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  • Mutation
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • 1980-1984  (52)
Collection
Keywords
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (52)
  • Springer  (11)
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  • 1
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    Altering genotype and phenotype by DNA-mediated gene transfer (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Transformation, or DNA-mediated gene transfer, permits the introduction of new genetic information into a cell and frequently results in a change in phenotype. The transforming DNA is ultimately integrated into a recipient cell chromosome. No unique chromosomal locations are apparent, different lines contain the transforming DNA on different chromosomes. Expression of transformed genes frequently results in the synthesis of new polypeptide products which restore appropriate mutant cells to the wild-type phenotype. Thus transformation provides an in vivo assay for the functional role of DNA sequence organization about specific genes. Transforming genes coding for selectable functions, such as adenine phosphoribosyltransferase or thymidine kinase, have now been isolated by utilizing transformation in concert with molecular cloning. Finally, transformation may provide a general approach to the analysis of complex heritable phenotypes by permitting the distinction between phenotypic changes without concomitant changes in DNA and functional genetic rearrangements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pellicer, A -- Robins, D -- Wold, B -- Sweet, R -- Jackson, J -- Lowy, I -- Roberts, J M -- Sim, G K -- Silverstein, S -- Axel, R -- CA 16346/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 17477/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 23767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1414-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7414320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA/*genetics ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Genotype ; Mutation ; Pentosyltransferases/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Thymidine Kinase/*genetics ; *Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Directed deletion of a yeast transfer RNA intervening sequence (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Many eukaryotic genes contain intevening sequences, segments of DNA that interrupt the continuity of the gene. They are removed from RNA transcripts of the gene by a process known as splicing. The intervening sequence in a yeast tyrosine transfer RNA (tRNA Tyr) suppressor gene was deleted in order to test its role in the expression of the gene. The altered gene and its parent were introduced into yeast by transformation. Both genes exhibited suppressor function, showing that the intervening sequence is not absolutely essential for the expression of this gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, R B -- Johnson, P F -- Tanaka, S -- Schold, M -- Itakura, K -- Abelson, J -- CA10984/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 26391/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 35658/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1396-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6997991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Deletion ; DNA, Recombinant ; Genes ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/genetics ; Plasmids ; RNA, Fungal/*genetics ; RNA, Transfer/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Suppression, Genetic ; Tyrosine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 3
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    Giant polytene chromosomes from the ovaries of a Drosophila mutant (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-24
    Description: The chromosomes of the ovarian nurse cells of Drosophila melanogaster fall apart during their cycles of endoreduplication. However, chromosomal synapsis occurs in the pseudonurse cells produced in certain mutant females. The resulting polytene chromosomes undergo developmental changes that are strikingly different from those recorded for the giant chromosomes of the larval salivary gland cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, R C -- Riley, S F -- Cassidy, J D -- White, P E -- Paik, Y K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 24;212(4493):441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes/*ultrastructure ; DNA Replication ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Heterochromatin/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/veterinary ; Ovary/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    Changes in DNA during meiosis in a repair-deficient mutant (rad 52) of yeast (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: The kinetic patterns of DNA synthesis in wild-type (RAD+) and rad 52 mutants of yeast, which exhibit high levels of synchrony during meiosis, are comparable. However, RAD 52 mutants accumulate single-strand breaks in parental DNA during the DNA synthesis period. Thus, the product of the RAD 52 gene has a role in meiotic DNA metabolism, as well as in the repair of DNA damage during mitotic growth. The observed breaks may be unresolved recombination intermediates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Resnick, M A -- Kasimos, J N -- Game, J C -- Braun, R J -- Roth, R M -- 5 R01 GM17317-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S07-RR07027/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):543-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *DNA Repair ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics ; Genes ; *Meiosis ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics
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  • 5
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    Requirement for signal peptide cleavage of Escherichia coli prolipoprotein (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was applied to alter the cleavage site in the signal peptide of the major outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli. Replacing the glycine residue at the cleavage site with an alanine residue did not affect the processing of the signal peptide. However, when the same cleavage site was constructed by the deletion of the glycine residue, the signal peptide was no longer cleaved. These results indicate that stringent structural integrity at the cleavage site in the lipoprotein signal sequence is required for correct processing of prolipoprotein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inouye, S -- Hsu, C P -- Itakura, K -- Inouye, M -- GM19043/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM30395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):59-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Lipoproteins/*biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis ; Mutation ; Protein Precursors/*biosynthesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Monoclonal antibodies reveal the structural basis of antibody diversity (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Hybridoma technology has made it possible to introduce into continuous culture normal antibody-forming cells and to obtain large amounts of the immunoglobulin produced by each of these cells. Examination of the structure of a number of monoclonal antibodies that react with a single antigen has provided new information on the structural basis of the specificity and affinity of antibodies. Comparisons of families of monoclonal antibodies derived from a single germ line gene revealed the importance of somatic mutation in generating antibody diversity. Monoclonal antibodies that react with variable regions of other monoclonals allow the further dissection and modulation of the immune response. Finally, the continued somatic instability of immunoglobulin genes in cultured antibody-forming cells makes it possible to determine the rate of somatic mutation and to generate mutant monoclonal antibodies that may be more effective serological reagents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teillaud, J L -- Desaymard, C -- Giusti, A M -- Haseltine, B -- Pollock, R R -- Yelton, D E -- Zack, D J -- Scharff, M D -- 5T32GM7288/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI05231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI10702/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):721-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/*immunology ; *Antibody Diversity ; Antibody Specificity ; Genes ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 7
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    Bloom's syndrome: evidence for an increased mutation frequency in vivo (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: The incidence of lymphocytes resistant to the purine analog 6-thioguanine was studied in seven patients with Bloom's syndrome. The mean frequency was 17.3 X 10(-4). The mean incidence in age- and sex-matched controls was 2.1 X 10(-4), so approximately eight times the normal number of 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes were detected in Bloom's syndrome blood. The basis for this increase is unknown, but the inherent genomic instability demonstrated in the form of chromosomal aberrations is one possible explanation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vijayalaxmi -- Evans, H J -- Ray, J H -- German, J -- HD 0413/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):851-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bloom Syndrome/*genetics ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/physiology ; Mutation ; Thioguanine/pharmacology
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  • 8
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    Multiple point mutations affecting the simian virus 40 enhancer (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-11
    Description: Enhancers, or activators, dramatically increase the transcriptional activity of certain eukaryotic genes. A series of multiple point mutations affecting the simian virus 40 (SV40) enhancer-activator region were generated in order to define the nucleotide sequence required for this function. Three independent assays provided information leading to the identification of nucleotides essential for enhancer function. One class leads to a decrease in gene expression, while the second completely abolishes functional activity. One critical replacement appears to be the first G (guanine) in a sequence TGGAAAG (T, thymine, A, adenine) located in the 5' region of the 72 base-pair repeat of SV40. Comparison of this sequence with nucleotide sequences in other known enhancers leads to the identification of potential related core elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiher, H -- Konig, M -- Gruss, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 11;219(4585):626-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6297005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA Replication ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutation ; *Operon ; Plasmids ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Simian virus 40/*genetics ; Virus Replication
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  • 9
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    Regulation of a hybrid gene by glucose and temperature in hamster fibroblasts (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-12
    Description: A novel eukaryotic hybrid gene has been constructed from the 5' sequence of a rat gene and the bacterial neomycin-resistance gene. After transfection into hamster fibroblasts, the neo transcripts can be induced to high levels by the absence of glucose. Furthermore, this hybrid gene can be regulated by temperature when it is introduced into a temperature-sensitive mutant cell line.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Attenello, J W -- Lee, A S -- CA-27607/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 12;226(4671):187-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6484570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA, Recombinant ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Fibroblasts ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genes, Regulator ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; *HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Mutation ; Neomycin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Temperature ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Studying promoters and terminators by gene fusion (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Prokaryotic gene control signals can be isolated, compared, and characterized by precise fusion in vitro to the Escherichia coli galactokinase gene (galK), which provides both a simple assay and genetic selection. This recombinant galK fusion vector system was applied to the study of promoters and terminators recognized by the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Three promoters created by mutation from DNA sequences having no promoter function were characterized. Mutations that inactivate promoter function were selected, structurally defined, and functionally analyzed. Similarly, transcription termination was examined, and mutations affecting terminator function were isolated and characterized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, M -- Chepelinsky, A B -- McKenney, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):734-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Galactokinase/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Operon ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Recombination during gene transfer into mouse cells can restore the function of deleted genes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-14
    Description: Two plasmids containing nonoverlapping deletions of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene were introduced into thymidine kinase-deficient mouse L cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Thymidine kinase-producing transformants were generated by a mixture of the two plasmids at a frequency significantly greater than that generated by either plasmid alone. Southern blot analyses demonstrated that functional thymidine kinase genes were generated by homologous recombination between the two deletion mutants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Small, J -- Scangos, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 14;219(4581):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6294829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Deletion ; *Genetic Engineering ; Mice ; Mutation ; *Plasmids ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Simplexvirus ; Thymidine Kinase/*genetics
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  • 12
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    Reversal of knob formation on Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-05
    Description: The human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum can produce surface protrusions (knobs) on infected erythrocytes; however, long-term culturing of the parasite results in the appearance of knobless cells. In this study it was found that a knob-producing clone lost the ability to produce knobs in vitro. Furthermore, a clone not producing knobs derived from the knob-producing clone regained the capacity to produce knobby cells in vitro. Certain parasite proteins were associated with the knobby phenotype but not with the knobless type. These results indicate that the parasites change in vitro in a spontaneous and reversible manner independent of immunological selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gritzmacher, C A -- Reese, R T -- AI 18695/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DRR 00833/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 5;226(4670):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6382613" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; Erythrocytes/*parasitology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Plasmodium falciparum/analysis/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Proteins/analysis
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  • 13
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    Time-varying magnetic fields: effect on DNA synthesis (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-24
    Description: Human fibroblasts have exhibited enhanced DNA synthesis when exposed to sinusoidally varying magnetic fields for a wide range of frequencies (15 hertz to 4 kilohertz) and amplitudes (2.3 X 10(-6) to 5.6 X 10(-4) tesla). This effect, which is at maximum during the middle of the S phase of the cell cycle, appears to be independent of the time derivative of the magnetic field, suggesting an underlying mechanism other than Faraday's law. The threshold is estimated to be between 0.5 X 10(-5) and 2.5 X 10(-5) tesla per second. These results bring into question the allegedly specific magnetic wave shapes now used in therapeutic devices for bone nonunion. The range of magnetic field amplitudes tested encompass the geomagnetic field, suggesting the possibility of mutagenic interactions directly arising from short-term changes in the earth's field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liboff, A R -- Williams, T Jr -- Strong, D M -- Wistar, R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 24;223(4638):818-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; *Magnetics ; Mutation ; Periodicity
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  • 14
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    Transfection of the DNA polymerase-alpha gene (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: DNA polymerase-alpha is the major replicative DNA polymerase in animal cells. The gene coding for a mutant DNA polymerase-alpha was transferred from one cell to another by transfection of DNA from mutant cells. The DNA was isolated from a mutant hamster cell line resistant to aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase-alpha, and transferred into an aphidicolin-sensitive cell line. The resulting transfectants exhibited increased survival in the presence of aphidicolin and contained an aphidicolin-resistant DNA polymerase-alpha.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, P K -- Loeb, L A -- CA07418/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA24845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):833-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6436977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aphidicolin ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus/genetics ; DNA Polymerase II/*genetics ; Diterpenes/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Salmon/genetics ; *Transfection
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  • 15
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    Biogenesis of ornithine transcarbamylase in spfash mutant mice: two cytoplasmic precursors, one mitochondrial enzyme (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-28
    Description: Extracts of liver from hemizygous affected mice with the X-linked spfash mutation have 5 to 10 percent of normal ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity, yet the homogeneous enzyme isolated from these extracts is identical to that in controls. The OTC messenger RNA from mutant livers programs the synthesis of two distinct OTC precursor polypeptides--one normal in size, the other distinctly elongated. Both precursors are imported and proteolytically processed by mitochondria, but only the normal one is assembled into active trimer. This novel phenotype may result from a mutation in the structural gene for OTC leading, primarily, to aberrant splicing of OTC messenger RNA and, secondarily, to formation of a structurally altered precursor whose posttranslational pathway is ultimately futile because its mature mitochondrial form is not capable of assembly and functional expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, L E -- Kalousek, F -- Orsulak, M D -- AM 09527/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 28;222(4622):426-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Genes ; Liver/enzymology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains/genetics/physiology ; Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology ; Mutation ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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  • 16
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    Homologous recombination catalyzed by mammalian cell extracts in vitro (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: An assay was developed to detect recombination events taking place in an in vitro reaction. Extracts of cultured mouse preB lymphocytes were found to catalyze homologous recombination between substrate DNA molecules but not site-specific recombination between cloned mouse immunoglobulin D and J genes. Addition of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates increased the frequency of homologous recombination. This recombination activity was not observed in two differentiated lymphocyte cell lines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Darby, V -- Blattner, F -- AI19325/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1213-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6334360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cells, Cultured ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; DNA, Viral ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nucleoproteins/genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic
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    A trans-acting product needed for P factor transposition in Drosophila (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: A transposable genetic element of the P family in Drosophila melanogaster was found to be unstable in the presence of other P elements but stable in their absence. A sensitive assay for P transpositional activity is provided by the snw allele, a defective P insert in the singed bristle locus which becomes hypermutable only in the presence of complete elements. This measure of activity was highly correlated with a type of female sterility normally associated with P activity. There was no cross-reactivity with transposase from another hybrid dysgenesis-causing element (the I factor).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Engels, W R -- GM30948/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- PCM8104332/PC/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1194-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6095450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cross Reactions ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Gonadal Dysgenesis/genetics ; Infertility, Female/genetics ; Male ; Mutation
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  • 18
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    Activation of a c-K-ras oncogene by somatic mutation in mouse lymphomas induced by gamma radiation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-14
    Description: Mouse tumors induced by gamma radiation are a useful model system for oncogenesis. DNA from such tumors contains an activated K-ras oncogene that can transform NIH 3T3 cells. This report describes the cloning of a fragment of the mouse K-ras oncogene containing the first exon from both a transformant in rat-2 cells and the brain of the same mouse that developed the tumor. Hybrid constructs containing one of the two pieces were made and only the plasmid including the first exon from the transformant gave rise to foci in NIH 3T3 cells. There was only a single base difference (G----A) in the exonic sequence, which changed glycine to aspartic acid in the transformant. By use of a synthetic oligonucleotide the presence of the mutation was demonstrated in the original tumor, ruling out modifications during DNA-mediated gene transfer and indicating that the alteration was present in the thymic lymphoma but absent from other nonmalignant tissue. The results are compatible with gamma radiation being a source of point mutations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guerrero, I -- Villasante, A -- Corces, V -- Pellicer, A -- CA-36327/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM-32036/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1159-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gamma Rays ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Rats
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    DNA markers for nervous system diseases (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-21
    Description: Recombinant DNA technology has provided a vast new source of DNA markers displaying heritable sequence variation in humans. These markers can be used in family studies to identify the chromosomal location of defective genes causing nervous system disorders. The discovery of a DNA marker linked to Huntington's disease has opened new avenues of research into this disorder and may ultimately permit cloning and characterization of the defective gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gusella, J F -- Tanzi, R E -- Anderson, M A -- Hobbs, W -- Gibbons, K -- Raschtchian, R -- Gilliam, T C -- Wallace, M R -- Wexler, N S -- Conneally, P M -- NS16367/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS20012/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 21;225(4668):1320-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; *Genes ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Markers ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*genetics ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Requirement for a signal sequence in biological expression of the v-sis oncogene (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: The protein encoded by the simian sarcoma virus oncogene (v-sis) contains a signal sequence, derived from the envelope gene of the parental retrovirus, which is required for transformation. Removal of the proposed signal sequence was correlated with loss of biological activity. This activity was restored to inactive deletion mutants by fusion with the coding region for a heterologous signal sequence. Biological activity of v-sis was also abolished by either a small deletion within the coding region of the signal sequence or by a point mutation introduced by site-directed mutagenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hannink, M -- Donoghue, D J -- CA34456/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM07313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1197-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6095451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Transformation, Viral ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutation ; *Oncogenes ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/biosynthesis
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    The continuing tale of a small worm (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 13;225(4658):153-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis/*anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Mutation ; Nervous System/anatomy & histology/growth & development
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  • 22
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    Caenorhabditis elegans: getting to know you (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 6;225(4657):40-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis/genetics/*growth & development ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Female ; Male ; Mutation
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    Need a catalyst? Design an enzyme (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):269-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6608147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Biochemistry/*methods ; Catalysis ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Enzymes/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Tyrosine-tRNA Ligase/metabolism ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism
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  • 24
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    The significance of responses of the genome to challenge (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClintock, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):792-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15739260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromosome Breakage ; Chromosomes, Plant/physiology/radiation effects ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genetics/history ; *Genome, Plant ; History, 20th Century ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Meiosis ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; Plant Viruses/physiology ; Telophase ; Zea mays/*genetics/physiology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Retinoblastoma: clues to human oncogenesis (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: The retinoblastoma gene can be considered a model for a class of recessive human cancer genes that have a "suppressor" or "regulatory" function. The loss or inactivation of both alleles of this gene appears to be a primary mechanism in the development of retinoblastoma. Such a mechanism is in direct contrast to that of putative human oncogenes which are thought to induce tumorigenesis following activation or alteration. The high incidence of second primary tumors among patients who inherit one inactive retinoblastoma allele also suggests that this cancer gene plays a key role in the etiology of several other primary malignancies. Finally, the observation that extra nonrandom copies of specific chromosomal regions occur in some of these tumors provides circumstantial evidence that an "expressor" gene (possibly an oncogene) may be involved in retinoblastoma development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphree, A L -- Benedict, W F -- EY-02715/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1028-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6320372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/genetics ; Alleles ; Child ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Eye Neoplasms/*genetics ; Genes, Recessive ; Genotype ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics ; Mutation ; Neuroblastoma/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics ; *Suppression, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic ; Wilms Tumor/genetics
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  • 26
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    Evolution of proteolytic enzymes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: Proteolytic enzymes have many physiological functions, ranging from generalized protein digestion to more specific regulated processes such as the activation of zymogens, blood coagulation and the lysis of fibrin clots, the release of hormones and pharmacologically active peptides from precursor proteins, and the transport of secretory proteins across membranes. They are present in all forms of living organisms. Comparisons of amino acid sequences, three-dimensional structures, and enzymatic reaction mechanisms of proteases indicate that there are distinct families of these proteins. Changes in molecular structure and function have accompanied the evolution of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors, each having relatively simple roles in primitive organisms and more diverse and more complex functions in higher organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neurath, H -- GM-15731/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):350-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6369538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Biological Evolution ; Blood Coagulation ; Chemistry, Physical ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Precursors/metabolism ; Genes ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Peptide Hydrolases/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Peptides/metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protease Inhibitors/analysis/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 27
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    Sindbis virus mutants selected for rapid growth in cell culture display attenuated virulence in animals (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-27
    Description: Mutants of Sindbis virus were selected for rapid growth in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell cultures and screened for attenuation of virulence in suckling mice. Comparisons among independently isolated virulent and attenuated strains, as well as a classical reversion analysis, showed that accelerated penetration of BHK cells was correlated with attenuation in vivo. Both phenotypic changes resulted from a reorganization of virion structure as detected by monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that mutants selected for rapid growth in cell culture may be useful as attenuated vaccines and for studies of the molecular basis of virus pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olmsted, R A -- Baric, R S -- Sawyer, B A -- Johnston, R E -- AI19433/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 27;225(4660):424-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6204381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Kidney/cytology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; RNA/biosynthesis ; Sindbis Virus/genetics/growth & development/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Togaviridae Infections/microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A revolution in biology (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abelson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Drug Industry ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; Forecasting ; Genes ; Immunoglobulins/genetics ; Molecular Biology/*trends ; Mutation ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 29
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    Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Several dysgenic traits may occur within the Drosophila melanogaster species as a result of crosses between different strains. Crossing two mutually interacting categories, named inducer and reactive, may lead, among other abnormalities, to a specific kind of female sterility that has proved useful for investigating the genetic factors involved in the interaction. The reactive state appears to result from a cytoplasmic state ultimately controlled by a chromosomal polygenic system. The inducer character is determined by a chromosomal factor that exhibits all characteristics of a transposable element. Overall, the data contribute to clarification of mutator activities in D. melanogaster and open new opportunities to investigate unusual genetic mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bregliano, J C -- Picard, G -- Bucheton, A -- Pelisson, A -- Lavige, J M -- L'Heritier, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):606-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6766221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/genetics ; Animals, Wild/genetics ; Cytoplasm/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Ecology ; Female ; Genes, Regulator ; Hot Temperature ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Infertility, Female/genetics ; Mutation ; Oocytes/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
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    Circadian rhythms in Neurospora crassa: oligomycin-resistant mutations affect periodicity (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: Nuclear mutations conferring resistance to oligomycin, a mitochondrial inhibitor, shorten the period of the circadian conidiation rhythm of Neurospora crassa from the normal 21.5 hours to 18 to 19 hours and slow the linear growth rate by 30 percent. These olir mutations map very close to frq, a locus at which mutations affecting periodicity have been previously obtained. The possibilities are discussed that mitochondria are involved in circadian rhythm generation and that certain period-length mutations affect mitochondrial functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diekmann, C -- Brody, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):896-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6444467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Transport ; Circadian Rhythm/*drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Genetic Linkage ; Mitochondria/drug effects/physiology ; Mutation ; Neurospora/*physiology ; Neurospora crassa/genetics/*physiology ; Oligomycins/*pharmacology ; Protons
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    Chemical DNA synthesis and recombinant DNA studies (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Chemically synthesized DNA has been used in many recombinant DNA studies. These uses have included the total synthesis and cloning of functional genes, the cloning and expression of natural genes, and editing of changing genes by directed mutation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Itakura, K -- Riggs, A D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1401-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6106285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/*methods ; DNA/*chemical synthesis ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; *DNA, Recombinant ; *Genes ; *Genes, Synthetic ; Insulin/genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemical synthesis ; Somatostatin/genetics
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  • 32
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    Cyclophosphamide-induced spermatogenic effects detected in the F1 generation by behavioral testing (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: Fischer 344 male rats were treated with cyclophosphamide (10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) for 5 weeks and subsequently mated to females previously treated with saline or cyclophosphamide. The F1 progeny of the cyclophosphamide-treated males exhibited behavior deficits when compared to controls. These data could indicate a chemically induced genetic effect manifested by behavioral alterations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, P M -- Fabricant, J D -- Legator, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):80-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Cyclophosphamide/*pharmacology ; Female ; Locomotion ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Mutation ; Rats ; Spermatogenesis/*drug effects
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    Coupling of histone and DNA synthesis in the somatic cell cycle (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Description: The coupling of histone and DNA synthesis was examined in the temperature-sensitive hamster fibroblast cell line K12. By monitoring total cellular histone synthesis at various times after quiescent cells were stimulated to proliferate at permissive and nonpermissive temperatures, a direct correlation was found between the rates of DNA and histone synthesis. Furthermore, when DNA synthesis was blocked by the K12 mutation, histone synthesis was reduced to the basal rate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delegeane, A M -- Lee, A S -- 2S07RR05356/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- CA27607/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 1;215(4528):79-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA/biosynthesis ; *DNA Replication ; Histones/*biosynthesis ; Mutation
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    Biological diversity in metastatic neoplasms: origins and implications (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: Whether neoplasms are unicellular or multicellular in their origin, the process of tumor evolution and progression can rapidly generate biological diversity. Metastases result from the survival and proliferation of specialized subpopulations of cells within the parent tumor. Metastases may have a clonal origin and different metastases may develop from different progenitor cells. However, as with the primary tumor, the origin of metastases is unimportant since the process of tumor evolution and progression can generate biological diversity within and among different metastatic foci.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fidler, I J -- Hart, I R -- N01-CO-75380/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):998-1003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology ; Clone Cells ; Humans ; Immunity ; Melanoma/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*pathology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology ; Phenotype ; Skin Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rapid evolution of RNA genomes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-26
    Description: RNA viruses show high mutation frequencies partly because of a lack of the proofreading enzymes that assure fidelity of DNA replication. This high mutation frequency is coupled with high rates of replication reflected in rates of RNA genome evolution which can be more than a millionfold greater than the rates of the DNA chromosome evolution of their hosts. There are some disease implications for the DNA-based biosphere of this rapidly evolving RNA biosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holland, J -- Spindler, K -- Horodyski, F -- Grabau, E -- Nichol, S -- VandePol, S -- AI 14627/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 26;215(4540):1577-85.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7041255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Defective Viruses/genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; RNA Viruses/*genetics ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Virus Diseases/genetics ; Virus Replication
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    Light-induced modification of Drosophila retinal polypeptides in vivo (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: The effect of light on the polypeptide map profile of the Drosophila eye preparation was examined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results show (i) that illuminating the living fly reversibly changes the isoelectric points of three classes of polypeptides specific for the photoreceptor layer and (ii) that the norpA mutation, which prevents the generation of the receptor potential, blocks the modifications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsumoto, H -- O'Tousa, J E -- Pak, W L -- EY 00033/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY 07008/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):839-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Eye Proteins/*metabolism ; Isoelectric Point ; Kinetics ; *Light ; Mutation ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Photoreceptor Cells/metabolism ; Retina/*metabolism
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    Variation of influenza A, B, and C viruses (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-19
    Description: Influenza is caused by highly variable RNA viruses belonging to the orthomyxovirus group. These viruses are capable of constantly changing the genes coding for their surface proteins as well as for their nonsurface proteins. The mechanisms responsible for these changes in type A influenza viruses include recombination (reassortment) of genes among strains, deletions and insertions in genes, and, frequently, point mutations. In addition, old strains may reappear in the population. Influenza viruses of types B and C appear to vary to a lesser degree. The mechanisms responsible for changes in these viruses are not well characterized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palese, P -- Young, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 19;215(4539):1468-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7038875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genetic Variation ; Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase/genetics ; Orthomyxoviridae/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/genetics
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    Synthesis and secretion of the plasmid-coded heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli in Vibrio cholerae (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: Both cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin were made and secreted into culture supernatants by Vibrio cholerae containing the enterotoxin plasmid pCG86. Several regulatory mutations in V. cholerae that increased or decreased the synthesis of cholera toxin did not affect production of heat-labile enterotoxin. In contrast, a mutation in V. cholerae that interfered with the secretion of cholera toxin also decreased the secretion of heat-labile enterotoxin, indicating that they are processed by a common secretory pathway. Vibrio cholerae should be useful as a model system for analyzing the secretion of true extracellular proteins by Gram-negative bacteria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neill, R J -- Ivins, B E -- Holmes, R K -- 5 R22 AI14107/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):289-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Toxins ; Cholera Toxin/metabolism ; Enterotoxins/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Mutation ; *Plasmids ; Vibrio cholerae/*genetics/metabolism
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    Suppressible four-base glycine and proline codons in yeast (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-24
    Description: Five ICR-170--induced mutations at the His4 locus in yeast are +1 G.C (G, guanine; C, cytosine) additions in DNA regions that contain multiple G.C base pairs. These mutations represents both nonsuppressible and suppressible alleles. All externally, suppressible frameshift mutations occur in glycine and proline codons to produce the four-base codons GGGU (U, uracil), GGGG, and CCCU. This implies that suppression of these four-base codons in yeast, as in bacteria, involves a four-base anticodon or its functional equivalent. Two identical four-base codons (CCCU) at widely separate regions with His4 are not suppressed equally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donahue, T F -- Farabaugh, P J -- Fink, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 24;212(4493):455-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Codon ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Glycine/*genetics ; Histidine/genetics ; Mutation ; Proline/*genetics ; *RNA, Messenger ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; *Suppression, Genetic
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    Genetic transformation of Drosophila with transposable element vectors (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Exogenous DNA sequences were introduced into the Drosophila germ line. A rosy transposon (ry1), constructed by inserting a chromosomal DNA fragment containing the wild-type rosy gene into a P transposable element, transformed germ line cells in 20 to 50 percent of the injected rosy mutant embryos. Transformants contained one or two copies of chromosomally integrated, intact ry1 that were stably inherited in subsequent generations. These transformed flies had wild-type eye color indicating that the visible genetic defect in the host strain could be fully and permanently corrected by the transferred gene. To demonstrate the generality of this approach, a DNA segment that does not confer a recognizable phenotype on recipients was also transferred into germ line chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, G M -- Spradling, A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):348-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila/embryology/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; *Transformation, Genetic ; Xanthine Dehydrogenase/genetics
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    Form and function of retroviral proviruses (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-21
    Description: Retroviruses have proved to be useful reagents for studying genetic and epigenetic (such as regulatory) changes in eukaryotic cells, for assessing functional and structural relationships between transposable genetic elements, for inducing insertional mutations, including some important in oncogenesis, and for transporting genes into eukaryotic cells, either after natural transduction of putative cellular oncogenes or after experimental construction of recombinant viruses. Many of these properties of retroviruses depend on their capacity to establish a DNA (proviral) form of their RNA genomes as a stable component of host chromosomes, in either somatic or germinal cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varmus, H E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 21;216(4548):812-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6177038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Mutation ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Virus Replication
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    Blood cell surface changes in Drosophila mutants with melanotic tumors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: When wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate is bound to hemocytes from larvae of Drosophila melanogaster, two populations of hemocytes are distinguished. One shows a fluorescent speckled surface (spk+) and the other lacks this characteristic (spk-). In mutant larvae with melanotic tumors and in larval hosts with heterospecific implants, most of the lamellocytes (a hemocyte variant involved in capsule formation and tissue rejection) are spk+, whereas the lamellocytes in nontumorous larvae are spk-. This suggests that spk+ lamellocytes are necessary for encapsulation of aberrant tissues in the mutant larvae and are responsible for rejection of foreign tissue implants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rizki, T M -- Rizki, R M -- AG-01945/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):73-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6402819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Cells/*immunology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*immunology ; Graft Rejection ; Hemocytes/drug effects/*immunology ; Larva ; Lectins/pharmacology ; Mutation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/blood/*immunology
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    Germplasm conservation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, E S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1074, 1076.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6946561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Rats
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    Nucleotide sequence of the oncogene encoding the p21 transforming protein of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: The transforming protein of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV) is a virally encoded 21-kilodalton protein called p21 kis. The sequences encoding p21 kis were genetically localized to a 1.3-kilobase segment near the 5' end of the viral genome by assaying the capacity of a series of defined deletion mutants of molecularly cloned Ki-MuSV DNA to induce focal transformation of mouse cells. Nucleotide sequencing of a portion of this region has led to the identification of an open reading frame of 567 nucleotides coding for p21 kis protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsuchida, N -- Ryder, T -- Ohtsubo, E -- CA-22701/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA21124/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):937-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Kirsten murine sarcoma virus/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oncogene Protein p21(ras) ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics
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    A gene controlling condensation of heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: A temperature-sensitive lethal mutant of Drosophila melanogaster was used to identify an essential cell cycle function that is necessary for the mitotic condensation of heterochromatic but not of euchromatic portions of the genome. This mutant is an allele at a locus (mus-101) identified earlier by the use of mutagen-sensitive mutants. The data suggest that the mutagen-sensitive and repair-defective phenotypes of viable mus-101 mutants result from a disruption in chromosome organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gatti, M -- Smith, D A -- Baker, B S -- GM23345/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):83-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Chromosomes/ultrastructure ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Female ; *Genes ; Heterochromatin/*genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mutation
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    The human c-ras1H oncogene: a mutation in normal and neoplastic tissue from the same patient (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-18
    Description: The c-ras1H oncogene can be distinguished from its normal cellular counterpart by the loss of a restriction endonuclease site. This sequence alteration is the basis of a rapid screening method for the presence of this oncogene. DNA's from 34 individuals were screened by this method, and all were homozygous for the normal allele. In contrast, DNA from a patient's bladder tumor, as well as DNA from his normal bladder and leukocytes, were heterozygous at that restriction endonuclease site. Further restriction enzyme mapping pinpointed the change in the mutant allele as being one of two nucleotides, either of which would change the 12th amino acid (glycine) in the normal c-ras1H gene product. Point mutations in the codon for this amino acid have previously been described in a bladder tumor cell line and in the viral oncogene v-rasH. These results indicate that the patient carried a c-ras1H oncogene in his germ line, raising the possibility that the c-ras1H oncogene confers a predisposition to neoplasia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muschel, R J -- Khoury, G -- Lebowitz, P -- Koller, R -- Dhar, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 18;219(4586):853-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6337398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Oncogenes ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*genetics
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    Testing for cancer risk (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 29;207(4434):967-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/metabolism ; Ataxia Telangiectasia/genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Disorders ; Fanconi Anemia/genetics ; Genetic Counseling ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/etiology/*genetics ; Polycyclic Compounds/metabolism ; Risk ; Wilms Tumor/genetics ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum/genetics
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    Silent nucleotide substitutions and the molecular evolutionary clock (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-11-28
    Description: Half of the nucleotide substitutions during the evolutionary divergence of genes in animals, bacteria, and viruses are silent changes. These result from an inherent biochemical property of DNA and are fixed by genetic drift. Evolution may be viewed as a device for protecting DNA molecules from extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jukes, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 28;210(4473):973-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Codon ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; *Genes ; Genetic Code ; Globins/genetics ; Histones/genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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    Evolutionary theory under fire (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):883-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6107993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Biological Evolution ; Chicago ; Congresses as Topic ; Fossils ; Gene Frequency ; Models, Theoretical ; Mutation ; Time Factors
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    Expression of cellular oncogenes in human malignancies (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-04-20
    Description: Cellular oncogenes have been implicated in the induction of malignant transformation in some model systems in vitro and may be related to malignancies in vivo in some vertebrate species. This article describes a study of the expression of 15 cellular oncogenes in fresh human tumors from 54 patients, representing 20 different tumor types. More than one cellular oncogene was transcriptionally active in all of the tumors examined. In 14 patients it was possible to study normal and malignant tissue from the same organ. In many of these patients, the transcriptional activity of certain oncogenes was greater in the malignant than the normal tissue. The cellular fes (feline sarcoma) oncogene, not previously known to be transcribed in mammalian tissue, was found to be active in lung and hematopoietic malignancies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slamon, D J -- deKernion, J B -- Verma, I M -- Cline, M J -- AM 18058/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- CA 15619/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 20;224(4646):256-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6538699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Carcinogens/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Genes, Viral ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/genetics ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics ; Leukemia/genetics ; Lymphoma/genetics ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Sarcoma/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Molecular dissection of transcriptional control elements within the long terminal repeat of the retrovirus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: The retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR) contains transcriptional control elements that affect viral gene expression. By deletion mutagenesis of the genome of the cloned Abelson murine leukemia virus, regulatory signals could be mapped to at least three domains within the LTR. A defective 5' LTR that did not sustain transforming gene function was complemented by an intact LTR positioned at the 3' end of the genome. This versatility of the retroviral genome with respect to its transcriptional control elements appears to provide a strong selective advantage for viral gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Srinivasan, A -- Reddy, E P -- Dunn, C Y -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):286-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abelson murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Viral ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/*genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 52
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    Malignant activation of a K-ras oncogene in lung carcinoma but not in normal tissue of the same patient (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-17
    Description: A single genetic alteration, a guanine-to-cytosine transversion, is responsible for the acquisition of malignant properties by K-ras genes of two human tumor cell lines established from carcinomas of the bladder (A1698) and lung (A2182). As a consequence, arginine instead of the normal glycine is incorporated into the K-ras-coded p21 proteins at amino acid position 12. This mutation creates a restriction enzyme polymorphism that can be used to screen human cells for transforming K-ras genes. This approach was used to identify the mutational event responsible for the malignant activation of a K-ras oncogene in a squamous cell lung carcinoma of a 66-year-old man; this point mutation was not present in either the normal bronchial or parenchymal tissue or in the blood lymphocytes. Hence, malignant activation of a ras oncogene appears to be specifically associated with the development of a human neoplasm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Santos, E -- Martin-Zanca, D -- Reddy, E P -- Pierotti, M A -- Della Porta, G -- Barbacid, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 17;223(4637):661-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Genes, Dominant ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*genetics ; Mutation ; *Oncogenes ; Organ Specificity ; Polymorphism, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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