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  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • USA
  • English  (191)
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Democracy in America? : What has gone wrong and what we can do about it (2017)
    Chicago, Ill. : The University of Chicago Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK D 029-19-92536
    Keywords: USA ; Demokratie
    Description / Table of Contents: More democracy -- Unequal wealth distorts politics -- What has gone wrong -- Thwarting the will of the people -- The political clout of wealthy Americans -- Corporations and interest groups -- Polarized parties and gridlock -- What can be done -- Equal voice for all citizens -- Overcoming gridlock and democratizing institutions -- How to do it -- A social movement for democracy -- Signs of progress
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 369 Seiten , Diagramme
    ISBN: 9780226508962 , 9780226509013 (electronic)
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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    Reshaping the World (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This volume provides information and analyses to better grasp the social implications of geographical borders as well as the individuals who travel between them and those who live in border regions. Sociologists, anthropologists, philosophers, linguists, and scholars of international relations and public health are just some of the authors contributing to Rethinking Borders. The diversity in the authors’ disciplines and the topics they focus on exemplify the intricacies of borders and their manifold effects. This openness to so many schools of thought stands in contrast to the solidification of stricter borders across the globe. The contributions range from case studies of migrants’ sense of belonging and safety to theoretical discussions about migration and globalization, from empirical studies about immigrant practices and exclusionary laws to ethical concerns about the benefits of inclusion. It is timely that this collective work is published in the middle of a pandemic that has affected every single part of the world. Unprecedented border closures and stringent travel restrictions have not been enough to contain the virus entirely. As COVID-19 shows, diseases, ideas, and xenophobic and racist discourses know no borders. Plans that transcend borders are vital when dealing with global threats, such as climate change and pandemics.
    Keywords: distributive justice ; political legitimacy ; international legitimacy ; liberal theory of international relations ; immigration ; political self-determination ; territorial rights ; nationalism ; statism ; migration crisis ; ideal type ; refugees ; immigrants ; migration policy ; methodological nationalism ; nation-state ; state/anarchy model ; globalization ; epistemic ideals ; human mobility ; citizenship ; children in detention ; border policing ; illegalization ; neoliberalism ; USA ; Australia ; immigration detention ; care ; migration ; migration management ; nursing ; recruitment ; globalized labor markets ; Germany ; migration and crime ; human security ; border wall ; safest American city ; Latinos ; decolonisation ; SADC borders ; regional integration ; diversity ; superdiversity ; multiculture ; critical diversity studies ; racism ; discrimination ; diversity policies ; English name ; Chinese name ; Taiwan ; pragmalinguistics ; sociolinguistics ; naming practices ; identity ; nickname ; anti-immigration ; populism ; xenophobia ; globalists ; borders ; global health diplomacy (GHD) ; CARICOM ; public health ; health security ; epidemics ; Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ; non-communicable diseases (NCDs) ; peace ; foreign policy ; Caribbean ; border ; homelessness ; hard drug users ; self-inflicted violence ; body without organs ; group asylum ; sovereignty ; ethics of recognition ; ethics of care ; solidarity ; Axel Honneth ; Jürgen Habermas ; mental health ; point in time ; diagnosis ; border walls ; fences ; limited migration ; open borders ; free movement ; regionalism ; localism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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    Games Without Frontiers? (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book focuses on how and why digital games and gambling are increasingly intertwined and asks “does this matter?” Looking at how “loot boxes” became the poster child for the convergence of gambling and gaming, Wardle traces how we got here. She argues that the intersection between gambling and gaming cultures has a long lineage, one that can be traced back throughout the 20th century but also incorporates more recent trends like the poker boom of the 1990s, the development of social media gambling products and the development of skin betting markets. Underpinned by changing technology, which facilitated new ways to bet, trade and play, the intersection between gaming and gambling cultures and products has accelerated within the last decade – and shows little signs of stopping. Wardle explores what this means for our understanding of risk, how gaming and gambling entities use each other for commercial advantage, and crucially explores what young people think of this, before making recommendations for action.
    Keywords: Sociology ; Internet ; Online ; Australia ; UK ; USA ; Reward ; Risk ; Money ; E-sports ; Leisure ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC1 Popular culture ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBS Sociology: sport and leisure ; thema EDItEUR::S Sports and Active outdoor recreation
    Language: English
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    Rewriting Academia (2021)
    Peter Lang International Academic Publishers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: From a historical perspective, the full academic establishment of Women’s and Gender Studies is a radical and far-reaching innovation. Decisive impulses have come from the United States, the European unification and globalization. European Women’s and Gender Studies are therefore intimately linked to the English language and Anglophone cultures, as the near untranslatability of «gender» shows. In this volume 25 experts present surveys for their countries with a historical and European contextualization and offer fundamental insights not only for English Studies but also various other disciplines.
    Keywords: Academia ; Anglicist ; Behinderung ; Chancengleichheit ; Class ; Class ; Continental ; Development ; Disability ; Disability ; Education ; Ethnicity ; Europe ; Feminism ; Gender ; Haas ; History of American Studies ; History of English Studies ; Intersections ; Learning ; Life ; Narratives ; Narritive ; Portraits ; Progress ; Queer Studies ; Race ; Race ; Rewriting ; Schüler ; Social ; Studies ; Unterprivilegierter ; Urban ; Urban ; USA ; Women’s ; Women's movements ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups::JBSF1 Gender studies: women and girls
    Language: English
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    A People's History of the Second World War (2021)
    Pluto Press | Pluto Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: A People's History of the Second World War unearths the fascinating history of the war as fought 'from below'. Until now, the vast majority of historical accounts have focussed on the conflict between the Allied and Axis powers for imperialist mastery. Donny Gluckstein shows that in fact between 1939 and 1945 two distinct wars were fought – one ‘from above’ and one ‘from below’. Using examples from countries under the Nazi heel, in the colonies and within the Axis and Allied camps, Gluckstein brings to life the very different struggle of the people's and resistance movements which proliferated during the war. He shows how they fought not just fascism, but colonialism and empire, and were betrayed by the Allies at the war’s end. This book will fundamentally challenge our understanding of the Second World War – both about the people who fought it and the reasons for which it was fought.
    Keywords: History ; Second World War ; History ; Empire ; People's History ; Nazi Germany ; Fascism ; Colonialism ; Resistance Movements ; Greece ; Yugoslavia ; Poland ; Latvia ; France ; Italy ; USA ; Germany ; Austria ; Vietnam ; Indonesia ; ww2 ; wwii ; Imperialism ; Nazism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period)
    Language: English
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    City, Climate, and Architecture (2022)
    De Gruyter | Birkhäuser
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The publication rethinks climate control through the lens of city climate phenomena. Based on a history of climate control on urban scales, it promotes the integration of indoors and outdoors in order to reduce environmental and thermal loads in cities.While the first part of the book focuses on the interwar period in Europe, the publication’s second part considers examples from all over the globe until the late 20th century.
    Keywords: Urbansim ; micro climate ; 20th century ; Europe ; USA ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMA Theory of architecture ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMV Landscape architecture and design::AMVD City and town planning: architectural aspects ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning
    Language: English
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    Goodwill Impairment (2021)
    Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: In 2001, goodwill amortization in the US was eliminated in favor of an impairment-only approach, which, according to critics, gives managers vast discretion and opportunities for earnings management. Prior research suggests that discretionary asset write-offs are associated with economic factors and managers’ financial reporting objectives. Based on a systematic literature review, this study investigates for a comprehensive sample of US firms the determinants of goodwill write-off behavior. Regression analysis shows that write-off behavior is significantly explained by firms’ economic properties. Only in large, high-profile firms, incentives appear to be significant determinants. These findings suggest that the impairment-only approach does capture goodwill impairment at least to some extent.
    Keywords: Bilanzpolitik ; Empirical ; Firmenwert ; Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ; Geschäftswert ; Goodwill ; Goodwill ; Impairment ; Impairment ; Investigation ; Offs ; Sellhorn ; SFAS ; under ; USA ; US-GAAP ; Wertberichtigung ; Write ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KF Finance & accounting::KFC Accounting::KFCX Accounting: study & revision guides ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV1 Budgeting & financial management
    Language: English
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    Analysis of Creationism in the United States from Scopes (1925) to Kitzmiller (2005) and its Effect on the Nation´s Science Education System (2021)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Creationism is based on a fundamental belief in the inerrancy of the bible and negatively affects science education because creationist proponents insist on the inclusion of supernatural explanations for the appearance of species, in particular the origin of humans. This detrimental effect on education is particularly relevant in the United States, where almost 70% of the population rejects the idea of naturalistic evolution and the majority of American students struggle to meet the college-readiness benchmarks in science and math. This dissertation provides a comprehensive look at the issue from historical, judicial and educational perspectives. Twenty-four legal cases in the United States regarding anti-evolutionary strategies were analyzed in detail. Strategic trends were identified ranging from the statewide banning of evolution in public schools to the required teaching of Creation Science. The exact effect of creationist political activity was discerned through the analysis of state science standards and textbook adoption processes, which illustrated the creationists’ ability to lobby for a diminished coverage of evolution in science standards and textbooks. It was found that despite attempts made by scientific and educational agencies to provide guidelines such as the Next Generation Science Standards, the majority of American state science standards continue to be sub-par and one of the major flaws of these standards is the overall attempt to weaken the coverage of evolution throughout the standards. A similar loss of quality occurs in textbooks since publishers engage in self-censorship in order to avoid controversial topics such as evolution in order to prevent their books from being rejected. An examination of the free-choice learning materials revealed that creationist proponents are very active and successful in producing books, films and museums for the sole purpose of promoting creationism. Moreover, a brief look at the creationist movement in Germany provided a powerful comparison to the United States and elucidated the key components necessary for a creationist movement to exist and flourish, namely the presence of fundamentalist willing to fight to get anti-evolutionary materials introduced into science classrooms. This study provides new insights into the creationist phenomenon, present not only in the United States but also increasingly present in European countries such as Germany. Understanding the detrimental link between creationism and science education will help the science community realize that this topic needs to be continually readdressed and that it is imperative that these creationist trends are not dismissed as inconsequential.
    Description: Der Kreationismus in all seinen Varianten geht weitgehend bis heute von der Annahme aus, dass die biologische Vielfalt nicht durch natürliche Ursachen, sondern durch Einwirkung übernatürlicher Kräfte entstanden ist (Einwirkung eines Schöpfer-Wesens). Nicht mehr hinterfragbare Begründungen sind dabei für kreationistisch geprägte Theorien charakteristisch, auch die ID-Bewegung setzt hier fort. In beiden Fällen (Kreationismus/ID) handelt es sich nicht um Theorien, da sie die Ansprüche, die man in der Wissenschaft an eine Theorie stellt, nicht erfüllen. Es sind vielmehr pseudowissenschaftliche, antidarwinistische Theoriengebäude die derzeit mit dazu beitragen, dass die „Religion“ generell in Misskredit gezogen wird. Diese Sichtweise kann sich auch negativ auf den naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht auswirken, wenn Kreationisten bspw. versuchen, übernatürliche Erklärungen für das Auftreten von Arten im Biologieunterricht zu propagieren. Diese „weltanschauliche“ Interpretation ist besonders stark innerhalb des naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichtes in den Vereinigten Staaten zu finden, wo fast 75% der Bevölkerung die naturalistische Evolutionstheorie ablehnt. Zudem sind die meisten amerikanischen Schüler unfähig, erfolgreich an naturwissenschaftlichen Universitätskursen teilzunehmen. Vorliegende Arbeit liefert eine erste umfassende Bestandsaufnahme des „Kreationismus-Phänomens“ aus historischer, rechtlicher und pädagogischer Perspektive. Es wurden hierfür 24 Rechtsfälle, die auf anti-evolutionärer Grundlage basierten, im Detail analysiert und die strategischen Tendenzen der Kreationismus-Bewegung identifiziert. Hierbei wird verdeutlicht, dass die kreationistischen Strategien Großteils als Reaktion auf die jeweiligen Gerichtsentscheidungen entstanden sind. Weiterhin wurde die direkte Einflussnahme des Kreationismus auf das Bildungssystem mittels staatlicher Einflussnahme auf Lehrbuchinhalte und Bildungsstandards im Fachbereich Biologie analysiert. Da die Inhalte von Lehrbüchern und Bildungsstandards vorwiegend durch politische Prozesse und Gremien in den USA festgelegt werden, gelang es so den Kreationisten, durch entsprechende politische Einflussnahme, die Wissenschaftlichkeit der Evolutionsbiologie innerhalb der Lehrbücher und Bildungsstandards herabzusetzen, mit der Konsequenz, dass das Thema „Evolution“ nur noch marginal unterrichtet werden kann. Zusätzlich ergab eine Analyse frei wählbarer amerikanischer Lehr- und Lernmaterialien, dass die Kreationisten auch sehr erfolgreich darin sind, ihre Ideen entsprechend zu vermarkten (Bücher, Filme, Errichtung von Museen), um so ihre Ziele auch außerhalb des Klassenraumes zu stärken. Ebenso wurde die Kreationismus-Bewegung in Deutschland dargestellt. Dieser Vergleich zwischen den beiden Ländern soll mit dazu beitragen, die generellen Schlüsselkomponenten kreationistischer Bewegungen aufzudecken. Die Studie liefert hier neue, detaillierte Einblicke in die Kreationismus-Bewegung und zeigt, dass diese Strömung derzeit weiter sehr aktiv und erfolgreich ist. Überdies wird gezeigt, dass der Kreationismus (ID-Bewegung) sich nicht nur in den Vereinigten Staaten ausgebreitet hat, sondern auch zunehmend in europäischen Ländern zu finden ist.
    Keywords: Creationism ; USA ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Border Flows (2022)
    University of Calgary Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Declining access to fresh water is one of the twenty-first century’s most pressing environmental and human rights challenges, yet the struggle for water is not a new cause. The 8,800-kilometer border dividing Canada and the United States contains more than 20 percent of the world’s total freshwater resources, and Border Flows traces the century-long effort by Canada and the United States to manage and care for their ecologically and economically shared rivers and lakes. Ranging across the continent, from the Great Lakes to the Northwest Passage to the Salish Sea, the histories in Border Flows offer critical insights into the historical struggle to care for these vital waters. From multiple perspectives, the book reveals alternative paradigms in water history, law, and policy at scales from the local to the transnational. Students, concerned citizens, and policymakers alike will benefit from the lessons to be found along this critical international border. With contributions by Andrea Charron, Alice Cohen, Dave Dempsey, Jerry Dennis, Colin A.M. Duncan, Matthew Evenden, James W. Feldman, Noah D. Hall, Lynne Heasley, Nancy Langston, Frédéric Lasserre, Daniel Macfarlane, Andrew Marcille, Jeremy Mouat, Emma S. Norman, Peter Starr, Joseph E. Taylor III, and Graeme Wynn
    Keywords: Canada ; USA ; Transnational ; Environment ; History ; Freshwater ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Affective Intellectuals and the Space of Catastrophe in the Americas (2021)
    The Ohio State University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Most importantly, the book shows how literature constitutes an alternative public sphere for Black people. In a society largely controlled by white supremacist actors and institutions, Black authors have conjured fiction into a space where hard questions can be asked and answered and where the work of combatting collective, racist suppression can occur without replicating oppressive hierarchies. Intimate Antagonisms uncovers a key theme in Black fiction and argues that literature itself is a vital institutional site within Black life. Through the examination of intimate conflicts in a wide array of twentieth- and twenty-first-century novels, Blake demonstrates the centrality of intraracial relations to the complexity and vision of Black social movements and liberation struggles and the power and promise of Black narrative in reshaping struggle.
    Keywords: History ; 20th century ; 21st century ; novels ; ethnic minorities ; black studies ; colonialism ; latin america ; USA ; literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies
    Language: English
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    Jamaica Kincaid’s Writings of History (2023)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Jamaica Kincaid’s works consistently explore the long-lasting effects of colonial history on contemporary lives. Focusing on the media of text, image, and the human body, the chapters of this book show how Kincaid’s ''poetics of impermanence'' destabilize hegemonial representations of history and in their stead establish self-determined versions of the past through a multiplication of perspectives and voices.
    Keywords: USA ; Jamaica Kincaid ; Postcolonial Studies ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBH Literary studies: c 1900 to c 2000 ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTZ General studies and General knowledge
    Language: English
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    The Future of Land Warfare (2021)
    Brookings Institution Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In today’s U.S. defense policy debates, big land wars are out. Drones, cyber weapons, special forces, and space weapons are in. Accordingly, Pentagon budget cuts have honed in on the army and ground forces: this, after the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, seems like an appealing idea. No one really wants American boots on the ground in bloody conflicts abroad. But it is not so easy to simply declare an end to messy land wars. A survey of the world’s trouble spots suggests that land warfare has more of a future than many now seem to believe. In The Future of Land Warfare, Michael O’Hanlon offers an analysis of the future of the world’s ground forces.
    Keywords: Political Science ; USA ; Defense Strategy ; Land Warfare ; Weapons and Equipment ; Defense Politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence::JWC Military forces and sectors::JWCD Land forces and warfare
    Language: English
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    Conditional Freedom (2024)
    Brill
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: While the literature on slave flight in nineteenth-century North America has commonly focused on fugitive slaves escaping to the U.S. North and Canada, Conditional Freedom provides new insights on the social and political geography of freedom and slavery in nineteenth-century North America by exploring the development of southern routes of escape from slavery in the U.S. South and the experiences of self-emancipated slaves in the U.S.–Mexico borderlands. In Conditional Freedom, Thomas Mareite offers a social history of U.S. refugees from slavery, and provides a political history of the clash between Mexican free soil and the spread of slavery west of the Mississippi valley during the nineteenth-century.
    Keywords: 19th century ; African American history ; African-American ; boderlands ; emancipation ; History ; maroon ; marronage ; Mexico ; refugee ; refugees from slavery ; runaway ; runaway slaves ; sanctuary policy ; slaves ; U.S.–Mexico borderlands ; United States of America ; US ; USA ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTS Slavery and abolition of slavery ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFG Refugees and political asylum ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1K The Americas::1KB North America (USA and Canada)::1KBB United States of America, USA ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1K The Americas::1KL Latin America – Mexico, Central America, South America::1KLC Mexico and Central America::1KLCM Mexico
    Language: English
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    How America Became Capitalist (2021)
    Pluto Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-04-25
    Description: In an age of political and economic uncertainty, from the Great Recession to the election of Donald Trump, it is essential to understand the ways capitalism and imperialism are central to the American way of life. The story told in this book brings together a new interpretation of American history beyond mainstream perspectives to chart the ways in which white-settler colonialism pushed expansion on the western frontier of empire, and locates the history through which empire gradually took on a capitalist form. It follows the pathway of expansion from the making of an Atlantic world market through the creation of white colonies in New England and Virginia. From here the book charts the growth of empire across the north and south, highlighting the gendered dynamics of empire-building, and culminates in a discussion of the Civil War and the consolidation of over two centuries of capitalist development explaining how a society with capitalism became a capitalist society.
    Keywords: History ; USA ; North America ; History ; International Relations ; Capitalism ; Political Economy ; Colonies ; Virginia ; New England ; Civil War ; Settler Colonialism ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy
    Language: English
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    Strategic Triangles Reshaping International Relations in East Asia (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Rozman shows how East Asia’s international relations over three decades can be best understood through the lens of triangles, analyzing relations between the key nations through a series of trilateral relationships. He argues that triangles present a convincing answer to the question of whether we had entered a new era of bipolarity like the Cold War or an age of multipolarity. Triangulation emerged as a dynamic in East Asia in the aftermath of the Cold War and was accelerated in the course of the Xi and Trump administrations. Even as Sino-US competition and confrontation deepened, triangles had a substantial presence. East Asian triangles share an unusual mixture of three distinct elements: deep-seated security distrust, extraordinary economic interdependence, and a combustible composition of historical resentments and civilizational confidence. The combination of the three makes the case for triangularity more compelling, Rozman argues. The legacy of communism, the pursuit of reunification on the Korean Peninsula, and moves to expand beyond the US-Japan alliance have all driven the way triangles have evolved. Only as bipolarity intensified in the 2020s was triangularity losing ground. The degree of turnabout is analyzed for all of the cases considered. Rozman evaluates each key triangle of states in turn and assesses how the relationship impacts the region more widely. This book provides an essential framework for understanding the current state and trajectory of East Asian international relations, for students and policymakers.
    Keywords: Australia ; China ; Cold War ; India ; Indo-Pacific ; Japan ; Korea ; Russia ; the Quad ; USA ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
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    Documenting Racism (2021)
    Bloomsbury Academic
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: From the silent era through the 1950s, the U.S. Department of Agriculture was the preeminent government filmmaking organization. In the United States, USDA films were shown in movie theaters, public and private schools at all educational levels, churches, libraries and even in open fields. For many Americans in the early 1900s, the USDA films were the first motion pictures they watched. And yet USDA documentaries have received little serious scholarly attention. The lack of serious study is especially concerning since the films chronicle over half a century of American farm life and agricultural work and, in so doing, also chronicle the social, cultural, and political changes in the United States at a crucial time in its development into a global superpower. Focusing specifically on four key films, Winn explicates the representation of African Americans in these films within the socio-political context of their times.
    Keywords: Media & Communications ; Film History ; Black History ; USA ; USDA Films ; 1950s ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema::ATFA Film history, theory or criticism
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    Worked to the Bone (2022)
    Hamburg University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: In the American “Wild West” the nation’s predominant paleontologists O. C. Marsh and E. D. Cope raced for the discovery of the most spectacular dinosaur fossils the world had ever seen. The “Bone Wars” not only unearthed triceratops, stegosaurus, and brontosaurus, they also made US paleontology world-famous. This book analyzes international scientific networks, carves out German influences on the evolution of US paleontology and higher education, and examines the link between the rise of US nationalism and science. So-far neglected by scholars, the perspectives of O. C. Marsh’s German assistants take center stage.
    Keywords: History of paleontology ; Cultural history ; History of knowledge ; Gilded Age ; USA ; 1860–1900 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: English
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    Playing American (2023)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Tracing a practice called "playing American" through the stages of videogame development, gameplay, and reception, this book delineates how aspects of American culture are reproduced transnationally through popular open-world videogames. Case studies of the Grand Theft Auto, Watch Dogs, and Red Dead Redemption franchises highlight different figurations of this phenomenon.
    Keywords: Cultural studies ; USA ; Pop culture ; video games ; media studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHA History: theory and methods ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHA History: theory and methods::NHAH Historiography ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MR 21st century, c 2000 to c 2100 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC1 Popular culture
    Language: English
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    American Mobilities (2021)
    transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: American Mobilities investigates representations of mobility – social, economic, geographic – in American film and literature during the Depression, WWII, and the early Cold War. With an emphasis on the dual meaning of »domestic«, referring to both the family home and the nation, this study traces the important trope of mobility that runs through the »American« century. Juxtaposing canonical fiction with popular, and low-budget independent films with Classical Hollywood, Leyda brings the analytic tools of American cultural and literary studies to bear on an eclectic array of primary texts as she builds a case for the significance of mobility in the study of the United States.
    Keywords: Literature ; Literature ; Film ; Culture ; USA ; Mobility ; Capital Flows ; Labour Flows ; Contemporary History ; Great Depression ; Global Financial Crisis ; Cultural Studies ; America ; American Studies ; American History ; Cultural History ; Hollywood ; Los Angeles ; Middle class ; Race and ethnicity in the United States Census ; Racism ; United States ; Western (genre) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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    Towards Turkish American Literature (2021)
    Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: The author expands the definition of Turkish American literature beyond fiction written by Americans of Turkish descent to incorporate texts that literally ‘commute’ between two national spheres. This segment of Turkish American literature transcends established paradigms of immigrant life-writing, as it includes works by Turkish authors who do not qualify as American permanent residents and were not born in the United States by Turkish parents (such as Elif Shafak and Halide Edip), and on novels where the Turkish and Ottoman matter decisively prevails over the American (Güneli Gün’s «On the Road to Baghdad» and Alev Lytle Croutier’s «Seven Houses»). Yet, these texts were written in English, were purposefully located on the American market, and simultaneously engage the Turkish and the American cultural and literary traditions.
    Keywords: Literature ; Literary studies ; USA ; Turkey ; immigration ; literary theory ; novel
    Language: English
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    Making a Homeland (2023)
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Ties to the homeland have always been a central focus of global diaspora and migration studies. How and why do the descendants of migrants maintain their attachment to the ancestral homeland? To what extent do emotional ties bind second and later generations of migrants to that place? Tsypylma Darieva examines various actors, channels and sites of transnational Armenian engagement that generate new pathways of diasporic ›roots‹ mobility. Drawing on long-term ethnographic observations in Armenia and in the USA, she examines transnational flows of people, money and ideas to show the social and political significance that roots mobility acquires when the mythical ›homeland‹ becomes a real place.
    Keywords: Transnational Engagement ; Diaspora ; Homeland ; Armenia ; USA ; Migration ; Globalization ; Memory Culture ; Cultural Anthropology ; Eastern Europe ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
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    After 9/11 (2022)
    Verlag Barbara Budrich | Verlag Barbara Budrich
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: After 9/11 presents 17 interviews with America´s leading political thinkers. Renowned experts such as Zbigniew Brzezinski, Francis Fukuyama, and Noam Chomsky discuss the nation’s foreign policy in the post-9/11 world. Yet, they also comment on their own role in US society – and the mounting challenges they face today. The conversations illustrate the hopes and expectations, the anger and frustration, the shattered beliefs and unshakable convictions of the nation´s preeminent minds – at a time when America made its epic transition from George W. Bush to Barack Obama. Renowned experts engage in a vibrant debate about their nation´s position on the global stage: What is America´s foreign policy in the post-9/11 world? What should it be? What led to the catastrophe of September 11? How best to prevent another one, and how to restore America´s damaged reputation? What to expect of Obama? While struggling to define their nation´s role in a world that has changed since the terror attacks, the intellectuals discuss their own role in 21st-century society – a society that thrives on public discourse. The book is written for students, graduates, and lecturers in political science, sociology, culture studies, philosophy, and history. However, anyone interested not only in the political positions of America´s most prominent thinkers but also in how these thinkers feel about what they do and how they do it will enjoy this book. Interview partners: Benjamin Barber John Bolton Zbigniew Brzezinski Noam Chomsky Francis Fukuyama Jean Bethke Elshtain Robert O. Keohane James M. Lindsay Michael Novak Joseph Nye Clyde Prestowitz Anne-Marie Slaughter Nancy Soderberg Strobe Talbott Michael Walzer Cornel West Howard Zinn (†)
    Keywords: Intellectuals ; September 11 ; USA ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
    Language: English
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    Aquatic Insects (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Insects have successfully inhabited all freshwater habitats on Earth and are often the most diverse and abundant species in streams and ponds. With a disproportionally high species richness compared to the area covered by freshwaters, aquatic insects represent a hotspot of diversity. They play crucial roles in aquatic food webs as primary consumers, detritivores, and predators, but they also represent an important food resource for aquatic and terrestrial predators. Many aquatic insect orders, such as mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies, include taxa that are highly sensitive to habitat alterations, reflecting the health of the overall aquatic ecosystem. This feature is exploited by many scientists and practitioners around the world for water and environment quality monitoring. Despite their importance in term of diversity, ecosystem services and bioindication, many aquatic insect species are critically endangered, mainly due to anthropogenic pressures on freshwaters and climate change. Although the research efforts on aquatic insects tremendously increased during the 21st century, much is still left undiscovered. This Special Issue addresses existing knowledge gaps and increases our understanding of taxonomic diversity and phylogeny, distribution patterns, and community ecology of aquatic insects through 15 new studies that cover most of the aquatic insect orders over a wide geographic range. In a context of rapid global biodiversity loss, accelerating the acquisition of both fundamental and applied knowledge is crucial.
    Keywords: odonate ; flight period ; checklist ; Eastern Mediterranean ; citizen science ; climate ; water quality ; functional richness ; functional specialization ; functional evenness ; impact of mining and forest fire ; aquatic insects ; conservation ; life cycle ; limnology ; mayfly ; North Africa ; rivers ; streams ; developing country ; multivariate statistics ; bioindication value ; index scores ; WQI ; HQI ; EPT ; stoneflies ; USA ; species richness ; hierarchical unit codes ; flow intermittence ; environmental variables ; aquatic macrophytes ; karst ; dragonflies ; damselflies ; anthropogenic impact ; distribution ; local extinction ; museum study ; Plecoptera ; population decline ; island biogeography ; new species ; taxonomy ; biodiversity ; colonization ; endemism ; species radiation ; diving beetles ; freshwater ; chironomid larvae ; water pollution index (WPI) ; alpha and beta diversity ; anthropogenic pressure ; taxonomic diversity ; substrate preference ; Danube ; floodplain ; gomphid nymphs ; Orientogomphus ; Thailand ; Heteroptera ; aquatic ; species compositions ; marine insects ; Hemiptera ; biogeography ; Rif ; Atlas ; Central Plateau ; Oriental Morocco ; mayflies ; phylogenomics ; phylogenetics ; systematics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    The Mission of the American Board in Syria (2021)
    Franz Steiner Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The work of Christian missions in past centuries has persistently been viewed in a negative light, although missionaries did not always act with cultural imperialist or colonialist intent. This volume presents a more nuanced interpretation of mission work, illuminating the significance of interpersonal interactions within the mission field. The Syria Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), which was active in the Ottoman Province of Syria (present-day Lebanon) between 1819 and 1870, provides the study's central focus. The study analyzes cultural exchange between the Ottoman Empire and the United States through the example of four important protagonists whose significance has been neglected in previous historical scholarship on missions: the missionaries Eli Smith and Cornelius Van Dyck, as well as the Syrian Protestants Butrus al-Bustani and John Wortabet.
    Description: Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht die Syrienmission der protestantischen Missionsgesellschaft American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), die sich von 1819 bis 1870 in der Osmanischen Provinz Syrien, d.h. auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Libanon, etablierte. Die Analyse des kulturellen Austausches zwischen dem Osmanischen Reich und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika setzt bei vier wichtigen Protagonisten an, die in der bisherigen missionsgeschichtlichen Forschung nicht ausführlich bzw. gar nicht Beachtung fanden: Die Missionare Eli Smith und Cornelius Van Dyck sowie die syrischen Protestanten Butrus al-Bustani und John Wortabet. Die Syrienmission des ABCFM ist ein Beispiel dafür, wie zwei verschiedene Kulturen in der sogenannten contact zone der Missionsstationen aufeinander trafen und trotz Konflikten und Meinungsverschiedenheiten zu einem fruchtbaren Dialog gelangen konnten.
    Keywords: Mission ; Middle East ; Syria ; Lebanon ; USA ; Ottoman Empire ; transcultural dialogue ; Eli Smith ; Cornelius Van Dyck ; Butrus al-Bustani ; John Wortabet ; Mission ; Naher Osten ; Syrien ; Libanon ; USA ; Osmanisches Reich ; transkultureller Dialog ; Eli Smith ; Cornelius Van Dyck ; Butrus al-Bustani ; John Wortabet ; American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions ; Anthony van Dyck ; Arabic ; Beirut ; Protestantism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history
    Language: English
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    Water and Sanitation as Human Rights: Have They Strengthened Marginalized Peoples’ Claim for Access? (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book investigates the impact of the United Nations General Assembly’s 2010 resolution that elevated rights to water and sanitation are stand-alone international human rights. A major goal of creating this new human right was to incentivize governments to prioritize and pursue policies to improve access to affordable, potable water to the more than 750 million people worldwide who lacked access, as well as to provide the more than 2.5 billion people with inadequate sanitation. The book’s chapters use a variety of methodological approaches including qualitative case studies and quantitative studies that draw on data from around the world. The chapters reveal how the global human right to water and sanitation was created, how it has been used in rights struggles around the world, and the extent to which it has improved access to water and sanitation for the world’s most marginalized people.
    Keywords: Cape Town Day Zero ; water rights ; water scarcity ; water-justice ; water-governance ; inequality ; South Africa ; right to water ; courts ; vulnerable groups ; UN resolutions ; water ; sanitation ; human rights ; human right to water and sanitation ; HRtWS ; natural language processing ; machine learning ; text analysis ; constitutional reform ; legal opportunity structure ; water legal framework ; socioeconomic rights ; Brazil ; Peru ; Colombia ; social movements ; political cost ; advocacy ; activism ; social movement ; socio-economic rights ; United States ; political opportunity ; coalition-building ; collective action ; human rights from below ; human rights to water and sanitation ; water access ; constitutionalisation ; norm diffusion ; opportunity structures ; impact and efficacy of human rights ; human right to water ; drinking water ; irrigation ; marginalised groups ; indigenous communities ; social and economic rights ; human rights critiques ; right to life ; right to environment ; global rights ; evolution of rights ; construction of rights ; Latin America ; South Asia ; Europe ; Africa ; USA ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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    Negotiations of the "New World" (2021)
    transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-06
    Description: Global is everywhere - recent years have seen a significant proliferation of the adjective "global" across discourses. But what do social actors actually do when using this term? Written from within the political studies and International Relations disciplines, and with a particular interest in the US, this book demonstrates that the widespread use of "global" is more than a linguistic curiosity. It constitutes a distinct political phenomenon of major importance: the negotiation and reproduction of the "new world". As such, the analysis of the use of "global" provides fascinating insights into an influential and politically loaded aspect of contemporary imaginations of the world.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Global ; Uncertainty, ; Political Discourse ; Culture ; Politics ; The New World ; Political Language ; USA ; Rhetorics, ; Globalization ; International Relations ; Political Theory ; Political Science ; Adjective ; Beck ; Omnipresence ; Social reality ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFS Globalization
    Language: English
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    Stories From 55 Years of a Transatlantic Friendship. Geschichten aus 55 Jahren transatlantischer Freundschaft/Smith College & Universität Hamburg 1961 - 2016 (2021)
    Hamburg University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The origin of this story of origins is the celebration, in June 2011, that took place in Hamburg to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the Smith College Junior Year Program at the University of Hamburg. We wanted to replicate in print what we witnessed in person: the voicing of vivid memories that were never identical but invariably familiar; the effortless manner in which people from two institutions and two countries met and mingled; the wisdom and wit with which participants reflected on the profound effect of studying and teaching thousands of miles away from home. We wanted a record of how this remarkable program came into being and of how people over the decades have responded to and remembered what is an exchange in the truest sense. The ease with which we were able to collect some 40 contributions testifies to the strong ties between Smith College and the University of Hamburg – between Northampton and Hamburg. The essays in this volume capture the regular and lively talk between our institutions and cities.
    Keywords: University ; partner higher education institution ; exchange programme ; 20th century ; Hamburg ; ermany ; Northampton ; USA ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English , German
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    Radical Approaches to Political Science (2021)
    Verlag Barbara Budrich
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: This ground breaking volume offers a range of alternative approaches to political science, highlighting problems too rarely confronted by “mainstream” political scientists. Ranging from Gunfighter Sagas to the changing faces of an imaginary Mars, the innovative chapters introduce whole new ways of rethinking politics, stirring up the all too conventional ways of the discipline.
    Keywords: Political Science ; radical politics ; non-mainstream political science ; Ideology ; History of ideas ; political history ; critical theory ; Poland ; Portugal ; Germany ; USA ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory
    Language: English
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    Assessing the Effects of Multiple Stressors on Aquatic Systems across Temporal and Spatial Scales: From Measurement to Management (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is focused on the interplay of multiple stressors in aquatic systems and its consequences for management across spatial and temporal scales. It is organized into six case studies from four continents (Europe, Oceania, Africa, and North America), each based on several different data sources (field and experimental data, historical data, literature reviews, inquiries, and expert knowledge). The case studies address the joint effects of a variety of stressors (physical and chemical barriers, hydromorphology, temperature, drought, and water quality) on a diversity of biological response indicators (fish, macroinvertebrates, and phytoplankton) and discuss the main implications for managing aquatic ecosystems more effectively.
    Keywords: agricultural land use ; antagonism ; Deleatidium ; grazer-scrapers ; large rivers ; multiple stressors ; land use ; hydromorphology ; water quality ; river-basin management ; Southeastern Europe ; global change ; nutrients ; anthropogenic pressure stressor ; interaction ; lake systems ; least-cost modeling ; longitudinal connectivity ; dissolved oxygen ; historical data ; functional distance ; migratory fish ; fish passes ; navigation weir ; fisheries management ; stressors interaction ; anthropogenic pressures ; climate change ; DPSIR ; strategic simulations ; interviews ; river systems ; Burkina Faso ; USA ; fish assemblages ; macroinvertebrate assemblages ; bird assemblages ; croplands ; rangelands ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    Environmental Enrichment of Pigs (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Pigs have a strong motivation to explore and root. In conventional pig husbandry systems, this need is difficult to fulfil, unless adequate enrichment materials are provided. This book summarises how enrichment strategies for pigs have evolved over the last few decades in different countries and provides a vast array of possibilities to enhance the exploratory needs of pigs. The role of enrichment material on avoidance of tail biting outbreaks or as an element triggering positive emotions in pigs is also discussed.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; tail biting ; meat quality ; n/a ; animal welfare ; pig behavior ; welfare ; sows ; fattening pigs ; pig ; enrichment ; pigs ; olfactory ; positive emotions ; social interactions ; straw ; EU ; enrichment materials ; tail biting outbreak ; tail docking ; barriers to implementation ; post-weaning ; pig directive ; pig assessment ; tail damage ; mutilations ; habituation ; rope ; EU policy ; Bite-Rite ; slatted system ; China ; farming ; fattening pig ; USA ; weaners ; enrichment material ; negative emotions ; aggression ; Pig ; swine ; environmental enrichment ; social status ; garlic oil ; performance ; skin lesions ; Chromogranin-A ; veterinarian ; behaviour ; lactate ; tail injury ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Music from Both Sides (2022)
    ZRC SAZU, Založba ZRC
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Matija (Matt) Arko, known to family and friends as Hojer (Hoyer), was born in Slovenia. He emigrated to the States as a teenager, bringing alongside his love for music and the accordion. Music became an important part of his life and his Hoyer instrumental trio became extremely popular amongst Slovenians as well as emigrants of other nationalities. By mixing elements of Slovenian traditional music and various popular American genres of the time, he created the foundations of the polka music, the appeal of which crossed ethnic boundaries and later on achieved general popularity. Most of Matija Arko’s tunes have been recorded on gramophone records, which give us insight into his musical activities and the history of Slovenian music in the USA. Very little is known in his homeland about Matija Arko, known in the States as Matt Hoyer, and his musical endeavours. This publication is English translation of the Slovenian edition, aims to shed light on his activities and music.
    Keywords: Arko, Matija ; emigrants ; ethnomusicology ; folk music ; folk songs ; gramophone records ; Hoyer trio ; Slovenian emigrants ; Slovenian music ; United States of America ; USA ; etnomuzikologija ; gramofonske plošče ; izseljenci ; ljudska glasba ; ljudske pesmi ; slovenska glasba ; slovenski izseljenci ; ZDA ; Združene države Amerike ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DX Southeast Europe::1DXV Slovenia ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1K The Americas::1KB North America (USA and Canada)::1KBB United States of America, USA ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVL Music: styles and genres::AVLT Traditional and folk music ; thema EDItEUR::6 Style qualifiers::6F Styles (F)::6FD Folk, Folkloric styles ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music::AVX Music recording and reproduction
    Language: English
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    Up in Arms: Gun Imaginaries in Texas (2023)
    Brill
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: Up in Arms provides an illustrative and timely window onto the ways in which guns shape people’s lives and social relations in Texas. With a long history of myth, lore, and imaginaries attached to gun carrying, the Lone Star State exemplifies how various groups of people at different historical moments make sense of gun culture in light of legislation, political agendas, and community building. Beyond gun rights, restrictions, or the actual functions of firearms, the book demonstrates how the gun question itself becomes loaded with symbolic firepower, making or breaking assumptions about identities, behavior, and belief systems. Contributors include: Benita Heiskanen, Albion M. Butters, Pekka M. Kolehmainen, Laura Hernández-Ehrisman, Lotta Kähkönen, Mila Seppälä, and Juha A. Vuori.
    Keywords: activism ; America ; American ; American West ; behavior ; belief system ; belief systems ; campus carry ; class ; community ; conflict ; contemporary ; cultural ; culture ; culture war ; culture wars ; debate ; education ; Europe ; fetishism ; firearms ; firearm ; firepower ; frontier mythology ; gender ; gun ; guns ; historical ; history ; identities ; identity ; imaginaries ; imaginary ; insecurity ; legislation ; Lone Star State ; lore ; memory ; movement ; movements ; myth ; North America ; Paryz ; Paryż ; performative ; political ; politics ; popular culture ; power ; race ; relations ; religion ; restriction ; rights ; security ; social power ; Texas ; USA ; urban ; youth ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJK History of the Americas ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFE Violence in society ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPR Regional government::JPRB Regional government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WS Sports & outdoor recreation::WSX Field sports: fishing, hunting, shooting::WSXS Small firearms, guns & other equipment
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    E-Cigarettes and the Comparative Politics of Harm Reduction (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book offers the first in-depth study of the history and current debates surrounding electronic cigarettes comparing the UK, US and Australia. Since their introduction, e-cigarettes have been the subject of much public, media and regulatory attention, with discussion centring on whether these devices encourage or discourage smoking. This study delves into the history of policymaking and institutions in three countries which have taken different approaches to the regulation of e-cigarettes. In the UK, the tradition of harm reduction through nicotine has helped form a response which has endorsed e-cigarettes, though not without considerable controversy. In contrast, the US has a cessation-only anti-tobacco agenda, and Australia has effectively banned e-cigarettes. This book argues that each country frames the long-term use of nicotine differently and prioritises the health of different groups within the population of smokers or non-smokers, set against a broad backdrop of national responses to addiction. By taking this comparative approach, the authors explore the relationship between history, evidence and policy in public health more widely.
    Keywords: e-cigarettes ; Vaping ; Tobacco ; USA ; Australia ; UK ; Anti-tobacco ; Nicotine ; Harm reduction ; Public health ; Smoker ; Smoking ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Language: English
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    Zeitschrift für Geophysik 06 (2019)
    Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig
    In:  SUB Göttingen | 8 GEOGR PHYS 203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dieser Band enthält 77 Beiträge zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, des magnetischen und elektrischen Felds der Erde, der Physik der Atmosphäre sowie der Angewandten Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in den Jahren 1930.
    Description: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Ein neuer Vierpendelapparat für relative Schweremessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Messungen unter Tage〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O., Wolf, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Die ersten Dickenmessungen des grönländischen Inlandeises〈/a〉〈br〉(Sorge, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Die seismische Bodenunruhe in Hamburg und ihr Zusammenhang mit der Brandung〈/a〉〈br〉(Mendel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Die sonnenbelichteten Nordlichtstrahlen und die Konstitution der höheren Atmosphärenschichten〈/a〉〈br〉(Vegard, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0013.pdf"〉Nochmals: Zur Frage der Laufzeitkurven〈/a〉〈br〉(Gutenberg, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Erwiderung zur vorstehenden Arbeit von Herrn Prof. Gutenberg〈/a〉〈br〉(Krumbach, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu der vorstehenden Erwiderung〈/a〉〈br〉(Gutenberg, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Einfluß des Mondes auf die erdmagnetischen Elemente in Samoa〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Ein Diagramm zur Bestimmung der Differenz der Schwerestörung 〈i〉Δg〈/i〉 in zwei Beobachtungspunkten〈/a〉〈br〉(Oserezky, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Zur Ermittlung ausgedehnter Schichten verschiedener Leitfähigkeit〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Über tägliche erdmagnetische Variationen in zwei Alpentälern〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Die Wirkung der obersten Erdschicht auf die Anfangsbewegung einer Erdbebenwelle〈/a〉〈br〉(Hasegawa, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Über die Elastizität von Gesteinen〈/a〉〈br〉(Breyer, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Über den Horizontalabstand von Pendelstationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwinner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Die Belowsche Methode zur Bestimmung der Wirkung gegebener Massen auf Krümmungsgröße und Gradient, ihre Verallgemeinerung für beliebige Massenformen und ihre Anwendung auf "zweidimensionale" Massenanordnungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Harmonische Schwingungen des Untergrundes〈/a〉〈br〉(Köhler, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Fleming, I. A., Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Über die Ursache der erdmagnetischen Störung im Gebiet der Freien Stadt Danzig〈/a〉〈br〉(Haalck, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Die kontinentalen Verschiebungen von Amerika und Madagaskar〈/a〉〈br〉(Livländer, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Magnetische Vermessung einiger tertiärer Eruptivgänge und -stöcke im sächsischen Elbsandsteingebirge〈/a〉〈br〉(Schulze, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Über die Existenz einer mondentägigen Variation in den Erdströmen〈/a〉〈br〉(Egedal, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Zum Trübungsfaktor〈/a〉〈br〉(Feussner, K., Friedrichs, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Temperature changes between Torsion balance readings in the State of Texas〈/a〉〈br〉(Harris, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Über isostatische Schwereanomalien und deren Beziehung zu den totalen Anomalien〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den Ausführungen von H. Jung〈/a〉〈br〉(Ansel, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Wesensgleiche und wesensverschiedene Darstellungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Nippoldt, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Die Säkularvariation in der Rheinpfalz in den Jahren 1850 bis 1928〈/a〉〈br〉(Burmeister, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Größenverhältnis von remanentem zu induziertem Magnetismus in Gesteinen; Größe und Richtung des remanenten Magnetismus〈/a〉〈br〉(Koenigsberger, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Über eine magnetische Anomalie am Lebasee in Ostpommern〈/a〉〈br〉(Reich, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Die Ergebnisse der magnetischen Messungen in der Ostsee in den Jahren 1924 bis 1929〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Gernet-Reval, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0047.pdf"〉Erdmagnetische Messungen in Bulgarien, Mazedonien, Trazien und in der Dobrudja〈/a〉〈br〉(Popoff, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Einige Bemerkungen über erdmagnetische Messungen, welche in Feodossia ausgeführt wurden〈/a〉〈br〉(Palazzo, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Possible causes of abnormal polarizations of magnetic formations〈/a〉〈br〉(Heiland, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0050.pdf"〉Die geologische Bedeutung der Schaffung einer Isanomalenkarte der magnetischen Vertikalintensität von Deutschland〈/a〉〈br〉(Schuh, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Die innere Genauigkeit von Inklinationsmessungen mit dem Erdinduktor〈/a〉〈br〉(Venske, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Theorie einer neuen galvanischen Waage〈/a〉〈br〉(Bock, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Messungen im Luftschiff〈/a〉〈br〉(Haussmann, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Une modification de l'enregistreur à marche rapide et à petite consommation de papier de Ad. Schmidt pour l'application aux stations de l'Anneé Polaire 1932–1933〈/a〉〈br〉(la Cour, D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Was sagen uns die Parameter eines Magneten?〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0057.pdf"〉Über die Herleitung des Potentials des täglichen erdmagnetischen Variationsfeldes〈/a〉〈br〉(Egedal, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Über den Vektor der magnetischen Störungen im aperiodischen Verlauf〈/a〉〈br〉(Keränen, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Forschungsmethode über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Sonnenfleckentätigkeit und den erdmagnetischen Störungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gehlinsch, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Der Temperaturverlauf im Sandboden〈/a〉〈br〉(Süring, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Die dominierende Luftdruckwelle des strengen Winters 1928/29〈/a〉〈br〉(Weickmann, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Über einige meteorologische Begriffe〈/a〉〈br〉(Tetens, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Über die Feinstruktur des Temperaturgradienten längs Berghängen〈/a〉〈br〉(Wagner, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Das unperiodische Element im Tropenklima〈/a〉〈br〉(Knoch, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Zur Theorie der Maxwellschen Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in turbulenten Strömungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ertel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Wie tief dringen die Polarlichter in die Erdatmosphäre ein?〈/a〉〈br〉(Störmer, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Gammastrahlen an Kaliumsalzen〈/a〉〈br〉(Kolhörster, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Über die Form der Fernschallwelle〈/a〉〈br〉(Kühl, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Die Seismizität des Südantillenbogens〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0076.pdf"〉Eine neue württembergische Erdbebenwarte〈/a〉〈br〉(Kleinschmidt, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Typhusmorbidität (bzw. Typhusmortalität) und Niederschlagsschwankungen nebst einer Kritik der Brücknerschen Klimaperiode〈/a〉〈br〉(Wenzel Pollak, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Über die Abhängikeit der Schwerkraft vom Zwischenmedium〈/a〉〈br〉(Schlomka, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0080.pdf"〉On the Determination of the Lunar Atmospheric Tide〈/a〉〈br〉(Chapman, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Die Wärmeumsatz durch die Wärmestrahlung des Wasserdampfes in der Atmosphäre〈/a〉〈br〉(Albrecht, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Ein Universal-Induktionsmagnetometer〈/a〉〈br〉(Uljanin, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Der große Staubfall vom 26. bis 29. April 1928 in Südosteuropa〈/a〉〈br〉(Stenz, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0085.pdf"〉Ein neues Verfahren der luftelektrischen Raumladungsmessung〈/a〉〈br〉(Wigand, A., Schubert, J., Frankenberger, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0086.pdf"〉Kurze Erwiderung auf Vegards Bemerkungen über sonnenbelichtete Nordlichtstrahlen〈/a〉〈br〉(Störmer, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Die Invariabilität und Abstimmung von Minimumpendeln〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Bemerkung zu der Arbeit "Die Invariabilität und Abstimmung von Minimumpendeln" von E. Kohlschütter〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Erwiderung〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0091.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu der Arbeit von Herrn Dr. O. Meisser: "Ein neuer Vierpendelapparat für relative Schweremessungen"〈/a〉〈br〉(Heiland, C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den vorstehenden Ausführungen von Herrn Prof. Dr. C. A. Heiland〈/a〉〈br〉(Meisser, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0093.pdf"〉Das Epizentrum des südatlantischen Großbebens vom 27. Juni 1929〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0094.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen auf dem Pasterzegletscher. I〈/a〉〈br〉(Brockamp, B., Mothes, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0096.pdf"〉Bericht über die neunte Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft vom 11. bis 14. September 1930 in Potsdam〈/a〉〈br〉(Mügge, Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0097.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0098.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0099.pdf"〉Literaturverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0100.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0101.pdf"〉Register der Geophysikalischen Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0006/LOG_0102.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Oktober 1930〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉
    Description: research
    Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 550 ; Geophysik ; Physische Geografie ; Atmosphäre ; Aurora ; Deutschland ; Erdbeben ; Geoelektrik ; Geologie ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravimetrie ; Gravitation ; Ionosphäre ; Magnetismus ; Pendel ; Seismik ; Tiden ; USA ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English , French
    Type: anthology_digi
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Structure and seismogenic properties of the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone revealed by local earthquake traveltime tomography (2012)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: On 12 September 2007, an Mw 8.4 earthquake occurred within the southern section of the Mentawai segment of the Sumatra subduction zone, where the subduction thrust had previously ruptured in 1833 and 1797. Traveltime data obtained from a temporary local seismic network, deployed between December 2007 and October 2008 to record the aftershocks of the 2007 event, was used to determine two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) velocity models of the Mentawai segment. The seismicity distribution reveals significant activity along the subduction interface and within two clusters in the overriding plate either side of the forearc basin. The downgoing slab is clearly distinguished by a dipping region of high Vp (8.0 km/s), which can be a traced to ∼50 km depth, with an increased Vp/Vs ratio (1.75 to 1.90) beneath the islands and the western side of the forearc basin, suggesting hydrated oceanic crust. Above the slab, a shallow continental Moho of less than 30 km depth can be inferred, suggesting that the intersection of the continental mantle with the subducting slab is much shallower than the downdip limit of the seismogenic zone despite localized serpentinization being present at the toe of the mantle wedge. The outer arc islands are characterized by low Vp (4.5–5.8 km/s) and high Vp/Vs (greater than 2.0), suggesting that they consist of fluid saturated sediments. The very low rigidity of the outer forearc contributed to the slow rupture of the Mw 7.7 Mentawai tsunami earthquake on 25 October 2010.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Source modelling of the M5-6 Emilia-Romagna, Italy, earthquakes (May 20-29, 2012). (2013)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: On 2012 May 20 and 29, two damaging earthquakes with magnitudes Mw 6.1 and 5.9, respectively, struck the Emilia-Romagna region in the sedimentary Po Plain, Northern Italy, causing 26 fatalities, significant damage to historical buildings and substantial impact to the economy of the region. The earthquake sequence included four more aftershocks with Mw ≥ 5.0, all at shallow depths (about 7–9 km), with similar WNW–ESE striking reverse mechanism. The timeline of the sequence suggests significant static stress interaction between the largest events. We perform here a detailed source inversion, first adopting a point source approximation and considering pure double couple and full moment tensor source models. We compare different extended source inversion approaches for the two largest events, and find that the rupture occurred in both cases along a subhorizontal plane, dipping towards SSW. Directivity is well detected for the May 20 main shock, indicating that the rupture propagated unilaterally towards SE. Based on the focal mechanism solution, we further estimate the co-seismic static stress change induced by the May 20 event. By using the rate-and-state model and a Poissonian earthquake occurrence, we infer that the second largest event of May 29 was induced with a probability in the range 0.2–0.4. This suggests that the segment of fault was already prone to rupture. Finally, we estimate peak ground accelerations for the two main events as occurred separately or simultaneously. For the scenario involving hypothetical rupture areas of both main events, we estimate Mw = 6.3 and an increase of ground acceleration by 50 per cent. The approach we propose may help to quantify rapidly which regions are invested by a significant increase of the hazard, bearing the potential for large aftershocks or even a second main shock.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Structure of the seismogenic zone of the southcentral Chilean margin revealed by local earthquake traveltime tomography (2009)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We use traveltime data of local earthquakes and controlled sources observed by a large, temporary, amphibious seismic network to reveal the anatomy of the southcentral Chilean subduction zone (37–39°S) between the trench and the magmatic arc. At this location the giant 1960 earthquake (M = 9.5) nucleated and ruptured almost 1000 km of the subduction megathrust. For the three-dimensional tomographic inversion we used 17,148 P wave and 10,049 S wave arrival time readings from 439 local earthquakes and 94 shots. The resolution of the tomographic images was explored by analyzing the model resolution matrix and conducting extensive numerical tests. The downgoing lithosphere is delineated by high seismic P wave velocities. High v p/v s ratio in the subducting slab reflects hydrated oceanic crust and serpentinized uppermost oceanic mantle. The subducting oceanic crust can be traced down to a depth of 80 km, as indicated by a low velocity channel. The continental crust extends to approximately a 50-km depth near the intersection with the subducting plate. This suggests a wide contact zone between continental and oceanic crust of about 150 km, potentially supporting the development of large asperities. Eastward the crustal thickness decreases again to a minimum of about a 30-km depth. Relatively low v p/v s at the base of the forearc does not support a large-scale serpentinization of the mantle wedge. Offshore, low v p and high v p/v s reflect young, fluid-saturated sediments of forearc basins and the accretionary prism.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Dead Sea Basin Imaged by Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography (2012)
    In:  Pure and Applied Geophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In the framework of the Dead Sea Integrated Research project (DESIRE), 59 seismological stations were deployed in the region of the Dead Sea Basin. Twenty of these stations recorded data of sufficiently high quality between May and September 2007 to be used for ambient seismic noise analysis. Empirical Green’s functions are extracted from cross-correlations of long term recordings. These functions are dominated by Rayleigh waves, whose group velocities can be measured in the frequency range from 0.1 to 0.5 Hz. Analysis of positive and negative correlation lags of the Green’s functions makes it possible to identify the direction of the source of the incoming energy. Signals with frequencies higher than 0.2 Hz originate from the Mediterranean Sea, while low frequencies arrive from the direction of the Red Sea. Travel times of the extracted Rayleigh waves were measured between station pairs for different frequencies, and tomographically inverted to provide independent velocity models. Four such 2D models were computed for a set of frequencies, all corresponding to different sampling depths, and thus together giving an indication of the velocity variations in 3D extending to a depth of 10 km. The results show low velocities in the Dead Sea Basin, consistent with previous studies suggesting up to 8 km of recent sedimentary infill in the Basin. The complex structure of the western margin of the Basin is also observed, with sedimentary infill present to depths not exceeding 5 km west of the southern part of the Dead Sea. The high velocities associated with the Lisan salt diapir are also observed down to a depth of ~5 km. The reliability of the results is confirmed by checkerboard recovery tests.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    First experience with near real-time water vapor estimation in a German GPS network (2001)
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    The UNESCO-IOC framework – establishing an international early warning infrastructure in the Indian Ocean region (2010)
    In:  Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with a magnitude of 9.3, and the subsequent destructive tsunami which caused more than 225 000 fatalities in the region of the Indian Ocean, happened on 26 December 2004. Less than one month later, the United Nations (UN) World Conference on Disaster Reduction took place in Kobe, Japan to commemorate the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The importance of preparedness and awareness on regional, national and community levels with respect to natural disasters was discussed during this meeting, and resulted in the approval of the Hyogo Declaration on Disaster Reduction. Based on this declaration the UN mandated the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO (United Nations Education, Science and Cultural Organization), taking note of its over 40 years of successful coordination of the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWC), to take on the international coordination of national early-warning efforts for the Indian Ocean and to guide the process of setting up a Regional Tsunami Early Warning System for the Indian Ocean.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Interpreting climate proxies from tree-rings (2004)
    In:  The Climate in Historical Times : Towards a Synthesis of Holocene Proxy Data and Climate Models | GKSS School of Environmental Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Trees, as long living plants, are governed by environmental and/or climate changes within their habitat. Their growth rings record to a large extent the temporal dynamics of these changes either directly or through tree physiological reactions. They render the highest time resolution thus far possible for environmental or climate reconstructions of the past 10,000 years (exactly dated, annually resolved, see: [828], [994]). Trees are a substantial part of the human environment with a high socio-economic value. Their large geographical extension over various regions of the world, including those with greatest population densities but also marginal areas allows to gain unique informations about local and regional consequences of global climate change.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Yearbook Magnetic Results 2001, 2002, 2003 : Adolf Schmidt Geomagnetic Observatory Niemegk, Geomagnetic Observatory Wingst (2007)
    GeoForschungsZentrum
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    High-resolution image of the geometry and thickness of the subducting Nazca lithosphere beneath northern Chile (2011)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Results obtained from S and P receiver functions produced a clear image of the top and bottom of the subducting Nazca lithosphere beneath northern Chile. Using data from the teleseismic events recorded at 15 permanent Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) stations, we obtained new constraints on the geometry and thickness of the descending Nazca lithosphere. We observed the subducted crust of the Nazca plate at depths ranging from 50 km beneath the Coastal Cordillera down to 110 km beneath the Western Cordillera. We found significant along‐strike variations in the geometry of the Nazca plate beneath northern Chile. On closer inspection, it appears that the oceanic Nazca plate is divided into two distinct segments as it descends beneath the continental South American plate. The transition from the relatively steeper (∼23°) and deeper slab to the north of 21°S to the flatter southern segment (∼19°) is shown reasonably clearly by our data. This feature could well be associated with variations in the curvature of the plate margin and the geometry of the Chile trench, which is mainly curved to the north of 21°S. We have also mapped the continental Moho of the South American plate at depths ranging between 60 and 70 km to the east of the Longitudinal Valley. Beneath the Coastal Cordillera, this boundary becomes invisible, probably due to the serpentinization of the forearc mantle wedge that reduces the velocity in the uppermost mantle. The base of the subducted Nazca plate was clearly identified as a sharp boundary in the results obtained from the P and S receiver functions. The thickness of the subducted oceanic Nazca plate, which has an age of ∼50 My, is estimated to be ∼50 km. Although this thickness is consistent with that predicted by thermal gradients, the explanation of the sharpness of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary may require another mechanism such as hydration or melting.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    PASSEQ 2006-2008: Passive seismic experiment in Trans-European Suture Zone (2008)
    In:  Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Empirical site-specific response-spectra correction factors for the Gubbio basin (Central Italy) (2009)
    In:  Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Providing quantitative microzonation results that can be taken into account in urban land-use plans is a challenging task that requires collaborative efforts between the seismological and engineering communities. In this study, starting from the results obtained by extensive geophysical and seismological investigations, we propose and apply an approach to the Gubbio basin (Italy) that can be easily implemented for cases of moderate-to-low ground motion and that takes into account not only simple 1D, but also more complicated 3D effects. With this method, the sites inside the basin are classified by their fundamental resonance frequencies, estimated from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio applied to noise recordings (HVNSR). The correspondence between estimates of the fundamental frequency from this method and those derived from earthquake recordings was verified at several calibration sites. The amplification factors used to correct the response spectra are computed by the ratio between the response spectra at sites within the basin and the response spectra at a hard-rock site using data from two seismic transects. Empirical amplification functions are then assigned to the fundamental frequencies after applying an interpolation technique. The suitability of the estimated site-specific correction factors for response spectra was verified by computing synthetic response spectra for stations within the basin, starting from the synthetic recording at a nearby rock station, and comparing them with observed ones.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Rapid directivity detection by azimuthal spectra inversion (2011)
    In:  Journal of Seismology
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: An early detection of the presence of rupture directivity plays a major role in the correct estimation of ground motions and risks associated to the earthquake occurrence. We present here a simple method for a fast detection of rupture directivity, which may be additionally used to discriminate fault and auxiliary planes and have first estimations of important kinematic source parameters, such as rupture length and rupture time. Our method is based on the inversion of amplitude spectra from P-wave seismograms to derive the apparent duration at each station and on the successive modelling of its azimuthal behaviour. Synthetic waveforms are built assuming a spatial point source approximation, and the finite apparent duration of the spatial point source is interpreted in terms of rupture directivity. Since synthetic seismograms for a point source are calculated very quickly, the presence of directivity may be detected within few seconds, once a focal mechanism has been derived. The method is here first tested using synthetic datasets, both for linear and planar sources, and then successfully applied to recent Mw 6.2–6.8 shallow earthquakes in Peloponnese, Greece. The method is suitable for automated application and may be used to improve kinematic waveform modelling approaches.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    I-GET Integrated Geophyiscal Exploration Technologies : Final Conference ; Geophysics and Geology in Geothermal Exploration ; Conference Contributions (2009)
    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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    Characterization of microbial activity in pockmark fields of the SW-Barents Sea (2012)
    In:  Marine Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Multibeam bathymetry revealed the occurrence of numerous craterlike depressions, so-called pockmarks, on the sea floor of the Hammerfest Basin and the Loppa High, south-western Barents Sea. To investigate whether these pockmarks are related to ongoing gas seepage, microbial processes associated with methane metabolism were analyzed using geochemical, biogeochemical and microbiological techniques. Gravity cores were collected along transects crossing individual pockmarks, allowing a direct comparison between different locations inside (assumed activity center), on the rim, and outside of a pockmark (reference sites). Concentrations of hydrocarbons in the sediment, particularly methane, were measured as headspace (free) gas, and in the occluded and adsorbed gas fraction. Down to a depth of 2.6 m below sea floor (mbsf) sulfate reduction rates were quantified by radiotracer incubations. Concentrations of dissolved sulfate in the porewater were determined as well. Neither the sulfate profiles nor the gas measurements show any evidence of microbial activity or active fluid venting. Methane concentrations and sulfate reduction rates were extremely low or even below the detection limit. The results show that the observed sediment structures are most likely paleo-pockmarks, their formation probably occurred during the last deglaciation.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Rupture process of the 7 May 2001 Mw 4.2 Ekofisk induced earthquake (2011)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: On 2001 May 7, following unintentional water injection, a moderate size induced earthquake struck the Ekofisk oil field, North Sea. Despite of its relatively moderate magnitude, clear low-frequency waveforms could be recorded up to more than 2000 km epicentral distance, suggesting a slow rupture at very shallow depth and wave propagation through low-velocity shallow structures. The event poses a rare opportunity to constrain rupture velocity, duration and rise time of a superficial M 〉 4 event occurring on a horizontal plane in soft, water-saturated sediments. Two previous studies discussed the earthquake point source finding vertical dip-slip focal mechanisms with opposite senses of P and T axes. A further investigation was thus required to provide a basis for a deeper discussion of the failure dynamics. We significantly improve the used data set, test different earth models and derive a point source as well as a kinematic rupture model. We carefully discuss parameter uncertainties and effects related to shallow sources and wave propagation through different crustal structures to resolve the previous controversy. We additionally provide a kinematic rupture model, based on apparent source times derived from Rayleigh and Love waves. The waveforms resolve a predominant unilateral rupture along a horizontal plane at about 2 km depth. We derive an unusually slow rupture, consequence of a slow rupture velocity of about 500 m s –1 and a long rise time of about 7 s. An independent modelling of GPS- based static displacements allows to confirm the focal mechanism polarity and to locate the centroid at the eastern side of the field, resulting in a much larger seismic moment in comparison with dynamic seismic moment. The rupture directivity is confirmed by the relative location of the centroid with respect to the epicentre, which is set at the site of water injection.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Crustal structure of the Dead Sea Basin (DSB) from a Receiver Function Analysis (2011)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Dead Sea Transform (DST) is a major left-lateral strike-slip fault that accommodates the relative motion between the African and Arabian plates, connecting a region of extension in the Red Sea to the Taurus collision zone in Turkey over a length of about 1100 km. The Dead Sea Basin (DSB) is one of the largest basins along the DST. The DSB is a morphotectonic depression along the DST, divided into a northern and a southern sub-basin, separated by the Lisan salt diapir. We report on a receiver function study of the crust within the multidisciplinary geophysical project, DEad Sea Integrated REsearch (DESIRE), to study the crustal structure of the DSB. A temporary seismic network was operated on both sides of the DSB between 2006 October and 2008 April. The aperture of the network is approximately 60 km in the E—W direction crossing the DSB on the Lisan peninsula and about 100 km in the N—S direction. Analysis of receiver functions from the DESIRE temporary network indicates that Moho depths vary between 30 and 38 km beneath the area. These Moho depth estimates are consistent with results of near-vertical incidence and wide-angle controlled-source techniques. Receiver functions reveal an additional discontinuity in the lower crust, but only in the DSB and west of it. This leads to the conclusion that the internal crustal structure east and west of the DSB is different at the present-day. However, if the 107 km left-lateral movement along the DST is taken into account, then the region beneath the DESIRE array where no lower crustal discontinuity is observed would have lain about 18 Ma ago immediately adjacent to the region under the previous DESERT array west of the DST where no lower crustal discontinuity is recognized.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    A Geodetic Study of the 23 October 2011 Van, Turkey earthquake (2013)
    In:  Tectonophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) earthquake occurred on Sunday, October 23, 2011 with a moment magnitude of 7.2. The tectonics of this region is characterized by strike–slip faulting on the Bitlis Suture Zone, and thrusting in the Zagros fold and thrust belt. Using high-rate (1 second) GPS data from permanent GNSS stations from the CORS-TR network, co-seismic displacements of eleven stations were determined using precise point positioning during this earthquake. We used the time series of coordinate changes for fourteen CORS-TR stations, and calculated the crust movements before and after the earthquake. According to the PPP solutions computed using high frequency GPS data to determine the co-seismic motions of stations, we conclude for the Van earthquake an occurrence time of 10:41:22 (UTC). No pre-seismic horizontal movement of stations at the level more than 5 mm before the earthquake could be observed. That means that no kinematic warning or prediction before the earthquake exists. Along an east–west horizontal line north of the Van Sea with a length of about 100 km, the northern part of this line experienced extension of 0.2–1 ppm in a NW–SE direction. The southern part experienced N–S shortening of 0.5–1.5 ppm. The N–S shortening we estimated geodetically matches well with the N–S shortening and thrust focal mechanism derived independently using seismic data by the USGS. Co-seismic surface displacements derived from the GPS data are consistent with the teleseismic source model given by the USGS. The geodetic source model derived from the GPS data reproduces the same moment magnitude and centroid as the teleseismic model, but shows a higher spatial resolution of the slip distribution. We also analyzed the post-seismic surface displacements derived from the GPS data within the first two weeks after the mainshock. No reasonable slip distribution on the co-seismic fault plane could be found, indicating that the sources for the early post-seismic deformation might come from the widely scattered aftershocks.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Colorado Basin 3D structure and evolution, Argentine passive margin (2013)
    In:  Tectonophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Wireless technologies for the monitoring of strategic civil infrastructures: an ambient vibration test on the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Suspension Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey (2010)
    In:  Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Rapid improvements in telemetry technology and the general decrease in communication costs have raised a growing interest in low-cost wireless sensing units. This is especially the case for structural monitoring purposes, where they are becoming a more valuable alternative to conventional wired monitoring system. The main advantages associated with the use of wireless sensing unit include a considerable decrease in installation costs, decentralization of data analysis, and the possibility of broadening the functional capabilities by exploiting the use, at the same time and place, of different sensors. In this work, the design of a low-cost wireless sensing unit able both to collect, analyze, store, and communicate data and estimated parameters is presented. The suitability of a network of these low-cost wireless instruments for monitoring the vibration characteristics and dynamic properties of strategic civil infrastructures is validated during a ambient vibration recording field test on the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Lithosphere structure of the NE Bohemian Massif (Sudetes) - A teleseismic receiver function study (2012)
    In:  Tectonophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In 2004 and 2005 a passive seismic experiment was carried out in the northern and northeastern part of the Bohemian Massif (Sudetes) to study the lithospheric structure. We present results from Ps and Sp receiver function analyses. With one exception, Moho depth at stations in the northwestern part of the study area varies between 28 and 32 km. Thicker crust up to 35 km was mapped toward the south (Moldanubian unit) and toward the east (Moravo–Silesian and Brunovistulian units) confirming results from previous active seismic measurements. There exists a relatively sharp step in Moho depth between units of the central Sudetes (~ 30 km) and the Moravo–Silesian unit (~ 35 km). The vp/vs ratios inverted from primary and multiple Moho Ps conversions hint for different crustal compositions of the units. Toward the Carpathian thrust we have no clear indications for any crustal root or slab beneath the western Carpathians. However, our data suggests a deepening of the Moho or at least a complicated crust–mantle transition in this area. Additional Ps phases were observed between 6 and 10 s delay time in the Sudetes. These phases cannot be explained by Moho reverberations, but are most probably caused by low velocity zones in the middle crust or lithospheric mantle as shown by modeling of theoretical receiver functions. The stations showing these abnormal phases are located in the area of Permo-Carboniferous basins on probably Teplá–Barrandian crust. Therefore we assume that the phases hint at a mid-crustal low velocity zone between 16 and 20 km depth, which is interpreted as a felsic solidified magma reservoir of the Permo-Carboniferous volcanism beneath the Sudetic Basins. Sp receiver functions show phases with negative polarity at 9 to 12 s lead time on average, which we interpret as lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary at about 80 to 110 km depth.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Imaging fluid-related subduction processes beneath Central Java (Indonesia) using seismic attenuation tomography (2013)
    In:  Tectonophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We use local earthquake data observed by the amphibious, temporary seismic MERAMEX array to derive spatial variations of seismic attenuation (Qp) in the crust and upper mantle beneath Central Java. The path-averaged attenuation values (t∗) of a high quality subset of 84 local earthquakes were calculated by a spectral inversion technique. These 1929 t∗-values inverted by a least-squares tomographic inversion yield the 3D distribution of the specific attenuation (Qp). Analysis of the model resolution matrix and synthetic recovery tests were used to investigate the confidence of the Qp-model. We notice a prominent zone of increased attenuation beneath and north of the modern volcanic arc at depths down to 15 km. Most of this anomaly seems to be related to the Eocene–Miocene Kendeng Basin (mainly in the eastern part of the study area). Enhanced attenuation is also found in the upper crust in the direct vicinity of recent volcanoes pointing towards zones of partial melts, presence of fluids and increased temperatures in the middle to upper crust. The middle and lower crust seems not to be associated with strong heating and the presence of melts throughout the arc. Enhanced attenuation above the subducting slab beneath the marine forearc seems to be due to the presence of fluids.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    RMS - Rather Meaningless Simplification? (2013)
    In:  25. Schmucker-Weidelt-Kolloquium für Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: For a long time the root mean square (RMS) error has been used in the EM community: - to characterize data fit for a particular model; - as a criterion to compare several models obtained from inversion. The RMS error appears to be a natural choice since we usually tackle inverse problems in a least-squares sense. Over the years, RMS became a customary criterion and gained ultimate significance. However, on the hunt for low RMS values, one often needs to introduce subjectivity by arbitrarily adjusting error floors or masking “bad” data without referring to the assumptions behind RMS. In this contribution, we revisit basic assumptions behind RMS, demonstrate its deficiency and propose alternative ways, which may provide more insight into our data and allow a more comprehensive assessment of the quality of the modelling result/resistivity model.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Relationship between the InSAR-measured uplift, the structural framework, and the present-day stress field at Lazufre volcanic area, central Andes (2010)
    In:  Tectonophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Receiver function images of the base of the lithosphere in the Alboran Sea region (2011)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We analyse data from seismic stations surrounding the Alboran Sea between Spain and North Africa to constrain variations of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) in the region. The technique used is the receiver function technique, which uses S-to-P converted teleseismic waves at the LAB below the seismic stations. We confirm previous data suggesting a shallow (60–90 km) LAB beneath the Iberian Peninsula and we observe a similarly shallow LAB beneath the Alboran Sea where the lithosphere becomes progressively thinner towards the east. A deeper LAB (90–100 km) is observed beneath the Betics, the south of Portugal and Morocco. The structure of the LAB in the entire region does not seem to show any indication of subduction related features. We also observe good P receiver function signals from the seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 km depth which do not indicate any upper-mantle anomaly beneath the entire region. This is in agreement with the sparse seismic activity in the mantle transition zone suggesting the presence of only weak and regionally confined anomalies.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Shear wave velocity model of the Santiago de Chile basin derived from ambient noise measurements: A comparison of proxies for seismic site conditions and amplification (2010)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We determined a high-resolution 3-D S-wave velocity model for a 26 km × 12 km area in the northern part of the basin of Santiago de Chile. To reach this goal, we used microtremor recordings at 125 sites for deriving the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios that we inverted to retrieve local S-wave velocity profiles. In the inversion procedure, we used additional geological and geophysical constraints and values of the thickness of the sedimentary cover already determined by gravimetric measurements, which were found to vary substantially over short distances in the investigated area. The resulting model was derived by interpolation with a kriging technique between the single S-wave velocity profiles and shows locally good agreement with the few existing velocity profile data, but allows the entire area, as well as deeper parts of the basin, to be represented in greater detail. The wealth of available data allowed us to check if any correlation between the S-wave velocity in the uppermost 30 m (v30S) and the slope of topography, a new technique recently proposed by Wald and Allen, exists on a local scale. We observed that while one lithology might provide a greater scatter in the velocity values for the investigated area, almost no correlation between topographic gradient and calculated v30S exists, whereas a better link is found between v30S and the local geology. Finally, we compared the v30S distribution with the MSK intensities for the 1985 Valparaiso event, pointing out that high intensities are found where the expected v30S values are low and over a thick sedimentary cover. Although this evidence cannot be generalized for all possible earthquakes, it indicates the influence of site effects modifying the ground motion when earthquakes occur well outside of the Santiago basin.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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    Improved modeling of sea level patterns by incorporating self-attraction and loading (2011)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We implement the effects of gravitational self-attraction and loading (SAL) into a global baroclinic ocean circulation model and investigate effects on sea level patterns, ocean circulation, and density distributions. We compute SAL modifications as an additional force on the water masses at every time step by decomposing the field of ocean bottom pressure anomalies into spherical harmonic functions and then applying Love numbers to account for the elastic properties of the solid Earth. Considering SAL in the postprocessing turns out to be insufficient, especially in coastal waters and on subweekly time scales, where SAL modifies local sea level by around 0.6–0.8 cm on average; in the open ocean, changes mostly remain around 0.3 cm. Modifications of water velocities as well as of heat and salt distributions are modeled, yet they are small. Simple parameterizations of SAL effects currently used in a number of ocean circulation models suffer from the process's inhomogeneity in space and time. These parameterizations improve the modeled sea level patterns but fail to reproduce SAL impacts on circulation and density distributions. We therefore suggest to explicitly consider the full SAL effect in ocean circulation models, especially when investigating sea level variations faster than around 4 days.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    First seismic record for intra-arc strike-slip tectonics along the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone at the obliquely convergent plate margin of the southern Andes (2008)
    In:  Tectonophysics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A temporal seismic network recorded local seismicity along a 130 km long segment of the transpressional dextral strike-slip Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone (LOFZ) in southern Chile. Seventy five shallow crustal events with magnitudes up to M(tief)w 3.8 and depths shallower than 25 km were observed in an 11-month period mainly occurring in different clusters. Those clusters are spatially related to the LOFZ, to the volcanoes Chaitén, Michinmahuida and Corcovado, and to active faulting on secondary faults. Further activity along the LOFZ is indicated by individual events located in direct vicinity of the surface expression of the LOFZ. Focal mechanisms were calculated using deviatoric moment tensor inversion of body wave amplitude spectra which mostly yield strike-slip mechanisms indicating a NE–SW direction of the P-axis for the LOFZ at this latitude. The seismic activity reveals the present-day activity of the fault zone. The recent M(tief)w 6.2 event near Puerto Aysén, Southern Chile at 45.4°S on April 21, 2007 shows that the LOFZ is also capable of producing large magnitude earthquakes and therefore imposing significant seismic hazard to this region.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Landslides in Southern Kyrgyzstan: Understanding Tectonic Controls (2011)
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Frequent landsliding is one of the greatest natural hazards facing the inhabitants of Central Asia's Fergana Basin and the surrounding mountain ranges. Active tectonics in the region is rapidly building the Tien Shan, one of the highest mountain ranges on Earth, and the extreme topographic relief promotes frequent landslide activity, which causes major losses of life and property. In southwestern Kyrgyzstan alone, on average 10 people die and seven houses are destroyed each year in these sudden and rapidly moving landslides.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Shear-wave splitting around the Eifel hotspot: evidence for a mantle upwelling (2005)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We thank Dahlen & Nolet for the comments (DN05) on our paper (HH05). There are many points of agreement, as we think is clear from HH05, but we respectfully continue to differ in opinion on some fundamental aspects of the finite frequency sensitivity kernels known as 'banana doughnut' kernels—hereinafter BDKs, as per the original nomenclature of Dahlen et al.—and their benefit to global tomography. In contrast to DN05's summary statement, HH05's main concern about BDKs is not the effect of uncertainty in the earthquake source signature or origin time. HH05 argue that (i) the evaluation of sensitivity kernels in simple media has limitations for the interpretation of broad-band signals by means of (linearized) finite frequency tomography; (ii) finite frequency kernels are (indeed) oscillatory, but in general heterogeneity their structure will be complex and different from BD features; (iii) the resolved length scales of model variations are induced by the spectral scales present in the data, which makes the notion of 'hole' irrelevant; and (iv) with the need for 'damping' (regularization) and without a basis that matches properly the multi-scale aspects of finite frequency sensitivity, ray theory or finite frequency theory inversions are likely to yield results that are practically the same.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Exploring Structural Controls on Sumatran Earthquakes (2010)
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: A series of linked marine and land studies have recently targeted the Sumatra subduction zone, focusing on the 2004 and 2005 plate boundary earthquake ruptures in Indonesia. A collaborative research effort by scientists from the United Kingdom (UK Sumatra Consortium), Indonesia, United States, France, and Germany is focusing on imaging the crustal structure of the margin to examine controls on along-strike and updip earthquake rupture propagation. The fundamental science objective is to examine how margin architecture and properties control earthquake rupture location and propagation.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Slab-derived boron isotope signatures in arc volcanic rocks from the Central Andes and evidence for boron isotope fractionation during progressive slab dehydration (2003)
    In:  Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Late Miocene to Quaternary volcanic rocks from the frontal arc to the back-arc region of the Central Volcanic Zone in the Andes show a wide range of δ11B values (+4 to −7 ‰) and boron concentrations (6 to 60 ppm). Positive δ11B values of samples from the volcanic front indicate involvement of a 11B-enriched slab component, most likely derived from altered oceanic crust, despite the thick Andean continental lithosphere, and rule out a pure crust-mantle origin for these lavas. The δ11B values and boron concentrations in the lavas decrease with increasing depth of the Wadati-Benioff Zone. This across-arc variation in δ11B values and decreasing B/Nb ratios from the arc to the back-arc samples are attributed to the combined effects of boron-isotope fractionation during progressive dehydration in the slab and a steady decrease in slab-fluid flux toward the back arc, coupled with a relatively constant degree of crustal contamination as indicated by similar Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios in all samples. Three-component mixing calculations for slab-derived fluid, the mantle wedge and the continental crust based on B, Sr and Nd isotope data indicate that the slab-fluid component dominates the boron composition of the fertile mantle and that the primary arc magmas were contaminated by an average addition of 15 to 30% crustal material. Modeling of fluid-mineral boron-isotope fractionation as a function of temperature shows that dehydration reactions liberate continuously changing fluid compositions from the slab during progressive subduction. A combination of a boron-isotope fractionation model and a temperature model for the Central Andean subduction zone fits the across-arc variation in δ11B and we conclude that the boron-isotope composition of arc volcanic rocks, especially in island arcs, is dominated by changing δ11B-composition of boron-rich slab-fluids during progressive dehydration. Owing to the decrease in slab-derived fluid flux crustal contamination becomes more important toward the back-arc. Because of the boron-isotope fractionation effect, across-arc variations in δ11B need not necessarily reflect different mixing proportions between boron derived from the slab-fluid and the mantle wedge.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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    Three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model for post-seismic deformation of the great 1960 Chile earthquake (2004)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    KSGSoft (Kinematic/Static GPS Software) : software user manual ; version of 1998 (1998)
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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    The September 2009 Padang earthquake (2010)
    In:  Nature Geoscience
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Hengill geothermal volcanic complex (Iceland) characterized by integrated geophysical observations (2011)
    In:  Geothermics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Structural features of volcanic and hydrothermal systems can be used to infer the location of magma chambers or productive geothermal areas. The Hengill volcanic triple-junction complex has a well-developed geothermal system, which is being exploited to extract hot fluids that are used for electrical power and heat production. In the framework of the I-GET project, a 4-month temporary seismological network including seven high-dynamic broadband instruments was deployed and 1D transient electromagnetic soundings (TEM) and 3D magnetotelluric (MT) surveys were performed to improve the understanding of the relationships between structural features, seismic activity and fluid production at the Hengill geothermal system. The MT and TEM data set are analysed elsewhere. The analysis of the seismological data set allowed the detection and classification of more than 600 earthquakes, among which long-period (LP) earthquakes were observed for the first time in this area. This work focuses first on a joint inversion for the 3D velocity structure and determination of the locations of the hypocentres from about 250 local volcano-tectonic earthquakes with clear P- and S-wave arrival times. The results confirm those from earlier tomography studies in this area. Integrating the seismic velocity and resistivity models in a semi-quantitative approach by cross-plotting the resistivity model with the velocity ratio VP/VS delineates a structural body with a high seismic velocity ratio and low resistivity that is interpreted as the main heat source of the geothermal system.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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    Seismic monitoring of the Indian Ocean Tsunami (2005)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of Mw 9.3 triggered a massive tsunami in the Indian Ocean. We here report on observations of the Indian Ocean tsunami at broadband seismic stations located on islands in the area. The tsunami induces long-period (〉1000 s) signals on the horizontal components of the sensor. Frequency-time analysis shows that the long-period signals cannot be due to seismic surface waves, but that it arrives at the expected time of the tsunami. The waveforms are well correlated to tide gauge observations at a location where both observations are available. To explain the signals we favour tilt due to coastal loading but we cannot at the present stage exclude gravitational effects. The density of broadband stations is expected to increase rapidly in the effort of building an earthquake monitoring system. They may unexpectedly become useful tsunami detectors as well.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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    Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps of Tibet and the surrounding regions from ambient seismic noise tomography (2010)
    In:  Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Ambient noise tomography is applied to the significant data resources now available across Tibet and surrounding regions to produce Rayleigh wave phase speed maps at periods between 6 and 50 s. Data resources include the permanent Federation of Digital Seismographic Networks, five temporary U.S. Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) experiments in and around Tibet, and Chinese provincial networks surrounding Tibet from 2003 to 2009, totaling ∼600 stations and ∼150,000 interstation paths. With such a heterogeneous data set, data quality control is of utmost importance. We apply conservative data quality control criteria to accept between ∼5000 and ∼45,000 measurements as a function of period, which produce a lateral resolution between 100 and 200 km across most of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions to the east. Misfits to the accepted measurements among PASSCAL stations and among Chinese stations are similar, with a standard deviation of ∼1.7 s, which indicates that the final dispersion measurements from Chinese and PASSCAL stations are of similar quality. Phase velocities across the Tibetan Plateau are lower, on average, than those in the surrounding nonbasin regions. Phase velocities in northern Tibet are lower than those in southern Tibet, perhaps implying different spatial and temporal variations in the way the high elevations of the plateau are created and maintained. At short periods (〈20 s), very low phase velocities are imaged in the major basins, including the Tarim, Qaidam, Junggar, and Sichuan basins, and in the Ordos Block. At intermediate and long periods (〉20 s), very high velocities are imaged in the Tarim Basin, the Ordos Block, and the Sichuan Basin. These phase velocity dispersion maps provide information needed to construct a 3-D shear velocity model of the crust across the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    A deep crustal fluid channel into the San Andreas Fault system near Parkfield, California (2008)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Magnetotelluric (MT) data from 66 sites along a 45-km-long profile across the San Andreas Fault (SAF) were inverted to obtain the 2-D electrical resistivity structure of the crust near the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The most intriguing feature of the resistivity model is a steeply dipping upper crustal high-conductivity zone flanking the seismically defined SAF to the NE, that widens into the lower crust and appears to be connected to a broad conductivity anomaly in the upper mantle. Hypothesis tests of the inversion model suggest that upper and lower crustal and upper-mantle anomalies may be interconnected.We speculate that the high conductivities are caused by fluids and may represent a deep-rooted channel for crustal and/or mantle fluid ascent. Based on the chemical analysis of well waters, it was previously suggested that fluids can enter the brittle regime of the SAF system from the lower crust and mantle. At high pressures, these fluids can contribute to fault-weakening at seismogenic depths. These geochemical studies predicted the existence of a deep fluid source and a permeable pathway through the crust. Our resistivity model images a conductive pathway, which penetrates the entire crust, in agreement with the geochemical interpretation. However, the resistivity model also shows that the upper crustal branch of the high-conductivity zone is locatedNEof the seismically defined SAF, suggesting that the SAF does not itself act as a major fluid pathway. This interpretation is supported by both, the location of the upper crustal highconductivity zone and recent studies within the SAFOD main hole, which indicate that pore pressures within the core of the SAF zone are not anomalously high, that mantle-derived fluids are minor constituents to the fault-zone fluid composition and that both the volume of mantle fluids and the fluid pressure increase to the NE of the SAF.We further infer from the MT model that the resistive Salinian block basement to the SW of the SAFOD represents an isolated body, being 5–8 km wide and reaching to depths 〉7 km, in agreement with aeromagnetic data. This body is separated from a massive block of Salinian crust farther to the SW. The NE terminus of resistive Salinian crust has a spatial relationship with a near-vertical zone of increased seismic reflectivity ∼15 km SW of the SAF and likely represents a deep-reaching fault zone.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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    Anomalous high amplitude ratios of P5KP/PKPab and P4KP/P(S)cP observed globally around 1 Hz (2013)
    In:  Journal of Seismology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Amplitude ratio of 30 short-period conspicuous P5KP and PKPab phases from five intermediate depth or deep events in Fiji-Tonga recorded at European stations around 150° distance shows a mean value two to three times the ratio of the synthetic amplitudes obtained by the normal-mode theory (and ak135 model) or by full-wave theory (and PREM). There is a large variance in the results, also observed in five amplitude ratios from one event in Argentina observed at temporary stations in China around 156°. Global recordings of three major deep earthquakes in Fiji, Bonin, and Western Brazil observed at ASAR, WRA, and ZRNK arrays, at 59 North America stations and at six South Pole stations displayed conspicuous P4KP and PcP (or ScP) phases. The amplitude ratio values of P4KP vs P(S)cP are sometimes almost one order of magnitude larger than the corresponding values of the synthetics. In both cases, arrival times and slowness values (corrected for ellipticity and station elevation) at the distances up to 23° beyond the A cutoff point predicted by ray theory match both the synthetics, suggesting the observations are the AB branch of PmKP (m = 4, 5) around 1 Hz. In disagreement to ray theory, no reliable BC branch is observed neither on the recordings nor on the normal-mode synthetics. The high amplitude ratio values cannot be explained by realistic perturbations of the velocity or attenuation values of the global models in the proximity of the core-to-mantle boundary (CMB). We speculate that the focusing effects and/or strong scattering most likely associated to some anomalous velocity areas of the lowermost mantle are responsible for that. The results suggest limitations of the previous evaluations of the short-period attenuation in the outer core from PmKP amplitudes (m ≥ 3), irrespective of the fact that they are obtained by using ray theory, normal-mode or full-wave synthetics. Attempts to use PmKP arrival times in order to refine velocity structure in the proximity of CMB should be also regarded with care if the propagation times have been computed with ray theory.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Ambient-noise tomography of north Tibet limits geological terrane signature to upper-middle crust (2013)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The territory of Lithuania and adjacent areas of the East European Craton have always been considered a region of low seismicity. Two recent earthquakes with magnitudes of more than 5 in the Kaliningrad District (Russian Federation) on 21 September 2004 motivated re-evaluation of the seismic hazard in Lithuania and adjacent territories. A new opportunity to study seismicity in the region is provided by the PASSEQ (Pasive Seismic Experiment) project that aimed to study the lithosphere–asthenosphere structure around the Trans-European Suture Zone. Twenty-six seismic stations of the PASSEQ temporary seismic array were installed in the territory of Lithuania. The stations recorded a number of local and regional seismic events originating from Lithuania and adjacent areas. This data can be used to answer the question of whether there exist seismically active tectonic zones in Lithuania that could be potentially hazardous for critical industrial facilities. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to find any natural tectonic seismic events in Lithuania and to obtain more general view of seismicity in the region. In order to do this, we make a manual review of the continuous data recorded by the PASSEQ seismic stations in Lithuania. From the good quality data, we select and relocate 45 local seismic events using the well-known LocSAT and VELEST location algortithms. In order to discriminate between possible natural events, underwater explosions and on-shore blasts, we analyse spatial distribution of epicenters and temporal distribution of origin times and perform both visual analysis of waveforms and spectral analysis of recordings. We show that the relocated seismic events can be grouped into five clusters (groups) according to their epicenter coordinates and origin and that several seismic events might be of tectonic origin. We also show that several events from the off-shore region in the Baltic Sea (at the coasts of the Kaliningrad District of the Russian Federation) are non-volcanic tremors, although the origin of these tremor-type events is not clear.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    A receiver function study of the northwest pacific subduction zone and the hawaiian mantle plume (2000)
    GeoForschungsZentrum
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Seismological models of upper mantle structure provide important constraints on the Earth"s convection system. Resolving the details of the upper mantle discontinuities is important for modelling the composition of the mantle and for understanding the effect that the discontinuities may have on mantle convection. Recently, numerous permanent and temporary seismic stations and networks have been set up around the world. It is possible to get the seismic records for the research needs from data management systems like IRIS, GEOFON, GEOSCOPE, FREESIA, etc. The use of seismograms collected from a large number of stations and earthquakes around the world enable us to study the global and the regional structure of the Earth. In this work, the receiver function technique (e.g. Owens et. Al., 1995) is applied to study the upper mantle structure in the northwest Pacific subduction zone and in the Hawaiian hotspot area. In the northwest Pacific, the Pacific plate is subducted into the upper mantle to more than 600 km depth, indicated by seismicity. In Hawaii, the volcanic edifice of the Hawaiian Islands and seamounts are believed to result from the passage of the oceanic lithosphere over a stationary mantle hotspot (Wilson, 1963; Morgan, 1971; Morgan et. al., 1995). In both regions the upper mantle structure is affected by the cold and warm materials, respectively. To study the extension of the temperature anomaly is important for understanding the Earth"s convection system. The olivine component of the mantle material is intensively studied in laboratories (e.g. Ito and Takahashi, 1989; Irifune, 1987). With increasing temperature and pressure, the olivine crystal undergoes a series of phase transformations which will result in a variation of the seismic structure. The effect of the temperature anomaly on the main upper mantle discontinuities will be discussed in chapter 2. Recently, the receiver function technique is increasingly applied to investigate the upper mantle discontinuities. To isolate the upper mantle conversion phases, newly developed moveout correction and migration methods are applied to separately distributed seismic stations as well as station arrays. The receiver function method used in this study will be introduced in chapter 3. In chapter 4 and 5, receiver function studies in the area of the northwest Pacific subduction zone and the Hawaiian mantle plume are presented. Regional tectonic background and the previous seismological works in these two areas will be first introduced in each chapter, and followed by description of data, processing steps, results and interpretations. In chapter 6, I will summarize the observations of the 410 and 660 topography in the northwest Pacific subduction zone and in the area around the Hawaiian mantle plume.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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    Rejuvenation of the lithosphere by the Hawaiian plume (2004)
    In:  Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The volcanism responsible for creating the chain of the Hawaiian islands and seamounts is believed to mark the passage of the oceanic lithosphere over a mantle plume1,2. In this picture hot material rises from great depth within a fixed narrow conduit to the surface, penetrating the moving lithosphere3. Although a number of models describe possible plume–lithosphere interactions4, seismic imaging techniques have not had sufficient resolution to distinguish between them. Here we apply the S-wave ‘receiver function’ technique to data of three permanent seismic broadband stations on the Hawaiian islands, to map the thickness of the underlying lithosphere. We find that under Big Island the lithosphere is 100–110 km thick, as expected for an oceanic plate 90–100 million years old that is not modified by a plume. But the lithosphere thins gradually along the island chain to about 50–60 km below Kauai. The width of the thinning is about 300 km. In this zone, well within the larger-scale topographic swell, we infer that the rejuvenation model5 (where the plume thins the lithosphere) is operative; however, the largerscale topographic swell is probably supported dynamically.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Short-scale variations of shear-wave splitting across the Dead Sea basin: Evidence for the offects of sedimentary fill (2011)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We examine shear-wave splitting of SKS waveforms collected by a temporary array of 68 stations in the region of the Dead Sea basin. The observed splitting parameters exhibit systematic variations along a dense, EW-trending 60 km profile across the basin. The delay times vary significantly between 1.0 and 2.8 seconds with smaller values in the very center of the profile. The fast polarizations are oriented more-or-less parallel to the strike of the Dead Sea transform fault and vary between −10 and 20 degrees with respect to North. Finite-frequency waveform modeling reveals that the source-region of the small-scale lateral variations is likely located within the crust. The modeling further shows that purely isotropic velocity variations affect shear-wave splitting: To a large degree, the observed variations of splitting parameters can be explained by the sedimentary fill of the basin and its low isotropic seismic velocities, whereas the mantle is uniformly anisotropic. Our study indicates that precaution must be taken when interpreting short-scale lateral variations of shear wave splitting in terms of anisotropic structures in the crust or upper mantle.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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    Size and structure of molecular clusters in supercritical water (1999)
    In:  Journal of Structural Chemistry
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Improvement in Global Gravity Field Recovery Using GFZ-1 Satellite Laser Tracking Data (1999)
    In:  Journal of Geodesy
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    The 1995 GFZ High Resolution Gravity Model (1996)
    In:  Global Gravity Field and Its Temporal Variations | International Association of Geodesy Symposia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In sequence of the GFZ93 high resolution gravity models (Gruber Th., et al, 1993) a new model, named GFZ95A, which is complete to degree and order 360 of a spherical harmonic series was computed. The model is based on new data sets, which were collected during the last months. This new data promises a major step towards a more precise high resolution gravity model. Especially from new available data over CIS (Community of Independent States) major progress can be expected with respect to the former models, which were based on predicted data in this area.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Spatio-temporal Microseismicity Clustering in the Cretan region (2006)
    In:  Tectonophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Teleseismic tomography of the southern Puna plateau in Argentina and adjacent regions (2013)
    In:  Tectonophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We performed a teleseismic P wave tomography study using seismic events at both teleseismic and regional distances, recorded by a temporary seismic array in the Argentine Puna Plateau and adjacent regions. The tomographic images show the presence of a number of positive and negative anomalies in a depth range of 20–300 km beneath the array. The most prominent of these anomalies corresponds to a low-velocity body, located in the crust, most clearly seen in the center of the array (27°S, 67°W) between the Cerro Peinado volcano, the Cerro Blanco caldera and the Farallon Negro in the east. This anomaly (southern Puna Magmatic Body) extends from the northern most part of the array and follows the line with the highest density of stations towards the south where it becomes smaller. It is flanked by high velocities on the west and the east respectively. On the west, the high velocities might be related to the subducted Nazca plate. On the northeast the high velocity block coincides with the position of the Hombre Muerto basin in the crust and could be indicating an area of lithospheric delamination where we detected a high velocity block at 100 km depth on the eastern border of the Puna plateau, north of Galan. This block might be related to a delamination event in an area with a thick crust of Paleozoic metamorphic rocks at the border between Puna and Eastern Cordillera. In the center of the array the Southern Puna magmatic body is also flanked by high velocities but the most prominent region is located on the east and is interpreted as part of the Sierras Pampeanas lithosphere with high velocities. The position of the Sierras Pampeanas geological province is key in this area as it appears to limit the extension of the plateau towards the south.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Melt infiltration of the lower lithosphere beneath the Tanzania craton and the Albertine rift inferred from S receiver functions (2012)
    In:  Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The transition between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere is subject to numerous contemporary studies as its nature is still poorly understood. The thickest lithosphere is associated with old cratons and platforms and it has been shown that seismic investigations may fail to image the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in these areas. Instead, several recent studies have proposed a mid-lithospheric discontinuity of unknown origin existing under several cratons. In this study we investigate the Tanzania craton in East Africa which is enclosed by the eastern and western branches of the East African Rift System. We present evidence from S receiver functions for two consecutive discontinuities at depths of 50–100 km and 140–200 km, which correspond to significant S wave velocity reductions under the Tanzania craton and the Albert and Edward rift segments. By comparison with synthetic waveforms we show that the lower discontinuity coincides with the LAB exhibiting velocity reductions of 6–9%. The shallower interface reveals a velocity drop that varies from 12% beneath the craton to 24% below the Albert-Edward rift. It is interpreted as an infiltration front marking the upper boundary of altered lithosphere due to ascending asthenospheric melts. This is corroborated by computing S velocity variations based on xenolith samples which exhibit a dense system of crystallized veins acting as pathways of the infiltrating melt. Mineral assemblages in these veins are rich in phlogopite and pyroxenite which can explain the reduced shear wave velocities. Melt infiltration represents a suitable mechanism to form a mid-lithospheric discontinuity within cratonic lithosphere that is underlain by anomalously hot mantle.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Deep structure of the western South African passive margin - Results of a combined approach of seismic, gravity and isostatic investigations. (2009)
    In:  Tectonophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The passive margin of the South Atlantic shows typical features of a rifted volcanic continental margin, encompassing seaward dipping reflectors, continental flood basalts and high-velocity/density lower crust at the continent–ocean transition, probably emplaced during initial seafloor spreading in the Early Cretaceous. The Springbok profile offshore western South Africa is a combined transect of reflection and refraction seismic data. This paper addresses the analysis of the seismic velocity structure in combination with gravity modelling and isostatic modelling to unravel the crustal structure of the passive continental margin from different perspectives. The velocity modelling revealed a segmentation of the margin into three distinct parts of continental, transitional and oceanic crust. As observed at many volcanic margins, the lower crust is characterised by a zone of high velocities with up to 7.4 km/s. The conjunction with gravity modelling affirms the existence of this body and at the same time substantiated its high densities, found to be 3100 kg/m3. Both approaches identified the body to have a thickness of about 10 km. Yet, the gravity modelling predicted the transition between the high-density body towards less dense material farther west than initially anticipated from velocity modelling and confirmed this density gradient to be a prerequisite to reproduce the observed gravity signal. Finally, isostatic modelling was applied to predict average crustal densities if the margin was isostatically balanced. The results imply isostatic equilibrium over large parts of the profile, smaller deviations are supposed to be compensated regionally. The calculated load distribution along the profile implies that all pressures are hydrostatic beneath a depth of 45 km.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in the eastern part of the Dead Sea Basin (DSB) from S-to-P receiver functions (2013)
    In:  Arabian Journal of Geosciences
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Clear S-to-P converted waves from the crust–mantle boundary (Moho) and lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) have been observed on the eastern part of the Dead Sea Basin (DSB), and are used for the determination of the depth of the Moho and the LAB. A temporary network consisting of 18 seismic broad-band stations was operated in the DSB region as part of the DEad Sea Integrated REsearch project for 1.5 years beginning in September 2006. The obtained Moho depth (∼35 km) from S-to-P receiver functions agrees well with the results from P-to-S receiver functions and other geophysical data. The thickness of the lithosphere on the eastern part of the DSB is about 75 km. The results obtained here support and confirm previous studies, based on xenolith data, geodynamic modeling, heat flow observations, and S-to-P receiver functions. Therefore, the lithosphere on the eastern part of the DSB and along Wadi Araba has been thinned in the Late Cenozoic, following rifting and spreading of the Red Sea. The thinning of the lithosphere occurred without a concomitant change in the crustal thickness and thus an upwelling of the asthenosphere in the study area is invoked as the cause of the lithosphere thinning.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Body wave observations from cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise: A case study from the Karoo, RSA (2011)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In the past decade the analysis of seismic noise has become an efficient tool to recover the Green's function between pairs of receivers by cross-correlation of seismic traces. Most studies focus on the investigation of the surface wave component of the ambient noise. Several attempts to recover the body wave part of the Green's function have been documented. In this paper I present the results of cross-correlation of seismic noise and the retrieval of refracted and reflected P-waves along a seismic line in the Karoo region (Republic of South Africa). Body wave refractions (direct phases) and reflections have been observed in the Green's functions derived from ambient noise records of up to 60 hours. The results are compared with shot gathers from a controlled source experiment (borehole explosions), carried out along the same line. The significant potential of ambient noise analysis, especially with respect to P-wave reflections will be shown and discussed.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Rapid determination of ME for strong to great shallow earthquakes (2008)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We propose a new rapid procedure for determining the energy magnitude Me for shallow events from broadband teleseismic P-wave signals within the distance range 20°–98°. To accomplish this task, we compute spectral amplitude decay functions for different periods using numerical simulations based on the reference Earth model AK135Q. By means of these functions, we correct the spectra of the teleseismic recordings for the propagation path effects, and calculate the radiated seismic energy ES, and hence Me. We use cumulative P-wave windows for simulating a real- or near real-time procedure and test it for 61 shallow earthquakes. The results show that our approach is able to provide a rapid and reliable Me determination within 7–15 minutes after the earthquake origin time, and is therefore suitable for implementation in rapid response systems.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Seismic evidence for asthenospheric updoming beneath the western Bohemian Massif, central Europe (2006)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Detailed images of the lithosphere beneath the western Bohemian Massif were obtained by analysis of more than 8500 P receiver functions. At the intersection of Regensburg-Leipzig-Rostock zone and Eger Rift, crustal thickness decreases to 26 km from approx. 31 km in the surroundings. The receiver functions display a positive phase at about 6 s delay time and a strong negative phase at 7 to 8 s, which coincides with an area of Moho updoming, CO2 mantle-derived degassing and earthquake swarm activity. These phases can be modeled by a velocity increase at 50 km and a velocity decrease at 65 km depth. The velocity decrease, observed over an area of 5300 km2, gives evidence for local asthenospheric updoming and/or a confined body of partial melt, which might be the cause for high CO2 mantle fluid flow and earthquake swarm activity in this recently nonvolcanic, intracontinental rift area.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Deciphering biodegradation effects on light hydrocarbons in crude oils using their stable carbon isotopic composition: a case study from the Gullfaks oil field, offshore Norway (2006)
    In:  Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Compound-specific isotope analysis has become an important tool in environmental studies and is an especially powerful way to evaluate biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Here, carbon isotope ratios of light hydrocarbons were used to characterise in-reservoir biodegradation in the Gullfaks oil field, offshore Norway. Increasing biodegradation, as characterised, for example, by increasing concentration ratios of Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18, and decreasing concentrations of individual light hydrocarbons were correlated to 13C-enrichment of the light hydrocarbons. The δ13C values of C4 to C9n-alkanes increase by 7–3‰ within the six oil samples from the Brent Group of the Gullfaks oil field, slight changes (1–3‰) being observed for several branched alkanes and benzene, whereas no change (〈1‰) in δ13C occurs for cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and toluene. Application of the Rayleigh equation demonstrated high to fair correlation of concentration and isotope data of i- and n-pentane, n-hexane, and n-heptane, documenting that biodegradation in reservoirs can be described by the Rayleigh model. Using the appropriate isotope fractionation factor of n-hexane, derived from laboratory experiments, quantification of the loss of this petroleum constituent due to biodegradation is possible. Toluene, which is known to be highly susceptible to biodegradation, is not degraded within the Gullfaks oil field, implying that the local microbial community exhibits rather pronounced substrate specificities. The evaluation of combined molecular and isotopic data expands our understanding of the anaerobic degradation processes within this oil field and provides insight into the degradative capabilities of the microorganisms. Additionally, isotope analysis of unbiodegraded to slightly biodegraded crude oils from several oil fields surrounding Gullfaks illustrates the heterogeneity in isotopic composition of the light hydrocarbons due to source effects. This indicates that both source and also maturity effects have to be well constrained when using compound-specific isotope analysis for the assessment of biodegradation.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Anisotropic structure beneath central Java from local earthquake tomography (2009)
    In:  Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In this study we present the new tomographic code ANITA which provides 3-D anisotropic P and isotropic S velocity distribution based on P and S traveltimes from local seismicity. For the P anisotropic model, we determine four parameters for each parameterization cell. This represents an orthorhombic anisotropy with one predefined direction oriented vertically. Three of the parameters describe slowness variations along three horizontal orientations with azimuths of 0°, 60°, and 120°, and one is a perturbation along the vertical axis. The nonlinear iterative inversion procedure is similar to that used in the LOTOS code. We have implemented this algorithm for the updated data set of central Java, part of which was previously used for the isotropic inversion. It was obtained that the crustal and uppermost mantle velocity structure beneath central Java is strongly anisotropic with 7–10% of maximal difference between slow and fast velocity in different directions. In the forearc (area between southern coast and volcanoes), the structure of both isotropic and anisotropic structure is strongly heterogeneous. Variety of anisotropy orientations and highly contrasted velocity patterns can be explained by a complex block structure of the crust. Beneath volcanoes we observe faster velocities in vertical direction, which is probably an indicator for vertically oriented structures (channels, dykes). In the crust beneath the middle part of central Java, north to Merapi and Lawu volcanoes, we observe a large and very intense anomaly with a velocity decrease of up to 30% and 35% for P and S models, respectively. Inside this anomaly E-W orientation of fast velocity takes place, probably caused by regional extension stress regime. In a vertical section we observe faster horizontal velocities inside this anomaly that might be explained by layering of sediments and/or penetration of quasi-horizontal lenses with molten magma. In the mantle, trench parallel anisotropy is observed throughout the study area. Such anisotropy in the slab entrained corner flow may be due to presence of B-type olivine having predominant axis parallel to the shear direction, which appears in conditions of high water or/and melting content.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Long-Term Signals in the Present-Day Deformation Field of the Central and Southern Andes and Constraints on the Viscosity of the Earth's Upper Mantle (2006)
    In:  The Andes - Active Subduction Orogeny | Frontiers in Earth Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: As part of the South American Geodynamic Activities project we observed the present day deformation field in the territories of Chile and Argentina using the Global Positioning System. The results clearly show that the earthquake cycle dominates the contemporary surface deformation of the central and southern Andes. Compared to geological timescales, the transient elastic deformation related to subduction earthquakes presents a short-term signal which can be explained by interseismic, coseismic, and postseismic phases of interplate thrust earthquakes. We constructed the Andean Elastic Dislocation Model (AEDM) in order to subtract the interseismic loading from the observed velocities. The estimated parameters of the AEDM, and the amount and depth of coupling between the subducting Nazca and overriding South American Plates, represent long-term features and show that the seismogenic interface between both plates is fully locked and that the depth of coupling increases from north to south. The prominent signals in the residual velocity field (i.e. observed velocities minus AEDM) are obviously due to postseismic relaxation processes; they are visible in the area of the 1995 Mw 8.0 Antofagasta earthquake and in the area of the 1960 Mw 9.5 Valdivia earthquake. Although postseismic deformations, compared to geologic timescales, are short-term signals, those signals are valuable constraints on important long-term features of Andean evolution, i.e., the viscosity of the upper mantle and lower crust. The observed surface data are best fitted with a three-dimensional finite element model in which we incorporate a mantle viscosity of 4 × 1019 Pa s. The most obvious long-term deformation signal is manifested in the back-arc of the subduction zone where the Brazilian Shield thrusts beneath the Subandean zone. The style and amount of backarc shortening changes along strike of the orogen, increasing from zero in the south (latitude 〈 −38° S) to values in the order of 10 mm yr−1 close to the Bolivian Orocline. In the fore-arc, whilst we see indications for long-term E-W extension, we did not find any apparent slip partitioning. In addition to this long-term signal, we suggest that the asymmetry of interseismic and coseismic deformation may lead to tectonic structures in the fore-arc. If the coseismic deformation does not release all of the accumulated deformation, then, over many earthquake cycles, part of the interseismic deformation may be transformed into permanent long-term plastic deformation.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    2010 Maule earthquake slip correlates with pre-seismic locking of Andean subduction zone (2010)
    In:  Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The magnitude-8.8 Maule (Chile) earthquake of 27 February 2010 ruptured a segment of the Andean subduction zone megathrust that has been suspected to be of high seismic potential1,2,3,4,5,6. It is the largest earthquake to rupture a mature seismic gap in a subduction zone that has been monitored with a dense space-geodetic network before the event. This provides an image of the pre-seismically locked state of the plate interface of unprecedentedly high resolution, allowing for an assessment of the spatial correlation of interseismic locking with coseismic slip. Pre-seismic locking might be used to anticipate future ruptures in many seismic gaps6,7,8,9,10,11,12, given the fundamental assumption that locking and slip are similar. This hypothesis, however, could not be tested without the occurrence of the first gap-filling earthquake. Here we show evidence that the 2010 Maule earthquake slip distribution correlates closely with the patchwork of interseismic locking distribution as derived by inversion of global positioning system (GPS) observations during the previous decade. The earthquake nucleated in a region of high locking gradient and released most of the stresses accumulated in the area since the last major event in 1835. Two regions of high seismic slip (asperities) appeared to be nearly fully locked before the earthquake. Between these asperities, the rupture bridged a zone that was creeping interseismically with consistently low coseismic slip. The rupture stopped in areas that were highly locked before the earthquake but where pre-stress had been significantly reduced by overlapping twentieth-century earthquakes. Our work suggests that coseismic slip heterogeneity at the scale of single asperities should indicate the seismic potential of future great earthquakes, which thus might be anticipated by geodetic observations.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    High-resolution local earthquake tomography of the southern Dead Sea area. (2012)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Local earthquake data from a dense temporary seismological network in the southern Dead Sea area have been analysed within the project DESIRE (Dead Sea Integrated Research Project). Local earthquakes are used for the first precise image of the distribution of the P-wave velocity and the vP/vS ratios. 65 stations registered 655 local events within 18 months of observation time. A subset of 530 well-locatable events with 26 730 P- and S-arrival times was used to calculate a tomographic model for the vP and vP/vS distribution. Since the study area is at first-order 2-D, a gradual approach was chosen, which compromised a 2-D inversion followed by a 3-D inversion. The sedimentary basin fill is clearly imaged through high vP/vS ratios and low vP. The basin fill shows an asymmetric structure with average depth of 7 km at the western boundary and depth between 10 and 14 km at the eastern boundary. This asymmetry is reflected by the vertical strike-slip eastern border fault, and the normal faulting at the western boundary, caused by the transtensional deformation within the last 5 Myr. Within the basin fill the Lisan salt diapir is imaged through low vP/vS ratios, reflecting its low fluid content. The extensions were determined to 12 km in E–W and 17 km in N–S direction while its depth is 5–6 km. The thickness of the pre-basin sediments below the basin fill cannot be derived from the tomography data—it is estimated to less than 3 km from former investigations. Below the basin, down to 18 km depth very low P-wave velocities and low vP/vS ratios are observed—most likely caused by fluids from the surrounding crust or the upper mantle.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Lake Toba volcano magma chamber imaged by ambient seismic noise tomography (2010)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: For the first time, ambient noise tomography is used to clearly image the magma chamber beneath Lake Toba caldera, one of the largest Quaternary calderas on Earth. Using data from 40 seismic stations deployed between May and October 2008 around Lake Toba, empirical Green's functions are extracted from long term cross-correlations of continuous records. These functions are dominated by Rayleigh waves, whose group velocities can be measured in the period range from 2.5 to 12 seconds. Arrival times of these waves are picked for a given period and inverted using 2-D tomography to calculate lateral variations in velocity for the given period. This was done for six different periods, which all correspond to different sampling depths. Thus the six 2-D models presented together provide information on velocity variations with depth. The results show a low-velocity body coincident with the Lake Toba caldera, representing the magma chamber under the volcano. The chamber is observed to have a complex 3-D geometry, with at least two separate sub-chambers underlying the caldera. Other results include a deep low velocity body, possibly another magma chamber, south west of the lake with an upper limit of ∼7 km depth. The maximum depth to which this body reaches could not be resolved. The Sumatra Fault marks a velocity contrast, but only down to depths not greater than 5 km. The reliability of the results was further confirmed by checkerboard recovery tests.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Anisotropy across the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist zone from shear wave splitting (1999)
    In:  Tectonophysics
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: During the TOR-1 passive seismic experiment in 1996/97, a maximum of 139 temporary seismograph stations were operating over the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ) in an area extending from northern Germany through Denmark to central Sweden. One of the objectives was to study horizontal anisotropy directions in the subcrustal lithosphere and asthenosphere across the Trans-European Suture Zone. To achieve this goal,broad-band and intermediate-period (5 s) data of the TOR-1 stations and additional stations of permanent networks (GRSN, GEOFON) were analysed for splitting of SKS and SKKS phases. As a result of the relatively dense station spacing, the method offers good lateral resolution of anisotropy.Preliminary results suggest that the directions of the fast horizontal S wave velocity are affected by the STZ. In central Europe and southern Sweden, far away from the STZ, fast S wave directions are approximately E-W while they turn more northerly closer to the STZ where they are approximately parallel to the trend of the STZ. No significant shear wave splitting was observed north of 57 degr. N and east of 14 degr. E. Small delay times between 0.2 and 0.5 s observed at the northernmost TOR-1 station T40S and T60S may be controlled by anisotropy in a thickened crust. The mantle contribution of horizontal anisotropy within the STZ is probably constrained to an approximately 60-km-thick zone in the depth range between 70 and 300 km. The observations are consistent with a model where azimuthally anisotropy is not governed by present-day mantle flow in the asthenosphere, but rather is frozen into the subcrustal lithosphere during the last episode of tectonic activity.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Global plate tectonics with special regard to the European region using Lageos laser ranging data from 1983 to 1990 (1993)
    In:  Permanent Satellite Tracking Networks for Geodesy and Geodynamics | International Association of Geodesy Symposia
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The plate tectonic concept has nearly revolutionized the geo-sciences in the last decades. Many geodynamical, geophysical and geological phenomena could be understood for the first time. The investigation of the present-day global crustal kinematics is a crucial contribution which can be delivered by space geodesy only. Since the beginning of the MERIT-Campaign continuous good quality laser ranging data to LAGEOS are available. Using these data a precise estimation of present-day global-scale tectonic motion is possible. During the WEGENER/MEDLAS project the worldwide tracking network has been densified by a number of fixed and mobile stations in the southern Europe and eastern Mediterranean. Having now for a number of sites three to four occupations within four years significant site motions can be extracted. The derived motions are essential input information for deformation analyses and the interpretation of plate tectonic parameters.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Subduction Erosion - the 'Normal' mode of fore-arc material transfer along the Chilean margin ? (2006)
    In:  The Andes - Active Subduction Orogeny | Frontiers in Earth Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    S velocity structure and radial anisotropy in the Aegean region from surface wave dispersion (2008)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The lithospheric structure of the Aegean region is investigated by analysis of Rayleigh-wave fundamental mode dispersion measurements. Isotropic 1-D models for almost 100 two-station ray paths across the region display distinct variations in the Moho depth and crustal S-wave velocities. The descending slab of the subducting African plate can be resolved down to 120 km depth beneath the volcanic arc. Three different regions are distinguished in terms of Moho depth: (1) The forearc, with large crustal thicknesses between 38 and 48 km and an average of 43 km, (2) the northern Aegean, with an average Moho depth of 28 km and (3) the southern Aegean (central volcanic arc, i.e. Cyclades, and Sea of Crete) with an even thinner crust of around 25 km. Lateral variations in structure between 25 and 55 km depth indicate a marked difference between the western and eastern forearc, collocated with pronounced changes in trench and slab geometry as well as published deformation rates. S velocities between 25 and 55 km depth are low everywhere beneath the forearc but increase from the Peleponnesus to Crete. An abrupt change occurs between western and central Crete in terms of the visibility of the Aegean Moho and the seismic structure of the lithospheric mantle wedge: An Aegean mantle wedge with S velocities above 4.4 km s−1 is only observed to the east of central Crete, whereas to the west velocities of less than 4.0 km s−1 occur down to the plate contact. These low velocities above the slab may indicate the presence of a melange of metamorphic rocks at the depths. A low-velocity asthenospheric layer is observed beneath the Sea of Crete and the Cyclades below 40 km depth, between the thinned lithosphere above and the slab below. The observed radial anisotropy in the northern part of the Aegean is likely to be due to preferred orientation of anisotropic minerals within the lower crust, possibly caused by lateral ductile flow associated with recent lithospheric extension.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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    Microseismicity at the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara offshore Istanbul, NW Turkey (2009)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) below the Sea of Marmara forms a “seismic gap” where a major earthquake is expected to occur in the near future. This segment of the fault lies between the 1912 Ganos and 1999 İzmit ruptures and is the only NAFZ segment that has not ruptured since 1766. To monitor the microseismic activity at the main fault branch offshore of Istanbul below the Çınarcık Basin, a permanent seismic array (PIRES) was installed on the two outermost Prince Islands, Yassiada and Sivriada, at a few kilometers distance to the fault. In addition, a temporary network of ocean bottom seismometers was deployed throughout the Çınarcık Basin. Slowness vectors are determined combining waveform cross correlation and P wave polarization. We jointly invert azimuth and traveltime observations for hypocenter determination and apply a bootstrap resampling technique to quantify the location precision. We observe seismicity rates of 20 events per month for M 〈 2.5 along the basin. The spatial distribution of hypocenters suggests that the two major fault branches bounding the depocenter below the Çınarcık Basin merge to one single master fault below ∼17 km depth. On the basis of a cross-correlation technique we group closely spaced earthquakes and determine composite focal mechanisms implementing recordings of surrounding permanent land stations. Fault plane solutions have a predominant right-lateral strike-slip mechanism, indicating that normal faulting along this part of the NAFZ plays a minor role. Toward the west we observe increasing components of thrust faulting. This supports the model of NW trending, dextral strike-slip motion along the northern and main branch of the NAFZ below the eastern Sea of Marmara.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    Seismicity at the convergent plate boundary offshore Crete, Greece, observed by an amphibian network (2010)
    In:  Journal of Seismology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We investigate microseismic activity at the convergent plate boundary of the Hellenic subduction zone on- and offshore south-eastern Crete with unprecedented precision using recordings from an amphibian seismic network. The network configuration consisted of up to eight ocean bottom seismometers as well as five temporary short-period and six permanent broadband stations on Crete and surrounding islands. More than 2,500 local and regional events with magnitudes up to M L = 4.5 were recorded during the time period July 2003–June 2004. The magnitude of completeness varies between 1.5 on Crete and adjacent areas and increases to 2.5 in the vicinity of the Strabo trench 100 km south of Crete. Tests with different localization schemes and velocity models showed that the best results were obtained from a probabilistic earthquake localization using a 1-D velocity model and corresponding station corrections obtained by simultaneous inversion. Most of the seismic activity is located offshore of central and eastern Crete and interpreted to be associated with the intracrustal graben system (Ptolemy and Pliny trenches). Furthermore, a significant portion of events represents interplate seismicity along the NNE-ward dipping plate interface. The concentration of seismicity along the Ptolemy and Pliny trenches extends from shallow depths down to the plate interface and indicates active movement. We propose that both trenches form transtensional structures within the Aegean plate. The Aegean continental crust between these two trenches is interpreted as a forearc sliver as it exhibits only low microseismic activity during the observation period and little or no internal deformation. Interplate seismicity between the Aegean and African plates forms a 100-km wide zone along dip from the Strabo trench in the south to the southern shore-line of Crete in the north. The seismicity at the plate contact is randomly distributed and no indications for locked zones were observed. The plate contact below and north of Crete shows no microseismic activity and seems to be decoupled. The crustal seismicity of the Aegean plate in this area is generally confined to the upper 20 km in agreement with the idea of a ductile deformation of the lower crust caused by a rapid return flow of metamorphic rocks that spread out below the forearc. In the region of the Messara half-graben at the south coast of central Crete, a southward dipping seismogenic structure is found that coalesces with the seismicity of the Ptolemy trench at a depth of about 20 km. The accretionary prism south of Crete indicated by the Mediterranean Ridge showed no seismic activity during the observation period and seems to be deforming aseismically.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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