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  • Articles  (105)
  • Triticum aestivum  (70)
  • Copper  (35)
  • Springer  (105)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1980-1984  (105)
  • 1935-1939
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (105)
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  • Articles  (105)
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  • Springer  (105)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of sulphur on the yield and concentration of copper, manganese, iron and molybdenum in berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) grown on two different soils (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Berseem yield ; Copper ; Iron ; Manganese ; Molybdenum ; Concentrations ; Sulphur effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A screen-house experiment with 0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm S was conducted to study the effect of S on the yield and, Mn, Cu, Fe and Mo concentrations of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) at three stages of growth in a normal and reclaimed soil. Higher levels of S decreased the yield in both the soils. Yield in normal soil was much higher than in reclaimed soil. Application of S increased Cu, Mn, and Fe concentrations in all cuts in both soils. Molybdenum concentration was lowered following S application in both the soils in all the cuts. Molybdenum content increased with the stage of plant growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205851
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Cu and Mo on Cu/Mo ratio and their concentration in different organs of cowpeas (Vigna sinensis L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cowpeas ; Copper ; Cu/Mo ratio ; Molybdenum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a Typic Torripsamments (loamy sand) soil, 4 levels each of Cu and Mo,viz, 0, 5, 10 and 20; and 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ppm, respectively, were added to study Cu−Mo relationship in cowpeas in a screen-house. Application of Mo reduced Cu content andvice versa in leaves, stems and roots of cowpeas. Stems accumulated more of Mo and Cu than leaves and roots, showing thereby, that it might be the site of interaction for Mo and Cu. Molybdenum increased to a toxic level in plant (for animals) following its application. Cu/Mo ratio was narrowed with Mo and widened with Cu addition. It was either more than 2∶1 or less which suggested that Mo would cause Cu deficiency and Cu in the absence of Mo would be toxic to ruminants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205852
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen sources on copper uptake and amino acid status of cereals (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Ammonium ; Copper ; Barley ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of different nitrogen sources (NH4, NO3, and NH4 NO3) on the uptake of copper by wheat and barley growing in solution culture were compared in three experiments. Both the copper concentration and weight gain of shoots and roots were found to decrease in the order NO3〉NH4 NO3〉NH4 irrespective of the solution copper concentration. Ammonium nitrogen was also found to decrease the copper concentration of wheat grown on a copper deficient soil compared with a nitrate source of nitrogen. Increasing concentrations of ammonium ions in solution culture caused ammonium toxicity and reduced both plant copper concentrations and vegetative yield. Biochemical investigations using paper chromatography revealed that the amino acid asparagine was the major detoxification product of ammonia in wheat. Copper deficient plants were found to have elevated levels of amino acids compared with controls, irrespective of the nitrogen source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374091
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc contents in leaves of flowering sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus, L.), grown with different boron supplies (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 461-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Boron ; Copper ; Iron ; Manganese ; Zinc ; Microelements ; Sunflower
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc concentrations were measured in sunflower leaves from plants grown hydroponically in a closed continuous flow system and with boron concentrations ranging from deficient to toxic. Leaves were analyzed at the stage of flower development. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between B concentration in solution and Mn concentration in leaves. Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations in the leaves were not changed by the different B levels, although the B concentration in leaves increased with an increasing concentration in solution, showing a close correlation each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374142
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a soil fulvic acid on the growth and nutrient content of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Copper ; Flowers ; Iron ; Leaves ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient uptake ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Koots ; Shoots ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants were grown in Hoagland solution to which 20 to 2000 ppm of a soil fulvic acid (FA) were added. The addition of 100 to 300 ppm of FA produced highly significant increases in the growth and development of above and below ground plant parts, in the uptake of nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Zn), and in the formation of numbers of flowers per plant. Effects of adding 500 and more ppm of FA were less beneficial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370049
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dry and moist incubation of soils on the extractability of native and applied soil copper (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 64 (1982), S. 215-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; chloride-extractable Cu ; Copper ; EDTA-extractable Cu ; Incubation ; Isotopically-exchangeable Cu ; Moisture content ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The amount of copper extracted from soils by EDTA was found to increase with the temperature of extraction. Under controlled conditions of extraction, the amount of applied copper extracted from soils by EDTA decreased during incubation of soils under both moist and dry conditions. The recovery of applied copper by EDTA appeared to be related to the amounts of manganese and iron oxides in the soil. On the basis of comparisons with calcium chloride-extractable copper and isotopically-exchangeable copper it is suggested that EDTA extraction could over-estimate the availability of soil copper to plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184253
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption and desorption of trace elements bySpartina alterniflora detritus (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Estuaries ; Heavy metals ; Iron ; Manganese ; Plant densities ; Salt marshes ; Sorption ; Spartina alterniflora ; Trace elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Element and extractant-specific desorption of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn fromSpartina alterniflora detritus was observed. Desorption of a substantial fraction of the total detrital Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn occured rapidly when the detritus was treated with 0.1N HCl or 1 MgCl2. This treatment removed precipitated/coprecipitated and adsorbed trace elements, respectively, suggesting that a large fraction of detritus-bound trace elements are in readily exchangeable, surface reaction sites. The carboxylic acid functional group cation exchange capacity of the detritus also suggests an important role of surface exchange reactions in the dynamics of trace elements during decomposition. The rate and magnitude of changes in the trace element content of detritus has important implications for estuarine biogeochemical cycling of these elements including the potential for biological uptake of trace elements by detritus-consuming fauna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02203404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of soil waterlogging on subsequent plant growth and trace metal content (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cobalt ; Copper ; Iron ; Manganese ; Plant uptake ; Trace metals ; Waterlogging ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of trace metals by two plant species (French bean and maize) has been measured on two soils subjected to various waterlogging regimes. Uptake of both manganese and iron was increased due to soil waterlogging, although reoxidation of the soil affected iron more than manganese. Zinc and copper uptake was influenced by a species factor; French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) showed preferential uptake of zinc, whereas maize (Zea mays) took up copper preferentially. Uptake of cobalt by both species was increased due to waterlogging, following the pattern of manganese. The abilities of these species to take up trace metals from soil followed the pattern predicted by selective extraction of soil for manganese, iron and cobalt, but not for zinc and copper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183810
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cu x Mn interaction and the availability of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and P in waterlogged rice soils (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alluvial soil ; Copper ; Interaction ; Iron ; Manganese ; Moisture ; Phosphorus ; Rice ; Waterlogging ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with three clay loam lowland rice soils (Haplustalf) to study the effect of application of three different levels of Cu(0, 1.25, 2.5 ppm) and Mn (0, 10, 20 ppm) in all possible combinations on the changes in the DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, F, Mn and Brays 2 extractable P in soil. The results showed that application of Cu decreased the content of extractable Zn, Fe, Mn and P in soils, the rate of decrease gradually declining with the progress of incubation period. Application of Mn also depressed the content of extractable Cu, Fe and P but increased that of extractable Zn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185713
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of waterlogging on young wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) and on soil solutes at different soil temperatures (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 311-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeration ; Calcium ; Carbon dioxide ; Ethylene ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Nitrous oxide ; Oxygen ; Potassium ; Roots ; Triticum aestivum ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We report a study of the mechanism by which the response of plants to waterlogging can be modified by soil temperature. Wheat was grown initially in well-aerated soil in a controlled environment room before the soil was flooded with aerated, deionized water. The soil temperature was maintained constant in the range 6–18°C while the air temperature was at 14°C. Waterlogging damage was greater in plants at the higher soil temperatures when the plants were compared at the same chronological age. However, when compared at the same growth stage, the response to soil temperature was little differenti.e. plants subjected to waterlogging for a long time at low soil temperatures exhibited a similar reduction in growth and other properties as those subjected briefly at higher temperatures. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the soil solution declined rapidly at all temperatures, being almost zero after 36 h waterlogging. Temperature affected rates of change of the concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, ethylene, nitrous oxide, nitrite, nitrate, calcium and potassium. The importance of soil-and plant-determined properties in the waterlogging response of plants at different temperatures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372453
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ immobilization of heavy metals with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren) in natural soils and its effect on toxicity and plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Cation exchange ; Copper ; Heavy metals ; Illite clay ; Nickel ; Organic matter ; Tetraethylenepentamine ; Tetren ; Transition metal complexes ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The ion exchange behavior of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd) in soils is shown to be strongly influenced by complex formation with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren). In a heavy clay (illite) soil, the metal (complex) concentration in the equilibrium solution is lowered by some two orders of magnitude, as compared to the aqueous metal ions. In a sandy loam, in which the exchange properties are nearly exclusively due to organic matter, the addition of tetren leads to a significant increase of the metal (complex) in solution. These effects are interpreted in terms of the high adsorption selectivity of the metal complexes for clay particles (illite clay) and the competition of tetren with the chelating groups of the humic fraction (sandy loam). In this case the resulting tetren complexes remain in solution and can be immobilized by addition of small amounts of clay to such a soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374748
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ immobilization of heavy metals with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren) in natural soils and its effect on toxicity and plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cation exchange ; Copper ; Copper complex ; Copper-64 ; Corn ; Cyperus papyrus ; Papyrus ; Tetraethylenepentamine ; Tetren ; Transport ; Xylem ; Zea mays L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The consequences of complex formation with tetren (tetraethylenepentamine) for the uptake and mobility of copper in the plant is studied. Short term supply of double labelled Cu-tetren (64Cu,14C-tetren) in nutrient solution to corn plants (Zea mays L., cv. spec.) indicates a stoichiometric uptake of the 1-1 complex. This is reflected in the increased shoot/root ratio of the64Cu-content (two orders of magnitude) resulting from an enhanced mobility of the complexed Cu in the plant. Increasing Cu-concentrations reduce the uptake of tetren, and an interaction between the uptake of tetren and Cu-tetren is demonstrated. The changed mobility of the64Cu-tetren complex is shown in more detail using cut shoots of papyrus plants (Cyperus papyrus L. cv. spec.) andin vivo detection of the64Cu radiation during transport. Results are discussed in terms of the effect of complex formation on the cation exchange process during xylem transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374750
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil moisture influence on micronutrient cation availability under aerobic conditions (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 72 (1983), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Gezira soils ; Iron ; Micronutrient availability ; Microbial activity ; Manganese ; Oxidation ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The three major soil series comprising the Gezira scheme (Sudan) are Hosh, Suleimi, and Laota. Surface soil samples from each soil series were employed to study the effect of soil moisture on the DTPA-extractable micronutrient cation under aerobic conditions. The study continued for 8 weeks using an incubation technique at two levels of soil moisture (continuously moist and moist/dry cycles). The DTPA-extractable Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn from air-dry soil samples were much higher compared to values from their incubated counterparts. For the three soils the CO2 production (microbial activity) reached the maximum in 5 weeks and then levelled off while the lowest values of micronutrient cation from the incubated soils were obtained between 2 to 8 weeks. Generally, the study suggests that the hot dry months preceding crop growth should increase clay surface acidity and hence availability of mironutrient cations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185096
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for resistance to Septoria nodorum in wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Septoria nodorum ; Leptosphaeria nodorum ; glume blotch ; resistance ; tolerance ; escape ; selection ; selection indexes ; phenotypic correlations ; genotypic correlations ; heritability ; grain yield ; heading date ; plant height ; seed weight ; seed weight %
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A population of 572 F2 derived F3 lines from six crosses were used to estimate parameters relevant to selection for resistance to Septoria nodorum of wheat. Lines were grown in disease free (fungicide sprayed) and inoculated microplots in 2 replications of a split-plot design in a single environment in 1977. Average yield reduction due to disease was approximately 50%; this was associated with an average septoria score of 50% on the flag leaf, an average septoria score of 42% on the head, and a reduction of 37% in seed weight. Low S. nodorum scores were correlated with late heading date, tall plant height, high grain yield, and high seed weight in diseased plots, and high seed weight % (seed weight in diseased plots expressed as a percentage of seed weight in fungicide sprayed plots). Restricted selection indexes were used to study the relative contributions of disease escape, true resistance, and tolerance to variability in grain yield in diseased plots, seed weight in diseased plots, and seed weight %. True resistance appeared to be the most important factor causing variation in grain yield in diseased plots and seed weight %. Tolerance and escape seemed to be more important for seed weight in diseased plots. Heritabilities of S. nodorum scores on the flag leaf and head were 63% and 52%, respectively. Leaf and head scores could be used most effectively as selection criteria to upgrade resistance in a population before harvest. Selection for high seed weight % slightly reduced yields in disease free plots, although yield in diseased plots and seed weight in diseased plots were increased. However, selection for increased yield or increased seed weight in diseased plots improved yield in disease free plots. It is suggested that direct selection for yield or seed weight in diseased plots is likely to achieve more desirable goals than selection for seed weight %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025132
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for yield in small plots of spring wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 549-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; grain yield ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four selection experiments were sown: single-row plots with single row-spacing (≃20 cm), single-row plots with double row spacing (≃40 cm), three-row plots and six-row plots both with single row-spacing (≃20 cm). Selection entries were mimiced by 16 different varieties or advanced breeding lines, which were also sown in a yield trial. Each experiment was laid out as a 4-times replicated randomized block design. Row length was 2 m. Alley borders and border-rows of multiple-row plots were harvested separately to evaluate the effects of different harvesting procedures on the selection efficiency. Removal of alley borders was found to be disadvantageous, since the gain in precision was more than offset by the loss in sampled area. Wide spacing of single-row plots improved the selection efficiency in comparison with normal spaced single-row plots. In multiple-row plots the selection efficiency was not improved by harvesting only the central rows. For gross plot yield (= yield of net plot + yield of alley borders) the differences in selection efficiency between the various selection plot-types were explained on the basis of the genetic variance, the environmental variance and the coefficient of genetic correlation with ‘farm’ yield as determined in the yield trial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039193
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for basic homology between wheat and rye chromosomes (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hexaploid triticale ; Secale cereale ; rye ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; heterochromatin ; chromosome association
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In the hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivar Rosner chromosome 2R lacks the prominent heterochromatic bands of both telomeres. This modified 2R chromosome is capable of pairing in a high frequency with wheat chromosomes. It is hypothesized that the accumulation of heterochromatin at the telomeres of rye chromosomes may have contributed to the isolation of the wheat and rye genera by inhibiting pairing between wheat and rye chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036882
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    Should selection for yield in saline regions be made on saline or non-saline soils? (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; T. turgidum ; durum wheat ; X Triticosecale ; triticale ; salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Saline soils are typically very patchy in their salinity. The yield of crops growing on them is similarly patchy. This paper argues that because most of the yield from such soils comes from the least saline areas, the best breeding strategy for improving the overall yield of crops growing on them is to select for high yield on non-saline soils. This conclusion derives from comparing the effects that four different breeding goals, namely: (1) a 10% increase in yield on non-saline soils, (ii) a 20% increase in the threshold salinity that first reduces yield, (iii) a doubling of yield at an electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 20 dS/m and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii), would have on total yield. The effects of achieving these goals in barley, common wheat, durum wheat and triticale in fields exhibiting different salinities are predicted from actual yields of these species grown on different salinities in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021452
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  • 18
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    Relationship between kernel color and protein content of hard red x hard white winter wheat progeny (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; kernel color ; protein content ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Utilization of high-protein hard red wheat germplasm in breeding high-protein hard white winter wheats for the U.S. Great Plains raised concern regarding possible genetic relationships between kernel color and protein content. Segregating F3 and F4 populations from reciprocal crosses and backcrosses involving high-protein hard red winter wheat cultivar Plainsman V and normal-protein hard white winter wheat line KS75216 were examined. Nonsignificant regression and correlation coefficients in the F3 generations of KS75216/Plainsman V, KS75216//KS75216/Plainsman V and Plainsman V//KS75216/Plainsman V indicated the absence of genetic relationships between kernel color and protein content. Therefore, despite the presence of genes for protein content and kernel color on the same chromosomes (3A, 3B and 3D), kernel color and protein content appeared as independent traits. A small but significant negative relationship between white kernel color and high protein in Plainsman V/KS75216 was attributable to the possible presence of alien genetic material in the parentage of Plainsman V. Chi-square tests indicated that Plainsman V is a mixture of genotypes for kernel color; most genotypes carry two dominant genes for red color and a few carry one or three. Genetic control of grain protein appeared to be complex. Partial dominance for high protein was indicated in the F3 generation but a generally continuous distribution and transgressive segregation also suggested other genes functioned additively. Heritability estimates by parent-offspring (F3-F4) regression were sufficiently high to ensure genetic progress in the selection of high-protein lines in the red x white wheat crosses. We concluded that development of high-protein cultivars is as feasible for white wheats as for red wheats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021475
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The character brown ear of bread wheat: A review (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; ear colour ; glume colour ; genetics ; linkage ; chromosomal location ; geographical distribution ; homeoallelic genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A summary of the brown ear character of bread wheat is presented. In most varieties this character is conditioned by a (semi)dominant gene identified as Rg on 1BS. This gene seems to be widespread, from the viewpoint of evolution, probably because it is an ‘old’ gene. There are no indications that the presence of the gene and hence the presence of a brown ear is advantageous or disadvantageous to the carrier wheat plant. Some linkage relations are described. More research is needed to establish whether all varieties with one gene for brown ear carry Rg, to investigate the varieties with a non-monogenic genetic system and to identify more associations between brown ear and other characters. It should also further be investigated whether within T. spelta another gene for brown ear is present and, if so, whether this gene is on chromosome 1AS and linked to Hgl, the gene for hairy glume.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021438
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  • 20
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    The impact of plant physiology on Australian wheat breeding (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 743-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; plant physiology ; plant breeding ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Major changes in the behaviour of the Australian wheat crop over the last one hundred years have been associated with three major gene groupings. The significance of major genes in monitoring response to vernalization, photoperiod and gibberellin, reveals a more optimistic future for breeding programmes where simple genetic and physiologic studies are integrated within those programmes. A revised classification of growth habit is presented in the appendix.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042154
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    Yield responses by modern wheat genotypes to phosphate fertilizer and their implications for breeding (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; grain yield ; phosphate response ; height ; harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The response to phosphate fertilizer by modern wheat genotypes was examined in the field under natural rainfall in three seasons. Models were developed which show that grain yield was positively correlated with biological yield and harvest index. In one of the seasons, which was relatively dry, shorter statured wheats gave higher yields at each level of applied phosphate. Higher levels of phosphate tended to offset the reduction in yield associated with late heading and the importance of biological yield on grain yield. The genotypes which produced the largest number of grains m-2 produced the highest yields. Implications for plant breeding programs are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022753
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    Genetic and cytogenetic studies with a male sterile mutant of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; male sterility ; meiotic analyses ; gene mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genetic and cytogenetic studies were done on a male sterile mutant of the wheat variety ‘Probus’. Association of the 4A chromosome carrying the ms gene was studied in the F1 of the male sterile ‘Probus’ with ‘Chinese Spring’ ditelo 4AS, with ‘Transec’ and with line ‘T4AS-DRS’ respectively. The presumption that the genetic male sterility of the mutant was due to a terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4A could be confirmed. Linkage studies showed that the ms gene was at 17 map units from the dwarfing gene (Rht3) of ‘Minister dwarf’. This allows selection of short male sterile plants at the seedling stage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022756
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    SDS-PAGE of the high-molecular-weight subunits of wheat glutenin and the characterization of 1R (1B) substitution and 1BL/1RS translocation lines (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; glutenin ; high molecular-weight subunits of glutenin ; SDS-PAGE ; 1R(1B) substitution identification ; 1BL/1RS translocation identification ; bread-making quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin from wheat 1R(1B) substitution and 1BL/1RS translocation lines were fractionated by SDS-PAGE. Two new subunits denoted R1 and R2 were characterized in 1R(1B) substitution, but not in 1BL/1RS translocation lines. R1 and R2 were proved to be rye proteins by 2d electrophoresis (NEPHGE x SDS-PAGE). In contrast to literature citations it was demonstrated that the cultivar Winnetou is a 1R(1B) substitution line and the cultivars Clement and Mildress both are 1BL/1RS translocation lines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022742
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    A recessive resistance gene for yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 561-562 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; common wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust ; resistance ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three lines derived from the old ‘dirty’ Dutch land variety Gelderse Ris were resistant against race 66(70)EO(16) of yellow rust. It was found that this resistance was conditioned by one recessive gene provisionally coded yrGR.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021157
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    Physiological responses of six bread wheat and durum wheat genotypes to water stress (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 757-767 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; water stress ; photosynthesis ; stomatal resistance ; leaf water potential ; water efficiency ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The responses of six wheat genotypes to water stress were analysed. Soil moisture (H), leaf water potential (Ψw), photosynthesis (PN), stomatal resistance (rs) and transpiration (T) were measured during a water stress. The genotypes investigated differed in their stress avoidance (Ψw-H relationship) and their stress tolerance (PN-Ψw and rs-Ψw relationships). The most important differences observed concern the mechanisms of tolerance at low leaf water potential: two varieties, Haurani 27 and Baalback, can then maintain a high photosynthetic activity. These observations are in agreement with the drought resistance characteristics already known for these genotypes. Possible applications to wheat breeding are considered
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021902
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    Plant nitrogen distribution in wild tetraploid (Triticum turgidum dicoccoides) and hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 641-649 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer ; Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; nitrogen uptake ; plant nitrogen distribution ; translocation efficiency ; harvest index ; domestication ; evolution ; yield components ; grain protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Differences were found in total nitrogen uptake and its pattern of distribution in the main tiller amongst five lines of wild tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum dicoccoides) and between it and two hexaploid wheats (Triticum aestivum) under low (48 ppm) and higher (240 ppm) levels of soil nitrogen. Under the low soil nitrogen level the hexaploids had higher amounts of total nitrogen in the main tiller than the dicoccoides lines, but under the higher soil nitrogen level, three of the dicoccoides lines had significantly (P〈0.01) higher, and the other two lines, similar amounts as the hexaploids. The total amount of grain nitrogen in the hexaploids was significantly (P〈0.01) higher than the five dicoccoides under the low nitrogen soil level but under the higher level, two of the dicoccoides lines had similar amounts as one of the hexaploids (cv. Bencubbin) but significantly (P〈0.01) lower than the other (cv. Argentine IX). The efficiency of nitrogen translocation to the grain was significantly (P〈0.01) lower in a primitive, compared with four cereal forms of dicoccoides under both low and high levels of soil nitrogen. The cereal forms of dicoccoides, while similar in nitrogen translocation efficiency under low soil nitrogen as the lower translocation efficiency hexaploid (cv. Bencubbin), were significantly (P〈0.01) and substantially lower than it under the higher soil nitrogen level.
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    Effect of root contact with short-chain aliphatic acids on later wheat growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 369-377 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetic acid ; Inhibition ; Wheat growth ; Tillering ; Root growth ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies were conducted to determine the effect of and duration of the effect of alliphatic acids on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling root growth, shoot growth, and tillering. Winter wheat seedlings grown in contact with unbuffered solutions of 2 mM or greater acetic or 0.5 mM or greater propionic or butyric acid for 3 days showed decreased root and, in general, shoot growth. Buffering the medium partially alleviated the problem. Removing the seedling from the acid medium and growing it in a nutrient medium resulted in accelerated root growth, compared with the control, while shoot growth was permanently inhibited during this study. Seedling wheat, grown with one root in contact with concentrations of acetic acid ranging from 0–16 mM and the other roots in aliphatic acid-free medium, grew at the same rate as the control. Seedling wheat grown for 3 days in 2 and 4 mM acetic acid medium showed a more rapid formation of the first stem tiller (T1) than did the control. Concentrations of 6 and 8 mM acetic acid appeared to delay T1 tiller formation through the first 18 days after germination, while only 10 mM acetic acid reduced T1 tiller formation by 30% 20 days after germination. The second stem tiller (T2) was not affected by previous exposure to acetic acid. The results of these laboratory studies indicate that short-term exposure of seedling winter wheat to short-chain aliphatic acids can result in permanent shoot and tiller damage and not in permanent root damage as previously thought. These results could explain the poor performance of no-till seeded winter wheat when growing through heavy crop residues that are producing shortchain aliphatic acids during decomposition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181354
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    Changes in the status of micronutrients in soil with long term applications of chemical fertilizers, lime and manure (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 64 (1982), S. 437-441 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Fertilizers ; Intensive cropping ; Iron ; Lime ; Manure ; Manganese ; Micronutrient ; Weedicide ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An assessment of the status of available micronutrients has been made in a long term field experiment on a fixed rotation of soybean-potato-wheat at the Ranchi Agricultural College, Kanke on acid soil. Results of eight years fertilizer applications with lime has resulted in reduction of available micronutrients whereas the FYM application with balanced dose of chemical fertilizers increased the available micronutrients of soil. The maximum loss of 1.0 Zn and 13.2 Fe kg/ha respectively were from the lime treated plots with balanced dose of fertilizers and the highest gain of 0.26 Zn, 1.08 Cu, 13.2 Fe and 54.0 Mn kg/ha respectively were recorded from the FYM treated plots with balanced dose of chemical fertilizers. Organic carbon was significantly positive correlated with av. Zn & Mn, whereas av. Mn significantly negative correlated with pH. Other relationship were found to be non significant.
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    Migration of heavy metals in two Japanese soils (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 299-316 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bio-toxic ; Cadmium ; Contamination ; Copper ; Copper ; Health hazard ; Heavy metals ; Lead ; Localisation ; Migration ; Nickel ; Pollution ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The migration of common bio-toxic heavy metals in two typical soils of Japan under the influence of various leaching solutions was investigated. The results of the present study have indicated that the Pb and Cu ions were less mobile than those on Zn and Cd. Thus, the former two ions have largely been concentrated in the surface horizon while the latter two have been localised in the sub-surface layers. Ni has exhibited greater mobility than other heavy metals under all the leaching stress in both the soils. It is clear from the present study that Ni, Cd and Zn might pose a greater threat of ground water pollution than Cu and Pb. The specific migration properties of each metal ion varied depending on the nature of the ion and leaching solutions. The major soil factors governing the mobility of heavy metals in the soils have been discussed in the light of the results of the present investigation.
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    Utility of phyllosphere N2-fixing micro-organisms in the improvement of crop growth (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 69-74 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azotobacter ; chroococeum ; Derxia ; gumnosa ; Klebsiella ; Nitrogen ; fixation ; Phyllosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five highly active N2-fixing strains of Klebsiella isolated from the phyllosphere of tropical plants, KUPBR1, KUPBR2, KUPM, KUP4 and KUP6 along withAzotobacter vinelandii OP,A. chroococcum G40 andDerxia gumnosa were sprayed on the foliage of a high yielding wheat cultivar, Kalyansona. The strains of Klebsiella enhanced dry wt., chrorophyll and nitrogen content, and 1000 grain weight. Grain yield in inoculated plants varied between 19.9 and 25.09 quintals ha−1 against 24.34 quintals with urea. Best results were obtained with KUP4 which when applied at half dose was as effective as 52.5 kg Urea-N ha−1. Azotobacter and Derxia only slightly improved growth and nitrogen content of grain or straw.
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    Cu and Zn in soils treated with sewage sludge: Their ‘extractability’ to reagents compared with their ‘availability’ to plants (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 3-14 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Availability ; Copper ; Extractability ; Sewage sludge ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Dried digested sewage sludge (cake) was mixed, in varied proportions, with three contrasting soils and cropped intermittently to ryegrass or young barley over a period of 710 days. Results are presented for periods 1–4, 13–16 and 22–23 months after the sludge and soil were mixed. At any given time the quantities of Cu or Zn that wereextractable (by EDTA or acetic acid) from a given soil showed a simple relationship to the ‘total’ quantities of Cu and Zn present. Theavailability of these elements to test crops also showed a simple relationship to their ‘total’ quantities. As a result the quantities available or extractable at any given time appeared to be related to each other also. However, though the extractabilities of Cu and Zn changed with time in some cases, and the availabilities of Cu and Zn changed with time in some cases, the changes were not matched. Increased extractability did not necessarily lead to increased uptake, and in some cases uptake increased even when extractability did not. It should not be assumed too readily therefore that because, at a given time after a soil is sludged, the quantities of added Cu and Zn that are extractable or available are sometimes correlated, the former actually measures the latter.There is no reason to assume that extractants remove all or only the forms of combination of Cu or Zn that may be taken up by crops.
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    In situ immobilization of heavy metals with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren) in natural soils and its effect on toxicity and plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 49-57 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Copper complex ; Corn ; Heavy metals ; Nutrient solutions ; Tetraethylenepentamine ; Tetren ; Zea mays L ; Zinc ; Zinc complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Complex formation of copper with tetraethylenepentamine (tetren) has some pronounced effects on the rate of uptake of the metal in corn, grown on nutrient solutions. At normal copper levels (0.02 ppm) in the medium, complex formation leads to a nearly hundredfold decrease in the rate of uptake, growth rate being slightly improved. Similar effects are observed at high copper levels (0.05 and 1 ppm) in which case the growth rate, severely affected in the absence of tetren, can be restored to normal values. High excess of tetren in the medium leads to copper-deficiency. Evidence is presented that the metal is taken up and translocated to the shoot as a metal complex and that its rate of translocation through the xylem is higher than for the aqueous ion. The effects in the case of zinc are similar although somewhat less marked.
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    Plant genotype differences in the uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of mineral elements required for plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 72 (1983), S. 175-196 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Boron ; Calcium ; Copper ; Genotypic differences ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mineral nutrition ; Molybdenum ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Plant adaptation ; Plant breeding ; Potassium ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plant genotypes differ in their uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of mineral elements. Examples of genotype differences to iron, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, and molybdenum are discussed. Current knowledge is sufficient to indicate that many crop plants can be improved for the efficient use of mineral elements and better adaptation to mineral stress conditions.
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    Nutrient inflows into apple roots (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 371-380 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Apple ; Calcium ; Copper ; Iron ; Irradiance ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient uptake rate ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Scion effects ; Season ; Source of nitrogen ; Temperature ; Tissue nutrient level ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The rates of uptake of nutrients from solution by apple roots were measured (a) in a root laboratory, using intact roots of mature trees growing under field conditions and (b) in controlled environment using young trees. Maximum nitrate inflows into Discovery/M.9 roots under field conditions were only slightly lower than those into roots of the same genotype in controlled environment, but up to 80 times lower than those into roots of Worcester Pearmain seedlings. At any given external P concentration, P inflows into roots of field-grown trees were about 2.5-times lower than those into the roots of young trees in controlled environment. Nitrate inflows were constant above a solution concentration of 20 mmol m−3 in both field-grown and small trees. In both cases, phosphate inflows increased linearly with solution concentration up to 10 mmol m−3. Among the various plant and environmental factors influencing nutrient uptake characteristics of apple roots were: the scion genotype, tissue nutrient levels, root origin, the form in which N is supplied, level of irradiance of the shoot, root temperature and the season of the year. The effects of these factors are illustrated with examples.
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    Uptake of heavy metals by crops in relation to their concentration in the soil solution (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 393-404 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Copper ; Heavy metals ; Lead ; Pollution ; Soil solution ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Of 20 Dutch soils, concentrations in the soil solution and total contents of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu were determined. In addition, distribution constants were measured for Cd and Pb. Soil solution concentrations of the heavy metals as well as their total contents in the soil and exchangeable fraction, calculated with the distribution coefficients, were compared with uptake in vegetables grown in pots. Log-log plots of concentrations in the plant and the soil solution concentrations showed the best correlation for Cu, Cd and Zn. Increasing Zn appeared to increase Cd uptake at high solution concentrations of Cd and to decrease uptake at low solution concentrations. For Pb generally no significant relationship between plant uptake and soil solution concentration or any other soil parameter for Pb could be found.
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    The absorption, distribution and concentration of copper in white clover grown on a range of soils (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 427-434 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Absorption ; Availability ; Copper ; Extractable Cu ; Roots ; Soils ; Transport ; Trifolium repens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The absorption, distribution and concentration of Cu in white clover were examined in plants grown on 21 soils under controlled environment conditions, and the results compared with those from a previous study with perennial ryegrass. The clover absorbed more Cu and, in general, had higher concentrations in the shoots over six successive harvests than did the ryegrass. However, concentrations of Cu in the roots, and the proportion of the total plant Cu found in the roots were lower with the clover. The concentration of Cu in the shoots of the clover, and the total amount in shoots plus roots, respectively, were correlated with the concentration of Cu extracted from the soils by 0.05M EDTA (r=0.473 and 0.700), by 0.005M DTPA (r=0.610 and 0.638) and by 1.95 per cent HNO3 (r=0.627 and 0.699). Some of these correlations were improved slightly when the concentrations of extractable Cu were adjusted for soil pH. The exploration of the soils by root extension appeared to be less important in the acquisition of Cu by the clover than it was for the ryegrass.
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    Distribution of fungicide-derived copper in soils, litter and vegetation of different aged stands of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Kenya (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 263-270 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Coffea arabica L. ; Coffee ; Copper ; East Africa ; Fungicide ; Pollution ; Soils ; Woody plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Samples of soils, litter and vegetation, collected from 24, 14 and 4 years old stands of coffee (Coffea arabica L.), which had been routinely treated with copper fungicides, were analysed for copper content. Total soil copper content was found to be a function of (a) stand age and (b) soil depth. Highest levels were encountered in the 0–20 cm zone of the 24 year old stand; soil collected beneath these bushes showed significant contamination to a depth of 80 cm. Soils from the younger stands showed proportionally less copper contamination. Copper levels in litter samples showed increases relative to stand age; litter from the oldest stand was heavily contaminated and leaf litter showed a higher copper content than that of the woody fraction. Tissues from coffee bushes could be divided into 2 groups on the basis of their copper content; those tissues which demonstrated a progressive age-dependent increase (bark, lateral stems and fine roots) and those tissues where copper levels did not reflect the cumulative exposure of the plant to this element (wood, different age classes of foliage).
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    Total concentrations of Mn, Zn and Cu in certain forest soils in Greece (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 137-140 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Forest soils ; Greece ; Manganese ; Total concentrations ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Total concentrations of Mn, Zn and Cu were determined in soil samples from 144 profiles located in remote forested areas throughout the mainland of Greece. Bio-accumulation of Mn and Zn in the humic horizon took place only in moderately acid soils (pH 5–6). Mean concentrations of Mn, Zn and Cu, in the mineral section of the soil profiles, were 1383, 93, and 51 ppm, respectively. Soils from hard limestone and basic and ultrabasic igneous rock contain these three minor elements at significantly higher concentrations compared to soils from the rest of the soil parent materials. In most of the soil profiles concentration of Cu increased, and of Mn decreased, with soil depth. Concentrations of Mn, Zn and Cu in the underlaying “rocks” were within the range of their average concentrations found in the mineral soil, except for hard limestone where much lower concentrations of these elements have been found. The latter supports the theory that the parent material of soils associated with limestones might not be a solution product of the limestone rock.
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    The effect of copper and nitrogen on the amino acid composition of oat straw (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Ammonium ; Avena sativa ; Copper ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Oats ; Protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of fertilization with nitrogen and copper on the amino acid composition of oat straw has been studied. The plants (Avena sativa cv Yielder) were grown in peat with a very low copper content and supplied with two levels of nitrogen (NH4 or NO3) and three levels of copper sulphate. The higher level of nitrogen stimulated growth only when copper was added, whereas, without copper, it had an adverse effect on growth and prevented grain formation altogether. The higher level of nitrogen increased the nitrogen content of the straw at all levels of copper, but particularly in plants receiving no copper. Total amino acids in the straw hydrolysate of copper sufficient oats accounted for about 50% of the total N and was about 20% higher in copper-deficient tissues. The addition of copper caused a decrease in the amounts of all amino acids. The relative proportions of most of the amino acids to glycine remained fairly constant. Threonine, serine, alanine, iso-leucine, histidine and arginine showed small significant differences with copper treatment, whereas valine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, lysine and cysteic acid (derived from cysteine and cystine) showed no differences. The proportion of aspartic acid relative to glycine in the straw hydrolysate was greatly increased in copper deficient plants supplied with the higher level of nitrogen, particularly as ammonium. The proportion of glutamic acid was also increased by the higher level of nitrogen, but showed no effect of added copper. Most of the difference in aspartic acid could be accounted for as free asparagine. The possible reasons for higher proportions of asparagine are discussed in relation to the metabolism of the oat plant.
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    Use ofAzospirillum brasilense as biofertilizer in intensive wheat cropping (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense ; Biofertilizer ; Spring-wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Winter-wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three field experiments were conducted on ten cultivars of winterwheat and four cultivars of springwheat to estimate the growth promoting effect ofAzospirillum brasilense under varying nitrogen doses. Independent of cultivar selection or nitrogen dose a highly significant yield increase could be observed in winterwheat: strains S631 and SpBr14 increased the average grain yield with 9.14% and 14.82% respectively. When the yield components were studied a coinciding increase in ear density could be demonstrated of resp. 10.57% and 13.55%. Less significant results were obtained with springwheat although in one experiment strain SpBr14 significantly increased grain yield. As with winterwheat tillering of the plant was markedly affected by inoculation with both strains. In a companion greenhouse experiment it was found that inoculation with Azospirillum can cause a decrease in the root mass of wheatplants except when strain SpBr14 is used. Therefore it is suggested that the presence of a higher tillering together with an undisturbed nutrient uptake capacity can result in yield increases after inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183980
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    Effect of nitrogen management and soil moisture conservation practices on rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 433-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Kaolin spray ; Mulch ; N-application ; Split application ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies revealed that the application of fertilizer nitrogen brought a significant increase in grain and straw yield of wheat. The significant effect was also noticed on such yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers per metre row length, spike length, and number of grains per spike. The increase of nitrogen level from 40 kg/ha to 80 kg/ha also brought a significant increase in yield and yield contributing characters. The application of entire dose of nitrogen at the time of sowing was as good as its split application. The application of nitrogen also influenced the nitrogen concentration of grains whereas, the other treatments did not influence the nitrogen concentration in grains or straw. The nitrogen treatments did not influence the moisture content of soil. The application of mulch or mulch+Kaolin resulted in significantly higher content of soil moisture in 0–15 cm soil depth as compared to control or Kaolin spray alone which was simultaneously reflected in yield and yield contributing characters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183812
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    Interaction of phosphorus and molybdenum and the availability of zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum and phosphorus in waterlogged rice soil (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 271-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Manganese ; Molybdenum ; Phosphorus ; Rice ; Waterlogging ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with low-land rice soil to study the effect of applying three different levels of molybdenum (0, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm) and phosphorus (0, 100 and 200 ppm), in all possible combinations, on the changes in available Mo, P, Mn, Zn and Cu in soil. The results showed that application of Mo at both the levels increased the content of extractable Mo and P but decreased those of Cu and Mo in soil whereas application of Mo at higher level only increased the content of extractable Zn in soil. Application of P at both the levels decreased the content of extractable Mo, Mn and Cu but increased that of P whereas it showed an inconsistent effect on the extractable Zn content in soil. The P × Mo interaction effect was found to be beneficial for the content of P, Mo and Zn only. During the initial period of incubation all elements except Cu recorded an increase but with the progress of incubation period the content of all the elements except Mn gradually declined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373713
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  • 43
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    Interaction of phosphorus and molybdenum in relation to uptake and utilization of molybdenum, phosphorus, zinc, copper and manganese by rice (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 261-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Copper ; Manganese ; Molybdenum ; Phosphorus ; Rice Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of phosphorus and molybdenum alone and combined, on the uptake and utilization of Mo, Mn, Zn, Cu and P by rice (Var. IR-579) was studied in the greenhouse at varying levels of Mo (0, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm) and (0,100 and 200 ppm). Application of P increased the dry matter yield of shoot and root. Combined application of P and Mo increased the dry matter yield of shoot. Application of Mo increased the concentration of Mo and P in shoot. Applied P caused an increase in the concentration of Mo, Zn and P in shoot. Combined application of P and Mo resulted in an increase in concentration and uptake of Mo in shoot.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373712
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  • 44
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    The acquisition of phosphorus byLupinus albus L. (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 391-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Intercropping Lupins ; Lupinus albus ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Significant interactions between wheat and lupins occur below ground and wheat intercropped with lupins has access to a larger pool of available P, Mn and N than has wheat grown in monoculture. This suggests that the wheat is able to take up nutrients produced or made available by lupins grown in association with it.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374894
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  • 45
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    Increased uptake of anions by plants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Anion uptake ; Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus ; pH Rhizosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In two field experiments sown in 1982 to test the effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of (i) spring wheat and spring barley, (ii) winter wheat and winter barley, we measured the concentrations of the major cation (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+) and anions (Cl−, SO4 2−, H2PO4 − and NO3 −) in shoot tissue. In all cases the sum of the anion concentrations (ΣA) was increased strongly by mycorrhizal infection but not by P additions, confirming earlier observations2 on spring wheat. The concentration of total cations (ΣA) was generally reduced by P additions, hence P and VAM both reduced the cation excess (ΣC−ΣA) but by different mechanisms. These results suggest that increased uptake of anions by plants with VAM may be a general phenomenom which would have important implications for the elemental composition of crops. The effect may also be manifested by other types of mycorrhizal association.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182687
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  • 46
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    Chemical properties of soil and water-stable aggregates after sixty-seven years of cropping to spring wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aggregate fractions ; Fatty acids ; Long-term rotation ; Triticum aestivum ; Water-stable aggregates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three non-replicated, unfertilized, dryland grain rotations—continuous wheat, wheat-fallow, and wheat-wheat-fallow—were established in 1912 on a Dark Brown Chernozemic (Typic Haploboroll) soil. The effect of long-term cropping on the chemical constituents of total water-stable aggregates was assessed. There was a loss in percentage of total water-stable aggregates and a shift in aggregate size distribution with time. Together with an increase in the 100 μm diameter fraction, there was an increase in the sand component of this fraction. These sand particles are probably held together by alkaline-soluble, acid-insoluble organic matter. Organic carbon, polysaccharides, polyuronides, phenols, and chloroform/methanol-extractable organic matter were all associated with the 〉250 μm diameter fractions. Although the aggregates had generally the same suite of aliphatic carboxylic acids, the relative proportions changed with cultivation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178613
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  • 47
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    Chemical activity and biological effect of sludge-borne heavy metals and inorganic metal salts added to soils (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Chemical activity ; Copper ; Inorganic salt ; Nickel ; Plant uptake ; Sludgeborne ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the chemical activity and the uptake by Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. S24) of Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni added to a sandy and a heavy clay soil in two different forms: as inorganic salts and sludge-borne. The chemical activity of heavy metals as evaluated with different extractants was higher for the inorganic salt treatment and for the sandy soil, indicating that the chemical form of the metal and soil characteristics largely affect their extractability. The different chemical activity was also reflected in plant uptake. For all metals the degree of plant accumulation decreased in the following order: sandy soil-salt ≫ sandy soil-sludge〉 clay soil-salt〉clay soil-sludge. These findings indicate that caution must be used when using results of inorganic salt treatments and different soil types to evaluate plant uptake of heavy metals from sludge amended soils.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182147
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  • 48
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    A role for managanese in the resistance of wheat plants to take-all (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. 441-444 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Gaeumannomyces graminis vartritici ; Hay-die ; Manganese deficiency ; Take-all ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The hypothesis that wheat plants deficient in managenese are predisposed to infection byGaeumannomyces graminis is outlined, and a test of the hypothesis in a soil system is reported. The results supported the hypothesis: wheat plants growing in managanese-deficient soil, although not showing foliar symptoms, were markedly more susceptible to infection; plant analysis confirmed the nutrient status of the plants. A review of the literature on take-all in wheat coupled with the results of our experiments suggests a reinterpretation of the etiology of this disease, since those edaphic factors which promote infection by this organism are those which also render managese unavailable to the host. Managenese nutrition is proposed as a common factor in many of the environmental conditions which influence the host-pathogen balance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450379
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  • 49
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    Relationships of bio-climatic zones and lithology with various characteristics of forest soils in Greece (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 101-121 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Base saturation ; Bio-climatic zones ; Calcium ; Clay accumulation ; Copper ; C:N ratio ; EDTA ; Forest soils ; Greece ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Phosphate ; Potassium ; Soil classification ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soils derived from a number of different parent materials (lithologies) and developed along a climatic gradient, manifested by the altitudinal succession of natural vegetation zones (Mediterranean, sub-Mediterranean, Mountainous and Pseudoalpine), were sampled throughout mainland Greece. In soils derived from siliceous parent materials low in clay, acidity increase and percent base saturation decreases from the Mediterranean to the Pseudoalpine vegetation zones. Clay illuviation is found mainly in soils developed in the Mediterranean and the sub-Mediterranean zones. No such changes are apparent in clayey soils rich in bases. Organic matter content of the mineral portion of the soil profile increases by a factor of 2 with a decrease in mean annual air temperature of about 10°C. The pattern of change in clay and soil organic matter content with climate is in relatively good agreement with soil development trends in the area, when soil profiles are named according to the FAO-Unesco soil map of the world. Concentrations of Ca and Mg decrease and those of total N, total and extractable P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn increase from the Mediterranean to the Mountainous zone. Within the same zone, however, concentrations of N, Ca, K, Fe, Mn and Zn decrease, but those of Mg, total and extractable P increase with soil depth. The concentrations of most macro- and micronutrients in the humic horizon are several times higher than those in the mineral portion of the soil profile due to biological enrichment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182148
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  • 50
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    Response of wheat tillers at different growing stages to gametocide treatment (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 501-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; gametocide ; sterility ; fertility ; developmental stages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of the gametocides Ethrel, RH-532, and RH-2956 on wheat tillers at various stages of development were studied. The gametocides were applied to Anza and Yecora 70, two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, at three rates of foliar application when the main tillers were at meiosis. Ethrel was less effective in causing sterility than RH-532 and RH-2956. Anza showed greater induced sterility than Yecora 70 when treated with these gametocides. Ethrel affected only late tillers treated at or before meiosis. RH-532 and RH-2956 at the high application rate were equally effective for Anza. RH-2956 at the high application rate induced uniform and maximum sterility in early and late tillers of both Anza and Yecora 70.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034015
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    Some comments on two recent papers in euphytica concerning stem rust resistance in wheat (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 589-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Puccinia graminis tritici ; stem rust ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038784
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    The chromosomal location of the embryo plus scutellum alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in the hexaploid wheat kernel (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 729-734 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Triticum turgidum ; durum ; wheat ; alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Analysis of individual parts of Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum var. durum kernels showed two classes of alcohol dehydrogenase patterns: 1) A three banded pattern (ADH-1, ADH-2 and ADH-3) for endosperm (Ed) and 2) a seven banded pattern (ADH-F1, ADH-F2, ADH-1, ADH-2, ADH-3, ADH-S1 and ADH-S2) for embryo (E), scutellum (S) and embryo plus scutellum (E+S). The use of nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic series of Chinese Spring wheat allows alcohol dehydrogenase to be associated with arms 4Aα, 4BL and 4DS. A five subunit forming dimer hypothesis is postulated to explain the newly reported seven isozyme pattern. Subunits α, β and δ are coded by chromosome arms 4Aα, 4BL and 4DS respectively, and the newly postulated ɛ and γ are coded also by chromosome arm 4BL.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038801
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    Gibberellic acid effects on germination and α-amylase activity of winter wheats (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 875-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; pre-harvest sprouting ; germination ; α-amylase enzyme ; gibberellic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sensitivity to GA in non-Gai genome winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars was investigated to determine magnitude of variation of the trait, its association with other traits, and effects of geographical location of production. α-Amylase enzyme activity was measured before and after treatment with gibberellic acid in 18 cultivars grown at one location and in five cultivars grown at six locations. Dye-labeled starch and agar-starch media procedures were used for the first and second experiments, respectively. α-Amylase activity differed significantly among the 18 cultivars after germination in water, germination in GA, and in absolute and relative sensitivity to GA. Cultivars that reacted similarly to GA had some common ancestors in their pedigrees, and α-amylase activity and sensitivity to GA were significantly negatively associated with seed weight. α-Amylase activity differed between tall and semi-dwarf cultivars in the second experiment, but not in the first experiment. The magnitude of variation in α-amylase activity and its relationship to preharvest sprouting susceptibility of the cultivars suggested that the trait can be modified to improve seed dormancy. Significant interactions between cultivar responses to GA and geographical location of grain production suggested that selection should be carried out in several environments.
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    Investigation of possible associations between partial fertility restoration and agronomic traits in Triticum aestivum L. (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; hybrid wheat ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; partial fertility restoration ; Triticum timophecvi ; Puccinia graminis ; stem rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Many conventional hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) lines, including several North Dakota cultivars, carry a gene (or genes) which restore partial male fertility to male sterile plants with Triticum timopheevi Zhuk. cytoplasm. Since this gene has no fertility restoration function in T. aestivum cytoplasm, the postulation can be made that it is being retained in conventional lines because of pleiotropic effects, favorable linkages or chance. The research reported in this paper examined these possibilities. Forty F6 lines, derived from a single F2 plant which was heterozygous for a gene (or genes) for partial fertility restoration, were evaluated for two years in a yield trial planted at Fargo, North Dakota. The 40 lines were testcrossed to a male sterile line having T. timopheevi cytoplasm, and the mean seed set of testcrosses was used as a measure of a line's fertility restoration potential. Twenty-seven lines had the gene for partial fertility, and 13 lines apparently lacked this gene. The 40 lines differed for heading date, anther extrusion, plant height, grain yield, 200-kernel weight, test weight, and grain protein percentage. However, comparisons of lines having the restorer gene with those lacking the gene did not provide any obvious explanation for the retention of the partial fertility restorer gene in the breeding stocks of the North Dakota conventional hard red spring wheat breeding program. The possibility that the restorer gene was linked with genes for resistance to stem rust or leaf rust also was evaluated by testing lines for their reaction to several races of rust. No conclusive association was found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028328
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    Use of the SDS-sedimentation test and SDS-polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis for screening breeder's samples of wheat for bread-making quality (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 677-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; glutenin ; SDS-sedimentation test ; SDS-polyacrylamidegel-electrophoresis ; baking quality selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Gelprotein or SDS-insoluble gel-forming glutenin was isolated from wheat flour by extraction with an aqueous 1.5% SDS solution. Remarkable intervarietal differences were observed both in amount and subunit composition of these proteins. The amount of gelprotein and the SDS-sedimentation volume both proved to be good parameters for the bread-making quality of wheat cultivars. A high correlation was observed between amount of gelprotein and SDS-sedimentation volume. The amount of gelprotein was therefore tentatively assumed to be the essential basis of the SDS-sedimentation test. The subunit composition of the gelprotein was studied by SDS-PAGE after reduction of SS bonds by mercaptoethanol. It was found that the average bread-making quality of wheat cultivars and progeny of the cross Atlas 66 x Atys which possessed subunits 3 and 10, coded for by chromosome 1D, was significantly higher than that of wheat samples possessing subunit 2 and 11, their allelic counterparts.
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    Crossability and embryo development in wheat-rye hybrids (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 593-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; Secale cereale ; inbred lines ; intergeneric crossability ; embryo development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Crossability and embryo development were studied in the crosses of one Triticum aestivum and three T. durum genotypes with nineteen rye inbred lines. Parental wheat and rye genotypes exerted a significant influence on the characters seed set, number of seeds containing embryos and viable plantlets obtained from embryo culture. It was established that the common winter wheat cultivar Götz is of intermediate crossability. The rye inbred lines varied substantially in their capacity to fertilize several wheat genotypes. Interactions between wheats of different crossability classes and their seed set with rye lines were detected. Significant correlations were obtained between seed set and viable plantlets recovered in vitro.
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    Reselection of hard red winter wheat cultivar Lancota for high grain protein content (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 607-615 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; protein content ; grain yield ; mixing time ; soil-borne mosaic virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Lancota has genetic potential to produce grain with higher protein content than most other cultivars grown in the hard winter wheat region. It has not consistently expressed full potential for grain protein content outside its area of development. Experiments were conducted to determine genetic variability for grain protein content in Lancota and to utilize that variability to select genotypes with high grain protein content. Approximately 1600 lines were screened to 37 high-protein selections that varied in yield, test weight, flour mixing time, blooming date, height, and reaction to wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (WSBM). Nine promising selections (KS80476, KS80478, KS80480, KS80488, KS80490, KS80491, KS80497, KS80499, and KS80500) had grain protein advantage over Lancota of 0.5 to 1.0% and equalled or exceeded Lancota in yield or test weight. Those selections were resistant to WSBM and satisfactory or better in mixing properties than Lancota. The highest protein selection (KS80496) had a mean protein advantage of 1.5% over Lancota but exhibited a short mixing time of 1 7/8 min. The absence of correlation between some years indicated strong environmental influence on protein content. We concluded that adequate genetic variability existed in the high-grain protein cultivar Lancota to select lines that express the high protein potential better than the original cultivar outside its area of development.
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    Investigation of linkage drag in near isogenic lines of wheat by testing for seedling reaction to races of stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; linkage drag ; seedling resistance ; Puccinia graminis tritici ; stem rust ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To determine whether linkage drag had occurred during the breeding of near isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat, 176 lines involving 11 sets of NILs, their recurrent parents and some of their donors were tested for seedling reaction to stem rust (4 races), leaf rust (3 races) and yellow rust (3 races). From the results, six cases were identified in which linkage drag may have played a role. More research is needed to prove clearly that linkage is involved. Nevertheless, the results suggest that linkage drag is a fairly common phenomenon.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021440
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    The positive effects of the high molecular weight subunits 3+10 and 2* of glutenin on the bread-making quality of wheat cultivars (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 735-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat, glutenin ; high-molecular-weight subunits ; SDS-PAGE ; SDS-sedimentation test ; baking quality selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The high-molecular-weight subunit composition of glutenin is regulated by genes on the long arm of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes. Evidence is presented that in general the bread-making quality of wheat cultivars containing the subunits 3+10 coded for by chromosome 1D or the subunit 2* coded for by chromosome 1A is higher than that of cultivars containing their allelic counterparts the subunits 2+11 or subunit 1 and the null form respectively. Besides it is shown that the positive effects of the subunits 3+10 and subunit 2* are additive.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042153
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    A rapid method for the evaluation of variation in germplasm collections of cereals using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 877-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum turgidum ; Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; chemotypes ; electrophoresis ; variation ; prolamines ; gliadins ; hordeins ; electrophoregram ; genetic resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of storage proteins (prolamines) was used to screen 64 landraces of wheat and barley from Nepal and the YemenArab Republic and two cultivars for comparison. Altogether 3168 single seeds were examined and the advantages gained by using the vertical slab gel method were recognised. The extent of variation present within populations of landraces could be assessed easily and rapidly using the methods described. Differences in ploidy levels of wheats were detected by PAGE and investigated. Suggestions are made for improvements in sampling strategies in hilly terrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042169
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    Temperature as a component of the expression of developmental responses in wheat (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; near-isogenic lines ; chromosome substitution lines ; vernalization ; photoperiod, ear emergence ; basic development rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies were made of days to ear emergence under the constant temperatures of 9, 14, 19 and 25°C and 16 h photoperiod in three sets of wheat lines each possessing genotypes differing for developmental responses. Days to ear emergence in three near-isogenic lines of the wheat cultivar Triple Dirk, which differed for vernalization response, increased as the strength of the response increased. At the four temperatures Triple Dirk D (Vrn 1 vrn 2) was not significantly different from normal Triple Dirk (Vrn 1 Vrn 2) but Triple Dirk B (vrn 1 Vrn 2) was significantly (P=0.01) later than normal Triple Dirk at each temperature. This indicates that the vrn 1 allele confers stronger vernalization response than vrn 2 over the range of temperatures (9–24°C). However, Triple Dirk C (vrn 1 vrn 2) failed to head after 120 days at each temperature indicating strong interaction between vrn 1 and vrn 2 with each other (and possibly the Triple Dirk back-ground) to give a much stronger vernalization response than predictions from additivity of their individual effects. The second set comprised the four Chinese Spring/Thatcher chromosome substitution lines CS/T 3B, 6B, 7B and 5D, plus Chinese Spring and Thatcher, and were grown in the unvernalized condition. CS/T 5D was similar in days to ear emergence as Chinese Spring at all four temperatures but the other three lines were earlier to ear emergence, particularly as the temperature increased. Days to ear emergence was fastest at 14°C in all lines, except CS/T 3B, in which it decreased progressively from 9 to 24°C. The third set of Chinese Spring and Thatcher and the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of Thatcher substituted in Chinese Spring, the group which is considered to be involved in the control of photoperiod sensitivity. The three substitution lines responded differently to temperature compared with Chinese Spring and with each other, with chromosome 2D being the least, and chromosome 2B the most, responsive to temperature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022754
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    Transgressive segregation for resistance to yellow rust in wheat (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; durable resistance ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust of wheat ; race-specific resistance ; race-non-specific resistance ; trangressive segregation ; stripe rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Crosses were made between wheat varieties Joss Cambier, Nord Desprez and Maris Bilbo, all classified as susceptible to yellow rust in field tests, and between Cappelle Desprez and Maris Huntsman, both classified as moderately and durably resistant. Selection for resistance to yellow rust among the progeny was carried out using races of Puccinia striiformis able to overcome all the known race-specific components of resistance in both parents of each cross. Lines with greater resistance than in both parents were obtained from each cross, those with greatest resistance being obtained from the cross between the moderately resistant parents. Three lines selected for resistance from the cross of Joss Cambier with Nord Desprez and one from the cross of Cappelle Desprez with Maris Huntsman, together with the parents, were tested in the field with 12 races of P. striiformis. Nord Desprez possessed a previously undetected race-specific component. The selected lines also displayed race-specific resistance, some of which was clearly related to race-specificity of the parents, and a component of resistance, greater than in both parents, that was effective against all 12 races. The possible origin and potential durability of this transgressive level of resistance is discussed. It is suggested that such transgressive resistance is more likely to be durable if it is derived from parents that have shown durable resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022758
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    Selection for white kernel color in the progeny of red/white wheat crosses (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; selection ; inbreeding ; maternal inheritance ; kernel color
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Data are presented which support early generation selection for white kernel color in the progeny of red/white kernel wheat crosses which are segregating at 12 or more loci for yield (or any other trait of interest). The optimum generation for selecting white kernels is determined by the frequency of seeds produced with the potential to produce plants having desired quantitative alleles from both parents, and by the frequency of white kernels produced. The F2-produced seed (F3 embryo) is shown to be the optimum generation for selecting white kernels, given that 12 or more loci are segregating for a quantitative character such as yield. When the red parent is a 2 or 3 loci red genotype, selection among F4-produced seed for white kernel color may be desirable when 5 or fewer genes are segregating for the second trait. The results have direct application for all highly heritable, recessive, sporophytic traits.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022770
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    Parental effects on crossability, embryo differentiation and plantlet recovery in wheat x rye hybrids (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; read wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; inbred lines ; intergeneric crossability ; embryo differentiation ; plantlet recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary One hexaploid wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivem) and two tetraploid wheat lines (T. durum) were crossed with seventeen inbred lines of rye (Secale cereale). Seed set, degree of hybrid embryo differentiation at the time of excision for in vitro culture and recovery of amphihaploid plantlets from various embryo categories were studied. Degree of embryo differentiation was predominantly determined by maternal wheats, paternal rye genotypes appearing to be of minor importance. T. aestivum x rye hybrid embryos were superior to those produced from T. durum for degree of differentiation. The proportion of plantlets developing from differentiated embryos was high for all wheat parents, whereas undifferentiated embryos were mostly unsuitable for plantlet production. The results revealed that cross-incompatibility in hexaploid wheat x rye crosses was due to failure of fertilization, while in tetraploid wheat x rye crosses it was caused by lack of embryo differentiation. Correlation analyses showed that seed set provided a criterion to predict the amphihaploid plantlets to be expected from a particular wheat x rye combination.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022771
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    Transfer of high kernel weight and high protein from wild tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum dicoccoides) to bread wheat (T. aestivum) using homologous and homoeologous recombination (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum turgidum dicoccoides ; wild emmer ; homologous recombination ; homoeologous recombination ; Ph-mutants ; high protein ; kernel weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wheat pentaploids were produced by hybridizing a high kernel weight (1000 grain wt=56 g), high protein (25.4%) line of wild tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum dicoccoides) as male parent, with the three hexaploids (T. aestivum) — normal Chinese Spring and its two homoeologous pairing mutants, ph 1b and ph 2. The pentaploids were crossed as female parents to the two commercial hexaploid cultivars Warigal and Barkaee and 42-chromosome stable plants selected from the F1 of the pentaploid x hexaploid crosses. Mean protein content of certain F3 lines from all six pentaploid x hexaploid crosses was significantly higher than Chinese Spring and the respective commercial hexaploid parent (p〈0.005) indicating high protein had been transferred from the tetraploid to the hexaploid level. Kernel weight amongst certain F3 lines of the three pentaploids x Barkaee was significantly (p〈0.0005) higher than either Chinese Spring or Barkaee, indicating the transfer also of high kernel weight from the tetraploid to the hexaploid level. However kernel weight was not significantly increased over Warigal in any F3 lines of its crosses with the three pentaploids. High levels of homoeologous chromosome pairing in the ph-mutant pentaploids, plus evidence for significant modification of the composition of high-molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits of grain protein in certain F3 derivatives of the ph-mutant pentaploid x hexaploid, crosses indicates that the ph-mutant-derived lines may possess novel (intergenome) genetic recombination, at least for high protein, and possibly kernel weight.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022773
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    Stability analysis over seasons and locations of multilines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 489-495 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; multilines ; recurrent parents ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three multilines each of Kalyansona and PV 18 varieties of wheat were compared for their stability of yield and agronomic characters and disease resistance against the respective recurrent parents. The experiments were conducted for four years at nine locations. The multilines had more tillers and bolder seeds than the recurrent parents. There were, however, no differences for plant height, ear length and number of spikelets per spike. The genotypes x years x locations interaction was much more important than genotypes x years or genotypes x locations interaction as well as the main effects for genotypes. It is suggested that the number of test locations should be increased while decreasing the number of years. The stability parameters indicated that the multilines had a higher mean yield in the case of Kalyansona multilines whereas the yield of multilines of PV 18 was not significantly inferior to that of the recurrent parent. The regression coefficients were very close to unity except for KSML 3 (b=1.132). The deviations from regression were much larger for the multilines than for the recurrent parents. For rust resistance the multilines were superior over the varieties Kalyansona and PV 18.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021149
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    Development of hard white winter wheats for a hard red winter wheat region (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 865-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; breeding ; grain yield ; grain quality ; preharvest sprouting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hard white winter wheat (HWWW) occupies a very limited area of the USA, but its purported advantages suggest that its production in the major hard red winter wheat (HRWW) region may be feasible. Objectives of our investigations were to develop experimental HWWW lines that combined desirable attributes-grain yield, functional grain quality, and resistance to preharvest sprouting-in single genotypes for comparison with popular cultivars in the major US RHWW region. Forty-four lines from seven parental combinations were tested in randomized complete block designs at three Kansas locations during the 1981–82 and 1982–83 seasons. Agronomic traits, grain yield, grain quality, and preharvest sprouting were measured. Plant characteristics and grain yield were similar in the HWWW experimental lines and the HRWW check cultivar, Newton. Mean grain SDS-sedimentation value and grain protein content of most experimental lines equaled or exceeded that of the check. Dough mixing times frequently were shorter for the experimental lines than for the check cultivar, whereas loaf volumes were greater. Falling number usually was similar in all geneotypes, but α-amylase was higher in field-harvested grain of white lines than the check; both measures were more favorable than grain trade standards. We concluded that production of high yielding, high quality hard white winter wheat genotypes is feasible in the US ‘breakbasket’.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021914
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    Yield response of various wheat genotypes to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum brasillense ; Wheat yield ; Triticum aestivum ; Responding genotypes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty different wheat genotypes representing a wide genetic variability, were tested for their yield and yield components response to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense, at two levels of N fertilization. Only two cultivars responded by a significant yield increase of 7.4 and 8.0 per cent — both at the higher N level. The response reflected an increase in the number of grains per plant added as additional spikes. The importance of the host plant genotype for a successful wheat-bacteria association is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02161182
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    The effects of managanese and nitrate supply on the levels of phenolics and lignin in young wheat plants (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Lignin ; Manganese ; NO 3 − Phenols ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Managanese deficiency (〈 18 μg g−1 Mn) resulted in decreased levels of phenols in wheat shoots and decreased levels of lignins in both roots and shoots. These observed reductions in phenol contents was due largely to a decrease in the alkaline labile phenol component. Levels of nitrate supplied in solution influenced both phenol and lignin production; high nitrate levels (15 mM) resulted in a reduction in phenol and lignin in the shoot but stimulated lignin production in root tissue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02323058
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    The effect of soil type and degree of metal contamination upon uptake of Cd, Pb and Cu in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Copper ; Lead ; Specific surface area ; Plant uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Five soils of increasing specific surface area (SSA) were loaded to five levels of contamination with Cd, Pb and Cu, and bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown on the soils for 30 days. A linear correlation was found between the concentration of Cd in the soil solutions and the amount absorbed by the plant per gram root material for four out of the five soils, and, in the case of Cu, for all five soils. Quantitatively, there was insufficient Cd or Cu in the soil solution to account for plant uptake of these metals. The amount of Cd absorbed by plants could also be related to the adsorption density (concentration/SSA soil) of the metal in four of the five soils, whereas the Cu content of plants could be related to the adsorption density of all five soils. It is thought that the metals were removed from the soil solution by root absorption and replenished by metal cations adsorbed onto surface sites in the soil. Consideration of the adsorption density of these metals in the soil may be a useful means to determine the permissible limits for heavy metal application for a wide range of soils. Lead uptake was significantly correlated to total Pb in soils, but not to the adsorption density or soil solution concentrations. The possible interpretation of the results are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206889
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    Factors affecting the distribution of cadmium, copper and lead and their effect upon yield and zinc content in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Lead ; Copper ; Zinc ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Concentrations of Cd, Pb and Cu in the roots, stems and leaves of bulgarian bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were determined for plants grown in various soils of increasing levels of contamination of these metals. Most of each heavy metal absorbed by plants was retained in roots. Concentrations of Cd, Pb and Cu in roots increased in response to soil concentrations, whereas, in stems, only Cd and Pb concentrations increased and Cu concentration was relatively constant. It is thought that Cu transport to the stele was metabolically controlled, whereas Cd and Pb reached the stem by leakage across non suberised areas of the endodermis. Uptake of heavy metals was associated with a decrease in zinc content in plants and a decrease in yield. By regression analysis decrease in both zinc content and plant yield could be best related to Cd content in stems. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed.
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    Coprecipitation of copper and zinc in culture solutions (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium phosphate ; Copper ; Coprecipitation ; Iron phosphate ; Solution cultures ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Coprecipitation of Cu and Zn in insoluble phosphates of Fe and Ca from a modified Long Ashton nutrient solution was found to be highly pH dependent. In one experiment, more than 95% and 75% of the Cu and Zn respectively were removed from solution after two days at pH 6.5 while at pH 5.0 less than 30% and 20% respectively were removed. Significant desorption of both metals took place within one day after acidification.
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    Yield increases in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) inoculated withAzospirillum lipoferum under greenhouse and field conditions of a temperate region (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Azospirillum lipoferum ; Grain yield ; N-content ; Nitrogen fixation ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Arkas) was associated withAzospirillum lipoferum under greenhouse and field conditions of a temperate region. Controls were treated with autoclaved bacteria. The soils used were: sand, sandy loam, and a peat-clay mixture. In experiments run over a period of three years, there were increases in grain yield, N-yield of the grains, and 1000 grain weight. Depending from environmental conditions, increase changed from year to year, and within one given year. There was, however, no experiment without positive response to the inoculation. Highest grain yield increase (70%) was found on sand supplemented with P and K only, but up to 32% were also obtained on peat-clay soil containing 0.28% total N. Under greenhouse conditions, one third of technical N-fertilizer could be saved by bacterial activities. With high probability the effects observed have been at least partly due to bacterial N2-fixation, because the N-yield of the grains was increased (up to 33%), and the most pronounced response was found on sand without any N-fertilizer added.
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    An evaluation of seed and seedling drought tolerance screening tests in wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 727-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; drought tolerance ; germination ; seedling growth ; water stress selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A series of experiments was performed in order to evaluate the significance of seed germination and seedling growth in osmotic media as screening methods for drought tolerance. Ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were tested under controlled environments, using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solutions as the moisture stress inducing media. Tolerance in the rate of endosperm utilization, under stress, prior to the onset of germination varied among cultivars. Germination rate or injury to germination at various concentrations of PEG differed significantly among cultivars. Cultivar rating with respect to injury to germination changed with stress levels. Injury to germination did not correlate with endosperm utilization rate in PEG or in water. Germinating seedlings were tolerant to extreme desiccation up to the stage of emergence of the first leaf from the coleoptile. Growth of photosynthesizing seedlings was monitored as they were carried through an increasing concentration gradient of PEG solutions, ranging from −5.9 to −11.3 bars of water potential. Cultivars significantly differed in seedling growth tolerance to increasing levels of water stress. Seedling growth tolerance across cultivars was not correlated with their germination responses under srress. It is concluded that tolerance to water stress in growing seedlings can be screened for by using PEG-containing nutrient solutions. It can not be predicted from germination tests in osmotica. Work was done under a US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) Grant no. 1654/78.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023219
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    Identification and cataloguing of genetic information for resistance to wheat leaf rust (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 769-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; host-pathogen specificity ; disease resistance ; leaf rust genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Specific host-pathogen relationship is used to derive genetic information for resistance in commercial cultivars. Twenty-two cultivars were classified into 12 groups based on their reactions to 13 leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) races of India. The cultivars in each group were matched with the Lr gene carrying lines to see which genes they might possess. Confirmation of this information was sought through pedigree analyses. (1) Agra local and NP4 do not seem to have any resistance genes. (2) C306 has gene Lr14a, and NP824 one of the genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a or Lr22. (3) kalyansona carries Lr13 and another additional gene not in study. (4) Chhoti Lerma, NP852, Pusa Lerma, Sharbati Sonora, Shera, UP301 form one group and carry Lr1. (5) Sonalika seems to have Lr2a, Lr11 and additional genes. (6) Hy.65 has Lr10. (7) HS1076-2 and HW135 have the genes Lr2a and Lr3do. (8) HW124 carries the genes Lr1 and Lr3do. (9) Safed Lerma has Lr1 and Lr17. (10) NP846 has the genes Lr1 and Lr15. (11) HB117-107, Janak, UP215 form one group and possess the genes Lr3do and Lr15. (12) Girija possesses the genes Lr10 and Lr15. Based on such grouping of commercial cultivars for resistance genes a ‘Catalogue’ system is advocated for the design of wheat breeding programmes like the development of multiline and multigene cultivars.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023224
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    Is the pedigree of the near-isogenic line Michigan Amber/8*Chancellor of bread wheat correct? (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 41-43 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; linkage ; near-isogenic line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It is shown that the near-isogenic line Michigan Amber/8*Chancellor cannot derive from Michigan Amber. Marquillo is suggested as the donor cultivar.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033657
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    Genetical studies on the difference of anther length among common wheat cultivars (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; anther length ; heritability of anther length ; pistil length ; anther length-flowering date relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Anther and pistil lengths of 61 cultivars and experimental strains of common wheat were measured just before flowering. Anther length varied from 3.0 to 5.1 mm, and pistil length varied from 3.8 to 5.2 mm. A specific correlation was observed between anther length and flowering date among the parental strains, as well as in the F1 generations of 13 cross combinations; Anther length on flowering date fitted well to a curvelinear regression of the second order in parental and F1 generations. The reduction of anther length in both early and late flowering cultivars was attributed to the worse environmental conditions for their floral development, compared to the intermediate types. Such relationship between anther length and flowering date was not found in the F2 generation. This indicates that most of the genes controlling the two characters are different. Heritability of anther length estimated from the regression coefficient of the F1s on the midparents was greater than 0.65.
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    A least-squares method for choosing the best relative proportions when intercrossing cultivars (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; spring wheat ; parent selection ; cross prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It is supposed that k variables have been measured on each of m potential parents, and that the aim is to produce a base population for which the mean values are as close as possible to an ideal genotype. A least-squares estimation procedure for the parent proportions is presented and the determination of the closest practical solution is considered. It is shown that an enumeration procedure for finding the best practical solution, which is applicable in most situations, is simpler and more flexible than the least-squares method. A proposed symbolic presentation of the results of an analysis highlights the strengths and deficiencies of a set of parents and indicates which parents may complement one another.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033672
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    Evidence for a ‘uniculm effect’ in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a mediterranean environment (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; spring wheat ; uniculm effect ; ideotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The concept of the uniculm habit as an important feature of a wheat ideotype for a mediterranean environment was evaluated under field conditions. A uniculm plant produces a single shoot and when sown in a stand exemplifies a non-tillering crop with a fixed density of shoots throughout the growing season. Yield and harvest index of normal tillering spring wheat was compared with that of the same crop surgically detillered throughout the growing season to a constant density of 2 shoots per plant. The use of a biculm, whilst retaining the uniculm principle of a fixed density of shoots throughout the growing season, permitted comparison on a single crop sowing at normal field density. The control plots followed the usual pattern of tillering for the region attaining a maximum of about 4.0 shoots per plant by early spring. Shoot number declined to 2.3 and 2.6 per plant by maturity in 1978 and 1979, respectively. Detillered plots outyielded the controls by 14 per cent in 1978 (2.05 v. 1.80 tonnes ha-1) and 22 per cent in 1979 (1.84 v. 1.51 tonnes ha-1). Harvest indices were 0.39 v. 0.35 in 1978 and 0.30 v. 0.24 in 1979 for detillered and control plots, respectively. Higher leaf area indices and better water relations after anthesis in biculm stands indicated more efficient water use when shoot population was controlled at near optimum level. Irrigation at anthesis reduced the difference in yield between detillered and control plots. Although the uniculm principle was demonstrated with biculms in practice control of shoot number will require the use of genetic uniculms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033988
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  • 80
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    A classification of the NORIN 10 and Tom Thumb dwarfing genes in British, Mexican, Indian and other hexaploid bread wheat varieties (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; gibberellin insensitivity ; cultivar classification according to Rht genotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The two semi-dwarfing genes Rht1 and Rht2 from Norin 10 have now been incorporated in successful varieties in use in most major wheat growing areas. The more potent dwarfing gene, Rht3, from Tom Thumb has been used in a limited way. These genes may be identified and classified by assessing the associated character of GA-insensitivity in the progeny from test crosses. This paper describes these classifications in the CIMMYT, Mexican, PBI, Cambridge and Indian breeding programmes and for a number of other international varieties.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033997
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  • 81
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    Endosperm peroxidase electrophoresis patterns to distinguish tetraploid from hexaploid wheats (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum turgidum ; durum wheat ; endosperm peroxidases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A simple method is proposed to distinguish hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L.) from tetraploid (Triticum turgidum L., durum wheat) cultivated wheats on the basis of peroxidase isozymes coded by genome D. It can also be used as a first step to detect possible contamination by tetraploid genotype mixtures. The peroxidase patterns of endosperm and of embryo plus scutellum found among 349 entries of a durum wheat world basis collection are shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034001
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  • 82
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    The relation between wheat lines derived from the F2, F3, F4 and F5 generations for grain yield and harvest index (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 419-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat breeding ; selection ; grain yield ; harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The relationships between the F2, F3, F4 and F5 generations for grain yield were determined using random, pedigreed lines derived from each generation. The lines from two crosses were grown in plots at two sites over two years. In the first year, only F2 and F3 derived lines were available, but in the second year the F2 to F5 were grown. Correlations between lines in one generation and the mean of lines derived from them in a following generation increased as the generations were advanced. Correlations between consecutive generations were higher than those between generations two or three apart. Correlations between F2 and F5 derived lines, which indicate the effectiveness of selecting F2 lines, varied from 0.10 ns to o.49** when lines from both generations were grown in the same environment. Correlations between years of lines from the same or different generations were low and often non-significant. Harvest index was measured on the F2 and F3 derived lines at the one site in the first year. Selection for improvement of grain yield using harvest index was no more effective than selection for yield directly, when considered across years. It is conclued that, while gains in yield can be achieved by selecting for yield in early generations, a foremost consideration needs to be the influence of different sites and years on the effectiveness of selection.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034006
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  • 83
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    Response to selection for grain yield and harvest index in F2, F3 and F4 derived lines of two wheat crosses (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat breeding ; selection ; grain yield ; harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Aspects of selection for yield and harvest index were investigated by simulating selection using data from random pedigreed F2, F3, F4 and F5 derived lines from two crosses grown in plots at two sites over two years. Improvement in yield through selection was obtained when the response was measured at the same site and in the same year as the selection. Selecting the best 10 per cent of F2 to F4 derived lines gave F5 derived lines that outyielded random selections by 19 to 53 per cent for one cross and 5 to 23 per cent for the second cross. These lines were 41 to 50 per cent better than the mid-parent in one cross, but were less than the mid-parent in the other cross. However, the response to selection when measured in a different year was little better than random selection. The effect of different sites also reduced the effectiveness of selection. Selection of harvest index in early generations for improvement of yield was ineffective when response was measured at the same site in the same year, or in different years. Contrary to some theoretical proposals, the same improvement in yield was obtained by selecting in early or late generations. While high yielding genotypes may be lost by delaying selection, this is counteracted by the better predictive value of late generations due to their greater homozygosity and homogeneity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028316
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  • 84
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    Effect of embryo age and culture media on plant growth and vernalization response in winter wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 629-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; winter wheat ; vernalization ; cold treatment ; immature embryos ; excised embryos ; kinetin ; nutrient media ; seedling growth ; plant growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Embryo age and composition of nutrient medium affected plant growth and response to vernalization in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Root and shoot development was more in older than in younger excised embryos, and more in a medium without kinetin than in one with kinetin. Kinetin (2 mg/l) in the medium did not accelerate vernalization, probably because it tended to inhibit seedling and plant growth. Embryo age and media did not completely replace vernalization. Twenty- and 16-day-old embryos responded by flowering after 4 weeks of vernalization. Among plants raised on a standard medium from 20-day-old embryos and vernalized for 4 weeks, 84.2% flowered by or before 50 days after transplanting. Time from embryo culture to heading for 20-day-old embryos with-4-week vernalization averaged 84.6 days. Immature embryos (16–20 days old) needed only 4 weeks of vernalization compared to 6 weeks for mature embryos. Excised embryos could be vernalized as efficiently as seedlings raised by embryo culture. Embryo culture at 16–20 days after anthesis coupled with 4-week cold treatment shortens generation time of winter wheat by about 40 days.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039201
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  • 85
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    Monosomic analysis of stem rust resistance in the wheat cultivar Almus (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 965-970 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; black rust ; stem rust ; aneuploids ; gene location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Monosomic analysis of resistance to stem rust, race 11 (isolate G 425) was carried out in the cultivar Almus (GDR) possessing a 1B/1R translocation. F2 progenies of monosomic and disomic F1 plants of Almus crossed with 21 monosomic lines of Chinese Spring were tested. Two lines (1B and 6B) differed significantly from the disomic segregation ratio by a higher number of resistant plants and two other lines (1D and 6A) by a lower number of resistant plants. The results fitted a hypothesis comprising the interaction of two genes for resistance and two inhibitors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039236
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  • 86
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    Effects of crop residues, soil type and temperature on emergence and early growth of wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Crop residue ; Root growth ; Shoot growth ; Soil types ; Temperature ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two controlled environment experiments were conducted to examine the germination and early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Songlen) growing under crop residues of rape, sorghum, field pea and wheat. Additional treamments also included were soil type (Lithic Vertic Ustochrept and Plinthustalf) and temperature (8°C and 24°C to simulate winter and autumn sowing conditions). At low temperature, wheat and sorghum residues produced the most adverse effects on germination with all residues reducing emergence at high temperatures. Shoot lengths were also reduced by most residues at high temperatures whilst root lengths and shoot and root dry weights were unaffected by residue treatments. These results suggest major phytotoxic effects of residues during early growth (up to 14 days after sowing) with, in general, few interactions with soil type or temperature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178745
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    Growth and mineral composition of barley and wheat across sequences of Solonetzic soil (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 229-235 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Mineral composition ; Na−K interaction ; Solonetzic soil ; Solonetz-Solod sequence ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The growth and mineral composition of barley and wheat was measured across sequences of Solonetz and Solod soils. Growth of both species, along with root penetration was reduced on the Solonetz compared to the Solod soil. Mineral composition of the foliage and roots indicated that a Na−K interaction was present for the barley across the Solonetz-Solod sequences. Such factors were considered to be characteristics of soil—plant relationships on Solonetzic soils.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143613
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  • 88
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    pH optima for crop growth (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 339-357 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Cassava ; Chemical composition ; Control of solution pH ; Copper ; Flowing solution culture ; French bean ; Ginger ; Hydrogen ion injury ; Magnesium ; Maize ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Optimum pH range ; pH ; Plant growth ; Root weight ratio ; Tomato ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ginger, cassava, maize, wheat, french bean and tomato were grown for periods up to six weeks in continuously flowing nutrient solutions at seven constant pH values ranging from 3.3 to 8.5. All species achieved maximum or near-maximum growth in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. However, there were substantial differences in the ability of species to grow outside this range. Ginger and cassava were the most tolerant species to low solution pH, while ginger and tomato were the only species to show no yield depression at the highest solution pH. Roots of all species at pH 3.3 and some species at pH 4.0 exhibited symptoms of hydrogen ion injury. In addition, the concentrations of magnesium in the tops of all six species, of nitrogen in the tops of tomato and cassava, and of manganese in the tops of maize at these pH values were inadequate for optimal growth. Growth depression at high solution pH was associated with iron deficiency in maize and wheat and with nitrogen and/or copper deficiency in cassava. The relevance of the present results to crop growth under field conditions is discussed. The complex interplay of plant and soil characteristics militates against precise definition of an optimum pH range for the growth of a particular crop unless the soil is also specified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181830
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  • 89
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    The development of waterlogging damage in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeration ; Anaerobic ; Flooding ; Inorganic nutrients ; Mineral nutrition ; Nutrient accumulation ; Triticum aestivum ; Urea ; Waterlogging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Decreases in the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, in the shoots of wheat seedlings soon after the start of waterlogging were mainly attributed to an inhibition of ion uptake and transport by roots in the oxygen deficient soil. There was a small net accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by the aerial tissues, principally the tillers rather than the main shoot. By contrast, calcium and magnesium accumulated in both tillers and main shoot. With waterlogging, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were translocated from the older leaves to the younger growing leaves, and in the case of nitrogen this was associated with the onset of premature senescence. Calcium and magnesium were not translocated from the older leaves, the younger leaves acquiring these cations from the waterlogged soil. The promotion of leaf senescence by waterlogging was counteracted by applications of nitrate or ammonium to the soil surface, or by spraying the shoots with solutions of urea, but the beneficial effects on shoot growth were small. The role of mineral nutrition in relation to waterlogging damage to young cereal plants is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205847
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  • 90
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    Influence of waterlogging and lime or organic matter additions on the distribution of trace metals in an acid soil (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acid soil ; Complexed metals ; Copper ; Iron oxides ; Lime ; Manganese oxides ; Organic matter ; Redistribution ; Trace metals ; Waterlogging ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The redistribution of zinc and copper in a soil as a result of waterlogging has been studied using selective extractants to remove metals held by specific mechanisms. Waterlogging over a period of 16 weeks resulted in a lowering of soluble, exchangeable and organically bound zinc and copper. There is a concomitant increase in the levels of these metals held by specific adsorption (acetic acid extractable) and by poorly ordered oxides (oxalate extractable). It is suggested that the breakdown of these oxides of iron and manganese, which is brought about by waterlogging, provides surfaces with high adsorptive capacity for zinc and copper. Addition of 1% dried grass or 1% lime to the soil caused an acceleration in metal redistribution. Some of the copper released was retained in the standing water, presumably as a soluble chelate. This was not the case with zinc.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184204
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  • 91
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    The influence of some soil and plant factors on the concentration of copper in perennial ryegrass (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 275-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Absorption ; Availability ; Copper ; Extractable-Cu ; Lolium perenne ; Nitrogen ; Roots ; Soils ; Transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The absorption and transport of Cu were studied in perennial ryegrass grwon on 21 soils under controlled environment conditions. Neither the concentration, nor the total amount, of Cu in the shoots was related to available Cu in the soils as assessed by extraction with 0.05M EDTA, 0.005M DTPA, or 1.95 per cent HNO3. The concentration in the roots and, more especially, absorption per unit weight of root (i.e. μg Cu g dry wt−1) were, however, highly correlated with available soil Cu. This suggests that, unless the extent of exploitation of the soil by roots is taken into account, measurements of available Cu will not be effective in predicting uptake by plants. On average, 63 per cent of the Cu absorbed by the roots was retained in the roots, and variation in the proportion retained was related to the transport of nitrogen from roots to shoots. On some soils the concentrations of N and Cu in the shoots were significantly correlated, and variation in N concentration accounted for a considerable proportion of the variance in the Cu concentration at later harvests. The relative importance of the measured soil (pH, organic matter) and plant (dry weight, N content) factors changed markedly over 6 successive harvests.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374111
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  • 92
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    Heavy-metal accumulation in crops grown on sewage sludge amended with metal salts (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Chromium ; Copper ; Crops ; Heavy-metal tolerance/interaction ; Lead ; Nickel ; Sewage sludge ; Toxicity ; Trees ; Vegetables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Poplar (Populus euramericana ‘Robusta’), oats (Avena sativa L. ‘Leander’), maize (Zea mays L. ‘Ona 36’), English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), butter head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Reskia’), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. ‘Subito’) and French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Prelude’), were grown in pots with pure sewage sludge (pH 6.7), amended with Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn acetates, either added singly or in combination, to study metal effects on plant growth and metal uptake. Phytotoxic metal doses varied with metal and plant species, increasing in the order Cd〈Ni〈Cu〈Zn〈Cr and Pb. The threshold dose of toxic metals applied in combination was generally lower than that of metals given singly. Addition of Cd, Ni and Zn was clearly reflected in the respective plant concentrations. This was much less so for Cu, whereas Cr and Pb concentrations were not affected in most plant species. Critical plant (leaf) metal concentrations were lower for metals applied in combination than for single metals. Because of such phenomena the use of critical levels as a diagnostic tool for determining potential multiple metal toxicity is limited.
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  • 93
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    Studies on multilines in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).12. Breeding of a multiline variety by convergence of breeding lines (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat multiline ; limited backcross
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The variation among the component lines of the KSML 3 (a multiline based on cultivar Kalyansona, spring bread wheat) was studied for agronomic characteristics. For days to earing and plant height the variation was small. This helped in imparting uniformity to the multiline. The lines had an improved tillering ability and had larger seeds. This partially explained the increased yield potential of the multiline as compared with Kalyansona. All the lines were susceptible only to one or two races of the yellow and brown rust. In no case any race was virulent against all the lines. In the field all the lines were resistant to both rusts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037257
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    Comparison of lattice designs, check plots, and moving means in wheat breeding trials (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; randomized complete block designs ; lattice designs ; check plots ; moving means ; heritabilities ; coefficients of variation ; grain yield ; height ; test weight ; seed weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Efficiencies of lattice designs, check plot designs, and moving means were compared in seven environments for control of error in wheat breeding trials. Lattice analyses of lattice designs and check plot covariance analyses of check plot designs gave similar CV's and intra-site heritabilities and were superior to direct RCBD analyses of these designs. Moving mean covariance analyses were generally only slightly less efficient than lattice analyses or check plot covariance analyses. Differences between designs and methods of analysis, which were evident on an intra-site basis, were not evident from combined analyses indicating that genotype x environment interaction is much more important than intra-site error in limiting progress from selection. Moving mean covariance analyses with 2 replicates per location and as many locations as feasible is suggested as a useful strategy for early generation wheat breeding trials.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037258
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    The site of action of the crossability genes (Kr 1, Kr 2) between Triticum and Secale. I. Pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and number of pollen tubes (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 571-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; site of action ; crossability ; pollen germination ; pollen tube growth ; number of pollen tubes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seven genotypes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed with rye (Secale cereale L.) in order to find the site or sites of action of the crossability genes, Kr 1 and Kr 2, of wheat. The data obtained, by fluorescence microscopy, were compared to the controls (wheat x wheat). The results indicate that the crossability genes have little effect on pollen germination and on the time taken for the pollen tubes to reach the microphyle, irrespective of their crossabilities with rye. The number of pollen tubes reaching the microphyle is, however, affected by the Kr-genes, as high crossable genotypes have more pollen tubes than the low crossable ones. There was a high correlation between the mean number of pollen tubes at the micropyle with seed set, which also reflects the crossability. The Kr-genes seem to manifest themselves in the retardation and inhibition of pollen tube growth between the style base and the top of the embryo sac, where the effect is most distinct in the low crossable genotypes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023204
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    The site of action of crossability genes (Kr 1, Kr 2) between Triticum and Secale. II. Proportion of pistils containing pollen tubes and effects of alternate pollination on seed set (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; crossability ; pistils ; pollen tubes ; seed set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Different wheat genotypes (T. aestivum) were crossed with rye to ascertain the site or sites of manifestation of the crossability genes, Kr 1 and Kr 2. By using fluorescence microscopy, it was found that the order of increasing proportion of wheat micropyles containing pollen tubes is strongly correlated with the levels of crossability with rye. High crossable genotypes have more micropyles containing pollen tubes than those of the low crossable ones. Most of the inhibition or retardation of pollen tubes occurred between the style base and top of the embryo sac, expecially with the low crossable genotypes where both Kr-genes are present. The results also indicate that Kr 1 is a greater inhibitor than Kr 2. Seed set is also highly correlated with the number or proportion of micropyles having pollen tubes. Alternate pollinations seem to support the view that rye pollen tubes do not reach the micropyles of the low crossable genotypes, and hence when repollinated with wheat selfed seeds are produced.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033665
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    Monosomic analysis of fertility restoration in common wheat ‘Prof. Marchal’ (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 895-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; male-fertility restoration ; monosomic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) a monosomic set of ‘Chinese Spring’ and male-sterile ‘Janus’ (with cytoplasm of T. timopheevi Zhuk.) were used to determine the chromosomal location of Rf-genes in ‘Professeur Marchal’. As revealed by test cross data, a major gene cofeerring fertility restoration was present in ‘Prof. Marchal’ on chromosome 1B. A significant deviation towards sterility was observed in some fest cross progenies. Chromosome 1B of ‘Chinese Spring’ appeared to carry a dominant restoring gene, which caused partial restoration of fertility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039229
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  • 98
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    The influence of certain chromosomes of the hexaploid wheat cultivar Thatcher on time to ear emergence in Chinese Spring (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; chromosome substitution lines ; vernalization ; ear emergence ; basic development rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of vernalization on days to ear emergence in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) was examined in five Chinese Spring/Thatcher (CS/T) chromosome substitution lines. CS/T 5A and 5D were similar to normal Chinese Spring in days to ear emergence after all periods of vernalization while CS/T 3B and 5B were similar after some, but significantly earlier after other periods of vernalization When compared with Chinese Spring. In both the unvernalized condition and when vernalization did not limit development rate CS/T 7B was faster to ear emergence than Chinese Spring. These results are discussed in relation to the known chromosomal and genetical control of vernalization response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036871
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of shattering in maturing wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; shattering ; awns ; height
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Temporal changes in shattering losses of 14 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were studied in an irrigated environment. The lines ranged in height from 68 to 98 cm; eight lines were fully awned while five were not. Shattered kernels were gathered at weekly intervals for 6 wk; samping commenced at 30 to 40% kernel moisture and continued for 3 wk beyond harvest ripeness (14.5% moisture). Shattering loss, expressed as a percentage of yield, ranged from 3.25 to 17.3% over the 6 wk period. Awnedness was not a factor in shattering susceptibility of the genotypes studied. Both the most and least shattering resistant lines in this study were awnless. There was a nonsignificant correlation between shattering losses and plant height. It was concluded that a single quantitative measurement of shattering loss at or after harvest ripeness (14.5% moisture) would provide an adequate measure of shattering susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036883
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of physiological characters associated with yield variation in bread wheat (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 241-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; physiology ; grain yield ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Post anthesis physiological characters were examined in four genotypes and a diallel set of their progenies. Variation in total carbon uptake by photosynthetic tissue above the flag leaf node was primarily related to leaf area and ear size differences during the early grain filling period. Flag leaf apparent photosynthetic rates during the late grain filling period were closely correlated with flag leaf chorophyl levels. During the period of rapid growth, genotypes differed in the proportion and total quantity of current assimilate translocated to the grain. Total rather than proportional translocation was correlated with grain number and grain yield. Differences in total grain protein were primarily related to total plant nitrogen at anthesis and secondarily to the proportion of this nitrogen translocated to the grain. The level of post anthesis nitrate reductase activity decreased with increasing flag leaf age, but genotypic differences were not closely related to differences in total grain protein contents. Significant general combining ability effects were found for flag leaf chlorophyll levels, flag leaf photosynthetic rates at higher illuminances during the late grain filling period, total plant carbon uptake, total ear carbon uptake, and proportional carbon translocation to the grain. A preponderance of significant general combining ability variances suggests that additive gene action is of particular importance in the inheritance of these physiological characters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036885
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