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  • Other Sources  (335)
  • Springer  (335)
  • Frontiers
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2000-2004  (335)
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  • 1
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    Programmieren mit R (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 6, no. 22, pp. 71-80, (ISBN 0-87590-422-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Textbook of mathematics ; Statistical investigations ; software
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Fluid Venting Activity on the Costa Rica Margin: New Results from Authigenic Carbonates (2004)
    Springer
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93 . pp. 596-611.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Carbonate precipitates on mounds and along tectonic scarps off the Costa Rica margin are manifestations of subduction-induced dewatering. The long-term dewatering history is recorded in mineralogical, petrological and isotope signals of carbonates recovered from these sites. The carbonates are strongly depleted in δ13C (−11 to −53‰ PDB) and enriched in δ18O (+4 to +8‰ PDB). Thermogenic methane and biogenic methane were identified as sources of the carbon. Chemoherm carbonates and seepage-associated carbonates formed in a focused flow regime have lighter δ13C values, while others formed in a more diffusive flow regime have slightly enriched C isotope values. Three fluid components were inferred based on the calculation of equilibrium δ18O: clay dehydration water, gas hydrate water and seawater. Calculated equilibrium δ18O values of carbonates from different down-core depths as well as from different precipitation stages show that the δ18O of the precipitating fluid is progressively depleted with time. Dolostones showing a methane-C source and a well constrained O-isotope signature are thought to have formed at depth in the sediment and subsequently became exhumed. Glauconitic sandstones cemented by methane-derived carbonate provide evidence that fluid and solid material have been expelled by the mud volcano.
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  • 3
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    Seasonal variations in the behavioural thermoregulation of roosting Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in north-central Chile. (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Ornithology, 145 . pp. 35-40.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-03
    Description: We examined the thermoregulatory behaviour (TRB) of roosting Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in north central Chile during summer and winter, when ambient temperatures (Ta) are most extreme. Each body posture was considered to represent a particular TRB, which was ranked in a sequence that reflected different degrees of thermal load and was assigned an arbitrary thermoregulatory score. During summer, birds exhibited eight different TRBs, mainly oriented to heat dissipation, and experienced a wide range of Ta (from 14 to 31°C), occasionally above their thermoneutral zone (TNZ, from 2 to 30°C), this being evident by observations of extreme thermoregulatory responses such as panting. In winter, birds exhibited only three TRBs, mainly oriented to heat retention, and experienced a smaller range of Ta (from 11 to 18°C), always within the TNZ, even at night. The components of behavioural responses increased directly with the heat load which explains the broader behavioural repertoire observed in summer. Since penguins are primarily adapted in morphology and physiology to cope with low water temperatures, our results suggest that behavioural thermoregulation may be important in the maintenance of the thermal balance in Humboldt penguins while on land.
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  • 4
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    Investigation and assimilation of nitrogen from benthic sediments by threee species of coral (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 145 . pp. 1097-1106.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: We quantified the nitrogen and enzyme hydrolyzable amino acid (EHAA) concentrations of sediments prior to and after corals sloughed, ingested, and egested sediments layered onto their surfaces, for the three coral species Siderastrea siderea, Agaricia agaricites, and Porites astreoides in Jamaica. The percent nitrogen of the sediments egested by all three species was lower than in the sediments available to the corals. Additionally, the sediments sloughed (not ingested) by A. agaricites and P. astreoides were lower in percent nitrogen, while the sediments sloughed by S. siderea had the same percent nitrogen as that of the available sediments. The percent nitrogen of the sediments sloughed and egested by P. astreoides showed significant negative and positive relationships, respectively, to increasing sediment loads, while the percent nitrogen of the sediments sloughed and egested by both S. siderea and A. agaricites showed no relationship to sediment load. EHAA concentrations were not significantly different between the sloughed and available sediments but were significantly lower in the sediments egested by S. siderea and A. agaricites (EHAA concentrations were not measured for P. astreodies sediment fractions). Comparisons of the nitrogen and EHAA concentrations in the sloughed and egested sediments to what was available prior to coral processing show that maximum ingestion was between 0.1 and 0.2 µg N µg−1 coral N cm−2 and between 0.5 and 0.6 µg EHAA·cm−2. Maximum assimilation efficiencies were estimated to be 30–60% of the available nitrogen. The data show that corals ingest and alter the nitrogen concentration of particles that land on their surfaces. The corals’ abilities to process these sediments, and the sediments’ possible contributions to coral nutrition, are discussed based on these results.
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  • 5
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    Hydrothermal Iron and Manganese Crusts from the Pitcairn Hotspot Region. (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: Oceanic hotspots: intraplate submarine magmatism and tectonism / R. , ed. by Hekinian, R., Stoffers, P. and Cheminee, J. L. Springer, ---, pp. 375-405.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Variability of the meridional overturning circulation of the North Atlantic: Sensitivity to overflows of dense water masses (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Ocean Dynamics, 54 (1). pp. 92-106.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-06
    Description: A numerical model of the Atlantic Ocean was used to study the low-frequency variability of meridional transports in the North Atlantic. The model shows a behaviour similar to those used in previous studies, and the temporal variability of certain variables compares favourably to observed time series. By changing the depth and width of the sills between the subpolar North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas, the mean horizontal and overturning circulation as well as some water mass properties are modified significantly. The reaction of meridional oceanic transports to atmospheric forcing fluctuations remains, however, unchanged. The critical role of the surface heat flux retroaction term for the meridional heat transport in stand-alone ocean models is discussed. The experiments underline the role of atmospheric variability for fluctuations of the large-scale ocean circulation on time scales from years to decades, and they support the hypothesis that the mean overturning strength is controlled by the model representation of the density of the overflow water masses.
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  • 7
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    Heat flow and quantity of methane deduced from a gas hydrate field in the vicinity of the Dnieper Canyon, northwestern Black Sea (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 24 (3). pp. 182-193.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-24
    Description: Seismic reflection data document for the first time the existence of a BSR in a limited area west of the Dnieper Canyon in the northwestern Black Sea. Seismic wide-angle data suggest that gas hydrates occupy in average 15±2% of the pore space in a zone of 100 m in thickness. A conservative quantification of the amount of methane associated with this gas hydrate occurrence is about 12±3×1011 m3 (0.6±0.2 Gt of methane carbon). Conductive heat flow deduced from the BSR depth is in the range of 21±6 to 55±15 mW m−2.
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  • 8
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    Sustainable Production of Bioactive Compounds by Sponges? Cell Culture and Gene Cluster Approach: A Review (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biotechnology, 6 (2).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-26
    Description: Sponges (phylum Porifera) are sessile marine filter feeders that have developed efficient defense mechanisms against foreign attackers such as viruses, bacteria, or eukaryotic organisms. Protected by a highly complex immune system, as well as by the capacity to produce efficient antiviral compounds (e.g., nucleoside analogues), antimicrobial compounds (e.g., polyketides), and cytostatic compounds (e.g., avarol), they have not become extinct during the last 600 million years. It can be assumed that during this long period of time, bacteria and microorganisms coevolved with sponges, and thus acquired a complex common metabolism. It is suggested that (at least) some of the bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from sponges are produced by functional enzyme clusters, which originated from the sponges and their associated microorganisms. As a consequence, both the host cells and the microorganisms lost the ability to grow independently from each other. Therefore, it was—until recently—impossible to culture sponge cells in vitro. Also the predominant number of “symbiotic bacteria” proved to be nonculturable. In order to exploit the bioactive potential of both the sponge and the “symbionts,” a 3D-aggregate primmorph culture system was established; also it was proved that one bioactive compound, avarol/avarone, is produced by the sponge Dysidea avara. Another promising way to utilize the bioactive potential of the microorganisms is the cloning and heterologous expression of enzymes involved in secondary metabolism, such as the polyketide synthases.
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  • 9
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    Genera-specific immunofluorescence labeling of ammonia oxidizers with polyclonal antibodies recognizing both subunits of the ammonia monooxygenase (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Microbial Ecology, 47 (4). pp. 374-384.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-28
    Description: Polyclonal antibodies that recognize the two subunits AmoA and AmoB of the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) were applied to identify ammonia-oxidizing bacteria by immunofluorescence (IF) labeling in pure, mixed, and enriched cultures. The antibodies against the AmoA were produced using a synthetic peptide of the AmoA of Nitrosomonas eutropha, whereas the antibodies against the AmoB had been developed previously is against the whole B-subunit of the AMO [Pinck et al. (2001) Appl Environ Microbiol 67:118–124]. Using IF labeling, the AmoA antibodies were specific for the detection of all species of the genus Nitrosomonas. In contrast, the antiserum against AmoB labeled all genera of ammonia oxidizers of the β-subclass of Proteobacteria (Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrosolobus, and Nitrosovibrio). The fluorescence signals of the AmoA antibodies were spread all over the cells, whereas the signals of the AmoB antibodies were associated with the cytoplasmic membranes. The specificity of the reactions of the antisera with ammonia oxidizers were proven in pure and mixed cultures, and the characteristic IF labeling and the morphology of the cells enabled their identification at the genus level. The genus-specific IF labeling could be used to identify ammonia oxidizers enriched from various habitats. In enrichment cultures of natural sandstone, cells of the genera Nitrosomonas, Nitrosovibrio, and Nitrosospira were detected. Members of the genus Nitrosovibrio and Nitrosolobus were most prominent in enriched garden soil samples, whereas members of the genus Nitrosomonas dominated in enriched activated sludge. The antibodies caused only slight background fluorescence on sandstone and soil particles compared to oligonucleotide probes, which could not be used to detect ammonia oxidizers on these materials because of strong nonspecific fluorescence.
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  • 10
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    Organic carbon input to the arctic seas through coastal erosion (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic: Present and Past. , ed. by Stein, R. and Macdonald, R. W. Springer, Berlin (u.a.), pp. 41-45. ISBN 3-540-01153-6
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-19
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 11
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    Quicktone ? Ein Interview mit Ivan Thoralf Rosenqvist (2004)
    Springer
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93 (4). pp. 645-651.
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-23
    Description: Durch Vermittlung von Jörn Thiede gelangte das Geologenarchiv in den Besitz eines Videobands von einem Fernsehinterview mit Rosenqvist (auch gelegentlich Rosenquist), das Elen Roaldset (E.R.) im Geologischen Institut der Universität Oslo am 8.September 1988 führen konnte. Es umfasst den gesamten Lebenslauf und die wichtigsten wissenschaflichen Leistungen dieses aussergewöhnlichen Geologen und Mineralogen. Er wurde in Wien am 17. Mai 1916 geboren, kam aber mit seinen Eltern schon 1917 nach Oslo, wo er am 8. Oktober 1994 starb (K. Bjørlykke 1995). Im Folgenden sollen aus dem Interview nur seine wegweisenden Untersuchungen der Quicktone, seine fachliche Vielseitigkeit, sein gesellschaftliches Engagement und seine schwierigen Erfahrungen mit Deutschland herausgegriffen werden. Das in der Landessprache geführte Gespräch wurde von Geir Ebelfoff und Lars Erik Kastilan ins Deutsche transkribiert.
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  • 12
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    A Digital Microfluidics Platform for Multiplexed Explosive Detection (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: Electronic Noses & Sensors for the Detection of Explosives. NATO Science Series, 159 . Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 279-288. ISBN 978-1-4020-2318-7
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-20
    Description: Portable and automated field screening equipment would be very effective in assessing contamination due to explosives at many defense sites. A droplet based microfluidic lab-on-a-chip utilizing electrowetting has been presented for fully automated detection of TNT. Microliter droplets of TNT in DMSO and KOH in water are reacted on a chip in a programmed way. The same platform has integrated colorimetric detection. The detection of TNT is linear in the range of 12.5–50 µg/mL.
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  • 13
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    Effect of microrelief and vegetation on methane emission from wet polygonal tundra, Lena Delta, Northern Siberia (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Biogeochemistry, 69 (3). pp. 341-362.
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: The effect of microrelief and vegetation on methane (CH4) emission was investigated in a wet polygonal tundra of the Lena Delta, Northern Siberia (72.37N, 126.47E). Total and plant-mediated CH4 fluxes were measured by closed-chamber techniques at two typical sites within a low-centred polygon. During the study period, total CH4 flux averaged 28.0 ± 5.4 mg m−2 d−1 in the depressed polygon centre and only 4.3 ± 0.8 mg m−2 d−1 at the elevated polygon rim. This substantial small-scale spatial variability of CH4 emission was caused by strong differences of hydrologic conditions within the microrelief of the polygon, which affected aeration status and organic matter content of the soils as well as the vegetation cover. Beside water table position, the vegetation cover was a major factor controlling CH4 emission from polygonal tundra. It was shown that the dominant vascular plant of the study area, Carex aquatilis, possesses large aerenchyma, which serve as pathways for substantial plant-mediated CH4 transport. The importance of plant-mediated CH4 flux was strongly influenced by the position of the water table relative to the main root horizon. Plant-mediated CH4 transport accounted for about two-thirds of the total flux in the wet polygon centre and for less than one-third of the total flux at the moist polygon rim. A clipping experiment and microscopic-anatomical studies suggested that plant-mediated CH4 transport via C. aquatilis plants is driven only by diffusion and is limited by the high diffusion resistance of the dense root exodermes.
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  • 14
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    Modern terrigenous organic carbon input to the Arctic Ocean (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic: Present and Past. , ed. by Stein, R. and Macdonald, R. W. Springer, Berlin (u.a.), pp. 33-41. ISBN 3-540-01153-6
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-03
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    Exocellular Cyclic Dipeptides from a Ruegeria Strain Associated with Cell Cultures of Suberites domuncula (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biotechnology, 6 (1). pp. 95-103.
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-26
    Description: From cell cultures of Suberites domuncula was isolated a bacterial strain, SDC-1, which was identified by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis as an α-Proteobacterium of the genus Ruegeria. The occurrence of the strain in sponge cell culture could be explained by its resistance to the antibiotics used in the isolation of sponge cell cultures or by the preservation of SDC-1 by host sponge cells. The fatty acid composition of SDC-1 is characterized by branched C-12 methyl fatty acids. Two new and 8 known cyclic dipeptides were isolated and characterized from the fermentation broth of SDC-1. Cyclodipeptides are one of the families of cell-cell signaling compounds and may have some role to play in sponge-bacteria interactions.
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  • 16
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    Early phase process scale-up challenges for fungal and filamentous bacterial cultures (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 119 (3). pp. 241-277.
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    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: Culture pelleting and morphology has a strong influence on process productivity and success for fungal and filamentous bacterial cultures. This impact is particularly evident with early phase secondary metabolite processes with limited process definition. A compilation of factors affecting filamentous or pelleting morphology described in the literature indicates potential leads for developing process-specific control methodologies. An evaluation of the factors mediating citric acid production is one example of an industrially important application of these techniques. For five model fungal and filamentous bacterial processes in an industrial fermentation pilot plant, process development strategies were developed and effectively implemented with the goal of achieving reasonable fermentation titers early in the process development cycle. Examples of approaches included the use of additives to minimize pelleting in inoculum shake flasks, the use of large-volume frozen bagged inoculum obtained from agitated seed fermentors, and variations in production medium composition and fermentor operating conditions. Results were evaluated with respect to productivity of desired secondary metabolites as well as process scalability. On-line measurements were utilized to indirectly evaluate the cultivation impact of changes in medium and process development. Key laboratory to pilot plant scale-up issues also were identified and often addressed in subsequent cultivations.
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  • 17
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    Hydroacoustic experiments to establish a method for the determination of bubble fluxes at cold seeps (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 24 (2). pp. 75-85.
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    Publication Date: 2017-05-24
    Description: Hydroacoustic methods are particularly suitable for investigations of the occurrence, cyclicity and amount of bubbles released at cold seeps without disturbing them. Experiments with a horizontally looking single beam transducer (40 and 300 kHz) directed towards artificially produced bubbles show that the backscattering strength of the bubbles increases with the gas flux rate independently of the bubble radii distribution. It is demonstrated that an acoustic system can be calibrated in such a way that gas flux rates of bubble-size spectra, as observed at natural seeps, can be directly related to the echo level of a known, acoustically insonified volume. No system-specific parameters have to be known except the beam width.
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  • 18
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    PGE distribution in massive sulfides from the PACMANUS hydrothermal field, eastern Manus basin, Papua New Guinea: implications for PGE enrichment in some ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Mineralium Deposita, 39 (7). pp. 784-792.
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
    Description: The distribution of platinum group elements (PGE) in Cu- and Zn-rich samples from the Roman Ruins and Satanic Mills vent sites in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field (Papua New Guinea) was studied and compared to that from selected ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Samples from the Satanic Mills site are enriched in Pd and Rh when compared to samples from Roman Ruins and reach highest values in active and inactive Cu-rich black smoker chimneys and chalcopyrite-cemented dacite breccias (up to 356 ppb Pd and up to 145 ppb Rh). A significant positive correlation was established between Cu and Pd and Rh in samples from both vent sites. Comparisons of chondrite normalized patterns and values of Pd/Pt and Pd/Ir ratios in Cu-rich sulfides and probable source rocks (felsic volcanic rocks/MORB) along with the evidence for a magmatic component in the PACMANUS hydrothermal system indicate that leaching of back-arc volcanic rocks together with addition of magmatic volatiles to the convecting hydrothermal system was the most important factor for PGE enrichment at PACMANUS and likely at some PGE-enriched ancient VMS deposits.
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  • 19
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    The use of electron backscatter diffraction and orientation contrast imaging as tools for sulphide textural studies: example from the Greens Creek deposit (Alaska) (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Mineralium Deposita, 39 (1). pp. 103-113.
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: The Greens Creek polymetallic massive sulphide deposit is hosted in a typical polyphase deformed lower greenschist facies orogenic setting. The structure of the host rocks is well constrained, exhibiting a series of three superimposed ductile deformations followed by two brittle episodes. The ore is found both in fold hinges where early-formed depositional features are preserved and in fold limbs where primary features are typically strongly modified or obliterated. Samples from both settings have been investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) coupled with forescatter orientation contrast (OC) imaging in order to observe the effects of deformation and lower greenschist facies metamorphism on pyrite. Results suggest that colloform pyrite may preserve information relevant to palaeoenvironment, that apparently simple textures are generally more complex, and that pyrite can deform plastically by dislocation glide and creep processes at lower temperatures and/or strain rates than generally accepted. This analysis indicates that EBSD and OC imaging provide powerful tools for observing textural relationships in pyrite that are not shown by more traditional methods. They should become routine tools for pyrite texture analysis.
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  • 20
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    Radiocarbon ages of Holocene Pelado, Guespalapa, and Chichinautzin scoria cones, south of Mexico-City: implications for archaeology and futrue hazards (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 66 . pp. 203-225.
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-03
    Description: Pelado, Guespalapa, and Chichinautzin monogenetic scoria cones located within the Sierra del Chichinautzin Volcanic Field (SCVF) at the southern margin of Mexico City were dated by the radiocarbon method at 10,000, 2,800–4,700, and 1,835 years b.p., respectively. Most previous research in this area was concentrated on Xitle scoria cone, whose lavas destroyed and buried the pre-Hispanic town of Cuicuilco around 1,665±35 years b.p. The new dates indicate that the recurrence interval for monogenetic eruptions in the central part of the SCVF and close to the vicinity of Mexico City is 〈2,500 years. If the entire SCVF is considered, the recurrence interval is 〈1,700 years. Based on fieldwork and Landsat imagery interpretation a geologic map was produced, morphometric parameters characterizing the cones and lava flows determined, and the areal extent and volumes of erupted products estimated. The longest lava flow was produced by Guespalapa and reached 24 km from its source; total areas covered by lava flows from each eruption range between 54 (Chichinautzin) and 80 km2 (Pelado); and total erupted volumes range between 1 and 2 km3/cone. An average eruption rate for the entire SCVF was estimated at 0.6 km3/1,000 years. These findings are of importance for archaeological as well as volcanic hazards studies in this heavily populated region.
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  • 21
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    Associational resistance of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) against starfish (Asterias rubens) predation: relative importance of structural and chemical properties of the epibionts. (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Helgoland Marine Research, 58 (3). pp. 162-167.
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    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Description: Several epibiotic species reduce starfish (Asterias rubens) preference for the blue mussel Mytilus edulis in the Baltic. The aim of this study was to reveal whether this associational resistance was caused by structural or chemical aspects of the different epibionts. To assess structural epibiont effects, an in situ experiment was conducted with unfouled mussels and mussels equipped with artificial epibionts ('dummies') exposed to natural predation by A. rubens. The chemically inert dummies closely matched the structural properties of the locally common epibionts Balanus improvisus (barnacle), Ceramium strictum (red alga), Halichondria panicea (sponge), and Laomedea flexuosa (hydrozoan). Starfish fed indiscriminately in all treatments. Chemical effects of epibionts on the attractiveness of mussels for A. rubens were investigated by incorporating freeze-dried epibionts or mussel tissue into Phytagel pellets at natural concentrations. Starfish were allowed to choose among these structurally similar but chemically different prey items in an in vitro experiment. The predators exhibited significant preferences among the food pellets, which closely matched their preferences for corresponding natural mussel-epibiont associations. Thus, chemical aspects of epibionts appear to play a larger role in this associational resistance than do structural aspects. Implications of these indirect interactions for benthic communities are discussed.
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  • 22
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    Lahar-Triggering Mechanisms and Hazard at Ruapehu Volcano, New Zealand (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Natural Hazards, 31 (1). pp. 85-109.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: Late Holocene volcanic activity at Ruapehu has been characterizedby the generation of small (〈105 m3) to very large (〉107 m3) lahars and repeated,small to medium (VEI 1-3) tephra-producing eruptions. The Onetapu Formation groupsall lahar deposits that accumulated during the last 2,000 years on the southeastern Ruapehu ring plain. The andesitic tephras are grouped within the Tufa Trig Formation and are intercalated within the laharic sequence. By correlating these two formations with new radiocarbon ages obtained on interbedded paleosols, we reconstruct a detailed volcanic history of Ruapehu for this period. Clast assemblages identified in the laharic sequences record thelithologies of synchronous tephras and rocks within the source region. These assemblages suggest a strong genetic link between the development of Crater Lake, the variation in eruptivestyles, and the production of lahars. Lahar-triggering mechanisms include: (1) flank collapse ofhydrothermally altered and unstable portions of the cone; (2) phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions favoring the generation of snow-rich slurries and hyperconcentrated stream flows; (3) suddenCrater Lake rim collapse, releasing large amounts of water inducing debris flows; and (4) eruptions that generate large volumes of tephra on snow-covered slopes, later remobilized by heavy rain. Two major lahars in the Onetapu sequence had a volume≥ 4 × 107 m3, roughly 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than the 1953event leading to the Tangiwai disaster (151 casualties). One of these lahars crossed over a lowinterfluve currently separating the Whangaehu River from a stream feeding the Tongariro River,sometime since peat accumulated between AD 1400 and AD 1660. A repetition of such a large-scaleevent would have devastating consequences on the infrastructure, economy and environment withinthe distal areas of the two catchments. The 1995–1996 eruptions were a timely reminder ofthe hazards posed by the volcano.
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  • 23
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    Convective and absolut instabilites in counterrotating spiral-Poiseuille flow (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 18 (2/4). pp. 97-103.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
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  • 24
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    Hydrothermal precipitates associated with bimodal volcanism in the Central Bransfield Strait, Antarctica (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Mineralium Deposita, 39 (3). pp. 358-379.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-20
    Description: Polymetallic sulfide-sulfate mineralization enriched in Pb-Ag-As-Sb-Hg occurs in the Bransfield Strait, a late Tertiary-Quaternary marginal basin close to the Antarctic Peninsula. The mineralization is associated with bimodal volcanism and pelagic and volcaniclastic sediment in rifted continental crust. Hydrothermal precipitates have been recovered from two shallow (1,050–1,000 m water depth) submarine volcanoes (Hook Ridge and Three Sisters) in the Central Bransfield Strait. Mineralization at Hook Ridge consists of polymetallic sulfides, massive barite, and pyrite and marcasite crusts in semilithified pelagic and volcaniclastic sediment. Native sulfur commonly infills void space and cements the volcaniclastic sediment. The polymetallic sulfides are dominated by sphalerite with minor galena, enargite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and traces of orpiment cemented by barite and opal-A. The presence of enargite at Hook Ridge, the abundance of native sulfur, and the low Fe content of sphalerite indicate a high sulfur activity of the hydrothermal fluids responsible for mineralization. The sulfur isotopic composition of Hook Ridge precipitates documents the complexity of the sulfur sources in this hydrothermal system with variable influence of biological activity and possibly magmatic contributions. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in barite and opal-A suggest that boiling may have affected the hydrothermal fluids during their ascent. The discovery of massive barite-silica precipitates at another shallow marine volcano (Three Sisters volcano) attests to the potential for hydrothermal mineralization at other volcanic edifices in the area. The characteristics of the mineralization in the Bransfield Strait with rifting of continental crust, the presence of bimodal volcanism, including highly evolved felsic volcanic rocks, the association with sediments, and the Pb-Ag-As-Sb-Hg enrichment are similar to the setting of massive sulfide deposits in the Okinawa Trough, and distinct from those of sediment-dominated hydrothermal systems such as Escanaba Trough, Middle Valley, and Guaymas Basin. The geological setting of the Bransfield Strait is also broadly similar to that of some of the largest volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the ancient record, such as the Iberian Pyrite Belt.
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  • 25
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    The Lyngen Gabbro: the lower crust of an Ordovician Incipient-Arc (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Mineralogy and Petrology, 148 (3). pp. 358-379.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-20
    Description: We present evidence for the origin of the Lyngen Gabbro of the Ordovician Lyngen Magmatic Complex in Troms, Northern Norway. The two magmatic suites of the Lyngen Gabbro strike parallel NNE-SSW, and have distinct magmatic signatures. We define these signatures by using major and trace-element analyses together with selected major- and trace-element mineral analyses and 143Nd/144Nd-isotope whole-rock analyses of gabbroic to tonalitic plutonic rocks from seven detailed cross-sections from this large gabbro-complex. The Western suite of the Lyngen Gabbro precipitated from magma that may have been derived from the same system as the associated volcanic rocks. The gabbros have high An-content (An〉90) of their plagioclases relative to co-existing mafic minerals. Together with somewhat high ɛNd(t) values (+6), this implies that the parental magmas were hydrous tholeiites similar to those found in back arc basins today. The Eastern suite, on the other hand, consist of cumulates that were precipitated from melts resembling those of ultra-depleted high-Ca boninitic magmas found in fore-arcs. Extremely high-An plagioclases (An〉95) co-exist with evolved mafic minerals and oxides, and the ɛNd(t) values are lower (+4) than in the Western suite. The Eastern suite has no volcanic counterpart, but dikes intersecting the suites have compositions that possibly represent its parental magma. The oceanic Rypdalen Shear Zone generally separates the two suites in the north, but several non-tectonic transitions from boninitic to tholeiitic signatures southwards advocate that the magmatism happened concurrently. The magmatic proximity between the suites, the hydrous magmatism and the absence of a silicic or calc-alkaline mature arc section, suggests that the Lyngen Gabbro formed in the Iapetus Ocean under conditions presently found in incipient arcs later emplaced as outer arc highs.
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    Effects of CO2 enrichment on marine phytoplankton (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Oceanography, 60 . pp. 719-729.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-11
    Description: Rising atmospheric CO2 and deliberate CO2 sequestration in the ocean change seawater carbonate chemistry in a similar way, lowering seawater pH, carbonate ion concentration and carbonate saturation state and increasing dissolved CO2 concentration. These changes affect marine plankton in various ways. On the organismal level, a moderate increase in CO2 facilitates photosynthetic carbon fixation of some phytoplankton groups. It also enhances the release of dissolved carbohydrates, most notably during the decline of nutrient-limited phytoplankton blooms. A decrease in the carbonate saturation state represses biogenic calcification of the predominant marine calcifying organisms, foraminifera and coccolithophorids. On the ecosystem level these responses influence phytoplankton species composition and succession, favouring algal species which predominantly rely on CO2 utilization. Increased phytoplankton exudation promotes particle aggregation and marine snow formation, enhancing the vertical flux of biogenic material. A decrease in calcification may affect the competitive advantage of calcifying organisms, with possible impacts on their distribution and abundance. On the biogeochemical level, biological responses to CO2 enrichment and the related changes in carbonate chemistry can strongly alter the cycling of carbon and other bio-active elements in the ocean. Both decreasing calcification and enhanced carbon overproduction due to release of extracellular carbohydrates have the potential to increase the CO2 storage capacity of the ocean. Although the significance of such biological responses to CO2 enrichment becomes increasingly evident, our ability to make reliable predictions of their future developments and to quantify their potential ecological and biogeochemical impacts is still in its infancy.
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  • 27
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    Orbital frequencies in the carbonate sedimentary record: distorted by diagenesis? (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Facies, 50 (1). pp. 3-11.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The most important archive of Earth’s climate change through geologic history is the sedimentary rock record. Rhythmic sedimentary alternations are usually interpreted as a consequence of periodic variations in the orbital parameters of the Earth. This interpretation enables the application of cyclostratigraphy as a very precise chronometer, when based on the assumption that orbital frequencies are faithfully recorded in the sedimentary archive. However, there are numerous uncertainties with the application of this concept. Particularly in carbonates, sediment properties such as mineralogical composition and fossil associations are severely altered during post-depositional alteration (diagenesis). We here point out that the assumption of a 1:1 recording of orbital signals in many cases is questionable for carbonate rhythmites. We use computer simulations to show the effect of diagenetic overprint on records of orbital signals in the carbonate record. Such orbital signals may be distorted in terms of frequency, amplitude, and phase by diagenetic processes, and cycles not present in the insolation record may emerge. This questions the routine use of carbonate rhythmites for chronostratigraphic dating
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  • 28
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    The life cycle of 〈em〉Anisakis simplex〈/em〉 in the Norwegian Deep (northern North Sea) (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Parasitology Research, 94 (1). pp. 1-9.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Copepoda (Calanus finmarchicus n=1,722, Paraeuchaeta norvegica n=1,955), Hyperiidae (n=3,019), Euphausiacea (Meganyctiphanes norvegica n=4,780), and the fishes Maurolicus muelleri (n=500) and Pollachius virens (n=33) were collected in the Norwegian Deep (northern North Sea) during summer 2001 to examine the importance of pelagic invertebrates and vertebrates as hosts of Anisakis simplex and their roles in the transfer of this nematode to its final hosts (Cetaceans). Third stage larvae (L3) of A. simplex were found in P. norvegica, M. muelleri and P. virens. The prevalence of A. simplex in dissected P. norvegica was 0.26%, with an intensity of 1. Prevalences in M. muelleri and P. virens were 49.6% and 100.0%, with mean intensities of 1.1–2.6 (total fish length ≥6.0–7.2) and 193.6, respectively. All specimens of C. finmarchicus and M. norvegica examined were free of anisakid nematode species and no other parasites were detected. P. norvegica, which harboured the third stage larvae, is the obligatory first intermediate host of A. simplex in the investigated area. Though there was no apparent development of larvae in M. muelleri, this fish can be considered as the obligatory second intermediate host of A. simplex in the Norwegian Deep. However, it is unlikely that the larva from P. norvegica can be successfully transmitted into the cetacean or pinniped final hosts, where they reach the adult stage. An additional growth phase and a second intermediate host is the next phase in the life cycle. Larger predators such as P. virens serve as paratenic hosts, accumulating the already infective stage from M. muelleri. The oceanic life cycle of A. simplex in the Norwegian Deep is very different in terms of hosts and proposed life cycle patterns of A. simplex from other regions, involving only a few intermediate hosts. In contrast to earlier suggestions, euphausiids have no importance at all for the successful transmission of A. simplex in the Norwegian Deep. This demonstrates that this nematode is able to select definite host species depending on the locality, apparently having a very low level of host specificity. This could explain the wide range of different hosts that have been recorded for this species, and can be seen as the reason for the success of this parasite in reaching its marine mammal final hosts in an oceanic environment.
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  • 29
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    Maximising Multi-Stakeholder Participation in Government and Community Volcanic Hazard Management Programs; A Case Study from Savo, Solomon Islands (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Natural Hazards, 33 (1). pp. 105-136.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods and philosophies were trialed in a volcanic risk management planning and awareness activity for Savo Island, a historically highly destructive volcano in the Solomon Islands. Through a combination of methods we tried to combine the roles of facilitators and educators, and to involve the input of all stakeholders (from community to national government) in the process of volcanic risk management. The PRA approach was an ideal way to address the fundamental differences in outlook, education, needs, and roles of individuals and groups involved or affected. It was also an important catalyst to Savo island- or community-based planning initiatives, which are arguably the most important step toward the preparedness of the 2500 inhabitants of the island for any future destructive volcanic activity. We adapted almost every tenet of the PRA philosophy through inexperience, self-perceived importance and desire to combine both scientific and traditional views for Savo volcanic risk management planning. Nevertheless, what emerged from our experiences was an idea of how fundamentally well suited many PRA approaches are to initiating dialogue within diverse stakeholder groups, and deriving combined scientific/geologic and local/community risk assessments and mitigation action plans. The main challenge remaining includes increasing the involvement or voice of less powerful community members (women, youth, non-landowners) in risk management decision-making in such male-dominated hierarchical societies.
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  • 30
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    Nonlinear transverse oscillations of a geostrophic front (2004)
    MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica | Springer
    In:  Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 40 (4). pp. 394-401.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: A planar problem of nonlinear transverse oscillations of the surface (warm) front of a finite width is considered within the framework of a reduced-gravity model of the ocean. The source of oscillations is the departure of the front from its geostrophic equilibrium. When the current velocity is linear in the horizontal coordinate and the front's depth is quadratic in this coordinate, the problem is reduced to a system of four ordinary differential equations in time. As a result, the solution is obtained in a weakly nonlinear approximation and strongly nonlinear oscillations of the front are studied by numerically solving this system of equations by the Runge-Kutta method. The front's oscillations are always superinertial. Nonlinearity can lead to a decrease or increase in the oscillation frequency in comparison with the linear case. The oscillations are most intense when the current velocity is disturbed in the direction of the front's axis. A weakly nonlinear solution of the second order describes the oscillations very accurately even for initial velocity disturbances reaching 50% of its geostrophic value. An increase in the background-current shear leads to the damping of oscillations of the front's boundary. The amplitude of oscillations of the current velocity increases as the intensity of disturbances increases, and it is relatively small if background-current shears are small or large.
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  • 31
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    Carbonate fluxes and calcareous nannoplankton (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: Coccolithophores. , ed. by Thierstein, H. R. and Young, J. R. Springer, Berlin, pp. 509-528. ISBN 978-3-642-06016-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-06
    Description: Coccolithophores first became significant participants in the carbonate cycle in the Jurassic, but throughout the Jurassic they were largely restricted to shelf and epeiric sea environments. They spread into the open ocean in the Cretaceous, and with this became a major factor in governing the carbonate cycle in the sea. With the development of dissolution-resistant forms, such as Watznaueria barnesae, the coccolithophores perturbed the carbonate system and switched the major site of carbonate deposition from shallow seas to the deep ocean. Several major evolutionary steps in the development of the coccolithophores have forced further changes in the carbon cycle, favoring the deep sea as a site of carbonate deposition. Samples of recent coccolith assemblages from bottom sediments differ from those of living coccolithophores in surface waters. Many of the coccoliths of more delicate species, particularly holococcoliths, are dissolved in the water column or at the sediment surface and are only rarely preserved as fossils. They, along with the pteropods, form an important part of the shallow carbonate cycle. There appears to be a continuous gradation in the level of susceptibility of coccoliths to dissolution, from forms that dissolve in the near-saturated waters of the surface ocean to those that are among the most dissolution-resistant forms of calcite. This continuous dissolution spectrum is in contrast to the planktic foraminifera, in which dissolution of the tests also occurs in a sequence, but through a much more restricted depth range, the lysocline. Whereas the order of dissolution of planktic foraminifera follows their habitat, with warm-water species being most susceptible and cold-water forms most resistant to dissolution, the order of dissolution of coccoliths appears to be related to phylogeny. The steepness of the coccolith carbonate dissolution gradient appears to have changed over time. In the Oligocene almost pure nannofossil carbonate oozes devoid of terrigenous material were widespread, perhaps reflecting unusual climatic conditions on land. The overall effect of coccolithophore evolution has been to move carbonate deposition to the deep sea, where coccolith oozes accumulate on ocean crust and will ultimately be subducted. Only a fraction of the carbon in the subducted carbonate is returned to the surface through volcanic activity. If their activity were to continue for several hundreds of millions of years the coccolithophores would remove much of the carbon from the surface of the Earth to be emplaced in the mantle.
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  • 32
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    Mud volcanoes and gas vents in the Okhotsk Sea area (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 24 (3). pp. 140-149.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-24
    Description: Gas emissions from mud volcanoes on Sakhalin Island and water-column gas flares arising from cold seeps in the Okhotsk Sea appear to be related. They are likely activated by tectonic movements along the transform plate boundary separating the Okhotsk Sea Plate from the Eurasian and Amur plates. Gas vents (flares) and methane anomalies occur in the waters offshore Sakhalin Island, along with NE-SW-trending mounds and fluid escape structures on the seafloor. The intersection of the NE-striking transverse faults on land with the Central Sakhalin and Hokkaido-Sakhalin shear zones apparently determines the sites of mud volcanoes, a pattern that continues offshore where the intersection with the East Sakhalin and West Derugin shear zones determines the sites of the submarine gas vents.
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  • 33
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    Relations between methane venting, geological structure and seismo-tectonics in the Okhotsk Sea (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 24 (3). pp. 135-139.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Methane investigations carried out in the Okhotsk Sea show that the methane flux from the earth’s interior into the water column increased during periods of seismo-tectonic activity between 1988 and 2002. In this case, methane gas hydrates found on the northeast Sakhalin slope may have decomposed due to a reactivation of fault zones. Methane emissions in the Okhotsk Sea generally can be divided into two forms. Firstly, methane vents from decomposing gas hydrates and/or free gas exist below gas hydrate saturated sediments via fault zones, venting into the water column with high bubble concentrations that were recorded by echosounding. These hydro-acoustic anomalies were named “flares”. Methane concentration inside these flares reached 10,000–20,000 nl/l (background methane concentrations in the Okhotsk Sea are less than 90–100 nl/l). Secondly, methane migrates as seepage into the water column from oil- and gas-bearing sedimentary source rocks on the eastern Sakhalin shelf, without showing acoustic anomalies in the water column, probably by filtration and diffusion processes. In these areas methane concentration reached 500–3,000 nl/l. In seismo-tectonically active regions, like the northwestern part of the Okhotsk Sea, many new flares were observed. Their distribution and orientation are usually controlled by fault zones (East Sakhalin Shear Zone in the Okhotsk Sea).
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    Particulate matter ingestion and associated nitrogen uptake by four species of scleractinian corals (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Coral Reefs, 23 . pp. 311-323.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Description: The ingestion of two size classes of natural particulate matter (PM) and the uptake of the associated nitrogen by four species of scleractinian corals was measured using the stable isotopic tracer 15N. PM collected in sediment traps was split into 〈63 and 〉105 µm size fractions and labeled with (15N-NH4)2SO4. Siderastrea radians, Montastrea franksi, Diploria strigosa, and Madracis mirabilis were incubated in flow chambers with the labeled PM in suspension (〈63 µm), or deposited onto coral surfaces (〉105 µm). Ingestion was detected for all four species (98–600 µg Dry wt. cm–2 h–1), but only for D. strigosa was any difference detected between suspended and deposited PM. Only the three mounding species, S. radians, M. franksi, and D. strigosa showed uptake of suspended and deposited particulate nitrogen (PN); whereas, the branched coral M. mirabilis had no measurable PN uptake. Only coral host tissues were enriched with 15N, with no tracer detected in the symbiotic zooxanthellae. Uptake rates ranged from as low as 0.80 µg PN cm–2 h–1 in S. radians to as high as 13 µg PN cm–2 h–1 in M. franksi. M. franksi had significantly higher uptake rates than S. radians (ANOVA, p〈0.05), while D. strigosa had a statistically similar uptake rate compared to both species. These results are the first to compare scleractinian ingestion of nitrogen associated with suspended and deposited particulate matter, and demonstrate that the use of PM as a nitrogen source varies with species and colony morphology.
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    Monitoring defensive responses in macroalgae – limitations and perspectives (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Phytochemistry Reviews, 3 (3). pp. 371-379.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: As part of an ongoing research program aiming at monitoring molecular changes in the tissues and metabolite trafficking in the hydrosphere of algae subjected to chemical stresses, we are discussing the various analytical techniques that have been employed to characterize, and sometimes to quantity these metabolites. High-field multinuclear and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies are powerful tools for metabolite characterization from extracts and in vivo, but quantification and kinetic aspects show some limitations. Modern MS (mass spectrometry) is extremely useful for fingerprinting samples against databases and when dealing with very low concentrations of metabolites, the limitations being set by the type of chromatographic separation and mode of detection coupled with the mass spectrometer. Regarding chemical communication, optimization in terms of resolution and efficiency of hydrosphere chemical analysis can theoretically be achieved in a system which integrates (i) a multiparametric incubation chamber, (ii) a gasphase or a liquid-phase separation system and (iii) mass spectrometer(s) equipped with one or two detectors responding to the analytical and quantitative needs. This text reviews some of the techniques that have been employed in various types of plant metabolic studies, which may serve as a basis towards an integrative analytical strategy directly applicable to the metabolomics of selected marine macrophytes.
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    Corals as Climate Archive (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Climate in Historical Times. , ed. by Fischer, H. Springer, Berlin, pp. 91-108. ISBN 978-3-662-10313-5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-29
    Description: Instrumental climate records are too short to resolve the full range of decadal- to multidecadal-scale natural climate variability. Massive annually banded corals from the tropical and subtropical oceans provide a paleoclimatic archive with a clear seasonal resolution, documenting past variations in water temperature, hydrologic balance, and ocean circulation. Recent coral-based paleoclimatic research has focused mainly on the tropics, providing important implications on the past variability of the El Niño—Southern Oscillation phenomenon and decadal tropical climate variability. New records from some of the rare subtropical/mid-latitude locations of coral growth were shown to reflect aspects of dominant modes of Northern Hemisphere climate variability, e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation. These natural climatic modes have important socio-economic impacts owing to their large-scale modulation of droughts, floods, storms, snowfall, and fish stocks. Coral records from key locations provide the opportunity to assess recent shifts of these modes with respect to the natural climate variability of the pre-instrumental period. Providing a better understanding of their dynamics, coral records, together with records derived from other paleoclimatic archives, are essential for a better predictability of future climate.
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    The Dynamics of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle and its Influence on Atmospheric CO2 Variations (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate. , ed. by Follows, M. and Oguz, T. NATO Science Series, Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 40 . Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 97-148. ISBN 978-1-4020-2087-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-03
    Description: The bioavailability of nutrients represents one of the most important factors controlling the strength of the biological carbon pump and ultimately the impact of ocean biology on atmospheric CO2. Among those nutrients, the macro-nutrients nitrate (NO 2 - ) and phosphate (PO 4 -3 ) play a particularly important role in limiting biological productivity as evidenced by their often near complete exhaustion in surface waters. As near surface NO 2 - concentrations are generally somewhat lower than those of PO 4 -3 relative to the demand by phytoplankton, biological oceanographers have argued historically that NO 2 - rather than PO 4 -3 is the primary macro-nutrient controlling phytoplankton productivity[Smith, 1984; Codispoti, 1989; Tyrrell, 1999] . Geologists, in contrast, regarded PO 4 -3 as the primary controlling macronutrient[Codispoti, 1989]. They argued that while NO 2 - may indeed be the limiting factor at any given location and time, PO 4 -3 is truly the limiting factor on geological time-scales, because the biologically mediated fixation of the much more abundant dinitrogen gas (N2) into organic nitrogen is alleviating the scarcity of bioavailable nitrogen (Figure 1). Phosphate on the other hand, does not have such a biologically mediated source (Figure 1). It is therefore the geologically controlled balance between the riverine (and atmospheric) input of PO 4 -3 and its burial on the sea-floor that ultimately controls marine biological productivity. Tyrrell [ 1999] provided a synthesis of these two views by identifying NO 2 - as the proximate nutrient, while giving PO 4 -3 the role of being the ultimate nutrient.
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    Effect of sexual maturation on the tissue biochemical composition of Octopus vulgaris and O. defilippi (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 145 (3).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-24
    Description: Changes in the protein, lipid, glycogen, cholesterol and energy contents, total amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Octopus vulgaris and O. defilippi tissues (gonad, digestive gland and muscle) during sexual maturation (spermatogenesis and oogenesis) were investigated. Both species showed an increase of amino acids and protein content in the gonad throughout sexual maturation (namely in oogenesis), but allocation of these nitrogen compounds from the digestive gland and muscle was not evident. The major essential amino acids in the three tissues were leucine, lysine and arginine. The major non-essential amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine. With respect to carbon compounds, a significant increasing trend (P〈0.05) in the lipid and fatty acid contents in the three tissues was observed, and, consequently, there was also little evidence of accumulated lipid storage reserves being used for egg production. It seems that for egg production both Octopus species use energy directly from food, rather than from stored products. This direct acquisition model contrasts with the previous model for Octopus vulgaris proposed by O’Dor and Wells (1978: J Exp Biol 77:15–31). Most of saturated fatty acid content of the three tissues was presented as 16:0 and 18:0, monounsaturated fatty acid content as 18:1 and 20:1 and polyunsaturated fatty acid content as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). Though cholesterol is an important precursor of steroid hormones, this sterol content exhibited variations that do not seem to be related with the maturation process. Moreover, significant differences (P〈0.05) were obtained between genders, suggesting that perhaps there is a greater physiological demand for cholesterol during spermatogenesis than oogenesis. If the component sterols of octopus are of a dietary origin, considerable variation in the cholesterol content between species might be expected on the basis of the sterol composition of their prey. The glycogen reserves increased significantly in the gonad and decreased significantly (P〈0.05) in the digestive gland and muscle of O. vulgaris (these trends were not evident in O. defilippi). Glycogen may play an important role in the maturation process and embryogenesis of these organisms, because carbohydrates are precursors of metabolic intermediates in the production of energy. It was evident that sexual maturation had a significant effect upon the gonad energy content, but the non-significant energy variation (P〉0.05) in the digestive gland and muscle revealed no evidence that storage reserves are transferred from tissue to tissue. The biochemical composition of digestive gland and muscle may not be influenced by sexual maturation, but rather by other biotic factors, such as feeding activity, food availability, spawning and brooding.
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  • 39
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    Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of the gentoo penguin ( Pygoscelis papua ) at Kerguelen Islands (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 27 (4). pp. 206-216.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-06
    Description: Benthic divers are dependent on local resources and may therefore adopt different foraging strategies to cope with their energetic requirements in varying situations. We investigated the diet of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at Kerguelen Islands, comparing its spatial and temporal variations with the general prey distribution. The study was conducted at four sites over 2 years. In total, 212 stomach contents were collected over the entire breeding season. The diet was composed mainly of neritic fish and crustaceans, with important spatial and seasonal variations. Fish dominated the diet at localities facing the open sea (from 38.0% to 94.6% by mass), whereas crustaceans dominated at the more protected site (84.3% by mass). Fish were more abundant in the winter diet and Euphausia vallentini, the major crustacean species, was more abundant in the summer diet. No inter-year variations were detected. These results are consistent with local prey availability, and highlight the large plasticity of the gentoo penguin diet and foraging behaviour.
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  • 40
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    A comparative study of the cephalopod prey of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) near Macquarie Island (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 27 (10). pp. 604-612.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-07
    Description: Within the Southern Ocean, Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Linnaeus) forage mainly on fish and cephalopods. From what is known of their diets, the proportion of fish is greatest in toothfish diet. When foraging at-sea for squid, elephant seals and toothfish most often co-occur over continental shelves and submarine plateaux surrounding sub-Antarctic land masses within the Southern Ocean. I used traditional (non-molecular) techniques to compare the squid diet of these two predators. Of the 21 squid species identified, 10 were common to the diets of both predators. One species, Gonatus antarcticus, dominated (61%) the biomass of squid consumed by toothfish, but was of little importance to the elephant seals (2.3%). By contrast, Martialia hyadesi was the most important single species to the elephant seals’ diet (29%), but it contributed 1% to the toothfish diet. Onychoteuthids (Kondakovia longimana, Moroteuthis ingens and Morotenthis knipovitchi) were important to both predators’ diets. The median sizes of five cephalopod species (Slosarczykovia circumantarctica, Galiteuthis glacialis, Gonatus antarcticus, Moroteuthis ingens and Moroteuthis knipovitchi) which were common to both the seal and toothfish diets, were significantly larger in the toothfish stomachs than in the elephant-seal stomachs. Percent similarity indices for the squids that overlapped both diets were in some cases as high as 100%. However, after between-species differences in prey size consumption were accounted for, the similarities fell to between 20 and 50%. These results indicate that the strength of the trophic interaction between the seals and the fish might be weaker than previously thought. The consumption of significantly different-sized squid can also be used to suggest spatial (vertical) foraging separation of these two predators because there is evidence for ontogenetic change in the size of squid species with depth; older, and thus larger, squids live deeper than smaller individuals of the same species.
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  • 41
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    Egg-capsule deposition and how behavioral interactions influence spawning rate in the squid Loligo opalescens in Monterey Bay, California (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 145 (5). pp. 923-930.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-13
    Description: Recent evidence suggests that, contrary to what was believed previously, most Loligo spp. females spawn multiple times and do not die immediately following a single spawning event. The present study used sustained focal observations of male/female pairs of the opalescent inshore squid Loligo opalescens Berry to examine the structure and behavior of near-bottom spawning groups. The study was carried out in a small area (10 km2) of Monterey Bay, California (36°36.1′N; 121°53.4′W), at depths of 25–45 m, using video cameras mounted on remotely operated vehicles. Behavioral observations were made primarily during daylight hours over known spawning beds in April and November 2000, and August 2001. Squid formed large aggregations in the water column where pairing occurred. Most commonly, only small numbers of active spawners were found at the substrate depositing egg capsules, and the mean operational sex ratio in the spawning groups was 1.87 males:1 female (range=1.0–8.5), although the ratio fluctuated rapidly as roving lone males joined and departed from the small spawning groups. On average, females (n=40) deposited 2.67 capsules (range 2–7) per focal observation at an average interval of 8.47 min between depositions (n=67). Following deposition of the capsules, females broke away from their consort males and jetted upwards to rejoin large schools located many meters above the substrate. Egg-capsule deposition was often interrupted by lone males seeking a mate, or by the approach of predators including fish and marine mammals. The results suggest that most of the communal egg beds in southern Monterey Bay are built up slowly through daily intermittent spawning, not in large “big bang” reproductive events as often depicted for L. opalescens.
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  • 42
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    Feeding ecology of Antarctic fur seals at Cape Shirreff, South Shetlands, Antarctica (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 27 (2). pp. 92-98.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-31
    Description: This study examined the diet of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, from an active breeding colony at Cape Shirreff (62°28′S, 60°48′W), Livingston Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica. It analysed faecal samples from five consecutive years (1997–2001) and length distribution of krill taken by trawl nets in the vicinity of Livingston Island. Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, was the most frequent prey item, followed by several myctophid species (Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Electrona antarctica and Electrona carlsbergi), squid and penguin remains. From 1998 to 2001, a modal progression in krill size was evident, suggesting that A. gazella was depending on a strong krill cohort, at least over the study period. Analysis of size distribution and size selectivity of krill preyed upon by fur seals suggests a preference for larger krill (〉34 mm), despite the broader size range of preys items available.
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  • 43
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    Habitat and age of the giant squid ( Architeuthis sanctipauli ) inferred from isotopic analyses (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 144 (4). pp. 685-691.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-03
    Description: The age and habitat of the giant squid, Architeuthis sanctipauli Velain, 1877, were determined based on isotopic analyses of the statoliths of three female specimens captured off Tasmania, Australia, between January and March 1996. Assuming that the aragonite of the statoliths formed in equilibrium with seawater, δ18O analyses indicated that the squid lived at temperatures of 10.5–12.9°C, corresponding to average depths of 125–250 m and maximum depths of 500 m. The capture records indicated that these squid may have occasionally ranged still deeper, to as much as 1000 m. All the statoliths were labeled with bomb 14C (Δ14C=+22.9‰ to +44.6‰), consistent with the depths inferred from δ18O. A thin section through one of the statoliths revealed 351 growth increments grouped into check-ring structures every 10–16 increments. A model for statolith growth and the pattern of temporal change in Δ14C in the water column was used to estimate the ages of the three specimens. These estimates were very sensitive to the choice of depth range over which Δ14C values were integrated. Assuming that the capture depths represented the maximum habitat depths of these individuals, the calculations suggested an age of 14 years or less. More refined age estimates require a better understanding of the variation of Δ14C and temperature with depth in the areas in which the squids live.
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  • 44
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    Size selectivity of a trammel net for oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Fisheries science, 70 (6). pp. 945-951.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-23
    Description: The size selectivity of a trammel net for herded oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana in Tateyama Bay, Chiba Prefecture, was estimated by comparison between the mantle length frequency distributions of oval squid caught by a trammel net and by a set net. The measured mesh sizes of the inner net of the trammel net and of the final section of the set net were 85.3 and 11.3 mm, respectively. In the trammel net fishery where oval squid are herded into the net, most of the oval squid are caught in the bag-shaped inner net. Hence, the logistic function was employed for the size selectivity curve of the trammel net. The ‘share each length's catch total’ (SELECT) model was implemented for the estimation of the selectivity curve. The size selectivity r(l) of the trammel net for the oval squid was expressed as a logistic function of the mantle length l: r(l)=exp (-18.57+0.88 l)/[1+exp (-18.57+0.88 l)]. From these logistic parameter estimates, the 50% selection mantle length and selection range (L75-L25) were calculated as 21.07 and 2.49 cm, respectively. The selection probability of oval squid whose mantle girth was equivalent to the mesh perimeter of the inner net was 0.09. Accordingly, oval squid of a girth smaller than the mesh perimeter were likely to pass through the mesh to escape from the net.
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  • 45
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    Taylor-Couette flow with independently rotating end plates (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 18 (2-4). pp. 129-136.
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 46
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    Differential impacts of copepods and cladocerans on lake seston, and resulting effects on zooplankton growth (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 526 . pp. 197-207.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-02
    Description: In an enclosure study in Schöhsee, a small mesotrophic lake in Northern Germany, the impact of copepods and daphniids on the seston community was studied. In general, these two guilds differ in their feeding behaviour. Copepods actively select their food, with a preference for larger particles, whereas most cladocerans are unselective filter-feeders. In this study we investigate how the impact of the two different grazers affects zooplankton growth. We combine results obtained in the laboratory with results measured in situ in the enclosures. Copepods and cladocerans were cultured on seston from enclosures that were inhabited by density gradients of copepods or daphniids. We observed that Daphnia grew faster on seston that was pre-handled by copepods than on seston that was pre-handled by daphniids, and that somatic growth decreased with increasing densities of daphniids in the enclosures. In contrast, we observed no differences in development rates for copepods grown on the different media. The population growth rates of Daphnia in the Daphnia treatments were determined in the enclosures. Growth differences in both somatic- and population growth of Daphnia were correlated to food quality aspects of the seston. In the laboratory we found that Daphnia growth was correlated with several fatty acids. The strongest regression was with the concentration of 20:4ω3 (r2= 0.37). This particular fatty acid also showed the highest correlation with growth after normalisation of the fatty acids to the carbon content of the enclosures (r2= 0.33). On the other hand, in the enclosure the population growth correlated most to the particulate nitrogen content (r2= 0.78) and only to the N:C ratio, when normalised to carbon (r2= 0.51).
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  • 47
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    Participatory methods of incorporating scientific with traditional knowledge for volcanic hazard management on Ambae Island, Vanuatu (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 66 (7). pp. 652-668.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: Ambae Island is the largest of Vanuatu’s active volcanoes. It is also one of the nation’s potentially most dangerous, with 60 million m3 of lake-water perched at over 1340 m in the summit caldera and over the active vent. In 1995, small phreatic explosions, earthquake swarms and heightened gas release led to calls for evacuation preparation and community volcanic hazard awareness programs for the ~9500 inhabitants. Differences in perspective or world-view between the island dwellers adhering to traditional beliefs (Kastom) and external scientists and emergency managers led to a climate of distrust following this crisis. In an attempt to address these issues, rebuild dialogue and respect between communities, outside scientists and administrators, and move forward in volcanic hazard education and planning for Ambae, we adapted and applied Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approaches. Initial gender-segregated PRA exercises from two representative communities provided a mechanism for cataloguing local traditional viewpoints and hazard perceptions. Ultimately, by combining elements of these viewpoints and perceptions with science-based management structures, we derived volcanic hazard management guidelines, supported by an alert system and map that were more readily accepted by the test communities than the earlier “top-down” plans imposed by outside governmental and scientific agencies. The strength of PRA approaches is that they permit scientists to understand important local perspective issues, including visualisations of volcanic hazards, weaknesses in internal and external communication systems, and gender and hierarchy conflicts, all of which can hinder community emergency management. The approach we describe has much to offer both developing and industrialised communities that wish to improve their awareness programs and mitigative planning. This approach should also enhance communication and understanding between volcanologists and the communities they serve.
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  • 48
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    Associations of cyanobacterial toxin, nodularin, with environmental factors and zooplankton in the Baltic Sea (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Microbial Ecology, 47 (4). pp. 350-358.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-22
    Description: Concentrations of a cyanobacterial toxin, nodularin, were measured in the Baltic Sea in 1998 and 1999. Statistical associations of nodularin concentrations with environmental factors were tested by multiple regression analysis. To reveal the toxin-producing organism, colonies of Aphanizomenon and filaments of Nodularia were picked and analyzed for peptide toxins. It was also investigated whether there was an association with zooplankton and Nodularia. All the measured seston samples contained nodularin, but other toxins were not detected by the HPLC analysis. In both years, the highest nodularin concentrations were found at the surface water layer. The nodularin concentrations were positively correlated with silicate concentrations in water. High concentrations of silica in surface water may indicate recent upwelling, which in turn renders surface water rich in nutrients. This upwelling is likely to intensify cyanobacterial growth and toxin production, which may explain this rather unexpected result. The picked Aphanizomenon colonies did not contain nodularin and the dissolved nodularin concentrations were below detection limit. Thus it was concluded that most of the nodularin was bound to Nodularia cells. The abundances of zooplankton (copepods, rotifers, and cladocerans) were unrelated to Nodularia, but were positively associated with Aphanizomenon.
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  • 49
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    To the bottom of the heart: Cloacal movement as an index of cardiac frequency, respiration and digestive evacuation in penguins (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 144 . pp. 813-827.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: A system is presented which uses a Hall sensor and an adjacent magnet, attached close to the cloaca of penguins, to record defecation, respiration and heart rates for both free-living birds and those in captivity. The output of the Hall sensor depends on a magnetic field, the strength of which is influenced in the presented scenario by the proximity of the magnet, which varies with movement of the cloaca. The elasticity of the cloaca results in minute, but perceptible, movements associated with the heart, respiration and defecation, although placement of the magnet and sensor is critical, and not all parameters can be measured all of the time. The system, incorporating a logger that can record at frequencies of 50 Hz, was tested on 17 captive and 4 freeliving Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus, in Argentina. It showed increased defecation rate associated with feeding, the expected trends in bradycardia and tachycardia associated with diving, and appeared to record some movement of air sacs associated with breathing. The concept of measuring minute changes in relative exterior body positions as a cue to internal processes may be important in future studies for both free-living and captive animals, particularly since it is non-invasive and relatively easy to deploy.
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  • 50
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    Internal-wave induced and double-diffusive nutrient fluxes to the nutrient-consuming surface layer in the oligotrophic subtropical North Atlantic (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Ocean Dynamics, 54 . pp. 1-7.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-06
    Description: In the literature, an inconsistency exists between estimates of biotically-effected carbon export inferred from large-scale geochemical studies (Jenkins 1982; 47 gC m−2 a−1) and local measurements of turbulent nutrient supply (Lewis et al. 1986; 4 gC m−2 a−1) in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic. Nutrient supply to the upper ocean by turbulent mixing is reexamined using local standard oceanographic measurements and high-resolution vertical profiles of nutrients averaged over a large region directly comparable to that investigated by Jenkins (1982).
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  • 51
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    Are taxonomy details of relevance to ecologists? An example from microcopepods of the Red Sea (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 144 . pp. 1127-1140.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: The marine microcopepod family Oncaeidae in the Red Sea has been the subject of comprehensive ecological studies over the past 15 years, providing for the first time insights into their community structure, vertical distribution and feeding ecology. Owing to taxonomic problems in species identification, however, many of the earlier ecological results were based on provisionally named species or morphotypes. A recent, ongoing taxonomic study of Red Sea Oncaeidae resulted in a considerable increase in the estimated numbers of species, since many of the species had not been described before. The present paper focuses on the potential significance of an improved taxonomic resolution of oncaeids with respect to various ecological aspects in this area, such as indicator species, community analysis and vertical distribution. The progress in our knowledge of the diversity of Red Sea Oncaeidae is summarized, including latest findings on the taxonomy and zoogeography of very small species (〈0.5 mm), and the importance of sibling species in the family is pointed out. The south–north gradient in species diversity of Oncaeidae within the Red Sea appears to be greater than previously assumed, since several of the newly described species were restricted to the southern part. The number of endemic species among Red Sea oncaeids is very low, however, most of the new species being also recorded outside the Red Sea. New quantitative data on the abundance and vertical distribution of selected oncaeid siblings obtained during a recent cruise in the northern Red Sea are provided to exemplify the changes in the knowledge of oncaeid community structure attributable to the improved taxonomic resolution. The potential ecological importance of a more differentiated consideration of oncaeid species in marine microcopepod communities is discussed
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  • 52
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    Surface temperature control in the North and tropical Pacific during the last glacial maximum (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-01
    Description: Based on coupled modelling evidence we argue that topographically-induced modifications of the large-scale atmospheric circulation during the last glacial maximum may have led to a reduction of the westerlies, and a slowdown of the Pacific subtropical gyre as well as to an intensification of the Pacific subtropical cell. These oceanic circulation changes generate an eastern North Pacific warming, an associated cooling in the Kuroshio area, as well as a cooling of the tropical oceans, respectively. The tropical cooling pattern resembles a permanent La Niña state which in turn forces atmospheric teleconnection patterns that lead to an enhancement of the subtropical warming by reduced latent and sensible cooling of the ocean. In addition, the radiative cooling due to atmospheric CO2 and water vapor reductions imposes a cooling tendency in the tropics and subtropics, thereby intensifying the permanent La Niña conditions. The remote North Pacific response results in a warming tendency of the eastern North Pacific which may level off the effect of the local radiative cooling. Hence, a delicate balance between oceanic circulation changes, remotely induced atmospheric flux anomalies as well local radiative cooling is established which controls the tropical and North Pacific temperature anomalies during the last glacial maximum. Furthermore, we discuss how the aftermath of a Heinrich event may have affected glacial temperatures in the Pacific Ocean.
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  • 53
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    Responses of hydrological processes to environmental change at small catchment scales (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Vegetation, water, humans and the climate | Global Change - The IGBP Series
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 54
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    Case Study 2: Integrated ecohydrological analysis of a temperate developed region: The Elbe river basin in central europe (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Vegetation, water, humans and the climate | Global Change - The IGBP series
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 55
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    Integrated ecohydrological modelling considering nutrient dynamics in river catchments (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Vegetation, water, humans and the climate | Global Change - The IGBP series
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 56
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    Thermohaline Circulation: Past Changes and Future Surprises (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Global Change and the Earth System: A planet under pressure
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 57
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    Welt im Wandel: Armutsbekämpfung durch Umweltpolitik (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Welt im Wandel: Armutsbekämpfung durch Umweltpolitik
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 58
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    Sponge/Algal Symbioses : a Diversity of Associations (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 59
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    Early warning success for the 1976 Tangshan earthquake: a best practise integrating public administration an science (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 479-480, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake ; China ; Project report/description ; Seismology ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 60
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    Remote sensing of subglacial eruptions in Iceland and the development of related warning systems (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 45, no. Subvol. a, pp. 515-520, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Volcanology ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; Muenzer ; Munzer
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  • 61
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    Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN: 0-444-51340-X)
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    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; outreach ; politics ; communication ; management ; response ; rain ; storms ; floods ; droughts ; El ; Nino ; earthquakes ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Japan ; Mexico ; Istanbul ; Turkey ; Taiwan ; Bucharest ; Romania ; China ; Armenia ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Global Positioning System ; Volcanology ; Tsunami(s) ; landslides ; avalanches ; fires ; technology ; environment ; Rapid damage assessment ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; remote ; sensing ; GIS ; islands ; cyclones ; future ; technical ; requirements ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 62
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    Can plate motion surveys by Global Positioning System measurements be considered as an alert system (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 495-502, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Plate tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Stress ; Strain ; Seismicity ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Project of creation of an earthquake early warning system for Armenia (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 487-494, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Project report/description ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Early warning systems for tsunami - an overview (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 24, no. 16, pp. 535-536, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Tsunami(s) ; Seismicity ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Earthquake early warning systems: current status and perspectives (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 409-423, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Review article ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Geochemical monitoring on Merapi volcano, Indonesia (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 511-514, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Geochemistry ; Volcanology ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    UrEDAS: The early warning system for mitigation of disasters caused by earthquakes and tsunamis (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 453-460, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Japan ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Tsunami(s) ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Geodesy: The Challenge of the Third Millennium (2003)
    Springer
    In:  New York, 473 pp., Springer, vol. 10, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 3-540-43160-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Textbook of geodesy ; methods ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Instruments ; Global Positioning System ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; InSAR ; geoid ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Earth rotation ; Strain ; visions ; for ; the ; future ; state ; of ; the ; science
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    Introduction to Maple, 3rd ed. (2003)
    Springer
    In:  New York, 828 pp., Springer, vol. 16, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-387-00230-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Handbook of mathematics ; Modelling ; software ; manual ; computer ; algebra ; symbolic ; mathematics ; MATLAB
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    Nonlinear Dynamics of the Lithosphere and Earthquake Prediction (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, XIV + 337 pp., Springer, vol. 9, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 3-540-43528-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Pattern recognition ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Lithosphere ; complexity ; hierarchical ; dissipative ; system ; static ; Dynamic ; lattice ; Modelling ; synthetic ; Earthquake catalog ; Fault zone ; block ; rotations ; decision ; theory
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    Methods and Applications of Signal Processing in Seismic Network Operations (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 98, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 1-4020-1592-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; earthquake ; warning ; Seismic networks ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Location ; Detectors ; Time series analysis ; Seismology
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    The SIL seismological data acquisition system - as operated in Iceland in Sweden (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Methods and Applications of Signal Processing in Seismic Network Operations, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 98, no. 16, pp. 131-148, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; earthquake ; warning ; Seismic networks ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Location ; Detectors ; Time series analysis ; Seismology ; Boedvarsson ; Bodvarsson
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    Global Positioning System - Theory, Algorithms and Applications (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 0-06-057199-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Textbook of geodesy ; Handbook of geodesy ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; KSGSoft ; program ; software ; Filter- ; Error analysis
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    Earthquake early warning system in Japan (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 24, no. 16, pp. 447-452, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Review article ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    The seismic alert system in Mexico City and the school prevention program (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1002, no. 231, pp. 441-446, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Seismology ; Seismic networks ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Predictions and social response capacities in face of the 1995 Menglian earthquake (M=7.3): an overview (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 481-486, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; China ; case ; study ; Earthquake ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Earthquake disasters: prediction, prevention and early warning (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 425-431, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismology ; Mexico ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Microearthquake analysis at local seismic networks in Iceland and Sweden and earthquake precursors (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Methods and Applications of Signal Processing in Seismic Network Operations, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 98, no. 16, pp. 149-172, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Seismic networks ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Location ; Detectors ; Time series analysis ; Seismology
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    Information and warnings to authorities and to the public about seismic and volcanic hazards in Iceland (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 228, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismicity ; warning ; time ; Seismology ; micro-zonation ; Seismic networks ; Project report/description ; Rapid damage assessment ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; monitoring ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; Stefansson ; SIL
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    Volcano monitoring and eruption warnings (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. 16, pp. 505-510, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Volcanology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    European warning system (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 14B, no. 16, pp. 465-469, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    25 seconds for Bucharest (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 471-477, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Romania ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Karlsruhe ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; SFB ; 461
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    On the establishment of an automatic earthquake information broadcast system in Taiwan (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 462-464, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; Seismicity ; Seismology ; China ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Towards an earthquake early warning system for the megacity of Istanbul (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. Memoir 157, no. 1, pp. 433-440, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Turkey ; Seismicity ; warning ; time ; Seismology ; micro-zonation ; Seismic networks ; Project report/description ; Rapid damage assessment ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; monitoring ; Isikara ; Yalcin ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; Erguenay ; Ergunay
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    The MERAPI-Project - Interdisciplinary monitoring of a high-risk volcano as a basis of an early warning system (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. Memoir 157, no. 1, pp. 527-532, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Indonesia ; Java ; Seismicity ; warning ; time ; Seismology ; Seismic networks ; Project report/description ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; monitoring ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; Luehr ; Luhr
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    Stratigraphy of recent deep-sea sediments based upon foraminiferal fauna (2003)
    Springer
    In:  In: Milestones in Geosciences. , ed. by Dullo, W. C. Springer, Berlin, pp. 51-53.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: Stratigraphy is the fundament for the establishment and clarification of numerous questions in geology. The problem of the stratification of fossil sediments played a decisive role in the past, and continues to do so today. If one wishes to gain insight regarding the nature of the formation of today’s deposits, and avoid serious errors in the comparison of the same, one must, of necessity, first concern oneself with the sequence of recent sediment layers.
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    Milestones in geosciences : selected benchmark papers published in the journal "Geologische Rundschau" (2003)
    Springer
    In:  , ed. by Dullo, W. C. Springer, Berlin, 145 pp. ISBN 3-540-44221-9
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    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
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    Mud volcanoes and gas hydrates in the Black Sea: new data from Dvurechenskii and Odessa mud volcanoes (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 23 (3-4). pp. 239-249.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-22
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    The REE-Ti mineral chevkinite in comenditic magmas from Gran Canaria, Spain: a SYXRF-probe study (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 145 (6). pp. 730-741.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Description: The REE-Ti silicate chevkinite has been recognised previously in Miocene ignimbrites from Gran Canaria, and in correlative offshore syn-ignimbrite turbidites. We have estimated the partition coefficients of REE, Y, Zr and Nb for chevkinite and co-existing peralkaline rhyolitic (comendite) glass using synchrotron-XRF-probe analyses (SYXRF) in order to evaluate the role of this mineral in the REE budget of felsic peralkaline magmas. The Zr/Nb ratio of the chevkinite is 1.55–1.7, strongly contrasting with Zr/Nb of 6.5 in the associated glass. Zr shows a three-fold enrichment in chevkinite relative to the residual melt, whereas Nb is enriched by a factor 〉10. The enrichment of Ce and La in chevkinite is even more significant, namely 19 wt(%) Ce and 12 wt(%) La, compared to 236 ppm Ce and 119 ppm La in the glass. Chevkinite/glass ratios are 988±30 for La, 806±30 for Ce, 626±30 for Pr, 615±40 for Nd, 392±50 for Sm, 225±30 for Eu, 142±25 for Gd, 72±20 for Dy. For trace elements, we derived KdTE of 74±25 for Y, 〉8 for Hf, 〉50 for Th, 15±5 for Nb and 3.55±0.4 for Zr. Mineral/glass ratios for co-existing titanite are 28±10 for La, 86±20 for Ce, 98±30 for Pr, 134±35 for Nd, 240±50 for Sm, 50±20 for Eu, 96±25 for Gd, 82±25 for Dy, 99±30 for Y, 45±10 for Nb and 3±0.5 for Zr. Based on these data, the removal of only 0.05 wt% of chevkinite from a magma with initially 300 ppm Ce would deplete the melt by 93 ppm to yield 207 ppm Ce in the residual liquid. Chevkinite thus appears, when present, to be the controlling mineral within the LREE budget of evolved peralkaline magmas.
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    The eruptive history and volcanic hazards of Savo, Solomon Islands (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 65 (2-3). pp. 165-181.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-29
    Description: Savo Island is the 6-km-diameter emergent summit of an andesitic-dacitic stratovolcano, rising from the Iron Bottom Sound, 35 km NW of Honiara, Solomon Islands. Savo has erupted at least three times within recorded history and the 3,000 inhabitants maintain extensive oral traditions of past events. Through description and interpretation of the volcaniclastic sequences on the island, in conjunction with historical accounts and oral traditions, we reconstruct the eruptive processes on Savo. Block-and-ash flow (BAF) deposits are volumetrically dominant on the island within three main depositional environments: near-vent sequences, thick medial channel sequences and distal fan sequences. The deposits comprise universally non-vesicular and highly porphyritic (40–70% phenocrysts), high-silica andesite and dacite clasts. These appear to have been derived from collapsing lava domes during an 1560–1570 a.d. eruption. However, eyewitness descriptions and crater morphology suggest that similar deposits formed from dome explosions or collapses of eruption columns during later eruptions (1830–1840a.d.).Thehigh-sodiummagmas(ca.5–7wt% Na2O) apparently crystallised and strongly degassed prior to eruption. Shallow explosions were possibly caused by entrapment of magmatic gases beneath a dome or conduit plug of highly crystalline, near solid magma. Repeated sealing of the vent may have been due to inward collapse of the highly altered rocks of the surrounding hydrothermal system; these rocks probably were saturated due to contemporaneous high intensity rainfall events. BAFs were hot enough to char vegetation and attain aligned clast TRM (thermal remnant magnetism) up to 3 km from the vent, many being accompanied by ash-cloud surges. Changes with distance in the BAF deposits appear mostly dependent on flow confinement and are limited to an overall decrease in thickness and maximum clast size, and an increased definition of weak planar fabrics. In distal fan sequences, there is strong evidence for syn- and posteruptive redeposition of primary deposits. Since the Savo population is concentrated on coastal volcaniclastic fans, we consider the greatest volcanic risk to life is from BAFs, associated ash-cloud surges and lahars. Hence, the main channels and fans are designated as the highest of three relative hazard zones on a simple map prepared to aid local education and planning initiatives on Savo.
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    Late Cenozoic volcanism in the western Woodlark Basin area, SW Pacific: the sources of marine volcanic ash layers based on their elemental and Sr-Nd isotope compositions (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 65 (2-3). pp. 182-200.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-23
    Description: Tephra fallout layers and volcaniclastic deposits, derived from volcanic sources around and on the Papuan Peninsula, form a substantial part of the Woodlark Basin marine sedimentary succession. Sampling by the Ocean Drilling Program Leg 180 in the western Woodlark Basin provides the opportunity to document the distribution of the volcanically-derived components as well as to evaluate their chronology, chemistry, and isotope compositions in order to gain information on the volcanic sources and original magmatic systems. Glass shards selected from 57 volcanogenic layers within the sampled Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary sequence show predominantly rhyolitic compositions, with subordinate basaltic andesites, basaltic trachy-andesites, andesites, trachy-andesites, dacites, and phonolites. It was possible to correlate only a few of the volcanogenic layers between sites using geochemical and age information apparently because of the formation of strongly compartmentalised sedimentary realms on this actively rifting margin. In many cases it was possible to correlate Leg 180 volcanic components with their eruption source areas based on chemical and isotope compositions. Likely sources for a considerable number of the volcanogenic deposits are Moresby and Dawson Strait volcanoes (D’Entrecasteaux Islands region) for high-K calc-alkaline glasses. The Dawson Strait volcanoes appear to represent the source for five peralkaline tephra layers. One basaltic andesitic volcaniclastic layer shows affinities to basaltic andesites from the Woodlark spreading tip and Cheshire Seamount. For other layers, a clear identification of the sources proved impossible, although their isotope and chemical signatures suggest similarities to south-west Pacific subduction volcanism, e.g. New Britain and Tonga– Kermadec island arcs. Volcanic islands in the Trobriand Arc (for example, Woodlark Island Amphlett Islands and/ or Egum Atoll) are probable sources for several volcaniclastic layers with ages between 1.5 to 3 Ma. The Lusancay Islands can be excluded as a source for the volcanogenic layers found during Leg 180. Generally, the volcanogenic layers indicate much calc-alkaline rhyolitic volcanism in eastern Papua since 3.8 Ma. Starting at 135 ka, however, peralkaline tephra layers appear. This geochemical change in source characteristics might reflect the onset of a change in geotectonic regime, from crustal subduction to spreading, affecting the D’Entrecasteaux Islands region. Initial 143Nd/144Nd ratios as low as 0.5121 and 0.5127 for two of the tephra layers are interpreted as indicating that D’Entrecasteaux Islands volcanism younger than 2.9 Ma occasionally interacted with the Late Archean basement, possibly reflecting the mobilisation of the deep continental crust during active rift propagation.
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    Sorbicillactone A: a Structurally Unprecedented Bioactive Novel-Type Alkaloid from a Sponge-Derived Fungus (2003)
    Springer
    In:  In: Sponges (Porifera). Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, 37 . Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 231-253. ISBN 978-3-642-62471-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-09
    Description: This chapter deals with the discovery of sorbicillactone A, as an illustrative example of the fruitful cooperation within BIOTECmarin — its isolation and chemical characterization, and its biological activities. Sorbicillactone A was isolated from a strain of Penicillium chrysogenum cultured from a sample of the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia fasciculata; it possesses a unique bicyclic lactone structure, seemingly derived from sorbicillin. Among the numerous known sorbicillin-derived structures, it is the first found to contain nitrogen and thus the first representative of a novel type of ‘sorbicillin alkaloids’, apparently originating from a likewise remarkable biosynthesis. Furthermore, the compound exhibits promising activities in several mammalian and viral test systems, in particular a highly selective cytostatic activity against murine leukemic lymphoblasts (L5178y) and the ability to protect human T cells against the cytopathic effects of HIV-1. These properties qualify sorbicillactone A or one of its derivatives for animal and (hopefully) also future therapeutic human trials.
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    Microbial Diversity of Marine Sponges (2003)
    Springer
    In:  In: Sponges (Porifera). , ed. by Müller, W. E. G. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, 37 . Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 59-88. ISBN 978-3-642-62471-1
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-17
    Description: The recent application of molecular microbial ecology tools to sponge-microbe associations has revealed a glimpse into the biodiversity of these microbial communities, that is considered just ‘the tip of the iceberg’. This chapter provides an overview over these new findings with regard to identity, diversity and distribution patterns of sponge-associated microbial consortia. The sponges Aplysina aerophoba (Verongida), Rhopaloeides odorabile (Dicytoceratida) and Theonella swinhoei (Lithistida) were chosen as model systems for this review because they have been subject to both, cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent approaches. A discussion of the microbial assemblages of Halichondria panicea is presented in the accompanying chapter by Imhoff and Stöhr. Considering that a large fraction of sponge-associated microbes is not yet amenable to cultivation, an emphasis has been placed on the techniques centering around the 16S rRNA gene. A section has been included that covers the potential of sponge microbial communities for drug discovery. Finally, a ‘sponge-microbe interaction model’ is presented that summarizes our current understanding of the processes that might have shaped the community structure of the microbial assemblages within sponges.
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    Antimicrobial Activities and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Bacillus Isolates from the Marine Sponge Aplysina aerophoba (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biotechnology, 5 (5). pp. 424-434.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-27
    Description: The aim of this study was to isolate bacteria that are resistant to the strong antimicrobial metabolites characteristic of Aplysina aerophoba. For this purpose, bacterial isolation was performed on agar plates to which sponge tissue extract had been added. Following screening for antifungal and antimicrobial activities, 5 strains were chosen for more detailed analyses. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing revealed that all isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus, specifically B. subtilis and B. pumilus. Using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry typing of whole cells and antimicrobial bioassays against selected reference strains, the bioactive metabolites were identified as lipopeptides.
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  • 95
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    Monitoring microbial diversity and natural product profiles of the sponge Aplysina cavernicola following transplantation (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 142 (4). pp. 685-692.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-27
    Description: In order to assess the stability of the microbial community of the sponge Aplysina cavernicola under in situ conditions, sponges were transplanted from their original location (〉40 m depth) to shallower, more light-exposed sites (7–15 m depth). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the microbial community remained visually unchanged and free of cyanobacteria over the experimental time period of 3 months. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA gene sequences allowed a distinction between the variable and permanent fraction of the bacterial community. Comparative sequence analysis of four variable DGGE bands revealed high sequence similarity to representatives of the Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria and the phylum Bacteroidetes, which have been recovered previously from Mediterranean seawater as clone sequences or by cultivation. Seven (out of 12) permanent DGGE bands showed high sequence similarity to a sponge-specific, monophyletic 16S rRNA gene sequence cluster within the Acidobacteria division, and to a sequence cluster of uncertain affiliation. These sequence clusters represent members of a common microbial community that is shared among distantly related sponges from different, non-overlapping geographic regions. Four additional permanent DGGE bands showed high sequence similarity to a Betaproteobacterium, Burkholderia cepacia, which is not typically known as a marine bacterium. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of sponge tissues revealed no changes in metabolite pattern, indicating that these compounds are expressed constitutively irrespective of the variations resulting from the transplantation experiment.
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  • 96
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    Magmatic processes and mantle heterogeneity beneath the slow-spreading northern Kolbeinsey Ridge segment, North Atlantic (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 144 (4). pp. 428-448.
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Description: We present new data on mineralogical, major and trace element compositions of lavas from the northernmost segment of the Kolbeinsey Ridge (North Kolbeinsey Ridge, NKR). The incompatible element enriched North Kolbeinsey basalts lie on a crystal fractionation trend which differs from that of the other Kolbeinsey segments, most likely due to higher water contents (~0.2%) in the NKR basalts. The most evolved NKR magmas erupt close to the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone, implying increased cooling and fractionation of the ascending magmas. Mainly incompatible element-enriched basalts, as well as some slightly depleted lavas, erupt on the NKR. They show evidence for mixing between different mantle sources and magma mixing. North Kolbeinsey Ridge magmas probably formed by similar degrees of melting to other Kolbeinsey basalts, implying that no lateral variation in mantle potential temperature occurs on the spreading axis north of the Iceland plume and that the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone does not have a cooling effect on the mantle. Residual garnet from deep melting in garnet peridotite or from enriched garnet pyroxenite veins does not play a role. The incompatible element-enriched source has high Ba/La and Nb/Zr, but must be depleted in iron. The iron-depleted mantle is less dense than surrounding mantle and leads to the formation of the North Kolbeinsey segment and its shallow bathymetry. The enriched NKR source formed from a relatively refractory mantle, enriched by a small degree melt rather than by recycling of enriched basaltic crust. The depleted mantle source resembles the mantle of the Middle Kolbeinsey segment with a depletion in incompatible elements, but a fertile major element composition.
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  • 97
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    Geochemistry of gas hydrate accumulation offshore NE Sakhalin Island (the Sea of Okhotsk): results from the KOMEX-2002 cruise (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 23 . pp. 278-288.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-22
    Description: Geochemical properties of gas hydrate accumulation associated with an active gas vent on the continental slope offshore northeast Sakhalin Island in the Sea of Okhotsk have been investigated. The pore water chemistry data suggest that the gas hydrates (GHs) were formed in an environment of upward-migrating fluid combined with a mechanism of pore water segregation. The upward infiltration of water enriched mainly by Cl− and K+ species appears to occur on the background of earlier diagenesis processes within the gas vent sediments. The GHs were formed from water with chlorinity ranging from 530 to 570 mM. The δ18O and δD of GH water varied from −1.4 to −1.8‰ and from −13 to −18‰, respectively, representing a mix of seawater and infiltrating fluid water. A complex interaction of pore water, water of ascending fluid and segregated pore water during hydrate formation is also supported by water content measurements and observed gas hydrate structure. The direction of segregated water is opposite to upward fluid migration. Decreasing activity of the gas vent is inferred by comparing the present top of the recovered hydrate layer with previous observations.
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  • 98
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    Ocean-Atmosphere Exchange and Earth-System Biogeochemistry (2003)
    Springer
    In:  In: Marine Science Frontiers for Europe. , ed. by Wefer, G., Lamy, F. and Mantoura, F. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 107-129. ISBN 978-3-540-40168-1
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    Publication Date: 2020-04-07
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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    Metazoan parasites and feeding behaviour of four small-sized fish species from the central North Sea (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Parasitology Research, 91 . pp. 290-297.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: The metazoan parasites and stomach contents of the small-sized demersal fishes Agonus cataphractus, Buglossidium luteum, Callionymus lyra and Rhinonemus cimbrius were studied and analysed. The fishes were captured using various sampling gears at 12 stations in the central North Sea. A total of 16 metazoan parasite species were isolated: six adult Digenea, three larval and adult Cestoda, four larval and adult Nematoda and three larval and adult Crustacea. With nine parasites species each, A. cataphractus and R. cimbrius harboured the highest parasite diversity, while B. luteum and C. lyra hosted only six and five parasite species, respectively. Eighteen new hosts and four new locality records were established. No Myxozoa, Monogenea or Acanthocephala were found. Most of the detected parasites showed a wide geographical range and a low host-specificity. The composition of the parasite fauna differed between the fish species, in accordance with their different feeding behaviours. The diet of bentho-pelagic feeders ( A. cataphractus, R. cimbrius) was more diverse in comparison with the more specialised benthic feeders ( C. lyra, B. luteum). This correlated with the lower diversity of heteroxenic parasites within both small-sized benthic fish species.
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  • 100
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    Quantification of input and compositional variations of calciturbidites in a Middle Triassic pelagic succession (Seceda, Western Dolomites, Southern Alps) (2003)
    Springer
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences, 92 (4). pp. 593-609.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: Triassic calciturbidites were studied in a 100-m long core and nearby outcrops of the basinal Buchenstein Formation to determine composition and thickness variations. The quantity of recognized turbidite sediment relative to background sediment changes from 15% (by volume) in the lower part to 60% in the upper part, reflecting the steady progradation of nearby platforms. The composition of the sand fraction of 214 turbidites was point-counted in thin sections. Micrite peloids (average 23%) and lithoclasts (16%) are by far the most dominant constituents. They are interpreted as two different varieties of in-situ precipitated micrite (automicrite), which probably formed under the influence of microbes and constitute the principal building material of the adjacent platforms. Platform-derived skeletal grains amount to only 0.5%. Variations in turbidite composition were quantified using Spearman's rank correlation and cluster analysis. The most significant compositional variations seem to be related to hydrodynamic sorting in the turbidity currents and to the gradual shift from distal to more proximal turbidites in the core as the platforms prograded basinward. Cluster analysis of the 214 samples shows a major subdivision into micrite and sparite dominated turbidites. Clusters associated with micrite-dominated turbidites are enriched in Radiolaria and thin-shelled bivalves, whereas the clusters related to sparite-dominated turbidites show an abundance of lithoclasts. This subdivision seems strongly related to sorting effects in a turbidity current. Point-counting of turbidites in nearby outcrops revealed a lateral variation in composition. Proximal turbidites are sparite-dominated and enriched in lithoclasts, distal portions are chiefly micrite with an open-ocean biota (thin-shelled bivalves, Radiolaria). This differentiation resembles the vertical change in composition of thick turbidite beds, and is attributed to different settling rates of the various grains in the turbidity current. There is no indication that turbidite composition fluctuated significantly under the influence of sea-level fluctuations. This is not surprising because the dominant automicrite facies of the platforms only migrates laterally, but does not change much during sea-level cycles.
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