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  • Other Sources  (2,722)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (2,556)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Humans
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 1970-1974  (2,716)
  • 1950-1954  (6)
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Source
Keywords
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Automated analysis of video data (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-07
    Description: A software/hardware system designed and developed to perform automated video imagery analysis is described. Major elements included in the analysis system are: (1) sampling oscilloscope; (2) programmable trigger unit; (3) central computer; and (4) software processing library. The function of the scope and trigger unit, in conjunction with the control computer, is to digitize the selected portion of the video image and store as amplitude and time data in computer memory. Evaluation of the video data, analogus to interpretation of a visual image, is accomplished by the processing software. It is indicated that this technique of video image analysis is applicable to a wide variety of nonaerospace applications involving video data and image analysis.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Chamber of Commerce Proc. of the 1st 1974 Technol. Transfer Conf.; p 181-188
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  • 2
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    Apparatus for calibration of on-board instruments and laboratory modelling of rarefied plasma flows past models (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Problems of laboratory simulation of artificial earth satellite flight conditions in the ionosphere are examined, and a setup capable of reproducing the basic parameters of ion flows (with energies of 5-10 eV, energy spectrum width approximately 2x5 eV, and an intensity of 10 to the minus 8th power a/cm/2) past measurement instruments and satellite models is described. Possibilities for further improvement of the apparatus are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 282-291
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  • 3
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    Short-range repulsive forces between atoms and molecules of atmospheric gases (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Experimental determination of the paired interaction potential of atoms and molecules composing the atmospheres of the earth and the planets is described.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 275-281
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  • 4
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    An investigation of the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the moon on the Luna 10, 11, and 12 artificial lunar satellites (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Research on the primary cosmic radiation and solar cosmic rays from the Luna 10, 11, and 12 artificial lunar satellites is reviewed. Data on the vertical distribution of cosmic rays above the moon's surface are presented, and the albedo for the primary radiation is determined. The fluxes of electrons with energies from 30 to 300 keV were registered in the solar cosmic rays. Rapid variations of the electron flux were observed. The angular distributions of 0.5-10 MeV protons moving together with the corpuscular streams responsible for Forbush decreases were investigated.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 151-173
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  • 5
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    Structural formations in the interplanetary medium (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Research on the fine structure of the interplanetary medium is reviewed. The characteristics of shock waves, filaments, and contact surfaces according to space probe measurements are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 103-123
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  • 6
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    High-frequency turbulence in the cosmic plasma (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The problem of quasistationary high frequency Langmuir turbulence, which is one of the types of turbulence encountered in the cosmic plasma, is examined theoretically.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 83-102
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  • 7
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    Dissipation of energy in model experiments (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Interaction studies of a plasma stream with a magnetic dipole have shown that the thickness of the plasma/field interlayer is considerably greater than the characteristic plasma dimension c/omega sub 0. Broadening of the layer is due to the formation of a collisionless shock wave. To demonstrate collisionless dissipation, the Joulean losses were calculated using the conductivity value obtained from the skin layer thickness. Analysis of the various physical processes showed that the hypothesis of collisionless dissipation of the directional plasma flow is justified.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 59-67
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  • 8
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    Certain problems in the physics of the magnetosphere (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A review of experimental and theoretical studies devoted to analysis of physical processes in the magnetosphere is presented. Attention is focused on the interrelationships among the most important geophysical phenomena in the magnetosphere: magnetic storms, auroras, the radiation belts, and processes in the geomagnetic tail. Recommendations are submitted for future experiments that are needed for development of a theory of magnetospheric phenomena.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Interplanet. Medium and Phys. of the Magnetosphere (NASA-TT-F-784); p 1-33
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  • 9
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    Use of conventional equipment to measure the effective perceived noise level of aircraft (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A real time, computerized, measurement method for the effective perceived noise level is reported that uses comparison of two sounds differing in level and frequency to obtain the noise intensity emitted by aircraft and to calculate human psychoacoustic annoyance reactions.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: the 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 224-232
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  • 10
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    An objective method and measuring equipment for noise control and acoustic diagnostics of motorcars (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An objective method and apparatus for noise control and acoustic diagnostics of motorcar engines are reported. The method and apparatus let us know whether the noisiness of the vehicle under test exceeds the admissible threshold levels given by appropriate standards and if so what is the main source of the excessive noise. The method consists in measuring both the overall noise level and the sound pressure levels in definite frequency bands while the engine speed is controlled as well and may be fixed at prescribed values. Whenever the individually adjusted threshold level has been exceeded in any frequency band, a self-sustaining control signal is sent.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 198-204
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  • 11
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    Photoelectronic vibrometer with polarized light (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A seismic torsiometer is described which is based on the reception by a photosensitive transducer of a light flux modulated by a relative rotation of the optical axes of two polaroids. The torsional vibrations of the polaroid fixed to the shaft are transmitted to the other polaroid (which at the same time is the seismic mass of the apparatus) by means of elastic lamellas. The device can work as accelerometer, vibrometer or frequency meter, depending on the value of the ratio between the proper oscillation frequency of the seismic system and the measured vibration frequency.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 68-72
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  • 12
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    Vibration and noise measuring instruments built in the RSR (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The demands placed upon vibration and noise measuring instruments are discussed. The instruments that are now being manufactured in the RSR are described, as well as those that are being made ready for manufacture, namely: the VP-3 portable vibrometer, the N2103 precision electronic vibrometer, the N2103 B sonometric preamplifier, as well as vibration transducers of the electrodynamic and piezoelectric types.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 62-67
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  • 13
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    Contributions to the problem of piezoelectric accelerometer calibration (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: After discussing the principal calibration methods for piezoelectric accelerometers, an experimental setup for accelerometer calibration by the reciprocity method is described It is shown how the use of a lock-in voltmeter eliminates errors due to viscous damping and electrical loading.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 55-61
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  • 14
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    Instruments for measuring radiant thermal fluxes (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An absolute two-sided radiometer, designed on the principle of replacing absorbed radiant energy with electrical energy, is described. The sensitive element of the detector is a thermoelectric transducer of thermal flux. The fabrication technology, methods of measurement, technical characteristics, and general operation of the instrument are presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 95-101
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  • 15
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    Determination of local values of gas and liquid mass flux in highly loaded two-phase flow (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A measurement system using a deceleration probe was designed for determining the local values of gas and liquid mass flux in various gas/liquid droplet sprayfields. The system was used to characterize two-phase flowfields generated by gas/liquid rocket-motor injectors. Measurements were made at static pressures up to 500 psia and injected mass flow ratios up to 20. The measurement system can also be used at higher pressures and in gas/solid flowfields.
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  • 16
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    Neutron stars with main sequence binary companions as low luminosity X-ray sources (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 37; 1, De; Dec. 197
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  • 17
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    The neutral atmosphere temperature experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The AEROS Neutral Atmosphere Temperature Experiment (NATE) is designed to measure the kinetic temperature of molecular nitrogen in the thermosphere. A quadrupole mass spectrometer tuned to N2 measures the N2 density variation in a small spherical antechamber having a knife-edged orifice which is exposed to the atmosphere at the outer surface of the spacecraft. The changing density of N2 due to the spinning motion of the spacecraft permits determination of the velocity distribution of the N2 from which the temperature is calculated. An alternate mode of operation of the instrument allows measurement of the other gases in the atmosphere as well as N2 permitting determination of the neutral particle composition of the atmosphere.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Zeitschrift fuer Geophysik; 40; 5, 19; 1974
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  • 18
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    The interaction of interstellar gas with stellar density wave packets (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: We have numerically studied the interaction between interstellar gas and a gravitational perturbation produced by a fluctuation in the stellar mass distribution. For a simple equation of state, shock waves develop even if the gravitational perturbation is aperiodic and transient. In a medium which can change thermal phase, shocks do not form and the gas makes a transition directly to the cold, dense phase. The cold material has an anomalous velocity imparted to it by the gravitational perturbation and it becomes an accretion front moving through the hot gas and capturing it. The accretion fronts trigger thermal phase change on a large scale and can reproduce the extent of observed cold clouds. Furthermore their high mass is favorable to gravitational instability and subsequent star formation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 36; 2, No; Nov. 197
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  • 19
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    The Apsidal-motion test for models of main-sequence stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Apsidal-motion constants, k2, have been determined for models of homogeneous main-sequence stars constructed with the new 'Thomas-Fermi' opacities of Carson. These models are similar to those constructed with the 'hydrogenic' opacities of Cox and Stewart up to about 7 solar masses, but yield smaller values of k2 at higher masses. Nevertheless, the new theoretical constants are still systematically too large compared with most of the empirical constants known for members of well-observed binary systems. Uniform rotation is found to lower the theoretical constants only slightly. The effect of normal evolution during core hydrogen burning, however, produces good detailed agreement with observations. The primary of alpha Vir is probably evolving normally if Carson's opacities are adopted.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 20
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    Main sequence models for massive zero-metal stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Zero-age main-sequence models for stars of 20, 10, 5, and 2 solar masses with no heavy elements are constructed for three different possible primordial helium abundances: Y=0.00, Y=0.23, and Y=0.30. The latter two values of Y bracket the range of primordial helium abundances cited by Wagoner. With the exceptions of the two 20 solar mass models that contain helium, these models are found to be self-consistent in the sense that the formation of carbon through the triple-alpha process during premain sequence contraction is not sufficient to bring the CN cycle into competition with the proton-proton chain on the ZAMS. The zero-metal models of the present study have higher surface and central temperatures, higher central densities, smaller radii, and smaller convective cores than do the population I models with the same masses.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Nov. 197
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  • 21
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    Airborne laser Doppler velocimeter (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A CO2 laser Doppler detection system has been developed to measure remotely the true airspeed of an aircraft. The system uses a 50-W sealed-off CO2 laser in a homodyne detection system employing a collinear optical telescope, a HgCdTe detector, and a frequency tracking loop. The system was successfully flight-tested on a NASA Convair 990 research aircraft during December 1971 and June 1972. The results indicate that an airspeed measurement under clear weather conditions is feasible up to an altitude of 3000 m with an error of less than 0.5%.-
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Dec. 197
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  • 22
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    Interplanetary sector structure - 1970-1972 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Determinations of interplanetary sector structure for the years 1970-1972 reveal the persistence of sector patterns during the decreasing portion of the solar cycle. The simple two-sector pattern of 1969 persists through 1970 but develops greater complexity in 1971-1972.-
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Dec. 1
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  • 23
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    Distinctive patterns on the surface of slowly rotating stars whose oscillations are nonlinearly coupled (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Slowly rotating stars which are oscillating at small amplitude in a broad spectrum of g-modes should display strong surface nonuniformities if even weak nonlinear coupling exists between the modes. Oscillatory power will be concentrated into distinctive patterns which rotate rigidly in spite of differential rotation in the outer stellar layers. Each pattern rotates at a constant rate slower than the star as a whole according to a very simple law of rotation. Virtually all the rotation rates are within 9 per cent of the stellar rate. Evidence is cited that the sun may be oscillating, so other stars along the main sequence may be oscillating, also. If zones obeying the predicted rotation law can be detected in a star, then the rotation rate of the stellar interior becomes known, and differential rotation is negligible over most of the stellar mass.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 24
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    The ethynyl radical C2H - A new interstellar molecule (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Four new interstellar lines have been detected near 87.3 GHz. Based on laboratory ESR data these lines have been positively defined as hyperfine components of the lowest rotational transition of the ethynyl radical C2H. The observations gave precise values for the C2H rotation, spin-doubling, and hyperfine constants. C2H is probably one of the most abundant interstellar polyatomic molecules yet detected.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 25
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    Influence of opacity on the pulsational stability of massive stars with uniform chemical composition. II - Modified Kramers opacity (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The pulsational stability of massive, chemically homogeneous stars of Population I has been investigated for a range of simple opacity representations consisting of a straight sum of electron-scattering and modified Kramers opacity. The critical mass for stability against nuclear-energized pulsations is found to be extraordinarily sensitive to small changes in the coefficient and/or temperature exponent of the absorption part of the opacity law. A gradual increase in the atomic absorption (dominant near the stellar surface) first raises the critical mass, then restricts the upper mass limit for instability, and finally eliminates pulsational instability at all masses.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 26
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    Equation of state at ultrahigh densities. I (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Particular attention is given to the physics involved in the derivation of an equation of state for a density range from 10 g/ccm to 200,000 billion g/ccm and for the density region from 200,000 billion g/ccm to 2,000,000 billion g/ccm. Conditions in a high density regime with densities exceeding 500,000 billion g/ccm are examined. Equations of state for a gas of pure neutrons and for a gas of nucleons, electrons, and hyperons are considered.
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  • 27
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    Cometary coma ions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: For comets whose nuclei are composed of water ice conglomerates it is shown that the ion H3O(+) can predominate to distances of 5000 km in the subsolar direction. Beyond this distance H2O(+) is the most important ion. The crossover point is a sensitive function of the rate of evaporation from the nucleus. The presence of ammonia or metals such as sodium, in concentrations greater than 0.1% H2O, can lead to NH4(+) and Na(+) ions.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 28
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    An empirical line-blanketing study of Am stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Metallic line-blanketing coefficients have been measured over the wavelength range from 3800 to 4700 A in a sample of 20 Am and normal A stars. An expression for the logarithmic iron abundance has been calibrated in terms of effective temperature and a mean line-blocking coefficient. This makes it possible to determine the atmospheric iron abundance in sharp-lined Am and A stars with an accuracy of better than plus or minus 0.1 dex, using only line-blocking measurements and a photometric effective temperature.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 29
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    Li production in alpha-alpha reactions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The cross section for Li-7 production in alpha-alpha reactions is shown to be increased by about a factor of 2 due to the excitation levels of Li-7 and Be-7 at 478 keV and 431 keV, respectively. The cross section for Li-6 production, however, remains the same as calculated on the basis of the detailed balance principle. The lines at 478 keV and 431 keV may link Li-7 production to feasible gamma-ray observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 34; 3, Se; Sept
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  • 30
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    SAS-2 observations of gamma rays from the galactic plane (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary data are given for the SAS-2 high energy galactic gamma ray observation. These data include both latitude and longitude distributions. The longitude distribution shows a high density region. The latitude distributions toward the center and the anti-center are markedly different, the former showing a two-component structure of half-widths of approximately 3 and 6 deg. The energy spectrum in the range 35 to 200 MeV is hard, consistent with cosmic ray interactions with interstellar matter, including neutral pions decay and emission from energetic electron interactions. The data is consistent with an interpretation in terms of the confinement of the cosmic rays in the spiral arms.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 201-204
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  • 31
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    Evaluation of a wedge gas-sampling probe (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The performances of a wedge-type gas-sampling probe and pitot probes are compared in applications to flowfield profile studies. The flow structure data obtained by these techniques are found to agree well in flow regions with and without significant gradients. The wedge-type probe showed a good service life and allowed a substantial reduction of the sampling time. The wedge probe design is discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Sept
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  • 32
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    Real-time correction of atmospherically degraded telescope images through image sharpening (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: We present a new technique for the correction of atmospheric distortion in telescope images. Most of this distortion arises from a random phase variation of the incoming light across the telescope aperture. This variation limits the resolving power of even large telescopes to about one arc second. If the sharpness of the images is defined in a suitable way, this sharpness is maximized only when the phase distortion of the incoming light is zero. We present computer simulations of a simple feedback system in which active optical elements, set to maximize the sharpness, correct most of the atmospheric distortion. Photon statistics set the limiting magnitude of the object for which a practical feedback system can work. Details in a sixth magnitude object smaller than 0.1 sec of arc should be resolvable. The system can be conveniently employed within existing telescopes.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Society of America; vol. 64
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  • 33
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    Aplanatic two-mirror telescopes: A systematic study. I - Cassegrainian configuration (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A systematic performance analysis of aplanatic Cassegrainian telescopes has been accomplished by means of a ray trace program. The results indicate that the available field angle for a given geometric spot size is, to a very close approximation, a function of the relative back focal distance only. Image curvatures, as computed by third-order theory and by the ray trace program, were found to be in very close agreement. Image curvature is plotted as a function of the ray height ratio for a wide range of secondary magnification.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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  • 34
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    Image reproduction with interactive graphics (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Software application or development in optical image digital data processing requires a fast, good quality, yet inexpensive hard copy of processed images. To achieve this, a Cambo camera with an f 2.8/150-mm Xenotar lens in a Copal shutter having a Graflok back for 4 x 5 Polaroid type 57 pack-film has been interfaced to an existing Adage, AGT-30/Electro-Mechanical Research, EMR 6050 graphic computer system. Time-lapse photography in conjunction with a log to linear voltage transformation has resulted in an interactive system capable of producing a hard copy in 54 sec. The interactive aspect of the system lies in a Tektronix 4002 graphic computer terminal and its associated hard copy unit.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Sept
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    Stellar interferometer for figure sensing of orbiting astronomical telescopes (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An interferometric device designed to be located in the focal plane of a large astronomical telescope is presented. The prime application is for the forthcoming large space telescope. The device is to perform interferometry on the optical wavefront arising from a single star after it has propagated through the telescope. The concept of a focal plane figure sensor has been experimentally verified by fabricating and testing an operating laboratory breadboard figure sensor. A set of linear independent control equations are derived that define the operations for utilizing a focal plane figure sensor in the control loops for the positioning of the secondary mirror and for the active control of the primary mirror optical figure. A number of scientific experiments that could be performed with the interferometer are also briefly discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Aug. 197
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  • 36
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    Raman scattering applied to hypersonic air flow (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Raman scattering technique was applied to measure the local static temperature and gas number density over a sharp-edge flat-plate model in a Mach 5 nozzle of the Langley nozzle test chamber with air as the test gas. The angle of attack varied from -5 to 15 deg, and the stagnation temperature varied from 317 to 442 K, with stagnation pressures ranging from 170 kN to 2.8 MN/sq m. The measured values of static temperature and density ranged from 60 to 100 K and from 0.03 to 0.8 kg/cu m, respectively. A comparison with calculated values based on static pressure measurements along the model shows that the Raman scattering technique is a viable measurement method in applications to high-speed three-dimensional flows.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Aug. 197
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  • 37
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    The response of a propeller anemometer to turbulent flow with the mean wind vector perpendicular to the axis of rotation (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Determination of the properties of the system transfer function of the vertical-velocity propeller anemometer. A treatment of this problem is presented which is based on an analysis of estimates of the system transfer function derived from estimates of spectra calculated from time histories of indicated vertical velocity and on estimates of the associated input Eulerian vertical-velocity frequency spectra based on the hypothesis that instrument degradation of the Fourier components occurs in the inertial subrange.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Boundary-Layer Meteorology; 6; May-June
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  • 38
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    Astronomical demonstration of an infrared upconverter (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An upconverter has been used to convert infrared photons from astronomical sources to higher frequency quanta that were detected with a pulse-counting photomultiplier photometer. It is pointed out that these observations represent the first successful astronomical demonstration of infrared upconversion. Upconversion is carried out in an optically nonlinear medium, which in the upconverter described is a lithium iodate crystal. A 0.6943-micrometer high peak power ruby laser pump was developed for the demonstration.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nature; 249; June 14
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  • 39
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    An autoranging scanning system and compatible methods of noise reduction (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The autoranging scanning system discussed combines in a unique way four different methods for removing noise. The system employs a narrow-band amplifier. Other noise reduction methods make use of digital summation, convolution numbers, and the coaddition of scans. The system was designed to digitize the output of an infrared spectrometer and to record it on magnetic tape. Light passes through a mechanical light chopper and the spectrometer optics, and falls on the PbS cell to produce a signal which is amplified by the first preamplifier.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; July 197
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  • 40
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    Mathematical operations by optical processing (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some recent developments in coherent optical processing are described in this paper. Specifically, the use of one or more elementary gratings to perform useful processing operations and computer-generated spatial filters to obtain generalized transforms are discussed. Applications incorporating nonlinear optical elements and optical feedback into the processing system are also presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 13; May-June
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  • 41
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    Turbulence measurements in a Mach 2.9 boundary layer using laser velocimetry (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurements taken in a Mach-2.9 turbulent boundary layer are shown to demonstrate the ability of a laser velocimeter to measure the turbulence transport properties of high-speed compressible flows. This demonstrated ability, combined with the nonperturbing quality and relative insensitivity to environmental conditions of the laser velocimeter, opens the way to compressible flow measurements never considered possible with more conventional measurement techniques.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; May 1974
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  • 42
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    Detection and elimination of reflections in beam-foil target chambers (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of techniques for detecting and reducing to negligible values beam-radiation reflection and scattering in high vacuum target chambers used in beam foil experiments. It is suggested that all target chambers be checked in the manner described in order to discover and reduce intensity variations that may not be obvious on the usual beam-foil decay curves.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; June 197
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  • 43
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    Multiplex imaging with multiple-pinhole cameras (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: When making photographs in X rays or gamma rays with a multiple-pinhole camera, the individual images of an extended object such as the sun may be allowed to overlap. Then the situation is in many ways analogous to that in a multiplexing device such as a Fourier spectroscope. Some advantages and problems arising with such use of the camera are discussed, and expressions are derived to describe the relative efficacy of three exposure/postprocessing schemes using multiple-pinhole cameras.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 45; Apr. 197
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  • 44
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    Pressure transducer method for measuring gas production by microorganisms (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; Jan. 197
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  • 45
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    Measurement of capsule heat transfer gaps using neutron radiography (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is described for measuring heat transfer gaps from neutron radiographs. The method involves scanning the radiograph negative with a recording microdensitometer to obtain a trace of the optical density variation across the diameter of the capsule. The optical density change representing the gap is measured from the microdensitometer trace and related to the physical measurement. Heat transfer gaps from 0.061 to 0.178 cm have been determined by this technique and agree with preassembly physical measurements to plus or minus 0.005 cm.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Materials Evaluation; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 46
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    Design of an X-ray telescope system for an orbiting astronomical observatory (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design and construction is described of a package of X-ray telescopes launched in the NASA satellite Copernicus (OAO-3), which began stellar observations in September 1972. It contains three grazing incidence reflectors covering a range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 8 nm, and having a combined collecting area of 40.9 sq cm, with angular resolutions up to 1 minute of arc. This is believed to be the first satellite application of such reflectors in stellar X-ray astronomy. A collimated detector of wavelengths 0.1-0.3 nm has a 17.8 sq cm collecting area. A visible light star tracker detects package misalignment if this should occur.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Physics; vol. 7
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  • 47
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    Multichannel forward scattering meter for oceanography (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An instrument was designed and built that measures the light scattered at several angles in the forward direction simultaneously. The instrument relies on an optical multiplexing technique for frequency encoding of the different channels suitable for detection by a single photodetector. A Mie theory computer program was used to calculate the theoretical volume scattering function for a suspension of polystyrene latex spheres. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental volume scattering functions is taken as a verification of the calibration technique used.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Mar. 197
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  • 48
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    Effect of electron beam pulse width on time-of-flight spectra (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple but useful formula describing the effect of electron gun pulse width on the time of flight (TOF) spectra measured in translational spectroscopy experiments is developed. An approximately monoenergetic pulsed electrostatically focused electron beam traverses a scattering cell filled with a Maxwellian gas. Inelastic electron collisions with the gas produce metastable particles, ions, scattered electrons, and photons which then pass through a collimating slit system at right angles to the electron beam. TOF techniques are used to separate the photon signal from the metastable particle signal and to measure the TOF distribution of the metastable species.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 49
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    A simple two-fiber optical displacement sensor (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An optical displacement sensor is described in which only a pair of large-diameter fibers is used rather than a branched bundle of many small-diameter fibers. The basic idea of the two-fiber sensor is that the axes of the fibers are at an angle to one another at the sensor face, rather than parallel as is the case for the many-fiber configuration. The sensitivity of this two-fiber sensor is approximately the same as the most sensitive configuration of the many-fiber sensor.-
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 50
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    Stability of fringe counting interferometers (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two configurations of an automatic bidirectional, fringe-counting corner-cube interferometer are compared. They differ only in the method of quadrature phase introduction. The one using polarization coding has good phase stability at optical path differences as large as 955 mm, the one using adjacent beams has such poor phase stability as to render it useless at path differences greater than 700 mm. A useful well-defined alignment procedure is given for the corner-cube interferometer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 45; Feb. 197
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  • 51
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    Thermal stress studies using optical holographic interferometry (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The application of holography to thermal stress studies is discussed. Interference fringes as produced by holograms and their interpretation are reviewed in relation to workpiece displacement. Three potential mechanisms are given to explain thermal displacement as detected by holographic methods. Results of some thermal stressing studies are reported, including tests on a live rocket motor.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Materials Evaluation; 32; Mar. 197
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  • 52
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    Analysis and synthesis of a fluid sonic pulse system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A nonlinear sonic system is described that includes a delay line. Short-lived pulses with a high repetition frequency circulate through the system. The analysis was carried out by defining the reflection factor at the load and then dividing the input pulse according to duration into sections of appropriate width. The response was determined for each section, the response to the whole pulse being given by the sum of the responses at the sections. This makes it possible to broach the synthesis of a sonic system that will give an output pulse of the desired form.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 177-182
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  • 53
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    Investigations of electret as a contamination control device (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Thermoelectrets of polymers with stable surface charge on either side have been found to attract ions and charged particles to their surfaces. To assess their applicability to the control of atmospheric contamination, polytetraethylene (teflon) electrets are exposed to vapors coming from volatile mixtures over periods up to 90 min. Use is made of mass spectrometry for the analysis of teflon electret characteristics. It is found that even small quantities of the liquids in the mixture gives its characteristic mass spectra and that the peak height represents a measure for the quantity of the material collected over the electret surface, with the collected quantity being proportional to the duration of exposure.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Environmental Letters; 7; 3, 19; 1974
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  • 54
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    The Apollo gamma-ray spectrometer (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A gamma-ray spectrometer has been flown on the Apollo 15 and 16 spacecraft to determine the lunar-surface composition and measure the cosmic gamma-ray flux. The instrument included a NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal coupled to a 7.6-cm photomultiplier tube, a plastic mantle for anti-coincidence rejection of charged particles, and 511 channels of analysis. Boom-mounted operation permitted a significant reduction in the background. The data were transmitted on an event-by-event basis. About 22% of the lunar surface was mapped and spectra of the cosmic gamma-ray flux over an energy range of 0.065-27.5 MeV have been obtained.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nuclear Instruments and Methods; 118; 1974
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  • 55
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    Spark chamber track finding program (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A spark-chamber track-finding program has been written. The accuracy of the location of the track is good, and if the chamber contains many spurious sparks the computation time is much less than the time used by a least-squares fit routine. Multiple tracks can be found and interaction vertices can thereby be determined.
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  • 56
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    The stability of supermassive stars in the Parametrized Post-Newtonian framework (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The binding energy and stability of supermassive stars (SMS's) are examined in the framework of the Parametrized Post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism of Will and Nordvedt. The PPN formalism encompasses the post-Newtonian limit of virtually every theory of gravity, differentiating between theories by means of nine PPN parameters. A general expression is derived for the energy integral in the PPN framework, and those theories in which the energy will be conserved are defined. In all such theories, a SMS of radius less than a critical radius will be unstable against adiabatic radial perturbations. Present experimental limits on the PPN parameters gamma and beta do not exclude the possibility of the existence of stable, non-rotating, hydrogen-burning SMS's of masses an order of magnitude larger than the upper limit for the mass of such stars predicted in general relativity.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Dec. 197
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  • 57
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    A comparison of homogeneous stellar models based on the Cox-Stewart and Carson opacities (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 58
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    Fine-scale structure of a cold hydrogen layer (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Neutral-hydrogen absorption-line interferometer observations are reported for five continuum radio sources situated behind an extensive layer of cold interstellar H I gas. In contrast to low-spatial-resolution emission-line observations reported earlier which show the large-scale uniformity of the layer, the high-spatial-resolution absorption-line observations reveal variations in the velocity and density within the layer. The new results together with the old indicate the apparent coexistence of a large-scale mechanism for triggering the formation of cold hydrogen and an instability mechanism leading to small-scale irregularities.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 1
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  • 59
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    Degeneracy effects of neutrino mass ejection in supernovae (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A neutrino mechanism is discussed in order to explain supernovae in massive stars. An argument is presented for supernova mass ejection through leptonic neutrino transport characteristics suppressed by the arbitrary zero chemical potential condition. Results show that lepton conservation effects may be important in supernova neutrino transport. At low temperature and density the diffusion approximation becomes less precise because of the long mean free paths of low energy neutrinos. The amount of equilibrium neutrino spectrum affected here is small over most of the collapsing supernova structure.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Nov. 22
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  • 60
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    Gas-tight flask for the concurrent measurement of gas metabolism and growth in methane-oxidizing bacteria (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 28; Sept
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  • 61
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    Weak interstellar lines in the visible spectrum of zeta Ophiuchi (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 1
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  • 62
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    On the theory of thermal runaway in the hydrogen envelope of a white dwarf (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An evolutionary sequence was calculated for a white dwarf on which a hydrogen rich envelope is assumed to increase with time. The stellar models were computed by integrating numerically the system of stellar structure equations by means of the Henyey method. The accretion of matter was assumed to be quasi-static. Near the point of the chemical discontinuity, a temperature maximum is shown to arise, and hydrogen ignites; a thin shell energy source is formed which is thermally unstable. The resulting thermal runaway was investigated numerically and by means of a simple approximation based on the energy balance in the hydrogen burning shell source.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrometrics and Astrophysics, No. 17 (NASA-TT-F-15768); p 1-55
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  • 63
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    The problem of selecting an optimum frequency for a measuring generator in determining the value of the hydrophysical parameter with a given accuracy (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The selection of the optimum frequency for a measuring generator for determining the value of the hydrophysical parameter with a given degree of accuracy is discussed. Methods from information theory for measuring generators are described. Conversion of the frequency of generators into digital form by means of statistical averaging is also described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Automation of the Collection and Analysis of Sci. Inform. in the Probl. of the Interaction of the Atmosphere and Ocean (NASA-TT-F-801); p 80-84
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  • 64
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    Estimates of the Venus atmosphere optical characteristics with application to the problem of photographing its clouds and surface (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Optical parameters investigated and solved for included: (1) cloud layer albedo and cloud cover optical thickness; (2) planetary surface self-radiation influence; (3) light flux distribution as function of atmospheric height; (4) upper estimate of the observed contrasts; (5) surface optical parameters; and (6) contrast decrease with altitude.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 121-135
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  • 65
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    Applicability of the diffusion approximation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Several methods using an approximate form of the scattering indicatrix are discussed for simplifying the calculation of radiation transport in planetary atmospheres.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 75-84
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  • 66
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    Reduction of image blurring on individual aerial photographs (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is discussed for photographic reduction of blurring which utilizes only a single photograph. No special equipment which is not available in practically any photographic laboratory is required to carry out the technique.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 67-74
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  • 67
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    Film processing in scientific spacecraft television systems (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Photography and photochemical processing of the film in spacecraft phototelevision systems involve several aspects which require an approach to selection of the handling process which differs from that used under ground conditions, different processing technology, and different construction of the instrument for carrying out the processing. Soviet processing techniques and equipment are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Iconics (NASA-TT-F-798); p 59-66
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  • 68
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    Multiple-slit shadow device for sensing the direction to a shining object (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A multi-slit shadow direction sensor of jalousie type (JDS) was developed to provide a simple, highly reliable tracking system to guide a rotating mirror toward the sun so that the reflected light would illuminate the input slit of a photoelectric spectrometer. The operating principle and stability are considered as well as determination of initial signal level at the output of each photosensor. A procedure is recommended for calculation of a JDS. Both one- and two-coordinate sun direction sensors are described and considered for use in the tracking system of a photoelectric spectrometer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 65-87
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  • 69
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    Development of the design of a between-the-lens band type photographic shutter (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: When photographic equipment is miniaturized, in order to conserve weight and size for spacecraft use, by using wide angle, short focus lenses, a band-type central between-the-lens shutter must be used. The rectangular slot shape was the form with the highest optical efficiency. To overcome the problem of burrs caused in the punching out of the slots in a carbon steel band, a shape limited by arcs with radius equal to half the slot width is preferred.
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    Type: Equipment for Space Res. (NASA-TT-F-785); p 42-47
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  • 70
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    Geoscience instrumentation (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-07
    Description: Geoscience instrumentation systems are considered along with questions of geoscience environment, signal processing, data processing, and design problems. Instrument platforms are examined, taking into account ground platforms, airborne platforms, ocean platforms, and space platforms. In situ and laboratory sensors described include acoustic wave sensors, age sensors, atmospheric constituent sensors, biological sensors, cloud particle sensors, electric field sensors, electromagnetic field sensors, precision geodetic sensors, gravity sensors, ground constituent sensors, horizon sensors, humidity sensors, ion and electron sensors, magnetic field sensors, tide sensors, and wind sensors. Remote sensors are discussed, giving attention to sensing techniques, acoustic echo-sounders, gamma ray sensors, optical sensors, radar sensors, and microwave radiometric sensors.
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    Systematic study of aplanatic two-mirror telescopes. II - The Gregorian configuration (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 72
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    Fluxgate magnetometers for outer planets exploration (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The exploration of the interplanetary medium and the magnetospheres of the outer planets requires the implementation of magnetic field measuring instrumentation with wide dynamic range, high stability, and reliability. The fluxgate magnetometers developed for the Pioneer 11 and Mariner-Jupiter-Saturn missions are presented. These instruments cover the range of .01 nT to 2 million nT with optimum performance characteristics and low power consumption.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 73
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    The S-193 radar altimeter experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Skylab S-193 altimeter experiment utilizes a 10- and 100-ns pulse length, 13.9-GHz earth-pointed radar system to obtain earth-surface backscatter measurements from the Skylab spacecraft. Objectives of the experiment are to obtain precision measurements of surface profile for uses in geodesy, oceanography, and earth physics, and to measure radar-signal characteristics from an earth-orbit geometry to provide design information for future radar remote-sensors. The technical approach is that of measuring the power impulse response of the scattering surface. The hardware is designed to operate in five modes: waveform or impulse-response measurement and altitude determination; radar cross-section experiment; signal correlation experiment; 10-nsec pulse-compression evaluation; and nadir-seeker experiment.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE; vol. 62
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  • 74
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    Holography and the control of self-propelled vehicles (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The possibility of applying the principles of holography and optical data processing in the control of self-propelled space vehicles is considered. Various methods of controlling space vehicles are described: (1) by the results of comparing the image with the standard hologram; (2) by holographic images transmitted over moon earth communications channels; and (3) on the basis of using autotelevision cameras with a three dimensional screen. Procedures are presented for obtaining the standard holograms. The structural organization of the microprogrammed automaton controlling the movement of the space vehicle is also presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Technol. for the Production of Space Equipment (NASA-TT-F-15766); p 111-142
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  • 75
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    Electronic power generators for ultrasonic frequencies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design and construction of an ultrasonic frequency electronic power generator are discussed. The principle design elements of the generator are illustrated. The generator provides an inductive load with an output power of two kilowatts and a variable output frequency in the fifteen to thirty KiloHertz range. The method of conducting the tests and the results obtained with selected materials are analyzed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 33-39
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  • 76
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    Portable apparatus with CRT display for nondestructive testing of concrete by the ultrasonic pulse method (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The development of methods for the nondestructive study of concrete structures is discussed. The nondestructive test procedure is based on the method of ultrasonic pulse transmission through the material. The measurements indicate that the elastic properties of concrete or other heterogeneous materials are a function of the rate of ultrasonic propagation. Diagrams of the test equipment are provided. Mathematical models are included to support the theoretical aspects.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 27-32
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  • 77
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    Method of vibration analysis using holographic interferometry and heterodyne optical detection (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method of studying thin plate vibrations with the aid of a laser beam is discussed. Through a suitable combination of time-average holographic interferometry, real-time holographic interferometry, and heterodyne optical detection, it is possible to obtain complete information on the vibration parameters of modes, amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. The method has the advantage of three dimensional global observation, noncontact, and high precision measurements.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 7-14
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  • 78
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    On the ultrasonic holography (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The development of a system of ultrasonic holography is discussed. The limitations of the acousto-optical transformers, the scanning method, and the Pohlman cell are analyzed. The application of the free liquid surface deformation method is emphasized. The test equipment required for the liquid surface deformation method is described. An illustration of a typical test installation is provided.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 1-6
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  • 79
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    Lyman-alpha imagery of Comet Kohoutek (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electrographic imagery of Comet Kohoutek in the 1100-1500 A wavelength range was obtained from a sounding rocket on Jan. 8, 1974, and from the Skylab space station on 13 occasions between Nov. 26, 1973 and Feb. 2, 1974. These images are predominantly due to Lyman-alpha (1216 A) emission from the hydrogen coma of the comet. The rocket pictures have been calibrated for absolute sensitivity and a hydrogen production rate has been determined. However, the Skylab camera suffered degradation of its sensitivity during the mission, and its absolute sensitivity for each observation can only be estimated by comparison of the comet images with those taken by the rocket camera, with imagery of the geocoronal Lyman-alpha glow, of the moon in reflected Lyman-alpha, and of ultraviolet-bright stars. The rocket and geocoronal comparisons are used to derive a preliminary, qualitative history of the development of the cometary hydrogen coma and the associated hydrogen production rate.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 80
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    Interpretation of the anti-tail of Comet Kohoutek as a particle flow phenomenon (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The appearance of a 'sunward' spike, opposite in apparent orientation to the normal Type-II tail in Comet Kohoutek is interpreted as evidence for large particles ejected near perihelion. It is shown that the shape and orientation can be satisfactorily explained in this manner, after consideration of the increased mass flow at decreasing heliocentric distance. The apparent length of the spike can be a measure of the particle size and density, and a value of about 0.004 g/sq cm for the product of particle size and density fits the Skylab observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus; 23; Dec. 197
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  • 81
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    A comment on gamma ray lines from He-4 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is pointed out that excited states of He-4 cannot produce gamma ray line emission of astrophysical significance, contrary to a recent suggestion of Reina et al. (1974). The only possible gamma-ray lines in He-4 are above 25 MeV, but their excitation cross sections appear to be so small that they are probably of little astrophysical significance.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 36; 2, No; Nov. 197
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  • 82
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    Violation of the Vogt-Russell theorem for homogeneous nondegenerate stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A systematic study is made of the number and types of solutions of the equilibrium equations of stellar structure, in the case of homogeneous stars of Population I over the mass range 2-1000 solar masses, with four different opacity representations. A variant of the usual fitting method permits the simultaneous investigation of convergence and tendency toward multiplicity of the solutions. Quadratic interpolation and extrapolation of Carson's new opacity tables produces a very large opacity at low temperatures that greatly affects the loose outer layers of massive stars, while leaving the cores practically unaffected. As a result, over a small mass range, well above 100 solar masses, triple solutions exist, always near an effective temperature of log Te = 4.73. A simple classification of the known exceptions to the Vogt-Russell theorem on the uniqueness of stellar structure is given.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 15
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  • 83
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    Holography with standing surface plasma waves (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Holography with standing surface plasma waves, where both reference and object beams propagate in opposite directions, has been investigated using an Al reflection grating coated with evaporated As2S3 layers. The image, which appears only for p-polarization and at certain critical angles, is enhanced by the Lippman-Bragg effect and by an increase in intensity over ordinary holography approximately equal to the absolute value of the real part of the dielectric constant for Al. Also considered is holography with object light alone in photoresist layers, using the beam-splitting properties of the grating.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optics Communications; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 84
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    Neutrino emission from plasmons in strong magnetic fields (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Neutrino pair emission from stellar interiors is investigated. The paper indicates that the proposed enhanced emission mode is a part of a transverse mode spectrum with a refraction index in the limit of infinity. It is concluded that in an astrophysical sense a very strong magnetic field does not have a significant effect on the emission rate of neutrinos from plasmons.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science; 31; Nov. 197
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  • 85
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    X rays predicted from flares of UV Ceti stars (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec
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  • 86
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    Porous leak evaluation and application to calibration of a high-pressure ion gauge (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology; 11; Sept
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  • 87
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    Evidence for a corona of beta Geminorum (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A spectrometer was used on the satellite Copernicus to observe a chromospheric L alpha emission from the K0 giant beta Gem at 1218.4 A. This emission appears to be in the corona at temperatures near 260,000 deg K, since the ion it is identified with requires 77.4 eV to be produced.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Nov. 1
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  • 88
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    Tentative identification of U93.174 as the molecular ion N2H/+/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: On the basis of a consideration of the rotation constant and the hyperfine structure together with the results of an ab initio structural calculation it is suggested that the three closely space new interstellar lines near 93.174 GHz reported by Turner (1974) might have been produced by the molecular ion N2H(+). It is pointed out that the identification of N2H(+) is reasonable also in terms of current ideas of interstellar chemistry.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 193; Oct. 15
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  • 89
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    Dustsonde and lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosols - A comparison (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Comparison of lidar and in situ measurements of stratospheric aerosol profiles obtained by backscattered ruby laser light and by direct in situ sampling over Laramie, Wyoming, on two nights in mid-September 1972. The lidar backscattering and the particle number density profiles correlated well. Based on these initial comparative experiments, the ground-based lidar coupled with temperature soundings appears to be a possible method for determining the relative aerosol profile under given stratospheric loading conditions.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 90
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    Fabrication of an extreme ultraviolet glancing incidence telescope (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A technique is described for use in the fabrication of glancing incidence telescopes which operate at large grazing angles (i.e., 8 to 15 degrees). Precision conic section plunge laps are used in a controlled grinding procedure to initially generate imaging surfaces which have a minimum of subsurface damage. A numerically controlled Moore Number 3 Measuring Machine is used throughout the fabrication procedure. Surface geometry accuracies on the order of one-tenth micron have been achieved.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optical Engineering; 13; Mar
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  • 91
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    An induction into the design of flight test instrumentation systems (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: The development of flight test instrumentation systems based on specific requirements for the flight tests is discussed. The factors which influence the instrumentation system design are described. The use of a measurements list as a device for determining flight test requirements is explained. A block diagram of a typical flight test instrumentation system is provided. The effects of factors such as cost, schedule, personnel, accuracy, environmental qualifications, and reliability are analyzed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AGARD AGARD Flight Test Instrumentation Ser., Vol. 1; 9 p
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  • 92
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    Absolute radiometry and the solar constant (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A series of active cavity radiometers (ACRs) are described which have been developed as standard detectors for the accurate measurement of irradiance in absolute units. It is noted that the ACR is an electrical substitution calorimeter, is designed for automatic remote operation in any environment, and can make irradiance measurements in the range from low-level IR fluxes up to 30 solar constants with small absolute uncertainty. The instrument operates in a differential mode by chopping the radiant flux to be measured at a slow rate, and irradiance is determined from two electrical power measurements together with the instrumental constant. Results are reported for measurements of the solar constant with two types of ACRs. The more accurate measurement yielded a value of 136.6 plus or minus 0.7 mW/sq cm (1.958 plus or minus 0.010 cal/sq cm per min).
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  • 93
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    Microbial detection method based on sensing molecular hydrogen (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A simple method for detecting bacteria, based on the time of hydrogen evolution, was developed and tested against various members of the Enterobacteriaceae group. The test system consisted of (1) two electrodes, platinum and a reference electrode, (2) a buffer amplifier, and (3) a strip-chart recorder. Hydrogen evolution was measured by an increase in voltage in the negative (cathodic) direction. A linear relationship was established between inoculum size and the time hydrogen was detected (lag period). Lag times ranged from 1 h for 1 million cells/ml to 7 h for 1 cell/ml. For each 10-fold decrease in inoculum, length of the lag period increased 60 to 70 min. Based on the linear relationship between inoculum and lag period, these results indicate the potential application of the hydrogen-sensing method for rapidly detecting coliforms and other gas-producing microorganisms in a variety of clinical, food, and other samples.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Microbiology; 27; May 1974
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  • 94
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    An experimental test of the homogeneity of the interstellar medium (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations of nonthermal continuum radio emission at 750 MHz and hydrogen-line emission at 1420 MHz have been compared in order to test the extent to which cosmic-ray electrons, magnetic fields, and hydrogen gas coexist in the interstellar medium. If the interstellar medium is homogeneous in the sense that its constituents are mixed together and can interact, then regions of line and continuum emission should be spatially correlated. The measurements indicate that at most 28% of continuum emission in the Galaxy comes from such a homogeneous medium. The remaining nonthermal emission agrees in magnitude with the residual emission found by Berkhuijsen after subtraction of the polarized component of nonthermal emission. In addition, the data discussed here show that the major filamentary structures found in the two forms of emission rarely coincide spatially. Consequently, both the average and the exceptional structure in the medium indicate that the synchrotron-radiating magnetoplasma and the neutral hydrogen gas are not closely interacting in the present state of the medium.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 194; Dec. 1
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  • 95
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    Origin of fifteen cosmic dust particles intercepted by Pioneer 8 and 9 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Consistent data for more than 8 years have been obtained from two identical cosmic dust particle experiments on board the space probes Pioneer 8 and 9. The two spacecraft are in direct heliocentric orbits with perihelia between 0.75 AU and 1.00 AU. On the basis of the data it is concluded that the majority of dust particles having elliptical orbits detected by the two space probes show orbital characteristics of Apollo group asteroids which originated from residual nuclei of short-period comets.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec. 13
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  • 96
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    Simultaneous Raman and laser velocimeter measurements (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The feasibility of performing Raman and laser velocimeter measurements simultaneously is demonstrated, and it is shown that the background radiation associated with the Mie scattering and large particulate concentrations does not saturate or distort the relatively weak rotational Raman signals. Under stringent conditions of low static gas densities and large particulate concentrations, Raman density and temperature measurements agree to within plus or minus 5% of the calculated values.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Oct. 197
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  • 97
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    Coherent optical noise suppression device (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The present work describes a scheme for a noise suppression system to be used with an afocal coherent optical data processor. The noise averaging scheme is based on the simple principle of moving input and output film planes together during exposure; the noise pattern remains stationary while the desired (filtered) image moves through it. The noise suppression system consists of a drive motor, right-angle gear box, reversing gear assemblage, right-angle gear drive, and micrometer adjusting translation tables. The device was tested by using a Sayce target containing fundamental spatial frequencies from 5 lines/mm to 100 lines/mm as the input signal. The output was photographed on Pan-X 35-mm film with and without the noise suppression system in operation. Microdensitometer scans of the exposed output film show that without noise averaging, resolution is good to about 80 lines/mm, while with noise averaging, it is good to about 35 lines/mm. A brief analysis of errors in the mechanical parts of the system reponsible for the upper limit of resolution is presented.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Oct. 197
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  • 98
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    Analysis of experimental NRL radar altimeter data (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An X-band radar capable of continuously variable transmitted pulse durations down to 1 nsec is being flown to investigate the interaction of radar altimeter signals with the sea surface. There is good agreement between the observed radar altimeter leading edge rise time for a 1-nsec transmitted pulse and the rise time predicted from the radar parameters and the sea state determined by a laser profilometer. Using a threshold tracker on 29-pulse averages for a transmitted pulse of 24 nsec, it was found that the range noise varied linearly with the power level of the threshold over a considerable range. The altimeter range quantization was 9.35 cm, and a minimum range noise of 3.9 cm was obtained. A comparison of pulse-to-pulse correlation observed in the radar data with that predicted by a Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain a measure of sea surface scatterer motion.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Radio Science; 9; Aug
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  • 99
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    Device for recording the 20 Hz - 200 KHz sound frequency spectrum using teletransmission (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The device described consists of two distinct parts: (1) The sound pickup system consisting of the wide-frequency band condenser microphone which contains in the same assembly the frequency-modulated oscillator and the output stage. Being transistorized and small, this system can be easily moved, so that sounds can be picked up even in places that are difficult to reach with larger devices. (2) The receiving and recording part is separate and can be at a great distance from the sound pickup system. This part contains a 72 MHz input stage, a frequency changer that gives an intermediate frequency of 30 MHz and a multichannel analyzer coupled to an oscilloscope and a recorder.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 67-70
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  • 100
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    Laboratory ultrasonic generator (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The characteristics of an ultrasonic generator with magnetostrictive amplifiers are described. The generator was designed to supply an output power of about 400 watts at a consumption of about 1 kilowatt. The generator produces sound waves in the frequency range of 18 to 30 KHz. The circuit design is described and examples of the construction are illustrated. The generator is used to study different industrial processes such as the effect of ultrasonic radiation of the emulsification of liquids, the dispersion of solids, and ultrasonic filtration.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics Vol. 2, B (NASA-TT-F-15663); p 40-52
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