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  • Articles  (35)
  • Copper  (35)
  • 1980-1984  (35)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (35)
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  • Articles  (35)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc contents in leaves of flowering sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus, L.), grown with different boron supplies (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 461-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Boron ; Copper ; Iron ; Manganese ; Zinc ; Microelements ; Sunflower
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc concentrations were measured in sunflower leaves from plants grown hydroponically in a closed continuous flow system and with boron concentrations ranging from deficient to toxic. Leaves were analyzed at the stage of flower development. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between B concentration in solution and Mn concentration in leaves. Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations in the leaves were not changed by the different B levels, although the B concentration in leaves increased with an increasing concentration in solution, showing a close correlation each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374142
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Migration of heavy metals in two Japanese soils (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 299-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bio-toxic ; Cadmium ; Contamination ; Copper ; Copper ; Health hazard ; Heavy metals ; Lead ; Localisation ; Migration ; Nickel ; Pollution ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The migration of common bio-toxic heavy metals in two typical soils of Japan under the influence of various leaching solutions was investigated. The results of the present study have indicated that the Pb and Cu ions were less mobile than those on Zn and Cd. Thus, the former two ions have largely been concentrated in the surface horizon while the latter two have been localised in the sub-surface layers. Ni has exhibited greater mobility than other heavy metals under all the leaching stress in both the soils. It is clear from the present study that Ni, Cd and Zn might pose a greater threat of ground water pollution than Cu and Pb. The specific migration properties of each metal ion varied depending on the nature of the ion and leaching solutions. The major soil factors governing the mobility of heavy metals in the soils have been discussed in the light of the results of the present investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183797
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient inflows into apple roots (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Apple ; Calcium ; Copper ; Iron ; Irradiance ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient uptake rate ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Scion effects ; Season ; Source of nitrogen ; Temperature ; Tissue nutrient level ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The rates of uptake of nutrients from solution by apple roots were measured (a) in a root laboratory, using intact roots of mature trees growing under field conditions and (b) in controlled environment using young trees. Maximum nitrate inflows into Discovery/M.9 roots under field conditions were only slightly lower than those into roots of the same genotype in controlled environment, but up to 80 times lower than those into roots of Worcester Pearmain seedlings. At any given external P concentration, P inflows into roots of field-grown trees were about 2.5-times lower than those into the roots of young trees in controlled environment. Nitrate inflows were constant above a solution concentration of 20 mmol m−3 in both field-grown and small trees. In both cases, phosphate inflows increased linearly with solution concentration up to 10 mmol m−3. Among the various plant and environmental factors influencing nutrient uptake characteristics of apple roots were: the scion genotype, tissue nutrient levels, root origin, the form in which N is supplied, level of irradiance of the shoot, root temperature and the season of the year. The effects of these factors are illustrated with examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182678
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of heavy metals by crops in relation to their concentration in the soil solution (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 393-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Copper ; Heavy metals ; Lead ; Pollution ; Soil solution ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Of 20 Dutch soils, concentrations in the soil solution and total contents of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu were determined. In addition, distribution constants were measured for Cd and Pb. Soil solution concentrations of the heavy metals as well as their total contents in the soil and exchangeable fraction, calculated with the distribution coefficients, were compared with uptake in vegetables grown in pots. Log-log plots of concentrations in the plant and the soil solution concentrations showed the best correlation for Cu, Cd and Zn. Increasing Zn appeared to increase Cd uptake at high solution concentrations of Cd and to decrease uptake at low solution concentrations. For Pb generally no significant relationship between plant uptake and soil solution concentration or any other soil parameter for Pb could be found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02369973
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy-metal accumulation in crops grown on sewage sludge amended with metal salts (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Chromium ; Copper ; Crops ; Heavy-metal tolerance/interaction ; Lead ; Nickel ; Sewage sludge ; Toxicity ; Trees ; Vegetables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Poplar (Populus euramericana ‘Robusta’), oats (Avena sativa L. ‘Leander’), maize (Zea mays L. ‘Ona 36’), English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), butter head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Reskia’), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. ‘Subito’) and French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Prelude’), were grown in pots with pure sewage sludge (pH 6.7), amended with Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn acetates, either added singly or in combination, to study metal effects on plant growth and metal uptake. Phytotoxic metal doses varied with metal and plant species, increasing in the order Cd〈Ni〈Cu〈Zn〈Cr and Pb. The threshold dose of toxic metals applied in combination was generally lower than that of metals given singly. Addition of Cd, Ni and Zn was clearly reflected in the respective plant concentrations. This was much less so for Cu, whereas Cr and Pb concentrations were not affected in most plant species. Critical plant (leaf) metal concentrations were lower for metals applied in combination than for single metals. Because of such phenomena the use of critical levels as a diagnostic tool for determining potential multiple metal toxicity is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205020
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Cu and Mo on Cu/Mo ratio and their concentration in different organs of cowpeas (Vigna sinensis L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cowpeas ; Copper ; Cu/Mo ratio ; Molybdenum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a Typic Torripsamments (loamy sand) soil, 4 levels each of Cu and Mo,viz, 0, 5, 10 and 20; and 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ppm, respectively, were added to study Cu−Mo relationship in cowpeas in a screen-house. Application of Mo reduced Cu content andvice versa in leaves, stems and roots of cowpeas. Stems accumulated more of Mo and Cu than leaves and roots, showing thereby, that it might be the site of interaction for Mo and Cu. Molybdenum increased to a toxic level in plant (for animals) following its application. Cu/Mo ratio was narrowed with Mo and widened with Cu addition. It was either more than 2∶1 or less which suggested that Mo would cause Cu deficiency and Cu in the absence of Mo would be toxic to ruminants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205852
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the status of micronutrients in soil with long term applications of chemical fertilizers, lime and manure (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 64 (1982), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Fertilizers ; Intensive cropping ; Iron ; Lime ; Manure ; Manganese ; Micronutrient ; Weedicide ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An assessment of the status of available micronutrients has been made in a long term field experiment on a fixed rotation of soybean-potato-wheat at the Ranchi Agricultural College, Kanke on acid soil. Results of eight years fertilizer applications with lime has resulted in reduction of available micronutrients whereas the FYM application with balanced dose of chemical fertilizers increased the available micronutrients of soil. The maximum loss of 1.0 Zn and 13.2 Fe kg/ha respectively were from the lime treated plots with balanced dose of fertilizers and the highest gain of 0.26 Zn, 1.08 Cu, 13.2 Fe and 54.0 Mn kg/ha respectively were recorded from the FYM treated plots with balanced dose of chemical fertilizers. Organic carbon was significantly positive correlated with av. Zn & Mn, whereas av. Mn significantly negative correlated with pH. Other relationship were found to be non significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372526
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of phosphorus and molybdenum and the availability of zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum and phosphorus in waterlogged rice soil (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 271-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Manganese ; Molybdenum ; Phosphorus ; Rice ; Waterlogging ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with low-land rice soil to study the effect of applying three different levels of molybdenum (0, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm) and phosphorus (0, 100 and 200 ppm), in all possible combinations, on the changes in available Mo, P, Mn, Zn and Cu in soil. The results showed that application of Mo at both the levels increased the content of extractable Mo and P but decreased those of Cu and Mo in soil whereas application of Mo at higher level only increased the content of extractable Zn in soil. Application of P at both the levels decreased the content of extractable Mo, Mn and Cu but increased that of P whereas it showed an inconsistent effect on the extractable Zn content in soil. The P × Mo interaction effect was found to be beneficial for the content of P, Mo and Zn only. During the initial period of incubation all elements except Cu recorded an increase but with the progress of incubation period the content of all the elements except Mn gradually declined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373713
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil moisture influence on micronutrient cation availability under aerobic conditions (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 72 (1983), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Gezira soils ; Iron ; Micronutrient availability ; Microbial activity ; Manganese ; Oxidation ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The three major soil series comprising the Gezira scheme (Sudan) are Hosh, Suleimi, and Laota. Surface soil samples from each soil series were employed to study the effect of soil moisture on the DTPA-extractable micronutrient cation under aerobic conditions. The study continued for 8 weeks using an incubation technique at two levels of soil moisture (continuously moist and moist/dry cycles). The DTPA-extractable Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn from air-dry soil samples were much higher compared to values from their incubated counterparts. For the three soils the CO2 production (microbial activity) reached the maximum in 5 weeks and then levelled off while the lowest values of micronutrient cation from the incubated soils were obtained between 2 to 8 weeks. Generally, the study suggests that the hot dry months preceding crop growth should increase clay surface acidity and hence availability of mironutrient cations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185096
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant genotype differences in the uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of mineral elements required for plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 72 (1983), S. 175-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Boron ; Calcium ; Copper ; Genotypic differences ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mineral nutrition ; Molybdenum ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Plant adaptation ; Plant breeding ; Potassium ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plant genotypes differ in their uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of mineral elements. Examples of genotype differences to iron, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, and molybdenum are discussed. Current knowledge is sufficient to indicate that many crop plants can be improved for the efficient use of mineral elements and better adaptation to mineral stress conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181957
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen sources on copper uptake and amino acid status of cereals (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Ammonium ; Copper ; Barley ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of different nitrogen sources (NH4, NO3, and NH4 NO3) on the uptake of copper by wheat and barley growing in solution culture were compared in three experiments. Both the copper concentration and weight gain of shoots and roots were found to decrease in the order NO3〉NH4 NO3〉NH4 irrespective of the solution copper concentration. Ammonium nitrogen was also found to decrease the copper concentration of wheat grown on a copper deficient soil compared with a nitrate source of nitrogen. Increasing concentrations of ammonium ions in solution culture caused ammonium toxicity and reduced both plant copper concentrations and vegetative yield. Biochemical investigations using paper chromatography revealed that the amino acid asparagine was the major detoxification product of ammonia in wheat. Copper deficient plants were found to have elevated levels of amino acids compared with controls, irrespective of the nitrogen source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374091
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of sulphur on the yield and concentration of copper, manganese, iron and molybdenum in berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) grown on two different soils (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Berseem yield ; Copper ; Iron ; Manganese ; Molybdenum ; Concentrations ; Sulphur effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A screen-house experiment with 0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm S was conducted to study the effect of S on the yield and, Mn, Cu, Fe and Mo concentrations of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) at three stages of growth in a normal and reclaimed soil. Higher levels of S decreased the yield in both the soils. Yield in normal soil was much higher than in reclaimed soil. Application of S increased Cu, Mn, and Fe concentrations in all cuts in both soils. Molybdenum concentration was lowered following S application in both the soils in all the cuts. Molybdenum content increased with the stage of plant growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205851
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption and desorption of trace elements bySpartina alterniflora detritus (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Estuaries ; Heavy metals ; Iron ; Manganese ; Plant densities ; Salt marshes ; Sorption ; Spartina alterniflora ; Trace elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Element and extractant-specific desorption of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn fromSpartina alterniflora detritus was observed. Desorption of a substantial fraction of the total detrital Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn occured rapidly when the detritus was treated with 0.1N HCl or 1 MgCl2. This treatment removed precipitated/coprecipitated and adsorbed trace elements, respectively, suggesting that a large fraction of detritus-bound trace elements are in readily exchangeable, surface reaction sites. The carboxylic acid functional group cation exchange capacity of the detritus also suggests an important role of surface exchange reactions in the dynamics of trace elements during decomposition. The rate and magnitude of changes in the trace element content of detritus has important implications for estuarine biogeochemical cycling of these elements including the potential for biological uptake of trace elements by detritus-consuming fauna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02203404
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of copper and nitrogen on the amino acid composition of oat straw (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Ammonium ; Avena sativa ; Copper ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Oats ; Protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of fertilization with nitrogen and copper on the amino acid composition of oat straw has been studied. The plants (Avena sativa cv Yielder) were grown in peat with a very low copper content and supplied with two levels of nitrogen (NH4 or NO3) and three levels of copper sulphate. The higher level of nitrogen stimulated growth only when copper was added, whereas, without copper, it had an adverse effect on growth and prevented grain formation altogether. The higher level of nitrogen increased the nitrogen content of the straw at all levels of copper, but particularly in plants receiving no copper. Total amino acids in the straw hydrolysate of copper sufficient oats accounted for about 50% of the total N and was about 20% higher in copper-deficient tissues. The addition of copper caused a decrease in the amounts of all amino acids. The relative proportions of most of the amino acids to glycine remained fairly constant. Threonine, serine, alanine, iso-leucine, histidine and arginine showed small significant differences with copper treatment, whereas valine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, lysine and cysteic acid (derived from cysteine and cystine) showed no differences. The proportion of aspartic acid relative to glycine in the straw hydrolysate was greatly increased in copper deficient plants supplied with the higher level of nitrogen, particularly as ammonium. The proportion of glutamic acid was also increased by the higher level of nitrogen, but showed no effect of added copper. Most of the difference in aspartic acid could be accounted for as free asparagine. The possible reasons for higher proportions of asparagine are discussed in relation to the metabolism of the oat plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183973
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of soil waterlogging on subsequent plant growth and trace metal content (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cobalt ; Copper ; Iron ; Manganese ; Plant uptake ; Trace metals ; Waterlogging ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of trace metals by two plant species (French bean and maize) has been measured on two soils subjected to various waterlogging regimes. Uptake of both manganese and iron was increased due to soil waterlogging, although reoxidation of the soil affected iron more than manganese. Zinc and copper uptake was influenced by a species factor; French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) showed preferential uptake of zinc, whereas maize (Zea mays) took up copper preferentially. Uptake of cobalt by both species was increased due to waterlogging, following the pattern of manganese. The abilities of these species to take up trace metals from soil followed the pattern predicted by selective extraction of soil for manganese, iron and cobalt, but not for zinc and copper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183810
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical activity and biological effect of sludge-borne heavy metals and inorganic metal salts added to soils (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Chemical activity ; Copper ; Inorganic salt ; Nickel ; Plant uptake ; Sludgeborne ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the chemical activity and the uptake by Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. S24) of Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni added to a sandy and a heavy clay soil in two different forms: as inorganic salts and sludge-borne. The chemical activity of heavy metals as evaluated with different extractants was higher for the inorganic salt treatment and for the sandy soil, indicating that the chemical form of the metal and soil characteristics largely affect their extractability. The different chemical activity was also reflected in plant uptake. For all metals the degree of plant accumulation decreased in the following order: sandy soil-salt ≫ sandy soil-sludge〉 clay soil-salt〉clay soil-sludge. These findings indicate that caution must be used when using results of inorganic salt treatments and different soil types to evaluate plant uptake of heavy metals from sludge amended soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182147
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships of bio-climatic zones and lithology with various characteristics of forest soils in Greece (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 101-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Base saturation ; Bio-climatic zones ; Calcium ; Clay accumulation ; Copper ; C:N ratio ; EDTA ; Forest soils ; Greece ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Phosphate ; Potassium ; Soil classification ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soils derived from a number of different parent materials (lithologies) and developed along a climatic gradient, manifested by the altitudinal succession of natural vegetation zones (Mediterranean, sub-Mediterranean, Mountainous and Pseudoalpine), were sampled throughout mainland Greece. In soils derived from siliceous parent materials low in clay, acidity increase and percent base saturation decreases from the Mediterranean to the Pseudoalpine vegetation zones. Clay illuviation is found mainly in soils developed in the Mediterranean and the sub-Mediterranean zones. No such changes are apparent in clayey soils rich in bases. Organic matter content of the mineral portion of the soil profile increases by a factor of 2 with a decrease in mean annual air temperature of about 10°C. The pattern of change in clay and soil organic matter content with climate is in relatively good agreement with soil development trends in the area, when soil profiles are named according to the FAO-Unesco soil map of the world. Concentrations of Ca and Mg decrease and those of total N, total and extractable P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn increase from the Mediterranean to the Mountainous zone. Within the same zone, however, concentrations of N, Ca, K, Fe, Mn and Zn decrease, but those of Mg, total and extractable P increase with soil depth. The concentrations of most macro- and micronutrients in the humic horizon are several times higher than those in the mineral portion of the soil profile due to biological enrichment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182148
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of some soil and plant factors on the concentration of copper in perennial ryegrass (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 275-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Absorption ; Availability ; Copper ; Extractable-Cu ; Lolium perenne ; Nitrogen ; Roots ; Soils ; Transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The absorption and transport of Cu were studied in perennial ryegrass grwon on 21 soils under controlled environment conditions. Neither the concentration, nor the total amount, of Cu in the shoots was related to available Cu in the soils as assessed by extraction with 0.05M EDTA, 0.005M DTPA, or 1.95 per cent HNO3. The concentration in the roots and, more especially, absorption per unit weight of root (i.e. μg Cu g dry wt−1) were, however, highly correlated with available soil Cu. This suggests that, unless the extent of exploitation of the soil by roots is taken into account, measurements of available Cu will not be effective in predicting uptake by plants. On average, 63 per cent of the Cu absorbed by the roots was retained in the roots, and variation in the proportion retained was related to the transport of nitrogen from roots to shoots. On some soils the concentrations of N and Cu in the shoots were significantly correlated, and variation in N concentration accounted for a considerable proportion of the variance in the Cu concentration at later harvests. The relative importance of the measured soil (pH, organic matter) and plant (dry weight, N content) factors changed markedly over 6 successive harvests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374111
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ immobilization of heavy metals with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren) in natural soils and its effect on toxicity and plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Cation exchange ; Copper ; Heavy metals ; Illite clay ; Nickel ; Organic matter ; Tetraethylenepentamine ; Tetren ; Transition metal complexes ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The ion exchange behavior of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd) in soils is shown to be strongly influenced by complex formation with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren). In a heavy clay (illite) soil, the metal (complex) concentration in the equilibrium solution is lowered by some two orders of magnitude, as compared to the aqueous metal ions. In a sandy loam, in which the exchange properties are nearly exclusively due to organic matter, the addition of tetren leads to a significant increase of the metal (complex) in solution. These effects are interpreted in terms of the high adsorption selectivity of the metal complexes for clay particles (illite clay) and the competition of tetren with the chelating groups of the humic fraction (sandy loam). In this case the resulting tetren complexes remain in solution and can be immobilized by addition of small amounts of clay to such a soil.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374748
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  • 20
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    The effect of soil type and degree of metal contamination upon uptake of Cd, Pb and Cu in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Copper ; Lead ; Specific surface area ; Plant uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five soils of increasing specific surface area (SSA) were loaded to five levels of contamination with Cd, Pb and Cu, and bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown on the soils for 30 days. A linear correlation was found between the concentration of Cd in the soil solutions and the amount absorbed by the plant per gram root material for four out of the five soils, and, in the case of Cu, for all five soils. Quantitatively, there was insufficient Cd or Cu in the soil solution to account for plant uptake of these metals. The amount of Cd absorbed by plants could also be related to the adsorption density (concentration/SSA soil) of the metal in four of the five soils, whereas the Cu content of plants could be related to the adsorption density of all five soils. It is thought that the metals were removed from the soil solution by root absorption and replenished by metal cations adsorbed onto surface sites in the soil. Consideration of the adsorption density of these metals in the soil may be a useful means to determine the permissible limits for heavy metal application for a wide range of soils. Lead uptake was significantly correlated to total Pb in soils, but not to the adsorption density or soil solution concentrations. The possible interpretation of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206889
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    Factors affecting the distribution of cadmium, copper and lead and their effect upon yield and zinc content in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Lead ; Copper ; Zinc ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Concentrations of Cd, Pb and Cu in the roots, stems and leaves of bulgarian bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were determined for plants grown in various soils of increasing levels of contamination of these metals. Most of each heavy metal absorbed by plants was retained in roots. Concentrations of Cd, Pb and Cu in roots increased in response to soil concentrations, whereas, in stems, only Cd and Pb concentrations increased and Cu concentration was relatively constant. It is thought that Cu transport to the stele was metabolically controlled, whereas Cd and Pb reached the stem by leakage across non suberised areas of the endodermis. Uptake of heavy metals was associated with a decrease in zinc content in plants and a decrease in yield. By regression analysis decrease in both zinc content and plant yield could be best related to Cd content in stems. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206890
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    Effects of aluminium and micro-nutrients on the sorption of phosphorus byTrifolium repens L. cv. ‘Grasslands Huia’ from nutrient solutions during plant induced pH changes (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 389-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Absorption ; Aluminium ; Boron ; Copper ; Factorial design ; Iron ; Manganese ; Nutrient solutions ; pH ; Phosphorus uptake ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The sorption of phosphorus from nutrient solution and the pH change in the nutrient solution were monitored over a 24 hour period forTrifolium repens L. cv. ‘Grasslands Huia’ plants. Two different concentration levels of micro-nutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and Al formed the factors of a fractional replicate of a 26 factorial design. Measurements were made at four time intervals (30 minutes after the plants were placed on the pots, 3 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours later). In addition to phosphorus, fourteen other nutrients (including nitrate and ammonium) were monitored throughout the experiment. The sorption of phosphorus was significantly influenced by both aluminium and iron. The effect of aluminium and iron on phosphorus sorption is attributed to physico-chemical sorption processes involving the root surface. However the effect on the removal of phosphorus by boron, copper, manganese and zinc was observed only as first order interaction effects —B−Zn, Cu−Zn, Mn−Zn. Thus these three elements (B, Cu and Mn) only affect phosphorus removal in conjunction with zinc. Aluminium and iron together had a separate but very significant effect on the removal of phosphorus at most periods throughout the experiment. In contrast, pH was affected only by aluminium, iron (the pH drop was enhanced) and manganese (the pH drop was decreased) as main effects independent of the other treatment elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02323053
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    Distribution of fungicide-derived copper in soils, litter and vegetation of different aged stands of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Kenya (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Coffea arabica L. ; Coffee ; Copper ; East Africa ; Fungicide ; Pollution ; Soils ; Woody plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Samples of soils, litter and vegetation, collected from 24, 14 and 4 years old stands of coffee (Coffea arabica L.), which had been routinely treated with copper fungicides, were analysed for copper content. Total soil copper content was found to be a function of (a) stand age and (b) soil depth. Highest levels were encountered in the 0–20 cm zone of the 24 year old stand; soil collected beneath these bushes showed significant contamination to a depth of 80 cm. Soils from the younger stands showed proportionally less copper contamination. Copper levels in litter samples showed increases relative to stand age; litter from the oldest stand was heavily contaminated and leaf litter showed a higher copper content than that of the woody fraction. Tissues from coffee bushes could be divided into 2 groups on the basis of their copper content; those tissues which demonstrated a progressive age-dependent increase (bark, lateral stems and fine roots) and those tissues where copper levels did not reflect the cumulative exposure of the plant to this element (wood, different age classes of foliage).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182929
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    pH optima for crop growth (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 339-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Cassava ; Chemical composition ; Control of solution pH ; Copper ; Flowing solution culture ; French bean ; Ginger ; Hydrogen ion injury ; Magnesium ; Maize ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Optimum pH range ; pH ; Plant growth ; Root weight ratio ; Tomato ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ginger, cassava, maize, wheat, french bean and tomato were grown for periods up to six weeks in continuously flowing nutrient solutions at seven constant pH values ranging from 3.3 to 8.5. All species achieved maximum or near-maximum growth in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. However, there were substantial differences in the ability of species to grow outside this range. Ginger and cassava were the most tolerant species to low solution pH, while ginger and tomato were the only species to show no yield depression at the highest solution pH. Roots of all species at pH 3.3 and some species at pH 4.0 exhibited symptoms of hydrogen ion injury. In addition, the concentrations of magnesium in the tops of all six species, of nitrogen in the tops of tomato and cassava, and of manganese in the tops of maize at these pH values were inadequate for optimal growth. Growth depression at high solution pH was associated with iron deficiency in maize and wheat and with nitrogen and/or copper deficiency in cassava. The relevance of the present results to crop growth under field conditions is discussed. The complex interplay of plant and soil characteristics militates against precise definition of an optimum pH range for the growth of a particular crop unless the soil is also specified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181830
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    Effects of a soil fulvic acid on the growth and nutrient content of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Copper ; Flowers ; Iron ; Leaves ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient uptake ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Koots ; Shoots ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants were grown in Hoagland solution to which 20 to 2000 ppm of a soil fulvic acid (FA) were added. The addition of 100 to 300 ppm of FA produced highly significant increases in the growth and development of above and below ground plant parts, in the uptake of nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn), and in the formation of numbers of flowers per plant. Effects of adding 500 and more ppm of FA were less beneficial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370049
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    Effects of dry and moist incubation of soils on the extractability of native and applied soil copper (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 64 (1982), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; chloride-extractable Cu ; Copper ; EDTA-extractable Cu ; Incubation ; Isotopically-exchangeable Cu ; Moisture content ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The amount of copper extracted from soils by EDTA was found to increase with the temperature of extraction. Under controlled conditions of extraction, the amount of applied copper extracted from soils by EDTA decreased during incubation of soils under both moist and dry conditions. The recovery of applied copper by EDTA appeared to be related to the amounts of manganese and iron oxides in the soil. On the basis of comparisons with calcium chloride-extractable copper and isotopically-exchangeable copper it is suggested that EDTA extraction could over-estimate the availability of soil copper to plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184253
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    Influence of waterlogging and lime or organic matter additions on the distribution of trace metals in an acid soil (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acid soil ; Complexed metals ; Copper ; Iron oxides ; Lime ; Manganese oxides ; Organic matter ; Redistribution ; Trace metals ; Waterlogging ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The redistribution of zinc and copper in a soil as a result of waterlogging has been studied using selective extractants to remove metals held by specific mechanisms. Waterlogging over a period of 16 weeks resulted in a lowering of soluble, exchangeable and organically bound zinc and copper. There is a concomitant increase in the levels of these metals held by specific adsorption (acetic acid extractable) and by poorly ordered oxides (oxalate extractable). It is suggested that the breakdown of these oxides of iron and manganese, which is brought about by waterlogging, provides surfaces with high adsorptive capacity for zinc and copper. Addition of 1% dried grass or 1% lime to the soil caused an acceleration in metal redistribution. Some of the copper released was retained in the standing water, presumably as a soluble chelate. This was not the case with zinc.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184204
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    Interaction of phosphorus and molybdenum in relation to uptake and utilization of molybdenum, phosphorus, zinc, copper and manganese by rice (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 261-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Manganese ; Molybdenum ; Phosphorus ; Rice Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of phosphorus and molybdenum alone and combined, on the uptake and utilization of Mo, Mn, Zn, Cu and P by rice (Var. IR-579) was studied in the greenhouse at varying levels of Mo (0, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm) and (0,100 and 200 ppm). Application of P increased the dry matter yield of shoot and root. Combined application of P and Mo increased the dry matter yield of shoot. Application of Mo increased the concentration of Mo and P in shoot. Applied P caused an increase in the concentration of Mo, Zn and P in shoot. Combined application of P and Mo resulted in an increase in concentration and uptake of Mo in shoot.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373712
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    Cu x Mn interaction and the availability of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and P in waterlogged rice soils (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alluvial soil ; Copper ; Interaction ; Iron ; Manganese ; Moisture ; Phosphorus ; Rice ; Waterlogging ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with three clay loam lowland rice soils (Haplustalf) to study the effect of application of three different levels of Cu(0, 1.25, 2.5 ppm) and Mn (0, 10, 20 ppm) in all possible combinations on the changes in the DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, F, Mn and Brays 2 extractable P in soil. The results showed that application of Cu decreased the content of extractable Zn, Fe, Mn and P in soils, the rate of decrease gradually declining with the progress of incubation period. Application of Mn also depressed the content of extractable Cu, Fe and P but increased that of extractable Zn.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185713
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    Cu and Zn in soils treated with sewage sludge: Their ‘extractability’ to reagents compared with their ‘availability’ to plants (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Availability ; Copper ; Extractability ; Sewage sludge ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Dried digested sewage sludge (cake) was mixed, in varied proportions, with three contrasting soils and cropped intermittently to ryegrass or young barley over a period of 710 days. Results are presented for periods 1–4, 13–16 and 22–23 months after the sludge and soil were mixed. At any given time the quantities of Cu or Zn that wereextractable (by EDTA or acetic acid) from a given soil showed a simple relationship to the ‘total’ quantities of Cu and Zn present. Theavailability of these elements to test crops also showed a simple relationship to their ‘total’ quantities. As a result the quantities available or extractable at any given time appeared to be related to each other also. However, though the extractabilities of Cu and Zn changed with time in some cases, and the availabilities of Cu and Zn changed with time in some cases, the changes were not matched. Increased extractability did not necessarily lead to increased uptake, and in some cases uptake increased even when extractability did not. It should not be assumed too readily therefore that because, at a given time after a soil is sludged, the quantities of added Cu and Zn that are extractable or available are sometimes correlated, the former actually measures the latter.There is no reason to assume that extractants remove all or only the forms of combination of Cu or Zn that may be taken up by crops.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374745
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    In situ immobilization of heavy metals with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren) in natural soils and its effect on toxicity and plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Copper complex ; Corn ; Heavy metals ; Nutrient solutions ; Tetraethylenepentamine ; Tetren ; Zea mays L ; Zinc ; Zinc complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Complex formation of copper with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren) has some pronounced effects on the rate of uptake of the metal in corn, grown on nutrient solutions. At normal copper levels (0.02 ppm) in the medium, complex formation leads to a nearly hundredfold decrease in the rate of uptake, growth rate being slightly improved. Similar effects are observed at high copper levels (0.05 and 1 ppm) in which case the growth rate, severely affected in the absence of tetren, can be restored to normal values. High excess of tetren in the medium leads to copper-deficiency. Evidence is presented that the metal is taken up and translocated to the shoot as a metal complex and that its rate of translocation through the xylem is higher than for the aqueous ion. The effects in the case of zinc are similar although somewhat less marked.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374749
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    In situ immobilization of heavy metals with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren) in natural soils and its effect on toxicity and plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cation exchange ; Copper ; Copper complex ; Copper-64 ; Corn ; Cyperus papyrus ; Papyrus ; Tetraethylenepentamine ; Tetren ; Transport ; Xylem ; Zea mays L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The consequences of complex formation with tetren (tetraethylenepentamine) for the uptake and mobility of copper in the plant is studied. Short term supply of double labelled Cu-tetren (64Cu,14C-tetren) in nutrient solution to corn plants (Zea mays L., cv. spec.) indicates a stoichiometric uptake of the 1-1 complex. This is reflected in the increased shoot/root ratio of the64Cu-content (two orders of magnitude) resulting from an enhanced mobility of the complexed Cu in the plant. Increasing Cu-concentrations reduce the uptake of tetren, and an interaction between the uptake of tetren and Cu-tetren is demonstrated. The changed mobility of the64Cu-tetren complex is shown in more detail using cut shoots of papyrus plants (Cyperus papyrus L. cv. spec.) andin vivo detection of the64Cu radiation during transport. Results are discussed in terms of the effect of complex formation on the cation exchange process during xylem transport.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374750
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    Coprecipitation of copper and zinc in culture solutions (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium phosphate ; Copper ; Coprecipitation ; Iron phosphate ; Solution cultures ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Coprecipitation of Cu and Zn in insoluble phosphates of Fe and Ca from a modified Long Ashton nutrient solution was found to be highly pH dependent. In one experiment, more than 95% and 75% of the Cu and Zn respectively were removed from solution after two days at pH 6.5 while at pH 5.0 less than 30% and 20% respectively were removed. Significant desorption of both metals took place within one day after acidification.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206903
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    The absorption, distribution and concentration of copper in white clover grown on a range of soils (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Absorption ; Availability ; Copper ; Extractable Cu ; Roots ; Soils ; Transport ; Trifolium repens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The absorption, distribution and concentration of Cu in white clover were examined in plants grown on 21 soils under controlled environment conditions, and the results compared with those from a previous study with perennial ryegrass. The clover absorbed more Cu and, in general, had higher concentrations in the shoots over six successive harvests than did the ryegrass. However, concentrations of Cu in the roots, and the proportion of the total plant Cu found in the roots were lower with the clover. The concentration of Cu in the shoots of the clover, and the total amount in shoots plus roots, respectively, were correlated with the concentration of Cu extracted from the soils by 0.05M EDTA (r=0.473 and 0.700), by 0.005M DTPA (r=0.610 and 0.638) and by 1.95 per cent HNO3 (r=0.627 and 0.699). Some of these correlations were improved slightly when the concentrations of extractable Cu were adjusted for soil pH. The exploration of the soils by root extension appeared to be less important in the acquisition of Cu by the clover than it was for the ryegrass.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02369976
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    Total concentrations of Mn, Zn and Cu in certain forest soils in Greece (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Forest soils ; Greece ; Manganese ; Total concentrations ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Total concentrations of Mn, Zn and Cu were determined in soil samples from 144 profiles located in remote forested areas throughout the mainland of Greece. Bio-accumulation of Mn and Zn in the humic horizon took place only in moderately acid soils (pH 5–6). Mean concentrations of Mn, Zn and Cu, in the mineral section of the soil profiles, were 1383, 93, and 51 ppm, respectively. Soils from hard limestone and basic and ultrabasic igneous rock contain these three minor elements at significantly higher concentrations compared to soils from the rest of the soil parent materials. In most of the soil profiles concentration of Cu increased, and of Mn decreased, with soil depth. Concentrations of Mn, Zn and Cu in the underlaying “rocks” were within the range of their average concentrations found in the mineral soil, except for hard limestone where much lower concentrations of these elements have been found. The latter supports the theory that the parent material of soils associated with limestones might not be a solution product of the limestone rock.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178750
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