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  • Organic Chemistry  (5,491)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS  (1,511)
  • 42.75
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
  • 1970-1974  (6,346)
  • 1950-1954  (2,116)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
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    The pendant drop: Theory and experiment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drop and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 304-321
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  • 2
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    Pressure waves in bubbly liquids (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 405-413
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  • 3
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    Deformation and burst of single drops in a viscous fluid (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 390-464
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  • 4
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    Liquid drop behavior in weightlessness from Skylab (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 629-631
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  • 5
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    Nonlinear effects on droplet deformation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 372-389
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  • 6
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    On the production of bubbles by focused laser light (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 322-337
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  • 7
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    The motion of bubbles and drops in liquids (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 300-303
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  • 8
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    Some aspects on dynamics of nonspherical bubbles and liquid drops (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 338-356
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  • 9
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    On the growth and collapse of vapor bubbles at liquid/liquid interfaces (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 606-616
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  • 10
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    Growth mechanisms for urban aerosol particles (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 553-570
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  • 11
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    Water drop interactions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 487-505
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  • 12
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    Models of spherical cap bubbles (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 414-426
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  • 13
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    On the oscillations of drops and bubbles in viscous liquids (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 357-371
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  • 14
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    Noise and vibration level reduction by covering metal structures with layers of damping materials (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: One of the most important methods of reducing the noise and vibration level is the damping of the secondary sources, such as metal plates, often used in vehicle structures, by means of covering materials with high internal viscosity. Damping layers are chosen at an optimum thickness corresponding to the frequency and temperature range in which a certain structure works. The structure's response corresponding to various real situations is analyzed by means of a measuring chain including electroacoustical or electromechanical transducers. The experimental results provide the dependence of the loss factor and damping transmission coefficient as a function of the damping layer thickness or of the frequency for various viscoelastic covering materials.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 246-253
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  • 15
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    Vibration and recoil control of pneumatic hammers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Vibration sources are described for pneumatic hammers used in the mining industry (pick hammers), in boiler shops (riveting hammers), etc., bringing to light the fact that the principal vibration source is the variation in air pressure inside the cylinder. The present state of the art of vibration control of pneumatic hammers as it is practiced abroad, and the solutions adopted for this purpose, are discussed. A new type of pneumatic hammer with a low noise and vibration level is presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 79-84
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  • 16
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    Vibration control in forge hammers (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Special measures are discussed for calculating, designing and executing a forge hammer foundation, so that the vibrations that occur during its working will not be transmitted to neighboring machinery, workrooms and offices. These vibrations are harmful to the workers near the forge hammer.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 73-78
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  • 17
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    Experimental determination of the vibration level in 5,100 kW electric locomotive assemblies (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Because of the high vibration level occurring during the running of electric locomotives, mechanical defects occur in the control mechanisms of auxiliary services. This fact has given rise to the necessity of determining the values of these vibrations in electric locomotives during their running. Measurements were conducted on the Craiova-Drobeta-Turnu Severin line, and measures to reduce the vibration level in electric locomotives were instituted.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 50-54
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  • 18
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    Random vibrations of linear viscoelastic beams with lumped masses (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A method is presented of determining the mean square transversal deflection of an isotropic and homogeneous linear viscoelastic beam having a certain number of lengthwise distributed lumped masses. It is assumed that the beam is acted upon by a stationary random process uniformly distributed along the beam. The method is useful in vibration level control by means of additional lumped masses.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 36-42
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  • 19
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    Random vibrations of quadratic damping systems (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An oscillating system with quadratic damping subjected to white noise excitation is replaced by a nonlinear, statistically equivalent system for which the associated Fokker-Planck equation can be exactly solved. The mean square responses are calculated and the optimum damping coefficient is determined with respect to the minimum mean square acceleration criteria. An application of these results to the optimization of automobile suspension damping is given.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 29-35
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  • 20
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    The response of many-storied structures under seismic actions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A seismic action which is characterized by the acceleration function of the seismic motion is analyzed. The equations of motion in the direction of the seismic action are determined for a completely rigid ground and for a ground with linear deformability characteristics (rotation deformability). The equation for the rotation motion is derived by considering elastic and viscoelastic properties of the foundation ground. The differential equations are written by treating the mechanical model of a many-storied structure as a fixed vertical beam with a uniformly distributed mass as well as with concentrated masses on each floor.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 43-49
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  • 21
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    Insulation of nonlinear and random vibrations in the mining industry (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The insulation of nonlinear and random vibrations is considered for some ore preparing and sorting implements: rotary crushers, resonance screens, hammer mills, etc. The appearance of subharmonic vibrations is analyzed, and the conditions for their appearance are determined. A method is given for calculating the insulation of these vibrations by means of elastic elements made of rubber. The insulation of the random vibrations produced by Symons crushers is calculated by determining the transmissability and deformation of the insulation system for a narrow band random response.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 22-28
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  • 22
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    A mathematical model for storied buildings subjected to automatic loom stresses (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Expressions are derived for the displacements of a many storied building subjected to the action of classical weaving looms located at different levels of the building. The building is regarded as a vertical fixed beam with a uniformly distributed mass as well as concentrated masses at each level. The calculation relations are obtained on the assumption of harmonic variation of the forces acting at each level as well as the assumption of narrow band stationary random excitatory forces.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 15-21
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  • 23
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    Study of vibrations produced by a vibrating beam used for vibrating concretes (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: For compacting concretes in building, vibrating beams are used. The vibrations are generated by inertial vibrators, and the beam is normally displaced by the operator by means of a handle that is elastically fastened to the beam by means of rubber pads. Considered are vibrations transmitted to the operator, taking into account the beam's shock vibration motions. The steady state motion of a dynamic beam pattern is studied, and results of experimental tests with existing equipment are presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: The 4th Natl. Conf. on Acoustics, Vol. 1A (NASA-TT-F-15375); p 9-14
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  • 24
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    Stresses in dome-shaped shells of revolution with discontinuities at the apex (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-02
    Description: Asymptotic solutions of Novozhilov's equations of shells of revolution are derived for axisymmetric and first harmonic loadings. The solutions obtained are valid throughout the shallow and nonshallow regions. Stresses in dome shaped shells of revolution with a discontinuity in the form of a circular hole, a circular rigid insert, or a nozzle at the apex have been investigated. Numerical results are obtained for spheres, ellipsoids, and paraboloids, containing a discontinuity under a internal pressure and moment. Curves depicting stress distributions are given. The influence of three types of discontinuity on the stresses of the shells is also given.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Multivariant Function Model Generation; 118 p
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  • 25
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    Current structural vibration problems associated with noise (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: As the performance of aerospace vehicles has increased, the noise generated by the propulsion system and by the passage of the vehicle through the air has also increased. Further increases in performance are now underway for space vehicles such as the space shuttle vehicle and for short distance takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft, and are being planned for supersonic aircraft. The flight profiles and design features of these high-performance vehicles are reviewed and an estimate made of selected noise-induced structural vibration problems. Considerations for the prevention of acoustic fatigue, noise transmission, and electronic instrument malfunction are discussed.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AGARD Noise Mech.; 16 p
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  • 26
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    The influence of the computational mesh on accuracy for initial value problems with discontinuous or nonunique solutions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discontinuous, or weak, solutions of the wave equation, the inviscid form of Burgers equation, and the time-dependent, two-dimensional Euler equations are studied. A numerical method of second-order accuracy in two forms, differential and integral, is used to calculate the weak solutions of these equations for several initial value problems, including supersonic flow past a wedge, a double symmetric wedge, and a sphere. The effect of the computational mesh on the accuracy of computed weak solutions including shock waves and expansion phenomena is studied. Modifications to the finite-difference method are presented which aid in obtaining desired solutions for initial value problems in which the solutions are nonunique.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Computers and Fluids; 2; Dec. 197
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  • 27
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    Hypersonic flows generated by parabolic and paraboloidal shock waves (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A computer algorithm has been developed to determine the blunt-body flowfields supporting symmetric parabolic and paraboloidal shock waves at infinite free-stream Mach number. Solutions are expressed in an analytic form as high-order power series, in the coordinate normal to the shock, whose coefficients can be determined exactly. Analytic continuation is provided by the use of Pade approximations. Test cases provide solutions of very high accuracy. In the axisymmetric case for gamma equals 715 the solution has been found far downstream, where it agrees with the modified blast-wave results. For plane flow, on the other hand, a limit line appears within the shock layer, a short distance past the sonic line, suggesting the presence of an imbedded shock. Local solutions in the downstream limit are discussed.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 17; Oct. 197
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  • 28
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    Lifting-surface theory for a semi-infinite wing in oblique gust (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An unsteady lifting-surface theory is developed for the calculation of the airload on a semi-infinite-span thin wing in a compressible flow due to interaction with an oblique gust. By using the solutions obtained for a two-dimensional wing, the problem is formulated so that the unknown is taken to be the difference between the airload on the semi-infinite wing and that on a two-dimensional wing under the same gust conditions. Since this airload difference is nonzero only near the wing tip, the control points need be distributed in the tip region only; this significantly simplifies the numerical procedure. Results are presented for a wing with rectangular tip. The implication for noise and unsteady loads due to blade-vortex interaction for helicopter rotors is discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 29
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    Inclusion of transverse shear deformation in finite element displacement formulations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A stiffness matrix is derived for a beam element with transverse shear deformation. It is shown that straightforward energy minimization yields the correct stiffness matrix in displacement formulations when transverse shear effects are considered. Since the TIM4 beam element does not represent the geometric boundary conditions for a cantilever beam the rotation of the normal must be retained as a grid point degree of freedom.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Nov. 197
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  • 30
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    Planetary entry aerothermodynamics. II - Computational analyses and flight experience (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Limitations concerning the possibility to simulate all the significant flow and thermal phenomena occurring during the entry of a space vehicle into a planetary atmosphere make it necessary to rely on computational analyses to obtain the required data for the design of the spacecraft needed for the NASA missions planned for the next two decades. 'Benchmark' computer programs concerned with complete, detailed, and accurate computational solutions of entry problems are considered along with programs representing engineering approximations for cases in which the accuracy provided by the benchmark programs is not needed. The information obtainable by computational analysis has to be supplemented by actual flight experience in order to meet the goals of the NASA entry-technology program. The individual space missions planned for the coming years are examined together with the possibilities for obtaining the data needed to satisfy the entry requirements in each case.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 31
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    Radiation from an array of gray circular fins of trapezoidal profile (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A numerical method is developed to calculate the temperature distribution and radiation heat transfer for an annular fin and tube radiator, with fins having trapezoidal profiles. All surfaces are assumed gray and to emit and reflect diffusely. Radiative interactions between adjacent fins and between the fins and tube are included. The thermal conductivity of the fin material may vary linearly with temperature. Results of a parametric study of the special case of circular fins of triangular profile having constant thermal conductivity are presented and used to optimize a fin array with respect to minimum weight.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Nov. 197
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  • 32
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    Measurements of wall heat transfer in the presence of large-amplitude combustion-driven oscillations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In the studies reported use was made of the T-burner to obtain a correlation between the average heat transfer coefficient along the burner and the amplitude of the flow oscillations. The T-burner used consists of a centrally-vented cylindrical chamber with disks of solid propellant bonded in each end. The obtained data provide a basis for predicting heat transfer rates in other combustion chambers containing oscillatory flows.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Combustion Science and Technology; 9; 1-2,; 1974
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  • 33
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    Analysis of acoustic radiation in a jet flow environment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The analysis of sound fields from arbitrary source distributions in terms of Legendre and spherical Hankel functions is well known. The purpose of this paper is to extend this classical method of analysis to environments such as jet flows where flow and flow gradients are inherently present. The wave-equation governing the radiation of sound in such an environment is derived. The steady state flow and flow gradients in the axial and transverse directions appear as coefficients in the terms of the wave-equation. A semi-numerical method is used to solve the wave-equation in terms of modified spherical harmonics yielding the phase velocities and the directivities of an infinite set of modes. The directivity of each mode is obtained in terms of modified Legendre functions by numerical integration. Some results of these directivity and phase-velocity calculations are presented for a limited number of frequency and flow parameters. Both convective and shear refraction are shown to be important.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 36; Sept. 8
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  • 34
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    Unified approach to aerodynamic sound generation in the presence of solid boundaries (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A general equation governing aerodynamic sound generation in the presence of solid boundaries is derived. It is shown that all the theories in the literature appear as special cases of this general equation. Derived special equations for propeller and fan noise are likewise shown to be more general than the conventional equations in that they make allowance for variation in retarded time over the blade surfaces.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 56
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  • 35
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    Microcraters formed in glass by projectiles of various densities (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An experiment was conducted investigating the effect of projectile density on the structure and size of craters in soda lime glass and fused quartz. The projectiles were spheres of polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB), aluminum, and iron with velocities between 0.5 and 15 km/sec and diameters between 0.4 and 5 microns. The projectile densities spanned the range expected for primary and secondary particles of micrometer size at the lunar surface, and the velocities spanned the lower range of micrometeoroid velocities and the upper range of secondary projectile velocities. There are changes in crater morphology as the impact velocity increases, and the transitions occur at lower velocities for the projectiles of higher density. The sequence of morphological features of the craters found for PS-DVB impacting soda lime glass for increasing impact velocity, described in a previous work (Mandeville and Vedder, 1971), also occurs in fused quartz and in both targets with the more dense aluminum and iron projectiles. Each transition in morphology occurs at impact velocities generating a certain pressure in the target. High density projectiles require a lower velocity than low-density projectiles to generate a given shock pressure.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Aug. 10
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  • 36
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    Automatic numerical generation of body-fitted curvilinear coordinate system for field containing any number of arbitrary two-dimensional bodies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method for automatic numerical generation of a general curvilinear coordinate system with coordinate lines coincident with all boundaries of a general multi-connected region containing any number of arbitrarily shaped bodies is presented. With this procedure the numerical solution of a partial differential system may be done on a fixed rectangular field with a square mesh with no interpolation required regardless of the shape of the physical boundaries, regardless of the spacing of the curvilinear coordinate lines in the physical field, and regardless of the movement of the coordinate system. Numerical solutions for the lifting and nonlifting potential flow about Joukowski and Karman-Trefftz airfoils using this coordinate system generation show excellent comparison with the analytic solutions. The application to fields with multiple bodies is illustrated by a potential flow solution for multiple airfoils.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 15; July 197
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  • 37
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    Approximate techniques of structural reanalysis (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A study is made of two approximate techniques for structural reanalysis. These include Taylor series expansions for response variables in terms of design variables and the reduced-basis method. In addition, modifications to these techniques are proposed to overcome some of their major drawbacks. The modifications include a rational approach to the selection of the reduced-basis vectors and the use of Taylor series approximation in an iterative process. For the reduced basis a normalized set of vectors is chosen which consists of the original analyzed design and the first-order sensitivity analysis vectors. The use of the Taylor series approximation as a first (initial) estimate in an iterative process, can lead to significant improvements in accuracy, even with one iteration cycle. Therefore, the range of applicability of the reanalysis technique can be extended. Numerical examples are presented which demonstrate the gain in accuracy obtained by using the proposed modification techniques, for a wide range of variations in the design variables.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Computers and Structures; 4; Aug. 197
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    Analysis of propagation of waves of acoustic frequencies in curved ducts (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The propagation of waves of acoustic frequencies in curved ducts of rectangular cross section is studied for the first four modes. The analysis makes use of Bessel functions of the order (n + 1/2) to construct curves of wavenumber in the duct versus imposed wavenumber and to determine the profile of vibrational velocities. A wide range of duct widths and unrestricted radii of curvature have been considered. The characteristics of motion in a bend are compared with propagation of waves in a straight duct, and important differences in the behavior of waves are noted.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 56
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  • 39
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    Axial flow measurements in trailing vortices (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A scanning laser Doppler velocimeter was used to measure the axial velocity defect in the cores of trailing vortices behind a lifting airfoil of rectangular planform. Data were obtained at several different angles of attack and downstream distances ranging from 30 to 1000 chord lengths. The test was designed to obtain continuous data from the near field into the far field while removing uncertainties associated with the interpretation of data obtained by the hydrogen bubble technique. The measured velocities of V sub x/U sub infinity are compared with those predicted. The agreement is remarkably good over the entire range of downstream distances, which supports the credibility of calculating axial velocities using the results of Moore and Saffman (1973).
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Aug. 197
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  • 40
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    Vortex measurements behind a swept wing transport model (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A backscatter laser Doppler velocimeter which simultaneously senses the axial and the tangential components of the velocity has been used to measure the velocity distributions in the near wake of a swept wing semispan transport model in a wind tunnel. The model configuration included nacelles, pylons, antishock bodies, and wing flaps which could be deflected 27 deg. Typical wake vortex velocity profiles are presented for the flaps-retracted and the flaps-deployed 27 deg configurations, respectively.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; June 197
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  • 41
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    Static, stability, and dynamic analysis of shells of revolution by numerical integration - A comparison (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent innovations in digital computer technology have enabled engineers to analyze shell structures of complex configurations without unduly restrictive approximations. An attempt is made to compare the various programs now generally available from the point of view of the advantages of the relative technique utilized, as well as the programmed state of the art. Many of the comparisons are based on the sample problems solved by the STARS-2 system of programs. These examples indicate both the structural detail which can be analyzed by, and the analytical capabilities available in, the numerical shell-of-revolution programs. All advantages and differences are demonstrated by use of solutions for realistic shell problems in the areas of statics, stability, vibrations, and dynamic response of shells subjected to time-dependent loadings.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 42
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    Forced vibrations of multi-component compliant tanks and feedlines (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analytical and experimental research program was performed to investigate the effects of flexible tanks and lines and the total system dynamic response of a simple physical system which had some of the essential features of a liquid-fueled launch vehicle. Several vessel-wall materials were used to obtain a range of elastic moduli. Water was used to simulate the fuel and an electromagnetic shaker provided external excitation such as might originate from a rocket-propulsion system. Experimental data were compared to values obtained from mathematical models for the many degree-of-freedom lumped-mass representation.
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  • 43
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    Nonproportional loading limit for structures (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The design of most structures involves ensuring integrity for several independent loading conditions. Often, it is rational to design these, exploiting the ductility of the materials to reduce structural costs. Then, ensuring integrity evokes the need for nonmonotonic limit analyses. A groundwork is laid for implementing these analyses. An alternate limit load characterization to that of Greenberg is provided, a mathematical statement of the problem leading to both monotonic (proportional) and nonmonotonic limit loads values is formulated, a direct limit load analysis procedure for analysis within a finite-element framework is described, and limit loads for sets of simple structures are evaluated. A direct limit analysis process is described, and monotonic limit loads are characterized. The process furnishes 'exact' values of limit loads with increasing efficiency as the number of structural elements and force redundancy decreases. Tests show that the accuracy of predicting nonmonotonic limit loads is very sensitive to the number of degrees of freedom in the analysis compared with the total number in the model.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Computers and Structures; 4; Mar. 197
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  • 44
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    Shock shapes of blunt bodies in hypersonic helium, air, and CO2 flows (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A primary factor governing hypersonic flowfield characteristics of blunt vehicles entering planetary atmospheres is the normal shock density ratio. Hence, a means of duplicating or simulating the high density ratios experienced during planetary entry is needed. One facility having the capability of generating a range of hypersonic-hypervelocity flow conditions in arbitrary test gases is the expansion tube. Preliminary shock shape results obtained in the Langley 6-in. expansion tube at hypersonic conditions are presented. Normal shock density ratios from approximately 4 to 19 were generated using helium, air, and CO2 test gases at freestream velocities from 5 to 7 km/sec. Test models were a flat-faced cylinder and the Viking aeroshell.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Mar. 197
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  • 45
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    Adhesive fracture mechanics (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In studies of fracture mechanics the adhesive fracture energy is regarded as a fundamental property of the adhesive system. It is pointed out that the value of the adhesive fracture energy depends on surface preparation, curing conditions, and absorbed monolayers. A test method reported makes use of a disk whose peripheral part is bonded to a substrate material. Pressure is injected into the unbonded central part of the disk. At a certain critical pressure value adhesive failure can be observed. A numerical stress analysis involving arbitrary geometries is conducted.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Fracture; 10; Mar. 197
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  • 46
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    Computation of transonic flow about lifting wing-cylinder combinations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some results are described for a lifting rectangular wing centrally located on a circular-cylindrical body. This simple configuration has been utilized in order to assess the merits of a mapping technique for wing-body configurations. The procedure employed makes use of a coordinate transformation to simplify specification of the surface boundary condition in the computation of the flow about the wing. The method can be extended to incorporate wing sweep, finite length body of noncircular cross section, and arbitrary wing placement; however, these extensions involve a considerable increase in complexity of the problem.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Apr. 197
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  • 47
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    A vortex entrainment model applied to slender delta wings (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A mathematical model of the vortex flow over a slender sharp-edged delta wing is proposed, and is shown to provide good agreement with the experiment. Although the technique requires experimental data in the form of the vortex core locations, it does account for the previously ignored mass entrainment of the vortex core.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 48
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    Extraction of derivatives from flight data for several aircraft, using the LRC interactive computer system (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Results are presented of a procedure for estimating stability and control parameters from flight data, by using maximum likelihood methods employing an interactive computer system, which was established at the NASA Langley Research Center. Problems encountered are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 49-76
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  • 49
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    Identification of aircraft stability and control derivatives in the presence of turbulence (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A maximum likelihood estimator for a linear system with state and observation noise is developed to determine stability and control derivatives from flight data obtained in the presence of turbulence. The formulation for the longitudinal short-period mode is presented briefly, including a special case that greatly simplifies the problem if the measurement noise on one signal is negligible. The effectiveness and accuracy of the technique are assessed by applying it first to simulated flight data, in which the true parameter values and state noise are known, then to actual flight data obtained in turbulence. The results are compared with data obtained in smooth air and with wind-tunnel data. The complete maximum likelihood estimator, which accounts for both state and observation noise, is shown to give the most accurate estimate of the stability and control derivatives from flight data obtained in turbulence. It is superior to the techniques that ignores state noise and to the simplified method that neglects the measurement noise on the angle-of-attack signal.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 77-114
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  • 50
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    A comparison of two methods of extracting stability derivatives from flight test data (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two methods for extracting stability derivatives from flight data are compared. A modified Newton-Raphson quasilinearization minimization technique and a digital-analog (hybrid) matching technique were used to analyze the same data maneuvers obtained from two aircraft. About 70 maneuvers from an F-111E aircraft were analyzed over a Mach number range of 0.3 to 2.0 and an angle of attack range of 3 to 19 degrees. About 20 maneuvers were analyzed for the X-24A lifting body at Mach numbers of 0.5, 0.8, and 0.9, and an angle of attack range of 4 to 13 degrees. Stability derivatives were extracted from these maneuvers and the results from the two techniques, along with wind tunnel results, were compared.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Flight Res. Center Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 43-48
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    Convective heat transfer to low-temperature fluids (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Research into forced and natural convection processes in low-temperature (cryogenic) fluids is reviewed with primary emphasis on forced convection. Boundaries of the near-critical region are defined, fluid properties near the critical state are discussed, and heat-transfer processes around the critical point are described. The thermodynamics of the critical point is analyzed together with transport properties of a near-critical fluid, and the quantum states of low-temperature molecular hydrogen (para and ortho) are discussed. Experimental work on heat transfer in free, natural, and forced convection systems is briefly summarized. Graham's (1969) penetration model for near-critical fluids is outlined, near-critical heat transfer is discussed in relation to conventional geometric effects, and the effects of curvature on the properties of near-critical hydrogen are noted. Theoretical considerations in free and forced convection are examined.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Velocity measurement of particles in sprays (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The approach described makes use of high-speed photography employing short-duration light sources. Drops are photographed in flight as they pass through a narrow slice of the spray on which the optical system is focussed. Two sparks fired at intervals of a few microseconds give double image photographs of drops. Drop velocity is calculated by measuring the distance between the two images of the drop and the time interval between sparks. Details regarding the optical and photographic system are described along with the design of the electronics system.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    Kinetic approach to the evaporation and condensation problem (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: In the paper, the Boltzmann equation governing the evaporation and condensation phenomena is solved by the Monte Carlo method. Based on the kinetic theory of gas the role of the non-equilibrium Knudsen layer and the growth of the hydrodynamic region outside the layer as time proceeds are simulated. Results show two possible types of transient developments in the vapor phase. The effects of the molecular absorption coefficient of the phase surface are examined. Except in the case of very strong evaporation the kinematic effects of binary collisions among vapor molecules on the mass flux rate are not serious. The limiting case of the quasi-steady evaporation and the maximal value of the evaporation rate are obtained.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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    New triangular plate-bending finite element with transverse shear flexibility (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 55
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    Correlation for estimating vortex rotational velocity downstream dependence (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Description of a correlation, derived from water tank measurements in the wake of wings towed under water, that makes it possible to predict the downstream distance behind an aircraft in flight where its trailing vortex will begin to decay. Comparisons of measured and predicted data are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 56
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    Roll-up of aircraft trailing vortices using artificial viscosity (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The artificial viscosity method of Kuwahara and Takami (1973) is used to calculate the roll-up of trailing vortices behind a number of practical aerodynamic configurations. Where possible, the results are compared for core location with available experimental data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 57
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    Influence of ablation impurities on blunt body re-entry ionization (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Electron density profiles which include the effect of an ablated sodium impurity were computed for the boundary layer on a blunt-nosed body re-entering the atmosphere at 7.62 km/sec. Profiles are computed from the nose to a distance of four diameters along the RAM C-payload. A finite-difference, laminar, nonequilibrium chemistry boundary-layer program was used. Comparison of theory with S-band diagnostic antenna results, electron concentration deduced from X- and C-band attenuation data, and Langmuir probe data at several different aft body locations show that agreement is good at high altitude. At the lower altitudes there is disagreement between theory and S-band antenna data where the apparent discrepancy is attributed to the three-body recombination rate constant used for deionization of sodium coupled with the effect of angle of attack.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; June 197
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  • 58
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    Interactive design of large end rings on stiffened conical shells using composites (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Design study methods and results for a composite reinforced base ring for the conical aeroshell structure of the planetary lander vehicle for Project Viking, an unmanned mission to Mars, are presented. The aeroshell is a ring and stringer-stiffened conical shell structure having a half angle of 70 degrees with a large base ring mounted at the outer edge of the cone and a large pay-load ring in the interior with many smaller rings spaced along the inside shell surface. The purpose of the structure is to develop the aerodynamic drag required to decelerate the lander in the Mars atmosphere to facilitiate a soft landing. The design of a shell structure of this complexity requires the use of the latest technology available in a large general-purpose shell buckling program. The large general-purpose non-linear shell buckling program (BOSOR 2) which was used for this purpose is described.
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  • 59
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    Some after-dinner reflections on system identification (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The growth of the field of system identification is discussed along with changes in methodology which have taken place in recent years. The similarity between pattern recognition and system identification is pointed out, involving the modelling in the latter and the feature selection problem in the former. It is stated that once a model is formulated, including the disturbances and measurement errors, the parameter finding can be formulated as a statistical estimation problem. The various techniques and their application are discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Flight Res. Center Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 381-385
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    Systems identification - reprise and projections (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A state-of-the-arts review is given for the field of system identification. Progress in the field is traced from the early models of dynamic systems by Sir Isaac Newton up to the present day use of advanced techniques for numerous applications.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 375-379
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    A new criterion for modeling systems (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The criterion that is proposed is an expected value of the mean square response error as an alternative to testing a model against new data. Modeling with respect to this new criterion does not change the estimate for a given model format from a maximum likelihood estimate or mean square response error estimate. The new criterion does, however, provide a means of comparing models with different formats and varying complexity. A numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed criteria and the problem of searching for the best model. For all but the most trivial system identification problems, it is shown that a prohibitive number of combinations of terms of the model must be investigated to ensure the final model is best.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 291-313
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    Effects of flight instrumentation errors on the estimation of aircraft stability and control derivatives (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An error analysis program based on an output error estimation method was used to evaluate the effects of sensor and instrumentation errors on the estimation of aircraft stability and control derivatives. A Monte Carlo analysis was performed using simulated flight data for a high performance military aircraft, a large commercial transport, and a small general aviation aircraft for typical cruise flight conditions. The effects of varying the input sequence and combinations of the sensor and instrumentation errors were investigated. The results indicate that both the parameter accuracy and the corresponding measurement trajectory fit error can be significantly affected. Of the error sources considered, instrumentation lags and control measurement errors were found to be most significant.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 261-280
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  • 63
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    Nonlinear parameter identification: Ballistic range experience applicable to flight testing (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The parameter identification scheme being used is a differential correction least squares procedure (Gauss-Newton method). The position, orientation, and derivatives of these quantities with respect to the parameters of interest (i.e., sensitivity coefficients) are determined by digital integration of the equations of motion and the parametric differential equations. The application of this technique to three vastly different sets of data is used to illustrate the versatility of the method and to indicate some of the problems that still remain.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 191-195
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    Steady simple shear flow past a circular cylinder at moderate Reynolds numbers - A numerical solution (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The two-dimensional steady flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a circular cylinder, placed symmetrically in a simple shear field, has been studied for both the stationary and the freely rotating case by solving numerically the Navier-Stokes equations for values of the Reynolds number R in the range from 0.047 to 70. At R = 0.047, the results obtained are in substantial agreement with the analytic small-R perturbation solution given by Robertson and Acrivos (1970). Inertia effects were found, however, to play a significant role even at R = 1, and hence the calculated flow pattern for R greater than or equal to 1 differs significantly from that of the creeping-flow solution. Specifically, for the freely rotating case, the region of closed streamlines decreases rapidly in extent with increasing R, two symmetrically placed wakes are formed on either side of the cylinder, and the dimensionless rotational speed of the freely suspended cylinder decreases as the reciprocal of the square root of R.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 66; Nov. 6
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    Boundary value problems with incremental plasticity in granular media (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discussion of the critical state concept in terms of an incremental theory of plasticity in granular (soil) media, and formulation of the governing equations which are convenient for a computational scheme using the finite element method. It is shown that the critical state concept with its representation by the classical incremental theory of plasticity can provide a powerful means for solving a wide variety of boundary value problems in soil media.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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    First-order reactant in homogeneous turbulence before the final period of decay (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A method is described for studying theoretically the concentration fluctuations of a dilute contaminate undergoing a first-order chemical reaction. The method is based on Deissler's (1958) theory for homogeneous turbulence for times before the final period, and it follows the approach used by Loeffler and Deissler (1961) to study temperature fluctuations in homogeneous turbulence. Four-point correlation equations are obtained; it is assumed that terms containing fifth-order correlation are very small in comparison with those containing fourth-order correlations, and can therefore be neglected. A spectrum equation is obtained in a form which can be solved numerically, yielding the decay law for the concentration fluctuations in homogeneous turbulence for the period much before the final period of decay.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 17; July 197
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    A solution to the contact of two rough spherical surfaces (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The influence of roughness on the interfacial pressure distribution in the contact of two spherical surfaces is considered. An approximate general solution is presented and it is shown that the pressure for all radii can be determined solely from a reference pressure which is, in turn, a function of two parameters - a dimensionless roughness and a dimensionless hardness. Values for the radius of contact are also presented.
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    Drop coalescence in zero-gravity environment of Skylab IV (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A series of experiments in cloud physics and fluid mechanics at near zero-gravity environment were made during NASA's Skylab IV mission. Color photographs taken aboard demonstrate the impaction and coalescence of two water drops of equal diameter and different color. Plans for a zero-gravity cloud physics laboratory for the Space Shuttle are indicated.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 55
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    Aerodynamics of jet flap and rotating cylinder flap STOL concepts (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: The aerodynamic effectiveness of various propulsive lift concepts to provide for the low speed performance and control required for short takeoff and landing aircraft is discussed. The importance of the interrelationship between the propulsion system and aerodynamic components of the aircraft is stressed. The relative effectiveness of different lift concepts was evaluated through static and wind tunnel tests of various aerodynamic models and propulsion components, simulations of aircraft, and in some cases, flight testing of research aircraft incorporating the concepts under study. Results of large scale tests of lift augmentation devices are presented. The results of flight tests of STOL research aircraft with augmented jet flaps and rotating cylinder flaps are presented to show the steeper approach flight paths at low forward speeds.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD V/STOL Aerodyn.; 6 p
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    The role of diagonal dominance and cell Reynolds number in implicit difference methods for fluid mechanics problems (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 16; Nov. 197
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    Mixed mode stress field effect in adhesive fracture (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Numerical or analytical analyses were performed on seven different test specimens including blister test, 90-degree peel test, torsion test, and various cone tests. These specimens are in general subjected to complex stress fields having various amounts of Mode I, Mode II, and Mode III loads. The specimens were then constructed using polymethyl methacrylate for the adherends and a transparent polyurethane elastomer (Solithane 113) for the adhesive. This combination permitted direct observation of the bondline as load was applied. Although initial debonds as well as bond end termination singularities were present in all specimens, in some cases the debond did not initiate at the singularity points as would normally have been expected. An explanation for this behavior is presented, as well as a comparison of loading mode effect on those specimens for which the debond did propagate from a bond terminus singular point.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Journal of Fracture; 10; Dec. 197
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  • 72
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    Dependence of plate-bending finite element deflections and eigenvalues on Poisson's ratio (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Oct. 197
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  • 73
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    A generalized-capacity-matrix technique for computing aerodynamic flows (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A numerical generalized-capacity-matrix technique is developed for application to aerodynamic flow computations. This technique allows the very fast direct (noniterative) numerical elliptic solvers to be used in problems with arbitrary internal boundaries and with a wide class of boundary conditions, including numerical application of the Kutta condition on an airfoil without iteration. Accuracy, speed, and usefulness of the technique are demonstrated with linear problems for potential flows over airfoil shapes. The method's main advantages, however, can be exploited within iterative procedures for a variety of complex flow problems governed by systems of equations not necessarily elliptic or linear.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 74
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    Fast direct numerical solution of the nonhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A fast direct (noniterative) 'Cauchy-Riemann Solver' is developed for solving the finite-difference equations representing systems of first-order elliptic partial differential equations in the form of the nonhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations. The method is second-order accurate and requires approximately the same computer time as a fast cyclic-reduction Poisson solver. The accuracy and efficiency of the direct solver are demonstrated in an application to solving an example problem in aerodynamics: subsonic inviscid flow over a biconvex airfoil. The analytical small-perturbation solution contains singularities, which are captured well by the computational technique. The algorithm is expected to be useful in nonlinear subsonic and transonic aerodynamics.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Computational Physics; 15; May 1974
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  • 75
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    Estimation of longitudinal aerodynamic coefficients and comparison with wind-tunnel values (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Some recent experience at Ames Research Center in the estimation of aerodynamic coefficients for the Lear-Jet and the Augmentor Wing Jet STOL Research Aircraft is reviewed. The coefficients estimated from flight data are compared with values based on large-scale wind-tunnel tests. The results obtained by the regression and quasilinearization identification techniques are also compared. The regression method generally provides the lower standard deviation in the coefficient estimates and provides the better fit to the wind-tunnel values. The addition of nonlinear terms in the aerodynamic equations decreases the difference between the estimated and measured time histories but also increases the standard deviation in the estimated coefficient values.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 125-148
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  • 76
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    Fracture initiation and propagation in a cylindrical shell containing an initial surface flaw (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An attempt is made to provide the necessary analytical tools for the application of two different types of fracture criteria to shell structures. Of particular interest is the problem of fracture propagation and arrest in a cylindrical pressure vessel containing an initial surface flaw. It is assumed that the flaw has the most unfavorable geometry and orientation, namely, it is a crack lying on a meridional plane. Stress intensity factor for a part-through crack, and a surface or internal crack with a fully yielded net ligament are considered. Attention is given to constant delta curves for depressurization studies and to depressurization and crack arrest in pressure vessels.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 77
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    Vortex-induced heating to cone flaps at Mach 6 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Discussion of the local heating effect on the lee-side control flaps of supersonic configurations due to the interaction between vortices and leeward control surfaces at an angle of attack. Considerations are given for an appropriate positioning of control flaps to alleviate such interactions and the resulting thermal effect. Tests are carried out on a sharp right circular cone with two types of flap configurations in a study of oil flow patterns about the cone at selected angles of attack. Splitting of flaps and moving them to positions away from the symmetry plane did reduce the heating but also reduced the average flap pressure and increased flow complexity.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Mar. 197
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  • 78
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    An improved static probe design (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A new static probe design is described in which the static holes are located much closer to the tip than in conventional probes. The new probe shows promise for use in some situations where conventional probes become highly inaccurate. An additional advantage of the new design is that, when used in static pressure survey rakes, the probes can be located much closer together than in conventional designs and still ensure that disturbances from neighboring probe tips do not affect the static readings.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 12; Apr. 197
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  • 79
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    Vortex-induced heating to a cone-cylinder body at Mach 6 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Presented data on vortex-induced heating in a cone-cylinder body at Mach 6 show that the most severe heating need not occur as a result of the interaction of the primary vortices with the lee surface, even though this interaction produces a large, well-defined featherline oil smear. It is pointed out that the severity of vortex-induced heating is extremely sensitive to Reynolds number and geometry and that there exists a 'threshold Reynolds number' below which vortex-induced heating decreases abruptly.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Feb. 197
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  • 80
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    Simulation of real-gas effects for Mars entry (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The changes in aerodynamic characteristics due to real-gas effects associated with high speed flight (characterized by large shock density ratios) are primarily the result of changes in surface pressures acting on the forebody. The surface pressures are affected by a change in shock density ratio (real-gas effects) in two ways. First, the level of pressure at the stagnation point relative to freestream dynamic pressure is changed, and second, the distribution of surface pressure relative to stagnation-point pressure is changed. The density-ratio effect on the stagnation point pressure level can be estimated by considering the flow of a perfect gas about a blunt body.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; Jan. 197
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  • 81
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    V/STOL aerodynamics: A review of the technology (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: An analysis of the development and technological applications of V/STOL aircraft is presented. The use of V/STOL aircraft to overcome the limitations of conventional aircraft is discussed. The aspects of V/STOL aircraft which are considered are: (1) economic penalties of propulsive lift, (2) advantages of propulsive lift, (3) potential improvements in V/STOL aircraft, (4) the aerodynamics of V/STOL aircraft, and (5) proposals for additional research in V/STOL development.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD V/STOL Aerodyn.; 13 p
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  • 82
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    An overview of high temperature metal fatigue: Aspects covered by the 1973 International Conference on Creep and Fatigue (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: A summary of papers is presented which covers the following broad aspects of high temperature metal fatigue: (1) materials development and characterization; (2) environmental factors, including air, vacuum, helium, iodine, sodium, and radiation environments; (3) general fatigue life relationships; (4) crack growth laws; (5) design code activities; and (6) design and service experience. Illustrative tables accompany the summary.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AGARD Low Cycle High Temp. Fatigue; 47 p
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  • 83
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    Calculation of downstream radiative flow fields with massive ablation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Progress in developing rigorous flow field models for downstream radiative flows of massive ablation is reported. It is indicated that the biggest unknown is the turbulent model for the mixing layer and that there is a need for approximate solutions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 17 p
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  • 84
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    The aerothermal environment and material response: A review (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Aerothermal environments are discussed with emphasis on the cold dense and warm atmospheres of Saturn and Uranus. The spectral distribution of the incident radiation flux is given for the Saturn nominal entry. Saturn and Uranus stagnation point heat pulses with no ablation are compared. Calculations for small flow rates, important in the Saturn-Uranus nominal type entries, are given to investigate the effects due to the mixing layer separation. Analytical and experimental techniques applicable to flowfield calculations are reviewed with emphasis on two--dimensional flow capabilities. Transport properties are reviewed in terms of flowfield calculations along with radiation transport codes. Various approaches to entry calculations are presented. It is indicated that only certain aspects of the aerothermal environment can be simulated in the laboratory and that although flight experiments are becoming feasible they are so expensive that they are prohibitive. Recommendations for further study are included.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Dynatrend, Inc. Proc. of Outer Planet Probe Technol. Workshop, Sect. 1 through 11; 20 p
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  • 85
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    A general purpose stabilised balloon platform (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of a three axis stabilized balloon platform capable of being operated in three modes of increasing accuracy is discussed. The system relies on angular motion sensing for primary feedback with linear accelerometers, magnetometers, and a star sensor for positional information. When under primary control the system will acquire and stabilize on any accessible part of the celestial sphere. A video verification system is included to provide pointing confirmation. Under improved accuracy control, the star sensor is used to lock onto a target star.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 284-293
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  • 86
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    Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories balloon operations (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The establishment and functions of the AFCRL balloon operations facility are discussed. The types of research work conducted by the facility are defined. The facilities which support the balloon programs are described. The free balloon and tethered balloon capabilities are analyzed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 160-164
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  • 87
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    Balloon platform for extended-life astronomy research (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A configuration has been developed for a long-life balloon platform to carry pointing telescopes weighing as much as 80 pounds (36 kg) to point at selected celestial targets. A platform of this configuration weighs about 375 pounds (170 kg) gross and can be suspended from a high altitude super pressure balloon for a lifetime of several months. The balloon platform contains a solar array and storage batteries for electrical power, up and down link communications equipment, and navigational and attitude control systems for orienting the scientific instrument. A biaxial controller maintains the telescope attitude in response to look-angle data stored in an on-board computer memory which is updated periodically by ground command. Gimbal angles are computed by using location data derived by an on-board navigational receiver.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 136-144
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  • 88
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    An orientable, stabilized balloon-borne gondola for around-the-world flights (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A system capable of pointing a balloon-borne telescope at selected celestial objects to an accuracy of approximately 10 arc minutes for an extended period (weeks to months) without reliance on telemetry is described. A unique combination of a sun/star tracker, an on-board computer, and a gyrocompass is utilized for navigation, source acquisition and tracking, and data compression and recording. The possibilities for intelligent activities by the computer are also discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 71-80
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  • 89
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    Prediction of pump cavitation performance (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A method for predicting pump cavitation performance with various liquids, liquid temperatures, and rotative speeds is presented. Use of the method requires that two sets of test data be available for the pump of interest. Good agreement between predicted and experimental results of cavitation performance was obtained for several pumps operated in liquids which exhibit a wide range of properties. Two cavitation parameters which qualitatively evaluate pump cavitation performance are also presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 2; p 733-755
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  • 90
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    Calculation of flow distribution in large radius ratio stages of axial flow turbines and comparison of theory and experiment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A method of calculating stage parameters and flow distribution of axial turbines is described. The governing equations apply to space between the blade rows and are based on the assumption of rotationally symmetrical, compressible, adiabatic flow conditions. Results are presented for stage design and flow analysis calculations. Theoretical results from the calculation system are compared with experimental data from low pressure steam turbine tests.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 2; p 565-580
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  • 91
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    Compressibility effects in the Kemp-Sears Problem (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The effects of including compressibility in the Kemp-Sears problem of aerodynamic interference between moving blade rows are examined. Methods of linearized, subsonic, plane, unsteady flow are adopted. The major new effect is that a resonance appears at certain combinations of flow Mach number, tip Mach number, and blade vane ratios. The resonance is at exactly the Tyler-Sofrin cutoff condition for rotor-stator interaction. At such conditions the unsteady lift on a blade row due to externally imposed nonstationary upwash vanishes. However, the resonance appears to be very sharp and seems to be more significant as an indication that around this condition the unsteady lift changes very rapidly.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 2; p 513-533
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  • 92
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    Sound radiation from a subsonic rotor subjected to turbulence (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The broadband sound radiated by a subsonic rotor subjected to turbulence in the approach stream has been analyzed. The power spectral density of the sound intensity has been found to depend on a characteristic time scale-namely, the integral scale of the turbulence divided by the axial flow velocity-as well as several length-scale ratios. These consist of the ratio of the integral scale to the acoustic wavelength, rotor radius, and blade chord. Due to the simplified model chosen, only a limited number of cascade parameters appear. Limited comparisons with experimental data indicate good agreement with predicted values.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 2; p 493-512
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  • 93
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    Multiple pure tone noise generated by fans at supersonic tip speeds (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The existence of clusters of pure tones at integral multiples of shaft speed has been noted for supersonic-tip-speed operation of fans and compressors. A continuing program to explore this phenomenon, often called combination-tone noise, has been in effect for several years. This paper reviews the research program, which involves a wide range of engines, compressor rigs, and special apparatus. Elements of the aerodynamics of the blade-associated shock waves are outlined and causes of blade-to-blade shock inequalities, responsible for the multiple tones, are described.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 2; p 435-459
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  • 94
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    Broadband sound radiated from subsonic rotors (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Recent theoretical work on sound sources in subsonic turbomachinery is applied to the correlation of axial-flow fan and compressor noise measurements. Correlations are presented for directivity and sound-power spectra associated with broadband noise. A simple explanation is given to account for the relative amounts of sound power transmitted upstream and downstream from a single-stage fan.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 2; p 461-492
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  • 95
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    Sources of sound in fluid flows (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Some features of a flow that produce acoustic radiation, particularly when the flow is turbulent and interacting with solid surfaces such as turbine or compressor blades are discussed. Early theoretical ideas on the subject are reviewed and are shown to be inadequate at high Mach number. Some recent theoretical developments that form the basis of a description of sound generation by supersonic flows interacting with surfaces are described. At high frequencies the problem is treated as one of describing the surface-induced diffraction field of adjacent aerodynamic quadrupole sources. This approach has given rise to distinctly new features of the problem that seem to have bearing on the radiating properties of relatively large aerodynamic surfaces.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 2; p 425-434
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  • 96
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    Boundary layers in centrifugal compressors (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The utility of boundary-layer theory in the design of centrifugal compressors is demonstrated. Boundary-layer development in the diffuser entry region is shown to be important to stage efficiency. The result of an earnest attempt to analyze this boundary layer with the best tools available is displayed. Acceptable prediction accuracy was not achieved. The inaccuracy of boundary-layer analysis in this case would result in stage efficiency prediction as much as four points low. Fluid dynamic reasons for analysis failure are discussed with support from flow data. Empirical correlations used today to circumnavigate the weakness of the theory are illustrated.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 1; p 301-337
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  • 97
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    Physical effects in cavitating flows (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The microscopic and macroscopic aspects of the physical effects of cavitating flows are discussed. The microscopic features are related to the properties of nuclei in liquids and to the moderate tensile strengths which are usually encountered in flows. The macroscopic features are concerned with the growth of vapor or gaseous cavities from a small initial size and with their eventual collapse. Mathematical models are developed to analyze the characteristics of: (1) tensile strength in liquids, (2) growth of vapor bubbles, and (3) collapse of vapor bubbles.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 1; p 341-354
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  • 98
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    Prediction of turbulent shear layers in turbomachines (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The characteristics of turbulent shear layers in turbomachines are compared with the turbulent boundary layers on airfoils. Seven different aspects are examined. The limits of boundary layer theory are investigated. Boundary layer prediction methods are applied to analysis of the flow in turbomachines.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustic, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 1; p 251-277
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  • 99
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    Three-dimensional flow in transonic axial compressor blade rows (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Recent developments in the three-dimensional aerodynamic theory of inviscid flow in transonic axial compressors are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the newly completed lifting surface theory of a transonic ducted rotor. The relationship between the lifting surface theory and axisymmetric through-theories of turbomachines is illustrated; a few examples of the additional information obtainable from the new theory are then given. Quasi-two-dimensional cascade theory can also be extracted from the present analysis and the relevance of cascade theory to the actual three-dimensional problem assessed. Details are reported elsewhere, but some of the qualitative conclusions are discussed here. Even moderate departure from uniform spanwise loading of the rotor blades, for example, leads to a rather profound influence of the downstream wakes, suggesting the need for considerable care in applying cascade data on a direct quasi-two-dimensional basis.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 1; p 155-172
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  • 100
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    Secondary vorticity in axial compressor blade rows (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A theoretical investigation of secondary flow in compressor blade rows is presented. Formulas for calculating secondary flows in annular cascade blade passages are derived. The influence of the relative rotation vector on secondary velocity perturbations, using recent developments in shear-flow theory, is examined. A method of calculating the flow through successive blade rows is given and a comparison is made with experimental results.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Pennsylvania State Univ. Fluid Mech., Acoustics, and Design of Turbomachinery, Pt. 1; p 173-204
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