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  • Organic Chemistry  (8.620)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (3.697)
  • PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR  (2.901)
  • 42.75
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
  • 1970-1974  (7.966)
  • 1965-1969  (7.600)
  • 1950-1954  (2.115)
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  • 1
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    The pendant drop: Theory and experiment (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drop and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 304-321
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  • 2
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    Pressure waves in bubbly liquids (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 405-413
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Deformation and burst of single drops in a viscous fluid (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 390-464
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Liquid drop behavior in weightlessness from Skylab (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 629-631
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Nonlinear effects on droplet deformation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 372-389
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    On the production of bubbles by focused laser light (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 322-337
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  • 7
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    The motion of bubbles and drops in liquids (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 300-303
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Some aspects on dynamics of nonspherical bubbles and liquid drops (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 338-356
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    On the growth and collapse of vapor bubbles at liquid/liquid interfaces (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 606-616
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Growth mechanisms for urban aerosol particles (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 553-570
    Format: text
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  • 11
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    Water drop interactions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 487-505
    Format: text
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  • 12
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    Models of spherical cap bubbles (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 414-426
    Format: text
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  • 13
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    On the oscillations of drops and bubbles in viscous liquids (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-10-30
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: JPL Proc. of the Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles, Vol. 2; p 357-371
    Format: text
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  • 14
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    Possibility of using sources of vacuum ultraviolet irradiation to solve problems of space material science (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: An urgent problem in space materials science is simulating the interaction of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) of solar emission with solids in space conditions, that is, producing a light source with a distribution that approximates the distribution of solar energy. Information is presented on the distribution of the energy flux of VUV of solar radiation. Requirements that must be satisfied by the VUV source used for space materials science are formulated, and a critical evaluation is given of the possibilities of using existing sources for space materials science. From this evaluation it was established that none of the sources of VUV satisfies the specific requirements imposed on the simulator of solar radiation. A solution to the problem was found to be in the development of a new type of source based on exciting a supersonic gas jet flowing into vacuum with a sense electron beam. A description of this gas-jet source, along with its spectral and operation characteristics, is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 102-123
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  • 15
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    Effect of small flares in the neutral component of secondary cosmic radiation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: The results are presented of an investigation of the effect of small flares, scale divisions 1 and 1(+), in the neutron component of secondary cosmic radiation from the data of neutron supermonitors at the stations of Kiev, Bukhta Tiksi, and Deep River. It is shown that flares of scale divisions 1 and 1(+) are accompanied by an effect in the neutron component amounting to about 0.4%. A mechanism is presented for calculating the outflow of particles accelerated in small flares, owing to diffusion across the magnetic field of a trap.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 77-85
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  • 16
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    Analysis of the nature of excessive cosmic radiation in the area of the Brazilian magnetic anomaly at altitudes 250-500km, from Kosmos-225 satellite data (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Results are presented from a study of the region of anomalous cosmic radiation in the area of the Brazilian magnetic anomaly at the altitudes 250-500 km, using data measurements taken on the Kosmos-225 satellite (14-29 June 1968). The existence of a stable intensity anomaly discovered in the experiments on the second and third Soviet spacecraft-satellites is confirmed. The total vector of the geomagnetic field at different altitudes was compared with isoline maps. An altitude profile of the South Atlantic anomaly of radiation intensity was obtained, using data from the same instrument. The nature of the anomalies in cosmic radiation intensity over the regions of negative magnetic anomalies is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 86-94
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  • 17
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    Acceleration of solar cosmic rays during chromospheric flares (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Using the Fokker-Planck equation, an examination is made of the acceleration of charged particles by fluctuational electric fields caused by the propagation of intense radio emission in the long-wave range. Correlation functions of electric fields near the boundary of plasma instability were computed. The interaction of charged particles with these fields is examined. It is shown that due to the interaction of particles with fluctuational fields, solar cosmic rays can be accelerated to energies of E=100 to 1000 MeV.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 69-76
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  • 18
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    Chromospheric flares and sudden commencements of geomagnetic storms (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: A catalogue of flare activity was compiled during 1957-1967 (the solar activity cycle). By comparing all reliable SC during this period with chromospheric flares, the following conclusions are drawn; (1) There is no statistically significant correlation between SC and chromospheric flares. (2) The assumption that a shock wave propagates throughout the entire hemisphere is unjustified and contradicts the fact of recurrence of SC. (3) A statistically significant correlation was established between SC and chromospheric flares, that is, a relationship between a SC and the moment that a flare active region transits the Central Meridian. (4) SC are caused by shock waves or tangential discontinuities formed at the western boundary of the quasisteady directed corpuscular flux or at the boundary between sectors.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 61-68
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  • 19
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    The influence of the computational mesh on accuracy for initial value problems with discontinuous or nonunique solutions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Discontinuous, or weak, solutions of the wave equation, the inviscid form of Burgers equation, and the time-dependent, two-dimensional Euler equations are studied. A numerical method of second-order accuracy in two forms, differential and integral, is used to calculate the weak solutions of these equations for several initial value problems, including supersonic flow past a wedge, a double symmetric wedge, and a sphere. The effect of the computational mesh on the accuracy of computed weak solutions including shock waves and expansion phenomena is studied. Modifications to the finite-difference method are presented which aid in obtaining desired solutions for initial value problems in which the solutions are nonunique.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Computers and Fluids; 2; Dec. 197
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  • 20
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    Hypersonic flows generated by parabolic and paraboloidal shock waves (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A computer algorithm has been developed to determine the blunt-body flowfields supporting symmetric parabolic and paraboloidal shock waves at infinite free-stream Mach number. Solutions are expressed in an analytic form as high-order power series, in the coordinate normal to the shock, whose coefficients can be determined exactly. Analytic continuation is provided by the use of Pade approximations. Test cases provide solutions of very high accuracy. In the axisymmetric case for gamma equals 715 the solution has been found far downstream, where it agrees with the modified blast-wave results. For plane flow, on the other hand, a limit line appears within the shock layer, a short distance past the sonic line, suggesting the presence of an imbedded shock. Local solutions in the downstream limit are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Physics of Fluids; 17; Oct. 197
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  • 21
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    Lifting-surface theory for a semi-infinite wing in oblique gust (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An unsteady lifting-surface theory is developed for the calculation of the airload on a semi-infinite-span thin wing in a compressible flow due to interaction with an oblique gust. By using the solutions obtained for a two-dimensional wing, the problem is formulated so that the unknown is taken to be the difference between the airload on the semi-infinite wing and that on a two-dimensional wing under the same gust conditions. Since this airload difference is nonzero only near the wing tip, the control points need be distributed in the tip region only; this significantly simplifies the numerical procedure. Results are presented for a wing with rectangular tip. The implication for noise and unsteady loads due to blade-vortex interaction for helicopter rotors is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 22
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    Planetary entry aerothermodynamics. II - Computational analyses and flight experience (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Limitations concerning the possibility to simulate all the significant flow and thermal phenomena occurring during the entry of a space vehicle into a planetary atmosphere make it necessary to rely on computational analyses to obtain the required data for the design of the spacecraft needed for the NASA missions planned for the next two decades. 'Benchmark' computer programs concerned with complete, detailed, and accurate computational solutions of entry problems are considered along with programs representing engineering approximations for cases in which the accuracy provided by the benchmark programs is not needed. The information obtainable by computational analysis has to be supplemented by actual flight experience in order to meet the goals of the NASA entry-technology program. The individual space missions planned for the coming years are examined together with the possibilities for obtaining the data needed to satisfy the entry requirements in each case.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 12; Dec. 197
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  • 23
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    Radiation from an array of gray circular fins of trapezoidal profile (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A numerical method is developed to calculate the temperature distribution and radiation heat transfer for an annular fin and tube radiator, with fins having trapezoidal profiles. All surfaces are assumed gray and to emit and reflect diffusely. Radiative interactions between adjacent fins and between the fins and tube are included. The thermal conductivity of the fin material may vary linearly with temperature. Results of a parametric study of the special case of circular fins of triangular profile having constant thermal conductivity are presented and used to optimize a fin array with respect to minimum weight.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; Nov. 197
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  • 24
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    Rigidity spectrum of z greater than or equal to 3 cosmic-ray nuclei in the range 4-285 GV and a search for cosmic antimatter (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A measurement, using the magnetic emulsion spectrometer system, of the differential rigidity spectrum of Z greater than or equal to 3 nuclei of the galactic cosmic radiation is presented. The system was flown on Aug. 22, 1969, from Palestine, Texas. The instrument floated above 125,000 feet for eight hours. The data in the rigidity range 8-285 GV can be represented by a power-law spectrum in rigidity, J(rho) = A rho to the minus gamma power, with the exponent gamma = 2.6 plus or minus 0.10. The spectrum in the range 15-285 GV is also described by the same exponent, gamma = 2.6 plus or minus 0.25. The data below 8 GV cannot be described by the same power law without invoking solar modulation. A set of nonunique parameters for modulation are given. Upper limit for the fraction of antimatter in the rigidity range 4-125 GV is .005 with 95% confidence limit.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 25
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    Measurements of wall heat transfer in the presence of large-amplitude combustion-driven oscillations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: In the studies reported use was made of the T-burner to obtain a correlation between the average heat transfer coefficient along the burner and the amplitude of the flow oscillations. The T-burner used consists of a centrally-vented cylindrical chamber with disks of solid propellant bonded in each end. The obtained data provide a basis for predicting heat transfer rates in other combustion chambers containing oscillatory flows.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Materialart: Combustion Science and Technology; 9; 1-2,; 1974
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  • 26
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    The distribution of cosmic rays in the galaxy and their dynamics as deduced from recent gamma ray observations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Data from SAS-2 on the galactic gamma ray line flux as a function of longitude is examined. It is shown that the gamma ray emissivity varies with galactocentric distance and is about an order of magnitude higher than the local value in a toroidal region between 4 and 5 kpc from the galactic center. This enhancement is accounted for in part by first-order Fermi acceleration, compression, and trapping of cosmic rays consistent with present ideas of galactic dynamics and galactic structure theory. Calculations indicate that cosmic rays in the 4 to 5 kpc region are trapped and accelerated over a mean time of the order of a few million years or about 2 to 4 times the assumed trapping time in the solar region of the galaxy on the assumption that only an increased cosmic ray flux is responsible for the observed emission. Cosmic ray nucleons, cosmic ray electrons, and ionized hydrogen gas were found to have a strikingly similar distribution in the galaxy according to both the observational data and the theoretical model discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 241-248
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  • 27
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    Observations of discrete gamma ray sources with SAS-2 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Compact gamma ray sources centered on the Crab nebula and the Vela X supernova remnant are considered. An excess in the galactic radiation was observed in both regions. Data indicate that a large fraction of this flux is pulsed. The excess from the Vela region could reflect either a large-scale galactic feature, such as a superposition of spiral arm segments, or it could be associated with the Vela supernova remnant. Low-energy gamma ray bursts were observed in the SAS-2 anticoincidence shielding.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 273-277
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  • 28
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    Cosmic electrons (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The published literature on cosmic electrons is summarized. The primary and secondary sources of cosmic electrons are discussed, and the propagation of the electrons in the interstellar medium is studied with respect to energy loss mechanisms, age distributions, and spectral modifications during flight. Various portions of the electron and positron spectra are then considered in relation to problems of astrophysics. New information is presented on such topics as the origin of low-energy positrons, the decay kinematics of the pi-mu-e process, the application of age distributions for nuclear cosmic rays to cosmic electrons, and the possibility of nonidentical sources for cosmic electrons and protons.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
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  • 29
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    Analysis of acoustic radiation in a jet flow environment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The analysis of sound fields from arbitrary source distributions in terms of Legendre and spherical Hankel functions is well known. The purpose of this paper is to extend this classical method of analysis to environments such as jet flows where flow and flow gradients are inherently present. The wave-equation governing the radiation of sound in such an environment is derived. The steady state flow and flow gradients in the axial and transverse directions appear as coefficients in the terms of the wave-equation. A semi-numerical method is used to solve the wave-equation in terms of modified spherical harmonics yielding the phase velocities and the directivities of an infinite set of modes. The directivity of each mode is obtained in terms of modified Legendre functions by numerical integration. Some results of these directivity and phase-velocity calculations are presented for a limited number of frequency and flow parameters. Both convective and shear refraction are shown to be important.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 36; Sept. 8
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  • 30
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    Proton-deuteron double scattering (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A simple but accurate form for the proton-deuteron elastic double scattering amplitude, which includes both projectile and target recoil motion and is applicable at all momentum transfer, is derived by taking advantage of the restricted range of Fermi momentum allowed by the deuteron wave function. This amplitude can be directly compared to approximations which have neglected target recoil or are limited to small momentum transfer; the target recoil and large momentum transfer effects are evaluated explicitly within the context of a Gaussian model.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics; vol. 10
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  • 31
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    Solar particles /observations, relationship to the sun acceleration, interplanetary medium/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The major features of the propagation of flare particles in the interplanetary medium are discussed in terms of the classic well-behaved flare having unique impulsive injection and a smooth time profile. Topics include flare events, their frequency of occurrence, development of a typical event, energy spectra, proton and electron types, charge and isotopic composition, solar flares and particle accelerations, radio and X-ray observations, the Fermi mechanism, the betatron mechanism, acceleration models, plasma instabilities, two-stage acceleration, propagation mechanisms, the anisotropic stage, the diffusive stage, and the convection and energy loss stage.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
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  • 32
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    Characterization of charge states of energetic ions in solids from associated K X-ray production (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The strong projectile-charge-state dependence of K X-ray production in gases establishes a charge-state scale for ions penetrating solids. Si K X-ray cross sections in gaseous SiH4 were compared to those in solid Si for 40-MeV O (6+ to 8+) and 86-MeV Ar (6+ to 16+) projectiles. For Ar an effective charge of 11 plus or minus one is found compared to an emergent charge of 14.8 plus or minus 0.5. The result is discussed in terms of alternate models for steady-state excitation in solids.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review Letters; 33; Sept. 23
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  • 33
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    Unified approach to aerodynamic sound generation in the presence of solid boundaries (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A general equation governing aerodynamic sound generation in the presence of solid boundaries is derived. It is shown that all the theories in the literature appear as special cases of this general equation. Derived special equations for propeller and fan noise are likewise shown to be more general than the conventional equations in that they make allowance for variation in retarded time over the blade surfaces.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 56
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    Spin projection of single-determinant wavefunctions (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The components of the one- and two-particle density matrices resulting from spin projection of a single-determinant wave function are rederived by the method of expansion in terms of the natural orbitals of charge density, and the results are found to diverge from those given by Harriman and Sando for the two-particle case. The theory is generalized to include molecules with unequal numbers of electrons and basis orbitals and is applied to a number of organic molecules and ions. The correctness and internal consistency of the results argue in favor of the modification described.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Journal of Chemical Physics; 61; Aug. 1
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  • 35
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    New interferometric observations of Ar I in the photographic region (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Optical Society of America; vol. 64
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  • 36
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    Sweet's mechanism in the solar wind (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Sweet (1956, 1958) proposed a mechanism for the rapid, steady-state dissipation of a magnetic field in a resistive plasma. It is shown that Sweet's mechanism operates in the interplanetary medium near 1 AU in structures which Burlaga and Ness (1968) have identified and called D-sheets. The basic equations are considered of a specific mathematical model provided by Parker (1963) for the case of antiparallel fields and incompressible flow. The theoretical conclusions are related to interplanetary observations.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 191; Aug. 1
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  • 37
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    Automatic numerical generation of body-fitted curvilinear coordinate system for field containing any number of arbitrary two-dimensional bodies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A method for automatic numerical generation of a general curvilinear coordinate system with coordinate lines coincident with all boundaries of a general multi-connected region containing any number of arbitrarily shaped bodies is presented. With this procedure the numerical solution of a partial differential system may be done on a fixed rectangular field with a square mesh with no interpolation required regardless of the shape of the physical boundaries, regardless of the spacing of the curvilinear coordinate lines in the physical field, and regardless of the movement of the coordinate system. Numerical solutions for the lifting and nonlifting potential flow about Joukowski and Karman-Trefftz airfoils using this coordinate system generation show excellent comparison with the analytic solutions. The application to fields with multiple bodies is illustrated by a potential flow solution for multiple airfoils.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Computational Physics; 15; July 197
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  • 38
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    Analysis of propagation of waves of acoustic frequencies in curved ducts (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The propagation of waves of acoustic frequencies in curved ducts of rectangular cross section is studied for the first four modes. The analysis makes use of Bessel functions of the order (n + 1/2) to construct curves of wavenumber in the duct versus imposed wavenumber and to determine the profile of vibrational velocities. A wide range of duct widths and unrestricted radii of curvature have been considered. The characteristics of motion in a bend are compared with propagation of waves in a straight duct, and important differences in the behavior of waves are noted.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 56
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  • 39
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    Relative cross section and depolarization of NOCl (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A standard photon counting technique and an argon-ion laser with 4545, 4579, 4727, 4765, 4880, 4965, 5017 and 5145-A lasing lines, providing a measurable Raman spectrum from NOCl, were used in the measurement of the Raman scattering cross section of NOCl at a Raman shift of 334.4 plus or minus 1.6/cm in relation to the N2 Raman cross section. A polarization analyzer and a quartz wedge were placed in front of the entrance slit of the double monochromator for depolarization measurements. Diagrams are plotted to show the scattering cross section and depolarization measurement results.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Applied Physics Letters; 25; Aug. 15
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  • 40
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    Axial flow measurements in trailing vortices (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A scanning laser Doppler velocimeter was used to measure the axial velocity defect in the cores of trailing vortices behind a lifting airfoil of rectangular planform. Data were obtained at several different angles of attack and downstream distances ranging from 30 to 1000 chord lengths. The test was designed to obtain continuous data from the near field into the far field while removing uncertainties associated with the interpretation of data obtained by the hydrogen bubble technique. The measured velocities of V sub x/U sub infinity are compared with those predicted. The agreement is remarkably good over the entire range of downstream distances, which supports the credibility of calculating axial velocities using the results of Moore and Saffman (1973).
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; Aug. 197
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  • 41
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    The distribution of cosmic rays in the Galaxy and their dynamics as deduced from recent gamma-ray observations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recent data from SAS-2 on the galactic gamma-ray line flux as a function of longitude reveal a broad maximum in the gamma-ray intensity in the longitude region less than or equal to 30 deg. These data, when unfolded, imply that the low-energy (1 to 10 GeV) galactic cosmic-ray flux varies with galactocentric distance and is about an order of magnitude higher than the local value in a toroidal region between 4 and 5 kpc from the galactic center. It is further shown that this enhancement can be plausibly accounted for by first-order Fermi acceleration, compression, and trapping of cosmic rays consistent with present ideas of galactic dynamics and galactic structure theory. Calculations indicate that cosmic rays in the 4- to 5-kpc region are trapped and accelerated over a mean time of the order of a few million years or about 2 to 4 times the assumed trapping time in the solar region of the Galaxy.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 191; July 15
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  • 42
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    Addendum to 'Autoionization states in He and H/-/ by the stabilization method' (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The positions of the resonances calculated by the stabilization method can be improved by inclusion of the shift as given by Hazi and Fels. It is also indicated that the phase shifts calculated by the Harris method at incident energies corresponding to the stabilized roots give the positions and the widths of the resonances reasonably well.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 10
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  • 43
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    Differential cross sections for electron impact ionization of helium (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 10
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  • 44
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    Origin of QSO absorption lines (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Consideration of the origin of the absorption lines in QSOs with observed absolute redshifts much less than the empirical values. As a possible alternative to the plasmoid mechanism for decreasing the relatively large possible macroscopic or bulk motions in QSO clouds, it is shown that certain large relative bulk motions in QSO clouds can be dissipated without the presence of strong magnetic fields and without large adiabatic expansions. The essence of the argument is that a cloud with convergent internal velocities can coalesce inelastically, because the internal kinetic energy can be dissipated and radiated away. There are thus indications that observed QSO absorption clouds may have their origin in clouds with internal velocities which are convergent.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Nature; 250; July 26
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  • 45
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    478-keV and 431-keV line emissions from alpha-alpha reactions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 191; July 1
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  • 46
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    1.0 arc second structure on the sun at 3.71 cm wavelength (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Solar Physics; 36; June 197
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  • 47
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    Ionization equilibrium in soft X-ray-emitting solar flares (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Studies of the 1.9-A line produced by highly ionized iron during a solar flare indicate that this emission occurs under conditions approaching a steady-state ionization equilibrium. Time-dependent and steady-state ionization equilibrium values are used for calculation of 1.9 A line fluxes per unit flare emission. The results are compared with those obtained by observations of some four solar flares, showing that the calculations from time-dependent equilibrium values approximate the observed line flux values with the same accuracy as the calculations from steady-state equilibrium values only when the electron densities are equal to or greater than 10 billion per cu cm.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Solar Physics; 36; June 197
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  • 48
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    Solar longitude dependence of some characteristics of type III radio bursts from metric to hectometric wavelengths (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Using the observed data for metric and hectometric type III radio bursts, the dependence of burst characteristics on the solar longitude has been examined over a wide frequency range. It is found that there exists and east-west asymmetry for the extension of metric type III bursts into the hectometric wavelength range. In particular, hectometric bursts are rarely observed for solar flares associated with metric bursts east of 60 E solar longitude. Furthermore, for east longitudes, the low-frequency radio observations show a large dispersion in drift time interval.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Solar Physics; 36; May 1974
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  • 49
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    On helium-like 1s2l-1snl prime transitions in solar flare spectra (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Expected wavelengths and intensities are computed for 1s2l-1snl prime transitions in helium-like ions of the abundant elements from oxygen to iron under coronal conditions. Probable observations of some of these lines in the spectra of solar flares are discussed, and attention is called to a possible reversal of singlet and triplet intensities as compared to laboratory observations.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Solar Physics; 36; May 1974
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  • 50
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    The Fokker-Planck coefficient for pitch-angle scattering of cosmic rays (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: For the case of homogeneous, isotropic magnetic field fluctuations, it is shown that most theories which are based on the quasi-linear and adiabatic approximations yield the same integral for the Fokker-Planck coefficient for the pitch-angle scattering of cosmic rays. For example, despite apparent differences, the theories due to Jokipii and to Klimas and Sandri yield the same integral. It is also shown, however, that this integral in most cases has been evaluated incorrectly in the past. For small pitch angles, the errors in previous evaluations are fortuitously of minor importance. For large pitch angles, however, these errors become more significant; and for pitch angles of 90 deg, the actual Fokker-Planck coefficient contains a delta function which has been overlooked in the past. The implications of these corrections on the possibility of relating cosmic-ray diffusion coefficients to observed properties of the interplanetary magnetic field are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 190; June 1
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  • 51
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    Vortex measurements behind a swept wing transport model (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A backscatter laser Doppler velocimeter which simultaneously senses the axial and the tangential components of the velocity has been used to measure the velocity distributions in the near wake of a swept wing semispan transport model in a wind tunnel. The model configuration included nacelles, pylons, antishock bodies, and wing flaps which could be deflected 27 deg. Typical wake vortex velocity profiles are presented for the flaps-retracted and the flaps-deployed 27 deg configurations, respectively.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 11; June 197
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  • 52
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    Electron avalanche in liquid xenon (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurements in liquid Xe are reported of the characteristic function that describes the avalanche, the first Townsend coefficient. An electron avalanche occurs when the drifting electrons attain sufficient kinetic energy from the electric field to cause additional ionization. Data on the avalanche were obtained by studying the pulses in a liquid-filled proportional chamber as a function of applied voltage and anode diameter. The results of the investigation show that the avalanche of free electrons in purified liquid Xe is adequately described by the same formalism used for the avalanche of electrons in gases.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 9
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  • 53
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    Empirical solar proton model for orbiting spacecraft applications (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An empirical model for energetic solar proton fluxes is presented. With this model the effects of such protons on geocentric space missions, to be flown during the next solar active period (1977-1983), and with orbits involving partial magnetospheric shielding, may be estimated. A synoptic background review is given, followed by a detailed discussion of the model's use, errors, uncertainties, and limitations, including sample calculations which demonstrate the application of specific or general project missions. Finally, for circular trajectories, percentage exposure maps are presented, depicting fractional mission times spent outside particular L shells as functions of orbit altitude and inclination.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; AES-10; July 197
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  • 54
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    Solar proton fluences for 1977-1983 space missions (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The probability with which any given solar proton fluence level will be exceeded during a space mission is computed for mission to be flown during the active phase of the next solar cycle (1977-1983). This probability is a function of fluence level, proton energy threshold, and mission duration. Calculations are based on 1966-1972 data only. In estimating mission fluences, a distinction is made between ordinary and anomalously large events. Probable numbers of each type of event are estimated from Burrell's extension of Poisson statistics. Fluences of all anomalously large events are assumed to have a spectrum given by the August 1972 event, while fluences of the ordinary events are assumed to obey a log normal distribution.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; June 197
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  • 55
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    Dipole and quadrupole integrals for the C I, N I, and O I sequences (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The Coulomb approximation tables of Oertel and Shomo, together with binding-energy values obtained by a screening approximation, have been used to produce values of the dipole and quadrupole radial integrals needed in obtaining transition probabilities for ions of six, seven, and eight electrons. Some comparisons with more rigorously calculated values show that the present values are quite accurate, especially for ions of higher atomic number.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: vol. 27; Mar. 197
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  • 56
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    The anomalous abundance of cosmic-ray nitrogen and oxygen nuclei at low energies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recent measurements using the Goddard-University of New Hampshire cosmic-ray telescope on the Pioneer 10 spacecraft have revealed an anomalous spectrum of nitrogen and oxygen nuclei relative to other nuclei such as He and C, in the energy range 3-30 MeV per nucleon. The intensity of nitrogen and oxygen nuclei is enhanced by a factor of up to 20 relative to their abundance in galactic or solar cosmic rays. It is argued that this is most likely a new extrasolar component of cosmic rays.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 187; Feb. 1
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  • 57
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    Quadrupole moment of CO, N2, and NO/+/ (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Evaluation of quadrupole moments obtained for CO, N2, and NO(+) with multiconfiguration self-consistent-field wave functions chosen by the optimized valence configuration (OVC) approach of Wahl and Das (1972). The quadrupole moments thus obtained are compared with both experimental and Hartree-Fock values. The Hartree-Fock results are found to be not very accurate for N2, especially if vibrational averages over vibrational levels greater than 1 or 2 are to be taken. The agreement between the OVC quadrupole moment and the experimental values is found to be best for CO.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Journal of Chemical Physics; 60; Apr. 1
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    An upper limit on soft X-ray pulsations from the pulsar PSR 0833-45 (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The Vela pulsar PSR 0833-45, located in the Vela X nebula, has the second shortest period of any of the known radio pulsars. Soft X-ray observations are described which place an upper limit of 0.3% on the pulsed fraction of the Vela pulsar relative to the flux from the entire Vela X Nebula, in the 0.5- to 1.0-keV energy band. The present results are about a factor of 7 below the value of 2% measured by Harnden and Gorenstein (1973) for the pulsed fraction relative to the flux from the Vela X Nebula.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 189; May 1
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  • 59
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    Crystallization of dense neutron matter (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The equation of state for cold neutron matter at high density is studied in the t-matrix formulation, and it is shown that energetically it is convenient to have neutrons in a crystalline configuration rather than in a liquid state for values of the density exceeding 1600 Tg/cu cm. The study of the mechanical properties indicates that the system is stable against shearing stresses. A solid core in the deep interior of heavy neutron stars appears to offer the most plausible explanation of speed-ups observed in the Vela pulsar.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review D - Particles and Fields; vol. 9
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  • 60
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    /p, t/ reactions on odd-A nuclei and the weak-coupling core-excitation model (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physics Letters; 49B; Apr. 1
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    The helium component of solar wind velocity streams (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Systematic variations of the properties of the helium constituent of the solar wind in the velocity streams are described. It is found that the helium abundance varies by about a factor of 2 as the stream is crossed. The velocity of the helium differs from that of the hydrogen by a few kilometers per second throughout much of the stream structure. This velocity difference is greatest immediately after the proton density peak passes, the helium velocity being typically 20 km/sec faster than the protons at that position in the stream. A sharp dip in the helium to proton temperature ratio is centered on the proton density peak. Although it appears reasonable that at least the velocity and temperature effects are due to the dynamic interactions of the two streams, it is not yet clear exactly what physical processes are directly involved in producing the effects described here.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Mar. 1
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    Reinvestigation of rotational-line intensity factors in diatomic spectra (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The theory of the intensity factors of rotational lines in diatomic molecular spectra is reviewed with an emphasis on removing obscurities and resolving ambiguities that exist. For example, a unified intensity-factor sum rule is derived that is valid for all spin-allowed and spin-forbidden dipole transitions. Further, it is shown that the electronic transition moments can always be chosen to be real and that a few simple rules ensure the application of consistent phase factors.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: vol. 27; Jan. 197
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  • 63
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    Rigorous precision p-wave positron-hydrogen scattering calculation (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Rigorous lower-bound p-wave positron-hydrogen phase shifts are calculated below the positronium pickup threshold. The wave function is expanded in terms of the two linearly independent D functions each multiplied by an associated Hilleraas-type radial function with two parameters. Adiabatic and nonadiabatic corrections have been included. The results are found to be larger than Armstead's (1968) in all cases near the upper edge of his estimated uncertainty.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 9
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    Angular distributions and polarization fractions of helium resonance radiation /n 1P-1 1S/ in the extreme ultraviolet (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Angular intensity distributions of helium resonance photons, experimentally determined for the first time with respect to the exciting electron beam, are presented. The angular intensity distributions were measured at selected electron-impact energies from 25 to 150 eV. The results obtained are slightly higher than theoretical data for electron impact energies from 80 to 150 eV.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 9
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    Annihilation during positron-hydrogen collisions (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Using the precision s- and p-wave elastic-scattering wave functions obtained previously, we have calculated the annihilation rate for positrons colliding with hydrogen atoms below the positronium-formation threshold. The s-wave results agree well with those of Humberston, while the p-wave results, which are new, contribute about 20% of the total at the higher energies.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 9
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  • 66
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    Photoionization from excited states of helium (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 9
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  • 67
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    Shock shapes of blunt bodies in hypersonic helium, air, and CO2 flows (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A primary factor governing hypersonic flowfield characteristics of blunt vehicles entering planetary atmospheres is the normal shock density ratio. Hence, a means of duplicating or simulating the high density ratios experienced during planetary entry is needed. One facility having the capability of generating a range of hypersonic-hypervelocity flow conditions in arbitrary test gases is the expansion tube. Preliminary shock shape results obtained in the Langley 6-in. expansion tube at hypersonic conditions are presented. Normal shock density ratios from approximately 4 to 19 were generated using helium, air, and CO2 test gases at freestream velocities from 5 to 7 km/sec. Test models were a flat-faced cylinder and the Viking aeroshell.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; Mar. 197
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  • 68
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    Effects of heavy ions on electron temperatures in the solar corona and solar wind (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The effects of the reduction in the thermal conductivity due to heavy ions on electron temperatures in the solar corona and solar wind are examined. Large enhancements of heavy ions in the corona appear to be necessary to give appreciable changes in the thermal gradient of the electrons. These enhancements, if they should occur, may contribute to the understanding of some low values of solar wind temperature measurements at 1 AU.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Jan. 1
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  • 69
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    Some effects of diffusion on the flow of ions in the solar wind (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The contribution of diffusive effects to the near equality of flow velocities of H+ and heavier ions of the solar wind at 1 AU is examined. Frictional drag on heavy ions from average solar wind fluxes of H+ appears to make an appreciable contribution to equalizing velocities. The frictional drag on H+ due to the presence of heavy ions may make an appreciable contribution to equalizing flow velocities, since compensating increases in coronal temperatures may be required in order to give solar wind velocities for H+. However, rather large enhancements of heavy ions near the sun appear to be required. If appreciable enhancements of heavy ions extend beyond about 2.5 solar radii, significant increases in heavy ion temperatures above H+ temperatures may be produced. This temperature difference may contribute to equalizing flow velocities and may contribute to the explanation of measured temperature differences at 1 AU between H+ and He++.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Apr. 1
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  • 70
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    Crossed beam study of the reaction O/+/ + N2 yields NO/+/ + N (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The kinematics of the reaction O(+)(4 S) + N2 yields NO(+) + N were studied using crossed molecular beams. Product angular and energy distributions were measured for the initial relative translational energy range from 1.5 to 15.8 eV. The products are formed in their ground electronic states. The product distributions are described, with some deviations, by the spectator stripping model. No evidence was found for a persistent complex or for a second mechanism. A scattering chamber study of 0 deg lab was made of the related reactions 15N(+) + 14NO yields 15N14N(+), 15NO(+), 14NO(+). The results obtained are discussed in terms of possible surface hopping effects.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Journal of Chemical Physics; 60; Mar. 1
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  • 71
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    Measurement of microwave fine structure in OH infrared transitions using frequency mixing with metal to metal infrared diodes (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Journal of Chemical Physics; 60; Feb. 15
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  • 72
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    Computation of transonic flow about lifting wing-cylinder combinations (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Some results are described for a lifting rectangular wing centrally located on a circular-cylindrical body. This simple configuration has been utilized in order to assess the merits of a mapping technique for wing-body configurations. The procedure employed makes use of a coordinate transformation to simplify specification of the surface boundary condition in the computation of the flow about the wing. The method can be extended to incorporate wing sweep, finite length body of noncircular cross section, and arbitrary wing placement; however, these extensions involve a considerable increase in complexity of the problem.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Apr. 197
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  • 73
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    High-density Stark profiles of two neutral helium lines and their forbidden components (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measured and calculated profiles are compared for two neutral helium lines, He I (4471 and 6678 A), and their forbidden components at high electron densities. Calculations were done at the measured plasma conditions and are compared directly with the experimental profiles. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 9
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  • 74
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    Autoionization states in He and H/-/ by the stabilization method (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The stabilization method for positions and widths of resonances has been applied up to now only to model problems or to problems for which definitive calculations are not possible. The method is now applied to autoionization states in He and H(-), where accurate calculations are available. It is concluded that reasonably accurate results can be obtained by this method.
    Schlagwort(e): PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND NUCLEAR
    Materialart: Physical Review A - General Physics; vol. 9
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  • 75
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    Some measurements of the attenuation of solar radiation during BOMEX (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurements of the upward and downward flux of solar radiation in two broad wavelength bands defined by glass filters were made at height between about 300 and 12,000 m in the neighborhood of Barbados during the BOMEX experiment in the summer of 1969. These were examined on selected occasions, apparently cloudless, to determine the attenuation (absorption and upward scattering) that could not be attributed to atmospheric gases and must be considered to be caused by particles. Total particle absorption between the lowest and highest flight levels was found to be of order 5%, and upward scatter of order 1% of the incident radiation. Unexplained attenuation above the highest level was of order 2%. The attenuation attributed to particles was approximately the same magnitude as the geometrical cross section deduced by direct particle sampling on the same flights.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Applied Optics; 13; Mar. 197
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  • 76
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    Cosmic far ultraviolet background (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The expected intensities of various possible components of the far ultraviolet background are discussed. It is concluded that existing results do not place interesting constraints on the density of the intergalactic medium (IGM). Current techniques and instrumentation for far ultraviolet astronomy are, however, sufficient to achieve vastly improved limits. New observations are required to determine whether the IGM can be detected in the far ultraviolet or whether the extragalactic component of the background is masked by radiation with a more local origin.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Nature; 247; Feb. 22
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  • 77
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    A vortex entrainment model applied to slender delta wings (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A mathematical model of the vortex flow over a slender sharp-edged delta wing is proposed, and is shown to provide good agreement with the experiment. Although the technique requires experimental data in the form of the vortex core locations, it does account for the previously ignored mass entrainment of the vortex core.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; Jan. 197
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  • 78
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    Extraction of derivatives from flight data for several aircraft, using the LRC interactive computer system (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Results are presented of a procedure for estimating stability and control parameters from flight data, by using maximum likelihood methods employing an interactive computer system, which was established at the NASA Langley Research Center. Problems encountered are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 49-76
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  • 79
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    Identification of aircraft stability and control derivatives in the presence of turbulence (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A maximum likelihood estimator for a linear system with state and observation noise is developed to determine stability and control derivatives from flight data obtained in the presence of turbulence. The formulation for the longitudinal short-period mode is presented briefly, including a special case that greatly simplifies the problem if the measurement noise on one signal is negligible. The effectiveness and accuracy of the technique are assessed by applying it first to simulated flight data, in which the true parameter values and state noise are known, then to actual flight data obtained in turbulence. The results are compared with data obtained in smooth air and with wind-tunnel data. The complete maximum likelihood estimator, which accounts for both state and observation noise, is shown to give the most accurate estimate of the stability and control derivatives from flight data obtained in turbulence. It is superior to the techniques that ignores state noise and to the simplified method that neglects the measurement noise on the angle-of-attack signal.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 77-114
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  • 80
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    A comparison of two methods of extracting stability derivatives from flight test data (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Two methods for extracting stability derivatives from flight data are compared. A modified Newton-Raphson quasilinearization minimization technique and a digital-analog (hybrid) matching technique were used to analyze the same data maneuvers obtained from two aircraft. About 70 maneuvers from an F-111E aircraft were analyzed over a Mach number range of 0.3 to 2.0 and an angle of attack range of 3 to 19 degrees. About 20 maneuvers were analyzed for the X-24A lifting body at Mach numbers of 0.5, 0.8, and 0.9, and an angle of attack range of 4 to 13 degrees. Stability derivatives were extracted from these maneuvers and the results from the two techniques, along with wind tunnel results, were compared.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: NASA. Flight Res. Center Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing; p 43-48
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  • 81
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    Convective heat transfer to low-temperature fluids (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Research into forced and natural convection processes in low-temperature (cryogenic) fluids is reviewed with primary emphasis on forced convection. Boundaries of the near-critical region are defined, fluid properties near the critical state are discussed, and heat-transfer processes around the critical point are described. The thermodynamics of the critical point is analyzed together with transport properties of a near-critical fluid, and the quantum states of low-temperature molecular hydrogen (para and ortho) are discussed. Experimental work on heat transfer in free, natural, and forced convection systems is briefly summarized. Graham's (1969) penetration model for near-critical fluids is outlined, near-critical heat transfer is discussed in relation to conventional geometric effects, and the effects of curvature on the properties of near-critical hydrogen are noted. Theoretical considerations in free and forced convection are examined.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 82
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    Velocity measurement of particles in sprays (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The approach described makes use of high-speed photography employing short-duration light sources. Drops are photographed in flight as they pass through a narrow slice of the spray on which the optical system is focussed. Two sparks fired at intervals of a few microseconds give double image photographs of drops. Drop velocity is calculated by measuring the distance between the two images of the drop and the time interval between sparks. Details regarding the optical and photographic system are described along with the design of the electronics system.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 83
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    Coherent scattering of cosmic neutrinos (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: It is shown that cosmic neutrino scattering can be non-negligible when coherence effects previously neglected are taken into account. The coherent neutrino scattering cross section is derived and the neutrino index of refraction evaluated. As an example of coherent neutrino scattering, a detector using critical reflection is described which in principle can detect the low energy cosmic neutrino background allowed by the measured cosmological red shift.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 37; 1, De; Dec. 197
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  • 84
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    Kinetic approach to the evaporation and condensation problem (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: In the paper, the Boltzmann equation governing the evaporation and condensation phenomena is solved by the Monte Carlo method. Based on the kinetic theory of gas the role of the non-equilibrium Knudsen layer and the growth of the hydrodynamic region outside the layer as time proceeds are simulated. Results show two possible types of transient developments in the vapor phase. The effects of the molecular absorption coefficient of the phase surface are examined. Except in the case of very strong evaporation the kinematic effects of binary collisions among vapor molecules on the mass flux rate are not serious. The limiting case of the quasi-steady evaporation and the maximal value of the evaporation rate are obtained.
    Schlagwort(e): FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
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  • 85
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    Correlation for estimating vortex rotational velocity downstream dependence (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Description of a correlation, derived from water tank measurements in the wake of wings towed under water, that makes it possible to predict the downstream distance behind an aircraft in flight where its trailing vortex will begin to decay. Comparisons of measured and predicted data are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 86
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    Roll-up of aircraft trailing vortices using artificial viscosity (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The artificial viscosity method of Kuwahara and Takami (1973) is used to calculate the roll-up of trailing vortices behind a number of practical aerodynamic configurations. Where possible, the results are compared for core location with available experimental data.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: Journal of Aircraft; 11; Nov. 197
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  • 87
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    Search for optical emission from cosmic gamma-ray bursts (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Long-exposure films are available for both times and regions of sky for several cosmic gamma-ray bursts. A visual magnitude of no more than 6 was set for optical emission from the well-observed May 14, 1972, event. The corresponding lower limit for the ratio of X-ray to optical energy flux in the burst is greater than 100. This may restrict solar-flare analogy models for the burst sources.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
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  • 88
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    The origin of the diffuse background gamma radiation (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recent observations provided evidence for diffuse background gamma radiation extending to energies beyond 100 MeV, and evidence of isotropy and implied cosmological origin. Significant features in the spectrum of this background radiation were observed which provide evidence for its origin in nuclear processes in the early stages of big-bang cosmology, and connect these processes with the galaxy formation theory. A test of the theory is in future observations of the background radiation in the 100 MeK to 100 GeV energy range which are made with large orbiting spark-chamber satellite detectors. The theoretical interpretations of present data, their connection with baryon-symmetric cosmology and galaxy formation theory, and the need for future observations are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 147-156
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    Progress in gamma ray burst astronomy (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Spectral observations on nine of the eleven known cosmic gamma ray bursts detected from IMP-7 from late 1972 through 1973 are reported. All nine events were found to have average spectra ranging from 100 to 1100 keV. The hypothesis of a single greater than 100 keV average event spectrum for all gamma ray bursts (inferred from IMP-6 observations) was investigated. In addition to the mutual consistency of these 14 IMP events, all independently reported average event spectra fit the IMP-7 common spectrum. This observed lack of variability of the average event spectrum suggests that the production mechanism is tied to more rigidly fixed source parameters than most celestial or solar hard X-ray phenomena. Other characteristics of gamma ray bursts events, are discussed: a high-energy spectral tail with power-law index -2.5, a rising size spectrum from the earlier event rate, and a hint of clustering of event occurrence in time.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 37-45
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  • 90
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    Gamma radiation from the Crab Nebula above 35 MeV (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Nature; 251; Oct. 4
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  • 91
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    Cosmic rays - Astronomy with energetic particles (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: All nuclei in the periodic table of the elements, as well as electrons and positrons, are present in the stream of cosmic-ray particles. The cosmic-ray particles constitute the only sample of matter from outside the solar system which reaches the earth. Some of the most accurate knowledge of the extrasolar-element abundance distribution is based on the study of these particles. Observational data concerning the cosmic rays are discussed along with cosmic-ray sources, questions of particle interactions and propagation, the electron spectrum, and the significance of the positron component. The directions of cosmic ray research in the immediate future are also considered, giving attention to some fundamental questions which have not yet been answered.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Physics Today; 27; Oct. 197
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  • 92
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    The abundances of nuclei in the cosmic radiation (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The relative abundances are treated as a consequence of processes in cosmic ray transport occurring during passage of the radiation through interstellar material at high velocity. Some of the subjects mentioned are nuclear fragmentation and the production of secondary nuclei, nuclear reactions, energy loss and nuclear decay, ionization, the range-energy relation and propagation variables, capture and loss of electrons, the propagation of nuclei, the transport equation, equilibrium solutions, energy-dependent path length distribution, exponential path length distributions, discrete spectra, sources, supernovae, and the origin of the abundances. The connection between the space-time features of the sources, the material traversed, and the effects of magnetic fields is established by describing the particle-field interaction as a diffusive or random-walk process.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
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  • 93
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    High energy particles and quanta in astrophysics (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-03-07
    Beschreibung: The various subdisciplines of high-energy astrophysics are surveyed in a series of articles which attempt to give an overall view of the subject as a whole by emphasizing the basic physics common to all fields in which high-energy particles and quanta play a role. Successive chapters cover cosmic ray experimental observations, the abundances of nuclei in the cosmic radiation, cosmic electrons, solar modulation, solar particles (observation, relationship to the sun acceleration, interplanetary medium), radio astronomy, galactic X-ray sources, the cosmic X-ray background, and gamma ray astronomy. Individual items are announced in this issue.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
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  • 94
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    Cosmic ray experimental observations (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The current experimental situation in cosmic ray studies is discussed, with special emphasis on the development of new detector systems. Topics covered are the techniques for particle identification, energy measurements, gas Cerenkov counters, magnet spectrometers, ionization spectrometers, track detectors, nuclear emulsions, multiparameter analysis using arrays of detectors, the Goddard ionization spectrometer, charge spectra, relative abundances, isotope composition, antinuclei in cosmic rays, electrons, the measurement of cosmic ray arrival directions, and the prehistory of cosmic rays.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
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    A discussion of interplanetary postshock flows with two examples (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Plasma and magnetometer observations of two types of flare-associated shock flows are described and compared with present models. One type represents a class of flows in which the shock is followed by a stream and separated from it by a region in which density, temperature, and speed decrease monotonically. Neither the blast wave model nor the two-stage model, in which the stream and the shock are attributed to the same flare, can quantitatively describe this class. The other type is characterized by a complex region between the shock and the following stream, which has many discontinuities and fluctuations but in which there is no increase in helium concentration. This class of event is not describable in terms of the conventional pictures presented, for example, by Hundhausen (1972). These two types of flow can be distinguished by using ground magnetograms, since the first type shows no sudden impulses following the shock, whereas the second type shows many.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; June 1
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    Influence of ablation impurities on blunt body re-entry ionization (1974)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Electron density profiles which include the effect of an ablated sodium impurity were computed for the boundary layer on a blunt-nosed body re-entering the atmosphere at 7.62 km/sec. Profiles are computed from the nose to a distance of four diameters along the RAM C-payload. A finite-difference, laminar, nonequilibrium chemistry boundary-layer program was used. Comparison of theory with S-band diagnostic antenna results, electron concentration deduced from X- and C-band attenuation data, and Langmuir probe data at several different aft body locations show that agreement is good at high altitude. At the lower altitudes there is disagreement between theory and S-band antenna data where the apparent discrepancy is attributed to the three-body recombination rate constant used for deionization of sodium coupled with the effect of angle of attack.
    Schlagwort(e): AERODYNAMICS
    Materialart: AIAA Journal; 12; June 197
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  • 97
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    Possible evidence for structured acceleration of cosmic rays on a galactic scale from recent gamma-ray observations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Recent data from SAS-2 on the galactic gamma-ray line flux as a function of longitude reveal a broad maximum in the region below 30 deg. These data, as unfolded here, imply that the low-energy (1-10 GeV) galactic cosmic-ray flux varies with the radial distance from the galactic center and is about an order of magnitude higher than the local value in a toroidal region for radial distances between 4 and 5 kpc. We further show that this enhancement can be plausibly accounted for by Fermi acceleration and compression caused by a hydrodynamic shock driven by the expanding gas in the 3-kpc arm and invoked in some versions of galactic structure theory.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 188; Mar. 1
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
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    Unbekannt
    Solar flux and its variations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Current knowledge of the electromagnetic solar spectrum and radiant energy output for conditions of quiet and active sun is summarized. Discussed are temporal behavior and occurrence of solar phenomena such as active regions, calcium plages and flares, X-rays, UV and other energetic emissions, and their relationships to 11- and 22-year solar cycles.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 143-187
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
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    Unbekannt
    A possible correlation between maxima of the far ultraviolet solar irradiance and central meridian passages of solar magnetic sector boundaries (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Satellite observations of the sun over almost five years have shown that principally two UV active longitudes have persisted over a significant portion. A comparison between the position of solar magnetic sector boundaries and UV enhancements of the sun indicates that the UV maxima tend to occur near the times when a solar sector boundary is near central meridian. An estimate of the magnitude of the variable UV solar energy input into the atmosphere resulting from the rotation of active solar longitudes is that for wavelengths less than 175 nm and down to H. Lyman-alpha it exceeds the annual variation, whereas at longer wavelengths it is less. The total observed peak-to-peak variation in the UV irradiance from 120 to 300 nm over a solar rotation is typically at least 230 ergs/sq cms.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: Possible Relationships between Solar Activity and Meteorol. Phenomena; p 116-121
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
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    The particle background observed by the X-ray detectors onboard Copernicus (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The design and characteristics of low energy detectors on the Copernicus satellite are described. The functions of the sensors in obtaining data on the particle background. The procedure for processing the data obtained by the satellite is examined. The most significant positive deviations are caused by known weak X-ray sources in the field of view. In addition to small systemic effects, occasional random effects where the count rate increases suddenly and decreases within a few frames are analyzed.
    Schlagwort(e): SPACE RADIATION
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the Workshop on Electron Contamination in X-ray Astronomy Expt.; 12 p
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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