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  • Articles  (796)
  • Data  (74)
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  • GFZ Data Services  (68)
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  • Articles  (796)
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Keywords
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-07-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: From June to August 2021 the DEEPEN project deployed a dense seismic nodal network across the Hengill geothermal area in southwest Iceland to image and characterize faults and high-temperature zones at high resolution. The nodal network comprised 498 geophone nodes spread across the northern Nesjavellir and southern Hverahlíð geothermal fields and was complemented by an existing permanent and temporary backbone seismic network of a total of 44 short-period and broadband stations. In addition, two fiber optic telecommunication cables near the Nesjavellir geothermal power plant were interrogated with commercial DAS-interrogators. During the time of deployment, a vibroseis survey took place around the Nesjavellir power plant. The here published dataset contains a subset of the downsampled DAS-recordings from the eastern fiber optic array. To save storage space, only every fourth trace was made available. The original data were downsampled from 1000Hz to 250 Hz using the das-convert tool (https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.1.2021.005). Further traces or the original data can be obtained upon request. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code ZH.
    Keywords: DAS ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~110G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Deployment of 10 seismometers for monitoring the induced seismicity of the Lacq gas field, France. This project focus on the analysis of the seismicity induced by anthropogenic activities (gas extraction and wastewater injection) related to the gas field, located in Lacq, France. We aim to answer the following questions: which part of the Lacq induced seismicity is generated by wastewater injection? by the mechanical evolution of the reservoir depletion? Is the seismicity confined to the (minor) faults of the reservoir or can regional tectonic faults be activated, generating large earthquakes? What scenarios of ground shaking and damages could be expected in case of a major event in the area? What is the associated seismic hazard and risk?
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; induced seismicity ; Lacq gas field ; waste water injection ; temporary seismological network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
    Format: .mseed
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The network consists of a vertical borehole array equipped with 3C sensors (geophones) for the analysis of swarm earthquakes in the Western Bohemia / Vogtland area located in the German/Czech border region. A surface array is completing the 3D observation of the wave field with 3C sensors (geophones). Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6A, and is embargoed until FEB 2035.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Germany ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~15T
    Format: .mseed
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The STRATEGy network was a temporary seismic network in the NW Argentinean Andean Foreland. It run for about 15 months between June 2016 and August 2017 and consisted of 13 stations for the most parts. Each station contains a Lennartz LE3D/5s seismometer, an Omnirecs DataCube³ext digitizer (100 Hz sampling rate) with external GPS antenna and internal flash memory. Station 14A consisted of a Mark L-4C-3D short-period sensor. The power was supplied through an external batteries that were recharged during the day via a solar panel. The sensors were oriented to magnetic north. The header of the waveform files (NSLC-IDs) still remained in its prior form (network code ST) and haven’t been adapted to the FDSN given code. Station codes (double digits) were assigned from North to South. The last digit of the station code is either A (for their initial position of a station site) or B (the station has been moved during the networks operation time due to low quality recordings at the respective initial site). Each site was chosen on 3 criteria: (1) minimizing the depth to bedrock, (2) maximizing remoteness, and (3) maximizing security, preferentially located within sight of nearby settlements. However, one station (02A) was lost due to theft and many others experienced recording gaps due to animals chewing on cables, malfunctions of electrical parts and mainly flooding of the stations during the austral summer monsoon. The overall network geometry evolved partially due to accessibility of remote locations, maintaining similar interstation distances and focusing around the epicenter of the Mw 5.7 El Galpón earthquake 9 months prior to the network’s starttime. The smallest depths to bedrock were achieved by concentrating the sites around two major bedrock ranges and their piedmont, Cerro Colorado and Sierra de la Candelaria. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 2S.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 111GB
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Geophysical section of Dublin institute for Advanced studies is a publicly funded (government) academic research organization that develop new methods for studying the earth. In this project we are trying to develop new environmentally friendly ways to monitoring ground integrity. The idea is to use ground vibrations from natural and man-made sources, that already exist in everyday life for monitoring ground integrity. Here we would like to see if ground vibrations made by passing trains can be used to determine the integrity of the ground beneath the train track itself. This project involves the recording and analysis in detail the seismic vibrations generated by trains in order to better understand the proprieties of the waves propagating from the railway trough the shallow underground. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~8GB
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  • 6
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The goal of Inter-Wind is to investigate and predict the induced seismic signals of wind turbines at different locations in Southern Germany. The experiments involve various sensor types and data loggers.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; passive seismology ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~39GB
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Ireland Array is an array of 20 broadband seismometers that was operated by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies across the Republic of Ireland. The array comprised up to 20 stations running simultaneously, all equipped with Trillium 120PA seismometers and Taurus data loggers. The 20 stations were installed in 2010–2012. Some of the stations were moved to new locations in Ireland in the course of the operation of the array, either in order to enhance the data sampling of the island or when the old deployment sites became unsuitable. Ireland Array dramatically increased the seismic data sampling of Ireland and enabled advances and discoveries in the studies of the structure and evolution of Ireland’s crust and lithosphere, seismicity of Ireland, and mechanisms of the Paleogene intraplate volcanism in Ireland and surroundings.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~2.4TB
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This field campaign aimed at densifying the station coverage on the Armutlu Peninsula in the eastern Sea of Marmara. The Armutlu peninsula is directly crossed by the Armutlu fault, located roughly ~50 km away from the Istanbul metropolitan region. The main objective of this experiment is to characterize the seismic and aseismic deformation of this region. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9P.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~600G
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Understanding physical processes prior and during eruptions remains challenging, due to uncertainties about subsurface structures and undetected processes within the volcano. Here, the authors use a dedicated fibre-optic cable to obtain strain data and identify volcanic events and image hidden near-surface volcanic structural features at Etna volcano, Italy. In the paper Jousset et al. (2022), we detect and characterize strain signals associated with explosions, and we find evidences for non-linear grain interactions in a scoria layer of spatially variable thickness. We also demonstrate that wavefield separation allows us to incrementally investigate the ground response to various excitation mechanisms, and we identify very small volcanic events, which we relate to fluid migration and degassing. We recorded seismic signals from natural and man-made sources with 2-m spacing along a 1.5-km-long fibre-optic cable layout near the summit of actives craters of Etna volcano, Italy. Those results provide the basis for improved volcano monitoring and hazard assessment using DAS. This data publication contains the full data set used for the analysis. This data set comprises strain-rate data from 1 iDAS interrogator (~750 traces), velocity data from 15 geophones and 4 broadband seismometers, and infrasonic pressure data from infrasound sensors. For further explanation of the data and related processing steps, please refer to Jousset et al. (2022). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9N.
    Keywords: fibre optics ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Local network ; Temporary ; Volcano ; Velocity ; DAS ; MiniSEED
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~600G
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Project SWEAP (Southwest Indian Ridge Earthquakes and Plumes), a collaborative effort led by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute, installed a network of 10 broad-band ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) along the ultraslow-spreading Oblique Supersegment of the Southwest Indian Ridge. The presented data set covers the continuous records of 8 stations of the network provided by the DEPAS instrument pool. One station of the original network could not be recovered, another one did not return data. The instruments were spaced at roughly 15 km intervals in a triangular shape network to either side of the rift axis covering about 60 km along axis between 13°E and 13.8°E and 60 km across axis between 52°S and 52.6°S. The determination of the OBS positions is described by Schmid et al. (2016). The network design was optimized for detecting and locating deep seismicity in the area. The rift valley was filled with soft silica ooze, producing considerable delay of S-phases at selected stations. Instrument deployment started during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIX/2 on December 05 2012. Instrument recovery was completed during RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIX/8 on November 26 2013. 5 Refraction seismic lines were acquired by RV Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIX/8 from November 17 to 19 in 2013. All OBS could be synchronized with the GPS clock upon recovery such that skew values describing the clock drift are available for all stations. The non-linear clock drift of station SWE05 was determined by means of noise cross-correlations and applied to the data set. All other stations show a linear drift, which was corrected.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; DEPAS ; OBS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 161GB
    Format: .mseed
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  • 11
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset includes five stations of an Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) experiment conducted at the southern end of the Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center in the Lau Basin, southwestern Pacific. The OBS recorded continuously for 32-days on 4 components, including a hydrophone and a 3-component 4.5 Hz geophone. The experiment was conducted during RV Sonne cruise SO267, project ARCHIMEDES I.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; OBS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 61GB
    Format: .mseed
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Geophysical section of Dublin institute for Advanced studies is a publicly funded (government) academic research organization that develop new methods for studying the earth. In this project we are trying to develop new environmentally friendly ways to monitoring ground integrity. The idea is to use ground vibrations from natural and man-made sources, that already exist in everyday life for monitoring ground integrity. Here we would like to see if ground vibrations made by passing trains can be used to determine the integrity of the ground beneath the train track itself. This project involves the recording and analysis in detail the seismic vibrations generated by trains in order to better understand the proprieties of the waves propagating from the railway trough the shallow underground. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 8.3GB
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-02-06
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The project DARE proposes an integrated study of seismic site effects on the deep and elongated Messinian Rhône Canyon (French Rhône Valley). Lithological information from boreholes reaching the bedrock and preliminary geophysical campaigns indicate that the canyon can reach locally 〉500 m and may be deeply incised. The strong material contrast between the sedimentary filling and the substratum, as well as its expected confined geometry make this canyon a good candidate for generating various kinds of multi-dimensional site effects. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code Y7.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The main aim of this project is to investigate the crustal and mantle structure beneath the Longmenshan fault zone in China, based on a very dense passive seismology profile. The Longmenshan fault zone hosted the Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008 with a magnitude (Mw) of 7.9 and the Lushan earthquake of June 2013 with a magnitude (Mw) of 6.6. It is planned to mainly use the receiver-function method, to investigate the crustal and mantle structure beneath the Longmenshan fault zone. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data center, under network code 4O, and are embargoed until February 2024.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; Earthquake ; Receiver functions ; Crustal and mantle structure ; China ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The temporary seismic array of MySCOLAR in northern Myanmar consists of 30 broadband stations. The overall scientific goals are to understand the transition from continental collision to oceanic subduction, to quantify the partitioning of deformation in the accretionary prism, in the Burma Plate and along the strike-slip Sagaing fault system and to image the subducting Indian Plate beneath Myanmar and southwest China. The seismological analysis methods applied to this dataset will include location of local earthquakes and determining their focal mechanisms, surface wave tomography from ambient noise and earthquake data, body wave tomography from local and teleseismic earthquakes, full waveform inversion for Earth structure, receiver functions, and shear wave splitting. A subset of the stations was transmitting data in real time, and these stations contributed to real-time earthquake analysis by the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) in Myanmar and the GEOFON earthquake monitoring service. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6C.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Continuous passive seismic monitoring is carried out between September 2017 and December 2021 around the Theistareykir geothermal area located at the intersection between the active Northern Rift Zone and the active Tjörnes Fracture Zone in NE Iceland. This experiment, in addition to an extensive gravimetric monitoring survey, was conducted in the framework of the MicroGraviMoTiS project for a better understanding of the structures and behavior of the local geothermal system under exploitation and for further development of local and regional geothermal resources. 14 broadband stations (Trillium C-120s) recording at 200 Hz comprise the temporary network, that is installed to complement stations of the national seismological network of IMO and stations of Landsvirkjun, the National Power Company of Iceland. The stations were placed in and around the producing zone to primarily retrieve local natural and/or induced seismicity associated to the injection and production operations. The retrieved seismic data is also used for obtaining a representative 1D velocity model of the region, for computing a seismic ambient noise tomography, and for monitoring the system using coda wave interferometry techniques. Funding for this project is provided by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (MicroGraviMoTiS , BMBF, grant: 03G0858A), the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and Landsvirkjun. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data center, under network code 3P, and are embargoed until December 2025.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI ; Volcano
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 783GB
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Volcanic eruptions are regularly observed on the island of Fogo, Cape Verde, with an average re-occurrence interval of ca. 20 years. However, the structure and extent of the related volcanic plumbing system are not well understood. Previous studies have investigated earthquakes related to magmatic processes connected with the Fogo volcano using conventional network configurations. Seismicity has been reported to occur mainly southwest of the island of Brava while a more recent study reports on activity focussed between Brava and Fogo. Multi-array seismology has the potential to significantly reduce the localization errors of seismic events in particular for those outside a station network and to lower the detection threshold. The subject of this study is the investigation of the local volcano-related seismicity applying multi-array methods which is a unique task amongst the research activities at German universities. The scientific aims are (a) to precisely map local events to constrain the structure of and the dynamic processes within the volcanic plumbing system, (b) to image the magma source region below the Fogo volcano using reflected and backscattered waves, and (c) to localize low-frequency volcanic tremor events. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9J, and are embargoed until February 2022.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Bransfield Strait is a seismically active extensional rift located between the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands. The Strait is partly located on continental crust including areas within the transition to seafloor spreading. The amphibious seismic network BRAVOSEIS is an international effort focused on the seismological research of submarine volcanoes and rift dynamics in the Bransfield Strait. This network is the onshore component of the entire network consisting of 15 broadband land stations deployed in the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula between January 2018 and February 2020. The offshore components (network code ZX) include 9 broadband ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) across the Central Bransfield Basin and a group of 6 hydrophone moorings spanning the rift area of 200 x 100 km2, with inter-station distance of ~30 km. Additionally, a smaller offshore array consisting of 15 short-period OBSs with an aperture of 20 km and a narrow inter-station distance of ~4 km was deployed around the Orca submarine volcanic edifice south of King George Island. The data will be used to study the geodynamics of the Bransfield Strait and the evolution of the incipient rifting zone in the domain where extension has been suggested. Seismological methods will include earthquake location, source mechanism, surface wave analysis with ambient noise and earthquake data, receiver function and shear wave splitting. The results may shed light on the crustal structure and tectonic regime in the region and image the location and extent of magma accumulations related to submarine volcanic structures. Finally, the results should provide clues to assess the internal processes that occur in the submarine volcanoes of the area undergoing rifting. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5M, and are embargoed until March 2024.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
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  • 19
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    Unknown
    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The complete network consisted of 11 stations deployed on the island of Fogo, Cape Verde. Eight of the stations formed an arraywith an aperture of 700 m, deployed in the south of the island near the village of Achada Furna. Seven of the array stations were equipped with 3-component 4.5 Hz geophones, one with a Trillium Compact (broad-band) sensor. The remaing three stations were distributed across the island and equipped with Trillium Compact sensors. Data were recorded continuously from October 2015 to December 2016 with a sample rate of 200 Hz. Due to limited data storage, there are four recording gaps (20/12/2015-14/01/2016; 28/03/2016-04/04/2016; 17/06/2016-18/07/2016; 01/10/2016-18/10/2016). The network served as a pilot study for the more comprehensive study, FoMaPS, from 2017 to 2018 (FDSN code 9J), involving station deployments on Fogo and Brava. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5M, and are embargoed until July 2021.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: IMAGE is a two year seismological experiment realized at the Reykjanes Peninsula by Philippe Jousset (GFZ Potsdam) and Gylfi P. Hersir (ISOR Iceland). Reykjanes Peninsula is located at the southwestern tip of Iceland, at the emergent part of the Mid-oceanic Ridge. This area has a high seismicity and is exploited for its high geothermal potential. The deployment is performed to carry out a local seismological study with techniques such as seismic tomography (earthquake based, e.g. Jousset et al., 2016, and ambient noise e.g., Martins et al., 2020). The aim of the seismic experiment is to monitor the seismic activity associated with the rift processes (Blank et al., 2020) and/or the induced seismicity. The network comprised 30 onland stations (GIPP) and 21 Ocean Bottom Seismometers (Lobsters, DEPAS). Onland stations were deployed from April 2014 until August 2015 and comprise 20 broadband seismic stations (Nanometrics Trillium Compact 120 s), 10 short-period sensors (Mark sensors 1 Hz) and data loggers (DATA-CUBE) with acquisition frequencies of 200 Hz. Sensors were buried 30-40 cm deep in the ground in containers. Data gaps are minimal, and occurred every 3 months when the batteries were exchanged and data downloaded from the DATA-CUBEs. OBS were deployed in August 2014 and recorded for about a year. From this dataset, a catalogue of about 2000 earthquakes could be extracted. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 4L.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~3.2T
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: As part of project FUTUREVOLC, European volcanological supersite in Iceland: a monitoring system and network for the future, two 7-element seismic broadband arrays were installed outside the western margin of Vatnajökull glacier, Iceland. The goal was to study seismic tremor associated with floods originating in the eastern and western Skaftár cauldrons. A third temporary array was installed during the Bárðarbunga 2014-2015 volcanic eruption near the eruption site. The aim of the array installations was to discriminate between different seismic tremor sources, namely volcanic eruptions, lava flows, hydrothermal explosions and subglacial floods (jökulhlaups). The main aim of the two arrays installed on the western margin of Vatnajökull was to study their early-warning potential through the analysis of four subglacial floods observed during the study period. The seismic vibrations associated with these floods have an emergent start, are of long duration and are referred to as tremor or high-frequency noise. Due to the lack of clear discrete onsets they cannot be located using traditional earthquake location methods. Instead clusters of seismometers (called arrays) are employed to both locate the tremor source and determine the wave type in the tremor (surface vs. body waves). The array data recorded during the Bárðarbunga eruption were used to investigate the nature of shallow, pre-eruptive, long-duration seismic tremor activity related to shallow dyke formation. The sources of the tremor were found to locate at the eruption site and under ice cauldrons which formed on the ice surface during the first weeks of the unrest. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5L.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~570G
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Strokkur_1yr is a one year seismological experiment realized at the most active geyser on Iceland by Eva Eibl (University of Potsdam) in collaboration with Thomas R. Walter, Phillippe Jousset, Torsten Dahm, Masoud Allahbakhshi, Daniel Müller from GFZ Potsdam and Gylfi P. Hersir from ISOR Iceland. The geyser is part of the Haukadalur geothermal area in south Iceland, which contains numerous geothermal anomalies, hot springs, and basins (Walter et al., 2018). Strokkur is a pool geyser and has a silica sinter edifice with a water basin on top, which is about 12 m in diameter with a central tube of more than 20 m depth. The aim of the seismic experiment is to monitor eruptions of Strokkur geyser from June 2017 to June 2018 using four broadband seismic stations (Nanometrics Trillium Compact Posthole 20 s). Sensors were buried 30–40 cm deep in the ground at distances of 38.8 m (G4, SE), 47.3 m (G3, SW), 42.5 m (G2, N), and 95.5 m (G1, NE) from Strokkur center. Data gaps represent 15–44 % of the records as during the winter period maintenance intervals were longer and battery drainage was high. However, at any given time, at least one station recorded the eruptions. From this dataset, converted to MSEED using Pyrocko, a catalogue of 70,000 eruptions was determined and further investigated in Eibl et al. (2020) Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7L.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~100G
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: SMARTIE1 is a joint seismological experiment of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the Leipzig University. We installed in total 36 seismic stations as ring-like and profile-like measurements near to a single wind turbine (WT) at the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) in Pfinztal, SW Germany, for 21 days. The main goals of this project are a better understanding of a single WT as a seismic source and the development of propagation models for the WT-induced seismic signals, depending on the geological properties. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code X8 (under CC-BY 4.0 license according to GIPP-rules), and are embargoed until Jan 2020.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; induced seismic signals ; wind turbine ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Our understanding of the effects of ice on channel morphodynamics and bedload transport in northern rivers, frozen for several months, are hindered by the difficulties of ‘seeing’ through the ice. We use continuous seismic records of a small network at the Sävar River in northern Sweden to interpret processes and quantify water and sediment fluxes. We apply a seismic inversion approach to determine seasonal differences in hydraulics and bedload sediment transport under ice-covered vs. open-channel flow conditions and provide a first-order estimation of sediment flux in that Fennoscandian river. Analysis of seismic signals of ice-cracking support our visual interpretation of ice break-up timing and the main ice break-up mechanism as thermal rather than mechanical. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 8E, and are available under CC-BY 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~100G
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A line of 6 broadband seismometers have been deployed across a ridge in the Hualien County (Eastern Taiwan). From March 2015 to June 2016 the network has been continuously recording waves incoming from the Taiwanese regional seismicity. During that period, more than 2000 earthquakes with magnitudes Ml〉3 and distant from less than 200km were recorded. The hill is well approximated by a triangular topography of 3600m in length by 900m in height. Waveform data are open and available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5K.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~240G
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We propose to investigate the structure and evolution of the Main Pamir Thrust (MPT) with a high-density seismological array. The MPT, with its surface expression along the east-west trending Alai Valley, marks the northern boundary of the Pamir. The Alai Valley, separating the Pamir and the Tien Shan, constitutes the last vestige of a formerly continuous basin that linked the Tarim and the Tajik Basins. The MPT manifests itself as a place of high seismic activity with frequently occurred disastrous earthquakes. The array is about 50 km long, consisted of 90 three-component geophones (stations G?? and C??) and 10 Trillium-Compact seismometers (stations T??), and equipped with 100 CUBE dataloggers. We will construct a high-resolution receiver function profile to image the MPT and accurately locate the local earthquakes associated with the MPT. Funded by BMBF, within the framework of CaTeNA project – Climatic and Tectonic Natural Hazards in Central Asia. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7A and are embargoed until Jan 2024.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~240G
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Extensive passive seismic monitoring was carried out between September 2017 and September 2018 over the Los Humeros geothermal field in Mexico. This experiment, in addition to several geophysical, geological, and geochemical surveys was conducted in the framework of the European H2020 and Mexican CONACyT-SENER project GEMex for a better understanding of the structures and behavior of the local geothermal system currently under exploitation, and for investigating future development areas. 25 broadband stations (22 Trillium C-120s and 3 Trillium C-20 PH) recording at 200 Hz, and 20 short period stations (Mark L-4C-3D) recording at 100 Hz comprised the network which is sub-divided into two sub-networks. An inner and denser (~1.6-2 km inter-station distance) pseudo-rhomboidal array (27 stations) was laid out to cover the producing zone and retrieve local seismicity mainly associated to injection and production operations, and to comply with beamforming of ambient noise and time reverse imaging techniques. An outer and sparser (~5 km minimum spacing) array was placed at around 30 km radius surrounding the inner network, and was mainly dedicated to larger scale imaging techniques, such as seismic ambient noise tomography, and regional earthquakes tomography. The GEMex project is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme for Research and Innovation under grant agreement No 727550 and the Mexican Energy Sustainability Fund CONACYT-SENER, project 2015-04-68074. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6G and are embargoed until Jan 2023.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismology ; temporary local seismic experiment ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The unrest of el Hierro Islands started in 2011 with a submarine volcanic eruption. In order to better characterize unrest of El Hierro Island 9 landstations were installed on the Island of ElHierro (Figure 1) between March 2015 and June 2016. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 2L and are embargoed until Jan 2021.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 327GB
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Liquiñe-Ofqui fault system (LOFS) in south-central Chile provides a natural laboratory to assess the interplay between magma/hydrothermal fluid flow and crustal deformation. Understanding these processes is of paramount importance for geothermal energy exploration and seismic hazard assessment. We deployed a dense seismic network (Sielfeld et al., 2019) at the northern termination of the LOFS in south-central Chile (~38°S) between 2014 March and 2015 June. The main aim was to better understand the significance and implications of seismic activity in relation to geological information such as the complex fault-fracture network, volcanoes, and the stress field estimated from geological data. As a result, the network was designed to monitor the northern segment of the LOFS on a more regional scale rather than concentration on the activity of one volcano. The network covered a ~200‐km‐long section of the Southern Volcanic Zone, including several Holocene stratovolcanoes (Callaqui, Copahue, Caviahue Caldera, Tolhuaca, Lonquimay, Llaima, Sierra Nevada, Sollipulli, Villarrica, Quetrupillán, Lanín (La), and Mocho‐Choshuenco). Waveform data are open and available under network code 3H from the GEOFON data centre under license CC BY 4.0.
    Keywords: LOFZ ; LOFS ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 636GB
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Cliffs line many erosional coastlines. Localized failures can cause land loss and hazard, and impact ecosystems and sediment routing. Links between cliff erosion and forcing mechanisms are poorly constrained, due to limitations of classic approaches. Combining multi-seasonal seismic and drone surveys, wave, precipitation and groundwater data we study drivers and triggers of seismically detected failures along the chalk cliffs on Germany's largest island, Rügen. The network consists of four (later five) seismic stations along the 8.6 km long chalk cliff coast. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 4K, and are embargoed until Jan 2021.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 624GB
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning and Rapid Response Systems (EEWRRS) should be a viable complement to other disaster risk reduction strategies, particularly in economically developing countries. The „Early Warning and Impact Forecasting“ group (GFZ, section 2.6) is actively involved in the development of novel strategies to develop scientific and technological solutions that may be efficiently applied in countries with limited resources. The proposed solution includes a risk estimation module that extracts from a portfolio of precomputed impact scenarios those matching the characterization of the event detected by an optimized real-time monitoring network. The real-time network integrates both local, on-site components based on low-cost, smart sensor platforms, as well as regional, sparse strong-motion stations. This hybrid solution allows for the optimization of the lead-time and is tailored to the seismotectonic features of the considered region. A prototype EEWRR System is being developed for the Kyrgyz Republic, with the support of the partner CAIAG and in collaboration with the Ministry of Emergency Solutions of the Government of the Kyrygz Republic (MES). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code AD.
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; seismic noise ; earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; broad band ; velocity ; displacement ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 〉1T
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Building monitoring and decentralized, on-site Earthquake Early Warning system for the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek. Several low cost sensors equipped with MEMS accelerometers have been installed in eleven buildings within the urban area of the city. The different sensing units communicate with each other via wireless links and the seismic data are streamed in real-time to data centres at GFZ and the Central Asian Institute for Applied Geoscience (CAIAG) using internet. Since each sensing unit has its own computing capabilities, software for data processing can be installed to perform decentralised actions. In particular, each sensing unit can perform event detection tasks and run software for on-site early warning. If a description for the vulnerability of the building is uploaded to the sensing unit, this can be exploited to introduce the expected probability of damage in the early-warning protocol customized for a specific structure. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code KD.
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; seismic noise ; earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; broad band ; velocity ; displacement ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 〉1T
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: DESTRESS is a Horizon-2020 supported project (Topic: Demonstration of renewable electricity and heating/cooling technologies) that is concerned with creating EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) for the more economical, sustainable and environmentally responsible exploitation of underground heat. The international consortium, representing academic, geothermal sites and industry, will utilize the latest developments in the use of hydraulic, chemical and thermal treatments for enhancing the productivity of geothermal reservoirs, with considerable interaction with various interests groups and the thorough assessment of the associated risk, in particular that associated with induced seismicity. The GFZ workgroup "Early warning and Impact Forecasting" is involved in the exposure modelling, vulnerability analysis and building monitoring of communities near geothermal production facilities, making use of tools developed both in previous and ongoing projects. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 2D, and are embargoed until Aug 2024.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The MI-DAM project will develop a robust, low-cost, and adaptable system that includes an early warning element and time-variable fragility functions. The system will continuously monitor the health of hydroelectric dams and the surrounding slopes, undertake on-site processing of recordings by multi-parameter sensors, and forward the most relevant information to response centers (e.g., civil protection). As an example, the project will focus on the Toktogul dam in Central Kyrgyzstan. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 1M, and is embargoed until Aug 2024.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 259GB
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Pamir-Hindu Kush region of Tajikistan and NE Afghanistan stands out due to its worldwide unique zone of intense intermediate depth seismicity, accommodating frequent Mw 7+ earthquakes with hypocenters reaching down to 250 km depth. With this network we aim to collect data allowing to characterize the active deformation within the Hindu Kush mountains and the Tajik-Afghan basin at the northwestern tip of the India-Asia collision zone. The network consists 15 sites (14 stations in Afghanistan, 1 station in Tajikistan), situated on top of the nest of intermediate depth seismicity and further west in the Afghan platform. The stations are equipped with short period Mark seismometers and Cube data recorders. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 4C, and are embargoed until 2023. After the end of embargo, data will be openly available under CC-BY 4.0 license according to GIPP-rules.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 230.8GB
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Sarez Pamir aftershock seismic network was installed two months after the 7 December 2015, Mw7.2 Sarez Pamir earthquake in the eastern Pamir highland of Tajikistan. In the first recording period until September 2016, the stations were distributed along the Sarez-Karakul fault system. In September 2016 part of the stations were moved into the southern Pamir. In total the network consisted of eight stations on 13 sites, equipped with broad band, 3-component seismometers of type Trillium Compact. The data were recorded using Earth Data recorders (EDR), recording was continuous at a sample rate of 100Hz.The principal aim of the network was to record the aftershock sequence of the Sarez earthquake and to augment the coeval East Pamir China seismic network and the earlier TIPAGE and TIPTIMON seismic networks. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9H, and are embargoed until January 2021.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~90G
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  • 37
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The East Pamir seismic network was located on the eastern flank of the Pamir highlands and the in the foreland of the adjacent Tarim Basin of western China. It was in operation between August 2015 and May 2017 and consisted of 30 broad band, 3-component seismometers of type Güralp CMG-3ESP or Nanometrics Trillium 120. The data were recorded using Earth Data PS6-24 "EDL" recorders, continuously at a sample rate of 100Hz, with an average station distance of ~20km. The network was designed to augment the earlier TIPAGE and TIPTIMON seismic networks.The principal aim of the network was to characterize the current deformation field in the region. It further recorded the 2015 M7.2 Sarez earthquake. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 8H, and are embargoed until January 2021.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~600G
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The aim of this temporary experiment is to monitor the interaction between crustal fluids and earthquake occurrence. Two sites have been initially investigated: one is in the eastern sector of the Pollino mountain range, located at the border of Southern Apennines chain and Calabrian arc and the other is Mefite d'Ansanto moffete, one of the largest non-volcanic CO_2 emission in the world and located in Irpinia area, in the southern Apennines. The seismicity in the eastern sector of the Pollino range is very low except for a deep (〉20km) earthquake swarm which started in the middle of September 2017 and lasted for some weeks with events up to Ml=2.7. The Mefite d'Ansanto site sits at the northern end of the northern fault activated by the M_w 6.8 Irpinia earthquake in 1980 and in the well-known thermal anomaly area of the Mt. Forcuso. A ~10km radius area around Mefite steems out for a very low seismicity rate compared with the high seismicity activity of this portion of Southern Apennines. In the frame of a long-term collaborative efforts made by the German Research Centre for Geoscience (GFZ) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) in the Pollino area a temporary network has been deployed to analyze the low earthquakes rate, the seismogenic structures and a possible signature of interaction with fluids redistribution within the crust. The temporary network consists of 3 seismic stations equipped with Trillium compact 120 sec. sensors and DCube digitizers using also CCube modules for real time data transmission. One single station with similar hardware has been used also to monitor the Mefite d'Ansanto in the Irpinia area with similar aim. Data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code YZ, and is embargoed until three years after the end of the experiments.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1600MB/month
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2023-07-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The SWATH-D experiment is dense deployment of 154 seismic stations in the Central and Eastern Alps between Italy and Austria, complementing the larger-scale sparser AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN). SWATH-D will provide high resolution images from the surface into the upper mantle, and allow observations of local seismicity. SWATH-D focuses on a key area of the Alps where the hypothesized flip in subduction polarity has been suggested, and where an earlier seismic profile (TRANSALP) has imaged a jump in the Moho. Where mains power is available (at ca. 80 sites) stations are providing realtime data via the cellphone network and are equipped with Güralp CMG-3EPSC (60s) seismometers and Earth Data Recorders EDR-210. The rest of the stations are offline and consist mainly of Nanometrics Trillium Compact (120s) and Güralp CMG-3EPSC (60s) seismometers equipped with either Omnirecs CUBE3 or PR6-24 Earth Data Loggers. All stations are equipped with external GPS antennas and the sampling rate is 100 Hz (Heit, et al., 2018). The network will operate for 2 years starting in July 2017. The Swath-D data will be used directly by 20 individual proposals of the MB-4D Priority Program (Mountain Building Processes in Four Dimensions, 2017) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) and data products derived from it will contribute to additional 13 proposals. SWATH-D is thus an important link between the MB-4D Priority Program and the international AlpArray communities and a scientific service to many of the proposals within the DFG Priority Program. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code ZS, and are embargoed until August 2023. After the end of embargo, data will be openly available under CC-BY 4.0 license according to GIPP-rules.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLING 〉 DATA SEARCH AND RETRIEVAL ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLING 〉 ARCHIVING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS ; seismology
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The network consistes in 6 stations surronding the fumarole field at Lastarria volcano. These stations were operative during one month with the final purpose of detect changes in the hydrothermal system triggered by passing of seismic waves produced by artificial explosions. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 2G, and are embargoed until 001 2019.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: approx. 9 GB
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Halmahera island belongs to the North Moluccas province (Maluku Utara), Indonesia. This K-shaped island is located in the eastern part of the Moluccas Sea, the only active arc-arc collision complex on the Earth. The western arm of the K forms a volcanic arc due to the former subduction of the Moluccas Sea plate underneath Halmahera. The region is characterized by intense seismic activity at crustal, intermediate depth, and along the subducting plate. At crustal level the Halmahera seismicity along the two eastern arms of the K show strike-slip faulting style. In November 2015 a localized intense and energetic seismic activity started around Jailolo volcano in the West Halmahera Regency. The seismic sequence intermittently lasted until February 2016 and hundreds of events were felt by the population and several buildings were destroyed and damaged by the shaking. The largest shocks of the sequence have been located by global agencies (GEOFON and GCMT) showing normal faulting style. The temporal evolution of the seismicity seems to be more swarm-like type activity instead of mainshock-aftershock sequence. In spring 2016 a research project has been funded by the German's Humanitarian Aid program in collaboration with BMKG, Indonesia, with the goal of understanding the origin of the intense seismic activity and the related hazard. In summer 2016 we instrumented the area with a dense seismic network composed of 29 short period and 6 broad-band seismometers. The instruments deployment aims at characterizing the seismicity of the Jailolo region in relationship with the 2015-2016 seismic activity. The network will help to understand the seismo-tectonic of the area and the relation between seismicity and the volcanic activity at Jailolo volcano and possible link with the 2015-2016 swarm. Should the seismic activity intensify as in November 2015, we can record it and narrow down the underlying physical mechanisms. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7G, and are embargoed until the end of 2021.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: approx. 900GB
    Format: .mseed
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A temporary seismic network was installed in Sri Lanka for a time period of 13 months. The stations were equipped with Earth Data EDR-210 digital recorders and Trillium 120 PA, Güralp C3E and Güralp CMG-3ESP broadband sensors. Main aim of the network is to shed light on the crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the island. Also local seismic activity is studied.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 295GB
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A temporary installation has been realized in the Netherlands, in the region of the Groningen gas field. The objective of this installation is to test the usage of a conventional array layout for detection of microseismicity. The region of the Groningen gas field is an excellent test ground, since the operating company NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij) installed a multitude of shallow borehole stations from 2014 to 2017, of which 65 – in addition to the already existing shallow borehole stations installed by KNMI (Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut) – were already online during the time of measurement, thus ensuring an earthquake catalogue that is complete down to low magnitudes during the time of array installation. The site for the installation was decided together with local parties involved in the seismicity monitoring, i.e. KNMI and NAM, and was located close to the village of Wittewierum. Stations were installed from the 12th of July 2016 to the 29th of August 2016 (49 days). The array was composed of 9 stations. The array was constructed in three concentric rings of 75 m, 150 m and 225 m diameter including a central station, but the geometry had to be adapted to the local conditions. Each station consisted of a broadband sensor (Trillium 120 s), an acquisition system (CUBE datalogger), a battery, and a GPS antenna. The entire system was installed at ~1 m depth (apart from GPS and transmission antennas), requiring only the digging of shallow holes, one for the installation of a thin concrete plate and the sensor, another one for a box containing the remaining instrumentation. The array stations recorded continuously with little outages; only station WAR1 stopped recording on the 22nd of August and station WAR7 stopped recording from 20th to 22nd of August. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 1C, and is fully open.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 54GB
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  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The experiments are performed down the Edward Bailey valley, in the Renland peninsula, Scoresby Sund, Greenland. General purpose: ambient seismic noise recordings are obtained to characterize the geometry/structure of the valley the geometry/structure of the glaciers the microseismicity of the glacier, the friction process, crack orientation and mechanisms the seismic activity of glacial rivers, the relation between hydrological flow and noise spectrum the localization and characterization of sub-glacial flow from surface recordings. Seismic stations were composed of 3C broadband Trillium compact seismometer, a Cube datalogger and a 12V (D-cell types, stacked) battery pack.The experiment splits into three surveys performed at three different sites, one after the other, from july to august 2016. In the first experiment, we deploy 11 stations, 9 of them on a flat sandy area covering, partly, immobile ice that seems to be blocked between the Bailey Glacier (upstream) and the Apusinikajik glacier (downstream). The 9 sensors are placed a few hundreds of meters from the Apusinikajik lateral front, the last 2 are placed on the glacier next to the collapsing front. In the second and third experiment (chronologically speaking), we deploy 10 and 8 stations, respectively. Each deployment is performed along a Bailey valley transect. The first one intercepts the front-end of the glacier and the sub-glacial river exit (flow of several m3/s). The second transect is performed some 850m upstream. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 3H, and are embargoed until summer of 2019.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 8.2GB
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The KISS network was installed in the frame of the "Klyuchevskoy Investigation - Seismic Structure of an extraordinary volcanic system" project and recorded data between summer 2015 and summer 2016 in one of the world's largest clusters of subduction volcanoes - the Klyuchevskoy volcanic group (KVG). It is located in eastern Russia at the northern end of the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone close to its intersection with the Aleutian arc and the north-western termination of Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain. Additional to the 4700m high Mount Klyuchevskoy the KVG contains 12 other volcanoes that have together erupted about 1 cubic meter rock per second averaged over the past 10,000 years. Among those Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny and Tolbachik were the most active ones during the last decades with eruptions styles ranging from explosive to Hawaiian-type. The KISS experiment is designed to investigate the volcanic and seismic processes and its structural setting in the KVG. The network covers a circular region of about 80km diameter with some linear extensions. It includes data from 77 temporary seismic stations with broadband and short period sensors that were installed on concrete plates in about 60cm deep holes. Due to the local conditions the stations were battery powered and could not be serviced during the experiment. GPS reception of the digitizers was not continuous at all stations due to thick snow cover and vegetation.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~320G
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  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The TOMO-ETNA experiment was focused on the base of generation and acquisition of seismic signal (active and passive) at Mt. Etna volcano and surrounding area. The terrestrial campaign consists in the deployment of 80 short-period three-component seismic stations (June 15 to July24), 17 Broadband seismometers (June 15 to October 30) provided by Helmholtz Centre Potsdam (GFZ) German Research Centre for Geosciences using the German Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP Gerätepool Geophysik), and the coordination with 133 permanent seismic station belonging to the “Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia” (INGV) of Italy. This temporary seismic network recorded active and passive seismic sources. Active seismic sources were generated by an array of air-guns mounted in the Spanish Oceanographic vessel “Sarmiento de Gamboa” with a power capacity of up to 5.200 cubic inches. In total more than 26.000 shots were fired and more than 450 local and regional earthquakes were recorded. Until July the Oceanographic Vessel “Sarmiento de Gamboa” and the hydrographic vessel “Galatea” were responsible for the offshore activities, that included deployment of OBSs, and several marine activities. The vessel “Aegaeo” performed additional seismic, magnetic and gravimetric experiments until the end of November 2014. This experiment was part of the “Task 5.3 - Mt. Etna structure” of the “EU MED-SUV Project” concerned with the investigation of Mt. Etna volcano (seismic tomography experiment - TOMO-ETNA) by means of passive and active refraction/reflection seismic methods. It focused on the investigation of Etna’s roots and surrounding areas by means of passive and active seismic methods. Therefore, this experiment included activities both on-land and offshore with the main objective to obtain a new high-resolution tomography in order to improve the 3D image of the crustal structures existing beneath the Etna volcano and the northeast Sicily (Peloritani - Nebrodi chain) up to the Aeolian Islands. Waveform data are open and available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 1T.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI ; Volcano
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 137GB
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The network consists of 5 stations covering the volcanic cone flanks. These stations were operative during one year with the final purpose of detect likely changes in the seismic activity of Lascar after the 2014 Iquique earthquake. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 8E, and are embargoed until 001 2019.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Greater than 40 GB
    Format: SEED data
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A seismological experiment was started in July 2014 in and around the East Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany. Following two unusually deep micro-earthquakes in September 2013 (about 40 km depth) a seismic network was installed to record more local seismic events in order to better understand the seismicity and dynamics of this region. Ten recording stations of the GFZ GIPP (Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam at Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) and three recording stations of the KIT KABBA (Karlsruhe BroadBand Array at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) were placed between the permanent stations of the state earthquake survey (Landeserdbebendienst). Altogether about 18-20 short-period and broadband stations could be used to study the seismicity up to August 2016. This dataset is unique concerning the station density in this region and allows determination of hypocenter parameters with high precision and accuracy, estimation of the local crustal and upper mantle structure as well as using array techniques for wavelengths of about 10-50 km. After August 2016 the network was reconfigured and continuously updated by KIT-GPI and LGB. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 1P, and is fully open.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 235GB
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  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: On 1st April, 23:46:50 UTC, an Mw 8.1 earthquake ruptured offshore northern Chile, near the town of Pisagua northwest of Iquique, followed one day later by a Mw7.6 event, both events in the centre of the Integrated Plate boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC). These earthquakes occurred within a seismic gap left behind by two great earthquakes devastating the northern Chilean and southern Peruvian coast about 140 years ago in 1868 and 1877. The segment inbetween, about 500 km long, was the only one along the Chilean subduction zone that has not ruptured within the last century. The earthquakes were recorded by the IPOC multi-parameter stations plus several additional off-line strong- and weak-motion instruments. A network of GPS monuments covering the onshore region deformed by the earthquake was measured just weeks before the event by GFZ scientists. Taking advantage of the long history of preceding work, presence of the permanent multi-parameter network and excellent knowledge of GFZ scientists of the region, a 20 short-period seismograph network was installed to complement the existing pre- and co-seismic data sets. This campaign was the first case for the „HAzard-Risk-Team (HART)“ initiative of GFZ. Stations operated from mid April 2014, i.e. shortly after the mainshock, to January 2016.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 196GB
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We carried out a passive seismic experiment formed by 50 broadband and short-period stations with an interstation distance of 3-4 km. These stations were in operation for 22 months, from 06/2013 to 05/2015. The seismic array (TRANSCORBE) was deployed in a linear configuration of 170 km length in a NW-SE direction. The southern edge of the prolife is located near the Mediterranean coast in Mazarrón (Murcia) crossing the Alhama de Murcia fault and the Cazorla Mountain range in the north. The main goal of this project is to study the crustal and upper mantle structures under the Eastern Betics mountain ranges and their variations along the different geological domains. It probes, from southeast to northwest, the Alboran domain (metamorphic rocks), the External zones (sedimentary rocks) and the Variscan terrains of the Iberian Massif. The proposed scientific work includes the analysis of the data using mainly P and S receiver functions, and velocity and attenuation tomographic techniques. The study area has undergone a complex tectonic evolution where slow WNW-ESE oblique convergence of Iberian and African plates coexists with a rapid westward rollback of a subducting slab. The inter-station distance allows us obtaining high-resolution images of the crustal structure essential to understand the tectonic evolution of the area and how the deformation produced by these processes is distributed among the involved geologic domains. This experiment was the results of a joint effort between the Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica (IAG), Granada University, and GFZ Potsdam. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9H and are embargoed until Jan 2021.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~150Gb
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We carried out a passive experiment operated with 10 broadband and short period seismic stations which were installed between July 2013 and May 2015 by a joint effort between the Instituto Andaluz de Geofísica, Granada University and the German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ. The goal of this project is to study the crustal and upper mantle structures under the Central Betic mountain ranges and the variations of these structures between the different geological domains as a prolongation towards the north of the HIRE profile (Heit, Yuan and Mancilla; 2010). Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 3J.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The TIPTIMON seismic deployment in Afghanistan aimed to study the seismotectonics of the Hindu Kush and the Tajik-Afghan basin. Within this network 8 seismic stations were deployed between 2013 to 2014 to study shallow and intermediate depth seismicity. TIPTIMON (Tien Shan-Pamir Monitoring) is a research programme funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the CAME Programme (Central Asia - Monsoon dynamics and Geo-ecosystems). All stations were equipped with MARK L-4C-3D geophones and DSS CUBE recorders, continuously recording with 100 samples per second. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 6C, and is embargoed until Oct 2018.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: approx. 275GB
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The TIPTIMON seismic deployment in Tajikistan aimed to study the seismotectonics of the western Pamir and Tajik-Afghan basin. Within this network 25 seismic stations were deployed between 2012 to 2014 to study shallow and intermediate depth seismicity. TIPTIMON (Tien Shan-Pamir Monitoring) is a research programme funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the CAME Programme (Central Asia - Monsoon dynamics and Geo-ecosystems). All stations recorded continuously with 100 samples per second and were equipped with EDL (EarthData PR6-24) recorders and broadband seismometers. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5C, and is embargoed until April 2018.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: approx. 510GB
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: From June 2012 to November 2013, the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS) together with the Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) operated an array of 80 broadband seismic stations in a 300 km by 150 km area straddling the Longmenshan fault zone around the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake. Since the occurrence of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake which ruptured about 300 km of the Longmenshan fault zone in May 2008, this region has attracted the attention of many Earth scientists. Since the earthquake the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling (WFSD) Project has drilled several holes up to 3 km depth. The main purpose of the present array of seismological stations is to investigate the deep structure of the region surrounding the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake. While the array was operating the Ms 6.6 Lushan earthquake occurred in April 2013 at the SW edge of the array. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 2F, and is embargoed until DEC 2017.
    Keywords: Continental tectonics: compressional ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 392GB
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  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Broadband seismic station deployed in Mauritius under RHUM-RUM project. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 3E under CC-BY 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 200GB
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The temporary Pollino Seismic Experiment, FDSN network code 4A, monitored the earthquake swarm in the Pollino Range region, Italy, between November 2012 and September 2014. The region is located at the transition from the Southern Apennines chain to the Calabrian arc. Striking a volume of about 20x20x15 km, the swarm started in October 2010, culminated in an Mw=5.2 event on 25 October 2012, and has continued since with a variable rate of activity. The area represents a seismic gap as there are no documented historical M〉6 earthquakes during the last thousand years. The tectonic structures of the area are poorly known. The experiment was part of a collaborative effort made by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) within the framework of the NERA and CCMP-Pompei projects. The 4A network consisted of 9 stations including 6 short-period and 3 broadband instruments, provided by GFZ. The permanent seismic network was complemented by the 9 GFZ stations and 5 IV stations temporarily installed by INGV. The short-period stations had Mark L-4C3D sensors with EDL digitizers. The broadband stations were equipped with STS2.5 seismometers and RefTek RT130S digitizers. Five short period and one broadband (CSA0 to CSA5) were installed in a small-aperture array in the west of the range. The other three stations (broadband: CSB, CSC and short period: CSD) were installed around the swarm area. The array and the network stations recorded in continuous mode at 200 Hz and at 100 Hz, respectively. The sensors were buried in the ground at 0.5 m depth except for CSB and CSD which were installed on the surface. High-precision station coordinates were obtained by using differential GPS measurements. The data have been used to analyze the earthquakes and seismogenetic structures and to discern the characteristics of the swarm sequence.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 208GB
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work we illustrate the results of some laboratory and full scale experiments which have the purposes of analysing the performance of different types of monitoring equipments in detection of damage level in masonry buildings. Such experiments involved monitoring, by means of optical fibre strain-metre and total laser station, of a selected building that, owing to its position in the active caldera of the Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy), could undergo remarkable ground shaking and large, although very slow, ground movements (bradyseismic crises) of volcanic origin. The field geodetic monitoring has been realised by an automatic system of topographical 3D survey, based on two automatic Total Station Leica TCA2003 and by increasing the number of benchmarks of the levelling network in the area near the building. The experiments have shown that structure deformations caused by elastic phase, when the building undergoes elastic deformation, is close or under the limit of detection through laser total station (about 1–2 mm), while, when the damage occurs, deformations increase up to values beyond 10–20 mm easily detectable by geodetic methods. The optical fibre monitoring provides good results in elastic phase, whereas as the damage level rises up the data become more and more difficult to understand. In conclusion the paper shows that the geodetic techniques are very useful in structural quasi real-time monitoring for analysing the behaviour of masonry buildings damaged by ground movements induced by landslide phenomena, bradyseism or intrinsic structural yielding.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1628-1644
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ground deformation ; Monitoring system ; Campi Flegrei bradyseism ; Building damage detection ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2023-11-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We installed two seismological broadband arrays on the volcanic oceanic island of Madeira and in western Portugal on continental crust for a comparison and combination with a deep ocean broadband array installed for seismicity analysis and structure imaging of the oceanic plate environment around the Gloria fault in the Northeast Atlantic with broadband arrays. The data of the deep ocean array are published separately. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code Y7 under CC-BY 4.0 license.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Other , Seismic Network
    Format: ~150Gb
    Format: SEED data
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The integrated plate boundary in Chile (IPOC) combines 15 broadband stations with strong-motion sensors, GPS, strain sensors and magneto-telluric stations. The Chilean subduction zone setting provides a high background rate of seismicity (crustal, intermediate depth, and plate interface) in a region with exceptionally low ambient noise, particularly at higher frequencies. We have deployed seismic mini-arrays in the vicinity of IPOC stations PB02 and PB07, and installed a third array to the east of these stations near the village of Quillagua, such that all three arrays form a triangle. Each array has 10 elements and an aperture in the km range. The study area lies just to the north of the northern boundary of the rupture area of the Tocopilla earthquake of 2007 (Mw=7.7) and just above or slightly to the east of the downdip limit of plate interface seismicity. Installing the mini-arrays in the area of the existing IPOC has the following advantages: * Independent knowledge of background structure and seismicity from existing and ongoing studies. * Should any transients or other unusual signals be found in the array data, we can look for anomalous signals in geodetic and MT recordings, which will help to narrow down possible underlying mechanisms.
    Keywords: MINAS, temporary MINi ArrayS wthin the frame of IPOC ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Greater than 990 GB
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 60
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Ketzin in a small town 20km west of Berlin that hosts a research facility for underground storage. Starting in 2008 the site was used to investigate the onshore geological storage of carbon dioxide (Liebscher et al., 2013). Among a large variety of downhole monitoring measurements and repeated 3D seismics above the storage formation, a seismic network was installed to investigate the possibility of monitoring subsurface processes related to the injection of CO2 with passive seismic recordings (Gassenmeier et al., 2015). The network was operated for 12 month from early 2011 to 2012 and consisted of 10 Guralp broadband sensors of the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP). Five instruments were located at the drilling site and five instruments were installed at a distance up to 3.5km around the injection site. The Instruments were either installed in basements or buried at a depth of about 70cm (KTE, KTF and KTG). The installation was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant 03G0736A) by the University of Leipzig and the GIPP.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Germany ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~240G
    Format: .mseed
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The lithosphere of Iberia has been formed through a number of processes of continental collision and extension. In Lower Paleozoic, the collision of three tectonics blocks produced the Variscan Orogeny, the main event of formation of the Iberian lithosphere. The subsequent Mesozoic rifting and breakup of the Pangea had a profound effect on the continental crust of the western border of Iberia. Since the Miocene, the southern interaction between Africa and Iberia is characterized by a diffuse convergent margin that originates a vast area of deformation. The impact of this complex tectonic in the structure of the Iberian Lithosphere remains an incognito, especially in its western part beneath Portugal. While the surface geology is considerably studied and documented, the crustal and lithospheric structures are not well constrained. The existing knowledge relating the observed surface geology and Lithospheric deep structures is sparse and sometimes incoherent. The seismic activity observed along West Iberia is intensely clustered on few areas, namely on north Alentejo, Estremadura and Regua-Verin fault systems. Some of the problems to address are: What is the relation between surface topography and the deep crustal/lithospheric structure? How was it influenced by the past tectonic events? Which was the deep driving factor behind the tectonic units observed at surface: Lithosphere-Astenosphere boundary structure or deeper mantle structure? How the upper mantle and the Lithosphere-Astenosphere transition zone accommodated the past subduction? Which is its role and influence of the several tectonic units, and their contacts, in the present tectonic regime and in the stress field observed today? Is the anomalous seismicity and associated crustal deformation rates, due to an inherited structure from past orogenies? The main goal of this work is a 3D detailed image of the “slice” of the Earth beneath Western Iberia, by complementing the permanent seismic networks operating in Portugal and Spain. The different scales involved require the usage of several passive seismological methods: Local-Earthquake Tomography for fine structure of seismogenic areas, ambient noise tomography for regional crustal structure, Receiver Functions for Lithospheric structure and Surface-wave tomography for large scale Listosphere-Astenosphere structure. Crustal and Mantle seismic anisotropy analysis, coupled with source analysis and correlation with current geodetic measurements will allow establishing a reference 3D anisotropy model of present and past processes.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; Western Iberia ; seismotectonics ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This project investigates the crust and upper mantle along a north-south oriented, about 350 km long profile from around the town of Ringkøbing in western Jutland to south of Hamburg in northwestern Germany, with a focus on teleseismic receiver functions and seismic tomography. A number of tectonic processes have affected the crust and uppermost mantle beneath southern Scandinavia and northern Germany: Precambrian crustal accretion in southern Baltica, Caledonian collision between Baltica and Avalonia along the Tornquist Suture Zone (TSZ), followed by Variscan collision and formation of the North German and the Norwegian-Danish basins, and more recent magmatic activity to the south. This study is particularly focused on the closure of the Tornquist Sea and the Caledonian collision between Baltica and Avalonia. A total of 29 stations, provided by GFZ and the University of Aarhus, were deployed between autumn 2010 and summer 2012, of which 25 form the main profile, and 4 are positioned in an off-line location. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code ZW, and are available under CC-BY 4.0 license according to GIPP-rules.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Etendeka continental flood-basalt province in northern Namibia, linked by the Walvis Ridge to the Tristan da Cunha hotspot, has great importance in global plate tectonic concepts, and is an ideal place to understand the role of the plume-lithosphere interaction during the break-up of the Southern Atlantic Ocean. Within this frame we operated an amphibian passive-source seismic network (WALPASS for Walvis Ridge Passive Source Experiment) in the region where the Walvis Ridge intersects with the continental margin of northern Namibia. The land network operated for over two years while the OBS stations were in operation for one year. The broadband seismic network is composed of 28 three-component land stations and 12 ocean-bottom stations. This configuration of stations will allow us to map the lithospheric and upper mantle structure in the ocean-continent transition beneath the passive continental margin of northern Namibia and to examine possible seismic anomalies related to the postulated hotspot track from the continent to the ocean along the Walvis Ridge. The acquired data should help clarify the velocity anomaly in the lowermost mantle caused by the Africa super plume and to improve the distribution of seismicity in this geophysically little studied region.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Greater than 720 GB
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Iquique Local Network (ILN), a temporal network of broadband and short period seismic stations has been operating in Northern Chile since 2009. The aim of this installation was to locally densify the permanent seismic installation of the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory in Chile (IPOC), with the main goal to decrease the magnitude of detected earthquake, to improve the hypocentral location accuracy, to allow a more accurate investigation of seismic source parameters, and to analyse proposed seismogenic structures of the Northern Chile seismic gap. The network setup evolved with time, with different geometries at different installation phases, aiming to study different seismicity features. In the first phase, started in 2009 and operational since 2010 until autumn 2013, the network had a sparse configuration, targeting a broad region extending from 19.5° S in the North to approximately 21.3° S South of Iquique. In the following stage, operational until fall 2017, most broadband stations were rearranged into a small aperture seismic array (PicArray) close to the village of Pica, to monitor with array techniques the shallow seismicity at the plate interfacer, intermediate and deep focus seismicity. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code IQ, and arefully open.
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; seismic noise ; earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; broad band ; velocity ; displacement ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
    Format: .mseed
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  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A temporary local seismic network was installed in the basin of Norcia (Italy) in January 2009 and operated until May 2009. Several recordings collected by the network are earthquakes of the 2009, Mw 6.3 L'Aquila seismic sequence. The seismic equipments consisted of fifteen Earth-Data Loggers (24 bit) connected to Mark L4-3D sensors (1Hz). The stations continuously recorded at a rate of 100 samples per second, and the timing was provided by a GPS link. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approximately 80 GB
    Format: .mseed
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  • 66
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    Unknown
    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Abstract
    Description: As part of the INDEPTH IV passive-source experiment from May 2007 until October 2008, 50 broadband seismographs (35 from GIPP, Germany and 15 from SEIS-UK) were deployed along two profiles across the Kunlun mountains and the Jinsha river suture in northeast Tibet. The aims of the project are to determine the crust and upper mantle structure beneath northeast Tibet, detect the sharpness of any steps in major crustal boundaries (e.g. Moho) and detect how deep major faults penetrate in order to examine the viability of the crustal flow hypothesis. The data from the 35 GIPP seismographs are archived at GEOFON at https://geofon.gfzpotsdam.de/waveform/archive/network.php?ncode=XO The data from the 15 SEIS-UK seismographs are archived at the IRIS-DMC at http://ds.iris.edu/mda/XO?timewindow=2007-2009. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code XO.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Earth structure ; Tibet ; passive seismology ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~200G
    Format: .mseed
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Earthquake swarms occur frequently in Vogtland/West Bohemia at the German-Czech border. The link between these earthquakes and magmatic fluids that escape at the surface has been debated and investigated. The Rohrbach/Vogtland seismic array, installed by the University of Potsdam, Germany, was a small-aperture array that monitored the major earthquake swarm in 2008 and the background seismicity between October 16, 2008 and March 18, 2009. The array consisted of 11 stations equipped with MarsLite data loggers and Lennartz Le3D-5s seismometers. Data were recorded in continuous mode at 250 Hz. Sensors were buried in the ground at 0.5 m depth. High-precision station coordinates were obtained using differential GPS measurements. The array data has been used for analyses of earthquakes and seismic structures. Waveform data is fully open.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; Germany ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approx. 95 GB
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  • 68
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    Unknown
    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Toba caldera is located in north Sumatra, Indonesia. It is part of the volcanic arc associated with the subduction of the Australian Plate beneath the Southeast-Asian Plate. The subduction zone, and the Sumatra Fault, a right lateral strike-slip fault which marks the plate boundary, are seismically active. In order to investigate the volcano-related seismic activity and image the volcano related structures (i.e. a potential magma chamber) using ambient noise techniques a dense seismic network was installed around Lake Toba between May and October 2008. The network, deployed within a German-Indonesian cooperation, comprised 42 continuously recording seismic stations equipped with three-component, short-period seismic sensors with 1 Hz natural frequency. The GPS-synchronised data loggers recorded at 100 samples per second for the experiment's time span of 6 months. During this time period local and regional seismicity was recorded. The array of stations covers an area of approx. 150 by 200 km with inter-station distances of about 20 km. The station distribution is quite irregular due to the difficult environmental conditions. Data from all stations are freely available from the GFZ seismological data archive.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approximately 287 GB
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  • 69
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We study deep structures and geodynamic processes in the Tien Shan and Pamir collision zones, central Asia, with passive source seismic experiments in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. In 2008, a total of 40 seismic stations were deployed predominantly along a 350 km long N-S profile and partly as a sparse 2D seismic network covering an area of 300x300 km of the central Pamir plateau. In 2009, the array was rearranged into a 2D network with higher station density. The proposed scientific tasks to study the crust and upper mantle with seismic methods include (i) teleseismic P and S receiver functions, (ii) shear wave splitting, (iii) location of local earthquakes and waveform inversion for source mechanism, (iv) seismic tomography using local and teleseismic earthquakes, and (v) tomography of surface waves and ambient noise.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approximately 440 GB
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The seismic array is part of a collaborative international passive-source seismic experiment in the southern Puna (25°S to 28°S) that aims to address fundamental questions on the processes that form, modify and destroy continental lithosphere and control lithospheric dynamics along Andean-type continental margins. The southern Puna is anomalous with respect to the rest of the Andean plateau in having a distinct magmatic and structural history, a large deficit in crustal shortening compared to its elevation and an underlying slab with a transitional dip between a steeper segment to the north and the Chilean flat-slab to the south. With the international project we proposed to test the hypothesis of the lithospheric delamination beneath the southern Puna. The total network consists of 75 seismic stations and has been operated in Argentina and chile for 2 years. The GFZ has contributed 30 stations with EarthData logger (EDL). Sensors include broadband Güralp 3ESP (60 s) and 3T (100 s) and short-period Mark L4 (1 s). Continuous data are freely available on the GEOFON. The US data can be requested from the IRIS.
    Keywords: Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Seismometers ; Velocity ; MiniSEED ; GIPP ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 496GB
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ) as part of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) is one of the most prominent suture zones in Europe separating the young Palaeozoic platform from the much older Precambrian East European craton. The knowledge of deep structure of the TESZ is very important for the understanding of various tectonic processes in Europe. The PASSEQ 2006-2008 seismic experiment was performed thanks to a big international effort of 17 institutions from 10 countries. A total of 139 three-component temporary short-period and 49 temporary broadband seismic stations provided continuous recordings between May 2006 and June 2008 with the main period of recordings during 2007, in an array about 1200 km long and 400 km wide running from Germany through the Czech Republic and Poland to Lithuania. The average spacing between all stations was about 60 km, attaining about 20 km in the central part. The configuration of the seismic network was a compromise among needs of different seismic methods. The dense central profile allows the use of modern passive 2-D imaging techniques, while the distribution of broadband sensors was designed for surface wave and receiver function studies of the upper mantle down to the transition zone in a wide frequency range. Waveform data is fully open, with network code 7E.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms, PASSEQ ; Germany ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approx 1684 GB
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Understanding the factors leading to large earthquakes in the coupling zone of convergent margins and their interrelation with surface deformation were the main aims of the international and interdisciplinary research initiative TIPTEQ (“From The Incoming Plate To megaThrust EarthQuake Processes”). Between Nov. 2004 and Oct. 2005 we deployed 2 temporary, amphibious seismic arrays in South-Central Chile. In this region the 1960 Mw = 9.5 earthquake nucleated. The northern network between 37° and 39°S was formed by up to 120 digitally recording land stations (equipped with short-period sensors) and 10 Ocean Bottom Seismometers/Hydrophones (OBS/OBH). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code ZW, and are available under CC-BY 4.0 license according to GIPP-rules.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~500G
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: EPG ; stylectomy ; phloem amino acids ; nitrogen ; aphid-plant interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of nitrogen deficiency in hydroponically grown barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L.) on the development and reproduction of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were investigated. Plant growth was significantly reduced in seedlings grown without nitrogen. Aphid intrinsic rate of increase (r m) was also significantly lower on these plants compared with that on plants grown with 8 mol m−3 nitrogen. Phloem sap was collected from seedling stems by aphid stylectomy and amino acids quantified by HPLC. There was a significant reduction in the concentration of non-essential amino acids as a group, but not of essential amino acids. Electrical penetration graphs (EPG) indicated that aphids reached the phloem more quickly and fed for longer on plants grown with nitrogen. This is the first reported study in which this combination of techniques has been used to understand the interactions of an aphid and plant under different environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: acetylene ion ; complex ; hydrogen ; nitrogen ; argon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The complexes formed by the positive acetylene ion with the hydrogen molecule, the nitrogen molecule, and the argon atom are investigated with ab initio calculations using the 6-311G** and the 6-31+G(2df,2pd) basis sets. MP2/6-311G** energies and optimum geometries are obtained, as well as single-point MP3, MP4, and QCISD(T) energies with the MP2/6-311G** optimized geometries. Single-point calculations are performed with the 6-31+G(2df,2pd) basis set at MP2/6-311G** optimized geometries.
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  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 56 (2000), S. 139-152 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; N leaching ; liquid manure ; catch crops ; N mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented from five years (1990–1995) of a field leaching experiment on a sandy soil in south-west Sweden. The aim was to study N leaching, change in soil organic N and N mineralization in cropping systems with continuous use of liquid manure (two application rates) and catch crops. N leaching from drains, N uptake in crops and mineral N in the soil were measured. Simulation models were used to calculate the N budget and N mineralization in the soil and to make predictions of improved fertilization strategies in relation to manure applications and changing the time for incorporation of catch crops. In treatments without catch crops, a normal and a double application of manure increased average N leaching by 15 and 34%, respectively, compared to treatment with commercial fertilizer. Catch crops reduced N leaching by, on average, 60% in treatments with a normal application of manure and commercial fertilizer, but only by 35% in the treatment with double the normal application rate of manure. Incorporation of catch crops in spring increased simulated net N mineralization during the crop vegetation period, and also during early autumn. In conclusion, manured systems resulted in larger N leaching than those receiving commercial fertilizer, mainly due to larger applications of mineral N in spring. More careful adaptation of commercial N fertilization with respect to the amounts of NH4-N applied with manure could, according to the simulations, reduce N leaching. Under-sown ryegrass catch crops effectively reduced N leaching in manured systems. Incorporating catch crop residues in late autumn instead of spring might be preferable with respect to N availability in the soil for the next crop, and would not increase N leaching.
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  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 15 (2000), S. 187-199 
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: BOD5 ; catchment ; empirical model ; land use change ; land use scenarios ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; runoff ; SO4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Due largely to unprecedented land-use changes in the Porijõgi River catchment (southern Estonia) losses of nutrients and organic matter have decreased significantly. During the period 1987–1997 abandoned lands increased from 1.7 to 10.5% and arable lands decreased from 41.8 to 23.9%. At the same time, the runoff of total-N, total-P, SO4 and organic matter (after BOD5) decreased from 25.9 to 5.1, 0.32 to 0.13, 78 to 48, and 7.4 to 3.5 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The most significant decreases occurred in agricultural subcatchments while the changes were insignificant in the forested upper course catchment. A simple empirical model which incorporates land-use pattern, fertilization intensity, soil parameters and water discharge accurately described the variations of total-N and total-P runoff in both the whole catchment and its agricultural subcatchments (R 2 varies from 0.95–0.99 for N to 0.49–0.93 for P). In small agricultural subcatchments the rate of fertilization is found the most important factor for nitrogen runoff, whereas in larger mosaic watersheds land use pattern plays the main role. Seven alternative scenarios compiled on the base of the empirical model allow to forecast potential nitrogen and phosphorus losses from the catchment. This information can be used in further landscape and regional planning of the whole region.
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  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 20 (2000), S. 87-110 
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: striations ; nitrogen ; spherical discharge ; spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation ; electron velocity distribution function ; dc glow discharge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Recent observations of spherical striations in large-volume nitrogen dcdischarges with a central anode have stimulated investigations of thenonlocal electron kinetics in these striations by solving the spatiallyinhomogeneous Boltzmann equation adapted to spherical geometry. Becausethe radial course of the electric potential is largely unknown in thisdischarge, different models concerning its radial course have been developedand used. These models are based on the measured radii of the striationsand the assumption that the potential drop between successive striationsdoes not change. As a consequence, with decreasing distance between thestriations the electric field strongly increases toward the centralanode. It has been found that spherical striations are only obtained ifthe electric field is strongly modulated. In this case, a highly nonlocalbehavior of the velocity distribution function and strongly modulatedradial courses of the macroscopic quantities have been obtained.
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  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 1749-1763 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Conversion factor ; free amino acids ; fruits ; Kjeldahl ; nitrogen ; nutrition ; protein ; pulp ; secondary metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Protein content of plant tissues is usually estimated by multiplying total nitrogen by a conversion factor of 6.25. This technique assumes that all nitrogen originates from protein. When applied to fruit pulp, it overestimates protein content because pulp typically contains free amino acids and many nitrogenous secondary metabolites. At issue is the extent of error and, consequently, what the conversion factor between nitrogen and protein should be. We calculated a conversion factor based on pulp samples from 18 species collected in the southeastern United States. We also report a new and simple method of estimating protein and free amino acids in fruit pulp. Because previous studies have found high variation in protein and secondary metabolite content among fruit species, use of a single conversion factor for all species will generate error. In an attempt to reduce such error, we calculated protein contents and conversion factors separately for two common fruit types: lipid-rich/carbohydrate-poor and lipid-poor/carbohydrate-rich. We found no difference between these types of fruit and hence combined results in calculating an average conversion factor of 5.64. Use of an accurate conversion factor is important in estimating protein consumption by wild animals and in formulating diets of captive animals. It can also reveal whether loss of body mass in captive animals on fruit diets is due to insufficient protein consumption, secondary metabolite toxicity, or an imbalance of amino acids.
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  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 12 (2000), S. 331-339 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: algal biomass ; algal uptake ; ammonia stripping ; biological nutrient removal ; high rate algal ponds ; nitrogen ; nutrients ; nitrification ; urban wastewater treatment ; waste stabilisation ponds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two experimental high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) (1.5m2, 570 L per unit), each with a secondaryclarifier for algal biomass separation (0.025 m2,without recirculation), were fed with urban wastewaterfor a one-year period (June 1993 to July 1994). TheHRAPs were installed on the roof of the Department ofHydraulic, Coastal and Environmental Engineering ofthe Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona,Spain (lat. 41° 24′ 42″ N; long. 2° 7′42″ E). Nitrogen removal efficiency and changes intotal nitrogen, total organic nitrogen,NH4 +-N, and oxidized nitrogen underdifferent hydraulic retention times (HRTs) werecompared. HRAP A was always operated at a higherHRT than HRAP B. Both HRAPs were subjected to thesame environmental conditions of solar radiation, airtemperature and influent water quality. Grab samplesof influent, effluent of the HRAP (mixed liquor) andfinal effluent from the clarifiers were taken once aweek. The annual average nitrogen removal was 73% forHRAP A, and 57% for HRAP B. Higher removal in HRAP Awas due to a lower inorganic nitrogen concentration inits effluent. Significant differences (p〉 0.05) inthe relative proportions of nitrogen forms between thetwo HRAPs were observed only in autumn and winter.This was mainly because HRAP B did not achieve a highlevel of NH4 +-N removal by stripping andalgal uptake, as observed in HRAP A. NH4 +-Nstripping was the most important mechanism fornitrogen removal (mean efficiency of 47% and 32% inHRAP A and B, respectively) followed by algal uptake,and subsequent algal separation in the clarifiers(mean efficiency of 26% and 25% in HRAP A and Brespectively). The conclusion of this study is thatHRT determines both the nitrogen removal efficiencyand the distribution of nitrogen forms in the effluentof a HRAP. The nitrogen removal level can becontrolled through suitable HRT operating strategies.By operating at a HRT of 4 days in spring and summer,and 10 days in autumn and winter, nitrogenconcentration in the effluent of a HRAP system can bereduced to less than 15 mg L-1 N.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: nitrogen ; organic matter ; shrimp culture ; sulphur cycle bacteria ; water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1573-1642
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; macroalgae ; estuary ; anthropogenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Our objective was to begin to investigate sources, sinks, and flux rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in Famosa Slough, a small (12 ha) highly modified urban estuary in San Diego, California, U.S.A. The hydrology of Famosa Slough has been modified by culverts that dampen tidal influence and seasonal runoff from two urban watersheds, each of which has been implicated as a nutrient source that generates nuisance algal blooms. In 1995 and 1996, the ranges of nutrients measured in the water column were extremely wide; upper values exceeded those in other estuaries identified as eutrophic. Average dissolved inorganic nitrogen ranged from 2 to 250 μM, while dissolved inorganic phosphorus ranged from 〈1 to 15 μM. Nutrient content of the water changed rapidly both spatially and temporally depending on the tides and rainfall. While tidal water dominated this system, especially in the dry season, our results indicate that Famosa Slough's small watershed, not the larger watershed of the San Diego River, was the major source of nutrients during rainfall. Sediment nutrients were also high (∼3 mg N g dry wt−1 and 0.600 mg P g dry wt−1). Short-term flux studies suggest that the large accumulations of opportunistic green macroalgae commonly found in this estuary, and possibly the sediments, may act as a large and rapid sink for nutrients during times of high nutrient supply. We suggest that small, shallow estuaries in urban settings may have more complex and rapid nutrient dynamics than those found in larger systems.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: carbon ; cellulose ; cover crop ; damping-off ; discriminant analysis ; lignin ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Stages of oat–vetch cover crop decomposition were characterized over time in terms of carbon and nitrogen cycling, microbial activity and damping-off pathogen dynamics in organically and conventionally managed soils in a field and a controlled incubation experiment. A measurement of relative growth consisting of radial growth of a fungal colony over non-sterilized soil divided by that over sterilized soil was used as an assay of suppressiveness. No differences in relative growth of Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani were detected between organic and conventionally managed soils amended with cover crop residue. Significant effects of cover crop decomposition stage on the relative growth of both pathogens were obtained. Relative growth of P. aphanidermatum was highest just after incorporation and decreased 3 weeks after incorporation. Relative growth of R. solani was highest about 20 days after incorporation, and decreased 2 weeks later in the organic system, but continued to increase in the conventional system. In both experiments, the N or C content, C:N ratio or dry weight of retrieved debris were significantly correlated with relative growth of P. aphanidermatum. Relative growth of R. solani was significantly correlated with the C:N ratio of soil or the C or N content of debris. Microbial activity was not consistently associated with relative growth of either pathogen.
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  • 83
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    Wetlands ecology and management 8 (2000), S. 197-207 
    ISSN: 1572-9834
    Keywords: benthic invertebrates ; mitigation ; nitrogen ; organic matter ; pedogenesis ; phosphorus ; plant productivity ; restoration and rehabilitation ; salt marsh ; wetland creation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of wetland soil characteristics andbenthic invertebrate communities were evaluated increated Spartina alterniflorasalt marshes inNorth Carolina ranging in age from 1 to 25 years-old.A combination of measurements from different-agecreated marshes as well as periodic measurements overtime on two marshes were used to (1) document rates ofwetland pedogenesis, especially soil organic matter,and, (2) explore relationships between soil andbenthic invertebrate community development. Soilmacro-organic matter (MOM, the living and dead rootand rhizome mat), organic C and N increased and bulkdensity decreased during the 25 years following marshestablishment. The most dramatic changes in bulkdensity, MOM, C and N occurred within the upper 10 cmof the soil with lesser changes below this depth.Created marshes were sinks for organic C (90–140g·m-2·yr-1) and N (7–11g·m-2·yr-1) but not for P (0–1g·m-2·yr-1). The density of benthicinvertebrates (〉250 μm) and subsurface-depositfeeding oligochaetes also increased over time oncreated salt marshes. Invertebrate and oligochaetedensity were strongly related to MOM content(r2= 0.83–0.87) and soil organic C(r2= 0.52–0.82) and N (r2= 0.62–0.84). Thesefindings suggest that, in created salt marshes,development of the benthic invertebrate community istied to marsh soil formation, especially accumulationof organic matter as MOM and soil. Field studies thatmanipulate the quantity and quality of soil organicmatter are needed to elucidate the relationshipbetween salt marsh pedogenesis and benthicinvertebrate community development.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonia exchange ; apoplast ; atmosphere ; glutamine synthetase ; nitrogen ; photorespiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plants have a compensation point for NH3 which ranges from 0.1 to 20 nmol mol-1, and may be several-fold higher or lower than naturally occurring atmospheric NH3 concentrations. This implies that NH3 fluxes over vegetated surfaces are bi-directional and that ammonia exchange with the atmosphere in many cases contributes significantly to the nitrogen economy of vegetation. Physiological regulation of plant–atmosphere NH3 fluxes is mediated via processes involved in nitrogen uptake, transport and metabolism. A rapid turnover of NH3 + in plant leaves leads to the establishment of a finite NH3 + concentration in the leaf apoplastic solution. This concentration determines, together with that of H+, the size of the NH3 compensation point. Barley and oilseed rape plants with access to NH3 + in the root medium have higher apoplastic NH3 + concentrations than plants absorbing NO3 -. Furthermore, the apoplastic NH3 + concentration increases with the external NH3 + concentration. Inhibition of GS leads to a rapid and substantial increase in apoplastic NH3 + and barley mutants with reduced GS activity have higher apoplastic NH3 + than wild-type plants. Increasing rates of photorespiration do not affect the steady-state NH3 + or H+ concentration in tissue or apoplast of oilseed rape, indicating that the NH3 + produced is assimilated efficiently. Nevertheless, NH3 emission increases due to a temperature-mediated displacement of the chemical equilibrium between gaseous and aqueous NH3 in the apoplast. Sugarbeet plants grown with NO3 - seem to be temporarily C-limited in the light due to a repression of respiration. As a consequence, the activity of chloroplastic GS declines during the day causing a major part of NH3 + liberated in photorespiration to be assimilated during darkness when 2-oxoglutarate is supplied in high rates by respiration.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cereal ; cereal quality ; cereal yields ; natural regeneration ; nitrogen ; nitrogen uptake ; rye-grass ; set-aside ; white clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract During the period 1993–1997, at six contrasting sites located throughout England, two successive cereal test crops were grown both with and without nitrogen fertiliser after three or five years of set-aside or after continuous arable cropping. Vegetation during set-aside included natural regeneration and perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne) with or without white clover (Trifolium repens), managed by mowing on one or more occasions per year. Establishment of the successive cereal test crops after destruction of the set-aside was generally not a problem. Fertile tiller numbers were increased by inclusion of clover in the set-aside cover or application of inorganic nitrogen. The presence of couch grass (Elytrigia repens) or volunteer cereals in the set-aside covers provided alternative hosts for take-all (Gaeumanomyces graminis) and eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) and take-all caused some yield reductions in following cereal crops. Management during the set-aside period significantly affected grain yields of the subsequent cereal crops in the majority of the site-year combinations. However, these effects were not as large as would be expected after traditional break crops and were frequently masked by the application of nitrogen fertiliser. Mean yields increased by 80% due to the application nitrogen at the optimum rate compared to nil nitrogen. Most of the effects of set-aside treatment on grain yield were shown to be attributable to soil mineral nitrogen content, but at some sites, infections by take-all or eyespot also accounted for some of the variation. There were no effects of pests that could be related to treatment. The presence of sown clover during the set-aside period had the most consistent effect across sites, affecting tiller populations, grain yield and grain quality of cereal crops. At some sites, establishing a sown cover during the set-aside period, or cutting the cover more than once a year, improved grain yield and quality, and reduced the incidence of some specific weeds and disease.
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  • 86
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    Plant and soil 226 (2000), S. 57-69 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ABA ; K/Na selectivity ; nitrate reduction ; nitrogen ; phloem ; phosphate ; root-shoot interactions ; salinity ; xylem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In this paper four classes of co-operative root-shoot interations are addressed. (I) Nitrogen concentrations in the xylem sap originating from the root and in the phloem sap as exported from source leaves are much lower than those required for growth by apices and developing organs. Enrichment of xylem sap N is achieved by xylem to xylem (X-X) transfer, by which reduced N, but not nitrate, is abstracted from the xylem of leaf traces and loaded into xylem vessels serving the shoot apex. Nitrogen enrichment of phloem sap from source leaves is enacted by transfer of reduced N from xylem to phloem (X-P transfer). Quantitative data for the extent of the contribution of X-X and X-P transfer to the nutrition of young organs of Ricinus communis L. and for their change with time are presented. (II) Shoot and root cooperate in nitrate reduction and assimilation. The partitioning of this process between shoot and root is shifted towards the root under conditions of nitrate- and K-deficiency and under salt stress, while P deficiency shifts nitrate reduction almost totally to the shoot. All four changes in partitioning can be attributed to the need for cation-anion balance during xylem transport and the change in electrical charge occurring with nitrate reduction. (III) Even maintenance of the specificity of ion uptake by the root may – in addition to its need for energy – require a shoot-root interaction. This is shown to be needed in the case of the maintenance of K/Na selectivity under the highly adverse condition of salt stress and absence of K supply from the soil. (IV) Hormonal root to shoot interactions are required in the whole plant for sensing mineral imbalances in the soil. This is shown and addressed for conditions of salt stress and of P deficiency, both of which lead to a strong ABA signalling from root to shoot but result in different patterns of response in the shoot.
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  • 87
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    Plant and soil 219 (2000), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alfalfa ; growth ; Medicago sativa L. ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of biomass and N accumulation following defoliation of alfalfa and the application of N fertilization has rarely been studied under field conditions, particularly in the seeding year. Our objectives were to determine the effect of N fertilization on the dynamics of biomass and N accumulation during the first regrowth of alfalfa in the seeding year, and to determine if a model describing critical N concentration developed for established stands could be used in the seeding year. In two separate experiments conducted in 1992 and 1993, the biomass and N accumulation of alfalfa grown with three N rates (0, 40 and 80 kg N ha-1) were determined weekly. Maximum shoot growth was reached with 40 kg N ha-1 in 1992, and maximum shoot growth was not reached with the highest N fertilization rate in 1993. Nitrogen fixation, root N reserves and soil inorganic N uptake when no N was applied were, therefore, not sufficient to ensure non-limiting N conditions, particularly when growth rates were the highest between 14 to 21 d after defoliation. Nitrogen fertilization increased shoot biomass accumulation in the first 21 d of regrowth, biomass partitioning to the shoots and shoot and taproot N concentrations. The model parameters of critical N concentration developed by Lemaire et al. (1985) for established stands of alfalfa were not adequate in the seeding year. The N requirements per unit of shoot biomass produced are greater in the seeding year than on established stands, and this was attributed to a greater proportion of leaves in the seeding year.
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  • 88
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    Plant and soil 219 (2000), S. 273-278 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cellulose ; lignin ; litter ; nitrogen ; Pinus radiata ; tannins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The quality of substrates in plantation forest litter, and their chemistry, can influence decomposition and N cycling. We studied the decomposition of Pinus radiata D. Don needles suspended on branches in windrows, for 3 yr after clear-cutting, using improved solid-state 13C NMR and chemical analysis. The NMR spectra suggested that the concentration of condensed tannins was 12–22%, and showed they were chemically altered during the period 4–12 months after clear-cutting. The spectra showed no evidence for further chemical modification of the tannins during the second or third years. Data for P. radiata needle decomposition in New Zealand indicated rapid loss of mass in the first 3 months, and condensed tannins did not appear to prevent mineralization of C or N. The tannin and lignin concentrations increased with decomposition of the needles, which was consistent with the early mineralization of readily available C compounds.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cations ; fire ; nitrogen ; nutrients ; phosphorus ; slash-and-burn ; soil ; tropical forests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The most commonly observed change in soil following slash-and-burn clearing of tropical forest is a short-term increase in nutrient availability. Studies of shifting cultivation commonly cite the incorporation of nutrient-rich ash from consumed aboveground biomass into soil as the reason for this change. The effects of soil heating on nutrient availability have been examined only rarely in field studies of slash-and-burn, and soil heating as a mechanism of nutrient release is most often assumed to be of minor importance in the field. Few budgets for above and belowground nutrient flux have been developed in the tropics, and a survey of results from field and laboratory studies indicates that soils are sufficiently heated during most slash-and-burn events, particularly in dry and monsoonal climates, to cause significant, even substantial release of nutrients from non-plant-available into plant-available forms in soil. Conversely, large aboveground losses of nutrients during and after burning often result in low quantities of nutrients that are released to soil. Assessing the biophysical sustainability of an agricultural practice requires detailed information about nutrient flux and loss incurred during management. To this end, current conceptual models of shifting cultivation should be revised to more accurately describe these fluxes and losses.
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  • 90
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    Plant and soil 223 (2000), S. 47-61 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: correlograms ; nitrogen ; soil arthropods ; soil resource islands ; variograms ; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study compared the sizes, spacings and properties (soil moisture, pH, nitrogen, soil arthropods and VAM) of soil resource islands and bare patches in sagebrush-grass communities invaded by western juniper versus those without juniper. We analyzed 1000 surface soil samples taken from nine 50-m radius circular plots sampled in December of 1991 and May of 1992 on ‘The Island’, one of the few undisturbed areas of sagebrush-grass shrubland in Oregon. Spatial structure was interpreted from correlograms (Moran's I) and standardized semivariograms. The presence of juniper was associated with increased bare area and smaller, more widely spaced grass and sagebrush plants. Soil arthropod numbers and biomass in plots with juniper were only roughly one-fifth of those in sagebrush-grass plots in December. The dominant soil pattern in both sagebrush-grass and juniper-sagebrush-grass plots was regularly-distributed patches spanning a range of sizes and spacings. Plots with juniper had greater patchiness at shorter lags (〈3 m), and patchiness was more developed for soil moisture, net nitrification, and net N mineralization, whereas sagebrush-grass plots had greater patchiness at longer lags (3 – 9 m) and patchiness was more developed for NO3–N, arthropod numbers and biomass. These differences in soil patterns with and without juniper indicate that juniper responds to, or causes, changes in the size of resource islands under sage and grass when it invades sage-grass communities.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: crop residues ; nitrogen ; organic residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted to test a new approach to the 15N isotope dilution technique for estimating crop N uptake from organic inputs. Soils were pre-labelled with 15N fertiliser and a carbon source. These were then incubated until there was stabilisation of the 15N abundance of the inorganic N pool and resumption of inorganic N concentrations. Residues were then applied to the soils and planted with ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) to determine the nitrogen derived from the residue (Ndfr) using the isotope dilution equations. This method was compared with the direct method, i.e. where 15N-labelled residues were added to the soil and Ndfr in the ryegrass calculated directly. Estimates of percentage nitrogen derived from the residue (%Ndfr) alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) in the ryegrass, were similar, 22 and 23% for the direct and soil pre-labelling methods, respectively, in the Wechsel sandy loam. Also, estimates of the %Ndfr from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) residues in the Krumbach sandy loam were similar 34% (direct) and 36% (soil pre-labelling approach). However, in the Seibersdorf clay loam, the %Ndfr from soybean was 49% using the direct method and 61% using the soil pre-labelling method; yet Ndfr from common bean residue was 46% using the direct approach and 40% using the pre-labelling, not significantly different (P 〉 0.05). The soil pre-labelling approach appears to give realistic values for Ndfr. It was not possible to obtain an estimate of Ndfr using the soil pre-labelling method from the maize residues (Zea mays L.) in two of the soils, as there was no increase in the total N of the ryegrass over the growing period. This was probably due to microbial immobilisation of inorganic N, as a result of the wide C:N ratio of the residue added. The results suggest that the new soil pre-labelling method is feasible and that it is a potentially useful technique for measuring N release from a wide range or organic residues, but it requires further field-testing.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon ; functional types ; leaf tensile strength ; litter quality ; mass loss ; nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Litter decomposition, a major determinant of ecosystem functioning, is strongly influenced by the litter quality of different species. We aimed at (1) relating interspecific variation in leaf litter decomposition rate to the functional types different species belong to; and (2) understanding the chemical and/or physical basis for such variation and its robustness to environmental factors. We selected 52 Angiosperms from a climatic gradient in central-western Argentina, representing the widest range of functional types and habitats published so far. Ten litter samples of each species were simultaneously buried for 9 weeks during the 1996 summer in an experimental decomposition bed. Decomposition rate was defined as the percentage of dry mass loss after incubation. Chemical litter quality was measured as carbon (C) content, nitrogen (N) content, and C-to-N ratio. Since tensile strength of litter and living leaves were strongly correlated, the latter was chosen as an indicator of physical litter quality. A subset of 15 species representing different functional types was also incubated in England for 15 weeks, following a similar experimental procedure. Litter C-to-N and leaf tensile strength of the leaves showed the strongest negative associations with decomposition rate, both at the species and at the functional-type level. Decomposition rates of the same species in Argentina and in England were strongly correlated. This reinforces previous evidence that species rankings in terms of litter decomposition rates are robust to methodological and environmental factors. This paper has shown new evidence of plant control over the turnover of organic matter through litter quality, and confirms, over a broad spectrum of functional types, general models of resource allocation. The strong correlations between leaf tensile strength – a trait that is easy and quick to measure in a large number of species – decomposition rate, and C-to-N ratio indicate that leaf tensile strength can be useful in linking plant quality to decomposition patterns at the ecosystem level.
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  • 93
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    Plant and soil 219 (2000), S. 57-69 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: decomposition ; litter quality ; mycorrhiza ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; saprotrophic microorganisms ; tannins ; forest soils ; acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied variation in forest floor thickness in four plantations of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) which were similar in age, soil type and associated vegetation. The plantations were located (west to east) in the Clear Creek, Moshannon, Sproul and Tiadaghton State Forests of Pennsylvania, USA. A gradient in forest floor thickness exists across these plantations; the forest floor is thickest in the west and it becomes progressively thinner toward the east. Decomposition of imported litter increased from west to east, suggesting that the variation in forest floor thickness is related to variation in the rate of decomposition. Decomposition rates were related to saprotroph abundance. Variation in forest floor N and phenolic concentrations, in overall mycorrhiza density and in the relative proportions of three common mycorrhiza morphotypes could not explain the variation in decomposition rate. The P concentrations and pH of the forest floor were significantly lower at Clear Creek and Moshannon, where decomposition rates were lowest, compared to Sproul and Tiadaghton, where decomposition rates were most rapid. This suggests that P concentration and pH may have exerted some control on decomposition.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: climate change ; immobilisation ; mineralisation ; N-turnover ; nitrogen ; soil organic matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The following arguments are outlined and then illustrated by the response of the Hurley Pasture Model to [CO2] doubling in the climate of southern Britain. 1. The growth of N-limited vegetation is determined by the concentration of N in the soil mineral N pools and high turnover rates of these pools (i.e., large input and output fluxes) contribute positively to growth. 2. The size and turnover rates of the soil mineral N pools are determined overwhelmingly by N cycling into all forms of organic matter (plants, animals, soil biomass and soil organic matter — `immobilisation' in a broad sense) and back again by mineralisation. Annual system N gains (by N2 fixation and atmospheric deposition) and losses (by leaching, volatilisation, nitrification and denitrification) are small by comparison. 3. Elevated [CO2] enriches the organic matter in plants and soils with C, which leads directly to increased removal of N from the soil mineral N pools into plant biomass, soil biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). ‘Immobilisation’ in the broad sense then exceeds mineralisation. This is a transient state and as long as it exists the soil mineral N pools are depleted, N gaseous and leaching losses are reduced and the ecosystem gains N. Thus, net immobilisation gradually increases the N status of the ecosystem. 4. At the same time, elevated [CO2] increases symbiotic and non-symbiotic N2 fixation. Thus, more N is gained each year as well as less lost. Effectively, the extra C fixed in elevated [CO2] is used to capture and retain more N and so the N cycle tracks the C cycle. 5. However, the amount of extra N fixed and retained by the ecosystem each year will always be small (ca. 5–10 kg N ha-1 yr-1) compared with amount of N in the immobilisation-mineralisation cycle (ca. 1000 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Consequently, the ecosystem can take decades to centuries to gear up to a new equilibrium higher-N state. 6. The extent and timescale of the depletion of the mineral N pools in elevated [CO2] depends on the N status of the system and the magnitude of the overall system N gains and losses. Small changes in the large immobilisation—mineralisation cycle have large effects on the small mineral N pools. Consequently, it is possible to obtain a variety of growth responses within 1–10 year experiments. Ironically, ecosystem models — artificial constructs — may be the best or only way of determining what is happening in the real world.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: deciduous tree ; foliar pigmentation ; fungus ; litter mass loss ; nitrogen ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We tested the hypothesis that there is a causal connection between autumn colour, nutrient concentration and decomposibility of fresh leaf litter. Samples from patches of different autumn colours within the leaves of the deciduous tree sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) were sealed into litter bags and incubated for one winter in an outdoor leaf mould bed. Green leaf patches were decomposed faster than yellow or brown patches and this corresponded with the higher N and P concentrations in the former. Black patches, indicating colonisation by the tar spot fungus Rhytisma acerinum, were particularly high in P, but were decomposed very slowly, owing probably to resource immobilisation by the fungus. The results supported the hypothesis and were consistent with a previous study reporting an interspecific link between autumn coloration and decomposition rate. Autumn leaf colour of deciduous woody plants may serve as a useful predictor of litter decomposibility in ecosystem or biome scale studies where extensive direct measurements of litter chemistry and decomposition are not feasible.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Stable isotope tracers ; carbon ; nitrogen ; mangroves ; litterfall ; suspended matter ; zooplankton ; macrobenthos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stable carbon isotopic composition and C/N ratio were used to trace the input of carbon associated with mangrove litter into the estuary of the Godavari–Gautami delta system and Kakinada bay (Andhra Pradesh, India). Suspended organic matter in the mangrove channels was more depleted in 13C (average δ13C = −24.5‰) than in Kakinada bay which showed δ13C values for suspended matter (average δ13C = −22.7‰) closer to those expected for marine phytoplankton. Suspended organic matter from mangrove channels was enriched in nitrogen (average C/N atom ratio ≤ 12.7) and 13C (average δ13C = −24.5‰) relative to mangrove leaf litter, which had a C/N ratio of 75 and a δ13C value of −28‰. Lowest C/N ratios for suspended matter were observed during southwest monsoon when rainfall was highest. Although in general, mangrove litter fall was also lower during this period, no clear correlation was observed between litter fall and C/N ratio of suspended matter. In general, the composition of suspended matter pointed towards phytoplankton as a major component. Isotopic composition of zooplankton suggested selective feeding on 13C-enriched, marine phytoplankton in open Kakinada bay and on 13C-depleted organic matter, such as estuarine phytoplankton and mangrove litter, in the mangrove channels. From the δ13C signature, it appeared that mangrove carbon was present to some extent in zooplankton and macrofauna from the mangrove mudflats and channels, but the signal rapidly decreased in Kakinada bay. Nitrogen isotopic composition of zooplankton and macrofauna indicated a progressive enrichment of 15N away from the mangrove forest towards the northern part of Kakinada bay, in approach of Kakinada city. This is thought to reflect input of anthropogenic nitrogen enriched in 15N and subsequent uptake of this enriched nitrogen into the aquatic food chain.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Bouteloua eriopoda ; Chihuahuan Desert ; desertification ; hydrology ; Larrea tridentata ; nitrogen ; nutrient budgets ; phosphorus ; runoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Losses of dissolved nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na,Cl, and SO4) in runoff were measured on grasslandand shrubland plots in the Chihuahuan desert ofsouthern New Mexico. Runoff began at a lowerthreshold of rainfall in shrublands than ingrasslands, and the runoff coefficient averaged 18.6%in shrubland plots over a 7-year period. In contrast,grassland plots lost 5.0 to 6.3% of incidentprecipitation in runoff during a 5.5-year period. Nutrient losses from shrubland plots were greater thanfrom grassland plots, with nitrogen losses averaging0.33 kg ha−1 yr−1 vs0.15 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, during a 3-year period. Thegreater nutrient losses in shrublands were due tohigher runoff, rather than higher nutrientconcentrations in runoff. In spite of these nutrientlosses in runoff, all plots showed net accumulationsof most elements due to inputs from atmosphericdeposition. Therefore, loss of soil nutrients byhillslope runoff cannot, by itself, account for thedepletion of soil fertility associated withdesertification in the Chihuahuan desert.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nutrient flux ; nitrogen ; phosphate ; tidal flats ; temperature ; geographical comparison
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During an annual cycle, flux rates of oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate were measured in light and dark bell jars at three sites in Ria Formosa (Algarve, Portugal) enclosing either a natural macrophytic community (macroalgae on sand or mud, a seagrass bed of Zostera noltii) or bare sediments. The results are compared with a preceeding study in which the same bell jar technique has been applied in the Sylt-Rømø Bay of the northern Wadden Sea. Nitrate flux was mainly directed from the water column to the benthic communities in Ria Formosa, as well as in the Sylt-Rømø Bay. However, nitrate uptake was higher in the northern, more eutrophic study area. In Ria Formosa, nutrient concentrations were lower than in the Sylt-Rømø Bay possibly due to strong water exchange with Atlantic waters. High temperatures and strong insolation had a greater impact on nitrate fluxes in Ria Formosa than in the Sylt-Rømø Bay. Bioturbating macrofauna increased ammonium efflux in the Sylt- Rømø Bay while this effect was not as pronounced in the Ria Formosa study sites. Benthic phosphate uptake dominated in the Ria Formosa and was correlated to initial phosphate concentrations in incoming waters. At both study sites, oxygen and nutrient fluxes were correlated with temperature. Additionally, flux rates were strongly influenced by biotic components and levels of eutrophication. A literature survey showed that mainly in temperate regions, material fluxes increase with temperature, whereas in warmer areas, ammonium and phosphate fluxes between sediment and water were generally lower.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Nicotiana sylvestris ; nitrogen ; nicotine ; allocation ; growth ; reproduction ; induced defenses ; costs of defense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We present the first evidence for a fitness cost of an inducible response that is detectable in a nitrogen (N) currency. Nicotine is an induced defense in Nicotiana sylvestris that can utilize 5–8% of the plant's total N, an investment that apparently cannot be recouped by metabolism. Induced nicotine production is endogenously regulated by jasmonic acid (JA), and we treated leaves with the methyl ester of this wound hormone (MeJA) in quantities (0, 25, 250 μg) known to elicit changes in endogenous JA and subsequent nicotine responses comparable to those elicited by mechanical wounding and herbivory in this species. We grew plants in competition chambers (CCs) in which three same-sized plants could compete for a communal but fixed pool of 15NO3 to quantify the outcome of competition for this fitness-limiting resource that is used both in defense and seed production. Competition profoundly increased all measures of growth and reproductive performance measured per milligram of N acquired. While plants acquired all the N supplied to them in the hydroponic solution, plants grown in CCs (as compared those grown in individual chambers—ICs) retained more of this N and produced more biomass, had larger nicotine contents, allocated less of their N to nicotine, produced larger floral stalks with more flowers, aborted fewer flowers, matured more capsules, and produced a greater mass of seed. Plants grown in ICs produced heavier seed, but this difference did not translate into a difference in seed viability. MeJA treatment increased nicotine concentrations in proportion to the amount applied and significantly reduced growth (13–23%) and reproductive (31–44%) performance for plants grown with uninduced competitors, reflecting a large opportunity cost of induction. The effects of MeJA treatment on growth and reproduction were significantly less pronounced for plants grown in ICs. MeJA treatment significantly reduced the ability of plants to compete for [15N]KNO3 (reducing uptake by 9.5% and 23.7% for 25- and 250-μg MeJA-treated plants, respectively); no reductions in N acquisition were found in IC grown plants treated with MeJA. This impairment of competitive ability could account for 41–47% of the jasmonate-induced reductions in biomass by the day 15 harvest and 12–20% of the reductions in seed set and, in addition, created by "opportunity benefit" for neighboring uninduced plants, which grew larger, aborted fewer flowers, and matured more seed (a 28% increase) than did uninduced plants competing with similarly uninduced plants. Competition dramatically increased plant growth and reproductive performance, and MeJA treatment of these high-performing plants significantly reduced their competitive ability, which translated into opportunity costs for induced plants and opportunity benefits for neighboring uninduced plants. Induced plants minimized these fitness costs by reducing their use of recently acquired N for nicotine biosynthesis when growing with competitors. MeJA treatments also altered stalk length, flower production, flower abortion, and allocation to seed mass. In spite of all this plasticity, induced responses incur large fitness costs, costs that could be in part attributed to reductions in competitive ability for N. We conclude that inducibility functions to minimize these costs.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 56 (2000), S. 79-85 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: exchangeable cations ; nitrogen ; soil carbon ; soil quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The long term impact of excreta return on some chemical and biological properties of a pasture soil fertilised with sulphur and phosphate was studied in a system that had been with or without excreta for 23 years. Excreta free areas that had developed under electric fencelines, and parallel transects in the paddocks, were sampled to provide this comparison. Sampling was to 300 mm depth in 0–75, 75–150 and 150–300 mm sections. Total carbon and nitrogen were 20% higher in the 0–150 mm soil layer of areas receiving excreta but did not differ in the 150–300 mm layer. Carbon:nitrogen ratios were similar in both systems as was mineralisable nitrogen, both absolutely and as a percentage of total in the 0–75 mm layer. Significantly more N was mineralised in the 75–150 mm layers of the areas receiving excreta but this was reversed in the 150–300 mm layer. Nitrification rate was higher in all layers of the excreta areas. Inorganic and organic P fractions did not differ significantly. Total P was significantly higher in the 0–75 mm layer and significantly lower in the 150–300 mm layer of the excreta areas. Exchangeable potassium was much higher throughout the excreta areas while this was offset by calcium. The sum of the cations was similar in both areas. Excreta affected most of the diagnostic soil tests used for fertiliser recommendations. The soil properties measured did not reflect clearly the differences in productivity that were obvious in the two areas. It is concluded that excreta return has a impact resulting in increased organic matter storage. Short-term effects of urine have a greater impact on productivity. The major effect is on the disposition of cations and available P.
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