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  • Articles  (835,942)
  • 1965-1969  (590,740)
  • 1940-1944  (107,844)
  • 1930-1934
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  • 1
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    Figure 13-3 of Pratt (1967) (1967)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-18
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 2
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    Figures of: Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope of the United States - Physiography and Sediments of the Deep-Sea Basin (1968)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    In:  EPIC3Reston, U.S. Geological Survey
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-30
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 3
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    Descriptive Report to accompany Special Project AMC-11-67, USC&GSS Discoverer, Oct. 3-18, 1967 (1967)
    U.S. Department of Commerce
    In:  EPIC3Washington, U.S. Department of Commerce
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-23
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 4
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    Figures of: The Mineral Resources of the Sea (1965)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Amsterdam, Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-25
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 5
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    Visual observations of manganese deposits on the Blake Plateau (1969)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-27
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 6
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    GOS 74 Expedition, Sample Log, R/V Gosnold, (Unpublished) (1965)
    USGS
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, USGS
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 7
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    Cruise Report - R/V GOSNOLD #74 (1965)
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    A microscopic and electron probe investigation of manganese nodules from the northwest Indian Ocean (figures) (1968)
    DSR
    In:  EPIC3Elsevier, DSR
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 9
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    Deutsche Antarktische Expedition 1938/39 - Wissenschaftliche und fliegerische Ergebnisse, Erster Band - Textteil + Bilder- und Kartenteil (1942)
    Koehler & Amelang
    In:  EPIC3Leipzig, Koehler & Amelang
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    JOIDES - Blake Panel Report. Cruise Report and Preliminary Core Log. M/V Caldrill I, 17 April to 17 May 1975 (1965)
    National Science Foundation
    In:  EPIC3Washington D.C., National Science Foundation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-18
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Bryophytes collected during a Dutch botanical East Greenland expedition to the Angmagsslalik area in 1966 (1968)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.304 (1968) nr.1 p.340
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: From a bryological point of view Greenland is not well known in detail. Unlike Siberia or Arctic America, it is not known through a few large collections, but through multitudes of mostly relatively small gatherings. In this arctic island that is almost 2000 miles long and extends from below 60° N.lat. to nearly 84° N.lat., travel and logistics are difficult. Consequently no over-all study of the whole island has been made, although many collections have been achieved through casual or intensive studies of small areas. Like the other contributions to the knowledge of the bryoflora of Greenland this paper will only deal with a rather limited area; the Angmagssalik district on the East coast of Greenland, ranging from 65° N.lat. to 67°20' N.lat. In 1887 Lange and Jensen published the first and until now the only comprehensive review of specimens and publications on the Musci of Greenland. In their paper the first moss collection from the Angmagssalik area was reported, made in 1884-1885 in the course of ethnographical studies by Gustav Holm (Sphagnum girgensohnii and Polytrichum juniperinum), the first European to visit this part of East Greenland.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 12
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    The genus Praravinia Korth. (Rubiaceae) in Borneo and Celebes (1940)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.78 (1940) nr.1 p.237
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The genus Praravinia was created by KORTHALS (in TEMMINCK, Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Overz. Bezitt., Bot., p. 189, tab. 41, 1839-1842) for a plant which he had collected in the south-eastern part of Borneo. He described it as similar in habit and doubtless nearly related to Urophyllum WALL. His diagnosis of the genus, however, does not substantiate this point of view, for it contains two statements which seem to exclude the possibility of a near affinity: the aestivation of the corolla lobes is described as imbricate, whereas in Urophyllum and its allies it is always valvate, and the number of corolla lobes is said to be half as large as that of the stamens, a condition unknown not only in Urophyllum but in the whole family. As in the description of the species the aestivation is correctly set down as valvate, the first statement need not trouble us: the word “imbricate” in the generic diagnosis is obviously a slip of the pen. The other statement, however, is repeated in the description of the species, but it strikes one as anomalous that immediately afterwards the 8—12 stamens are said to alternate with the corolla lobes, as this of course would be impossible when the latter were but half as numerous as the first. The discrepancy between the number of the corolla lobes and of the stamens led MIQUEL in his “Flora Indiae Batavae II, p. 225 (1857)” to consider Praravinia as a quite singular genus, rather out of place in the family Rubiaceae: it reminded him, he says, of the Samydeae (Flacourtiaceae). When he wrote this, he knew the genus merely from the description given by KORTHALS, but afterwards he found an opportunity to study the latter’s material. In his “De quibusdam Rubiaceis, Apocyneis et Asclepiadeis” (Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. IV, p. 136, 1869) he proposes, as a result of this investigation, to exclude the genus from the Rubiaceae, and to raise it to family rank. The new family, for which he introduces the name Metrocladeaceae, should be regarded, however, as nearly related to the Rubiaceae. The description of the genus given by MIQUEL is much more detailed than the original one, but it unfortunately repeats its principal errors: the corolla is described as 4- to 6-merous, and its aestivation as imbricate. The male flower dissected by him is preserved in the Utrecht Herbarium; it is a fairly young bud, opened by a longitudinal slit. The corolla lobes had apparently been separated by a slight pressure, but I at once got the impression that it had been insufficient to effect a complete separation, and that the lobes were still cohering in pairs. I have boiled the flower therefore once more, and by exercising in my turn a slight pressure I succeeded in setting all the lobes free. Since then I have seen mature flowers of this and other species in which the isomery of corolla and androecium was unmistakable. MIQUEL’s speculations on the taxonomic position of the genus were based therefore on a false supposition, and need no further consideration; the analysis carried out below will show that KORTHALS was quite right when he placed Praravinia in the neighbourhood of Urophyllum.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 13
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    Taxonomy and pollen morphology of the Caltha leptosepala complex (1969)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.312 (1969) nr.1 p.16
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Contrary to Europe, with only one Caltha species, North America has at least three species of this genus. These are the polymorphic C. palustris L., also widely distributed in Europe, the floating aquatic C. natans Pall, and the polymorphic C. leptosepala-biflora group. Two previous papers (Smit 1967, 1968) dealt with taxonomic aspects of C. palustris, that in North America were not essentially different from those of European material.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 14
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    Notes on the Rubiaceae of Surinam (1934)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.11 (1934) nr.1 p.248
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: In my revision of the Rubiaceae in Pulle’s Flora of Surinam two genera, viz. Pagamea and Perama, which are now usually included in this family, are relegated to an appendix. On account of its superior ovary Pagamea was formerly reckoned to the Loganiaceae, from where it was referred to the Rubiaceae by Baillon and K. Schumann, who were of opinion that its solitary ascending ovules, and the valvate aestivation of the corolla lobes assigned it a place among the Psychotrieae. I think however that they overestimated the value of these characters, which are of a rather general nature, and that Pagamea both in the structure of its inflorescence and in that of its flowers shows so little resemblance to the Psychotrieae that it is impossible to include it in this group. In my opinion its removal from the Loganiaceae was not justified.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 15
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    Chromosome numbers of some Angiospermae collected in Cameroun and the Ivory Coast (1969)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.313 (1969) nr.1 p.306
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The chromosome numbers of 16 species of Angiosperms, collected in Cameroun and the Ivory Coast, were determined. The numbers given for 14 species are new, in the remaining species the results of other authors could be confirmed.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 16
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    The genus Jussieua L. (Oenotheraceae) in Suriname (1942)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.83 (1942) nr.1 p.147
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Of the family Oenotheraceae the genus Jussieua is the only one occurring in Suriname. The peculiar Oocarpon torulosum (Arn.) Urb., which has been recorded from Amazonian Peru, Brazil, British and French Guiana, Cuba and Santo Domingo, has up till now not been collected in the colony, but on account of its presence in the neighbouring countries it is there also to be expected. As for the name of the only Suriname genus, it was spelled by LINNAEUS in Genera Plantarum, ed. I (1737), p. 126, Jussieua but afterwards in his Flora Zeylanica (1747), p. 75, changed in Jussiaea.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 17
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    Resultate von untersuchungen an einigen Niederländischen mooren (1932)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.1 (1932) nr.1 p.1
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Der Zweck dieser Untersuchungen war an erster Stelle die Tatsachen zu vermehren, in denen sich die postglaziale Waldgeschichte in den Niederlanden allmählig widerspiegeln wird. Demnach haben wir unsre Aufmerksamkeit besonders den Baumpollenkörnern gewidmet, ohne jedoch die anderen Fossilien zu vernachlässigen. Allgemeine Schlüsse aus den jetzt vorliegenden Ergebnissen zu ziehen, wäre prämatur. Vergrösserung des Tatsachenmaterials ist vor allem notwendig. Wir hoffen auch weiter daran mitarbeiten zu können.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 18
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    Neue und kritische Convolvulaceae aus Peru (1933)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.7 (1933) nr.1 p.30
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Beim Studium einer Anzahl in Peru gesammelter Convolvulaceen, welche die Direktionen des Botanischen Gartens und Museums in Berlin—Dahlem und des Field Museums in Chicago mir freundlichst zur Bearbeitung überliessen, fanden sich einige neue Arten, deren Beschreibung ich hier nebst kritischen Bemerkungen folgen lasse.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 19
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    A monograph of the genus Pleiocarpidia K. Sch. (Rubiaceae) (1940)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.77 (1940) nr.1 p.198
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The name Pleiocarpidia was coined by K. SCHUMANN (ENGLER und PRANTL, Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien, Nachträge I, p. 314, 1897) for a genus described in 1873 by HOOKER f. (BENTHAM et HOOKER, Genera Plantarum II (1), p. 71) as Aulacodiscus: HOOKER’S genus had to be rebaptized, because the name Aulacodiscus had been used already in 1844 by EHRENBERG for a genus belonging to the Diatomeae. A proposal made by O. KUNTZE(POST et KUNTZE, Lexicon, 1904) to change the spelling of the name introduced by SCHUMANN in Pliocarpidia can not be accepted, as there is no rule prescribing the transcription of the Greek diphthong in the manner advocated by the proposer. The plant on which HOOKER’S genus was founded, a small tree not uncommon in the Malay Peninsula, had been described already several years before by WIGHT (Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. VII, p. 144, 1847) under the name Axanthes enneandra. The specific epithet points to the presence of nine stamens in the flower, but this is exceptional: in the flowers investigated by me the ordinary number proved to be seven. The genus Axanthes Bl., to which the species had been referred by WIGHT, was reduced shortly afterwards by BENTHAM and HOOKER f. (Niger Flora,p. 396,1849) and independently by KORTHALS (Ned. Kruidk. Arch. II, 2, p. 194,1851) to Urophyllum Wall. Later HOOKER made an exception for Axanthes enneandra Wight. The flowers of this plant were described by him as 8- to 16-merous, and on account of this character and of the presence of a “peltate stigma” he referred it to a new genus. Afterwards a second species from the same region was described by KING and GAMBLE under the name Aulacodiscus Maingayi, but this proved identical with the first (cf. RIDLEY, Flora of the Malay Peninsula II, p. 64, 1923). A really new species, however, was found in Mindanao: it was described by Merrill as Pleiocarpidia lanaensis.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 20
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    Chromosome numbers of flowering plants in the Netherlands II (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.268 (1966) nr.1 p.541
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The chromosome number of 157 species of Angiospermae occurring in the Netherlands is dealt with.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 21
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    Distribution maps of Pacific plants (1966)
    In:  Pacific Plant Areas (0373-4293) vol.2 (1966) nr.1 p.53
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-18
    Description: Name: Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) DC. Monogr. Camp. (1830) 143. Family: Campanulaceae.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 22
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    Bibliography of Pacific and Malesian plant maps of Phanerogams. First Supplement (1966)
    In:  Pacific Plant Areas (0373-4293) vol.2 (1966) nr.1 p.7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-18
    Description: Alangium LAMK.—M. M. J. van Balgooy, Pac. Plant Areas 2: map 72. Complete; Old World, also incl. Indo-Malesia, E. Australia, Pacific (Solomons, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji); delineated except in Africa and Madagascar, localities indicated only in the Pacific, species density; monograph.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 23
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    Sciaphyllum, Genus Novum Acanthacearum (1942)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.80 (1942) nr.1 p.293
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Among the Acanthaceae grown in the glasshouses of the University Botanic Garden, Utrecht, a plant labelled Aphelandra velutina drew my attention, first, because it obviously belonged to an entirely different genus, and secondly, because a description under this name could nowhere be found. The coincidence of these two grounds for bewilderment might be explained by assuming that Aphelandra was merely a perversion, probably caused by the inadvertency of a transcriber, of the true generic name. This sounded plausible enough, but the name itself could not be found, for all attempts to refer the plant to one of the existing genera failed. It looked as if the plant might have been described somewhere, but for the time being there was no indication at all as to the whereabouts of this description. A clue to the origin of the name was obtained some time afterwards when I found in the Utrecht herbarium a specimen belonging to the same species which was labelled Eranthemum velutinum: the specific epithet, therefore, was the same, but the generic name was different and, as I will show presently, nearer to the mark. The specimen, which dated from 1922, had been collected by the roadside in the Buitenzorg suburb Kotta Paris, and had apparently been named by an official of the Buitenzorg Botanic Gardens. It is, however, certainly no native Javanese plant, for the flora of Java, and particularly that of Buitenzorg, is well known, and a rather conspicuous plant like this one could not have escaped the attention: it was obviously a runaway from one of the neighbouring gardens.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 24
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    Palaeobotany of the Mesophytic III. Plant microfossils from the Upper Bunter of Hengelo, The Netherlands (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.262 (1966) nr.2 p.316
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The Upper Hunter palynological assemblage described includes 54 species, assigned to 29 genera. Seven genera (Scabratisporites, Guttatisporites, Lapposisporites, Pseudogravisporites, Paralundbladispora, Taeniaepollenites and Tubantiapollenites) and 39 species are new; three generic descriptions are emended (Apiculatasporites, Colpectopollis and Angustisulcites) and three new combinations are proposed. Bisaccate pollen grains average 84 %; within this group no Upper Permian elements could be demonstrated. The assemblage is compared with other European Lower and Middle Triassic assemblages; there are no close similarities to assemblages outside Europe.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 25
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    A palynological study in Geonomoid palms (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.257 (1966) nr.1 p.266
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: In a previous palynological study in Cocoid palms the present authors (Punt and Wessels Boer, 1966) were able to demonstrate a rather strong but not absolute correlation between the pollen types and the staminate flower types within the genus Attalea in the broad sense. The existence of partly apparently primitive, partly very advanced flower types within the otherwise close related group of Geonomoid palms made it worthwhile to investigate the same feature in this group. The Geonomoid palms are usually considered to comprise 7-9 genera of monoecious Arecoid palms which share a large number of characteristics (Burret, 1930; Moore, 1966). The group is very obviously a most natural one. The generic distinctions are mainly based on the flower morphology, notably on differences found in the androeceum and pistil.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 26
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    Chromosome numbers and seedling morphology of some Angiospermae collected in Brazil (1969)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.316 (1969) nr.1 p.74
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The chromosome numbers of 31 species of Angiospermae collected in S. Brazil were determined. Of these species 5 were studied before, the other numbers are new, 11 are first counts for genera and one even for a family. Some notes on the cytology and morphology are added.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 27
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    Un nouvel herbier de Fusée Aublet découvert en France (1940)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.75 (1940) nr.1 p.133
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: JEAN BAPTISTE CHRISTOPHE FUSÉE AUBLET est né à Salon (Provence) le 4 nov. 1720 et mort à Paris le 6 mai 1778. Dès son enfance il se passionna pour l’étude des plantes. Il alla étudier la botanique à Montpellier. De Montpellier il se rendit à Lyon, où il fit la connaissance de CHRISTOPHE DE JUSSIEU et il s’engagea dans le service des hôpitaux de l’armée commandée par l’infant DON PHILIPPE. Dégoûté bientôt de la vie des camps, il prit son congé, et vint à Paris. Là il se logea dans la maison du chimiste VANEL, suivait les cours de chimie de ROUELLE, visitait les environs de Paris en naturaliste et consultait BERNARD DE JUSSIEU comme une bibliothèque, pour nous servir de son expression. Ensuite il s’engagea au service de l’état et fut chargé d’établir à l’île-de-France (Mauritius) une pharmacie centrale et un jardin de botanique. Il s’embarqua en décembre 1752 et arriva vers la fin du mois d’août suivant. Il y fit un séjour de neuf ans, pendant lequel il envoya maintes fois des collections de plantes, de minéraux et d’animaux à la patrie. A peine de retour en France, il reçut l’ordre de s’embarquer à Bordeaux pour la Guyane. Il mit à la voile le 20 mai 1762, et mouilla l’ancre le 23 juillet à l’île de Cayenne. Le 24 sept. 1764 AUBLET prit un moment la direction de l’établissement colonial du môle Saint-Nicolas à Saint Domingue; et au commencement de l’année suivante il revint en France. C’est à Paris qu’il profita des conseils de BERNARD DE JUSSIEU pour mettre en ordre ses collections de plantes et pour rédiger l’important ouvrage, qui a pour titre: Histoire des plantes de la Guiane françoise, Londres et Paris, 1775, 4 vol. in 4°, dont deux de planches. Ces notices biographiques ont été empruntées à la Nouvelle Biographie Universelle, vol. III, Paris, 1852 et à l’introduction précédant son livre et écrite par AUBLET lui-même.
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  • 28
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    Pollen morphology of some European Rosaceae (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.260 (1966) nr.1 p.290
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: In this preliminary investigation attention was paid to pollen morphology of West-European species of the Rosaceae. Some new terms were used like fastigium, endocingulus etc. The terminology of Iversen and Troels-Smith has been followed in addition to improvements by Erdtman. A key is given to the types and subtypes for the use of pollen analytical investigators. Sanguisorba officinalis appeared to be always 3-colporate and not 6-colporate.
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  • 29
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    Middle Triassic pollen and spores from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk (The Netherlands) (1968)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.307 (1968) nr.1 p.161
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: A palynological assemblage obtained from marly limestones of the Dutch Lower Muschelkalk is discussed. A qualitative analysis has disclosed its great resemblance to Upper Bunter (Röt) assemblages ; however, differences in quantitative composition were demonstrated. Utilizing palynological data new information can be added to the knowledge of the European Middle Triassic flora.
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  • 30
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    Phytogeographical relations in the North West European heath (1967)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.252 (1967) nr.1 p.630
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The water economy, the mineral content of the soil, and human influence are the principal ecological factors governing the variation of the heath vegetation of a limited region. Sloping of the surface is also an important factor. In hilly country it is of a twofold nature: on the one hand the difference between high and low altitudes, based on the water economy, on the other hand differences in (micro-) climate. If the hills are higher, this results in greater climatic differences. In extremely oceanic and in boreal regions a rise in altitude of 100 m is sufficient for creating a noticeable decrease in temperature and an increase in precipitation, aerial moisture, and wind force. This results in the occurrence on the hills of heath communities that have their main distribution more to the North. The same observation was made by Gimingham (1961). On Slieve League on the Donegal coast (Ireland) Salix herbacea and Lycopodium selago occur in the heath at an altitude of 600 m, near Tongue on the Scottish north coast Dryas octopetala, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Alchemilla alpina and Thalictrum alpinum at an altitude of 60 m. West of Apeldoorn in the Netherlands are found extensive stretches of heath with abundant Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea at an elevation of 60-80 m, even on south-facing slopes. This is an area with high precipitation due to ascending air west of the hill ridge of the Eastern-Veluwe. Here the Vacciniums, elsewhere requiring the protection of the forest, can tolerate the habitat of the open heath (Stoutjesdijk, 1959; De Smidt, 1966). Higher elevation combined with north-facing slopes creates extreme conditions e.g. on Roc Trévézel (300—360 m) in Brittany, with Vaccinium myrtillus, Melampyrum pratense, Hymenophyllum wilsonii and Rhytidiadelphus loreus. These species are virtually lacking in the surrounding plains where the heath consists of such South Atlantic species as Erica cinerea, E. ciliaris, Ulex gallii, Lobelia urens, Lithospermum prostratum and Symethis planifolia.
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  • 31
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    Three new species and a new subspecies of Marcgravia and Souroubea (Marcgraviaceae) from Central America (1969)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.320 (1969) nr.1 p.197
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Frutex epiphyticus, ramis quadrangularibus, angulis lenticellatis. Folia ramorum fertilium petiolis 2-5 mm longis, 1.5-2 mm latis; lamina chartacea vel subcoriacea, oblanceolato-oblonga vel interdum elliptico-oblonga, 9-14 cm longa, 3-4.5 cm lata, ápice acuminata, acumen 1-2 cm longum, basi attenuata, costa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra et subtus prominentibus vel prominulis, glandulis hypophyllis aliquot patelliformibus vel foveolatis, parvis, 3-5 in folii parte inferiore oblique seriatis, aliis minutis, punctiformibus, nigricantibus, aequaliter dispersis. Flores in racemis umbelliformibus (20-) 30-45-floris; rhachis ad circa 1 cm longa; nectaria clavato-cucullata, stipitata, stipes 5-8 mm longus, cucullus 1-1.5 cm longus, circa 4-5 mm diametro, ore late-rotundata, margine plerumque recurvo, apiculata; pedicelli 5-7 cm longi, lenticellati; bracteolae sepaloideae, circa 1 mm longae, 2-3 mm latae; sepala suborbicularia vel reniformia, circa 2-3 mm longa, circa 4-5 mm lata, margine glandulosa; corolla oblongo-subconoidea, circa 1 cm longa, circa 4-5 mm diametro; stamina 18-33, filamentis applanatis, liberis, inaequalibus, in alabastro 4-6 mm longis, antheris linearibus, 3-5 mm longis, circa 1 mm latis, basi subsagittatis; ovarium circa 2-3 mm diametro, 6-11-loculare. Fructus globosus, circa 9 mm diametro, stylo persistenti ornatus. Typus : Costa Rica, vicinity of Vara Blanca, North slope of Central Cordillera, between Poás and Barba Volcanoes, alt. 1700 m, April 1938, Skutch 3762 (holotype US; isotypes GH, MO, NY, S). Paratypes; Costa Rica: Heredia: Cerro de las Caricias, North of San Isidro. Standley & Valerio 52202, 52248,52375 (US); Panama:Chiriquí: Boquetedistrict, Bajo Chorro, Davidson 398 (GH, US).
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  • 32
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    The Marine Algal vegetation of St. Martin, St. Eustatius and Saba (1968)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.308 (1968) nr.1 p.1
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    Description: Although algology deals with a large group of plants, widespread and of a great morphological diversity, the history of this branch of botany is fairly young. Linnaeus (1753) listed in his Species Plantarum under the heading “Cryptogamia—Algae” only five genera of plants which are still accepted as algae at the present time. Under the same heading he also described a number of liverworts, lichens and sponges and a few other things.
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  • 33
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    Joseph Gaertner and his Carpologia (1969)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.321 (1969) nr.1 p.216
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    Description: Joseph Gaertner (1732-1791) was the first to develop a carpological taxonomy in his book De fructibus et seminibus plantarum (1788-1791). The scope and background of this work are discussed; its history is sketched on the basis of the Banks correspondence at the British Museum; the main sources of material are listed. A brief outline of Gaertner’s life is given, also mainly based on letters from him and his contemporaries to Joseph Banks.
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  • 34
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    Some cytological observations in the Loganiaceae III (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.264 (1966) nr.1 p.490
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    Description: Previously, the chromosome numbers of some species of Loganiaceae were dealt with (Gadella, 1961, 1962, 1963). The chromosome numbers of 7 species are reported in this paper, of which 4 species, all belonging to the genus Strychnos, had not been investigated cytologically before. The materials, kindly supplied to me by Dr. A. J. M. Leeuwenberg and by Ir. F. Breteler, were collected in the form of seed-samples in the Ivory Coast and in Cameroun. The plants of 2 species originate from botanical gardens. Living material of all species (except for Strychnos lernata Gilg. ex Lwb.) is grown in the botanical garden of Wageningen (WAG). The determination of the chromosome numbers was based on the study of roottipmitoses. Roottips of the plants were fixed in Karpechenko, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 15 micron and stained according to Heidenhain’s haematoxylin method. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Nuxia floribunda Benth.: 2n = 38 Origin of the material: S. Africa, obtained from the University of Stellenbosch. Seeds probably collected in the wild. Herbarium material of the mother-plant: J. J. Bos, no. 310 (WAG). Herbarium material of seedling: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg no. 3665 (WAG). References: Gadella (1963): 2n = 38. 2. Strychnos dinklagei Gilg.: 2n = 44 Origin of the material: Ivory Coast, Forêt d’Abouabou, between Abidjan and Grand Bassam. Herbarium material of the mother-plant: R. A. A. Oldeman no. 845 (WAG). Herbarium material of the seedling: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg no. 3561 (WAG). References: Gadella (1963); 2n = 44. 3. Strychnos innocua Del. subsp. innocua: 2n = 44 Origin of the material: Ivory Coast, 16 km S. of Ferkéssédougou. Herbarium material of the mother-plant: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg no. 4435 (ABI, WAG). 4. Strychnos millepunctata Leeuwenberg: 2n= 441) Origin of the material: Ivory Coast, Forêt d’Abouabou, between Abidjan and Grand Bassam. Herbarium material of the mother-plant: J. J. F. E. de Wilde & A. J. M. Leeuwenberg no. 3447 (ABI, WAG). 5. Strychnos samba Duvign.: 2n = 44 Origin of the material: Cameroun, 4 km S. of Nguélémendouka. Herbarium material of the mother-plant: F. J. Breteler no. 2051 (WAG). 6. Strychnos spinosa Lam.: 2n = 44 Origin of the material: obtained from the botanical garden of Groningen, the Netherlands, origin unknown. Herbarium material of cutting: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg no. 3564 (WAG). References: Mangenot and Mangenot (1958): 2n = 44. Miège (1960): 2n = 44. Gadella (1962): 2n = 44. 7. Strychnos ternata Gilg. ex Leeuwenberg: 2n = 44 1) Origin of the material: Cameroun, 27 km from Bertoua on road to Bétaré Oya. Herbarium material of the mother-plant: F. J. Breteler no. 2196 (WAG). Herbarium material of the seedling: F. J. Breteler no. 2994 (WAG). Twenty-one species of the genus Strychnos have been studied up to the present. The following chromosome numbers have been counted: 2n = 24 (3 species, counted by Mohrbutter, 1936); 2n = 44 (16 species); 2n = 88 (2 species). From these data the conclusion may be drawn that the more common basic number of the genus Strychnos is X = 11 or 1 = 22.
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  • 35
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    A reassessment of the Cyphellaceae (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.231 (1966) nr.1 p.95
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: A suitable subtitle for this paper would have been “The rise and fall of a family”. What is usually called the Cyphellaceae is an instructive example of a situation not uncommonly encountered in the current systematics of mycology: a family retained in a traditional sense by some mycologists and considered by them as good a family as any, while others are convinced that it is nothing but a handy bin from which part of the contents has already been taken out and disposed of by scattering it over various groups, but which is still needed for keeping what remains. We do not yet know what to do with this considerable remainder, mainly because the published accounts are inadequate and the species have not yet been scrutinized anew in the light of present-day taxonomic requirements. In order to understand the basic idea of the Cyphellaceae the type species may be briefly introduced. The fact that Cyphella digitalis was originally described as Peziza digitalis is telling, and one could not do better than characterize it as a ‘discomycete’ with basidia, viz. a cup-shaped fruit-body with the hymenium lining the smooth inside or ‘disk’. If one were pressed to form an opinion about its taxonomic position from a dried, not annotated collection and without the aid of the microscope, one would even now, very likely, dispose of it as a discomycete. However, there is little doubt that in nature the cup is directed downward at least when mature, in contradistinction to the average discomycete in which the hymenium containing the asci is directed upward. This difference is a reflection of the two modes of violent spore discharge inherent in the hymenomycetous basidium and ascus; it has been explained through Buller’s well-known researches. The cups in the various species are not always typically cup-shaped; in a number they are more or less tubular or else more flattened and even disk-like.
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  • 36
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    La nomenclature au service de la Botanique Systématique (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.223 (1966) nr.1 p.36
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    Description: La systématique scientifique, qui classe tous les êtres vivants, actuels et fossiles, d’après leurs affinités naturelles ou présumées telles, doit pouvoir donner à chaque taxon un nom stable, permettant de le désigner avec son rang taxonomique et de l’identifier facilement. La nomenclature botanique n’échappe pas à cette exigence et depuis que C. Linné généralisa, en 1753, la nomenclature binominale, le besoin s’est fait sentir de compléter et de préciser, sur le plan international, les principes et les règles établis par l’illustre botaniste suédois.
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  • 37
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    Two questions about mass selection in Connecticut Shade Tobacco (1967)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.242 (1967) nr.1 p.512
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: From the general discussion of the effect of mass selection on the genotypic array of the next generation we have seen that under certain conditions mass selection can lead to homozygosity, but does not do so necessarily. Outcrossing, mutations and disadvantages of certain genotypes may prevent reaching equilibrium condition with complete homozygosity even in the simplest case of one locus with two alleles. It depends on the magnitude of these factors and the degree of heterozygosity of the variety how close to genetic uniformity we ultimately can come. The advancing of one generation has only a small effect, which becomes less as the frequency of one of the genotypes becomes less. Mass selection can reduce segregation in a variety, but only in ideal situations and only in small steps. Obviously the most effective way to promote genetic uniformity is to begin with non-segregating material obtained through careful inbreeding and within-family selection. Then, if this is available, mass selection is hardly necessary and seed collection should be done so as to prevent a return to a heterozygous condition. When only segregating populations are available, some changes can be expected if the selection intensity is low, but they will not be great and may not be noticed until after several generations. Returning to the original question of the stability of the tobacco variety, the conclusion can be drawn that when large numbers of plants from a field are selected as seedplants the changes in the next generation as a whole will be small, regardless of the selection procedure used. When 10-30 % of all plants are allowed to produce seed we cannot expect important changes. Also, when the environmental variations are as great as in shade tobacco, the possibilities of selecting against certain genotypes for a number of characteristics simultaneously becomes virtually impossible. Concerning whether or not mass selection can lead to improvements in the variety, it was explained that the selection intensity and the heritability of a character determine the selection response. Perhaps this response can be predicted in the case of one character, but it becomes difficult, if not impossible, to forecast the results when many characters are involved at the same time. Reference was also made to a selection index which has been effective in livestock breeding. Even if an index could be determined for shade tobacco, its use is not necessarily effective, as Kempthorne (1957) pointed out. The genotype-environment interaction makes questionable the choice of certain fields over others. Without experiments, such questions cannot be answered. It is likely that mass selection with low selection pressure changes a variety very little. Again, in a field where up to 30 % of the plants are selected for seed, the pressure cannot be very great and we should not expect great changes. Only when a few plants are carefully selected for certain characters should progress become noticeable, as is the experience of single plant selection in plant breeding. We conclude that mass selection for seed and plant breeding to improve a variety should not be confused with each other. Each has its own aims and methods, which are not interchangeable. Where uncertainty exists about seed, progeny tests usually are made to compare a seed with the parent seed. Bolsunov (1959) has described a number of such procedures for tobacco, though the more elaborate of them appear impractical.
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  • 38
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    Cyperaceae surinamenses novae vel criticae (1933)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.6 (1933) nr.1 p.23
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Cyperus ruderalis Uitt. nov. spec. Annuus, viridis, culmis caespitosis, complanatis, raro trigonis, striatis, apicem versus modice setulosis, 6—10 cm longis, 1—1,5 mm latis, basi 0—2-foliatis. Foliis culmo multo brevioribus vel subaequilongis, 1,5—2,5 mm latis. Umbella simplex vel interdum mediocriter composita, 4—11-radiata, radiis 2,5 (0—3) cm longis, involucri foliis quattuor, uno usque ad 7 cm longo, secundo umbellam superante, tertio subaequante, quarto multo minore. Spiculis 2—3 mm, fructiferis usque ad 5 mm longis, 1,5 vel basi 2 mm latis, turgidis, densissime 10—30-fasciculatis, involucelli foliis squamiformibus ovatis vel oblongis, concavis, subcarinatis, carina setulosa, obtusis vel acutis, multinerviis, margine membranaceis, spiculis aequilongis. Rhachilla lata, flaccida, foveolata, exalata. Glumae dense imbricatae, patentes, late triangulares vel circulares, apice rotundatae, obtusissimae, nervo vix dorso excurrente, concavae, hand carinatae, virides, margine pellucidae, sub-3-nerviae, 1 mm longae. Stamen unicum, anthera oblonga, obtuse mucronata. Nux obovato-ellipsoidea, trigona, mucronata dimidio glumae aequilonga. Stylus nuce aequilongus ramis tribus e gluma exsertis.
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  • 39
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    J. Lanjouw en het Utrechtse Botanisch Museum 1926-1966 (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.220 (1966) nr.1 p.5
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    Description: Eén van de grote giften van A. A. Pulle, Lanjouw’s voorganger als Hoogleraar in de Bijzondere Plantkunde en de Plantengeographie te Utrecht, was zijn goede keus van medewerkers. Hij kon die keus maken dank zij een andere gift, die van leermeester. Pulle’s stimulerende activiteit als hoogleraar luidde de wedergeboorte in van de Nederlandse plantensystematiek door een stroom van leerlingen waarvan er velen ook nu nog een belangrijke rol spelen in de botanische wereld. Vele van Pulle’s leerlingen uit de eerste tijd moesten Utrecht verlaten omdat er in de twintiger jaren nu eenmaal nog geen sprake was van een redelijk gesalariëerde wetenschappelijke staf. Eén leerling echter werd zo gefascineerd door de vele mogelijkheden die het Utrechtse instituut bood, dat hij bleef, niettegenstaande de soms zeer ongunstige economische en organisatorische omstandigheden. Deze leerling, Lanjouw, toonde reeds toen de taaie volhardendheid die zijn medewerkers en leerlingen in later jaren zo goed leerden kennen en waarderen. Reeds van de eerste jaren van zijn assistentschap aan stonden Lanjouw de idealen voor ogen die hij in de loop van zijn lange loopbaan van assistent tot directeur voor het grootste gedeelte zou weten te realiseren. Deze loopbaan begon toen hij op 1 januari 1926 benoemd werd tot assistent bij de Bijzondere Plantkunde. In het jaar waarin we het feit herdenken dat het veertig jaar geleden is dat Lanjouw verbonden werd aan het Botanisch Museum valt ook de honderdenvijftigste verjaardag van het herbarium. Plantensystematiek is te Utrecht in meerdere of mindere mate beoefend van de stichting van de Universiteit af. Op 30 oktober 1816 echter werd het eerste herbarium voor de Universiteit verworven. In 1966 herdenken we dus eigenlijk twee jubilea. De periode van werkelijk actief systematisch onderzoek is echter veel korter geweest: de korte jaren van Miquel’s werkzaamheid (1859-1871) en de periode die in 1906 begon met de aanstelling van Pulle tot Lector in de plantensystematiek. Pulle gaf, voor het eerst na Miquel, en mede dank zij de stimulerende invloed van Went, een nieuwe stoot aan het plantensystematisch onderzoek in Nederland en wel vooral aan het onderzoek van de tropische flora’s. Een reeks van leerlingen wijdde zich onder zijn leiding aan de studie van de flora’s van Suriname en Nederlands Indië. Het is voldoende hierbij de namen van van Sloten, Lam, van Steenis, en Uittien te noemen om deze ontwikkeling te illustreren. Lanjouw koos voor zijn proefschrift de Surinaamse Euphorbiaceae en het was uit dit werk dat de „Flora of Suriname” voortkwam. Zonder ook maar iets tekort te doen aan de rol van Pulle kan gezegd worden dat van het begin van zijn loopbaan af Lanjouw actief heeft medegewerkt aan de opbouw van het Botanisch Museum en dat hij bij de ontwikkeling van de zo belangrijke „Flora of Suriname” een doorslaggevende rol heeft gespeeld. Zijn dissertatie „The Euphorbiaceae of Suriname” vormde, ten dele, tegelijk de eerste aflevering van de Flora.
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  • 40
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    Bistella Adans. versus Vahlia Thunb. (Vahliaceae) (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.229 (1966) nr.1 p.84
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The somewhat peculiar genus Vahlia Thunb. (1782) was formerly regarded as an anomalous member of the Saxifragaceae, but in 1959 it was segregated as the monotypic family Vahliaceae by Dandy (in Hutchinson, Fam. Fl. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 461). The genus includes about three species, all of them highly variable in stature, flower size, and indumentum; this has resulted in the description of more than twenty “species”, whose names now appear in synonymy. This note, however, is chiefly concerned with the generic name, since it appears that Vahlia Thunb. is not correct under the Code and must be replaced by Bistella Adans. (1763). In the synonymy under the new combinations, all the relevant names so far traced are included, but it may well be that an experimental approach to the problem of specific and infraspecific limits and the taxonomic value of the characters hitherto relied upon for differentiation would result in considerable changes. Bistella Adans. (1763) was cited in the form “ Bistella Lippi 243 – Ascyroides Lippi” and the name than fell into abeyance until it was resuscitated by Delile in 1826. He described plants collected by Cailliaud, and identified a number of them with those of Lippi. In particular, he identified Lippi 243 (and 244) with the Cailliaud plant which he named “ Bistella geminiflora Delil. (Descript, des plantes découv. par M. Cailliaud, pl. II. fig. 4). – Ascyroides Lippi (Manusc. nos. 243 et 244).” It must be emphasized that the taxonomic identification of “ Bistella Del.” with Vahlia Thunb. has never been questioned, but the identity of Adanson’s Bistella with Bistella geminiflora Del. has been overlooked; this species, as represented by Lippi’s plant, is the type of the generic name Bistella Adans.
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  • 41
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    Foliar Sclereids in the Marcgraviaceae (1967)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.250 (1967) nr.1 p.585
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: A survey is given of the types of the sclereids and the sclereid patterns occurring in the leaves of the Marcgraviaceae. Eight main categories of sclereids are distinguished on the base of the morphology of the sclereids. A comparison is made with the foliar sclereids found in some other families. The systematic value and the function of the sclereids are briefly discussed. Some new combinations of names are published.
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  • 42
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    Critical remarks on the Suriname species of the genus Securidaca (Polygalaceae) (1940)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.71 (1940) nr.1 p.677
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Whilst studying the material of the genus Securidaca for the “Flora of Suriname”, I found it in most cases extremely difficult or even impossible to identify the species. The original descriptions are, as a rule, very short, and they have been based for a good deal on incomplete material: mature fruits, for instance, are often missing. Hence it is not surprising that on quite a number of species the opinions of taxonomists disagree. Accordingly on the one hand we may find in the various collections the most different species lumped together under the same name, while on the other hand one and the same species may appear under several names. A study of the type specimens therefore, was obviously very desirable. I am indebted to the “VAN EEDEN FONDS” for enabling me to visit the Herbarium in Paris, where I could clear up some misunderstandings with regard to the Suriname species. This study includes all the Suriname specimens preserved in the Herbaria of Utrecht, Leiden, Kew, Brussels, Geneva and Berlin, together with the material collected outside Suriname and available in the Utrecht and Paris collections, and the British Guiana plants of the Kew Herbarium. To get an impression of the genus as a whole, several species not occurring in Suriname have been studied, but a thorough investigation was made of the Suriname ones only. The results of this investigation will be given below.
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  • 43
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    Über die verwendung des begriffes „varietät” in taxonomischen arbeiten (1932)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.3 (1932) nr.1 p.36
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Wenn man bei dem Studium von Monographien und sonstigen systematischen Arbeiten darauf achtet, in welcher Weise die verschiedenen Autoren den Begriff „Varietät” benutzen, bemerkt man sofort, wie in dieser Hinsicht grosze Willkür herrscht. Nicht nur ist die Begrenzung des Begriffes sehr variabel (cf. Danser, Du Rietz) sondern auch der Wert, welchen man ihm beimisst, und zwar besonders in Hinsicht auf die Frage, ob in bestimmten Fällen wohl ein genetischer Zusammenhang zwischen Art und Varietät besteht oder nicht. Dazu kommt speziell in der letzten Zeit noch ein dritter Faktor hinzu, der Verwirrung hervorruft. Diesen findet man in der experimentellen Methode, welche die Arteinheiten kennen zu lernen ermöglicht (cf. Turesson, Du Rietz). Diese Methode gebraucht nämlich zum Teil die gleichen Begriffe, wie die beschreibende Systematik. Meiner Ansicht nach dürfen wir nun nicht mehr in dieser Weise fortfahren; wir müssen vielmehr zur Übereinstimmung kommen in Bezug auf die Trennung der Methoden der experimentellen und der beschreibenden Systematik. Es ist die Aufgabe des nächsten botanischen Kongress, hier eine entscheidende Regelung zu treffen, damit wir nicht in einigen Jahren vor unentwirrbaren Schwierigkeiten stehen. Darum will ich meinen Standpunkt in dieser Hinsicht hier auseinandersetzen. Die unmittelbare Veranlassung zu der vorliegenden Arbeit ist in mündlichen und schriftlichen Angriffen verschiedener Systematiker auf meinen Standpunkt, den ich in meiner Doktorarbeit (Lanjouw 1931) hinsichtlich des Gebrauches der Varietät genuina eingenommen habe, gelegen. Dort habe ich auf S. 4 behauptet, dass es unlogisch ist, innerhalb einer Art eine Var. genuina usw. zu unterscheiden. Ich habe diese Meinung auch noch festgelegt in der ersten These, von der hier die Uebersetzung folgt: „Es ist verwirrend und unrichtig, eine Art ganz in Varietäten zu zerlegen. Eine Varietät darf man nur annehmen, wenn sie sich von einer wirklich bestehenden Art unterscheidet, und diese letzte darf man nicht Var. genuina usw. nennen”. Wie schon gesagt, ist diese Meinung späterhin bestritten worden, und weil diese Frage von allgemeinem Belang ist für den Begriff „Varietät”, komme ich hier darauf zurück.
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  • 44
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    The genus Mathewsia (Cruciferae) (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.232 (1966) nr.1 p.102
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Among the endemic and sometimes localized genera of the Cruciferae occurring in South America, Mathewsia stands apart as an element of the distinctive desert flora of southwestern Peru and western Chile. As far as present records show, the genus is confined to a relatively narrow strip wholly west of the main Cordillera, not far from the Pacific Ocean. Some species are confined to washes or small arroyos known as quebrades. Others occur as part of the lomas vegetation of western Peru. Populations of the same species occupying different quebradas often differ from each other to a limited degree and in many instances probably little or no gene exchange occurs between them. The intervening dry areas, separating one quebrada from another, are completely unsuited to the growth of Mathewsia and form a natural barrier to the spread of any given population. Thus, with habitats only spottily available, the evolutionary divergence that has resulted in localized species of Mathewsia is readily understandable. One of the real difficulties in studying a group of species inhabiting areas that have been infrequently visited by botanists, is the paucity of available material. Furthermore, unlike some species of Cremolobus (Khanna and Rollins, 1965), the numbers of individuals in a given locality appear to be few and scattered. In some instances, only a single specimen of a given species has been found for study in all of the herbaria consulted. Under these circumstances, the bare essentials of the species are all that can be given and nothing can be said about their variation or distribution. The purpose of this paper is to present, as a first approximation, a taxonomic treatment of Mathewsia that will provide a sound basis for further research on the genus.
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  • 45
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    Some aspects of the pollen morphology of the genus Sanguisorba L. (Rosaceae) (1967)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.293 (1967) nr.1 p.305
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Eight species of the genus Sanguisorba L. were studied. Two distinct types could be recognized, viz., the Sanguisorba minor and the Sanguisorba officinalis type. Sanguisorba filiformis (Hooker fil.) Handell-Mazzetti appeared to be a transition between these two types.
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  • 46
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    Taxonimic and morphological notes on Clarisia (Morac.) (1968)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.302 (1968) nr.1 p.309
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Studies in the Moraceae showed that Acanthinophyllum should be regarded as congeneric with Clarisia, and that Clarisia spruceana and Aliteria sagoti are conspecific with Clarisia ilicifolia. Some characters of the inflorescences and seeds and the position of Clarisia and its relationships with Trophis and Sorocea are discussed.
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  • 47
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    Einige bemerkungen über die pollenführung der Braunkohlengrube “Maria Theresia”, Herzogenrath (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.261 (1966) nr.1 p.308
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The pollenflora of the browncoal mined in the quarry “Maria Theresia”, Herzogenrath, Western Germany has been investigated. Samples were taken along a section of 12.50 meters at intervals of 50 centimeters. Identifications were made on the basis of form-genera and form-species; this working method gives a broad information on pollen types, but does not relate the fossil pollen types primarily to recent plant taxa. Pollen types which are considered to belong to Betulaceae/Myricaceae make up the biggest part of the pollen assemblages. The construction of a “Composite diagram” for Betulaceae/Myricaceae proved to be useful and might give a better idea on paleoecologic conditions. The stratigraphic position of the browncoal examined is thought to be Lower “Hauptflöz”, possibly Morken or Frimmersdorf Horizont.
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  • 48
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    Chromosome numbers of Parnassia palustris L. in the Netherlands (1965)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.215 (1965) nr.1 p.242
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: In Sweden Erlandsson (1942) showed that the species Parnassia palustris L. has two chromosome numbers, 2n = 18 and 2n = 36. Rozanova (1940) found the same numbers in plants collected in the U.S.S.R. Some morphological differences could be demonstrated in the Swedish material (Erlandsson, 1942). This was confirmed by Löve and Löve (1944) and, therefore, these authors (1950) distinguish 2 species: the diploid Parnassia palustris L. em. Löve and the tetraploid Parnassia obtusiflora Rupr. em. Löve, also separated by sterility barriers and by their geographical distribution. In the Netherlands a tetraploid population was found by Gadella and Kliphuis (1963). As the tetraploid population occurs in an area situated far south of the circumpolar distribution area of the tetraploid plants, it seemed worthwhile to determine the chromosome numbers of other plants of Parnassia palustris L. growing in the Netherlands.
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  • 49
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    Novitates Burseracearum III (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.225 (1966) nr.1 p.45
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Protium aracouchini (Aubl.) March. var. angustifolium Swart n. var. Folia 1- usque ad 5-juga; interjugum basale petiolo plerumque longius sed interjugis aliis brevius; petioluli breves; foliola oblongolanceolata 7.5-10 cm longa, 2-2.75 cm lata, apicem versus distincte angustata, apice gradatim in acumen lineare sexies usque ad nonies longius quam latius acuminato; nervi sec. utrinque usque ad 20. Holotypus: Lindeman 4504 (U, 078268B).
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  • 50
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    Les types d’enracinement des espèces du Juncion maritimi méditerranéen. II (1965)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.216 (1965) nr.1 p.199
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Les systèmes radiculaires des espèces des prés salés du Juncion maritimi ont été étudiés. Nous avons distingué six types morphologiques principaux d’enracinement. Les particularités des différents types et espèces ont été décrites et dessinées. La répartition des différents types d’enracinement dans le Junco-Triglochinetum et le Caricetum divisae a été interprétée écologiquement. Les racines de nombreuses espèces du Juncion maritimi sont pourvues de lacunes aérifères. C’est une adaptation au niveau élevé de la nappe phréatique. La résistance mécanique du sol a également une influence sur le système radiculaire. La concurrence des systèmes radiculaires a été discutée. On a essayé de différencier les groupements végétaux par leurs types d’enracinement. Je tiens à remercier M. J. Braun-Blanquet, directeur de la Station Internationale de Géobotanique Méditerranéenne et Alpine à Montpellier, de son aide et de l’intérêt stimulant qu’il a porté à mon travail, et M. J.-M. Betsch de son conseil. Les subventions de la Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Montpellier fonds) et du Utrechts Universiteitsfonds m’ont facilité le séjour à la Station et rendu possible ces recherches.
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  • 51
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    A sketch of the vegetation and flora of the Kappel Savanna near Tafelberg, Suriname. I (1968)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.309 (1968) nr.1 p.495
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: In February and early March, 1961, the senior author spent three weeks on a small savanna in the approximate centre of Suriname, South of Tafelberg, (map 1). He was accompanied by Mr. W. H. A. Hekking. The time was spent in exploring the flora of the savanna and the adjacent forest. As a detailed study of the vegetation of the savannas of northern Suriname was then in progress, several extensive papers being in preparation (Heyligers, 1963; Van Donselaar, 1965; Van Donselaar-Ten Bokkel Huinink, 1966), it was felt that a more thorough inventory of the vegetation and the flora of the savanna might be rewarding. When a general impression of the plant-cover of the area had been obtained, eight representative sample-plots were selected, their vegetation was analyzed and described after the method of the French-Swiss school of phytosociology, and pits were dug in the soil down to bedrock, samples being taken in every distinctive-looking layer. This work was carried out jointly by the senior author and W. H. A. Hekking; part of the floristic exploration was also done by or with Dr. R. M. Tryon, Harvard Herbarium, Cambridge, Mass. The results are here presented. It was felt that in order to integrate them with those obtained elsewhere in Suriname, the collaboration of a specialist familiar with the Suriname savannas in general was required. This was the junior author’s task, who, after his prolonged work on the savannas of northern Suriname, later expanded his work to those of the southern part of the country. The preliminary results of the last-named study are in the press; more detailed field work is in progress as this paper goes to the press.
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  • 52
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    Stevens Pond: A postglacial pollen diagram from a small Typha Swamp in Northwestern Minnesota, interpreted from pollen indicators and surface samples (1967)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.276 (1967) nr.1 p.145
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: The pollen assemblages of a core in the coniferhardwood formation in northwestern Minnesota are compared with the floristics of the recent vegetation in the region. Percentage levels of the main tree components have been compared first with those from recent surface samples taken at the same short distance from various types of upland forests and second with the regional values of the pollen rain in this area (McAndrews 1966). To that end all the data were recalculated on the basis of special pollen sums. The regional diagram of Stevens Pond shows basically the same assemblage zones as established by McAndrews but without the late-glacial Picea-Populus assemblage zone. The pollen in the following Pinus-Pteridium assemblage zone has been interpreted as derived from a pine forest. During the midpostglacial expansion of the prairie eastwards the regional vegetation must have been a Quercus savanna, locally with prairie. Corylus reaches relatively high percentages in this zone. Among the prairie elements especially the occurrence of Lilium philadelphicum may be noted. In the next zone the pollen diagram shows a rise of the curves of mesic elements. In spite of this the comparison with recent surface samples indicates a xerophytic Quercus forest rather than a mesophytic deciduous forest. In the following Pinus assemblage zone pine was present along the margin of Stevens Pond and is therefore overrepresented in the diagram. In the uppermost zone the pollen curves show the effect of logging of the forest about 1900. Pollen of cultivated and introduced plants appear in this zone. Many local pollen types were found, on account of local overrepresentation. This made it possible to compare the local Stevens Pond sequence with the composition of recent lowland vegetation types. The pollen sequence was similar to a large extent to the recent pattern of lake filling, starting with a eutrophic vegetation of Typha latifolia and Salix in the prairie period and leading to a Larix forest and then to a mesotrophic Picea mariana forest, the present edaphic climax on peaty soils. There is a delay, however, in the introduction of acidophilous species, the Larix forest being without Sphagnum and Ericaceae. This is explained by assuming an influence of the vegetation of the surrounding slopes upon the local vegetation. About 1900 the bog forest was destroyed by logging operations and replaced by the present Typha latifolia mat.
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  • 53
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    A new species of Roupala (proteaceae) in Suriname (1967)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.266 (1967) nr.1 p.334
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Arbor 8 m alta, altitudine pectoris 20 cm diam.; ramuli teretes, glabri. Folia coriacea, glabra, plana, late elliptica vel late obovata, apice obtusa, rotundata vel subacuminata, basi attenuata et in petiolum decurrentia, 9-12 cm longa, 5-7½ cm lata, statu sicco supra viridia, leviter nitida, infra olivacea, opaca, marginibus subrevolutis, integris; costa et nervi primarii utraque facie prominentes, nervi primarii infimi tenues, inconspicui, spatio brevi margine paralleli, ii paris secundi costae paralleli et valde proximi supra basin folii, tum divergentes sub angulo 30°, plus minusve recti inter costam et marginem et 1-1½ cm a margine remoti, nervis primariis paris tertii coniuncta in parte tertia superiore laminae; nervi primarii tenuiores singuli vel plures primariis maioribus intercalati; venae secundariae leves, paucae, ad marginem et apicem laminae arcuatim coniunctae, rete supra occulto, infra minime claro; petiolus 1-2 cm longus, 2 mm crassus. Inflorescentiae axillares, 10-14 cm longae; rhachis glabra; flores geminati; pedicellus communis perbrevis, pedicellus communis cum individuali 4-4½ mm longus, glaber; bracteae minimae, triangulares mox deciduae; alabastra cylindrica, apice clavata, lutea, 8-9 mm longa; lobi perianthii glabri, crassi, apice leviter excavati, 8-9 mm longi, 1 mm lati, anthesi recurvati, pallide flavo virides; filamenta brevissima, lata, parte superiore loborum perianthii affixa; antherae 2.6 mm longae; ovarium brevissime et adpresse fusco-pilosum, 2 mm altum, sensim in stylum protractum; stylus apice leviter clavatus, stigmate terminali; glandulae disci quaternae liberae, crassae, subglobosae, 0.4 mm altae et latae. Fructus ignotus.
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  • 54
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    Palynology, nomenclature and terminology (1967)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.291 (1967) nr.1 p.15
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-08
    Description: Some of the basic concepts common to plant taxonomy, palaeobotany and palynology are discussed such as “taxon”, “taxonomic categories”, “genus and species concepts”, as well as “organ and form genera”. The development of the specifically palaeobotanical and palynological concepts of organ and form genera is briefly treated in the light of the shaping of palaeobotanical thought and methods since Adolphe Brongniart. The need for a single category of an artificial nature (i.e., form genus) is acknowledged; the need for a second category of such nature (i.e., organ genus) is questioned. The general guide lines for good palynological practice given by Faegri et al. (1950) are recommended for future use and are reprinted as an appendix to this paper.
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  • 55
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    Wood anatomy of the genus Euplassa and its relation to other Proteaceae of the Guianas and Brazil (1966)
    In:  Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht (2352-5754) vol.233 (1966) nr.1 p.117
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    Description: Three genera of the Proteaceae belonging to the tribe Grevilleeae occur in the Guianas and Brazil: Roupala, Panopsis, and Euplassa. The microscopical wood structure of one of these genera, Euplassa, has not been described before. Anatomically it proves to be nearly identical with Panopsis which it also resembles in general properties. Roupala differs in several respects. Within the genera differences are not fundamental and chiefly a matter of numbers and dimensions. A key to the genera is given. The relation of these three genera with the two other members of the tribe in South America, Orites and Gevuina, is discussed.
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  • 56
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    Reviews (1966)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.21 (1966) nr.1 p.1436
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: *Burkill, I.H.: Chapters on the history of botany in India, 1965, xi + 245 pp., 4 portr., 2 maps. Manager of Publications, Government of India Press, Delhi 8. Sh. 12/6, or $ 1.98. It was not necessary to mention that Burkill began compiling this book at the age of 81 to finish it at 93, for, although the last two chapters are miscellaneous in contents, it could as well have been written by a man thirty years younger. Everybody will regret that the book ends at the time Burkill’s own contributions to Indian botany began, notably about 1900. As for the period covered, and that is from the earliest beginnings, the book is a rich store of information. It was published in chanters in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 4 and has now, after considerable revision by the author, been brought out by the Botanical Survey of India, preceded by an Introduction by Father H. Santapau, the Director, who therein put Burkill’s considerable merits for Indian botany on record.
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  • 57
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    Dates of publication and bibliographical notes (1969)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.24 (1969) nr.1 p.1801
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Roxburgh, W., Plants of Coromandel, etc. Add (to Fl.Mal. I, 4, 1954, p. CLXXI): cf. D. Wood, Not. R.Bot.Gard.Edinb. 29 (1969) 211-212.
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  • 58
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    The similarity of Lophopyxis and Gouania (1966)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.21 (1966) nr.1 p.1426
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: The affinity of the Malesian genus Lophopyxis has a checkered history, a survey of which was given by L.B. Holthuis & H.J. Lam, in Blumea 5 (1942) 205-208, fig. 7. It has been referred to Flacourtiaceae, Icacinaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Olacaceae, and Saxifragaceae. Hitherto no attention was paid to the similarity with Gouania in the Rhamnaceae, which it resembles in toothed leaves, presence of stipules, panicled spike-like inflorescences, and the occurrence of tendrils in these.
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  • 59
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    Progress in Malesian botany (1969)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.24 (1969) nr.1 p.1780
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Dr. B.O. van Zanten, Groningen, will soon finish the revision of Malesian species of Racopilum and Powellia (Racopilaceae). Mr. J.H. Hilbrands has in 1968/69 worked on the species of the genus Papillaria of Malesia and adjacent countries (at Groningen, under supervision of Dr. van Zanten).
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  • 60
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    The numbering of Sarawak Forest Department collections (1966)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.21 (1966) nr.1 p.1432
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Taxonomists working with material collected by the Sarawak Forest Department have often been hard put to decide how to quote numbers. Is the departmental series number preceeded by a letter S, or an F, or would it be best to quote only the collector and the number? I have tried to unravel the history of the Sarawak Forest Department herbarium number series in order to provide a guide to unequivocal citation. This has not been easy, as all collecting books previous to 1951 have disappeared, apparently during the second world war; many of the herbarium collections are now missing at Kuching and Kepong, where most were distributed, for the same reasons, though there seem also to have been large gaps in the series where numbers were never used. What has eventually been brought to light has been a masterpiece of confusion only vied with in complexity by its Sarawakian forbear, the remarkable numbering, or rather lettering, system of Haviland (explained in Kew Bull. 1907, 197— 198).
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  • 61
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    Domatia (1965)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.20 (1965) nr.1 p.1272
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: These small structures in nerve axils at the underside of leaves have given food to various theories and have been nonetheless in phytographic and taxonomic neglect almost from the beginning. That was in 1887, when the Swede A.N. Lundstroem published an extensive paper, in which he explained domatia as structures intended to accommodate mites – hence the word acarodomatia – which latter would in turn benefit the plant by cleansing the leaves from fungus spores. Lundstroem arrived at this hypothesis on the strength of ideas current in that time, about the existence of symbiotic relations between ants and plants; it was in the heydays of teleology. A closer investigation left little of the illusions about mutual benefit between ants and plants, but such critical interest was never focused on the supposed relation between mites and plants. Recently I could grow a few domatia-bearing species under acari-free conditions; the plants with their domatia did as well as in the open. Yet it is hard to prove that Lundstroem was wrong, but a combination of the experiment, the wellknown fact that domatia are inhabited by acari as often as not, and the origin of the hypothesis make if very unlikely that mites will creep into domatia for other reasons than a natural preference for shelter in small holes. All other (physiological) explanations are unconvincing, too, and so for the time being an explanation is lacking – provided that such an explanation would be necessary.
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  • 62
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    Printed and Mimeographed Issues Obtainable from Flora Malesiana Foundation, Rijksherbarium, Leiden (1967)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.22 (1967) nr.1 p.1665
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Index to the Enumeration of the Orchidaceae of Sumatra, by J.J. Smith. At the Rijksherbarium there was a handwritten copy compiled by the late Dr. J.J. Smith of his important enumeration of Sumatran Orchids, published in Fedde, Repertorium 32 (1933) 130-386, which was obviously for reasons of economy not printed. The author left a note to the Librarian of the Rijksherbarium saying that it is indispensable for consulting this work, as many orchid names were here reduced to synonymy for the first time. This is now available for orchidologists and libraries in stencilled form in the same format as the Enumeration, with the Library of the Rijksherbarium, Schelpenkade 6, Leyden, Holland.
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  • 63
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    Personal news (1965)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.20 (1965) nr.1 p.1239
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Dr. P. S. Ashton of Kuching went on leave at the end of September 1965, to return mid-1966. In Europe he hopes to consult some Herbaria for type materials of Dipterocarpaceae. Mr. M. M. J. van Balgooy of the Rijksherbarium travelled in New Guinea, Australia, Lord Howe Island, and Java, from 30 March to 14 August 1965.
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  • 64
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    Expeditions and other exploration (1967)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.22 (1967) nr.1 p.1534
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Field work on the Ceylon Flora. Trimen’s ”Handbook” on the flora of Ceylon, published between 1893-1900, is one of the finest floras ever written of a tropical area. It is a five volume descriptive work that served very adequately for many years. It is now not only out-of-date, but completely unobtainable. The Smithsonian Institution, in cooperation with the University of Ceylon and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, is initiating a project to bring up to date and republish the Trimen ”Handbook” by providing an opportunity for field work in Ceylon.
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  • 65
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    Editorial (1969)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.24 (1969) nr.1 p.1773
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: In 1969 Indonesian botany suffered a severe loss by the untimely death of Dr. B. Prijanto, at the end of April. He was the head of the Forest Exploration Division, Forest Research Institute, Bogor. He belonged to that still very small, but admirable circle of young able Indonesian botanists built up in the early sixties, largely through the efforts of Dr. Kostermans. Dr. Prijanto studied palynology for one year at Stockholm, after which he proceeded to Edinburgh where he received a thorough training under Dr. Burtt, working largely on the systematics of Scrophulariaceae, in connection with problems in Gesneriaceae. He was a very nice and energetic man, full of plans for the future exploration of Indonesian forests. Our sympathy goes to his young wife, whom he had married only a few months before. He was a victim of an unfortunate car accident in SW. Celebes. The accident occurred when he was hunting for Eucalyptus with two Australian foresters, who both met an untimely death as well, one of them being Mr. E. Larsen, of Canberra. Another thing that lamed botanical activity at Bogor was the serious trouble which Dr. Kostermans ran into with the police by whom he was detained. We hope that he will soon be cleared and that this will be a mere incident which will not affect his energy nor his enthusiasm for Indonesian botany. Unfortunately, through this mishap, he was unable to lead the Seminars on botany in August, neither could he accompany the British Museum Botanical Expedition to Central Celebes led by Dr. Jermy. These tasks were taken over by Dr. Rifai. Dr. Kostermans was also unable to attend the opening of the partly finished new Herbarium building in October, towards the planning of which he had contributed so much.
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  • 66
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    Reviews (1967)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.22 (1967) nr.1 p.1579
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: *Allen, B. Molesworth: Malayan Fruits. An introduction to the cultivated species (with Thai and Tamil names). 1967, 245 pp., 73 fig., 10 photo., 1 tab. 8°. Donald Moore Press Ltd. Singapore. M$ 7.50. A popular guide in a handy well illustrated and wellprinted cheap hook of the most common edible fruits. By the ”quick guide” on the table one can orient himself on the identity; also within the genera there is a key to the species or varieties. Each species is fully described and for the layman a glossary of botanic terms is added, for the housewife a list of recipes.
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  • 67
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    Reviews (1969)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.24 (1969) nr.1 p.1818
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Ashton, P.S.: A Manual of the Dipterocarp Trees of Brunei State and of Sarawak. Supplement. Borneo Literature Bureau, Rock Road, Kuching, Sarawak (Printed by Cathay Press, Hong Kong). 1968. viii + 129 pp., 15 fig., 20 pl. (photogr.), large 8°, clothbound. M$ 18.00 + postage M$ 1.30; bank charges of M$ 1.75 are required on foreign cheques. This ’Supplement’ records all Dipterocarpaceae from Sarawak, to the huge number of 247, 12 of which are yet undescribed by being insufficiently known. In the large Brunei Manual, published by the Oxford University Press (1964), 153 of these species had already been fully described; besides in that book very full evidence was given in many other aspects. This information is not repeated here. The Supplement provides keys (one botanical and one field key in all cases) to genera and all 247 species quoting all Sarawak collections, and providing for a full botanical description of all species not recorded in the Brunei book. It is therefore to be used together with the latter. A great asset as a precursor to the Malesian dipterocarps. The work is excellently printed on good paper.—v.St.
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  • 68
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    Collections cited under abbreviations (1967)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.22 (1967) nr.1 p.1571
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: The practice of citing collections made in institutional series by the letters of that series instead of by the collector’s name (e.g. FB 23435 instead of Aquilar & Valderrama FB 23435) led, with the publication of so many Identification Lists, to the dishing out of an alphabet soup that many a botanist or curator of collections may find hard to digest. In itself, the system of collecting in long institutional series is an excellent one, permitting great economy in space when collections are to be cited. The oldest series seems to be the KB-one, dating from about 1870, established by Scheffer, followed early in this century by the BS and FB series, established by Merrill. A good number-stamp may have contributed much to the success and consistency with which the series were maintained for a long time. In other institutes, there has been created what Dr. Ashton characterized as ”a masterpiece of confusion”, the unravelling of which, as can be seen from his paper on ”The numbering of Sarawak Forest Department collections” in this Bulleton on pp. 1432-1435 (1966), requires a good deal of research. The purpose of this paper is only to give a list of abbreviations in use between Thailand and the Solomons, for the guidance of those who compile, and those who use Identification lists. These Lists, products of the work for the Flora Malesiana, serve as documentation as well as being of use for the identification of Malesian duplicates not seen by a taxonomist himself. When compiling and using such a list, three questions are to be considered.
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  • 69
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    Obituaries and biographical notes (1969)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.23 (1969) nr.1 p.1674
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Brizicky, G.K. (1901-1968) Research Botanist, Harvard Herbarium, died of a heart attack, June 15, 1968.
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  • 70
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    Editorial (1967)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.22 (1967) nr.1 p.1515
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-05
    Description: Since the last Bulletin was published we have to regret the loss of one of the last of the Mohikans of the Treub period of ’s-Lands Plantentuin (Kebun Raya Indonesia) at Buitenzorg (Bogor), namely of Dr. Charles Bernard, born 1876 in Geneva, who died at Amsterdam, 29th July 1967, aged 90. He studied at Geneva, finished his education by getting his degree in 1894, after which he remained for six years assistant to Prof. Dr. R. Chodat under whom he prepared a doctor’s thesis in 1901 (published 1903) on the embryology of some parasitic plants which led him to consider Lathraea as a scrophulariaceous genus.
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  • 71
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    The Presumed Pleistocene Glaciation of the Southeast Brazilian Itatiaia Mountains (1969)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.23 (1969) nr.1 p.1701
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: In volume 53 of the Arquivos do Museu Nacional (pp. 1-54, 15 fig., 6 tables) there is an interesting ecological account on the vegetation of the famous Itatiaia Range by Mr. F. Segadas-Vianna and Leda Dau (co-author on climatology). The advantage of these two papers (vegetation and climate) is that they provide pertinent data and a fair description.
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  • 72
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    The herb flora of Taiwan or How to master a Flora without types and with only a few books (1967)
    In:  Flora Malesiana Bulletin (0071-5778) vol.22 (1967) nr.1 p.1562
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: My visit to and trips in Taiwan, in 1966, brought me into close contact with the wonderfully rich and varied flora of this large island which is fairly easily accessible if one speaks Chinese or is accompanied by Chinese companions, as was my privilege. As is well known the woody flora of Taiwan is tolerably well known, by the excellent work of Kanehira (1936), followed by the modern works of Prof. Tang-shui Liu (2 vols, 1960-1962) and Prof. Li (1963).
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  • 73
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    Über einige aus dem Erdboden isolierte, zu Sporormia, Preussia und Westerdykella gehörende Ascomyceten (1967)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.4 (1967) nr.4 p.407
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Einige zur Ascomycetenfamilie der Sporormiaceae gehörende, aus dem Erdboden isolierte Pilze werden als Arten der Gattungen Sporormia (Synonym: Sporormiopsis), Preussia (Synonym: Honoratia) und Westerdykella (Synonym: Pycnidiophora) besprochen und mit einander verglichen. Sporormia aemulans var. ostiolata wird neu beschrieben. Einige als Sporormia und Preussia beschriebene Arten werden mit Preussia fleischhakii vereinigt.
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  • 74
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    Spore development in the form-genus Phoma (1965)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.3 (1965) nr.4 p.413
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Diagrams drawn after electron-micrographs of the spore formation in Phoma spp. are shown. The manner in which the spores are formed, called here the ‘monopolar repetitive budding process’, is discussed.
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  • 75
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    Some tropical species of Ganoderma (Polyporaceae) with pale context (1967)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.4 (1967) nr.4 p.379
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Five species of Ganoderma Karsten are discussed, which are confined to the tropics and characterized by the presence of a light-colored context, but which are devoid of the laccate upper surface of the pileus typical of the species of the Ganoderma lucidum-group. Ganoderma neurosporum J. Furtado is proposed as a new species. Three of the five species—Ganoderma amazonense Weir, G. coffeatum (Berk.) J. Furtado, comb, nov., and G. neurosporum J. Furtado—are from the neotropics. Ganoderma lloydii Pat. & Flar. is known only from Africa, and G. asperulatum (Murrill) Bres. has been reported only from the Philippines and Borneo. Regardless of their geographical distribution, the five species under discussion are distinguished particularly by their basidiospore characteristics. In their morphological features they show several characteristics also found in some trocial species of Amauroderma Murrill.
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  • 76
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    Paraphelaria, a new genus of Auriculariaceae (Basidiomycetes) (1966)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.4 (1966) nr.3 p.345
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Recent collections from the Solomon Islands show that Aphelaria amboinensis (Lev.) Corner is an auriculariaceous fungus of coriaceous consistency, devoid of hymenium, but with the basidia immersed longitudinally in the superficial tissue. Re-named Paraphelaria ambonensis (Lév.) nov. gen., comb, nov., it is a parallel both to Aphelaria and to Tremellodendron.
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  • 77
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    Studies in ascostromatic lichen-fungi-II. Types of ascostromata (1965)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-5850) vol.4 (1965) nr.1 p.9
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-20
    Description: Attention is drawn to the fact that the development of ascostromatic fungi is so diverse that it is possible to recognize a number of differently organized groups. Some of these groups correspond to the developmental types recognized by Luttrell but it is also shown that his Pleospora-type is not homogeneous, comprising as it does a number of categories, each of which has its own type of development of the ascocarp. To designate structures not indicated before, the new terms tichus, cataphysis, and tinophysis are introduced.
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  • 78
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    Zur Nomenklatur von Pylaiella litoralis und Pylaiella rupincola (1942)
    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.64
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In einem jüngst erschienenen Aufsatz schreibt Du Rietz (1941 S. 6): ”Pylaiella rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin ist mit Conferva litoralis L. identisch. Kein Grund liegt vor anzunehman‘, dass Linné die auf Ascophyllum an der schwedischen Westküste wachsende Pylaiella litoralis sensu Kylin gekannt und in seine Conferva litoralis miteinbezogen hat. Der Name Pylaiella litoralis (L.) Kjellm. muss deshalb für P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin beibehalten werden. Für P. litoralis sensu Kylin schlägt Verf. den neuen Namen Pylaiella Kylinii vor.“ Bei meinen Untersuchungen über Pylaiella litoralis (1933 und 1937) war ich zu der Auffassung gekommen, dass diese Art in sich zwei verschiedene Arten enthielt. Für die eine behielt ich den Namen P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die andere nannte ich P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin 1937 S. 5, und dies zwar aus historischen Gründen. In der Literatur hatte man nämlich die im allgemeinen auf den gröberen Fucaceen epiphytisch wachsende Pylaiella als die Hauptform betrachtet, die im allgemeinen auf Felsen wachsende rupincola dagegen als eine Nebenform. Und um nun die Nomenklatur, in der Weise wie sie sich historisch entwickelt hatte, so wenig als irgend möglich zu verändern, bezeichnete ich die Hauptform als P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die Nebenform dagegen als B. rupincola (Aresch.). Kylin. Du Rietz behauptet jetzt, dass ich die Nomenklaturgesetzte übertreten habe. Ehe ich indessen diese Frage des näheren auseinandersetze, werde ich P. litoralis und P. rupincola kurz besprechen.
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  • 79
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    Notice sur Madame Dr A.A. Weber née van Bosse à l’occasion de son 90ième anniversaire (1942)
    In:  Blumea. Supplement (0373-4293) vol.2 (1942) nr.1 p.3
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Anne Antoinette van Bosse, fille de M. Jacob van Bosse et de Mme Jaqueline Jeanne née Reynvaan, naquit à Amsterdam le 27 mars 1852. Très jeune encore elle perdit sa mère; sa soeur, son ainée de 10 ans, prit sa place aussi bien qu’elle put. Outre cette soeur elle avait trois frères. Selon l’usage de cette époque les familles aisées n’envoyaient pas leurs filles à l’école, ainsi Anna van Bosse reçut à la maison son instruction par une institutrice de nationalité suisse. La botanique et la zoologie furent d’emblée ses branches préférées; les fréquentes visites au jardin zoologique ”Artis“ y contribuèrent pour une grande part. l’Observation des animaux exotiques lui procurait un grand plaisir et jusqu’à présent elle porte un grand intêret à ”Artis“.
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  • 80
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    On the ecology of a Sphagnum Bog (1934)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.1 (1934) nr.1 p.10
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: For the ecologist systematic units are actors in a play. Whatever their christian- and family-names may be — it is their role, whether master or servant, whether villain or hero — which determines the character of the performance. This performance has, moreover, the property of being both continuous and simultaneous: all scenes are given at once. Such a continuous and simultaneous performance is called a biocoenosis. In a great many ways, a biocoenosis reminds us of an organism. For the coördination between organs or tissues, or even cells is also continuous and simultaneous. A biocoenosis is a higher vital unit, and may be approached by the same methods which we use for the study of organisms (V. D. KLAAUW (24)). In the systematic approach we establish the name, sex and age of the actors, in the anatomical approach the “pattern” of the constitutional units is established (“the dramatical situation”), while the physiological approach is concerned with the metabolism of the entity (“the plot”). As counterpart of these methods, however, we have to consider the study of the environment. The environment, which LOTKA has called “the stage of the life drama” (28).
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  • 81
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    Zum geleit (1934)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.1 (1934) nr.1 p.7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Anlässlich der Centenarsfeier des „Rijksherbarium” zu Leiden im Jahre 1930 schrieb Prof. Dr L. DIELS in Berlin-Dahlem einen Beitrag, betitelt „Herbarien und Sammler”, für die „Herdenkingsuitgave” der „Mededeelingen van ’s Rijks Herbarium” (No. 62—69, Leiden, 1931). In diesem Beitrag wurde Wert und Bestimmung von Herbarien und die Aufgabe des Sammlers gekennzeichnet. Durch das Sammeln ganzer Pflanzen und genauer Etikettierung können, so führte DIELS aus, die Sammler viel beitragen zur Vermehrung der botanischen Kenntnis, u. a. von den Verbreitungsgebieten der Pflanzen und der Pflanzenökologie. DIELS kommt zu dem Schluss: „Selbst in den alten Kulturländern liegen dankbare Aufgaben in dieser Richtung vor. Doch am grössten ist die Verantwortung der Anstalten, die ihre Arbeit in erster Linie auf die tropischen Floren wenden. Denn das Gesamtbild, das wir uns von der Pflanzenwelt machen, gewinnt seinen Umfang, seine Mannigfaltigkeit und viele besondere Farben aus den Floren der Tropen. Mit der fortschreitenden Vernichtung der ursprünglichen Zustände in den, wärmeren Ländern droht dieses Bild zu verarmen und eintöniger zu werden, ehe wir noch wirklich seinen Reichtum begriffen haben”. Java, das heutigentags grösstenteils Kulturland geworden ist, bestätigt die Wahrheit des zitierten Satzes überdeutlich. So sind, um ein spezielles Beispiel herauszugreifen, die Urwälder der Niederung, welche früher grosse Flächen bedeckten, bis auf kleine Resten Opfer der Kultivierung geworden, lange bevor man die ursprüngliche Vegetation in ihren Elementen gut kennen gelernt hatte. Möge die Entdeckung von Relikten heute auch interessant sein, vom pflanzengeographischen Standpunkt aus muss man sehr bedauern, dass die systematische Erforschung der Vegetation nicht vor der Vernichtung des Urzustandes zu gewisser Vollendung gebracht werden konnte.
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  • 82
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    On the taxonomic position of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Eucommiaceae) (1942)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.5 (1942) nr.1 p.81
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Summarizing, it appears that Eucommia has the greatest number of characters in common with the Urticales. This is shown by the similarity of the inflorescences as well as by the unisexual flowers and the dioecy. In both groups the pistil consists of 2 connate carpels and the ovary is usually 1-celled by abortion, while the stigmata are generally papillate. Further general points of relation with the Urticales are the originally spiral phyllotaxis, which becomes later on pseudo-distichous, simple vessel perforations, libriform with bordered pits, unicellular hairs and the occurrence of calciumcarbonate and silica as well as of latex elements. Yet, it seems difficult to indicate any particular family in the Urticales to which Eucommia should be most related. While the fruit recalls Ulmus and the latex elements Urtica and Cannabis, the spirally thickened vessel walls remind us of some Morus species. In addition, Eucommia is isolated by the facts that in the Urticales the perianth is never entirely wanting, that there is only one ovule in the cell of the ovary, that stipules are very frequent, that calciumoxalate is characteristic (it is wanting in Eucommia) and that the superficial suberization is subepidermal in the Urticales and epidermal in Eucommia. After the Urticales the Euphorbiaceae-Hippomaneae seem to be the nearest of kin, on account of a number of anatomical and morphological characters. However, the Euphorbiaceae usually possess a 3-celled ovary, a 2-celled one occasionally occurs in the Hippomaneae. Next follow the Hamamelidaceae which have, however, two fertile carpels but of which Distylium and Altingia show a reduction in the perianth and the latter moreover a similar leaf shape.
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  • 83
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    A new Strychnos from Borneo (Loganiaceae) (1966)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.14 (1966) nr.1 p.230
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A subsp. maingayi praecipue characteribus sequentibus differt: Folia 13 cm longa, 5½ cm lata. Inflorescentiae praecipue axillares, tenerae, 1½—2 cm longae, 3—11-florae, glabrae. Flores 4- vel 5-meri. Calyx heterosepalus, sepala dua 1.2 mm longa, tria 0.8 mm longa, omnia ovata, obtusa, extus glabra, ciliolata, intus sparse adpresse brevepilosa. Corolla 4 mm longa; petala sublibera, lanceolata, acuta, apice papillosa. Filamenta 3 mm longa; antherae deltoideae, ½ mm longae, glabrae, thecis lateraliter longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Pistillum 2¾ mm altum, glabrum. BORNEO. Sarawak: Bt Mersing, Anap, c. 200 m alt., fl. 24-8-1964, Sibal ak Luang S. 21957 (L, Typus) river bank, 15 ft tall climber with pale yellow flowers.
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  • 84
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    Substanzbegriff und systematik (1934)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.1 (1934) nr.1 p.160
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Bei der Einteilung der Organismen, welche in dieser Arbeit mir von botanischem Gesichtspunkt betrachtet wird, ist die Frage nach „wesentlichen” Merkmalen oder Einteilungsgründen von grosser Wichtigkeit. Es ist die Frage nach der Substanz (Essenz) und den akzidentellen Merkmalen. Der Substanzbegriff entstammt der Aristotelischen Logik und Metaphysik. Aeltere Botaniker, die sich die prinzipiellen Grundlagen ihres Systems klarzustellen versuchen, sind z.B. Cesalpin und Ray. Cesalpin kommt in seiner Auffassung der Substanz Aristoteles sehr nah. Ray, obwohl öfters noch Aristotelisch beeinflusst, hat eine typisch empiristische Auffassung der Substanz, wodurch er sich den Ansichten LOCKEs anschliesst. Auch in den modernen Theorien treten substantielle Formen auf. Driesch stellt seine Entelechie gleich Substanz, aber diese ist in der Systematik jetzt noch nicht anwendbar. Vavilov hat in seinem Begriff „Radikal” eine substantielle Form, die der Aristotelischen sehr nahe steht, indem sie durch Abstraktion dargestellt worden ist. Diese Form ist sehr brauchbar, sagt aber nur wenig aus. Von genetischer und physiologischer Seite versucht man Funktionsbegriffe einzuführen, welche jetzt aber in der Biologie nur eine sehr beschränkte Anwendung finden können. Ungeachtet ihrer Bedeutung, mit für die Systematik, kann man in letzterer Wissenschaft die festen, beharrlichen substantiellen Formen nicht entbehren, weil ohne diese jetzt noch keine Systematik möglich ist.
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  • 85
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    Some galls from the island of Enggano (1940)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.3 (1940) nr.3 p.405
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The island of Enggano is the most southern of a series of islands situated parallel to the Western coast of Sumatra. In 1936 the island was visited by Dr. W. J. LüTJEHARMS, who stayed there from the end of May to the beginning of July collecting materials for the Herbaria at Buitenzorg and Leiden. During this excursion he also collected some zoocecidia, which were sent to me for classification by the Director of the Rijksherbarium, Leiden. The collection consists of 16 galls on various plants; many of them were already known as occurring in other parts of the Malay Archipelago; others are new, these are marked with an asterisk. A collection of 16 galls is actually to small to give insight into the wealth of galls of this tropical island; so far, however, nothing was known about the galls of the island, and since it is unlikely that the place will before long again be examined as to its galls, I deemed it worthwile to describe this small collection.
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  • 86
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    Pollen of Sarawakodendron (Celastraceae) and some related genera, with notes on techniques (1969)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.17 (1969) nr.1 p.97
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: 1. A simple technique for acetolysis of small quantities of polliniferous (herbarium) material is described and notes on pollen photomicrography are presented. 2. Pollen grains of Sarawakodendron and six related genera, consisting of twenty-nine mostly Malesian species, have been examined and recorded. 3. The result of pollen study on Kokoona and Lophopetalum agrees with the generic delimitation based on gross morphology. 4. At least four pollen types have been found in the genus Lophopetalum on examination of all the species involved. 5. The pollen of Sarawakodendron shows a great resemblance to that of the related genera Xylonymus and Kokoona. 6. The pollen of Hedraianthera and Brassiantha resembles that of Sarawakodendron, Kokoona, and Xylonymus in aperture configuration, but differs in sculpture and shows in this respect similarity to the pollen of the African Salacighia. 7. In Kokoona coarseness of reticulate sculpture appears correlated with anther characters. This genus can also be easily distinguished from Lophopetalum by its single pollen grains. 8. Parallels are found between the pollen types in Lophopetalum and those in Hippocratea (sens. str.).
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  • 87
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    Ruthiella, a new generic name for Phyllocharis Diels, 1917, non Fée, 1824 (Campanulaceae) (1966)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.13 (1966) nr.1 p.127
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In Taxon 10 (1961) 261, a proposal was published to conserve the generic name of the Papuan genus Phyllocharis Diels, 1917, against Phyllocharis Fée, Essai Crypt. (1824) lix, xciv, t. ii, fig. 3 & 7, a name for a genus of Lichens. Fée was the only author who ever recognized it; it was reduced by Montagne about 15 years later and this reduction was accepted by all later lichenologists. As a matter of fact an experienced lichenologist was one of the three botanists who endorsed the proposal by undersigning it. Therefore, no harm would have come from accepting the proposal and this would have been distinctly useful for stabilizing the generic name Phyllocharis in the Campanulaceae, not only for the few botanists working in New Guinea, but for all handbooks and monographs on the family. It is precisely for this purpose that there is the provision in the Rules to conserve generic names. No useful purpose is pursued to drop established names if it is reasonable to maintain them, which I strongly think it is in this case. The proposal has unfortunately been found redundant by the majority of the Subcommittee for Phanerogams (Taxon 12, 1963, 238) and was rejected. This necessitates the creation of a new generic name and the transfer of the epithets. Ruthiella Steen. nom. nov. — Phyllocharis Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 55 (1917) 122, non Fée, 1824; Wimmer, Pfl. Reich Heft 107 (1953) 724; Tuyn, Fl. Mai. I, 5 (1960) 137.
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  • 88
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    Reviews (1966)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.14 (1966) nr.2 p.355
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: This is the second book by professor Meeuse on the phylogenetic morphology of the reproductive organs of the Higher Cormophytes. It is superior to the first *, not only in the get-up, but also in providing some more information on the principles of the author. The core is disclosed in: ‘all we can do is to postulate a phylogenetic genealogy, using all available (palaeobotanical) evidence, and build up the evolutionary sequences in the phylogeny of the organs, the semophyleses, along our framework’. And: ‘Typology is to be checked by fossil data’. We meet the method of the New Morphology, as it was started by H. Hamshaw Thomas. The phylogenetic line depicted leads from the Progymnospermopsida Beck through Cycadopsid Gymnosperms towards Angiosperms. It is impossible to distinguish Angiosperms from Gymnosperms. They are specialised Cycadopsid Gymnosperms, exhibiting polyrheitric angiospermic trends, such as angi-ovuly, double fertilisation, dormant embryo phase, flower types, wood vessels, and aperturate pollen. Some groups have not reached the ultimate level in part of these characters.
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  • 89
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    Florae Malesianae Preacursores XLV. Notes on Rinorea (Violaceae) from Malesia and adjacent regions (1967)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.15 (1967) nr.1 p.127
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: This paper complements the revision which before long will appear in the Flora Malesiana, where a key to all species will be given, and descriptions of the Malesian taxa over their whole area; the few non-Malesian taxa are here described. It accounts for the complete synonymy (147 binomials) and typification, with the literature relating to the regions adjacent to Malesia. An Identification List of all examined specimens was separately issued in the Flora Malesiana Lists, number 27 (1966) 430—442; the Herbaria which supplied the materials are: Arnold Arboretum (A), British Museum, Natural History (BM), Bogor (BO), Brisbane (BRI), Cambridge (CGE), Dehra Dun (DD), Gray Herbarium (GH), Kew (K), Leiden (L), Leningrad (LE), Michigan (MICH), Sydney (NSW), Paris (P), Manila (PNH), Singapore (SING), Utrecht (U), Berkeley (UC), and Washington (US). Thanks are due to the directors of all these institutions.
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  • 90
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    A revision of the genus Cratoxylum Bl. (Guttiferae) (1967)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.15 (1967) nr.2 p.453
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: A complete revision is given of the Indo-Malesian genus Cratoxylum. The subdivision of the genus into 3 sections, as given by Engler (1925) and Corner (1939), has been found correct. The characters by which these sections are discriminated concern the interpetiolar scars on the twig, the type of venation, the occurrence of petal-scales and their shape and size, the shape of the hypogynous scales alternating with the three staminal phalanges, and whether the seeds are surrounded by a wing or are winged on one side only. Each section contains two species. A concise review has been given about the history of the genus, an account of the uses made of it, and the ecology. It appears that almost all species can act as pioneers for which they are fully qualified by their euredaphic requirements and early and abundant seed production. Though some species, notably C. arborescens and C. glaucum, are evergreen, and C. formosum is deciduous, the others are not specifically one or the other way round; in C. maingayi Corner noted that sometimes particular branches shed their leaf. There is no major correlation between leaf-shedding species and seasonal climate regime. A brief summary is given on the morphology, in particular the structure of the inflorescence. Two points have not become entirely clarified, for example, whether all species are always heterodistylous: this should be studied further in the field. Another point is the want of more exact data on the degree in which the ovary is incompletely celled which seems to differ from one species to another, and to compare this with the ovary of the allied Madagascan genus Eliaea (vide infra). C. glaucum excepted all species show a distinct variability. In three species this is grading and no infraspecific taxa can be distinguished in a key on the basis of herbarium material. Within Malesia the variability is more or less of a geographical character and could be classified under clinal variation. This is also the case in C. sumatranum and C. formosum, within which I can distinguish, however, three and two infraspecific taxa respectively, which accordingly have been given racial rank, that is, as subspecies. Within each a still finer distinction might be feasible of subsubraces which mostly coincide with separate islands of Malesia. The closest related genus is the monospecific genus Eliaea Camb. from Madagascar with which it forms a tribe of the Guttiferae. With regard to the exact structure of the ovary claimed to be distinct from that of Cratoxylum a close comparative-morphological study should be made of the ontogeny of the ovary in Eliaea and all species of Cratoxylum. Except from taxa described by Loureiro, Jack, and Blanco, of whose names no types seem to exist, I have for the first time examined type material of all names and checked their detail floral characters which were often not mentioned in the original diagnoses. A listed account of all numbered material on which this study was based will be published in a separate ‘Identification List’.
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  • 91
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    The genus Lophopyxis Hook. f. (Lophopyxidaceae) (1968)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.16 (1968) nr.2 p.321
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: When revising the Icacinaceae from SE. Asia and Malesia recently, my interest was drawn again to the genus Lophopyxis Hook. f. Designated by its author (1887) tentatively as a member of the Euphorbiaceae, it was rejected from this family by Pax as early as 1890. Engler (1893) transferred Lophopyxis to the Icacinaceae as the type of a new subfamily Lophopyxidoideae. Hallier f. (1910) disputed Engler’s view and retained it in the Euphorbiaceae, from which it was excluded again by Pax & Hoffmann in 1931. A possible place in the Rhamnaceae and Flacourtiaceae was considered and rejected by Gilg in 1918; Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. & van Steenis (1966) likewise rejected the former, though its alliance with the Rhamnaceae was firmly expressed by Airy Shaw (1966). Other authors, as Pierre quoted by Boerlage (1890), inserted Lophopyxis in the Saxifragaceae, Schumann (1898) in the Olacaceae, and Ridley (1922) in Bentham’s Olacineae. In more recent times the genus was referred again to the Icacinaceae by Schellenberg (1923) and Kanehira (1931), but excluded from that family by Hallier f. (1921) and Sleumer (1942). Dahl (1955), discussing the pollen morphology of Lophopyxis, stated that the range of pollen forms known to exist within the Euphorbiaceae could include that of Lophopyxis. Erdtman in the newest edition of his ‘Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy’ (1966) still placed it under Euphorbiaceae. Hutchinson (1959), and subsequently Scholz (1964), place it in the Celastraceae. Though Lophopyxis fits in the general circumscription of the Celastraceae, and shares the winged fruit with the subfamily Tripterygioideae, it cannot be placed in the latter, which all have basal ovules, whilst Lophopyxis has pendent (and certainly epitropous) ones. If placed in the Celastraceae, it would keep an isolated position, as, for instance, does Siphonodon. There is thus no certainty as to the right place of this genus, whose gross morphology, wood anatomy, embryology, and pollen morphology is so well known to-day, in one of the established plant families. It therefore seems justified to regard it as the type of a family of its own within the Geraniales-Sapindales-Celastrales. Suggested already by van Tieghem (1897) and Pierre (1897) casually as Lophopyxidacées’, the family was formally described by Pfeiffer (1951) who raised Engler’s Lophopyxidoideae to family rank, and recently conceived by Airy Shaw (1966).
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  • 92
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    Pioneer intertidal population and the related general vertical distribution of marine Algae in Hawaii (1967)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.15 (1967) nr.1 p.95
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The populations of the seaward intertidal ends of the 1955 lava flows in Hawaii were studied during the first few years of their development. Different seral phenomena were recognized such as pioneer colonization, succession, disclimax, and subclimax. The term climax is used as a practical term to denote existence of an equilibrium between the populations and the environment. Appearance of the climax situation seems to be related to stability of the substratum for a period at least as long as six to ten years, but even populations on surfaces as old as 100 years are different from some that are on adjacent prehistoric surfaces.
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  • 93
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    Studies in the Arundinelleae (Gramineae) VIII. The Phylogeny — A Hypothesis (1967)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.15 (1967) nr.2 p.477
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: This study considers the 163 species accepted as belonging to the tribe Arundinelleae (Gramineae) and arranges them into a putative cladogram. A discussion of the rationale is presented, 38 characters are studied for advanced versus primitive states, advancement indices calculated, and trends of variation discussed. The six major groups of Phipps (1966b) are maintained. The phylogeny conforms excellently with the geographical aspects of the continental drift hypothesis though it requires a greater age for the Angiosperms than is generally held to be the case.
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  • 94
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    Materials for a monograph of Freycinetia Gaud. IV. Subdivision of the genus, with fifteen new sections (1968)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.16 (1968) nr.2 p.361
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: The previous subdivision of Freycinetia Gaud. ( Pandanaceae) into two parts, Sect. Oligostigma Warb. and Sect. Pleiostigma Warb. (now called Sect. Freycinetia) has because of numerous additions to our knowledge of the genus become obsolete. Fifteen new sections are proposed, based on natural species-groups, and the original two sections are restricted and redefined. Species not yet adequately known may be termed Freycinetiae imperfectae, when only staminate specimens are known, or incertae sedis. A map showing the distribution of the genus is included.
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  • 95
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    Anatomical and ontogenetic investigations on the morphology of the flowers and the fruit of Scyphostegia borneensis Stapf (Scyphostegiaceae) (1967)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.15 (1967) nr.1 p.107
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: New details could be derived from the study of fixed male and female flowers of Scyphostegia borneensis Stapf. Of prime importance among these is the exact structure of the female reproductive units. They correspond to what are generally recognized as ovules. These anatropous ovules have a constriction separating funicle and raphe, an aril (loid) of mixed character, a distal integumental extension, and a fivelobed exostome. Their placentation is basal. Together, they are enclosed by an urceolate wall consisting of three-trace units which are apically stigmatic. These sterile units form septs growing downwards between the tips of the ovules, giving rise to locules which are open below. The morphological interest of some of these details was discussed. The embryosack development could be followed. The fruit appeared to be a fleshy capsule. The striking similarity with certain formations in the Monimiaceae is not based on affinity. As to the above characters the alleged affinity with the Flacourtiaceae could not be checked because comparable characters in that family have never been studied. However, there is a correspondence with such details known in the Tamaricaceae. Moreover, in the Tamaricaceae the placentation is intermediate between basal and parietal. This was considered to favour the inclusion of the Scyphostegiaceae in the Parietales. Of all the Parietales families they must be nearest to the Flacourtiaceae, as judged from external characters.
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  • 96
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    The mucilage secreting hairs on the young fronds of some Leptosporangiate Ferns (1968)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.16 (1968) nr.1 p.97
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: During a collecting trip to Thailand, as a member of the Thai-Dutch botanical expedition 1965/1966, I was struck by the excessive amount of mucilage sometimes present on the circinnate fronds of several leptosporangiate ferns. This was especially evident in representatives of the monotypic fern family Plagiogyriaceae and the Thelypteroid ferns. The mucilage is secreted by a multitude of minute glandular hairs. In mature leaves the hairs are shrivelled and easily overlooked, or even have disappeared. Moreover, usually only herbarium specimens are available for investigation.
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  • 97
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    Two new families and some new names and combinations in the Algae (1967)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.15 (1967) nr.1 p.91
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In a recent survey of algal taxonomy published for the use of Danish university students, the author (1962, 1966) has introduced some new taxa and names. A few of them express new systematic opinions, and will be separately accounted for. The majority have been made for formal reasons only, and are established here in accordance with the code of nomenclature.
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  • 98
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    A new Dichapetalum from the Solomon Islands (Dichapetalaceae) (1966)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.13 (1966) nr.1 p.162
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Liana dioica (?). Ramuli dense fulvo-tomentosi, glabrescentes, in partibus vetustioribus purpureo-brunnei, passim lenticellati. Folia c. 1 cm longe petiolata, elliptica, 16—20 cm longa, 9—11 cm lata, chartacea, juniora in costa nervisque fulvo-pilosa, matura subglabra, subtus sparse minute glandulosa, basi rotundata parum attenuata, apicem versus gradatim late acuminata, apice ipso obtusa, nervis utroque latere 6—8, curvatis, 2 vel 3 superioribus ante marginem conspicue arcuato-conjunctis. Inflorescentiae breviter (2—5 mm) crasseque pedunculata, ramis 2 scorpioideis c. 1½ cm longis, densifloris, breviter denseque fulvopilosis. Flores unisexuales, gemmis femineis tantum visis. Calyx 5-merus, sepalis 2½—3 mm longis, extus dense fulvo-pilosis, intus sparse appresse breviter pilosis. Petala sat profunde bifida, extus parce appresse pilosa. Staminodia libera, glabra. Disci lobi breves, lati, irregulariter bi- vel trilobati, margine lanati. Ovarium dense fulvo-lanatum, bicarpellatum; stylus 1, brevis, stigmatibus 2 patentibus. Fructus (1-ovulatus) applanato-semiellipsoideus, 20 mm longus, 13 mm latus, 9 mm crassus, dense fulvo-velutinus, sutura lata praedita. Type: Solomon Islands, Treasury Group, Mono Island, T. C. Whitmore BSIP 4175, 28-4-1964 (holotype in L, isotype in BSIP), ‘Secondary forest on rocky sandstone slope behind village. Woody climber with the forest canopy. Flowers cream. Fruits pinkorange, containing a single orange seed.’
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A new species of Listera from Nepal (Orchidaceae) (1966)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.14 (1966) nr.1 p.237
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Affinis L. longicauli King & Pantling, a qua tamen differt magnitudine minore totius plantae, racemis brevioribus, labello angustiore lineari-lanceolato, sepalis lateralibus 3—4-plo. longiore ad apicem bifido. Herba terrestris, erecta, gracilis, 6—20 cm alta, radicibus carnosis fibrosis e rhizomate brevi; caulis glaber, 3.5—12.0 cm longus infra folia, 1.0—1.5 mm crassus, unica vagina ornatus ad 2—4 cm supra rhizoma, vagina ca 5 mm longa, ca 2 mm lata. Folia sessilia, ovatocordata, ad apicem acuta, 1.5—3.0 cm longa et lata, membranacea, pallide viridia infra, glabra, tenuiter 5—7-nervia. Racemi 3—8 cm longi, glandulari-puberuli, supportantes flores 4—12, distanter dispositos in axillis bractearum, flore infimo 1—2 cm supra folia. Bracteae florales ovato-acuminatae, glabrae, ovario stipitato breviores. Pedicelli 3—6 mm longi. Flores pallide virides, glabri, 1—2 cm longi. Sepala subaequalia, membranacea. Sepalum dorsale ovato-lanceolatum, erectum, 2.0—2.5 mm longum, ca 1.5 mm latum. Sepala lateralia ovato-lanceolata, subfalcata, paulum reflexa, 3—4 mm longa, 1.5—2.0 mm lata. Petala lineari-lanceolata, angustata, 2.5—2.75 mm longa, 0.8—1.0 mm lata. Labellum amplum, 3—4-plo. longior sepalis lateralibus, lineari-lanceolatum, latum in medio, fastigatum ad utrumque apicem, 3—5-nervium, 8—13 mm longum, 2.0— 2.5 mm latum, membranaceum; apice breviter bifido, lobis anguste obtusis, sinu brevissimo. Columella 2.5—3.0 mm longa, acute curvata ad apicem, rostello brevi, hebete; pollinis 2, pyriformibus. Ovarium ca 4 mm longum, tenuiter obconicum, glabrum. Capsula ca 1 cm longa.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Podocarpus vitiensis in the Maluccas (Taxaceae) (1967)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.15 (1967) nr.2 p.440
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: In a recent paper by Mrs. Gray [J. Arnold Arb. 43 (1962) 74] a new species of Podocarpus was proposed from Morotai, P. filicifolius. Inasmuch as the description of the leaves corresponds exactly with juvenile P. vitiensis (not previously reported from the Moluccas) and the description of the fruit corresponds exactly with P. blumei (whose range includes the Moluccas), it was of interest to confirm whether the fruit in question was attached to the foliage material described. An examination of the specimen ( Kostermans 1949), in Leyden revealed that the fruit was collected separately and that sterile specimens of P. blumei were also collected in the general vicinity ( Kostermans 1660, 50 m). Dr. van Steenis kindly wrote to Dr. Kostermans concerning the particulars of the collection of these specimens. Kostermans writes: ‘Kostermans 1215 of G. Pare-Pare, 1000 m (apparently the same as the unnumbered specimen in Leiden), I picked from a sterile treelet c. 3 m high. There is an unidentified specimen of it in Herb. Bog., which looks to me like P. vitiensis.’ ‘Kostermans 1660 is also sterile. I remember to have cut a large tree in Morotai which fell into a ravine after cutting and remained out of reach; that was a Podocarpus and presumably we have picked some fruits from the ground.’ ‘I quite well remember the collecting of P. vitiensis on top of G. Pare-Pare; almost all of it (?) was sterile, but still I found it necessary to collect samples. P. neriifolius was certainly on this ridge, but no P. blumei.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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