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  • Other Sources  (3,752)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (2,550)
  • MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES  (1,202)
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  • 1970-1974  (3,752)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: A software/hardware system designed and developed to perform automated video imagery analysis is described. Major elements included in the analysis system are: (1) sampling oscilloscope; (2) programmable trigger unit; (3) central computer; and (4) software processing library. The function of the scope and trigger unit, in conjunction with the control computer, is to digitize the selected portion of the video image and store as amplitude and time data in computer memory. Evaluation of the video data, analogus to interpretation of a visual image, is accomplished by the processing software. It is indicated that this technique of video image analysis is applicable to a wide variety of nonaerospace applications involving video data and image analysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 181-188
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Problems of laboratory simulation of artificial earth satellite flight conditions in the ionosphere are examined, and a setup capable of reproducing the basic parameters of ion flows (with energies of 5-10 eV, energy spectrum width approximately 2x5 eV, and an intensity of 10 to the minus 8th power a/cm/2) past measurement instruments and satellite models is described. Possibilities for further improvement of the apparatus are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 282-291
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A real time, computerized, measurement method for the effective perceived noise level is reported that uses comparison of two sounds differing in level and frequency to obtain the noise intensity emitted by aircraft and to calculate human psychoacoustic annoyance reactions.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 224-232
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An objective method and apparatus for noise control and acoustic diagnostics of motorcar engines are reported. The method and apparatus let us know whether the noisiness of the vehicle under test exceeds the admissible threshold levels given by appropriate standards and if so what is the main source of the excessive noise. The method consists in measuring both the overall noise level and the sound pressure levels in definite frequency bands while the engine speed is controlled as well and may be fixed at prescribed values. Whenever the individually adjusted threshold level has been exceeded in any frequency band, a self-sustaining control signal is sent.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 198-204
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Noise sources in pneumatic drills are studied bringing to light the fact that air exhaust is the most important source. The present state of the art of noise control is discussed for pneumatic percussion drills abroad, indicating the different solutions adopted in this respect. Drills produced in Rumania are described and the results of noise measurements are shown.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 177-181
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Results of experimental research on the noise and vibrations of radial ball and roller bearings are reported. Analysis of the frequency spectra disclosed dependences among vibration and noise, load, rpm and cage material. Some peculiar aspects of the frequency spectrum are also mentioned.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 131-135
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Noise sources in gears and ways of improving their silence by profile shape alterations and wheel surface smoothness are discussed. Practical results obtained, from the noise point of view are reported, for textile machinery.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 124-130
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The influence of profile displacements on the acoustic pressure level of running gears is studied. The conclusion is reached that extra polar gears function well, reducing the acoustic pressure level by about 2-3 db which, at the level of the total noise of 80-90 db, can be easily felt. This result can be explained by the fact that in this gear the pitch point is situated outside of the gearing segment, so that a certain change in the direction of the friction force between the tooth flanks is eliminated.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 118-123
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An original mathematical model is proposed to derive equations for calculation of gear noise. These equations permit the acoustic pressure level to be determined as a function of load. Application of this method to three parallel gears is reported. The logical calculation scheme is given, as well as the results obtained.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 112-117
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Experimental results and conclusions are presented about the noise characteristics of gears as a function of their operating conditions. The interpretive possibilities offered by real time noise and vibration spectrum analysis are emphasized. The noise reducing effects of light weight insulation boxes are also discussed.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 104-111
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A mechano-acoustic model is reported for calculating acoustic energy radiated by a working gear. According to this model, a gear is an acoustic coublet formed of the two wheels. The wheel teeth generate cylindrical acoustic waves while the front surfaces of the teeth behave like vibrating pistons. Theoretical results are checked experimentally and good agreement is obtained with open gears. The experiments show that the air noise effect is negligible as compared with the structural noise transmitted to the gear box.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 98-103
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The acoustic analysis method permits detection of any cracks that might take place and their manner of propagation. The study deals with the cracks produced in experiments to determine the welding technology for a welded gray cast iron workpiece by using piezoelectric transducers to determine vibration acceleration.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 93-97
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  • 13
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A seismic torsiometer is described which is based on the reception by a photosensitive transducer of a light flux modulated by a relative rotation of the optical axes of two polaroids. The torsional vibrations of the polaroid fixed to the shaft are transmitted to the other polaroid (which at the same time is the seismic mass of the apparatus) by means of elastic lamellas. The device can work as accelerometer, vibrometer or frequency meter, depending on the value of the ratio between the proper oscillation frequency of the seismic system and the measured vibration frequency.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 68-72
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The demands placed upon vibration and noise measuring instruments are discussed. The instruments that are now being manufactured in the RSR are described, as well as those that are being made ready for manufacture, namely: the VP-3 portable vibrometer, the N2103 precision electronic vibrometer, the N2103 B sonometric preamplifier, as well as vibration transducers of the electrodynamic and piezoelectric types.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 62-67
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: After discussing the principal calibration methods for piezoelectric accelerometers, an experimental setup for accelerometer calibration by the reciprocity method is described It is shown how the use of a lock-in voltmeter eliminates errors due to viscous damping and electrical loading.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 55-61
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An absolute two-sided radiometer, designed on the principle of replacing absorbed radiant energy with electrical energy, is described. The sensitive element of the detector is a thermoelectric transducer of thermal flux. The fabrication technology, methods of measurement, technical characteristics, and general operation of the instrument are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 95-101
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: American equipment for drilling in the lunar surface is discussed, with emphasis on rotary-percussive methodology and core-sample retrieval techniques.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Current Concepts Regarding the Moon (NASA-TT-F-766); p 192-205
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A measurement system using a deceleration probe was designed for determining the local values of gas and liquid mass flux in various gas/liquid droplet sprayfields. The system was used to characterize two-phase flowfields generated by gas/liquid rocket-motor injectors. Measurements were made at static pressures up to 500 psia and injected mass flow ratios up to 20. The measurement system can also be used at higher pressures and in gas/solid flowfields.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The AEROS Neutral Atmosphere Temperature Experiment (NATE) is designed to measure the kinetic temperature of molecular nitrogen in the thermosphere. A quadrupole mass spectrometer tuned to N2 measures the N2 density variation in a small spherical antechamber having a knife-edged orifice which is exposed to the atmosphere at the outer surface of the spacecraft. The changing density of N2 due to the spinning motion of the spacecraft permits determination of the velocity distribution of the N2 from which the temperature is calculated. An alternate mode of operation of the instrument allows measurement of the other gases in the atmosphere as well as N2 permitting determination of the neutral particle composition of the atmosphere.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Zeitschrift fuer Geophysik; 40; 5, 19; 1974
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  • 20
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A CO2 laser Doppler detection system has been developed to measure remotely the true airspeed of an aircraft. The system uses a 50-W sealed-off CO2 laser in a homodyne detection system employing a collinear optical telescope, a HgCdTe detector, and a frequency tracking loop. The system was successfully flight-tested on a NASA Convair 990 research aircraft during December 1971 and June 1972. The results indicate that an airspeed measurement under clear weather conditions is feasible up to an altitude of 3000 m with an error of less than 0.5%.-
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Dec. 197
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary data are given for the SAS-2 high energy galactic gamma ray observation. These data include both latitude and longitude distributions. The longitude distribution shows a high density region. The latitude distributions toward the center and the anti-center are markedly different, the former showing a two-component structure of half-widths of approximately 3 and 6 deg. The energy spectrum in the range 35 to 200 MeV is hard, consistent with cosmic ray interactions with interstellar matter, including neutral pions decay and emission from energetic electron interactions. The data is consistent with an interpretation in terms of the confinement of the cosmic rays in the spiral arms.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 201-204
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  • 22
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A description of the joint design, materials, equipment, qualification testing, inspection methods, and applications involved in performing induction brazing on hyperbolic propellants tubing at Kennedy Space Center. Induction brazing is a form of brazing in which the energy is transmitted to the workpiece by electrical induction; the eddy currents generated in the metal produce heat by resistance losses. Since induction heating is fast and highly localized, undesirable heat effects are minimized and the resulting braze is of high quality.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
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  • 23
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The performances of a wedge-type gas-sampling probe and pitot probes are compared in applications to flowfield profile studies. The flow structure data obtained by these techniques are found to agree well in flow regions with and without significant gradients. The wedge-type probe showed a good service life and allowed a substantial reduction of the sampling time. The wedge probe design is discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Sept
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: We present a new technique for the correction of atmospheric distortion in telescope images. Most of this distortion arises from a random phase variation of the incoming light across the telescope aperture. This variation limits the resolving power of even large telescopes to about one arc second. If the sharpness of the images is defined in a suitable way, this sharpness is maximized only when the phase distortion of the incoming light is zero. We present computer simulations of a simple feedback system in which active optical elements, set to maximize the sharpness, correct most of the atmospheric distortion. Photon statistics set the limiting magnitude of the object for which a practical feedback system can work. Details in a sixth magnitude object smaller than 0.1 sec of arc should be resolvable. The system can be conveniently employed within existing telescopes.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Society of America; vol. 64
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A systematic performance analysis of aplanatic Cassegrainian telescopes has been accomplished by means of a ray trace program. The results indicate that the available field angle for a given geometric spot size is, to a very close approximation, a function of the relative back focal distance only. Image curvatures, as computed by third-order theory and by the ray trace program, were found to be in very close agreement. Image curvature is plotted as a function of the ray height ratio for a wide range of secondary magnification.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Software application or development in optical image digital data processing requires a fast, good quality, yet inexpensive hard copy of processed images. To achieve this, a Cambo camera with an f 2.8/150-mm Xenotar lens in a Copal shutter having a Graflok back for 4 x 5 Polaroid type 57 pack-film has been interfaced to an existing Adage, AGT-30/Electro-Mechanical Research, EMR 6050 graphic computer system. Time-lapse photography in conjunction with a log to linear voltage transformation has resulted in an interactive system capable of producing a hard copy in 54 sec. The interactive aspect of the system lies in a Tektronix 4002 graphic computer terminal and its associated hard copy unit.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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  • 27
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of impact tests on large, fiber composite fan blades for aircraft turbofan engine applications are discussed. Solid composite blades of two different sizes and designs were tested. Both graphite/epoxy and boron/epoxy were evaluated. In addition, a spar-shell blade design was tested that had a boron/epoxy shell bonded to a titanium spar. All blades were tested one at a time in a rotating arm rig to simulate engine operating conditions. Impacting media included small gravel, two inch diameter ice balls, gelatin and RTV foam-simulated birds, as well as starlings and pigeons. The results showed little difference in performance between the graphite and boron/epoxy blades. The results also indicate that composite blades may be able to tolerate ice ball and small bird impacts but need improvement to tolerate birds in the small duck and larger category.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: SAMPE Quarterly; 5; July 197
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The use of silicone rubber adhesive (particularly, G.E. RTV-108) for sealing large leaks in high vacuum systems subject to mechanical and thermal stresses is shown to be more effective than that of epoxy cements. The sealant is applied externally to the leak while the system is partially evacuated so that it is drawn into the hole.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology; 11; July-Aug
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An interferometric device designed to be located in the focal plane of a large astronomical telescope is presented. The prime application is for the forthcoming large space telescope. The device is to perform interferometry on the optical wavefront arising from a single star after it has propagated through the telescope. The concept of a focal plane figure sensor has been experimentally verified by fabricating and testing an operating laboratory breadboard figure sensor. A set of linear independent control equations are derived that define the operations for utilizing a focal plane figure sensor in the control loops for the positioning of the secondary mirror and for the active control of the primary mirror optical figure. A number of scientific experiments that could be performed with the interferometer are also briefly discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Aug. 197
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Raman scattering technique was applied to measure the local static temperature and gas number density over a sharp-edge flat-plate model in a Mach 5 nozzle of the Langley nozzle test chamber with air as the test gas. The angle of attack varied from -5 to 15 deg, and the stagnation temperature varied from 317 to 442 K, with stagnation pressures ranging from 170 kN to 2.8 MN/sq m. The measured values of static temperature and density ranged from 60 to 100 K and from 0.03 to 0.8 kg/cu m, respectively. A comparison with calculated values based on static pressure measurements along the model shows that the Raman scattering technique is a viable measurement method in applications to high-speed three-dimensional flows.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Aug. 197
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  • 31
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of an aluminized alloy coating technique that involves first the application of a ductile, oxidation-resistant overlay, such as NiCrAl, which is then partially aluminized. The duplex protective system has performance advantages over conventional aluminide coatings in that it provides higher-temperature hot corrosion resistance over a longer service life.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Metal Progress; 106; Aug. 197
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Determination of the properties of the system transfer function of the vertical-velocity propeller anemometer. A treatment of this problem is presented which is based on an analysis of estimates of the system transfer function derived from estimates of spectra calculated from time histories of indicated vertical velocity and on estimates of the associated input Eulerian vertical-velocity frequency spectra based on the hypothesis that instrument degradation of the Fourier components occurs in the inertial subrange.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Boundary-Layer Meteorology; 6; May-June
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An upconverter has been used to convert infrared photons from astronomical sources to higher frequency quanta that were detected with a pulse-counting photomultiplier photometer. It is pointed out that these observations represent the first successful astronomical demonstration of infrared upconversion. Upconversion is carried out in an optically nonlinear medium, which in the upconverter described is a lithium iodate crystal. A 0.6943-micrometer high peak power ruby laser pump was developed for the demonstration.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nature; 249; June 14
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The autoranging scanning system discussed combines in a unique way four different methods for removing noise. The system employs a narrow-band amplifier. Other noise reduction methods make use of digital summation, convolution numbers, and the coaddition of scans. The system was designed to digitize the output of an infrared spectrometer and to record it on magnetic tape. Light passes through a mechanical light chopper and the spectrometer optics, and falls on the PbS cell to produce a signal which is amplified by the first preamplifier.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; July 197
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  • 35
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some recent developments in coherent optical processing are described in this paper. Specifically, the use of one or more elementary gratings to perform useful processing operations and computer-generated spatial filters to obtain generalized transforms are discussed. Applications incorporating nonlinear optical elements and optical feedback into the processing system are also presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 13; May-June
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurements taken in a Mach-2.9 turbulent boundary layer are shown to demonstrate the ability of a laser velocimeter to measure the turbulence transport properties of high-speed compressible flows. This demonstrated ability, combined with the nonperturbing quality and relative insensitivity to environmental conditions of the laser velocimeter, opens the way to compressible flow measurements never considered possible with more conventional measurement techniques.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; May 1974
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of techniques for detecting and reducing to negligible values beam-radiation reflection and scattering in high vacuum target chambers used in beam foil experiments. It is suggested that all target chambers be checked in the manner described in order to discover and reduce intensity variations that may not be obvious on the usual beam-foil decay curves.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; June 197
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results of friction and thermal tests of molded polyimide and pyrrone polymers are presented. The coefficient of sliding friction up to surface velocities of 2 m/sec and the coefficient of thermal expansion from 300 to 500 K were measured. An apparatus was constructed to measure simultaneously the coefficient of sliding friction and the friction-generated temperature. Measurements were made at a nominal pressure-velocity product of 0.25 MN/msec and at temperatures between 300 and 500 K.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Polymer Engineering and Science; 14; Apr. 197
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  • 39
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: When making photographs in X rays or gamma rays with a multiple-pinhole camera, the individual images of an extended object such as the sun may be allowed to overlap. Then the situation is in many ways analogous to that in a multiplexing device such as a Fourier spectroscope. Some advantages and problems arising with such use of the camera are discussed, and expressions are derived to describe the relative efficacy of three exposure/postprocessing schemes using multiple-pinhole cameras.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 45; Apr. 197
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; Jan. 197
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is described for measuring heat transfer gaps from neutron radiographs. The method involves scanning the radiograph negative with a recording microdensitometer to obtain a trace of the optical density variation across the diameter of the capsule. The optical density change representing the gap is measured from the microdensitometer trace and related to the physical measurement. Heat transfer gaps from 0.061 to 0.178 cm have been determined by this technique and agree with preassembly physical measurements to plus or minus 0.005 cm.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Materials Evaluation; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design and construction is described of a package of X-ray telescopes launched in the NASA satellite Copernicus (OAO-3), which began stellar observations in September 1972. It contains three grazing incidence reflectors covering a range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 8 nm, and having a combined collecting area of 40.9 sq cm, with angular resolutions up to 1 minute of arc. This is believed to be the first satellite application of such reflectors in stellar X-ray astronomy. A collimated detector of wavelengths 0.1-0.3 nm has a 17.8 sq cm collecting area. A visible light star tracker detects package misalignment if this should occur.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Physics; vol. 7
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  • 43
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An instrument was designed and built that measures the light scattered at several angles in the forward direction simultaneously. The instrument relies on an optical multiplexing technique for frequency encoding of the different channels suitable for detection by a single photodetector. A Mie theory computer program was used to calculate the theoretical volume scattering function for a suspension of polystyrene latex spheres. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental volume scattering functions is taken as a verification of the calibration technique used.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Mar. 197
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple but useful formula describing the effect of electron gun pulse width on the time of flight (TOF) spectra measured in translational spectroscopy experiments is developed. An approximately monoenergetic pulsed electrostatically focused electron beam traverses a scattering cell filled with a Maxwellian gas. Inelastic electron collisions with the gas produce metastable particles, ions, scattered electrons, and photons which then pass through a collimating slit system at right angles to the electron beam. TOF techniques are used to separate the photon signal from the metastable particle signal and to measure the TOF distribution of the metastable species.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 45
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An optical displacement sensor is described in which only a pair of large-diameter fibers is used rather than a branched bundle of many small-diameter fibers. The basic idea of the two-fiber sensor is that the axes of the fibers are at an angle to one another at the sensor face, rather than parallel as is the case for the many-fiber configuration. The sensitivity of this two-fiber sensor is approximately the same as the most sensitive configuration of the many-fiber sensor.-
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 46
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two configurations of an automatic bidirectional, fringe-counting corner-cube interferometer are compared. They differ only in the method of quadrature phase introduction. The one using polarization coding has good phase stability at optical path differences as large as 955 mm, the one using adjacent beams has such poor phase stability as to render it useless at path differences greater than 700 mm. A useful well-defined alignment procedure is given for the corner-cube interferometer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The application of holography to thermal stress studies is discussed. Interference fringes as produced by holograms and their interpretation are reviewed in relation to workpiece displacement. Three potential mechanisms are given to explain thermal displacement as detected by holographic methods. Results of some thermal stressing studies are reported, including tests on a live rocket motor.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Materials Evaluation; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 48
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The requirements involved in choosing ultrasonic devices, the factors that affect testing, and recommended calibration methods are discussed. The ultrasonic testing method is the only method that up to now permits detection of defects in welded joints of great thickness. The results are conditioned by the performances of the devices employed as well as by the degree of instruction of the personnel.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 199-203
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  • 50
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On the basis of study of the electrolytic polishing of metal pieces, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Utilization of ultrasonically irradiated electrolytes in the electrolytic polishing of copper and steel pieces leads to enhanced polishing quality. (2) Polishing time for the reference pieces was twice as long as for the test pieces. (3) The chemical attack exerted on the surface of the test pieces in order to get the structure of the respective metal lasted less than half as long and yielded superior qualitative results in the copper as well as in the OT 60-2 steel test pieces polished with ultrasonically irradiated electrolytes. (4) The utilization of higher polishing current densities can be explained by the fact that the cavitational effect that arises in the electrolyte owing to ultrasounds contributes to an increase in the solution's electrical conductivity and elimination of gases from the electrolyte.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 210-214
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  • 51
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A nonlinear sonic system is described that includes a delay line. Short-lived pulses with a high repetition frequency circulate through the system. The analysis was carried out by defining the reflection factor at the load and then dividing the input pulse according to duration into sections of appropriate width. The response was determined for each section, the response to the whole pulse being given by the sum of the responses at the sections. This makes it possible to broach the synthesis of a sonic system that will give an output pulse of the desired form.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 177-182
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Thermoelectrets of polymers with stable surface charge on either side have been found to attract ions and charged particles to their surfaces. To assess their applicability to the control of atmospheric contamination, polytetraethylene (teflon) electrets are exposed to vapors coming from volatile mixtures over periods up to 90 min. Use is made of mass spectrometry for the analysis of teflon electret characteristics. It is found that even small quantities of the liquids in the mixture gives its characteristic mass spectra and that the peak height represents a measure for the quantity of the material collected over the electret surface, with the collected quantity being proportional to the duration of exposure.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Environmental Letters; 7; 3, 19; 1974
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A gamma-ray spectrometer has been flown on the Apollo 15 and 16 spacecraft to determine the lunar-surface composition and measure the cosmic gamma-ray flux. The instrument included a NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal coupled to a 7.6-cm photomultiplier tube, a plastic mantle for anti-coincidence rejection of charged particles, and 511 channels of analysis. Boom-mounted operation permitted a significant reduction in the background. The data were transmitted on an event-by-event basis. About 22% of the lunar surface was mapped and spectra of the cosmic gamma-ray flux over an energy range of 0.065-27.5 MeV have been obtained.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods; 118; 1974
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  • 54
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A spark-chamber track-finding program has been written. The accuracy of the location of the track is good, and if the chamber contains many spurious sparks the computation time is much less than the time used by a least-squares fit routine. Multiple tracks can be found and interaction vertices can thereby be determined.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 28; Sept
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The selection of the optimum frequency for a measuring generator for determining the value of the hydrophysical parameter with a given degree of accuracy is discussed. Methods from information theory for measuring generators are described. Conversion of the frequency of generators into digital form by means of statistical averaging is also described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Automation of the Collection and Analysis of Sci. Inform. in the Probl. of the Interaction of the Atmosphere and Ocean (NASA-TT-F-801); p 80-84
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is discussed for photographic reduction of blurring which utilizes only a single photograph. No special equipment which is not available in practically any photographic laboratory is required to carry out the technique.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 67-74
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  • 58
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Photography and photochemical processing of the film in spacecraft phototelevision systems involve several aspects which require an approach to selection of the handling process which differs from that used under ground conditions, different processing technology, and different construction of the instrument for carrying out the processing. Soviet processing techniques and equipment are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 59-66
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A multi-slit shadow direction sensor of jalousie type (JDS) was developed to provide a simple, highly reliable tracking system to guide a rotating mirror toward the sun so that the reflected light would illuminate the input slit of a photoelectric spectrometer. The operating principle and stability are considered as well as determination of initial signal level at the output of each photosensor. A procedure is recommended for calculation of a JDS. Both one- and two-coordinate sun direction sensors are described and considered for use in the tracking system of a photoelectric spectrometer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 65-87
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: When photographic equipment is miniaturized, in order to conserve weight and size for spacecraft use, by using wide angle, short focus lenses, a band-type central between-the-lens shutter must be used. The rectangular slot shape was the form with the highest optical efficiency. To overcome the problem of burrs caused in the punching out of the slots in a carbon steel band, a shape limited by arcs with radius equal to half the slot width is preferred.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 42-47
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  • 61
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-07
    Description: Geoscience instrumentation systems are considered along with questions of geoscience environment, signal processing, data processing, and design problems. Instrument platforms are examined, taking into account ground platforms, airborne platforms, ocean platforms, and space platforms. In situ and laboratory sensors described include acoustic wave sensors, age sensors, atmospheric constituent sensors, biological sensors, cloud particle sensors, electric field sensors, electromagnetic field sensors, precision geodetic sensors, gravity sensors, ground constituent sensors, horizon sensors, humidity sensors, ion and electron sensors, magnetic field sensors, tide sensors, and wind sensors. Remote sensors are discussed, giving attention to sensing techniques, acoustic echo-sounders, gamma ray sensors, optical sensors, radar sensors, and microwave radiometric sensors.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 63
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The exploration of the interplanetary medium and the magnetospheres of the outer planets requires the implementation of magnetic field measuring instrumentation with wide dynamic range, high stability, and reliability. The fluxgate magnetometers developed for the Pioneer 11 and Mariner-Jupiter-Saturn missions are presented. These instruments cover the range of .01 nT to 2 million nT with optimum performance characteristics and low power consumption.
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Skylab S-193 altimeter experiment utilizes a 10- and 100-ns pulse length, 13.9-GHz earth-pointed radar system to obtain earth-surface backscatter measurements from the Skylab spacecraft. Objectives of the experiment are to obtain precision measurements of surface profile for uses in geodesy, oceanography, and earth physics, and to measure radar-signal characteristics from an earth-orbit geometry to provide design information for future radar remote-sensors. The technical approach is that of measuring the power impulse response of the scattering surface. The hardware is designed to operate in five modes: waveform or impulse-response measurement and altitude determination; radar cross-section experiment; signal correlation experiment; 10-nsec pulse-compression evaluation; and nadir-seeker experiment.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE; vol. 62
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The possibility of applying the principles of holography and optical data processing in the control of self-propelled space vehicles is considered. Various methods of controlling space vehicles are described: (1) by the results of comparing the image with the standard hologram; (2) by holographic images transmitted over moon earth communications channels; and (3) on the basis of using autotelevision cameras with a three dimensional screen. Procedures are presented for obtaining the standard holograms. The structural organization of the microprogrammed automaton controlling the movement of the space vehicle is also presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 111-142
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The methods for monitoring the presence of foreign bodies in radio electronic equipment are discussed. Descriptions of the structural design under the operating principle of the device for detecting foreign bodies weighing to 0.0026 grams are given.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 100-102
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Peculiarities are described of the manufacturing process and the control of elements of slit collimators, the structural design of the required equipment and the process or assembling the collimators.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 89-91
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method follows for applying a mirror reflecting layer to the surfaces of parts, instruments, apparatus, and so on. A brief analysis is presented of the existing methods of obtaining the mirror surface and the advantages of the new method of obtaining the mirror surface by polymer casting mold are indicated.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 84-88
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The small module geared coupling of an undulatory transmission is considered. Versions of the manufacture of gears with internal coupling and the instruments and equipment used, are reported.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 77-79
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The process of manufacturing grids, the peculiarities of the structural design, the fittings, the requirements on the tools and work area are discussed.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 80-83
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The average labor of individual types of operations in the percentage ratio of the total labor consumption of manufacturing scientific instruments and apparatus for space research is presented. The prospective areas in the production technology of billet, machining, mechanical assembly, installation and assembly, adjustment and regulation and testing and control operations are noted. Basic recommendations are made with respect to further reduction of labor consumption and an increase in the productivity of labor when manufacturing scientific equipment for space research.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 69-76
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The development of a potentiometric servosystem is described that has a dc microservomotor, which is the built in drive of an undulatory reducing gear. The operation of the system and the structural design of the undulatory reducing gear are elaborated. Results are presented from analyzing some tests of various types of undulatory reducing gear generators.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 44-53
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study was made of the efficiency of solid lubricating coatings, based on MoS2 with various binders, during friction and under highvacuum conditions. Mass spectrometry was used for an analysis of the composition of the gas evolved from the coatings in the friction process. It is shown that the vacuum level, loading, and sliding velocity influence coating effectiveness. In the friction process the solid lubricant coatings yield characteristic decay products associated with the chemical nature of the binders. The mechanism of coating breakdown during friction is associated with the binder breakdown mechanism.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 99-112
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A brief review of studies on low-temperature friction are briefly reviewed. A facility and technique for studying friction both in air and in vacuum at temperatures of +20 and -190 C is described. Results of a wear study of structural steels operating together with chromium steel are presented. It is shown that reduction of the test temperature in vacuum leads in certain cases to marked increase of the wear magnitude and friction coefficient. This is associated not only with the general change of the mechanical properties of the materials but also with the influence of temperature reduction on the hardening and structural formation taking place in the surface layers during friction.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 65-75
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The solar spectrum at the surface of the earth is analyzed. A facility for creating concentrated solar radiant energy flux is described, and data on its energetic capabilities are presented. The technology of solar welding by the fusion technique and joining by high-temperature brazing is examined. The use of concentrated solar radiant energy for welding and brazing metals and alloys is shown. The results of mechanical tests and microscopic and macroscopic studies are presented.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Space Studies in the Ukraine, No. 1 (NASA-TT-F-15535); p 9-18
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  • 76
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The basic aspect of parallel-surface lubrication that distinguishes it from other areas of lubrication technology is that classical lubrication theory does not predict the existence of a stable hydrodynamic film for steady-state, isothermal, incompressible flow between smooth, parallel surfaces. Hydrodynamic films between apparently parallel surfaces have been observed in practice and are often essential for the reliable performance of thrust bearings and seals. In order to account for this fortunate discrepancy between classical theory and experiment, load-support mechanisms relating to accidential features characteristic of seal performance, which relax one or more of the assumptions in the classical theory and permit the theoretical prediction of load support are proposed. Some of the features that have been analyzed are vibratory effects such as wobble and bounce, surface waviness, nonsymmetric rotation resulting from various types of misalignment, lubricant density change, non-Newtonian lubricant effects, and surface roughness.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NBS The Role of Cavitation in Mech. Failures; p 77-87
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  • 77
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design and construction of an ultrasonic frequency electronic power generator are discussed. The principle design elements of the generator are illustrated. The generator provides an inductive load with an output power of two kilowatts and a variable output frequency in the fifteen to thirty KiloHertz range. The method of conducting the tests and the results obtained with selected materials are analyzed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 33-39
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The development of methods for the nondestructive study of concrete structures is discussed. The nondestructive test procedure is based on the method of ultrasonic pulse transmission through the material. The measurements indicate that the elastic properties of concrete or other heterogeneous materials are a function of the rate of ultrasonic propagation. Diagrams of the test equipment are provided. Mathematical models are included to support the theoretical aspects.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 27-32
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method of studying thin plate vibrations with the aid of a laser beam is discussed. Through a suitable combination of time-average holographic interferometry, real-time holographic interferometry, and heterodyne optical detection, it is possible to obtain complete information on the vibration parameters of modes, amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. The method has the advantage of three dimensional global observation, noncontact, and high precision measurements.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 7-14
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  • 80
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The development of a system of ultrasonic holography is discussed. The limitations of the acousto-optical transformers, the scanning method, and the Pohlman cell are analyzed. The application of the free liquid surface deformation method is emphasized. The test equipment required for the liquid surface deformation method is described. An illustration of a typical test installation is provided.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 1-6
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The criteria for the stability of the subharmonic, harmonic, or superharmonic oscillations determine the relation between acoustic field parameters and particle parameters. The derived formulas underlie the destruction of the fragile Widmanstatten structure in weldings and therefore the designing of the generators that must be used for this welding process.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 131-138
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The exposure of saturated hydrocarbons to ultrasound (800 kHz, 6 W/sq cm) in the presence of water results in: (1) cleavage of the carbon chain, producing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with a lower number of carbons than the initial hydrocarbon (cracking); and (2) recombination after cleavage, producing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with a higher number of carbons than the initial hydrocarbon (reformation). The addition of argon facilitates these phenomena. The effects are attributed to a homolytic (radical) mechanism occurring within the cavitation bubbles under the effects of microsparks.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 139-147
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  • 83
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results of an investigation indicate the following: (1) The deposition of incrustations on the heating surfaces of steam boilers can be prevented by inserting between heating surface and water an insulating layer on which the boiler incrustation will be deposited. (2) The insulating layer reduces the coefficient of heat transmission by 2%. (3) The insulating layer can be removed by macrosounds with a frequency of about 20 kHz, after any interval of boiler operation.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 126-130
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: During the treatment of an electric welding arc with ultrasonic oscillations, an improvement was found in overall source-arc stability. Theoretical explanations are provided for this phenomenon and formulas of equivalence between the classical arc and the treated arc are derived, taking stability as their criterion. A knowledge of this phenomenon can be useful in extending the applications of ultrasounds to different forms of electric arcs.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 118-125
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  • 85
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Holography with standing surface plasma waves, where both reference and object beams propagate in opposite directions, has been investigated using an Al reflection grating coated with evaporated As2S3 layers. The image, which appears only for p-polarization and at certain critical angles, is enhanced by the Lippman-Bragg effect and by an increase in intensity over ordinary holography approximately equal to the absolute value of the real part of the dielectric constant for Al. Also considered is holography with object light alone in photoresist layers, using the beam-splitting properties of the grating.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optics Communications; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology; 11; Sept
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Comparison of lidar and in situ measurements of stratospheric aerosol profiles obtained by backscattered ruby laser light and by direct in situ sampling over Laramie, Wyoming, on two nights in mid-September 1972. The lidar backscattering and the particle number density profiles correlated well. Based on these initial comparative experiments, the ground-based lidar coupled with temperature soundings appears to be a possible method for determining the relative aerosol profile under given stratospheric loading conditions.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is described for use in the fabrication of glancing incidence telescopes which operate at large grazing angles (i.e., 8 to 15 degrees). Precision conic section plunge laps are used in a controlled grinding procedure to initially generate imaging surfaces which have a minimum of subsurface damage. A numerically controlled Moore Number 3 Measuring Machine is used throughout the fabrication procedure. Surface geometry accuracies on the order of one-tenth micron have been achieved.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 13; Mar
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: The development of flight test instrumentation systems based on specific requirements for the flight tests is discussed. The factors which influence the instrumentation system design are described. The use of a measurements list as a device for determining flight test requirements is explained. A block diagram of a typical flight test instrumentation system is provided. The effects of factors such as cost, schedule, personnel, accuracy, environmental qualifications, and reliability are analyzed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AGARD AGARD Flight Test Instrumentation Ser., Vol. 1; 9 p
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple method for detecting bacteria, based on the time of hydrogen evolution, was developed and tested against various members of the Enterobacteriaceae group. The test system consisted of (1) two electrodes, platinum and a reference electrode, (2) a buffer amplifier, and (3) a strip-chart recorder. Hydrogen evolution was measured by an increase in voltage in the negative (cathodic) direction. A linear relationship was established between inoculum size and the time hydrogen was detected (lag period). Lag times ranged from 1 h for 1 million cells/ml to 7 h for 1 cell/ml. For each 10-fold decrease in inoculum, length of the lag period increased 60 to 70 min. Based on the linear relationship between inoculum and lag period, these results indicate the potential application of the hydrogen-sensing method for rapidly detecting coliforms and other gas-producing microorganisms in a variety of clinical, food, and other samples.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; May 1974
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The feasibility of performing Raman and laser velocimeter measurements simultaneously is demonstrated, and it is shown that the background radiation associated with the Mie scattering and large particulate concentrations does not saturate or distort the relatively weak rotational Raman signals. Under stringent conditions of low static gas densities and large particulate concentrations, Raman density and temperature measurements agree to within plus or minus 5% of the calculated values.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Oct. 197
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  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The present work describes a scheme for a noise suppression system to be used with an afocal coherent optical data processor. The noise averaging scheme is based on the simple principle of moving input and output film planes together during exposure; the noise pattern remains stationary while the desired (filtered) image moves through it. The noise suppression system consists of a drive motor, right-angle gear box, reversing gear assemblage, right-angle gear drive, and micrometer adjusting translation tables. The device was tested by using a Sayce target containing fundamental spatial frequencies from 5 lines/mm to 100 lines/mm as the input signal. The output was photographed on Pan-X 35-mm film with and without the noise suppression system in operation. Microdensitometer scans of the exposed output film show that without noise averaging, resolution is good to about 80 lines/mm, while with noise averaging, it is good to about 35 lines/mm. A brief analysis of errors in the mechanical parts of the system reponsible for the upper limit of resolution is presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An X-band radar capable of continuously variable transmitted pulse durations down to 1 nsec is being flown to investigate the interaction of radar altimeter signals with the sea surface. There is good agreement between the observed radar altimeter leading edge rise time for a 1-nsec transmitted pulse and the rise time predicted from the radar parameters and the sea state determined by a laser profilometer. Using a threshold tracker on 29-pulse averages for a transmitted pulse of 24 nsec, it was found that the range noise varied linearly with the power level of the threshold over a considerable range. The altimeter range quantization was 9.35 cm, and a minimum range noise of 3.9 cm was obtained. A comparison of pulse-to-pulse correlation observed in the radar data with that predicted by a Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain a measure of sea surface scatterer motion.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Radio Science; 9; Aug
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that many space-manufacturing processes will require the manipulation of weightless molten material within a container in such a way that the material does not touch the container wall. A description is given of an acoustical method which can be used for the positioning and shaping of any molten material including nonconductors such as glasses. The new approach makes use of an acoustical standing wave which is excited within an enclosure or resonator.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 12; July-Aug
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The use of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) to search for transferred polymer must contend with the fact that there has been no published work on Auger analysis of polymers. Since this is a new area for AES, the Auger spectra of polymers and of halogenated polymers in particular is discussed. It is shown that the Auger spectra of halogenated polymers have certain characteristics that permit an assessment of whether a polymeric transfer film has been established by sliding contact. The discussion is general and the concepts should be useful in considering the Auger analysis of any polymer. The polymers chosen for this study are the halogenated polymers polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polychlorotrifluorethylene (PCTFE).
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 45; July 197
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Woodworking often requires the wood to be bent into different shapes. In view of the fact that macrosonic waves compress and expand the medium through which they are being propagated we assumed that wood subjected to the action of these waves during the bending process would have enhanced plasticity as a result of the loosening-up that takes place in it, as well as of the reduction in effort. To this effect, the bending of wood plasticized in a macrosonic field was studied. This bending took place under good conditions, and structural analyses conducted with the aid of an electron microscope proved initial premises to be corrent. Applied on an industrial scale, this procedure would contribute to improving the technology of wood bending as well as to eliminating factory spoilage.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 234-237
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results are discussed which were obtained with a new method of desorption of collector reagents connected with improving the selectivity of the flotation of copper and lead concentrate through the action of ultrasounds. Analysis of the results obtained by treating copper and lead concentrate in an ultraacoustic field indicates an increase in the copper content of the copper concentrate, of the lead content in the lead concentrate and, at the same time, a reduction in the lead of the copper concentrate.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 112-117
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In the case of macrosonic drawing, it was experimentally determined that tube eccentricity is less than in the case of tube drawing without macrosonics. On this basis, a theoretical analysis was carried out of the effect of macrosounds on tube eccentricity, an analysis that qualitatively confirms the experimental data.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-15663); p 102-111
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The results are discussed of studies of the influence of macrosounds on a metal's friction and deformation conditions at the focus of deformation, on the mechanical characteristics of cold-drawn tubes, and on the dynamic stability of the focus of deformation. In the course of these studies, experimental equipment was developed and perfected. Under the proposed conditions the cold drawing of tubes on an ultrasonically activated plug turned out to be viable and efficient.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 89-96
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  • 100
    facet.materialart.
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation was conducted to extend the technology of powder product manufacturing to new forms and sizes, to improve their quality as well as pressing efficiency and to reduce waste. In the course of metal and nonmetal powder briquette pressing, macrosounds were associated with the external static pressing force, which led to an increase in the relative height, density and physicomechanical characteristics of the briquettes. This method permits the extension of the range of products that can be manufactured from powders and the improvement of their quality.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 77-83
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