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  • Chemistry  (6.858)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (634)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (366)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1980-1984  (7.858)
  • 1981  (7.858)
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  • 1
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    Rational approaches to chemotherapy: antisickling agents (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-08-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klotz, I M -- Haney, D N -- King, L C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):724-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anemia, Sickle Cell/*drug therapy ; Aspirin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hemoglobin, Sickle ; Humans ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Conformation ; Salicylates/*therapeutic use ; Solubility ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Automated synthesis of gene fragments (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-10-16
    Beschreibung: The DNA/RNA Synthesizer provides a complete and automated procedure for the synthesis of DNA sequences. Each base unit is added in a 30-minute cycle, permitting a tetradecamer to be constructed in 6 1/2 hours. The complete procedure is described, including a practical procedure for isolation and purification of the desired DNA sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alvarado-Urbina, G -- Sathe, G M -- Liu, W C -- Gillen, M F -- Duck, P D -- Bender, R -- Ogilvie, K K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):270-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6169150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Automation ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*chemical synthesis ; *Genes, Synthetic ; RNA/*chemical synthesis ; Solubility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Chitin: New facets of research (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-05-15
    Beschreibung: Research on chitin as a marine resource is pointing to novel applications for this cellulose-like biopolymer. Discovery of nondegrading solvent systems has permitted the spinning of filaments, for example, for use as surgical sutures. New methods for preparing the bioactive alkyl glycoside of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (the monomer unit of chitin) and a microcrystalline chitin has encouraged their use as promoters for growth of bifidobacteria and as an aid in digestion of high-lactose cheese whey by domestic animals. Chitin-protein complexes of several crustacean species show great variability in ratios of chitin to covalently bound protein and in residual protein in the "purified" chitins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, P R -- Brine, C J -- Castle, J E -- Zikakis, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):749-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animal Feed ; Animals ; Cheese ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chickens ; *Chitin ; Crystallography ; Lactose/metabolism ; Proteins/analysis ; Sutures ; *Technology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    DNA sequencing and gene structure (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-12-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1305-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; *Genes ; Hydrazines ; Lac Operon ; Methylation ; Prokaryotic Cells/physiology ; Sulfuric Acid Esters
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Reversible chemical modification of the scrapie agent (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-12-11
    Beschreibung: The scrapie agent causes a degenerative nervous system disease in sheep and goats. Studies with extensively purified preparations demonstrated that the agent contains a protein that is required for infectivity. Chemical modification of the scrapie agent by diethyl pyrocarbonate reduced the titer 1000-fold. Exposure of the inactivated agent to hydroxylamine, a strong nucleophile, resulted in complete restoration of infectivity. Presumably, nucleophilic residues within a scrapie agent protein undergo carbethoxylation on reaction with diethyl pyrocarbonate, and subsequent addition of hydroxylamine displaces these carbethoxy groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKinley, M P -- Masiarz, F R -- Prusiner, S B -- NS14069/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6795721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Assay ; Brain/microbiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate/pharmacology ; Histidine/pharmacology ; *Prions ; Ribonucleases/pharmacology ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/*isolation & purification/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Nonenzymatic browning in vivo: possible process for aging of long-lived proteins (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-01-30
    Beschreibung: The incubation of lens proteins with reducing sugars leads to the formation of fluorescent yellow pigments and cross-like similar to those reported in aging and cataractous human lenses. Called nonenzymatic browning or the Maillard reaction, this aging process also occurs in stored foods. Reducing sugars condense with the free amino group of proteins, then rearrange and dehydrate to form unsaturated pigments and cross-linked products. Although most proteins in living systems turn over with sufficient rapidity to avoid nonenzymatic browning, some, such as lens crystallins and skin collagen, are exceptionally long-lived and may be vulnerable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monnier, V M -- Cerami, A -- AM 19655/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Aging ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Crystallins ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Glucose ; Glucosephosphates ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysine ; *Proteins ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The National Science Foundation looks to the future (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 1981-03-13
    Beschreibung: Great advances have been made in fundamental scientific research in recent years. The new knowledge gathered, in addition to deepening our understanding of the physical universe, contributes a range of abilities and opportunities to society that would not otherwise be available. Much research that may be called applied because it addresses needs of society is quite fundamental in character, and support of such research at the National Science Foundation is to be handled in tandem by the research directorates. Other areas that require a refocusing of support are engineering science and education, at all levels, in science and engineering. Increasing our strength in these areas is essential to achieve our national economic, social, and political goals. Steps are being taken by the National Science Foundation to make its structure better able to deal with engineering and applied research and to provide greater mutual reinforcement between applied and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slaughter, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1131-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cell Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Forecasting ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Government Agencies ; Molecular Biology ; Neurochemistry ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Curved-flow, rolling-flow, and oscillatory pure-yawing wind-tunnel test methods for determination of dynamic stability derivatives (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-10-14
    Beschreibung: The test capabilities of the Stability Wind Tunnel of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University are described, and calibrations for curved and rolling flow techniques are given. Oscillatory snaking tests to determine pure yawing derivatives are considered. Representative aerodynamic data obtained for a current fighter configuration using the curved and rolling flow techniques are presented. The application of dynamic derivatives obtained in such tests to the analysis of airplane motions in general, and to high angle of attack flight conditions in particular, is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Dyn. Stability Parameters; 13 p
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  • 9
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    An analytic solution to the classical two-body problem with drag (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The two body problem was analyzed with a specific drag model. The model treats drag as a force proportional to the vector velocity and inversely proportional to the distance to the center of attraction. The solution is expressed in terms of known functions and is of a simple and compact form. The time of flight is expressed as a quadrature in the true anomaly. The results are: (1) development of a vector differential equation which allows analysis of an infinite number of gravitational and drag models; and (2) obtaining the solution of a linear differential equation using the inverse method of laplace transforms.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program, Vol. 2; 22 p
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  • 10
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    Langley high-lift research on a high-aspect-ratio supercritical wing configuration (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: To determine the low speed performance characteristics of a representative high aspect ratio supercritical wing, two low speed jet transport models were fabricated. A 12-ft. span model was used for low Reynolds number tests in the Langley 4- by 7-Meter Tunnel and the second, a 7.5-ft. span model, was used for high Reynolds number tests in the Ames 12-foot Pressure Tunnel. A brief summary of the results of the tests of these two models is presented and comparisons are made between the data obtained on these two models and other similar models. Follow-on two and three dimensional research efforts related to the EET high-lift configurations are also presented and discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 55-77
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  • 11
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    Measured transonic unsteady pressures on an energy efficient transport wing with oscillating control surfaces (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Highlight results are presented from subsonic and transonic pressure measurement studies conducted in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel on a supercritical wing model representative of an energy efficient transport design. Steady- and unsteady-pressure data were acquired on the upper and lower wing surface at an off-design Mach number of 0.60 and at the design Mach number of 0.78, for a Reynolds number of 2.2 x 10(6) (based on the wing average chord). The model configuration consisted of a sidewall-Mounted half-body fuselage and a semi-span wing with an aspect ratio of 10.76, a leading-edge sweepback angle of 28.8 degrees, and supercritical airfoil sections. The wing is instrumented with 252 static pressure orifices and 164 dynamic pressure gages. Model test variables included wing angle of attack, control-surface mean deflection angle, control-surface oscillating deflection angle and frequency, and phasing between oscillating leading-edge and trailing-edge controls when used together.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Advan. Aerodyn.: Selected NASA Res.; p 21-36
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  • 12
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    Vortex-flow aerodynamics - An emerging design capability (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Promising current theoretical and simulational developments in the field of leading edge vortex-generating delta, arrow ogival wings are reported, along with the history of theory and experiment leading to them. The effects of wing slenderness, leading edge nose radius, Mach number and incidence variations, and planform on the onset of vortex generation and redistribution of aerodynamic loads are considered. The range of design possibilities in this field are consequential for the future development of strategic aircraft, supersonic transports and commercial cargo aircraft which will possess low-speed, high-lift capability by virtue of leading edge vortex generation and control without recourse to heavy and expensive leading edge high-lift devices and compound airfoils. Attention is given to interactive graphics simulation devices recently developed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 19; May 1981
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  • 13
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    Transport velocity transformation - A convenient method for performance analysis of multilayer solar cell structure (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is noted that in the case of low-level injection, space-charge quasi-neutrality, and spatially constant material parameters (including an electrostatic field), the individual layer can be treated analytically and the basic solar cell performance parameters can be evaluated from three equations. The first equation represents the transformation of the transport velocity across the layer from the other layer boundary. The second establishes the light-generated current output from the layer interface, under the influence of the transport velocities and minority-carrier density at both layer boundaries and of bulk recombination. The third equation describes the flow of these carriers across other layers. The power of the approach is considered to lie in its facility for analysis of the solar cell's performance layer by layer, giving a clear picture of the individual layer's influence on cell efficiency.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-28; May 1981
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  • 14
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    Longitudinal grooves for bluff body drag reduction (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Wind tunnel test results are presented for four axisymmetric bluff body configurations in order to determine their effect on form and pressure drag. It was found that drag reductions on the order of 40% are obtainable with an afterbody incorporating four longitudinal 'V' grooves. Although this effect may be due to the functioning of the grooves as longitudinal, continuous vortex generators, it is concluded that further research is needed to elucidate the physical basis of the test results. Optimization of the effect will be useful in base drag reduction for such vehicles as automobiles and cargo aircraft with sharply upswept afterbodies.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 19; Apr. 198
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  • 15
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    Vectored injection into compressible laminar and turbulent boundary layers (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A fundamental analysis of two-dimensional supersonic boundary layer flow, both laminar and turbulent, is presented for a wide range of normal and nonnormal mass-transfer velocities. The analysis is based on the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, and results are compared with available theoretical and experimental data. Certain cases of practical importance, for which results are not presently available, are referred to.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 25; Jan. 198
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  • 16
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    Report of the panel on theoretical aerodynamics (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Interactions between theoretical aerodynamics and the NTF are discussed. The development and validation of computational fluid dynamics computer codes, the determination of Reynolds number scaling laws, and extension of the data bases of entrainment type turbulence models to include high Reynolds number data are recommended areas of study. The major benefit theoretical aerodynamics could have on the NTF is in the quantitative description of wind tunnel wall interference effects.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 277-286
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  • 17
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    High Reynolds number research requirements for space vehicle design (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Requirements of entry vehicle design requiring high Reynolds number wind tunnel testing are discussed. The space shuttle orbiter, development of future space transportation systems, and planetary entry data analysis are considered.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 265-274
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  • 18
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    Report of the panel on aeroelasticity and unsteady aerodynamics (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The status of recommended areas of study for the NTF are reviewed. Transonic and control surface unsteady aerodynamics, and buffet onset and loads are considered. Testing of dynamically scaled flutter models is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 237-246
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  • 19
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    Model experience in the Langley 0.3-m transonic cryogenic tunnel (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The model building, development, and testing experience gained during 8 years of operation of the 0.3-m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) is summarized. The summary is divided into four portions: (1) models tested in the 0.3-m TCT's original octagonal test section; (2) models tested in the present two dimensional test section; (3) models tested as a part of tunnel calibration and the development of advanced technology airfoils; and (4) development of a new way to construct two dimensional airfoil models. Design requirements imposed on the models by high Reynolds number testing at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 53-73
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  • 20
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    Solar cell measurements (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The measurement of the electrical performance characteristics of individual solar cells is discussed. One of the reasons is determination of the output power, measurement of the effect of various degradation mechanisms, and separation of cells by current and voltage for eventual use in series and parallel combinations. Major problem areas in making accurate performance measurements are the determination of the irradiance level during measurement, the measurement and control of cell junction temperature, and the contacting of the separate current and potential leads to the cell under test. Solar cells respond to only part of the solar spectrum, irradiance measurement made with blackbody detectors lead to spectral mismatch errors. The use of reference cells with a spectral response similar to that of the test cell reduces this error. Reference cells are calibrated at standard atmospheric conditions with all cells calibrated at the same conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Midwest Research Inst. Com. Photovoltaics Meas. Workshop Proc.; p 227-233
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  • 21
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    Effectiveness of leading-edge vortex flaps on 60 and 75 degree delta wings (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A series of wind tunnel tests were run on 60 and 75 deg sweep delta wings to examine the effectiveness of leading-edge vortex flaps. Tests results showed that leading-edge vortex flaps are effective in giving large increases in lift-to-drag ratio and decreases in drag over a wide range of angle of attack. Tests on inverted flaps on the 60 deg delta wing showed substantial increases in lift and drag and may indicate a possibility of using inverted flaps on delta wings in the landing portion of flight. The 60 deg data were compared with that for a 75 deg sweep delta wing confirming that leading-edge vortex flap effectiveness is stronger as sweep is increased. Pitching moment effects due to vortex flaps use were also examined.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 18; Apr. 198
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  • 22
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    Partially confined multiple jet mixing (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Results of hot-wire measurements in an incompressible partially confined jet issuing from an array of rectangular nozzles, equally spaced with their small dimensions aligned are presented. The quantities measured include mean velocity and the Reynolds stress in the two central planes of the jet at stations covering up to 115 widths (small dimension of a nozzle) downstream of the nozzle exit. For downstream distances greater than 60 widths, the flowfield is observed to be nearly homogenous and the turbulence appears to be quite similar to that of a grid generated turbulence.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 19; Mar. 198
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  • 23
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    Unsteady Newton-Busemann flow theory. I - Airfoils (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Newtonian flow theory for unsteady flow at very high Mach numbers is completed by the addition of a centrifugal force correction to the impact pressures. The correction term is the unsteady counterpart of Busemann's centrifugal force correction to impact pressures in steady flow. For airfoils of arbitary shape, exact formulas for the unsteady pressure and stiffness and damping-in-pitch derivatives are obtained in closed form, which require only numerical quadratures of terms involving the airfoil shape. They are applicable to airfoils of arbitrary thickness having sharp or blunt leading edges. For wedges and thin airfoils these formulas are greatly simplified, and it is proved that the pitching motions of thin airfoils of convex shape and of wedges of arbitrary thickness are always dynamically stable according to Newton-Busemann theory. Leading-edge bluntness is shown to have a favorable effect on the dynamic stability; on the other hand, airfoils of concave shape tend toward dynamic instability over a range of axis positions if the surface curvature exceeds a certain limit. As a byproduct, it is also shown that a pressure formula recently given by Barron and Mandl for unsteady Newtonian flow over a pitching power-law shaped airfoil is erroneous and that their conclusion regarding the effect of pivot position on the dynamic stability is misleading.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 19; Mar. 198
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  • 24
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    Evidence of imbedded vortices in a three-dimensional shear flow (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Vortex phenomena encountered in an investigation of the streamwise development of the three-dimensional wake region behind the tip of a three-dimensional wedge model are reported. Pressure profiles were measured by pitot probes downstream of a tip with a nearly constant surface pressure level and a nearly continuous surface curvature in a blowdown air tunnel operating at Mach 6. Rather than the simple three-dimensional quasi-parallel shear flow expected, the measurements indicated the presence of a flow with large deficits in longitudinal pitot pressure, which are usually associated with the core region of quasi-steady longitudinal vortices. Vapor screen flow visualizations also support the presence of longitudinal vortices located primarily in the tip region and evidently forming in the vicinity of the wake neck. An increase in overall wake thickness by 100% is also observed. The origin of the vortices as quasi-steady Taylor-Gortler vortices generated in the concavely curved shear layer near the wake neck is considered. It is pointed out that the existence of longitudinal vortexes suggests that three-dimensional turbulence modeling may be much more difficult than previously supposed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 19; Mar. 198
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  • 25
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    Proposed aeroelastic and flutter tests for the National Transonic Facility (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Tests that can exploit the capability of the NTF and the transonic cryogenic tunnel, or lead to improvements that could enhance testing in the NTF are discussed. Shock induced oscillation, supersonic single degree control surface flutter, and transonic flutter speed as a function of the Reynolds number are considered. Honeycombs versus screens to smooth the tunnel flow and a rapid tunnel dynamic pressure reducer are recommended to improve tunnel performance.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 153-161
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  • 26
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    Report of the wind tunnel/flight correlation panel (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Basic calibration of the tunnel prior to conducting any tests, the areas requiring wind tunnel/flight test correlation for validating the NTF, and recommendations for achieving validation of the NTF are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 249-262
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  • 27
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    High lift technology (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The NASA Langley high lift technology program is reviewed and elements of the program which are considered Reynolds number sensitive are discussed. The Energy Efficient Transport (EET) and Supersonic Cruise Research (SCR) models proposed for high lift studies in the National Transonic Facility (NTF) are described. Recommendations regarding the NTF facility and test techniques are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 197-213
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  • 28
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    Wall interference effects: Status review (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The interference technology incorporated into the NTF design (hardware) and the emerging transonic wall interference assessment correction procedures (software) to be employed when the NTF becomes operational was reviewed. It is anticipated that the early experiments will provide data relevant to wall interference effects.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 123-241
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  • 29
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    Configuration aerodynamics (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Static aerodynamic research related to aircraft configurations in their cruise or combat modes is discussed. Subsonic transport aircraft, transonic tactical aircraft, and slender wing aircraft are considered. The status and plans of Langley's NTF configuration research program are reviewed. Recommendations for near term configuration research are made.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 217-234
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  • 30
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    Comments on Reynolds number effects and the role of NTF in the development of air vehicles (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The National Transonic Facility (NTF) capability to match the full scale Reynolds numbers of all but the largest airplanes is discussed. Conversion factors to enable calculation of Sl-unit equivalents for all U.S. units are listed. Using data from several facilities, analytic methods, and flight test data, a competetive aircraft in the relatively low Reynolds number was developed. The NTF offers the capability to obtain data at full scale Reynolds numbers in the cruise condition for most of the products, and will be much closer than previous tunnels to full scale Reynolds number for the operating envelopes. It is primarily on the operating envelope that Reynolds number effects are most important and least predictable.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 143-148
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  • 31
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    Photovoltaics (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The federal government has sponsored a program of research and development on terrestrial photovoltaic systems that is designed to reduce the costs of such systems through technological advances. There are many potential paths to lower system costs, and successful developments have led to increased private investment in photovoltaics. The prices for photovoltaic collectors and systems that appear to be achievable within this decade offer hope that the systems will soon be attractive in utility applications within the United States. Most of the advances achieved will also be directly applicable to the remote markets in which photovoltaic systems are now commercially successful
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Science; 212; June 26
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  • 32
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    Solution of the transonic full potential equation in conservative form using an implicit algorithm (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The paper presents numerical solutions of the full potential equation in conservative form. The iteration scheme used is a fully implicit approximate factorization technique and provides a significant improvement in convergence speed relative to standard successive line overrelaxation algorithms. The spatial differencing algorithm is centrally differenced in both subsonic and supersonic regions to maintain stability. This effectively approximates rotated differencing, thereby greatly improving the reliability of the algorithm.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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  • 33
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    Production of hydrogen by electron transfer catalysis using conventional and photochemical means (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Alternate methods of generating hydrogen from the sulfuric acid thermal or electrochemical cycles are presented. A number of processes requiring chemical, electrochemical or photochemical methods are also presented. These include the design of potential photoelectrodes and photocatalytic membranes using Ru impregnated nafion tubing, and the design of experiments to study the catalyzed electrolytic formation of hydrogen and sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide and water using quinones as catalysts. Experiments are carried out to determine the value of these approaches to energy conversion.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 233-236
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  • 34
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    Overview of the Chemical/Hydrogen Energy Systems (C/HES) program (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The production, storage and transmission, and utilization of hydrogen are included. Management structure and the programmatic emphasis are summarized.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 141-144
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  • 35
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    Chemical/Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Electrochemical and thermochemical systems are reviewed. Chemical heat pumps, end-use applications and systems studies, and storage systems and materials are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 145-149
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  • 36
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    An experimental study of SO3 dissociation as a mechanism for converting and transporting solar energy (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The high temperature catalytic dissocation of SO3 is an important chemical process being considered in the development and application of solar-thermal energy conversion, transport, and storage systems. A facility for evaluating chemical converter-heat exchangers at temperatures to 1000 C with high flow rates of gaseous SO3 feedstock has been assembled and operated on the NMSU campus. Several quartz and metal reactors containing different catalyst configurations have been tested. Descriptions of the test facility and of the reactors are given along with a presentation and discussion of experimental results.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Solar Energy; 27; 5, 19; 1981
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  • 37
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    Computation of airfoil buffet boundaries (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The ILLIAC IV computer has been programmed with an implicit, finite-difference code for solving the thin layer compressible Navier-Stokes equation. Results presented for the case of the buffet boundaries of a conventional and a supercritical airfoil section at high Reynolds numbers are found to be in agreement with experimentally determined buffet boundaries, especially at the higher freestream Mach numbers and lower lift coefficients where the onset of unsteady flows is associated with shock wave-induced boundary layer separation.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 19; Nov. 198
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  • 38
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    Production cost comparisons of hydrogen from fossil and nuclear fuel and water decomposition (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The comparative costs entailed in producing hydrogen by major technologies that rely on petroleum, natural gas, coal, thermochemical cycles, and electrolysis are examined. Techniques were developed for comparing these processes by formulating the process data and economic assessments on a uniform and consistent basis. These data were normalized to permit a meaningful comparative analysis of product costs of these processes.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 227-231
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  • 39
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    Orbiter fuel cell improvement assessment (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The history of fuel cells and the theory of fuel cells is given. Expressions for thermodynamic and electrical efficiencies are developed. The voltage losses due to electrode activation, ohmic resistance and ionic diffusion are discussed. Present limitations of the Orbiter Fuel Cell, as well as proposed enhancements, are given. These enhancements are then evaluated and recommendations are given for fuel cell enhancement both for short-range as well as long-range performance improvement. Estimates of reliability and cost savings are given for enhancements where possible.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. fellowship Program, Vol. 1; 27 p
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  • 40
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    Contact resistivities of sputtered TiN and Ti-TiN metallizations on solar-cell-type-silicon (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The resistivities of TiN and Ti-TiN contacts on a shallow junction solar-cell-type silicon substrate have been determined by the method of the transmission line model. The contacts investigated are shown to be suitable for standard solar cells from an electrical point of view. Contact resistivity values of the order of 0.0001 ohm/sq cm as obtained for the n(+)Si-TiSi2-TiN contact system may be acceptable for concentrations up to 100 times, but lower values are necessary beyond this point.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Solar Energy; 27; 4, 19; 1981
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  • 41
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    Status of the microwave power transmission components for the solar power satellite (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: During the 1970-1980 time period a substantial advance has been made in developing all portions of a microwave power transmission system for the solar power satellite (SPS). The most recent advances pertain to the transmitting portion of the system in the satellite and are based upon experimental observations of the use of the magnetron combined with a passive directional device to convert it into a highly efficient directional amplifier with excellent low-noise properties and potentially very long life. The ability of its microwave output to track a phase reference makes it possible to combine it with many other radiating units to provide a highly coherent microwave beam. The ability of its output to track an amplitude reference while operating from a dc power source with varying voltage makes it possible to eliminate most of the power conditioning equipment that would otherwise be necessary.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 42
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    Dispersed solar thermal generation employing parabolic dish-electric transport with field modulated generator systems (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: This paper discusses the application of field modulated generator systems (FMGS) to dispersed solar-thermal-electric generation from a parabolic dish field with electric transport. Each solar generation unit is rated at 15 kWe and the power generated by an array of such units is electrically collected for insertion into an existing utility grid. Such an approach appears to be most suitable when the heat engine rotational speeds are high (greater than 6000 r/min) and, in particular, if they are operated in the variable speed mode and if utility-grade a.c. is required for direct insertion into the grid without an intermediate electric energy storage and reconversion system. Predictions of overall efficiencies based on conservative efficiency figures for the FMGS are in the range of 25 per cent and should be encouraging to those involved in the development of cost-effective dispersed solar thermal power systems.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Solar Energy; 27; 1, 19; 1981
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  • 43
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    Application of unsteady airfoil theory to rotary wings (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A clarification is presented on recent work concerning the application of unsteady airfoil theory to rotary wings. The application of this theory may be seen as consisting of four steps: (1) the selection of an appropriate unsteady airfoil theory; (2) the resolution of that velocity which is the resultant of aerodynamic and dynamic velocities at a point on the elastic axis into radial, tangential and perpendicular components, and the angular velocity of a blade section about the deformed axis; (3) the expression of lift and pitching moments in terms of the three components; and (4) the derivation of explicit expressions for the components in terms of flight velocity, induced flow, rotor rotational speed, blade motion variables, etc.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 18; July 198
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  • 44
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    The coupling between flow instabilities and incident disturbances at a leading edge (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is now generally agreed that an external disturbance field, such as an incident acoustic wave, can effectively couple to instabilities of a flow past a trailing edge. One purpose of the present paper is to show that there are situations where a similar coupling can occur at a leading edge. The process is analyzed and the effects of experimentally controllable parameters are assessed. It is important to account for such phenomena when evaluating the effect of external disturbances on transition.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 104; Mar. 198
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  • 45
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    A discrete vortex method for the non-steady separated flow over an airfoil (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A discrete vortex method was used to analyze the separated non-steady flow about a cambered airfoil. The foil flow modelling is based on the thin lifting-surface approach, where the chordwise location of the separation point is assumed to be known from experiments or flow-visualization data. Calculated results provided good agreement when compared with the post-stall aerodynamic data of two airfoils. Those airfoil sections differed in the extent of travel of the separation point with increasing angle of attack. Furthermore, the periodic wake shedding was analyzed and its time-dependent influence on the airfoil was investigated.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 102; Jan. 198
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  • 46
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    The properties of polycrystalline silicon solar cells with controlled titanium additions (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: By coupling the results of electrical measurements, such as spectral response, lighted and dark I-V determinations, and deep-level-transient spectroscopy with optical and laser scan photomicroscopy, the effects of grain boundaries and impurities on silicon solar cells were evaluated. Titanium, which produces two deep levels in silicon, degrades cell performance by reducing bulk lifetime and thus cell short-circuit current. Electrically active grain boundaries induce carrier recombination in the bulk and depletion regions of the solar cell. Experimental data imply a small but measurable segregation of titanium into some grain boundaries of the polycrystalline silicon containing high Ti concentration. However, for the titanium-contaminated polycrystalline material used in this study, solar cell performance is dominated by the electrically active titanium concentration in the grains. Microstructural impacts on the devices are of secondary importance
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-28; Jan. 198
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  • 47
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    Pathfinder model program for the National Transonic Facility (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An overview of the Pathfinder Models Program is presented. The Pathfinder program is a major research and development activity in support of the National Transonic Facility Activation Plan. The program scope, models design approach, and Pathfinder model configurations are presented along with a discussion of major supportive program activities. The anticipated design criteria for NTF models are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 37-52
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  • 48
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    Assessment of solar-assisted gas-fired heat pump systems (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: As a possible application for the Goldstone Energy Project, the performance of a 10 ton heat pump unit using a hybrid solar gas energy source was evaluated in an effort to optimize the solar collector size. The heat pump system is designed to provide all the cooling and/or heating requirements of a selected office building. The system performance is to be augmented in the heating mode by utilizing the waste heat from the power cycle. A simplified system analysis is described to assess and compute interrrelationships of the engine, heat pump, and solar and building performance parameters, and to optimize the solar concentrator/building area ratio for a minimum total system cost. In addition, four alternative heating cooling systems, commonly used for building comfort, are described; their costs are compared, and are found to be less competitive with the gas solar heat pump system at the projected solar equipment costs.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 154-190
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  • 49
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    Computer simulated building energy consumption for verification of energy conservation measures in network facilities (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A computer program called ECPVER (Energy Consumption Program - Verification) was developed to simulate all energy loads for any number of buildings. The program computes simulated daily, monthly, and yearly energy consumption which can be compared with actual meter readings for the same time period. Such comparison can lead to validation of the model under a variety of conditions, which allows it to be used to predict future energy saving due to energy conservation measures. Predicted energy saving can then be compared with actual saving to verify the effectiveness of those energy conservation changes. This verification procedure is planned to be an important advancement in the Deep Space Network Energy Project, which seeks to reduce energy cost and consumption at all DSN Deep Space Stations.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 142-146
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  • 50
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    Fuel cells feasibility (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The technical and economic status of fuel cells is assessed with emphasis on their potential benefits to the Deep Space Network. The fuel cell, what it is, how it operates, and what its outputs are, is reviewed. Major technical problems of the fuel cell and its components are highlighted. Due to these problems and economic considerations it is concluded that fuel cells will not become commercially viable until the early 1990s.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 154-168
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  • 51
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    A sensitivity model for energy consumption in buildings. Part 1: Effect of exterior environment (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A simple analytical model is developed for the simulation of seasonal heating and cooling loads of any class of buildings to complement available computerized techniques which make hourly, daily, and monthly calculations. An expression for the annual energy utilization index, which is a common measure of rating buildings having the same functional utilization, is derived to include about 30 parameters for both building interior and exterior environments. The sensitivity of a general class building to either controlled or uncontrolled weather parameters is examined. A hypothetical office type building, located at the Goldstone Space Communication Complex, Goldstone, California, is selected as an example for the numerical sensitivity evaluations. Several expressions of variations in local outside air temperature, pressure, solar radiation, and wind velocity are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 58-88
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  • 52
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    Glass as encapsulation for low-cost photovoltaic solar arrays (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: In photovoltaic systems, the encapsulant material that protects the solar cells should be highly transparent and very durable. Glass satisfies these two criteria and is considered a primary candidate for low-cost, photovoltaic encapsulation systems. In this paper, various aspects of glass encapsulation are treated that are important for the designer of photovoltaic systems. Candidate glasses and available information defining the state of the art of glass encapsulation materials and processes for automated, high volume production of terrestrial photovoltaic devices and related applications are presented. The desired characteristics of glass encapsulation are (1) low degradation rates, (2) high transmittance, (3) high reliability, (4) low-cost, and (5) high annual production capacity. The glass design areas treated herein include the types of glass, sources, prices, physical properties and glass modifications, such as antireflection coatings.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 53
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    Parabolic dish systems at work - Applying the concepts (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An overview is given of parabolic dish solar concentrator application experiments being conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy. The 'engineering experiments' comprise the testing of (1) a small-community powerplant system, in conjunction with a grid-connected utility; (2) stand-alone applications at remote sites such as military installations, radar stations and villages; and (3) dish modules that can deliver heat for direct use in industrial processes. Applicability projections are based on a dish and receiver that use a Brayton engine with an engine/generator efficiency of 25% and a production level of up to 25,000 units per year. Analyses indicate that parabolic-dish power systems can potentially replace small, oil-fired power plants in all regions of the U.S. between 1985 and 1991.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Sunworld; 5; May 1981
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    Parabolic dish collectors - A solar option (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A description is given of several parabolic-dish high temperature solar thermal systems currently undergoing performance trials. A single parabolic dish has the potential for generating 20 to 30 kW of electricity with fluid temperatures from 300 to 1650 C. Each dish is a complete power-producing unit, and may function either independently or as part of a group of linked modules. The two dish designs under consideration are of 11 and 12 meter diameters, yielding receiver operating temperatures of 925 and 815 C, respectively. The receiver designs described include (1) an organic working fluid (toluene) Rankine cycle engine; (2) a Brayton open cycle unit incorporating a hybrid combustion chamber and nozzle and a shaft-coupled permanent magnet alternator; and (3) a modified Stirling cycle device originally designed for automotive use. Also considered are thermal buffer energy storage and thermochemical transport and storage.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Sunworld; 5; May 1981
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  • 55
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    Trailing edge noise prediction using Amiet's method (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Amiet's (1976, 1978) solution to the problem of airfoil trailing edge noise prediction is discussed in light of the results of evanescent wave theory's application to the measured surface pressure behavior near the trailing edge of an airfoil with a turbulent boundary layer. The method employed by Amiet has the advantage of incorporating the effect of finite chord in its solution. The assumed form of the pressure distribution is examined as well as the constant turbulent boundary layer convection assumption, which is found to be unnecessarily restrictive.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 77; Aug. 8
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  • 56
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    Steam reforming of n-hexane on pellet and monolithic catalyst beds. A comparative study on improvements due to heat transfer (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Monolithic catalysts with higher available active surface areas and better thermal conductivity than conventional pellets beds, making possible the steam reforming of fuels heavier than naphtha, were examined. Performance comparisons were made between conventional pellet beds and honeycomb monolith catalysts using n-hexane as the fuel. Metal-supported monoliths were examined. These offer higher structural stability and higher thermal conductivity than ceramic supports. Data from two metal monoliths of different nickel catalyst loadings were compared to pellets under the same operating conditions. Improved heat transfer and better conversion efficiencies were obtained with the monolith having higher catalyst loading. Surface-gas interaction was observed throughout the length of the monoliths.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Conversion of Hydrocarbons for Fuel Cell Appl.; p 75-120
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  • 57
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    Recent work in advanced hydrogen production concepts (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The hydrogen photoelectrolytic conversion activity investigated the practicability of semiconductor electrolytic devises that use solar energy to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen in an apparent single step process. The photocatalytic decomposition of inorganic hydrogen compounds; i.e., hydrobromic and hydriodic acids using rhodium organic bridge complexes were also studied. The feasibility of direct high temperature thermal decompositions of water with diffusion processes for separation of the equilibrium mixture of hydrogen and oxygen into usable energy sources was examined.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 232
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  • 58
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    Containment materials: Status and summary (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The hydrogen containment materials are studied. The safe, reliable, and economic containment of hydrogen is essential to the success of virtually any hydrogen energy transport and storage scheme. The potential problems associated with hydrogen containment are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 224-226
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  • 59
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    Dish-mounted latent heat buffer storage (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Dish-mounted latent heat storage subsystems for Rankine, Brayton, and Stirling engines operating at 427 C, 816 C, and 816 C respectively are discussed. Storage requirements definition, conceptual design, media stability and compatibility tests, and thermal performance analyses are considered.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Courtesy Associates, Inc. Proc. of the DOE Thermal and Chem. Storage Ann. Contractor's Rev. Meeting; p 113-117
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  • 60
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    A theoretical study of microwave beam absorption by a rectenna (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The results of a theoretical study of microwave beam absorption by a Rectenna are given. Total absorption of the power beam is shown to be theoretically possible. Several improvements in the Rectenna design are indicated as a result of analytic modeling. The nature of Rectenna scattering and atmospheric effects are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception; p 234-240
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  • 61
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    Analysis of the photo voltage decay /PVD/ method for measuring minority carrier lifetimes in P-N junction solar cells (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The photo voltage decay (PVD) method for the measurement of minority carrier lifetimes in P-N junction solar cells with cell thickness comparable to or even less than the minority carrier diffusion length is examined. The method involves the generation of free carriers in the quasi-neutral bulk material by flashes of light and the monitoring of the subsequent decay of the induced open-circuit voltages as the carriers recombine, which is dependent on minority carrier recombination lifetime. It is shown that the voltage versus time curve for an ordinary solar cell (N(+)-P junction) is proportional to the inverse minority carrier lifetime plus a factor expressing the ratio of diffusion length to cell thickness. In the case of an ideal back-surface-field cell (N(+)-P-P(+) junction) however, the slope is directly proportional to the inverse minority carrier lifetime. It is noted that since most BSF cells are not ideal, possessing a sizable back surface recombination velocity, the PVD measurements must be treated with caution and supplemented with other nonstationary methods.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physics; 52; Sept
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  • 62
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    Forebody drag reduction (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is shown that the mechanisms of forebody drag reduction by means of either a spike or a forward-facing jet are similar, with the maximum achievable drag reduction being of the same order. Because the jet may be a relatively cool gas, however, the forward facing jet has the additional capability of reducing the aerodynamic heating that is so severe at high Mach numbers. By means of the correlation presented, jet ejection parameters may be chosen to achieve maximum permissible forebody drag reduction. The correlation method uses a momentum coefficient that characterizes jet efflux and freestream conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 19; Oct. 198
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  • 63
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    Unsteady Newton-Busemann flow theory. II - Bodies of revolution (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A complete Newtonian flow theory is presented for unsteady flow past oscillating bodies of revolution of general shape at very high Mach numbers, consideration being given to a centrifugal force correction to the impact pressures. Expressions are obtained for the unsteady pressure and the stability derivatives are presented in closed form. It is stressed that the correction for the centrifugal force, which arises because of the curved trajectories that fluid particles follow along the surface subsequent to their impact, must not be neglected. If the correction is included, the theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental results for relatively sharp cones. Theoretical results are in poor agreement with experimental results in air for bodies having moderate or large-nose bluntness.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 19; Oct. 198
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  • 64
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    Autothermal reforming of sulfur-free and sulfur-containing hydrocarbon liquids (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The mechanisms by which various fuel component hydrocarbons related to both heavy petroleum and coal-derived liquids are converted to hydrogen without forming carbon were investigated. Reactive differences between paraffins and aromatics in autothermal reforming (ATR) were shown to be responsible for the observed fuel-specific carbon formation characteristics. The types of carbon formed in the reformer were identified by SEM and XRD analyses of catalyst samples and carbon deposits. From tests with both light and heavy paraffins and aromatics, it is concluded that high boiling point hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatics enhance the propensity for carbon formation. The effects of propylene addition on the ATR performance of benzene are described. In ATR tests with mixtures of paraffins and aromatics, synergistic effects on conversion characteristics were identified. Indications that the sulfur content of the fuel may be the limiting factor for efficient ATR operation were found. The conversion and degradation effects of the sulfur additive (thiophene) were examined.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: conversion of Hydrocarbons for Fuel Cell Appl.; p 1-74
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  • 65
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    Solar energy (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The book opens with a review of the patterns of energy use and resources in the United States, and an exploration of the potential of solar energy to supply some of this energy in the future. This is followed by background material on solar geometry, solar intensities, flat plate collectors, and economics. Detailed attention is then given to a variety of solar units and systems, including domestic hot water systems, space heating systems, solar-assisted heat pumps, intermediate temperature collectors, space heating/cooling systems, concentrating collectors for high temperatures, storage systems, and solar total energy systems. Finally, rights to solar access are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 66
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    New technologies for solar energy silicon - Cost analysis of dichlorosilane process (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A reduction in the cost of silicon for solar cells is an important objective in a project concerned with the reduction of the cost of electricity produced with solar cells. The cost goal for the silicon material is about $14 per kg (1980 dollars). The process which is currently employed to produce semiconductor grade silicon from trichlorosilane is not suited for meeting this cost goal. Other processes for producing silicon are, therefore, being investigated. A description is presented of results obtained for the DCS process which involves the production of dichlorosilane as a silicon source material for solar energy silicon. Major benefits of dichlorosilane as a silicon source material include faster reaction rates for chemical vapor deposition of silicon. The DCS process involves the reaction 2SiHCl3 yields reversibly SiH2Cl2 + SiCl4. The results of a cost analysis indicate a total product cost without profit of $1.29/kg of SiH2Cl2.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Solar Energy; 27; 6, 19; 1981
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  • 67
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    Top-mounted inlet system feasibility for transonic-subsonic fighter aircraft applications (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-02
    Beschreibung: To inlet flow field and engine inlet performance data for an advanced fighter aircraft configuration were obtained over the Mach 0.6 to 2.0 range. The studies not only provided extensive data for the baseline arrangement, but also evaluated the effects of key aircraft configuration variables (inlet location, canopy-dorsal integration, wing leading-edge extension planform area, and variable incidence canards) on top inlet performance. In order to set these data in the context of practical aircraft systems top inlet performance is compared with that of more conventional inlet/airframe integrations. The results of these evaluations show that, for the top inlet configuration tested, relatively good inlet performance and compatibility characteristics are maintained during subsonic and transonic maneuver. However, at supersonic speeds, flow expansion over the forebody and wings causes an increase in local inlet Mach number subsequently reduces inlet performance levels. These characteristics infer that although top inlets many not pose a viable design option for aircraft requiring a high degree of supersonic maneuverability, they have distinct promise for vehicles with subsonic and transonic maneuver capabilities.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Aerodyn. of Power Plant Installation; 17 p
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  • 68
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    Impact of high-alpha aerodynamics on dynamic stability parameters of aircraft and missiles (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-02
    Beschreibung: The aerodynamic phenomena associated with high angles of attack and their effects on the dynamic stability characteristics of airplane and missile configurations are examined. Information on dynamic effects is limited. Steady flow phenomena and their effects on the forces and moments are reviewed. The effects of asymmetric vortices and of vortex bursting on the dynamic response of flight vehicles are reviewed with respect to their influence on: (1) nonlinearity of aerodynamic coefficients with attitude, rates, and accelerations; (2) cross coupling between longitudinal and lateral directional models of motion; (3) time dependence and hysteresis effects; (4) configuration dependencey; and (5) mathematical modeling of the aerodynamics.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Dyn. Stability Parameters; 18 p
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  • 69
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    An assessment of theoretical models for viscous and transonic flow (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-02
    Beschreibung: Topics discussed include shear flow models, simplified models for treating separation, classical linear theory, a local linearization theory, a transonic linear theory, a transonic nonlinear theory, the experiment of Davis, and the experiment of Tijdeman. It is concluded that shear flow models, which have proven very accurate in taking into account boundary layer effects for panel flutter, are likely to be less so for lifting surface flutter. For many applications in transonic flow, transonic linear theory will be adequate.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Boundary Layer Effects on Unsteady Airloads; 28 p
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  • 70
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    Experimental studies of scale effects on oscillating airfoils at transonic speeds (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-02
    Beschreibung: Scale effects are discussed with reference to a conventional airfoil (NACA 64A010) and a supercritical airfoil (NLR 7301) at mean flow conditions that support both weak and strong shock waves. During the experiment the Reynolds number was varied from 3 x 10 to the sixth power at time history data are presented over the range of reduced frequencies that are important in aeroelastic applications. The experimental data show that viscous effects are important in the case of the supercritical airfoil at all flow conditions and in the case of the conventional airfoil under strong shock wave conditions. Some frequency dependent viscous effects were also observed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AGARD Boundary Layer Effects on Unsteady Airfoils; 13 p
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  • 71
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    Metal-halide mixtures for latent heat energy storage (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-25
    Beschreibung: Some candidates for alkali metal and alkali halide mixtures suitable for thermal energy storage at temperatures 600 C are identified. A solar thermal system application which offer advantages such as precipitation of salt crystals away from heat transfer surfaces, increased thermal conductivity of phase change materials, corrosion inhibition, and a constant monotectic temperature, independent of mixture concentrations. By using the lighters, metal rich phase as a heat transfer medium and the denser, salt rich phase as a phase change material for latent heat storage, undesirable solidification on the heat transfer surface may be prevented, is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: ASME Solar Eng., 1981; p 667-674
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    The NASA Lewis large wind turbine program (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-25
    Beschreibung: The large wind turbine program activities are reviewed. These activities include results from the first and second generation field machines (Mod-OA, 1, and 2), the design phase of the third generation wind turbine (Mod-5) and the advanced technology projects. The status of the WTS-4 machine is also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Midwest Res. Inst. Fifth Bien. Wind Energy Conf. and Workshop (WW5); p 39-58
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    Natural laminar flow data from full-scale flight and wind-tunnel experiments (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-01
    Beschreibung: Experimental results obtained at NASA Langley during studies of natural laminar flow (NLF) over commercially produced aircraft surfaces are reported. The general aviation aircraft examined were light aircraft, yet displayed NLF extents close to the maximum available and equivalent to high performance business aircraft flying envelopes. Sublimating chemicals and acoustic detection techniques were employed to measure the boundary layer transition. Theoretical predictions of boundary layer stability were found to match well with the experimental data, with consideration given to both swept wings and the amplitudes of allowable waves on the airfoil surfaces. The presence of the NLF on the airfoil surfaces confirmed the benefits available from use of composite materials for airfoil surfaces.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
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    An interferometer-based phase control system (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A system for focusing and pointing the SPS power beam is discussed. The system is ground based and closed loop. One receiving antenna is required on earth. A conventional uplinked data channel transmits an 8-bit phase error correction back to the SPS for sequential calibration of each power module. Beam pointing resolution is better than 140 meters at the rectenna.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 139-140
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    SPS fiber optic link assessment (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Fiber optic technology was tentatively selected in the SPS baseline design to transmit a stable phase reference throughout microwave array. Over a hundred thousand microwave modules are electronically steered by the phase reference signal to form the power beam at the ground receiving station. The initially selected IF distribution frequency of the phase reference signal was at 980 MHz or a submultiple of it. Fiber optics offers some significant advantages in view of the SPS application. Optical transmission is highly immune to EMI/RFI, which is expected to be severe when considering the low distribution power. In addition, there are savings in both mass, physical size, and potentially in cost.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Satellite Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 154-158
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    A sonic satellite power system microwave power transmission simulation (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A simulator is described which generates and transmits a beam of audible sound energy mathematically similar to the SPS power beam. The simulator provides a laboratory means for analysis of ground based closed loop SPS phase control and of ionospheric effects on the SPS microwave power beam.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Johnson Space Center Solar Power Microwave Transmission and Reception; p 141-143
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    Flutter of Darrieus wind turbine blades: Correlation of theory and experiment (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Flutter analysis of two wind turbines was correlated with experimental data for flutter of Darrieus blades.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 199-200
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    On the wake of a Darrieus turbine (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The theory and experimental measurements on the aerodynamic decay of a wake from high performance vertical axis wind turbine are discussed. In the initial experimental study, the wake downstream of a model Darrieus rotor, 28 cm diameter and a height of 45.5 cm, was measured in a Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel. The wind turbine was run at the design tip speed ratio of 5.5. It was found that the wake decayed at a slower rate with distance downstream of the turbine, than a wake from a screen with similar troposkein shape and drag force characteristics as the Darrieus rotor. The initial wind tunnel results indicated that the vertical axis wind turbines should be spaced at least forty diameters apart to avoid mutual power depreciation greater than ten per cent.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 51-66
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    Aerodynamic potpourri (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Aerodynamic developments for vertical axis and horizontal axis wind turbines are given that relate to the performance and aerodynamic loading of these machines. Included are: (1) a fixed wake aerodynamic model of the Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine; (2) experimental results that suggest the existence of a laminar flow Darrieus vertical axis turbine; (3) a simple aerodynamic model for the turbulent windmill/vortex ring state of horizontal axis rotors; and (4) a yawing moment of a rigid hub horizontal axis wind turbine that is related to blade coning.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 3-7
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  • 80
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    Calculation of guaranteed mean power from wind turbine generators (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A method for calculating the 'guaranteed mean' power output of a wind turbine generator is proposed. The term 'mean power' refers to the average power generated at specified wind speeds during short-term tests. Correlation of anemometers, the method of bins for analyzing non-steady data, the PROP Code for predicting turbine power, and statistical analysis of deviations in test data from theory are discussed. Guaranteed mean power density for the Clayton Mod-OA system was found to be 8 watts per square meter less than theoretical power density at all power levels, with a confidence level of 0.999. This amounts to 4 percent of rated power.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 139-150
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    An overview of fatigue failures at the Rocky Flats Wind System Test Center (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Potential small wind energy conversion (SWECS) design problems were identified to improve product quality and reliability. Mass produced components such as gearboxes, generators, bearings, etc., are generally reliable due to their widespread uniform use in other industries. The likelihood of failure increases, though, in the interfacing of these components and in SWECS components designed for a specific system use. Problems relating to the structural integrity of such components are discussed and analyzed with techniques currently used in quality assurance programs in other manufacturing industries.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 121-128
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    Performance testing of a 50 kW VAWT in a built-up environment (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The results of performance tests of a DAF Indal 50 kW vertical axis wind turbine are presented. Results of limited free stream turbulence and vertical wind shear measurements at the site are also presented. The close agreement between measured and predicted energy outputs, required to verify the wind turbine power output performance relationship, was not attained. A discussion is presented of factors that may have contributed to the lack of better agreement.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 129-138
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  • 83
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    Applications of the DOE/NASA wind turbine engineering information system (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A statistical analysis of data obtained from the Technology and Engineering Information Systems was made. The systems analyzed consist of the following elements: (1) sensors which measure critical parameters (e.g., wind speed and direction, output power, blade loads and component vibrations); (2) remote multiplexing units (RMUs) on each wind turbine which frequency-modulate, multiplex and transmit sensor outputs; (3) on-site instrumentation to record, process and display the sensor output; and (4) statistical analysis of data. Two examples of the capabilities of these systems are presented. The first illustrates the standardized format for application of statistical analysis to each directly measured parameter. The second shows the use of a model to estimate the variability of the rotor thrust loading, which is a derived parameter.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 113-120
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 84
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    General Electric point focus solar concentrator status (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The concentrator design approach evolved by a systemmatic process of examining the operating requirements particular to the solar application, minimizing material content through detail structural design and structurally efficient subsystem features, and utilizing materials and processes compatible with high volume production techniques. The design approach, the present concentrator configuration and the status of the hardware development are described.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 143-147
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 85
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    Cost goals (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Cost goal activities for the point focusing parabolic dish program are reported. Cost goals involve three tasks: (1) determination of the value of the dish systems to potential users; (2) the cost targets of the dish system are set out; (3) the value side and cost side are integrated to provide information concerning the potential size of the market for parabolic dishes. The latter two activities are emphasized.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 247-250
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 86
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    Industrial application experiment series (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Two procurements within the Industrial Application Experiment Series of the Thermal Power Systems Project are discussed. The first procurement, initiated in April 1980, resulted in an award to the Applied Concepts Corporation for the Capital Concrete Experiment: two Fresnel concentrating collectors will be evaluated in single-unit installations at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Parabolic Dish Test Site and at Capitol Concrete Products, Topeka, Kansas. The second procurement, initiated in March 1981, is titled, "Thermal System Engineering Experiment B." The objective of the procurement is the rapid deployment of developed parabolic dish collectors.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 215-216
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 87
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    Fresnel concentrating collector (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: An advanced point focusing solar technology demonstrated potential for near term commercialization as a renewable energy technology. The design features combine to produce a highly efficient, low cost, safe, adaptable, durable system which is simple to manufacture, install and maintain.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 171-178
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 88
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    Viking lander five year summary (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The battery assemblies in the Viking lander are discussed. Discharge and recharge schemes are described. Performance charts for the batteries are included.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 361-370
    Format: text
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  • 89
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    Predelivery cell and battery summary for SMM 20A h batteries (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Nickel cadmium batteries were performance tested and found to be compatible with the demands and goals of the Solar Maximum Mission flights.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 343-347
    Format: text
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  • 90
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    Anatomy of a short (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The plate stocks of nickel cadmium batteries were disassembled to locate shorts. Through testing, the cause of the shorts was discovered to be a growth of cadmium coming through the separator.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 229-240
    Format: text
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  • 91
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    Expansion of the nickel electrode (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: To observe a reasonable amount of expansion, months or years in acutal batteries are required. Therefore, the technique of electrode bending was developed. Active material is taken off a sample electrode on one side, and left only on the other side with a cadmium counter electrode. With this configuration, if the active material expands, the electrode will bend convex - concave towards this direction. This very small bending may be easily detected with light deflection. A laser beam was used to project it on the screen through a mirror attached on the electrode, thus making a very sensitive measurement of a very small expansion.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 175 - 181
    Format: text
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  • 92
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    Nickel hydrogen cell tests (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Some parametric tests followed by cycling tests are described for the characterization of the service life of nickel hydrogen cells. Three cells were automatically cycled in simulated low Earth orbit in 35 minute discharge, 55 minute charge, with charging voltage limited, temperature compensated. The cells were mounted in a fixture that conducts heat to an aluminum baseplate. The baseplate in turn, is bounded in a temperature controlled bath to remove the heat from the mounted fixture. One cell was tested with a zircar separator, which failed after 2473 cyles. Two other cells were tested one with a zircar separator; the other with asbestos. More than 400 cycles were achieved.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 409-418
    Format: text
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  • 93
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    Nickel hydrogen cells, an historic overview (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The development of the nickel hydrogen battery system was primarily for replacement of the nickel cadmium battery and for space power systems. A chronological review of the major events and milestones leading up to the current system status is summarized.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 391-397
    Format: text
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  • 94
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    Nickel hydrogen life cycle test results (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The charge efficiency of nickel hydrogen batteries is discussed. The general characteristics of the battery life cycle are described with respect to the dissipation of heat from the battery.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 339-407
    Format: text
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  • 95
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    Comparison of different plate treatments and designs, an update (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Nine packs of cells of different designs were put on test at Crane. They were run through their initial evaluation tests and then put into a cycling test. These were GE 12A h cells. The temperature was 20 C, the orbit was 90 minutes, the depth of discharge was 40%, the discharge rate was 9.6A and the initial charge rate was 9.6A to a voltage limit where it went into a taper. The goal was to get 100% return. The voltage limit was 1.453V through most of the testing, although recently it became necessary to lower some packs and raise some to hold 115% return. After one year, one cell from each pack was removed and the initial evaluation tests were repeated.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 371-378
    Format: text
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  • 96
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    Multimission modular spacecraft parallel battery tests (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Acceptance test data included: voltage profiles; pressure increase or decrease; and response of the third electrode cell. A softening of the voltage profile was revealed, as well as a lowering of the discharge profile and a 10 percent loss of capacity over a 0 to 20 C temperature range.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 335-341
    Format: text
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  • 97
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    Nickel cadmium cell optimization program (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Battery selection was based on tests to evaluate: weight, capacity; overcharge capability at varying temperatures; and charge retention.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 329-333
    Format: text
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  • 98
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    Battery failure model derived from flaw theory (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A previously derived failure model for battery lifetime is discussed in terms of growth rate of the flaw, distribution of flaw sizes, and number of flaws. Equations are presented for determining the failure model for a nickel cadmium battery.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 257-264
    Format: text
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  • 99
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    PBI treated polypropylene battery separator (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A generalized procedure for fabricating the separator is described. Some of the desired properties considered in fabricating the separator material for nickel-cadmium cells were good mechanical strength, good chemical stability, good wettability to the electrolyte, high electrolyte retention, and gas passage.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 217-223
    Format: text
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  • 100
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    The CMG Nickel Electrode (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The development and design of the Controlled Microgeometry electrode are described. Advantages of the electrode over others in existance include a higher number of ampere hours per kilogram and the ability to make them over a wide range of thicknesses. The parameters that control the performance of the electrode can be individually controlled over a wide range. Therefore, the electrode may be designed to give the optimum performance for a given duty cycle.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 183-195
    Format: application/pdf
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