii) a potent vasoconstrictory action of infused serotonin. In addition, the above-mentioned serotonergic neurons have synaptic contacts with catecholaminergic nerve fibers, suggesting the existence of a modulatory relationship between the sympathetic and the cranial autonomic nerves supplying the teleost gill. Finally, these neurons show morphological relationships with a previously undescribed type of branchialserotonergic cell. The role of the parasympathetic nerve plexus of the teleost gill filament in the control of respiration and ionoregulation is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239455
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    Effects of short-term treatment with calcium on the parathyroid gland of the rat, under particular consideration of the alteration of storage granules (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parathyroid ; Storage granule ; Hypercalcemia ; Immunocytochemistry ; Acid phosphatase ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Short-term effects of CaCl2-treatment on parathyroid cells of the rat, especially on their storage granules, were studied at the ultrastructural level. After an injection of 4% CaCl2, serum calcium levels (SCL) rapidly increased from 9.1 mg/dl (controls) to a maximum of 14.9 mg/dl at 20 min. At 5 min after the injection, the number of type-I storage granules (large core) [NSG-I] and that of type-II storage granules (small core) [NSG-II] remained unchanged, in spite of elevated SCL (12.4 mg/dl). As soon as SCL rose to 13.2 mg/dl at 7.5 min, NSG-I gradually decreased to a minimum at 30 min; in contrast, NSG-II gradually increased to a maximum at 30 min. Vacuolar bodies also increased together with the augmentation of type-II storage granules. The average diameter of the core of the storage granules decreased significantly after the injection. Protein A-gold method for immunocytochemistry showed that the cores of these granules contain parathormone. Acid-phosphatase activity was occasionally found in storage granules of both types, especially in those of type II. It is concluded (i) that type-I storage granules may be transformed into vacuolar bodies via type-II granules as a result of hydrolysis, and (ii) that these processes may be accelerated during hypercalcemia.
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    The secretory dynamics of the CHH-producing cell group in the eyestalk of the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, in the course of the day/night cycle (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 361-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Day/night rhythmicity ; Neurosecretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The secretory dynamics of the Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone (CHH)-producing cells in the eyestalk of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus were studied during the daily cycle (12 h light/12 h dark). The different secretory stages of individual cells were determined by means of immunocytochemistry combined with morphometric analysis at the light-microscopic level. The data obtained were correlated with the 24-h rhythmicity of blood glucose concentration. The results suggest the following hypothesis. The synthetic activity of the CHH cells receives a stimulus 2 h before the beginning of the dark period, resulting in a pronounced transfer of CHH granules into the axons. These CHH granules reach the axon terminals after the onset of the dark period. At that time a burst of exocytotic activity occurs, causing a strong release of CHH into the hemolymph. Four hours later this CHH release results in hyperglycemia. The same process, though with less intensity, is repeated and causes a second smaller glucose peak at the beginning of the light period.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217181
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    Immunocytochemical localization of S-100 protein in stellate cells (folliculo-stellate cells) of the anterior lobe of the normal human pituitary (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 505-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; Folliculo-stellate cells ; Normal human pituitary, anterior lobe ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the use of an anti-human S-100 protein antibody, it was possible to reveal a characteristic cell type in the anterior lobe of the normal human pituitary. These cells, so-called folliculo-stellate cells, were present in all pituitaries studied but their number varied from one gland to another. Immunoreactive cells, isolated or grouped, were arranged close to various secretory granulated cells. Especially by use of double immunoenzymatic labeling, it was evident that these cells are spatially related either to somatotropes, prolactin cells and “corticotropes”, or to glycoprotein-containing cells. Such immunoreactive cells were rare or absent in pseudo-follicular arrangements of secretory granulated cells. Since it is now possible to identify this cell type by light microscopy and since no reliable functional significance is known, it seems more advisable to term this cell type “stellate cell” instead of “folliculostellate cell”.
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    Localization of substance P-like, leucine-enkephalin-like, methionine-enkephalin-like, and FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the eyestalk of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Enkephalins ; FMRFamide ; Substance P ; Uca pugilator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and distribution of substance P (SP)-like, methionine-(Met)- and leucine-(Leu)-enkephalinlike, and FMRFamide-like immunoreactivities were determined in the neuroendocrine complex of the eyestalk of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, by immunocytochemistry. SP-like immunoreactivity was found in the optic peduncle, sinus gland, medulla externa, medulla interna, lamina ganglionaris, and retinular cells. Met-enkephalin-like and Leuenkephalin-like immunoreactivity was observed in most of the retinular cells, optic peduncle, sinus gland, medulla terminalis, and lamina ganglionaris. However, Met-enkephalin-like, but no Leu-enkephalin-like, immunoreactivity was seen in the medulla terminalis X-organ. FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity could be seen in all parts of the eyestalk except in the sinus gland, lamina ganglionaris, and retinular cells. FMRF-amide-like activity was especially strong in the three chiasmatic regions connecting the optic ganglia. The possibility that these four peptides may function as neuroregulators in the fiddler crab is discussed.
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    Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in retinas of frog and goldfish (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 651-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Retina ; Immunocytochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in rat, rabbit, chick, frog and goldfish retinas was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Positive results were observed only in the frog and goldfish retinas. NPY immunoreactivity was associated with a small population of amacrine cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer and cell processes in the inner plexiform layer of both retinas. In the frog retina, three distinct layers containing immunoreactivity were observed in the inner plexiform layer. In contrast, the immunoreactivity in the same area of the goldfish retina was more or less separated into two layers. Convincing evidence could not be found for the co-existence of NPY-like material with other putative transmitter-like substances in the two retinas. Radioimmunoassay revealed the presence of small amounts of NPY-like immunoreactivity in the rabbit retina; the goldfish and frog retinas contained significantly more immunoreactive material. High performance liquid chromatography of the immunoreactive material in frog and goldfish retinas showed each retina containing different molecular forms of NPY-like proteins, neither of which resembled porcine NPY or PYY. The endogenous NPY-like material of the frog retina can be released by potassium depolarisation in a calciumdependent way. In view of all these data an NPY-like protein must now be considered a potential retinal transmitter.
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    Immunocytochemistry of GABA in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion ofManduca sexta (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect nervous system ; Protocerebrum ; Suboesophageal ganglion ; GABA ; Immunocytochemistry ; Manduca sexta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have used specific antisera against protein-conjugatedγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in immunocytochemical preparations to investigate the distribution of putatively GABAergic neurons in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx mothManduca sexta. About 20000 neurons per brain hemisphere exhibit GABA-immunoreactivity. Most of these are optic-lobe interneurons, especially morphologically centrifugal neurons of the lamina and tangential neurons that innervate the medulla or the lobula complex. Many GABA-immunoreactive neurons, among them giant fibers of the lobula plate, project into the median protocerebrum. Among prominent GABA-immunoreactive neurons of the median protocerebrum are about 150 putatively negative-feedback fibers of the mushroom body, innervating both the calyces and lobes, and a group of large, fan-shaped neurons of the lower division of the central body. Several commissures in the supra- and suboesophageal ganglion exhibit GABA-immunoreactivity. In the suboesophageal ganglion, a group of contralaterally descending neurons shows GABA-like immunoreactivity. The frontal ganglion is innervated by immunoreactive processes from the tritocerebrum but does not contain GABA-immunoreactive somata. With few exceptions the brain nerves do not contain GABA-immunoreactive fibers.
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    Bipolarity of duodenal enterochromaffin cells in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Duodenum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enterochromaffin cells of the rat duodenum have been studied immunocytochemically by use of a specific antiserum to serotonin. At the light-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in enterochromaffin cells located in the epithelium of the duodenal mucosa. Most of the serotonin-immunoreactive material was localized to the basal portion of the enterochromaffin cells, but small amounts of immunoreactive material were regularly observed in the apical portion. At the electron-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity in enterochromaffin cells was found to be concentrated over the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. The majority of these granules was located in the basal cytoplasm of the enterochromaffin cells, but serotonin-immunoreactive granules were also observed in the apical cytoplasm immediately beneath the microvilli. These observations indicate that duodenal enterochromaffin cells are bipolar and that they secrete serotonin both basally, to the circulation, and apically, to the gut lumen. Rat duodenal enterochromaffin cells thus appear to have an exocrine as well as an endocrine function.
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    Uptake and retention of3H-estradiol by gonadotrophs and lactotrophs in the pituitary glands of the guinea pig, hamster and gerbil (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LH-cells ; Prolactin cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Estrogen ; Autoradiography ; Guinea pig ; Hamster ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nuclear uptake and retention of3H-estradiol by luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) cells was examined in three species of rodents (guinea pigs, hamsters and gerbils) using the combined techniques of immunocyto-chemistry and autoradiography. Castrated animals were injected with3H-estradiol and decapitated 1.5 h later. The pituitary glands were processed for thaw-mount autoradiography followed by conventional immunocytochemical staining for LH and PRL.3H-estradiol accumulated in more than 80% of the anterior pituitary cells in the gerbils, while only 33 and 22% of the cells accumulated3H-estradiol in the hamsters and guinea pigs, respectively. A varying percentage of immunoreactive LH and PRL cells in all three species were found also to contain binding sites for estradiol. Some LH and PRL cells in hamsters and guinea pigs and only some in PRL cells of gerbils were found to be devoid of grains. Quantitative analysis revealed that the number of grains per nucleus differed considerably from cell to cell. LH cells of guinea pigs accumulated much larger amounts of3H-estradiol than did the PRL cells, while the LH cells in the hamsters and gerbils accumulated only slightly more3H-estradiol than the PRL cells. These results confirm the previous observations in rats and baboons that demonstrated tremendous species differences in percentage of cells in the anterior pituitary gland that accumulated3H-estradiol. Also, these data suggest that there are functionally heterogeneous cell types among the LH and PRL cells in hamsters, guinea pigs and gerbils as has been previously demonstrated in rats and baboons.
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    Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of “mammalian” neurohormonal peptides in neurones of the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Serotonin ; Diphyllobothrium dendriticum ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the nervous system of the obligatory endoparasite Diphyllobothrium dendriticum immunoreactivity (IR) to growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), gastrin, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), oxytocin, FMRF-amide (FMRF) and serotonin (5HT) was demonstrated by immunocytochemical methods. A very strong GRF-IR was observed in the CNS and PNS of larvae and of the constantly growing adult worms. GRF-IR axon terminals occur beneath the basal lamina of the tegument along the inside of the bothridia, the holdfast organ of the worm. GRF-IR fibres surround the yolk producing vitelline glands and occur in the wall of the vagina. PHI-IR was observed in the CNS and PNS of larvae and adult worms. PHI-IR terminals occur beneath the basal lamina of the tegument along the strobila, the nutrient absorbing surface of the worm. PHI-IR fibres seem to innervate the testicular follicles. FMRF-IR fibres and perikarya occur close to the vitelline glands and the uterine pore and in the male copulatory organ. Numerous large 5HT-IR perikarya with long varicose fibres were observed in the nervous system of the worm. 5HT-IR perikarya occur close to the genital atrium. D. dendriticum is the phylogenetically lowest organism in which IR to PHI has been demonstrated.
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    Amacrine cells with neurotensin- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in three species of teleosts with different color vision (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 663-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Amacrine cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurotensin ; Somatostatin ; Color vision ; Teleosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurotensin- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities were localized by pre-embedding techniques in retinal whole-mounts and radial sections of a monochromatic glass catfish (Kryptopterus bicirrhis), a dichromatic cichlid species (Aequidens pulcher), and the tetrachromatic roach (Rutilus rutilus). Both neuropeptides were observed in perikarya and processes of amacrine cells. For a precise identification of cell types, tangential and radial views were correlated with Golgiimpregnated material. The dendritic pattern defining the morphological subtype of amacrine cells was determined by the given neuropeptide or by the species-specific degree of complexity of retinal structure and function. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was localized in amacrine cells of intermediate size, radial symmetry and dendrites with numerous varicosities; they were monostratified in sublayer 3 of the inner plexiform layer. This cell type was common to all three species. In the mono and dichromatic retinas, a single type of amacrine cell with somatostatinlike immunoreactivity was found with radially oriented, varicose dendrites in sublayer 5. In the tetrachromatic roach retina, two somatostatin-positive amacrine cell types were found with very different patterns of ramification; furthermore, both of these types occurred in more than one sublayer. Possible functional implications for color vision of neuropeptide-specific amacrine cells with uniform morphology in all three species and those with a more varied morphology in the tetrachromatic roach are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216497
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    Histamine-like immunoreactivity in photoreceptors of the compound eyes and ocelli of the flies Calliphora erythrocephala and Musca domestica (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 639-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect visual system ; Photoreceptors ; Neurotransmitter ; Histamine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Calliphora erythrocephala ; Musca domestica (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies to histamine were used for immunocytochemical studies of the visual system in the flies Calliphora erythrocephala and Musca domestica. Specific immunolabeling of photoreceptors was found both in the compound eyes and ocelli of both species. In the compound eyes histamine-like immunoreactivity (HA-IR) was found in all the short visual fibers (photoreceptors R1–6) and one type of long visual fiber (photoreceptor R8). In addition, the ocellar photoreceptors also show HA-IR. In view of earlier biochemical and pharmacological/physiological findings by Elias and Evans (1983) and Hardie (1987) it thus seems likely that histamine is a neurotransmitter in insect photoreceptors. Interestingly, the second type of long visual fiber (photoreceptor R7) has recently been found to be GABA-immunoreactive (Datum et al. 1986). The two types of long visual fibers may hence use different transmitters which act on different receptors of the postsynaptic neurons in the second visual neuropil, the medulla. In addition to the photoreceptors in the retina and ocelli, we found processes of HA-IR neurons in one of the optic lobe neuropils, the lobula. This finding indicates that histamine may also be a transmitter in certain interneurons in the visual system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219755
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    Demonstration of rod and cone photoreceptors in the lamprey retina by freeze-replication and immunofluorescence (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Photoreceptor cells ; Freeze-fracturing ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lampetra japonica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In common with other cyclostomata, the Japanese river lamprey (Lampetra japonica) has a retina consisting of distinct types of photoreceptor cells called long and short photoreceptor cells. After freeze-fracture, disc membranes of these photoreceptor cells were characterized in common by a homogeneous distribution of intramembrane particles on the protoplasmic fracture faces, in contrast to those of the myeloid bodies bearing scattering particles. Immunofluorescent examination was applied to the retina with monoclonal antibodies raised against bovine and chicken rhodopsins. Positive immunoreactivity was found to be limited to outer segments of the short cell, leaving the entire body of the long cell and all other components of the retina negative. The results suggest that the short cell is more closely related to a rod-type photoreceptor cell characterized by rhodopsin as its visual pigment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215506
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    Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptides in the hypothalamus of the Japanese long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii fuliginosus (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neuropeptides ; Hibernating bat ; Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the role of hypothalamic neuropeptides in regulation of reproductive phenomena of seasonally breeding feral mammals, we used Japanese long-fingered bats, Miniopterus schreibersii fuliginosus, for immunocytochemical study of distribution of the following neuropeptides in the hypothalamus: arginin vasopressin, oxytocin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, corticotropin-releasing factor, and growth hormone-releasing factor. The size, shape and location of supraoptic, paraventricular, suprachiasmatic, and arcuate nuclei of the bat were determined. Arginin vasopressin-and oxytocin-immunoreactive magnocellular neurons were found in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, where they exhibited separate distribution into two distinct groups. Parvocellular arginin vasopressin neurons occurred only in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The hibernating bats exhibited slightly increased numbers of vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. The pregnant bat displayed further increased numbers of vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in both nuclei. Somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus were also immunopositive to anti-oxytocin serum, while those in the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei reacted solely to anti-somatostatin serum. They projected to the anterior median eminence and infundibular stalk. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-immunoreactive perikarya were scattered throughout the basal hypothalamus, being particularly abundant in the arcuate nucleus. They were larger in size in hibernating bats than those in normal (non-pregnant) and pregnant females. They projected fibers mainly to the internal layer of the median eminence and infundibular stalk. A few luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-reactive fibers were also observed in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, lateral habenular nuclei, pineal stalk, retroflexus fasciculus, and olfactory tubercle. Corticotropin releasing factor-immunoreactive perikarya were distributed in the paraventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area and projected into the external layer of the anterior median eminence, while growth hormone-releasing factor-immunoreactive perikarya occurred only in the arcuate nucleus and projected into the posterior part of the median eminence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220016
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    Peptide-containing neurons in explant cultures of guinea-pig myenteric plexus during development in vitro: Gross morphology and growth patterns (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Substance P ; Enkephalin ; Somatostatin ; Caecum ; Enteric neurons ; Autonomic ganglia ; Immunocytochemistry ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gross morphology and growth patterns of substance P, enkephalin-, somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive neurons have been studied in explant cultures of the myenteric plexus taken from beneath the newborn guinea-pig taenia coli, grown for up to 4 weeks in vitro. Substance P and enkephalin-immuno-reactive neurons were more abundant than somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive neurons. The peptide-containing neuronal cell bodies were clearly visible in culture and exhibited characteristic gross morphologies similar to those described in situ, although some overlap of shape between populations containing different peptides was seen. All four types of peptide-containing fibres were found in the outgrowth and central areas of the cultures. In the case of substance P and somatostatin, the density and pattern of labelling in the central, neuronal area of the cultures resembled that previously seen in the myenteric plexus of the newborn guinea-pig caecum in situ, while the density of the enkephalin-immunoreactive fibres was greater, and that of the vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive fibres less than that seen in situ. These observations suggest that subpopulations of myenteric neurons containing different peptides may be differentially affected by the culture environment. Possible contributory factors are discussed.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of a rhodopsin-like protein in the lipochondria in photosensitive neurons of Aplysia californica (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 115-120 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurons ; Lipochondria ; Rhodopsin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Aplysia californica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polyclonal antibodies directed against squid opsin were used in immunocytochemical and immunoblot experiments to identify a rhodopsin-like protein in photosensitive neurons of Aplysia. Aldehyde-fixed abdominal and cerebral ganglia were embedded in paraffin for peroxidase anti-peroxidase analysis or used whole for immunofluorescence studies. Ganglia were embedded in Lowicryl K4M for electron-microscope immunocytochemistry. In both the cerebral and abdominal ganglia, light-microscope immunocytochemical results showed reaction product deposited around the neuronal cell periphery corresponding in position to the lipochondria. In the abdominal ganglion, the giant cell R2, located in the right rostral quarter, and neurons in the right caudal quarter were consistently labeled with anti-opsin. Electron-microscopic studies demonstrated ferritin-labeling of the lipochondria in R2 and other immunoreactive neurons. Immunoblot analysis of R2 and cerebral neuron extracts was used to identify two prominent immunoreactive protein bands at 85000 and 67500 molecular weight.
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    Fetal expression of muscle-specific isoactins in multiple organs of the Wistar-Kyoto rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Isoactin ; Muscle ; Fetus ; Ontogeny ; Rat (Wistar-Kyoto)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Actin, a cytoskeletal and contractile protein, is expressed in six different isoforms that exhibit striking specificity. No studies have considered the muscle-specific actin expression in multiple organ systems in the intact fetus. Using a monoclonal antibody (B4) which reacts specifically with the isoactins of the smooth and skeletal muscle our immunohistochemical study examined whole fetal body sections to follow the development of actin expression throughout the last third of gestation in the Wistar-Kyoto rat. B4 staining was exclusively localized to muscle, confirming its high specificity and its usefulness for studying the ontogeny of muscle-specific isoactins. At 15 days of gestation, B4 staining was detected in the heart, the thoracic aorta and the skeletal muscle of the chest wall. The distribution and intensity of staining in the heart were initially higher than in the aorta or skeletal muscle and remained unchanged throughout the remainder of gestation, suggesting that the maturation of cardiac actin expression is well developed, although not fully completed before birth. Expression of muscle-specific actins in skeletal muscle was age-dependent and correlated with the maturational changes of muscle cell precursors. B4 staining in the fetal kidney was not apparent until day 20 of gestation and was localized to the inner cortical vessels. in association with the most mature nephrons, suggesting a centrifugal maturation of the intrarenal vasculature. The intensity of B4 staining in most tissues including bronchi, bowel, diaphragm, chest wall muscle and peripheral and pulmonary arteries increased by the end of gestation.
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    Co-existence and origin of peptidergic and adrenergic nerves in the guinea pig uterus (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 517-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterus ; Autonomic innervation ; Neuropeptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Retrograde tracing ; Pregnancy ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and distribution of peptidergic nerves in the guinea pig uterus was studied by means of immunocytochemistry using numerous neuropeptide antisera. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive (IR) nerves were the most abundant, whereas substance P (SP)-, calcitonine gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, and neurokinin A (NKA)-IR nerves were less frequent, and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI)-IR nerves were the most sparse. Chemical sympathectomy by means of 6-hydroxydopamine, and capsaicin treatment revealed the division of the peptidergic nerves into three separate populations: (1) NPY-IR nerves, which co-existed with adrenergic nerves, (2) SP-, CGRP-and NKA-IR nerves, which mutually co-existed, and (3) PHI-IR nerves. Parallel-running adrenergic/NPY-IR and SP-IR nerves could be found with very similar although not completely identical morphological appearance. Paracervical ganglia contained neurotensin-and dynorphin A-IR cell bodies in addition to cell bodies with immunoreactivities similar to those in prevertebral ganglia. Combined retrograde tracing with True blue and immunocytochemistry showed that the adrenergic and NPY-IR uterine nerves originate in paracervical and prevertebral ganglia. In the prevertebral ganglia the cellular origin was the same for adrenergic and NPY-IR nerves. In contrast, SP-, CGRP-,and NKA-IR nerves originated in dorsal root ganglia. At full-term pregnancy all the neuropeptide immunoreactivities had vanished, probably reflecting a fetus-induced general nerve degeneration.
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    Pinealocytes immunoreactive with antisera against secretory glycoproteins of the subcommissural organ: A comparative study (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 469-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal complex ; Pinealocytes, receptor line ; Subcommissural organ ; Immunocytochemistry ; Protein secretion ; Neuroendocrine system Geotria australis (Cyclostomata) ; Onkorhynchus kisutch (Teleostei) ; Eupsophus roseus (Anura) ; Heloderma suspectum, Varanus monitor (Lacertilia) ; Domestic fowl ; Rat ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of light-microscopic immunocyto-chemistry two polyclonal antibodies (AFRU, ASO; see p. 470) directed against secretory glycoproteins of the subcom-missural organ were shown to cross-react with cells in the pineal organ of lamprey larvae, coho salmon, a toad, two species of lizards, domestic fowl, albino rat and bovine (taxonomic details, see below). The AFRU-immunoreactive cells were identified as pinealocytes of the receptor line (pineal photoreceptors, modified photoreceptors or classical pinealocytes, respectively) either due to their characteristic structural features or by combining AFRU-immunoreaction with S-antigen and opsin immunocytochemistry in the same or adjacent sections. Depending on the species, AFRU- or ASO-immunoreactions were found in the entire perikaryon, inner segments, perinuclear area, and in basal processes facing capillaries or the basal lamina. In most cases, only certain populations of pinealocytes were immunolabeled; these cells were arranged in a peculiar topographical pattern. In lamprey larvae, immunoreactive pinealocytes were observed only in the pineal organ, but not in the parapineal organ. In coho salmon, the immunoreaction occurred in S-antigen-positive pinealocytes of the pineal end-vesicle, but was absent from S-antigen-immunoreactive pinealocytes of the stalk region. In the rat, AFRU-immunoreaction was restricted to S-antigen-immunoreactive pinealocytes found in the deep portion of the pineal organ and the habenular region. These findings support the concept that several types of pinealocytes exist, which differ in their molecular, biochemical and functional features. They also indicate the possibility that the AFRU- and ASO-immunoreactive material found in certain pinealocytes might represent a proteinaceous or peptidic compound, which is synthesized and released from a specialized type of pinealocyte in a hormone-like fashion. This cell type may share functional characteristics with peptidergic neurons or paraneurons.
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    Reissner's fiber and the wall of the central canal in the lumbo-sacral region of the bovine spinal cord (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 649-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reissner's fiber ; Subcommissural organ ; Ependyma ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reissner's fiber (RF) of the subcommissural organ (SCO), the central canal and its bordering structures, and the filum terminale were investigated in the bovine spinal cord by use of transmission electron microscopy, histochemical methods and light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. The primary antisera were raised against the bovine RF, or the SCO proper. Comparative immunocytochemical studies were also performed on the lumbo-sacral region of the rat, rabbit, dog and pig. At all levels of the bovine spinal cord, RF was strongly immunoreactive with both antisera. From cervical to upper sacral levels of the bovine spinal cord there was an increasing number of ependymal cells immunostainable with both antisera. The free surface of the central canal was covered by a layer of immunoreactive material. At sacral levels small subependymal immunoreactive cells were observed. From all these structures sharing the same immunoreactivity, only RF was stained by the paraldehyde-fuchsin and periodicacid-Schiff methods. At the ultrastructural level, ependymal cells with numerous protrusions extending into the central canal were seen in the lower lumbar segments, whereas cells displaying signs of secretory activity were principally found in the ependyma of the upper sacral levels. A few cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons were observed at all levels of the spinal cord; they were immunostained with an anti-tubulin serum. The lumbo-sacral segments of the dog, rat and rabbit, either fixed by vascular perfusion or in the same manner as the bovine material, did not show any immunoreactive structure other than RF. The possibilities that the immunoreactive ependymal cells might play a secretory or an absorptive role, or be the result of post-mortem events, are discussed.
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    Morphological variation of immunoreactive cells positive to cholecystokinin 33 (10–20) and gastrin 34 (1–15) in human duodenum (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 519-525 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Duodenum ; Cholecystokinin ; Gastrin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human duodenal endocrine cells reactive with antibodies to cholecystokinin (CCK) 33 (10–20) and/or gastrin 34 (1–15) were studied by a combination of immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic methods. By immunohistochemistry, three types of endocrine cells were distinguished in human duodenal mucosa, i.e., those only positive for only CCK, those positive for both CCK and gastrin and those only positive for only gastrin. Ultrastructurally, the first cell type is characterized by many secretory granules with an eccentric dense core (mean diameter; 271+-74 nm). The second cell type, which was less frequent than the other two, has ultrastructural features that resemble type-I cells. The last cell type was composed of two types of cells containing small secretory granules identical to those of IG cells (mean diameter; 171+-31 nm) or large secretory granules indistinguishable from those of I cells (mean diameter; 286+-50 nm).
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    Serotonin-immunoreactive and dopamine-immunoreactive neurones in the terminal ganglion of the cricket, Acheta domestica: Light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 167-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Dopamin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Terminal ganglion ; Acheta domestica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and ultrastructure of serotonin- and dopamine-immunoreactive (5-HTi and DAi) neurones have been investigated in the terminal ganglion of the cricket, Acheta domestica, using a pre-embedding chopper technique. Special attention has been paid to the immunoreactive structures in the neuropil. 5-HTi structures are extensively distributed and densely packed throughout the 5 neuromeres of the terminal ganglion and originate from several interneurones and efferent neurones. In contrast, DAi fibres are distributed sparsely although they extend to all neuromeres of the ganglion and originate from 6 interneurons only. For both 5-HTi and DAi neurones characteristic axonal projections and branching patterns can be distinguished. The 5-HTi axons exhibit rich varicose arborizations, whereas DAi neurones possess fewer varicosities in the neuropil. Electron microscopy shows that 5-HTi varicosities contain small (∼ 60 nm) and large (∼ 100 nm) agranular vesicles, and large (∼ 100 nm) granular vesicles, whereas in DAi varicosities small (∼ 60 nm) agranular and large (∼ 100 nm) granular vesicles are seen. Both 5-HTi and DAi varicosities form synaptic contacts. We conclude that both serotonin and dopamine may be used as neurotransmitters in the terminal ganglion of the cricket.
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    The pituitary polypetide “7B2” is associated with LH/FSH and TSH cells and is localized within secretory vesicles (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Polypeptide 7B2 ; Adenohypophysis ; Secretion ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A highly conserved polypeptide termed “7B2”, isolated from human and porcine pituitaries, has been reported by immunoreactivity to be distributed in various organs. However, the highest concentration has been found in the pituitary as demonstrated by a specific radioimmunoassay. In order to determine the type of cells within the pituitary that contain 7B2 and to analyse its intracellular localization, specific immunocytochemistry techniques (unlabeled antibody, peroxidase-antiperoxidase) were used both for light and electron microscopy. Immunocytochemistry of both expiants and monolayer-cell cultures of the adenohypophysis was studied. Immunoreactivity to 7B2 has been found in 21.9% of the total number of cells. After simultaneous staining of serial sections with appropriate antibodies, 7B2 was found to be colocalized with β-LH/β-FSH in gonadotrophs and with β-TSH in thyrotrophs. In situ immunocytochemistry at the electron-microscopic level showed that immunoreactive 7B2 is compartmentalized within secretory granules. The small (130 to 250 nm) but not the large granules (400 to 700 nm) were labeled in gonadotroph-like cells and small granules (90 to 150 nm) were also labeled in thyrothrophlike cells. Study of the gonadotrophs in cell culture after Zamboni's fixation revealed weak to moderate immunoreaction in rough endoplasmic reticulum. The current findings as well as previous data indicate that 7B2 is synthesized, stored and possibly released from the adenohypophysis similarly to many other secretory products.
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    Mosquito trypsin: immunocytochemical localization in the midgut of blood-fed Aedes aegypti (L.) (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Trypsin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Midgut ; Exocytosis ; Aedes aegypti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A polyclonal antibody was raised against trypsin purified from the midgut of blood-fed Aedes aegypti. Using this antibody and our modification of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical reaction, strong activity was found in the lumen of the midgut at the light-microscopical level. The activity was localized mainly in the posterior part of the distensible, abdominal midgut, along the periphery of the blood bolus and within the peritrophic membrane. Immunoreactivity appeared 8 h after the blood meal and was most prominent around 24 h, coinciding with our previous spectrophotometric determinations of trypsin. At the electron-microscopical level, secretory granules, immunocytochemically labelled with anti-trypsin antibody and protein A-colloidal gold, were first detected about 12 h after the blood meal. At 18 h, the secretory pathway could be followed immunocytochemically from the formation of granules in the Golgi complex until their release by exocytosis in the midgut lumen. By 24 h, there was a reduction in secretory granules, and large lysosomes appeared. The process of secretion described for this mosquito is comparable to similar events in vertebrate secretory systems and the presence of an intracellular trypsinogen is suggested.
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    Studies on the development of growth hormone and prolactin cells in the rat pituitary gland by in situ hybridization (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 23-28 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin cells ; Growth hormone cells ; In situ hybridization ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cytogenesis ; Rat (Wistar-Imamichi)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytogenesis of growth hormone and prolactin cells in the rat pituitary gland was studied using in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Frozen or Paraplast sections of fetal and neonatal pituitaries were hybridized with 3H-cDNAs for rat prolactin or growth hormone, and were then processed for autoradiography. A number of growth hormone mRNA-positive cells were encountered throughout the anterior lobe on day 19 of gestation. Individual variaction in growth hormone gene expression was observed between fetuses at day 19 of gestation (6 out of 8 fetuses examined were positive for growth hormone mRNA). In contrast, growth hormone mRNA was detected in the all fetuses examined on day 20 or later. The autoradiographic signal (number of reduced silver grains) appeared to increase with later stages of development. Fetal growth hormone mRNA-positive cells were evenly scattered throughout the anterior lobe. Most of them were isolated, however, small clusters of several growth hormone cells were infrequently observed. Prolactin mRNApositive cells were found first on the 22nd day (the last day of gestation) in 3 of 6 fetuses examined, but were rarely observed on earlier gestational days. By postnatal day 8, prolactin mRNA-positive cells were numerous and the grain density over prolactin cells increased. Both growth hormone and prolactin cells were found as early as 18 days of gestation using immunocytochemistry, although the number of positive cells was very small at this stage. Immunoreactive growth hormone cells increased sharply in number during the next 24 h, while the number of prolactin cells remained scarce until birth. The results suggest that many growth hormone cells are still in an immature state at 20∶00 of day 18 and that many begin to synthesize growth hormone mRNA during next 14 h. On the other hand, no substantial prolactin gene expression appears to take place until after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229062
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    Immunocytological characterization of the expression of cell adhesion molecule L1 during early innervation of mouse otocysts (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: L1-antigen ; Cell adhesion molecule ; Developing vestibular neuroepithelium ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mouse (CBAxC57)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Doubts exist as to whether afferent nerve fibers exert a neurotrophic effect on the differentiation of sensory cells in the developing vestibular neuroepithelium. To determine whether innervation of hair cells precedes their differentiation, we have used the L1 adhesion molecule as a marker for axons. The detection of L1 on afferent axons in the otic vesicle of mouse embryos on gestation day 11 shows that nerve fibers penetrate the neuroepithelium before the sensory cells differentiate. L1-immunoreactivity of nerve endings also reveals the considerable fiber ramification on gestation days 14 and 15, i.e., corresponding to the first stages of sensory cell differentiation. The expression of L1 at successive stages of nerve fiber growth in the neuroepithelium, such as fasciculation and ramification, is not consistent with the previous role proposed for L1 as a fascicule-promoting factor and raises the possibility that other mechanisms are involved in L1 mediaded adhesion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229069
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    Morphological and pharmacological analysis of putative serotonergic bipolar and amacrine cells in the retina of a turtle, Pseudemys scripta elegans (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 241 (1985), S. 373-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Indoleamines ; Serotonin ; Retina (turtle) ; Amacrine/bipolar cells ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using immunocytochemical methods, we have been able to demonstrate serotonin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in amacrine and bipolar cells of the turtle retina. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline drastically increases the amount of 5-hydroxytryptamine within both cell types. The indoleamine 6-hydroxytryptamine is taken up by both cell types and both types are destroyed within 10 days following intraocular injection of 5,7-dihydroxyryptamine. Increasing the external potassium concentration induces release of serotonin in both cell types. Our data support the idea that these neurons use serotonin during neuronal processing. Morphologically, amacrine and bipolar cells with SLI can be subdivided into two and three subclasses, respectively, based on their ramification pattern within the inner plexiform layer. A comparison of the morphological data with those of intracellularly stained amacrine and bipolar cells suggests that all bipolar cells with SLI are center-hyperpolarizing cells and all amacrine cells center-depolarizing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217183
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  • 88
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    Correlative immuno-electron-microscopic and immunofluorescent localization of actin in sensory and supporting cells of the inner ear by use of a low-temperature embedding resin (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Inner ear ; Cochlea ; Actin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chinchilla
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cochleas from chinchilla inner ears were processed in the cold through Lowicryl K4M, and cured by UV light. Thick (2 μm) sections were reacted with primary antibodies raised against actin, and anti-actin antibodies localized by FITC epifluorescence. On thin sections from the same blocks anti-actin antibodies were localized ultrastructurally with secondary antibodies coupled to colloidal gold. In the hair cells, actin was present in the stereocilia and cuticular plate, regions where thin filaments were observed by electron microscopy. Colloidal gold was uniformly distributed over these regions and over the stereocilia rootlets demonstrating that actin was present in this region although previously in permeabilized cells, the rootlet was not decorated with myosin subfragment S-1. Actin was present in the pillar and Deiters supporting cells at the reticular lamina and at the basilar membrane, where a meshwork of thin filaments was seen by electron microscopy. Colloidal gold particles were also localized over the thin processes of the pillar and Deiters cells, and over the region of the Deiters cell which envelops the base of the outer hair cell. In these regions actin co-localized with microtubules along the entire length of the supporting cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213926
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  • 89
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    Immunoreactivity of the hermaphroditic gonad of the snail Helix aspersa Müller towards antibodies raised to fragments of pre-pro-opio-melanocortin (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 337-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Hermaphrodite gonad ; Pre-pro-opio-melanocortin ; FMRF-amide-like materials ; Snail, Helix aspersa Müller
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Male and female germinal cells of the active hermaphroditic gonad of a snail (Helix aspersa Müller) reveal a positive immunoreactivity to some antibodies raised against biologically active peptides related to pre-pro-opiomelanocortin of vertebrates. All but the oldest cells of the different spermatogenetic and oogenetic stages are methionine-enkephalin-immunopositive, whereas only the young oocytes are α-MSH- and 17–39 ACTH-positive. Sometimes some male cells show an 1–24 ACTH positivity. Structures other than germinal cells also react with some antibodies: for example, the nurse cells are β-MSH-immunoreactive, the nerve fibers surrounding each acinus and the hermaphrodite duct are both 17–39 ACTH and FMRF amide positive.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213940
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  • 90
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    Differential immunocytochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, S-100 protein and glutamine synthetase in the rat subcommissural organ, nonspecialized ventricular ependyma and adjacent neuropil (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 343-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Ependyma ; Astrocytes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein ; S-100 protein ; Glutamine synthetase ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies raised against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), S-100 protein (S100) and glutamine synthetase (GS) are currently used as glial markers. The distribution of GFA, S100 and GS in the ependyma of the rat subcommissural organ (SCO), as well as in the adjacent nonspecialized ventricular ependyma and neuropil of the periaqueductal grey matter, was studied by use of the immunocytochemical peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. In the neuropil, GFA, S100 and GS were found in glial elements, i.e., in fibrous (GFA, S100) and protoplasmic astrocytes (S100, GS). The presence of S100 in the majority of the ventricular ependymal cells and tanycytes, and the presence of GFA in a limited number of ventricular ependymal cells and tanycytes confirm the glial nature of these cells. The absence of S100, GFA and GS from the ependymocytes of the SCO, which are considered to be modified ependymal cells, suggests either a non-astrocytic lineage of these cells or an extreme specialization of the SCO-cells as glycoprotein-synthesizing and secreting elements, a process that may have led to the disappearance of the glial markers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213941
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  • 91
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    Morphological correlates of serotonin-neuropeptide Y interactions in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: Combined radioautographic and immunocytochemical data (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 657-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Neuropeptide Y ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Radioautography ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological substrate of putative serotonin (5-HT)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) interactions in thé suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was investigated by combined radioautography and immunocytochemistry after intraventricular administration of (3H)5-HT in the rat. In the ventral portion of the SCN, the distribution of (3H)5-HT uptake sites overlapped closely the NPY-immunoreactive terminals. Previous investigations have shown that the dense 5-HT and NPY innervations of the SCN originate in different structures, i.e., the midbrain raphe nuclei and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, respectively. Accordingly, in the present study, destruction of 5-HT afferents by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine was not found to induce any modification in NPY staining and, in ultrastructural immuno-radioautographic preparations, two distinct pools of axonal varicosities could be identified. Both 5-HT and NPY terminals established morphologically defined synaptic junctions, sometimes on the same neuronal target. Some cases of direct axo-axonic appositions between the two types of terminals were also encountered. These data constitute additional criteria for characterizing the cytological basis of the multiple transmitter interactions presumably involved in the function of the SCN as a central regulator of circadian biological rhythms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218960
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    Reduced numbers of calcitonin gene-related peptide-(CGRP-) and tachykinin-immunoreactive sensory neurones associated with greater enkephalin immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of a mutant rat with hereditary sensory neuropathy (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 451-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Dorsal root ganglia ; Skin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neuropeptides ; Mutilated foot rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mutilated foot rat is a mutant with autosomal recessive sensory neuropathy and frequent mutilation of the hindlimbs. Decreased numbers of dorsal root ganglion cells and diminished sensitivity to painful stimuli are characteristics of these animals. By use of immunocytochemistry, changes in the distributions of peptides involved in sensory and/or autonomic regulation, i.e. calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), tachykinins, enkephalin and neuropeptide Y in spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and skin of these animals, were studied. In comparison with normal litter-mate controls, the dorsal horn of mutilated foot rats contained substantially fewer CGRP and tachykinin-immunoreactive fibres but more fibres immunoreactive for enkephalin. Many enkephalin-immunoreactive cell bodies were also found in the dorsal horn of the mutants, by contrast none were visible in control animals. Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was, however, unchanged in the spinal cord of the mutants. In the dorsal root ganglia of the mutants, the number of CGRPor tachykinin-immunoreactive cells and their proportion to total neuronal numbers were significantly less in comparison with normal controls. The diameter range of CGRP- and tachykinin-immunoreactive cells shifted from small (15–25 μm) to medium size (25–45 μm) as revealed by frequency distribution histograms. The skin from the affected foreand hindlimbs of the mutant rats, in keeping with fewer CGRP- and tachykinin-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal root ganglia, contained substantially less fibres immunoreactive for CGRP and tachykinins; a difference that was not seen in skin of unaffected areas (whiskers and snout). By contrast, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibres showed a normal distribution around blood vessels and sweat glands of mutilated foot rats. The data suggest that diminished pain perception in the mutilated foot rat is related to loss of peptide-containing sensory neurones. Furthermore, the intraspinal increase of enkephalinergic neurones in the dorsal horn, concomitant with the decreased number of primary sensory neurones, may also play a contributory rôle in reducing pain thresholds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224131
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of l-glutamate decarboxylase and GABA in rat pancreatic zymogen granules (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Glutamate decarboxylase ; GABA transaminase ; Exocrine pancreas ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural immunohistochemical localization of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its regulating enzymes, l-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and gamma aminobutyrate-α-ketoglutarate transaminase, was determined utilizing an immunogold post-embedding protocol in pancreatic exocrine tissue. Within the acinar cell, GABA and its biosynthetic enzyme, GAD, were localized in zymogen granules. Quantitative analysis of the GABA immunoreactivity in the acinar cell revealed 1.7±0.5 gold particles/μm2 over the cytoplasm, 36.6±14.1 gold particles/ μm2 over the zymogen granules, and 2.9±2.1 gold particles /μm2 over the mitochondria. Quantitative analysis of the distribution of colloidal gold particles, representing glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the acinar cells, revealed 38.4±2.5 gold particles/μm2 over the zymogen granules, 4.7±1.1 gold particles/μm2 over the mitochondria and 6.3±0.5 gold particles/μm2 over the remainder of the cytoplasm. Substitution of normal sheep serum for the sheep anti-glutamate decarboxylase serum revealed a significant (p〈 0.001) decrease of the colloidal gold particle distribution over the zymogen granules and cytoplasmic compartments of the acini. Gamma aminobutyrate -α-ketoglutarate transaminase, the catabolic enzyme for GABA, was not detected in the mitochondria, zymogen granules, and cytoplasm of the acinar cell, suggesting that GABA is not catabolized within the acinar cell. Preabsorption and substitution controls resulted in an absence of labeling. These results suggest that GABA may act extracellularly and/or have a role within the zymogen granule in the exocrine pancreas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213841
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    Cultured fetal rat pituitaries kept in synthetic medium are able to initiate synthesis of trophic hormones (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 645-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary, pars distalis ; Differentiation ; Organ culture ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley, CFY)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunohistochemical study was performed to determine the capacity of early fetal pituitaries to differentiate into specific hormone-synthesizing tissue in the absence of any influence from the central nervous system. Rathke's pouches from rats were removed from their juxtadiencephalic position on day 11 and 12 of gestation and maintained for 2–7 days in a chemically defined culture medium (M 199) without antibiotics and serum supplementation. The immunocytochemical observations provided evidence for the differentiation of ACTH-, TSH-gb-, LH-gb-, FSH-gb-, GH- and PRL-synthesizing cells in the isolated organ cultured from 11 to 12-day-old pituitary primordia. The appearance of specific hormone-synthesizing cells in vitro displayed a delay of 1.5–2 days compared to the day of appearance in vivo, however, the sequential order of developmental events occurred as observed in vivo. The present results suggest that endocrine or neuroendocrine signals are not required for the expression of specific secretory functions of fetal pituitaries, at least at an age of 11–12 days.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218803
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    Ontogenetic development of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-immunoreactive structures in the brain of the mallard embryo (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 657-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) ; Development, ontogenetic ; Anterior hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Domestic mallard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Developmental changes of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-immunoreactive structures in the brain of mallard embryos were studied by means of immunocytochemistry (PAP technique). The primary antibody was generated against synthetic TRH. Immunoreactive neurons were first detected in the hypothalamus of 14-day-old embryos. By day 20, increasing numbers of immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the paraventricular nucleus, anterior preoptic region and supraoptic region. Immunoreactive fiber projections were seen in the median eminence as early as embryonic day 20; they occurred also in some extrahypothalamic regions (lateral septum, accumbens nucleus). The number and staining intensity of the cell bodies increased up to hatching, and continued to increase during the first week after hatching.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218805
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    Diversity of prolactin systems in the insect Leucophaea maderae: Use of antiserum polyclonality for immunocytochemical detection of neuropeptide heterogeneity (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 557-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin-like neuropeptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Brain ; Neuroendocrine structures ; Insects ; Leucophaea maderae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of prolactin-like neuropeptides was demonstrated immunocytochemically in the brain and affiliated neuroendocrine structures of the insect Leucophaea maderae. Use of the unlabelled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of Sternberger revealed a rather widespread and differential distribution of reaction products resembling human (hPRL) and ovine (oPRL) prolactin. Tests with antirat PRL antibody were negative. The specificity of the antibodies used was established by liquid-phase absorptions and confirmed in tissue control systems. In L. maderae, anti-oPRL identifies part of an oPRL-like molecule different from human and rat PRL. Anti-hPRL reveals part of a human and ovine PRL-like molecule different from rat prolactin. These results indicate the occurrence, in the nervous tissue of one insect species, of at least two types of prolactin-like molecules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216642
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  • 97
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    Atrial myoendocrine cells (cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic polypeptide-containing myocardiocytes) are target cells for estradiol (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 673-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine heart ; Estradiol ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry ; Co-localization ; CDD/ANP gene regulation ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Atrial myoendocrine cells of rat were investigated regarding estradiol uptake. It was found that, in addition to their specific endocrine function of producing cardiac polypeptides of the cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP) family, these cells also specifically accumulate radiolabeled estradiol. This co-localization supports the view that steroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of the CDD/ANP gene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218808
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    Patchy basement membrane of rat Leydig cells shown by ultrastructural immunolabeling (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Leydig cells ; Basement membrane ; Laminin ; Collagen ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat testes were examined by conventional and immunolabeling transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally identifiable continuous basement membranes were found around seminiferous tubules and the interstitial capillaries. Patches of basement membrane were, additionally, found on free surfaces of Leydig cells, between two Leydig cells, and in macrophage-Leydig cell contact sites. The ultrastructural findings were confirmed by immunocytochemical localization of laminin and collagen type IV in the same areas. A close association between the capillary basement membranes and the surfaces of perivascular Leydig cells was also observed. The possible basement membrane-mediated interactions of Leydig cells with other testicular structures, together with the novel bioactive products and regulators of Leydig cells, support the role of these cells as exceptionally complex regulatory centers of testicular functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224717
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    Neuroendocrine cells within colorectal tumours induced by dimethylhydrazine (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine ; Peptide YY ; Glucagon ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Colorectal adenocarcinomas were induced in male Wistar rats, by weekly subcutaneous administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, classified according to the degree of differentiation and submitted to immunocytochemistry for the peptides cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the biogenic monoamine 5-hydroxytryptamine. Well- or moderately well-differentiated adenocarcinomas comprised 46% of the tumour population, only 4% were poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas, and the remaining 50% possessed a mixture of these two morphologies. Glucagon, PYY and 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive cells were frequently observed within well- or moderately well-differentiated tumours and within such regions of tumours possessing a mixed morphological pattern. The tumours contained no cells immunoreactive for any of the peptides not normally located within the colorectum, nor did they contain cells immunoreactive for somatostatin and VIP, although known positive controls did stain. Poorly-differentiated tumours and portions of tumours of mixed type, were consistently negative. 5-hydroxytryptamine was the most frequently located of the three antigens, being detected in 87% of the moderately well-differentiated tumours and 32% of the tumours with mixed morphologies. 11% of moderately well-differentiated tumours possessed 5-hydroxytryptamine positive cells in such profusion that they contributed significantly to the tumour mass. The distribution of glucagon-and PYY-immunoreactive cells was similar, although they occurred with a lower frequency, presumably corresponding to their lower numbers within the normal colorectal mucosa. Additionally, these two peptide immunoreactivities were colocalized in the majority of cells, although some cells contained only one antigen. The immense numbers of cells immunoreactive for peptides and monoamine in a significant proportion of colorectal adenocarcinomas suggests that they have arisen from multipotential endodermal stem cells within the tumours and are not part of the normal epithelial population being engulfed as the tumour grows.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219019
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    Cholinergic neurons in the lamina ganglionaris of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Cholin-acetyltransferase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Visual system ; Calliphora erythrocephala (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of putative cholinergic neurons in the lamina of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala was studied by immunocytochemical and histochemical methods. Three different antibodies directed against the AChsynthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), revealed a cholinergic population of fibres running parallel to the laminar cartridges, which have branch-like structures at the distal lamina border. Cell bodies in the chiasma next to the lamina border were also labelled by the anti-ChAT antibodies. Monopolar cell bodies in the nuclear layer were faintly labelled. The distribution of the acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzyme, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), was revealed by histochemical staining and was similar to the ChAT immunocytochemistry. The arrangement of ChAT positive fibres in transverse and longitudinal sections and the distribution of AChE stained fibres indicate that the amacrine cells of the lamina are cholinergic cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224729
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