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  • 1
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    Kinetic Study of Methyl Acetate Oxidation in a Pt/Al2O3 Fixed-Bed Reactor (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: To support technology development for future long-term missions, a metabolic simulator will be used in a closed chamber to test the functions of a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS). Methyl acetate (MA) was selected as the fuel because its metabolic respiratory quotient is near that of humans. A kinetic study of the catalytic oxidation of MA over Pt/Al203 was then conducted to support the design and operation of the simulator. Kinetic data were obtained as a conversion percentage of MA versus retention time. The reaction was studied at one atmosphere and temperatures from 220 to 340 deg. C. The inlet MA concentration was varied from 100 to 2000 ppm with retention times from 0.01 to 10 sec. A first-order rate law and a Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation were tested by nonlinear regression of the kinetic data to estimate rate constants in the rate law. Regression results of the L-H equation explain the kinetic data better than the results of the first-order rate law. A Taguchi experimental design was used to study the effects of temperature, retention time, and concentrations of MA, CO2, and O2 on the conversion of MA. Results indicate that temperature has greatest effect, followed by retention time, and finally MA concentration. It was further determined that the effects of CO2 and O2 concentrations, and the cross effects, are negligible.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Dual-Use Space Technology Transfer Conference and Exhibition; Volume 1; 226-235; NASA-CP-3263-Vol-1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    New technologies for solar energy silicon - Cost analysis of BCL process (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: New technologies for producing polysilicon are being developed to provide lower cost material for solar cells which convert sunlight into electricity. This article presents results for the BCL Process, which produces the solar-cell silicon by reduction of silicon tetrachloride with zinc vapor. Cost, sensitivity, and profitability analysis results are presented based on a preliminary process design of a plant to produce 1000 metric tons/year of silicon by the BCL Process. Profitability analysis indicates a sales price of $12.1-19.4 per kg of silicon (1980 dollars) at a 0-25 per cent DCF rate of return on investment after taxes. These results indicate good potential for meeting the goal of providing lower cost material for silicon solar cells.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Energy; 24; 4, 19; 1980
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    New technologies for solar energy silicon - Cost analysis of dichlorosilane process (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A reduction in the cost of silicon for solar cells is an important objective in a project concerned with the reduction of the cost of electricity produced with solar cells. The cost goal for the silicon material is about $14 per kg (1980 dollars). The process which is currently employed to produce semiconductor grade silicon from trichlorosilane is not suited for meeting this cost goal. Other processes for producing silicon are, therefore, being investigated. A description is presented of results obtained for the DCS process which involves the production of dichlorosilane as a silicon source material for solar energy silicon. Major benefits of dichlorosilane as a silicon source material include faster reaction rates for chemical vapor deposition of silicon. The DCS process involves the reaction 2SiHCl3 yields reversibly SiH2Cl2 + SiCl4. The results of a cost analysis indicate a total product cost without profit of $1.29/kg of SiH2Cl2.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Energy; 27; 6, 19; 1981
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Economics of polysilicon processes (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Techniques are being developed to provide lower cost polysilicon material for solar cells. Existing technology which normally provides semiconductor industry polysilicon material is undergoing changes and also being used to provide polysilicon material for solar cells. Economics of new and existing technologies are presented for producing polysilicon. The economics are primarily based on the preliminary process design of a plant producing 1,000 metric tons/year of silicon. The polysilicon processes include: Siemen's process (hydrogen reduction of trichlorosilane); Union Carbide process (silane decomposition); and Hemlock Semiconductor process (hydrogen reduction of dichlorosilane). The economics include cost estimates of capital investment and product cost to produce polysilicon via the technology. Sensitivity analysis results are also presented to disclose the effect of major paramentes such as utilities, labor, raw materials and capital investment.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Proceedings of the Flat-Plate Solar Array Project Workshop on Low-Cost Polysilicon for Terrestrial Photovoltaic Solar-Cell Applications; p 79-121
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Process feasibility study in support of silicon material, task 1 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    Type: NASA-CR-154973 , QTPR-8 , ERDA/JPL-954343-77/3
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Process feasibility study in support of silicon material, task 1 (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: NASA-CR-149062 , ERDA/JPL-954343-76/1 , QTPR-4
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  • 7
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    Process feasibility study in support of silicon material task 1 (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Initial results for gas thermal conductivity of silicon tetrafluoride and trichlorosilane are reported in respective temperature ranges of 25 to 400 C and 50 to 400 C. For chemical engineering analyses, the preliminary process design for the original silane process of Union Carbide was completed for Cases A and B, Regular and Minimum Process Storage. Included are raw material usage, utility requirements, major process equipment lists, and production labor requirements. Because of the large differences in surge tankage between major unit operations the fixed capital investment varied from $19,094,000 to $11,138,000 for Cases A and B, respectively. For the silane process the original flowsheet was revised for a more optimum arrangement of major equipment, raw materials and operating conditions. The initial issue of the revised flowsheet (Case C) for the silane process indicated favorable cost benefits over the original scheme.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-157030 , ERDA/JPL-954343-78/1 , QTPR-1
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  • 8
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    Process feasibility study in support of silicon material task 1 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-154231 , ERDA/JPL-954343-77/1 , QTPR-6
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  • 9
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    Process feasibility study in support of silicon material task 1 (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Results for process system properties, chemical engineering and economic analyses of the new technologies and processes being developed for the production of lower cost silicon for solar cells are presented. Analyses of process system properties are important for chemical materials involved in the several processes under consideration for semiconductor and solar cell grade silicon production. Major physical, thermodynamic and transport property data are reported for silicon source and processing chemical materials.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164009
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Electricity from sunlight (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper discusses a number of new unconventional processes proposed for the low-cost production of silicon for solar cells. Consideration is given to: (1) the Battelle process (Zn/SiCl4), (2) the Battelle process (SiI4), (3) the Silane process, (4) the Motorola process (SiF4/SiF2), (5) the Westinghouse process (Na/SiCl4), (6) the Dow Corning process (C/SiO2), (7) the AeroChem process (SiCl4/H atom), and the Stanford process (Na/SiF4). Preliminary results indicate that the conventional process and the SiI4 processes cannot meet the project goal of $10/kg by 1986. Preliminary cost evaluation results for the Zn/SiCl4 process are favorable.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: Energy and the environment; Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference; Nov 01, 1977 - Nov 03, 1977; Cincinnati, OH
    Format: text
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