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  • 42.65  (134)
  • Springer  (134)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 1980-1984  (88)
  • 1975-1979  (46)
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  • Springer  (134)
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 1
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    Springer
    Applied physics 11 (1976), S. 171-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mode-locked operation has been observed in a Q-switched, ruby laser using a quartz crystal as the passvie mode-locking element and a laser cavity length which is a whole fraction of that which is commensurate in mode-frequency spacing with the lowfrequency stimulated Brillouin scattering (lf S BS) in the crystal element. In addition, high-bit-rate operation has been observed, suggesting that the passive modulation of the lf S BS process is sufficiently strong to maintain a fixed-phase relation between several neighboring oscillating modes of the laser.
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  • 2
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 155-159 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 71.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report for the first time stimulated magneto-Raman scattering inp-type InSb. Two different Raman scattering processes were observed. The first one has a Raman shift of about 2cm−1/kG and is observed at magnetic fields up to 30kG. The other one is observable only at high magnetic fields above 30kG and shows Raman shifts between 1.2cm−1 and 3.0cm−1 with a tuning rate of about 0.2cm−1/kG. The first process can be interpreted either as spin-flip Raman scattering by photo-excited electrons in the conduction band or as Raman scattering by holes in the valence band involving transitions from heavy to light hole states. The other Raman shift observed seems to occur on account of transitions between the heavy hole ladders.
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  • 3
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 65-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied experimentally self-focusing of light in the liquid crystalline mediump-ethoxybenzyldine-p-butylaniline (EBBA). By variation of temperature, the response time of the field-induced refractive index was adjusted from larger than to smaller than theQ-switched laser pulsewidth. Accordingly, self-focusing varied from transient to quasi-steady-state. The results agree well with existing theoretical predictions and can be qualitatively understood from a simple physical description. The induced stimulated Brillouin scattering was also measured and was shown to be responsible for the limiting diameter of the self-focused beam in the present case.
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  • 4
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 209-211 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Continuous coherent radiation in a gas observed in a spacially separated standing wave fields is reported for the first time. The radiation was observed in the center of lineF 2 (2) in methane at the interaction of atoms with two standing waves separated by the distance of 3.5 cm.
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  • 5
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 439-450 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical model for the ultrashort-pulse (USP) generation by lasers with saturable absorbers is presented. The gain medium is assumed to be a two-level system whereas the absorber is described by a four-level system which is characterized by a two-stage absorption process and the pertinent relaxation times. Laser dynamical equations are developed in the rate-equation approximation and boundary conditions appropriate for an unidirectional ring cavity are established. Evolution of USP is investigated for different combinations of parameter values appropriate for solid-state laser systems by computer simulation, employing a finite difference approximation for the dynamical equations. It is shown that USP output is attainable even if the cross-section of the excited-state absorption isgreater than that of the ground-state absorption and the laser is operating just above threshold. In fact, it is found that through the participation of a strong excited-state absorption the discrimination against satellite pulses is enhanced so that single-pulse output is more achievable. Furthermore, it is proposed that single picosecond pulses may be obtainable from relatively broad initial peaks by utilizing the high pulse-selection and pulse-shortening efficiency of the absorber due to the contribution of the excited-state absorption. The applicability of the present model to singlet-triplet crossing and photoisomer formation is also discussed.
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  • 6
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    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 47-57 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Analytical results have been obtained for some aspects of polyatomic molecular interaction with resonant ir laser radiation. The following effects are investigated by use of Schrödinger's equation solution for natural multilevel models: the role of dynamic Stark effect in the transient region from molecular low levels to the quasi-continuum of highly excited vibrational levels; broadening of multiphoton transitions because of relatively fast decay into the quasi-continuum; threshold excitation property of multilevel systems with random detunings. Possible applications to constructing models for numerical calculations dealing with the molecule excitation problem are discussed.
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  • 7
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 393-400 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Stimulated Raman scattering by polaritons when employing a nonlinear crystal inside the cavity of the laser with Q-switching and locked to fundamental frequency was theoretically studied. The equations were formulated describing the dynamics of the fundamental, Stokes and polariton waves under the assumption of instant Q-switching and uniformity of radiation except in the longitudinal direction. Numerical solutions of the equations were found and analysed. We demonstrate the influence, on generation characteristics, of the most important parameters, such as the effective nonlinearity, the initial level of population inversion, the feedback of the Stokes wave and the group mismatch between a Stokes and a pump wave. Optimum generation conditions are determined. Possibilities of the method are discussed for the generation of a) giant pulses which are controllable with regard to carrier frequency and duration but are unachievable with other methods, b) Stokes pulses of very small duration and high energy having sharp trailing edges, and c) analogous polariton pulses in the middle and far infrared range. The generation using a number of polariton branches in LiNbO3 was considered as an example. Calculations are in qualitative agreement with experimental data.
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  • 8
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 423-424 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An optical arrangement for studying two-photon absorption in liquids is presented. The main feature of this new arrangement is fuller utilization of fluorescence light. This makes possible application of very low power cw laser in such experiments.
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  • 9
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 211-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Physical principles, new ways and means of creation, schemes, characteristics and features of efficient high-power tunable pulse Raman lasers, operating in the near and middle ir are reviewed. The paper includes: tunable dye and Nd lasers as pump sources; promising active media and their optimal excitation methods; optical systems for producing spatially homogeneous pumping; the physics of Raman oscillators and their practical schemes, efficient high pulse energy liquid N2 and compressed H2 Raman oscillators, covering several bands in the range between 1.4 and 9.2 μm; the physics and construction of efficient tunable Raman amplifiers-convertors, amplifying in the saturation regime of spontaneously scattered or beforehand produced and collimated external Stokes signals, obtained in the spectral range between 0.83 μm and 18 μm. Raman laser using a, so-called, broadband pump where the linewidth of pumping light is broader than the spontaneous scattering linewidth, are also discussed. Features of both amplification and oscillation regimes of such broadband pumped Raman lasers are reported, and conditions for the efficient frequency conversion are determined.
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  • 10
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    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 177-181 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied experimentally stimulated Raman scattering and 4-wave-interaction processes occuring in hydrogen gas, which is excited by a Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser. The tuning ranges of the various Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, which are generated with high efficiency, cover the spectrum from 185 to 880 nm without a gap.
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  • 11
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    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 271-274 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 64 ; 77.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature-dependent optical second-harmonic generation in thermally depoled La-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics of composition 8/65/35 and 9/65/35 has been studied. A microscopic model for the anomalous phase transition behaviour of these compounds is suggested.
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  • 12
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    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 39-41 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that when a distributed feedback dye laser is used to generate a train of picosecond pulses, the narrow lines observed in the spectrum are not longitudinal modes, but are due to the intrapulse refractive index changes caused by the heating effect of the pumping pulse.
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  • 13
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    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 247-250 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The optically induced polarization change was studied in the case of a standing elliptically polarized wave. Using a Zeeman-tuned gas laser at 3.39 μm with an internal methane cell we have demonstrated the influence of the dichroism on the nonlinear absorption signals.
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  • 14
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 35-45 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper treats the mechanical pressure of resonant light acting on a two-level system, where the degenerate magnetic sublevels are taken into account. The theory is developed with arbitrary relations between the quantization axis and the propagation and polarization of the light. Rate terms are obtained both for spontaneous and induced transitions; the requirements of incoherence put restrictions on the possible geometries of the experiment. The rate equations are restricted to motion along a light beam only; this one-dimensional case is simpler to handle. For small recoil velocities a Fokker-Planck equation is derived, and an adiabatic elimination procedure enables us to derive an equation for the velocity distribution of the total population. The assumptions and approximations are formulated and discussed.
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  • 15
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Coherent infrared radiation tunable between 1.6 and 3.2 μm was generated with a pulsed dye laser by 6s−5d 5/2 stimulated electronic Raman scattering in caesium vapour. We describe a technique using thermal dissociation to reduce the density of caesium dimers in a heat-pipe oven, which produced a factor of 7 reduction in Raman threshold. The threshold displayed a marked dependence on pump bandwidth.
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  • 16
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 283-291 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss laser cooling of a trapped ion. The problem is formulated for a harmonic trapping well and one-dimensional cooling. We carry out an adiabatic elimination and a Fokker-Planck expansion in the limit of a slowly oscillating particle. The ensuing Fokker-Planck equation is discussed and solved in certain limits. Especially the final cooling stages and ultimate width are of interest. The approach is related to earlier work and its validity is discussed.
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  • 17
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 07.65 ; 33.90
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study the optical Ramsey resonance signal of two-level molecules in three separated fields consisting of one standing wave and two traveling waves of opposite directions with each other. Their separations and phase differences are given by a corner reflector. The transition probability of a molecule that traverses the three interaction regions is calculated by using an optical Bloch vector formalism. It is then integrated over distributions of molecular velocities and positions to evaluate the signal observed with a gas cell. The result is applied to compute the optical Ramsey resonance signal in the absorption line of CH4 at 3.39 μm. Variations of the Ramsey resonance lineshape and the intensity with the gas pressure and the field intensity are obtained.
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  • 18
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32.80 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A saturation-spectroscopy experiment is performed in a three-level system in Xe I, and shows that a narrow dip occurs in the power-broadened Lorentzian response. It is due to the Zeeman splitting of common level by the earth magnetic field. Other splittings, typically larger than 0.2 the natural width, can be observed using this saturation effect. Interpretation is made on the basis of simple realistic assumptions.
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  • 19
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.80
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The travelling-wave parametric process allows the generation of intense picosecond pulses tunable between 2700 and 17,000 cm−1. Angle- and temperature tuning was investigated using LiNbO3 crystals of different cuts. Various factors determining the bandwidth of the new pulses are evaluated and experimental spectra are presented. Frequency doubling readily leads to light pulses up to 32,000 cm−1. The jitter of two parametric systems operating in parallel is less than 1 ps for pump pulses of 7 ps.
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  • 20
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 175-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We formulate a Fokker-Planck theory for the three-dimensional cooling of a trapped ion by means of a single laser beam. Both the steady state and the dynamics of the cooling are discussed, and the correlations between the vibrational modes due to the light pressure are elucidated. A few comments on the actual experiments are presented.
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  • 21
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 209-214 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical model and a numerical study of the transmission of multimode laser pulses by malachite green dye are presented. Excited state absorption is taken into account. The transmitted pulses exhibit increased intensity fluctuations moderated by the excited state absorption. Reference is made to recent experimental results.
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  • 22
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 64
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We investigated time-dependent effects related to the bistable operation of a CO2 laser with an intracavity nonlinear absorber (SF6). The response of the system to small perturbations was sensitively dependent on the operating laser line [P(12)→P(30)] of the 10.6 μm band. The narrow bistable region forP(12), due to a very narrow hysteresis loop, can be effectively utilized for optical switching, because of its pronounced sensitivity to variations in operational parameters. The maximum admissable beam blocking time (intracavity) for spontaneous return to lasing was measured forP(16), for a range of absorber pressures. This τm is related to the relaxation time of the upper level in the absorber.
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  • 23
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    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 64.60 ; 78.90 ; 81.40
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the observation and analysis of higher-order optical diffraction patterns arising from linear combinations of the primary laser-induced gratings or ripples on germanium surfaces. These higher-order surface structures presumably arise from nonlinear interactions between superimposed primary gratings with different grating wave vectors. For gratings produced by normally incident laser beams on Ge 〈111〉 surfaces, the diffraction patterns exhibit a strongly hexagonal symmetry.
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  • 24
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 349-355 
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We construct field equations and generalised Bloch equations for multiphoton processes involving the coherent interaction of a number of distinct electric fields with an arbitrary number of atomic eigenstates, and apply the equations to some physical examples. Transient stimulated hyper-Raman scattering, in the low-conversion regime and far from saturation, has been studied analytically. Assuming that the pump pulse interacts with the medium byn-photon absorption, we find expression for the intensity of the generated Stokes pulse.
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  • 25
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    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 49-56 
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    Keywords: 42.65 ; 78.20
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Four-wave mixing with two circularly polarized counter-propagating waves inducing a helical birefringence structure can be used to measure a number of material parameters of a liquid crystalline medium. Application to a cholesteric substance is particularly interesting. A resonant effect is expected when the induced helix has a pitch coinciding with the natural helical pitch of the medium towards the isotropic → cholesteric transition. Field-induced shift in the transition temperature is also expected.
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  • 26
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    Applied physics 28 (1982), S. 25-29 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 06.60.Jn ; 32.80
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    Notes: Abstract A new nonlinear correlation method which makes it possible to measure the duration of uv ultrashort pulses has been proposed. In this method the multiphoton ionization of gases is used as a nonlinear process and the ion current caused by the process is detected. We have also experimentally demonstrated its usefulness in the uv region by observing the second- and the third-order auto-correlation profiles of picosecond pulses at 2661 Å (the fourth harmonic of a mode-locked YAG laser), using NO and Xe gases, respectively.
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  • 27
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  • 28
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  • 29
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  • 30
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  • 31
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  • 32
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 255-262 
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    Notes: Abstract CARS spectra of thev 1-band of SF6 and UF6 performed under (static) cell conditions and under supersonic jet expansion have been recorded. The cooling behavior in supersonic jet expansions has been demonstrated for both gases.
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  • 33
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    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 189-193 
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    Keywords: 06.30 ; 42.65 ; 73.30
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    Notes: Abstract Frequency differences of up to 900 GHz between two laser lines near 568 nm were measured by mixing laser light and harmonics of 90 GHz microwave radiation. The Schottky point contact diodes used consisted of tungsten tips onn-GaAs bases with different degrees of doping. The formation of the contacts and the sensitivity and frequency limitations of the device are discussed.
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  • 34
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    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 51-56 
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    Notes: Abstract A theoretical study is presented of a special case of stationary energy transfer in degenerate two-wave mixing in a reflection geometry. The two interacting beams consist of a beam and its first-order internal reflection component created at the boundary of a nonlinear medium. Numerical results obtained from the computer calculations are presented as graphs. It is found that, under suitable conditions, this phenomenon can be used to eliminate the multiple internal reflections.
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  • 35
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    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 161-165 
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    Notes: Abstract Wavefront reflectivity in a conventional degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) configuration can be calculated, using either approximate formulae, or exact numerical methods to solve the nonlinear coupled-wave equations. We have computed the wavefront reflectivity for FWM in a transmission and reflection geometry, respectively, using these two different methods. A comparison between them indicates that these formulae are reasonable approximations when beam coupling, diffraction efficiency and absorption are all low, and especially in the case of transmission geometry.
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  • 36
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    Applied physics 32 (1983), S. 49-52 
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    Notes: Abstract Methods for simultaneous measurements of more than one flow velocity component using coherent Raman spectroscopy are proposed. It is demonstrated that using a kilowatt broad-band probe pulse (3–30 GHz) along with a megawatt narrow-band pump pulse (∼100 MHz), coherent Raman signal resulting from a single laser pulse is sufficient to produce a high-resolution Raman spectrum for a velocity measurement.
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  • 37
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    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 171-173 
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    Notes: Abstract Interference of resonant ninth-order and nonresonant seventh-order nonlinear polarizations in Hg atoms has been studied, and direct conversion of fundamental ir radiation into the vuv has been obtained. The interference has been observed in the form of a Fano-Boitler contour. The efficiency of generation by ninth-order processes appears to be higher than that by seventh-order.
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  • 38
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    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 59-64 
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    Notes: Abstract The observation of chaos in a hybrid optical bistable device is reported. There is no delay line in this system. An investigation of the mechanism concentrates on a somewhat simplified structure. This structure is described by a third-order differential equation with quadratic nonlinearity. Its realization as an electronic circuit is studied in detail. As we observe patterns of universal behaviour, we also comment on the relation to iterative maps.
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    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 149-153 
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    Notes: Abstract The application of the resonant light pressure created by an axially symmetrical light field for collimating atomic beams has been considered. As an example, consideration is given to the possibility of collimating an atomic beam by the light field produced by the reflection of a plane wave from the internal surface of a metal cone. It has been shown that the radiation pressure can reduce the atomic-beam transverse velocities to the value of the order of 100 cm/s which corresponds to effective temperature of about 10−3 K. A method for producing collimated beams of cold atoms based on simultaneous deceleration and collimation of atomic beams by resonant laser radiation pressure is proposed.
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    Applied physics 11 (1976), S. 363-370 
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    Notes: Abstract Tunable cw infrared radiation has been generated by noncollinear difference frequency mixing in LiIO3, using the output of an argon ion laser at 514 nm or 488 nm and the intracavity radiation of a Rhodamine 6 G dye laser. Infrared powers up to 4 μW in multimode and 0.5 μW in single-mode operation tunable in the range of 2.3 μm to 4.6 μm have been obtained. Properties and possibilities of the noncollinear mixing geometry and the intracavity mixing system are discussed.
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    Applied physics 11 (1976), S. 137-140 
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    Notes: Abstract Tunable infrared radiation was produced in the spectral range 11 μm to 23 μm by nonlinear mixing of two ruby-pumped dye lasers in proustite. A peak power of about 3 watts was observed at 19 μm. A 7o crystal angle was sufficient to achieve phase matching over the entire wavelength range. Ordinary wave absorption measurements in proustite correlate well with the observed difference frequency output, once allowance has been made for the convergence of the dye laser beams.
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  • 42
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    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 159-163 
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    Notes: Abstract Two-photon resonant four-wave mixing has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Tunable infrared radiation between 2 and 20 μm has been generated in potassium and caesium vapours. The mixing efficiency is found to be severely limited by competition with Raman scattering.
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  • 43
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 99-102 
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    Notes: Abstract Comparing the recombination light intensity produced in GaAs by a 1.06 μm pulse inducing two-photon absorption, with the intensity produced by a 0.53 μm pulse, we obtain directly the two-photon absorption cross-section. This method can be generalized to other materials.
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 219-222 
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    Notes: Abstract The paper investigates the observation of coherent radiation in separated fields for the case of two-level atoms. The coherent radiation is due to polarization transfer at large distances. The Doppler phase angle is cancelled due to a phase jump at the nonlinear interaction of the fields with the atoms. A peak in intensity with a width inversely proportion to the flight time arises at the line center.
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  • 45
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 213-218 
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    Notes: Abstract The Wiener functional expansion method for the analysis of nonlinear systems is applied to identify and analyze both nonlinear and linear molecular systems by spectroscopic methods. As the sampling filter (monochromator) of any spectroscopic apparatus may be defined by a Weber-Hermite polynomial, an analysis of the refracted or scattered light by orthogonal polynomials is easily achieved. Time averaging obtains the Weber-Hermite coefficients which permit the characterization of the molecular system with respect to the polarization of the incident and scattered light. In the case of two series of measurements made with incident and emerging light polarized in different directions: the identification of the JonesM matrices for the molecular system irradiated is possible. In the case of three series of measurements made, for example, with incident and emerging light (a) circularly polarized corotating, (b) circularly polarized contrarotating, and (c) plane polarized perpendicular: the identification of the molecular system's McClain invariants related to the vibrational symmetry group for Raman inelastic light scattering is possible. The analysis presents a unified picture of elastic and inelastic light scattering and one-photon and two-photon processes. The apparatus described would detect those instances in molecular systems for which Beer's law does not apply.
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  • 46
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    Notes: Abstract Coherent radiation at 89.6 nm has been obtained through third-harmonic conversion of the 268.8 nm pulses in mercury vapors. Tunability of the fourth-harmonic frequency of the Nd: glass laser radiation to the 6s 1 S 0–8s 1 S 0 double quantum resonance of Hg atoms has been used for the resonant enhancement of the twelfth-harmonic output. Possibility to phase match the generated radiation and driving polarisation in pure vapors without employing of bufer gas has been demonstrated.
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  • 47
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 151-154 
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    Notes: Abstract Lines of theQ-branch of vibrational rotational spectra are distinguished fromP(R)-lines by light induced anisotropy in absorbing gases. We report, for the first time, on experiments using a linearly polarized saturation beam. A CO2-laser was employed to investigate the molecule SF6.
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  • 48
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 199-201 
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    Notes: Abstract Lamb-dips have been observed in the weak calcium intercombination line by monitoring resonance fluorescence in an atomic beam excited by light of a stabilized cw dye laser inside or outside the laser cavity. A highly sensitive detection scheme is described.
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  • 49
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    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 321-329 
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    Notes: Abstract A time-sinusoidal circularly polarized plane standing wave solution is obtained for isotropic lossless dielectric media with arbitrary nonlinearity. The spatial variation of the standing wave depends on the nonlinearity and is found by solving a problem of centralforce motion in which the electric complementary energy density furnishes the potential and the spatial coordinate has the role of time. Two special nonlinear dielectric response laws-cubic and quintic-are treated, and explicit solutions for the spatial variation of the wave amplitude and phase are obtained in terms of elliptic functions and elliptic integrals, respectively. The standing-wave solution is applied to give steady state solutions of two reflection/transmission problems (a) reflection from, or resonance modes between, ideally conducting planes and (b) reflection and transmission at a plane interface between two nonlinear dielectric media.
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 163-167 
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    Notes: Abstract We solve the previously derived Fokker-Planck equations of laser cooling for several cases: no diffusion processes included, the final stage when the distribution is narrow, and for an ansatz of Gaussian shape at all times. The results are particularized to a transition (j=0)→(j=1) and the numerical values for Mg atoms are used. The results are compared with earlier work on laser cooling and discussed.
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    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 291-294 
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    Notes: Abstract Two photon excitation by a tunable dye laser is used to determine the decay kinetics of some aliphatic tertiary amines. The feasibility of obtaining laser action from trimethylamine and triethylamine by KrF laser pumping is quantitatively discussed.
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    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 287-290 
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    Notes: Abstract The cross-sections of excited-state absorption have been measured for several tertiary amines. The high values found explain the unsuccessful attempts to obtain laser action in KrF-laser pumped vapors of tertiary amines.
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 115-120 
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    Notes: Abstract A study of the 2 lowest-frequency A1 phonon modes is performed in various LiNbO3 samples using backward stimulated Raman Scattering. The measured values of the damping constant are smaller than those previously reported in literature. Moreover, the nonlinear coefficient present in the Raman Scattering intensity expression is shown to be very sensitive to the crystal composition. This composition, and the homogeneity of the sample are characterized from second harmonic generation experiments.
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 213-218 
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    Notes: Abstract We present periodic solutions, which are described in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions, for the steady state pulses from a laser system consisting of a pair of amplifiers of unequal relaxation time mode locked by a “fast” saturable absorber. The pulsewidth and the average power in the pulse are expressed interms of the system parameters through two different approaches, where detailed plots are given for one of the approaches. Summary of the characters to be possessed by the amplifier pair to ensure the reliable production of shortest possible pulses is given.
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe the construction of a monochromatic and frequency stabilized continuous wave (cw) source in the 5 μm region. It is built up by a cw single line, single-mode frequency and amplitude stabilized CO2 laser. This primary CO2 laser source is then frequency-doubled in a tellurium crystal using second harmonic generation (SHG). The obtained emission is monochromatic (half-width 50 kHz). The frequency can be varied discreetly from 4.6 μm to 5.5 μ depending on the CO2 laser line chosen.
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 11-12 
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    Notes: Abstract Experimental observation of optical Ramsey interference in saturated absorption of methane in a low-pressure gas cell with three spacially separated laser beams at 3.39 μm is reported.
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 119-120 
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    Notes: Abstract A technique of fast deep cooling of atomic or molecular buffer gases by laser radiation is proposed. With Na vapor as a cooling agent interacting with a laser field a cooling time of about 10−3s and minimum temperature of about 25K can be attained.
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    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 195-199 
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    Notes: Abstract We report on measurements of spin-flip Raman gain inn-Hg1−x Cd x Te (x=0.23, carrier density 1.0×1015cm−3) as a function of the magnetic field up to 1.6T. The measurements were carried out by a small signal gain technique at a temperature of 1.8 K. Furthermore, the measurements yield lineshapes and linewidths of the spontaneous scattering and allow a precise determination of the effectiveg-value. The highest gain observed is 0.2 cm/W. The band edge value of the effectiveg-value is −93.2 and the widths of the symmetric lines are between 18 and 120 G, depending on the magnetic field.
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    Applied physics 25 (1981), S. 31-34 
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    Notes: Abstract The decay rates of the3 D 1 level of I–II and the 3s 2 level of neon have been measured by the magnetic-field power dip method. The decay rate at the zero-pressure limit is found to be 7.1 MHz/2π for the3 D 1 level. The collision cross-section for excited I ions with helium atoms equals 0.19×10−15 cm2.
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 185-190 
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    Notes: Abstract Optical frequency mixing through nonlinear mode coupling in a planar waveguide, fabricated with a cubic or uniaxial dielectric, is discussed. A threewave interaction is examined and the optimum crystal orientations that lead to the highest efficiency are determined in those particular cases in which they do not depend on the field distribution of the modes. The analysis is carried out in detail for cubic crystals; sensitivity to misalignments is also studied and numerical results are reported.
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 83-91 
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    Notes: Abstract The space-time properties of the correlator of the light intensities scattered from resonant atoms are studied. It is shown that in measuring such a correlator by the method of optical shifts, an appreciable contribution appears from the anomalous correlator of the scattered field amplitudes. It is simple to observe this correlator in the field of a standing wave by measuring the correlation of oppositely scattered rays. The spectral and polarization properties of such a correlator are studied. Its investigation is of interest for high-resolution spectroscopy because it allows information to be obtained on the natural width of a line in conditions of strong Doppler broadening. It is important to stress that this is possible in a linear approximation with respect to the strength of the external field in contrast to the methods of laser spectroscopy based on nonlinear effects.
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    Applied physics 27 (1982), S. 115-122 
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    Notes: Abstract Theoretical and experimental data are presented on the propagation of picosecond pulses in weakly excited dye solutions. It is shown that the so called “coherence peak” of the induced dichroism observed at short delay times depends on the vibronic relaxation and the excited state absorption of the dye molecules. Interpretation of the experimental results is considerably facilitated at low excitation level. The vibrational relaxation time in theS 1 state of phenoxazone 9 was measured to be τ v =0.8±0.3 ps, 0.7±0.2 ps and 0.7±0.2 ps, respectively, for the solvents dioxane, solid polystyrene and CCl4. For rhodamine 6 G in ethanol we find τ v =0.5±0.2 ps.
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 37-42 
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    Notes: Abstract Noncollinear phase-matched nonresonant four-photon frequency mixingω p+ω p−ω L→ω s in crystals and aqueous solutions of LiCl, CsCl, KF, and KI is studied. The concentration of the aqueous solutions is varied between 0.5 mol/l and saturation. Picosecond laser pulses of a mode-locked Nd-glass laser are applied as pump pulses. The energy conversion of laser light at frequencyω L to frequencyω S is measured and the nonlinear susceptibilities χ(3) are calculated. The dependence of the hyperpolarizabilities on concentration is analysed and gives information on the solute-solvent interaction.
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 79-87 
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    Notes: Abstract By use of circularly polarized light we have exploited optical pumping within the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state to obtain optical bistability in sodium vapours with low threshold power (around 1 mW) and a wide tuning range (〉12 GHz). Experimental results are presented for different conditions of operation and compared to computer calculations, that include propagation effects and inhomogeneous broadening, based on a three-level atomic model that accounts for optical pumping.
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    Applied physics 29 (1982), S. 263-267 
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    Notes: Abstract The duration, shape, and background intensity level of pulses of a passively modelocked Nd-glass laser are determined by noncollinear phase-matched four-photon frequency mixing of time-separated fundamental and second-harmonic pulses in a KI crystal. The pulse shape is found to be slightly asymmetric with slower trailing than rising parts. The background intensity level before and behind the main pulse is about 5¢10−6 the peak pulse intensity.
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    Applied physics 30 (1983), S. 53-55 
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    Notes: Abstract The effective upconversion of CO2-laser radiation to the uv spectral range has been obtained in sodium vapors, the photon efficiency being 65%, the corresponding power efficiency being 2640%.
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    Applied physics 31 (1983), S. 191-192 
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    Notes: Abstract Phase-conjugate reflection at theP(12) CO2 line (λ=10.51 μm) has been obtained in gaseous SF6 with a power reflection, coefficient of 220% and an energy reflection coefficient of 115%.
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    Notes: Abstract Absorption recovery kinetics data on the picosecond time-scale of a high signalto-noise ratio can be obtained by using continuously operating synchronously modelocked dye lasers. We show that such data make it possible to determine multiple exponential decays with small differences in rate constants. We also show that an absolute prerequisite to accomplish this is that the measurements are performed at a number of different wavelengths, and that the decays are monitored in a time interval corresponding to several lifetimes. These considerations are demonstrated by measurements on two carbocyanine dyes, DQOCI and pinacyanol, respectively.
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    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 107-122 
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    Notes: Abstract A short review on the theoretical description of nonlinear optical phenomena which are caused by an electric polarization cubic in the electric field amplitudes is given. Then the microscopic theories for the calculation of the nonlinear susceptibility, especially in semiconductors, are briefly reported. After a short section on the bandstructure of IV–VI compounds in a magnetic field, the lineshapes of the coherent anti-Stokes radiation as a function of the magnetic field are discussed in detail. In the experimental part measurements of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) in PbTe and PbSe epitaxial films are reported. We observed pure as well as combined spin flip transitions. These data and the results of additionally observed interbandtransitions were used in least squares fits and consistent sets of bandparameters of PbTe and PbSe were obtained.
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    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 17-21 
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    Notes: Abstract Anisotropic selfdiffraction in BaTiO3 crystals utilizing the large electrooptic coefficientr 42 is described. In the absence of an external electric field the generated space charge field is determined by diffusion processes. The theory is in agreement with the experimental results. The angles between extraordinary and ordinary beams, the intensity and time dependence of transmitted and diffracted beams, and phase conjugation effects are measured and evaluated.
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    Notes: Abstract The general steady-state solution of the density matrix equations for a Doppler broadened three-level system irradiated by two resonant standing-wave laser beams of arbritrary intensity is analyzed. The solution is expressed in a matrix continued fraction form, that involves 4×4 matrices in important configurations and is convenient for numerical computations. Some representative cases including the absorption spectra for a probe laser of arbitrary intensity, the Doppler-free multiphoton resonances and the optically pumped lasers are analyzed numerically in connection with previous experimental investigations.
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    Notes: Abstract A detailed analysis is given of the properties of the algebraic equations obtained when solving directly the nonlinear coupled-wave equations for degenerate two-wave mixing in a reflection geometry. An efficient method is developed for computing the appropriate root only amongst the multiple roots of these algebraic equations.
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    Notes: Abstract Using a new seventh-order numerical method [theO(h 7) method] for solving two-point boundary value problems, numerical solutions of the first-order nonlinear coupledwave equations for degenerate two-wave and four-wave mixing in a reflection geometry have been obtained. A computer program employing the Gauss-Jordan elimination technique has also been adopted to effectively solve the resultant large, sparse and unsymmetric matrix, obtained from theO(h 7) method and the Newton-Raphson iteration method. Numerical results from the computer calculations are presented graphically. A comparison between thisO(h 7) method and the shooting method, mainly from the viewpoint of computational efficiency, is also made.
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    Applied physics 11 (1976), S. 97-101 
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    Notes: Abstract An efficient conversion of the tunable cw dye laser radiation to the UV region was achieved by intracavity SHG. The conversion efficiency depends strongly on the total cavity loss. This paper gives a survey on conventional and thermally induced loss mechanisms and discusses ways of loss reduction. A system is described that yields 50 mW and 4 mW of tunable UV radiation in multimode and single mode operation, respectively, where the wavelength can be varied from 285–315 nm.
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  • 79
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    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 271-280 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32.20 ; 42.10 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract This paper analyses effects related to the real part of the gaseous electric susceptibility in microwave-microwave and infrared-microwave double resonance experiments on two transitions with a common level. The most interesting features are obtained when the gaseous refractive index is probed far off resonance, i.e. in the tail of the dispersion characteristic and when the pump frequency is scanned around the resonance: a resonant change of the refractive index for the probe field is observed, the shape of which is that of the saturated pump line. A calculation using a model of strong collisions gives results in good agreement with the experimental ones. Applications of these phenomena to the determination of frequencies and transition matrix elements of infrared lines are discussed in the general case of lack of overlapping of the laser gain profile and of the infrared line. It is proposed to use these dispersion effects to detect Doppler-free infrared two-photon molecular absorption.
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  • 80
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    Keywords: 79.70 ; 42.65 ; 85.60
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    Notes: Abstract In a series of recent experiments, research groups have made absolute frequency measurements with laser beams in the infrared region (μm) using a metal-metal point contact diode for the generation, frequency mixing and detection. At present there are two models which attempt to explain the rectification mechanism of the diode: 1) Tunneling of electrons through an intermediate oxide film from whisker to the metal base, i.e., configuration is considered to be a metal-oxide-metal (MOM) tunneling junction. 2) Rectification and nonlinear processes are the result of a thermal enchanced field emission. Such emission is a consequence of the immersion of the whisker in the laser radiation which results in conduction induced thermionic emission and/or generation of an electric field at the tip necessary for electron tunneling by field emission. The purpose of this comment is: a) to discuss qualitatively the basic difference between MOM and TFE theories as regards the origin of the nonlinearity and rectification properties of the metal point contact junction; b) to review the analyses describing the ultimate frequency response of the device; and 3) to provide a possible explanation for polarity reversal consistent with the TFE mechanism describing the operation of the whisker diode.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract The paper presents the results obtained in investigating the lineshape of two-photon absorption in the field of two spacially separated standing waves at the 3S–4D transition of Na. Measurements were carried out by using a CW dye laser.
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  • 82
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    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 151-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55 ; 33
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    Notes: Abstract We observed tunable UV radiation down to 175 nm by SRS of the output of a frequency-doubled dye laser in H2. The high power output of the 4th anti-Stokes to 5th Stokes line generated by the frequency doubled dye laser and the 8th anti-Stokes to 3rd Stokes line generated by the undoubled dye laser represents a broadly tunable coherent radiation source between 189 nm and 2064 nm.
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  • 83
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    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 235-237 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.65
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract J-dependence of intensity-dependent polarization change of the elliptically polarized light in atomic resonance lines is studied both theoretically and experimentally.
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  • 84
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 53-62 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract The coherent interaction of short optical pulses with a nonlinear active resonant medium is calculated. The rigorous and self-consistent solution of the coupled nonlinear Maxwell-Bloch equations including transverse and time-dependent phase variations predicts the onset on an on-resonance self-focusing that agrees very well with a previous perturbation treatment and with recent experiments in sodium and neon. The formation of this dynamic self-action effect is elucidated as being due to the combined effects of diffraction and the inertial response of the active media. Accuracy and computational economy are achieved simultaneously by redistributing the computational grid points according to the physical requirements of the problem. Evenly spaced computational grids are related to variable grids in physical space by a range of stretching and rezoning techniques including adaptive rezoning where the coordinate transformation is determined by the actual physical solution.
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  • 85
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 52
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    Notes: Abstract The effect of self-focusing of a high-power light beam with an elliptical cross-section in a strongly ionised plasma has been evaluated. The mechanism of self-focusing considered is non-uniform heating of plasma by an electromagnetic wave having transverse variation of amplitude along its wave front. The heating causes redistribution of carriers which lead to a nonlinear relationship between the electron density and the electric vector and hence to a field-dependent effective dielectric constant. It is found that the beam gets focused at different focal points in different directions exhibiting the effect of astigmatism. There are several critical powers, below thex=0,y=0 planes; at higher powers one dimension focuses while the other defocusses, an oscillatory waveguide is formed in both dimensions. Above the highest critical power both dimensions self-focus, the dimensionless beam width parametersf 1 andf 2 forx andy focusing reach different minima corresponding to different self-focusing distances beyond which both dimensions continue diverging. The effect of energy loss through absorption from the beam has also been considered. It has been observed that absorption brings about a reduction in the extent of self-focusing and favours defocusing of the beam.
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  • 86
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    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 195-198 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33.20F ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract Coherent Stokes Raman spectra of the ν1 and ν3 bands of CH4 have been recorded in mixing two pulsed lasers (ruby and dye) of very good spectral and spatial quality. The results show a resolution of about 0.010 cm−1 for a 10 Torr pressure, corresponding in great part to Doppler broadening.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract The noise characteristic of available laser sources limits the sensitivity of many types of nonlinear spectroscopy. We show how to maximize the sensitivity by optimizing the strength of a local oscillator wave in a heterodyne detection scheme without altering the amplitude of the wave being detected. The intensity profile of the optimum local oscillator closely matches that of the incident probe wave, but the optimum intensity is much less than that of the probe under realistic conditions. A general signal-to-noise analysis applicable to all nonlinear spectroscopy techniques is presented along with specific applications to coherent Raman spectroscopy, two-photon absorption, saturation spectroscopy, and optical coherent transient techniques. A simple optimization procedure employing polarization selection rules is described. Detailed calculations are performed for the case of TEM00 waves interacting via a third-order nonlinear susceptibility and for the case where the sample is simultaneously probed at many different frequency combinations.
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  • 88
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    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract Wave front of a light pulse is shown to be unstable as it propagates through a resonant saturable absorber, if its frequency is higher than the resonance frequency of the absorber. When ΔωT 2∼1, a small-scale transverse instability with the dimension of (λl abs)1/2 grows rapidly. Its growth-rate is of the order of the small-signal-absorption length of the medium.
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  • 89
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    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 127-130 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract The possibility of using stimulated emission from the recombination of electron-positron pairs for obtaining coherent γ-rays is considered. The critical number of pairs needed for the process is calculated.
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  • 90
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    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 261-264 
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    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract The method of Stimulated Mandelshtam-Brillouin Scattering (SMBS) is utilized in a powerful laser to obtain better transverse beam quality by phase conjugation. The principle is explained, and the conclusions are substantiated by experimental results.
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  • 91
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    Applied physics 21 (1980), S. 173-180 
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    Keywords: 42.65 ; 07.65
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    Notes: Abstract Recent developments of tunable IR compressed-H2 and liquid-N2 Raman Lasers as well as resonantly pumped NH3 lasers are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on research carried out at the Quantum Radiophysics Laboratory of the Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow.
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  • 92
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    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 319-323 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract The suitability of a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator pumped by a one-mode field and oscillating simultaneously in several signal and idler modes, for intracavity absorption spectroscopic measurements is studied theoretically. For steadystate operation, the enhancement factor ξ indicating the increased detection sensitivity, is shown to be mainly determined by the ratio of the intensity in one of the signal modes to the intensity (per mode) due to parametric fluorescence. Hence, rather high values of ξ, say of order 108 or more, might be attainable, at least in principle. For pulsed operation, on the other hand, a numerical analysis leads to the result that for realistic pulse durations only moderate values of ξ (smaller than some 103) will be found.
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  • 93
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    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 89-93 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 52
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we have examined the filamentation instability of laser radiation in a GaAs sample in the negative differential resistivity region. A dc electric field is applied to assist the laser beam transferring electrons in the conduction band from the lower valley to upper satellite valleys, i.e. in increasing the effective mass of electrons. The instability causes the space charge perturbations in the microwave range of frequencies. The nonlinearity arises through the energy dependence of the effective mass and the ponderomotive force on the electrons. The instability has finite frequency and possesses large growth rate which is greatly influenced by the dc electric field.
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  • 94
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    Notes: Abstract The noise characteristic of available laser sources limits the sensitivity of saturated absorption spectroscopy. Time averaging is one method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. A computer controlled dye-laser spectrometer is described which has the capability to scan several times any selected frequency range with an absolute accuracy of ±200 kHz. The sensitivity of this system is demonstrated by measuring the isotope shift of the low abundant38Ar and by detecting a weak83Kr-hyperfine component.
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  • 95
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 299-302 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.30 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spatial coherence function |Γ(s)| of ruby laser pulses has been measured by self-diffraction at a laser-induced grating depending on the distances between two points in the beam profile. The spatial coherence of the laser beam was changed by operating the laser in the fundamental transverse mode, in a transverse multimode and by applying different pump powers. The degree of spatial coherence was experimentally found to be a Gaussian, as described by the Collett-Wolf model. The new method for measuring the spatial coherence function |Γ(s)| is described and possible improvements are discussed.
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  • 96
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    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 32
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    Notes: Abstract By means of a N2-laser pumped dye-laser (P L ≈20kW, Δv L 〈 10 GHZ) different two-photon resonant four-wave coupling processes in Ba vapour (n Ba≈1016 cm−3) using the Ba states 6s8s 1 S o and 7s5d 1 D 2 were investigated. Coherent line radiation with conversion rates up to 10−3 was generated within the range of λ=190–200 nm by sumfrequency mixingv UV=2v 1+v 2 of 3 laser photons and within the range of λ=250–380 nm by couplingv UV=2v 1±v IR of 2 laser photons with one photonv IR stimulated emitted in laser-induced Ba transitions. For the second coupling type the various nonlinear processes contributing to the formation of the coupling components are discussed. The power of the UV-component as function of inensity and resonance detuning of the laser as well as on the phase-mismatch was calculated on the basis of the small signal theory and compared to the experimental data.
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  • 97
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 139-142 
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    Keywords: 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract The tuning and threshold behaviors of 5P 1/2–5P 3/2 stimulated electronic Raman scattering in In vapor were investigated. The Stokes output intensity was limited by atom depletion process in the atomic density available for the measurement. The anti-Stokes radiation observed was studied in terms of the phase matching condition.
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  • 98
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    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider the laser cooling of a trapped particle when the discrete nature of the quantum levels must be taken into account. We particularize the equations to the Lamb-Dicke limit when the oscillational, amplitude is much less than the optical wavelength. Then the quantum levels are coupled only to the neighbouring ones, and we can also find a small parameter to use for adiabatic elimination of rapidly varying terms. There emerges one rate equation for the probability distribution over the quantum states. The ultimate distribution is found to be of the Planckian type independently of the initial one. We solve the equation, generally and obtain the time evolution for an arbitrary initial distribution. In particular we look at an initially thermal, Poisson, or pure state distribution. For the thermal one we find that its shape is preserved during the cooling. The results are discussed.
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    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.20 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract Harmonic mixing of two alternating electric fields due to a Brownian charged particle in a nonlinear one-dimensional potential of cosine shape is investigated. The dynamics of the system are described by a time dependent Fokker-Planck equation. The appropriate distribution function is obtained by a matrix continued fraction expansion method, which is treated numerically. The dc signal due to mixing is computed for strong thermal fluctuations in all relevant parameter ranges of the pinning potential strength, damping and frequency. The dc signal without fluctuations is discussed separately. Resonance effects are shown in the electric dc field and the additional phase shift, caused by intrinsic relaxation processes.
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  • 100
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    Applied physics 26 (1981), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Polarization decay in the presence of a standing electromagnetic wave field at a Doppler broadened transition is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that in the direction opposite to the propagation of an excited pulse the polarization decays at a transition frequency rather than at an exciting field frequency as usual. This permits the use of transients both in studies of relaxation processes and in Doppler-free super-high resolution spectroscopy. A resonant coherent transient has been used in measurements of relaxation decay constants of a dipole moment for collisions in SF6 (λ=10.6μm). This method has enabled one to resolve reliably the structure of theQ(38) transition (λ=10.6μm) of theF 1 0 +E 0=F 2 0 line of the 0→v 3 band in SF6 within a Doppler absorption line.
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