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  • CR: 5.17  (143)
  • Drosophila melanogaster  (138)
  • phosphorus
  • Springer  (347)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • 1980-1984  (227)
  • 1975-1979  (120)
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Keywords
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ovicidal activity ofcis-dehydromatricaria ester: time-dependance of its enhancement by UV light (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1396-1397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; ovicidal activity ; dehydromatricaria ester ; toxicity, enhancement by UV ; polyacetylenic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Freshly laid eggs ofDrosophila melanogaster were treated with the polyacetylenic compoundcis-dehydromatricaria ester. The toxicity of the chemical was enhanced by treatments with long-wavelength ultraviolet light, and the maximum effect was observed when the UV irradiation was performed 4–5 h after the initial contact of the eggs with the chemical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951909
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A potential method for the biharmonic equation (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 43 (1984), S. 105-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A new formulation of the Dirichlet problem for the biharmonic operator is presented. This gives rise to a simple numerical method to solve the above problem. Convergence is proved in the unidimensional case. Numerical results in one and two dimensional test problems are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389641
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A uniformly convergent difference scheme for a semilinear singular perturbation problem (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 43 (1984), S. 175-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65 L 10 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We present a difference scheme for solving a semilinear singular perturbation problem with any number of turning points of arbitrary orders. It is shown that a solution of the scheme converges, uniformly in a perturbation parameter, to that of the continuous problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390122
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Une méthode numérique pour les problèmes d'équilibre de corps hyperélastiques compressibles en grandes déformations (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 43 (1984), S. 199-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65 N 30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This paper uses Augmented Lagrangian techniques for the numerical solution of equilibrium problems of compressible hyperelastic bodies subjected to large deformations. The resulting method is illustrated by several numerical examples.
    Notes: Résumé Cet article applique les techniques de Lagrangien Augmenté à la résolution numérique des problèmes d'équilibre de corps hyperélastiques compressibles soumis à de grandes déformations. La méthode obtenue est illustrée par plusieurs exemples numériques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390123
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fertilizer use in rainfed agriculture (1984)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 5 (1984), S. 371-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; dry areas ; apparent recovery fraction ; fertilizer management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Agronomic efficiency (AE) is defined as the increase in economic yield of a crop per unit fertilizer applied. Components of AE are physiological efficiency and apparent recovery fraction. The latter can be further separated into uptake efficiency and availability index. Ways to increase the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rainfed agriculture through fertilizer management are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconvergence phenomenon in the finite element method arising from averaging gradients (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 45 (1984), S. 105-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS) 65 N 30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We study a superconvergence phenomenon which can be obtained when solving a 2nd order elliptic problem by the usual linear elements. The averaged gradient is a piecewise linear continuous vector field, the value of which at any nodal point is an average of gradients of linear elements on triangles incident with this nodal point. The convergence rate of the averaged gradient to an exact gradient in theL 2-norm can locally be higher even by one than that of the original piecewise constant discrete gradient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01379664
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic bounds on the errors of one-step methods (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 45 (1984), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Bulirsch and Stoer have shown how to construct asymptotic upper and lower bounds on the true (global) errors resulting from the solution by extrapolation of the initial value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. It is shown here how to do this for any one-step method endowed with an asymptotically correct local error estimator. The one-step method can be changed at every step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389465
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dorsal/ventral compartment boundary inDrosophila: coincidence with the prospective operculum seam (1984)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 193 (1984), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; Compartment boundary ; Operculum seam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Histochemical staining of the hypoderm ofDrosophila larvae for aldehyde-oxidase activity allowed detection of a row of cells destined to form the operculum seam, along which the pupal case opens when the adult ecloses. Analysis ofmal clones in hypoderms of gynandromorph larvae showed that the prospective operculum seam coincides, in part, with a line of clonal restriction that divides the thorax into dorsal and ventral halves. We propose that this line represents the embryonic dorsal/ventral compartment boundary
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848888
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of sensory nerves within the wing ofDrosophila melanogaster (1984)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 193 (1984), S. 226-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Wing development ; Sensory neurons ; Differentiation ; Axonal outgrowth ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary TheDrosophila wing is a simple structure bearing many sensory neurons which form an elementary pattern of nerves within the veins, and provides a simple system for studying the formation of nerve pathways. A light-and electron-microscope study of the developing pupal wing was undertaken to establish the time at which the different classes of sensillum differentiate and to determine the arrangement of tissues within the wing during sensory axon out-growth in order to assess possible candidates for directing axon outgrowth. Major findings were 1. Wing development passes through three main stages: at 6–12 h after puparium formation the wing is flantened and secreting pupal cuticle; at 15–18 h the wing is dramatically inflated but is still a simple epithelium secreting pupal cuticle; at 21–24 h the wing collapses and begins to differentiate adult structures. 2. There are no persisting larval nerves which might act as pioneers or pathfinders for the later developing adult neurons. 3. Axon bundles are first observed during the 15–18 h stage prior to the pupal moult when the wing is still secreting pupal cuticle. 4. At this stage the wing is an inflated sac, without any veins or orderly arrangements of tracheae which might act as guides for axon outgrowth. Vein formation takes placeafter formation of the axon pathways. 5. The bristle axons grow along the anterior wing margin in close contact with the basal lamina of the epithelial cells, often within a gap between the processes of the epithelial cells, which could mechanically channel their out-growth. 6. The campaniform sensillum axons appear to navigate along the inner surface of the wing epithelium rather like the pioneer axons found in embryonic appendages of other insects. 7. Differentiation of sensory neurons takes place long before differentiation of the other cells associated with sensilla; most axons are present by 18 h when the wing is still secreting pupal cuticle but morphological differentiation of the bristle shaft and socket cells is not observed until about 42 h when the wing is secreting the cuticulin layer of the adult cuticle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01260343
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic regulation of theAchaete-scute complex ofDrosophila melanogaster (1984)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 193 (1984), S. 242-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chaetae ; Sensillae ; Differentiation ; Genetic regulation ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mutants in two loci,hairy (h +) andextramacrochaetae (emc +), produce phenotypes corresponding to an excess of function of theachaete-scute complex (AS-C), that is, they cause the appearance of extra chaetae. These mutants, although recessive in normal flies, become dominant in the presence of extra doses of AS-C. Here we study the interactions between these three genes, in an attempt to elucidate their relationships. The results show that the insufficiency produced byh oremc mutants can be titrated by altering the number of copies of AS-C. Moreover, excess of function of AS-C produced by derepression mutants within the complex (Hairy-wing) can also be titrated by altering the number of wild type copies of+ oremc +. These specific interactions indicate that bothh + andemc + code for “repressors” of AS-C that interact with theachaete andscute region of the complex respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01260345
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell interactions in the generation of chaetae pattern inDrosophila (1984)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 193 (1984), S. 246-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chaetae ; Differentiation ; Genetic regulation ; Pattern formation ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have already shown that theachaetae-scute complex (AS-C) ofDrosophila is regulated by two genes,hairy andextramacrochaetae. Using mutants in these genes, we have analysed how different levels of expression of AS-C affect the pattern of chaetae. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of chaetae results from cell interactions, probably by a mechanism of lateral inhibition. The results are discussed in view of the different theories of pattern formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01260346
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A finite element method for a boundary value problem of mixed type (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 44 (1984), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): Primary 65M05, 65M10, 65M15 ; Secondary: 35M05 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We consider the numerical solution of the boundary value problem (1) $$(1) Lu = k(y)u_{xx} + u_{yy} - c(x,y)u = f, u|_{\Gamma _0 \cup \Gamma _1 } = 0,$$ where $$k(y) \gtreqless 0$$ for $$y \gtreqless 0$$ Г 0 andГ 1 are parts of the boundary of a bounded simply connected regionG inR 2.G is bounded fory〉0 by a piecewise smooth curveГ 0 which intersects the liney=0 at the pointsA(−1,0) andB(0, 0). Fory〈0,G is bounded by a piecewise smooth curveГ 1 throughA, which meets the characteristic of (1) issued fromB at pointC, and by the curveГ 2 which consists of the portionCB of the characteristic throughB. Using a weak formulation based on different spaces of test and trial functions, we construct a Galerkin procedure for the above boundary value problem. Existence, uniqueness and uniform stability of an approximate solution is proven and a priori error bounds are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410104
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the convergence of difference schemes for the approximation of solutionsu ∈ W 2 m (m〉0.5) of elliptic equations with mixed derivatives (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 44 (1984), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS: 65N10 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The paper deals with such estimates of the rate of convergence of difference methods, which are compatible with the smoothness of the exact solutionu ∈ W 2 m (Ω),m〉0.5, of elliptic equations with mixed derivatives: The error in the norm of the discrete Sobolev spaceW 2 s (ω), ω denoting the set of grid points, is shown to be of the orderO(|h| m−s), 0≦s〈m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410107
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contractivity of locally one-dimensional splitting methods (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 44 (1984), S. 247-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65L05 ; 65M05 ; 65M20 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The aim of this paper is to study contractivity properties of two locally one-dimensional splitting methods for non-linear, multi-space dimensional parabolic partial differential equations. The term contractivity means that perturbations shall not propagate in the course of the time integration process. By relating the locally one-dimensional methods with contractive integration formulas for ordinary differential systems it can be shown that the splitting methods define contractive numerical solutions for a large class of non-linear parabolic problems without restrictions on the size of the time step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410109
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Monotone explicit iterations of the finite element approximations for the nonlinear boundary value problem (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 43 (1984), S. 419-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary In this paper, we consider monotone explicit iterations of the finite element schemes for the nonlinear equations associated with the boundary value problem Δu=bu 2, based on piecewise linear polynomials and the lumping operator. These iterations construct the monotonically decreasing and increasing sequences, and convergence proofs are given. Finally, we present some numerical examples verifying the effectiveness of the theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390183
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free boundary problems with nonlinear source terms (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 43 (1984), S. 463-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The method of lines is used to semi-discretize the non-linear Poisson equation over a domain with a free boundary. The resulting multipoint free boundary problem is solved with a line Gauss-Seidel method which is shown to converge monotonically. The method of lines solution is then shown to converge to the continuous solution of the variational inequality form of the obstacle problem. Some numerical results for the diffusion-reaction equation indicate that the method is applicable to more general free boundary problems for nonlinear elliptic equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390185
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Finite element solution of diffusion problems with irregular data (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 43 (1984), S. 309-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65 N 30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Diffusion problems occuring in practice often involve irregularities in the initial or boundary data resulting in a local break-down of the solution's regularity. This may drastically reduce the accuracy of discretization schemes over the whole interval of integration, unless certain precautions are taken. The diagonal Padé schemes of order 2μ, combined with a standard finite element discretization, usually require an unnatural step size restriction in order to achieve even locally optimal accuracy. It is shown here that this restriction can be avoided by means of a sample damping procedure which preserves the order of the discretization and, in the case μ=1, does not increase the costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390130
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Numerical solution of retarded initial value problems: Local and global error and stepsize control (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 43 (1984), S. 343-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Retarded initial value problems are routinely replaced by an initial value problem of ordinary differential equations along with an appropriate interpolation scheme. Hence one can control the global error of the modified problem but not directly the actual global error of the original problem. In this paper we give an estimate for the actual global error in terms of controllable quantities. Further we show that the notion of local error as inherited from the theory of ordinary differential equations must be generalized for retarded problems. Along with the new definition we are led to developing a reliable basis for a step selection scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390178
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Asymptotic stability analysis of θ-methods for functional differential equations (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 43 (1984), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L20 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Stability analysis of θ-methods for functional differential equations based on the test equation $$\begin{gathered} y'(t) = ay(t - \lambda ) + by(t),t 〉 0 \hfill \\ y(t) = \psi (t),t \in \left[ { - \lambda ,0} \right] \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ λ〉0, is presented. It is known thaty(t)→0 ast→∞ if and only if |b|〈−a and we investigate whether this property is inherited by the numerical solution approximatingy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01390181
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Feedback and adaptive finite element solution of one-dimensional boundary value problems (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 44 (1984), S. 75-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L10 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary This paper examines the concepts of feedback and adaptivity for the Finite Element Method. The model problem concernsC 0 elements of arbitrary, fixed degree for a one-dimensional two-point boundary value problem. Three different feedback methods are introduced and a detailed analysis of their adaptivity is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389757
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  • 21
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    Combined finite element and spectral approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 44 (1984), S. 201-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé On présente une méthode d'approximation numérique des équations de Navier-Stokes possédant une direction de périodicité. Dans cette direction une méthode pseudospectrale basée sur des développements en série de Fourier est utilisée, dans les deux autres on applique une méthode d'éléments finis standard. On montre que la convergence est optimale et que les deux paramètres de discrétisation peuvent être choisis de façon indépendante.
    Notes: Summary We present a method for the numerical approximation of Navier-Stokes equations with one direction of periodicity. In this direction a Fourier pseudospectral method is used, in the two others a standard F.E.M. is applied. We prove optimal rate of convergence where the two parameters of discretization intervene independently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410105
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  • 22
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    On the stability of bilinear-constant velocity-pressure finite elements (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 44 (1984), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary An analysis of the Babuška stability of bilinear/constant finite element pairs for viscous flow calculations is given. An unstable mode not of the checkerboard type is given for which the stability constant turns out to beO(h). Thus, the indicated spaces are not stable in general for numerical calculation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410106
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  • 23
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    On numerical asymptotic behavior of finite element solutions for parabolic equations (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 44 (1984), S. 285-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary In this paper, we investigate the numerical asymptotic behavior of the finite element solutions for linear parabolic equations under some appropriate conditions. We also give some results of numerical experiments in the two dimensional problems to indicate the effectiveness of our results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410112
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  • 24
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    Partitioned adaptive Runge-Kutta methods and their stability (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 45 (1984), S. 283-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary This paper deals with the solution of partitioned systems of nonlinear stiff differential equations. Given a differential system, the user may specify some equations to be stiff and others to be nonstiff. For the numerical solution of such a system partitioned adaptive Runge-Kutta methods are studied. Nonstiff equations are integrated by an explicit Runge-Kutta method while an adaptive Runge-Kutta method is used for the stiff part of the system. The paper discusses numerical stability and contractivity as well as the implementation and usage of such compound methods. Test results for three partitioned stiff initial value problems for different tolerances are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389472
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  • 25
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    Asymptotic theory of the global error and some techniques of error estimation (1984)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 45 (1984), S. 51-74 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: MR65 M15 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The error of the approximate solution obtained by discretising a functional equation can be shown under certain conditions to possess an asymptotic expansion in terms of some parameter which is usually a representative step-length. We consider the case of two-parameter expansions, which is particularly relevant to parabolic equations. We derive results for the existence of the expansion and for the application of the classical difference correction and of defect correction. The theory is illustrated by the discussion of a simple parabolic problem
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01379661
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  • 26
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    The existence of LSP-1βS in Drosophila melanogaster natural populations in two northern states (1984)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 22 (1984), S. 551-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; larval serum protein polymorphisms ; genetic heterogeneity ; northern populations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract LSP-1βS is present in Michigan and Massachusetts Drosophila melanogaster natural populations. Its frequency, 10%, is significantly higher in an East Jordan, Mich. (latitude, 45.10° N), population than in East Lansing, Mich. (latitude 42.44° N), or Hadley, Mass. (latitude, 42.21° N), populations, where it averages 3% at each location. The average frequency of LSP-2S is more comparable, 6, 5, and 7% at East Jordan, East Lansing, and Hadley, respectively. LSP-1γF variants are also present. A total of 342 single third-instar larvae was scored for LSP-1 autosomal variants, and 323 for LSP-2 variants. Each larva represented a newly established isofemale line from collections at East Jordan in 1981 and 1983, East Lansing in 1982, and Hadley in 1981, 1982, and 1983. Within localities, frequencies of hemolymph protein variants did not differ significantly between years. Proteins 9, 10, 11, and 15 correspond to the LSP-1γ, β, and α triplet and LSP-2 polypeptide in D. melanogaster. Our results together with those of Singh and Coulthart [(1982). Genetics 102:437] indicate that D. melanogaster populations in north temperate climates maintain considerable genetic heterogeneity for the larval hemolymph proteins.
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    Quantitative analysis of the amount of larval serum protein-1 (LSP-1) synthesized by flies with different doses of the LSP-1 coding sequences (1984)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 22 (1984), S. 783-795 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: larval serum protein ; gene dosage ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Larval serum protein-1 (LSP-1) and LSP-2 are the major proteins of Drosophila larval serum. The amount of LSP-1 synthesized is strictly proportional to the number of LSP-1 genes present within the range 1–10. The normal number in female flies is 6. Flies with extreme amounts of LSP-1 were, by our criteria, as fit as the wild type. The ratio of LSP-2:LSP-1 was analyzed in 169 different stocks and was constant in 164 of these. The significantly different ratios in five stocks were all due to the lack of one of the LSP-1 gene products.
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    Nonselective amplification of ribosomal DNA repeat units in compensating genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster (1984)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 22 (1984), S. 453-465 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; ribosomal DNA ; compensation ; selective amplification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Compensation is a mechanism by which the X-chromosome nucleolus organizer region of Drosophila melanogaster can increase its ribosomal DNA content up to twofold. It occurs in somatic cells under specific genetic conditions and is mediated by a defined genetic site, the compensatory response locus. The In and various type I ribosomal DNA repeat units were separated by restriction endonuclease digestion. Comparison of the percentages of these repeat unit types between compensating and noncompensating genotypes showed the same distribution. Therefore no selective amplification of these repeat unit types occurs during ribosomal DNA compensation. These results demonstrate that two processes of rDNA amplification in somatic cells, compensation and independent rDNA polytenization, are exclusive events.
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    Olfactory responses to alcohols by adults of sympatric populations ofDrosophila melanogaster andDrosophila simulans (1984)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 14 (1984), S. 295-313 
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    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: sympatric populations ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Drosophila simulans ; olfaction ; alcohols ; methanol ; ethanol ; propanol ; iso-propanol ; butanol ; hexanol ; octanol ; “threshold response model.”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Alcohol preference by adults (1–2 days old) of sympatric populations ofDrosophila melanogaster andD. simulans were studied in a T-shaped glass maze. Concentrations for ethanol, methanol, propanol, and hexanol alcohols (group I) were 10, 25, 35, and 50%; for iso-propanol, butanol, and octanol alcohols (group II), they were 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 10%.D. simulans preferred the four alcohols in group I, more thanD. melanogaster. While moreD. melanogaster thanD. simulans preferred iso-propanol, moreD. simulans thanD. melanogaster preferred butanol. The two species had a similar preference for octanol. Regardless of the position of alcohol in the maze,D. melanogaster preferred to turn right in the presence of all alcohols, whileD. simulans preferred to turn right in the presence of group I alcohols only. At 10% concentration, males of both species preferred to turn right and females preferred to turn left. More females than males ofD. simulans preferred group II alcohols. There was no significant difference among concentrations for all alcohols in group I forD. melanogaster. Highly significant differences among concentrations were detected for group I alcohols forD. simulans and group II alcohols for both species.D. simulans was more dependent on ethanol concentration thanD. melanogaster. There was also an alcohol by concentration interaction forD. simulans group I andD. melanogaster group II. At the common concentration (10%) there was no difference between the two species in their preference for any alcohol, with the following ranking order in attractiveness: methanol〉ethanol〉propanol 〉hexanol〉octanol〉butanol〉iso-propanol. There was a negative correlation between some physical properties of alcohols and their attractiveness. In general, the results are consistent with the “threshold response model.”
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    Genetic analysis of the circadian oviposition rhythm inDrosophila melanogaster: Effects of drift in laboratory strains (1984)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 14 (1984), S. 31-43 
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    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: oviposition behavior ; circadian rhythm ; Drosophila melanogaster ; photoperiodism ; genetic drift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Under photoperiodic conditions, flies recently collected in nature exhibit, at the beginning of the scotophase, an oviposition peak which has a higher amplitude in Afrotropical than in European temperate populations. Several old laboratory strains failed, however, to show this peak. In each cross between genetically different strains, the oviposition curves of F1 and F2 were usually close to the midparent curve. Ten isofemale lines from an Afrotropical populations were submitted to inbreeding and drift. After 100 generations, two of the four surviving lines had retained the high peak typical of the origin population while the two others had lost it. Chromosome substitutions between these lines demonstrated a polygenic inheritance with a significant effect of the three major chromosomes. Presumably, the variations of amplitude of the oviposition peak were not caused by a modification of the ovarian activity but by a behavioral change toward the external signals of the environment.
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    Dispersal behavior of photonegative selection lines ofDrosophila melanogaster (1984)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 14 (1984), S. 269-277 
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    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: negative phototaxis ; artificial selection ; dispersal behavior ; habitat choice ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Population dispersal ofDrosophila melanogaster in the wild has been studied with the release and recapture of 60,000 flies from two photonegative selection lines and their photopositive control. The results show evidence of phototaxis-dependent habitat choice of at least one photonegative population. For this reason, phototactic behavior measured in Y mazes could be of evolutionary significance inDrosophila melanogaster.
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    Studies on chromatin organization in a nucleolus without fibrillar centres (1984)
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    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 279-288 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleoli ; Fibrillar centres ; Chromatin ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In embryonic cell-line derivative KCo of Drosophila melanogaster, the nucleolus, like most nucleoli, contains a small proportion of ribosomal DNA (1–2% of the total nucleolar DNA). The ribosomal DNA is virtually the only active gene set in the nucleolus and is found among long stretches of inactive supercoiled heterochromatic segments. We have demonstrated by use of a Feulgen-like ammine-osmium staining procedure that, depending on the state of growth, more or less fibres of decondensed DNA emanating from the intra-nucleolar chromatin (which is in continuity with the nucleolus-associated chromatin) ramify and unravel within the central nucleolar core to be transcribed. The nucleolus expands or contracts with the variation of activity and could belong to a supramolecular matricial structure such as is shown after extraction of the nuclei. After a long period of exposure to high doses of actinomycin D, the central nucleolar core became an homogeneous fibrous structure that could be interpreted as an aggregate of protein skeletal elements. The mechanism of repression and derepression of the nucleolar chromatin could thus be explained by a mechanism involving in part a sub-nucleolar structure. We propose a schematic organization of the nucleolar chromatin in KCo cells of Drosophila and discuss it in relation with other nucleolar organizations.
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    Nutrient enrichment of Cabo Frio (Brasil) sea water for phytoplankton mass production (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 111 (1984), S. 49-56 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nutrient enrichment ; yield coefficient ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; mass culturing ; phytoplankton ; sea water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Natural phytoplankton of Cabo Frio area was grown in 42 m-deep artificially upwelled seawater enriched with increasing concentrations of nitrogen or phosphorus. Respective values allowing maximum biomass, maximum uptake of initial reserve and maximum yield coefficient are rather conflicting. Notwithstanding, respective values of 75 µg at 1−1 nitrogen and 5 µg at 1−1 phosphorus, and therefore N:P = 15, appeared to be the best compromise for initial nutrient levels.
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    Effects of winter harvest on water and sediment chemistry in a stand of reed (Phragmites australis) (1984)
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    Hydrobiologia 112 (1984), S. 131-136 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: reed ; harvest ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; redox potential ; oxygen
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An investigation of the effects of repeated winter harvest and removal of dry reed culms on water and sediment chemistry was made in a shallow lake dominated by closed, monospecific reed stands. The oxygen concentration and redox potential in the water, as well as temperature, showed regular diurnal fluctuations inside the reed stands. Ammonium and nitrate + nitrite did not exhibit diurnal fluctuations and differences between a harvested and an unharvested reed area were small. Molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) concentration was higher in the unharvested area. Because the winter harvest caused an almost doubling of shoot production compared to the unharvested area, net addition of reed litter (leaves, stubble and culms) to the sediment of the harvested area was similar to that of the unharvested area. It is concluded that removal of reed culms in winter has the largest effect on microclimate in spring, and that the rate of mineralization and reducing intensity in the substrate are not immediately affected. Significantly higher summer standing crop of reed after harvest may have caused lower phosphate concentration in the water column and sediment interstitial water.
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    Effects of phosphorus and nitrogen enrichment on the phytoplankton in a tropical reservoir (Lobo Reservoir, Brazil) (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 118 (1984), S. 177-185 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: enrichment ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; phytoplankton ; tropical reservoir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of enrichment with phosphate (0–500 µg. 1−1) and forms of nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia an and urea) (0–3500 µgg. −1) on the phytoplankton growth of Lobo Reservoir (Brazil) were studied in July, 1979. Suspended matter, chlorophyll a, cell concentrations and the carotenoid:cchlorophyll ratio were estimated following 14 days of ‘in situ’ incubation. Phosphate alone caused no significant effects, but enrichment with nitrogen caused a substantial increase on the growth of phytoplankton. Comparison between the different forms of nitrogen showed insignificant effects after their additions with 350 µg. −1 and in combination with phosphate. However, when nitrogen was added in large quantities (3 500 µg. −1), significant differences between the nitrogeneous forms were found, with urea causing the strongest effect. In July, nitrogen is mhe main limiting nutrient to phytoplankton growth of Lobo Reservoir.
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    A semi-implicit mid-point rule for stiff systems of ordinary differential equations (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 373-398 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The paper introduces a new semi-implicit extrapolation method especially designed for the numerical solution of stiff systems of ordinary differential equations. The existence of a quadratic asymptotic expansion in terms of the stepsize is shown. Moreover, the new discretization is analyzed in the light of well-known stability models. The efficiency of the new integrator is clearly demonstrated by solving a series of challenging test problems including real life examples.
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    Maximum-norm stability and error estimates in Galerkin methods for parabolic equations in one space variable (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 345-371 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Maximum-norm stability and error estimates of best approximation and nonsmooth data types are derived for the approximate solution of a parabolic equation in one space variable, using the continuous in time Galerkin method based on piecewise polynomial approximating functions on a quasi-uniform mesh.
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    On the uniform power-boundedness of a family of matrices and the applications to one-leg and linear multistep methods (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We study the difference equations obtained when a linear multistep method is applied to the scalar test equationdy/dt=λy and constant stepsizeh. LetS be the region of the absolute stability of the method, and letD be a closed subset ofS (on the Riemann sphere $$\mathbb{C}$$ ). It is shown that the solutions of these difference equations are bounded forn≧0, uniformly for λh∈D.S is itself closed in $$\mathbb{C}$$ iff ∂S is free of cusps. The question is studed by means of contractivity analysis and a matrix theorem, derived from the matrix theorem of Kreiss.
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    Order and stepsize control in extrapolation methods (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 399-422 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The paper presents a new theory for joint order and stepsize control in extrapolation methods. This theory defines a locally optimal order that can be determined along any trajectory to be computed. In addition, Shannon's information theory is applied to derive some ideal convergence model that is expected to describe the behavior of an extrapolation method over a large set of test problems. Extensive numerical comparisons document a drastic acceleration in stiff integration and a mild acceleration in non-stiff integration by the new device. Moreover, a significant increase in reliability, robustness, and portability of the extrapolation codes is achieved.
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    Split linear multistep methods for the numerical integration of stiff differential systems (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 299-310 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A new approach to the problem of numerically integrating stiff differential systems is described. In this approach a linear multistep method (the basic method) is split into a kind of predictor-corrector scheme, where the predictor is also implicit. If this splitting is done in an appropriate manner, the modified method has considerably better stability properties than the basic method. As a result, splitting methods are particularly useful for problems where conventional integration methods experience stability difficulties. In particular some highly stable split linear multistep methods based on backward differentiation formulae are derived and a highly stable variable step implementation is proposed.
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    A boundary element method for a two-dimensional interface problem in electromagnetics (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 311-322 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65 N 30 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary This paper presents Galerkin approximations for solutions of two dimensional interface problems by solving corresponding boundary integral equations. These are obtained by simple layer potential operators only. Due to the strong ellipticity of the integral equations the Galerkin procedure converges with optimal order. Smoothness of the given data implies high convergence rates for the layers.
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    OnD-stability andB-stability (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 349-357 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS) 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary In this paper theD-stability properties of some classes of perturbed collocation methods are investigated. Among others we show the implicit Runge-Kutta methods described by Ehle-Chipman to beD-stable. We also give implicit Runge-Kutta methods that are bothD-stable andA-stable but notB-stable. Finally we indicate in what senseB-stability is stronger thanA-stability together withD-stability. The results of this paper are based on recent results of Nørsett and Wanner on perturbed collocation methods.
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    Effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on protein synthesis in wing discs ofDrosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 366-368 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; Wing discs ; 20-Hydroxyecdysone
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    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Full wing disc evagination requires about 10 h of continuous exposure to 20-hydroxyecdysone. The synthesis of two polypeptides is increased when wing discs are subjected to short exposure (4 h) to the hormone, and their synthesis is dependent on hormone. A second group of proteins increased in synthesis only after longer hormonal treatment (12 h); however, the increased synthesis of these proteins can be induced by withdrawing hormone after short exposure. The results of this study are consistent with the model of sequential gene activation by 20-hydroxyecdysone proposed by Ashburner et al. (1974).
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    Error analysis for Laplace transform —Finite element solution of hyperbolic equations (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 55-62 
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    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The finite element method with Laplace transform of time variable is proposed for the solution of hyperbolic equations. Error estimates in Hardy spaces of functions with values in Sobolev spaces are derived. Due to the isometric isomorphism of Hardy spaces with weighted Hilbert spaces these estimates are valid also for original formulations of hyperbolic equations.
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    Smoothing the extrapolated midpoint rule (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 165-175 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65LO5 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The extrapolated midpoint rule is a popular way to solve the initial value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. As originally formulated by Gragg, the results are smoothed to remove the weak instability of the midpoint rule. It is shown that this smoothing is not necessary. A cheaper smoothing scheme is proposed. A way to exploit smoothing to increase the robustness of extrapolation codes is formulated.
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    On calculating the eigenvalues of the finite Hill's differential equation (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 255-279 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L15 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Some methods for evaluating the characteristic exponents in connection with Newton's iteration are applied for solving the eigenvalue problem related to the finite Hill's differential equation or, in particular, Mathieu's equation. By using these methods a high accuracy is achieved, furthermore a complete error analysis, which yields rather realistic error bounds, is possible.
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    Monotone methods for periodic solutions of second order scalar functional differential equations (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 15-30 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS: 65L10 ; 34C25 ; 34K10 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary An iterative method is presented which starting from a lower or from an upper periodic solution, provides a monotone sequence converging to a periodic solution of (1). With some restrictions on the growth off, the method extends to functional differential equations of type (1′). Two numerical examples with an “a posteriori” error analysis are given.
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    Approximation of pseudodifferential operators in absorbing boundary conditions for hyperbolic equations (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 51-64 
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    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65N99 ; 35L05 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Engquist and Majda [3] proposed a pseudodifferential operator as asymptotically valid absorbing boundary condition for hyperbolic equations. (In the case of the wave equation this boundary condition is valid at all frequencies.) Here, least-squares approximation of the symbol of the pseudodifferential operator is proposed to obtain differential operators as boundary conditions. It is shown that for the wave equation this approach leads to Kreiss well-posed initial boundary value problems and that the expectation of the reflected energy is lower than in the case of Taylor- and Padé-approximations [3, 4]. Numerical examples indicate that this method works even more effectively for hyperbolic systems. The least-squares approach may be used to generate the boundary conditions automatically.
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    On the condition number of boundary integral operators for the exterior Dirichlet problem for the Helmholtz equation (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 77-95 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N99 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Brakhage and Werner, Leis and Panich suggested to reduce the exterior Dirichlet boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation to an integral equation of the second kind which is uniquely solvable for all frequencies by seeking the solution in the form of a combined double- and single-layer potential. We present an analysis of the appropriate choice of the parameter coupling the double- and single-layer potential in order to minimize the condition number of the integral operator.
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    On multi-grid methods for variational inequalities (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 65-76 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65 N 20 ; CR: 5.17
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    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We consider here a general class of algorithms for the numerical solution of variational inequalities. A convergence proof is given and in particular a multi-grid method is described. Numerical results are presented for the finite-difference discretization of an obstacle problem for minimal surfaces
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    Die maximale Konsistenzordnung von Differenzenapproximationen nichtnegativer Art (1983)
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    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 119-123 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N10 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Many difference methods for the numerical solution of elliptic boundary value problems lead to systems of linear equations whose matrices areM-matrices and which therefore have nonnegative inverses. In this paper it is shown, that these difference methods are at most consistent of second order.
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    On conforming finite element methods for the inhomogeneous stationary Navier-Stokes equations (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 173-194 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We consider the stationary Navier-Stokes equations, written in terms of the primitive variables, in the case where both the partial differential equations and boundary conditions are inhomogeneous. Under certain conditions on the data, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a weak formulation of the equations can be guaranteed. A conforming finite element method is presented and optimal estimates for the error of the approximate solution are proved. In addition, the convergence properties of iterative methods for the solution of the discrete nonlinear algebraic systems resulting from the finite element algorithm are given. Numerical examples, using an efficient choice of finite element spaces, are also provided.
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    Contractivity in the numerical solution of initial value problems (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 271-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65J10, 65L20, 65M10 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Consider a linear autonomous system of ordinary differential equations with the property that the norm |U(t)| of each solutionU(t) satisfies |U(t)|≦|U(0)| (t≧0). We call a numerical process for solving such a system contractive if a discrete version of this property holds for the numerical approximations. A givenk-step method is said to be unconditionally contractive if for each stepsizeh〉0 the numerical process is contractive. In this paper a general theory is given which yields necessary and sufficient conditions for unconditional contractivity. It turns out that unconditionally contractive methods are subject to an order barrierp≦1. Further the concept of a contractivity threshold is studied, which makes it possible to compare the contractivity behaviour of methods with an orderp〉1 as well. Most theoretical results in this paper are formulated for differential equations in arbitrary Banach spaces. Applications are given to numerical methods for solving ordinary as well as partial differential equations.
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    Stability of multistep-methods on variable grids (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 359-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS 65L05 ; 65L07 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary This paper is concerned with the stability of multistep methods for ordinary initial-value problems on grids with variable mesh-sizes. A necessary and sufficient condition for stability is given from which generalizations of recent results by Gear et al. and by Zlatev can be obtained as special cases. As an application the stability of the variable BDF-formulas is treated.
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    Norm bounds for rational matrix functions (1983)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 42 (1983), S. 379-389 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L20 ; 15A60 ; 65M20 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary If the field of values of a matrixA is contained in the left complex halfplaneH and a functionf mapsH into the unit disc then ∥f(A)∥2≦1 by a theorem of J.v. Neumann. We prove a theorem of this type, only the field of values ofA is used for functions which are absolutely bounded by one in only part ofH. An extension can be used to show norm-stability of single step methods for stiff differential equations. The results are applicable among others to several subdiagonal Padé approximations which are notA-stable.
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    Changes in cell surface proteins of culturedDrosophila cells exposed to 20-hydroxyecdysone (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Cell Surface ; Drosophila melanogaster ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; protein changes ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Drosophila cell lines have provided popular material for study of the mechanisms by which steroid hormones regulate cellular events. Previous investigations at the organismic or organ level have suggested that ecdysteroids are bound by a cytoplasmic receptor, and that the resulting complex translocates to the nucleus where it results in active transcription of a few genes. The protein products of these primary responding genes then modulate a larger series of secondary transcriptional changes. In cultured cells, other investigators have detected the hormonally-induced synthesis of only 4–5 new polypeptides through 72 h of treatment. Although these proteins may represent the gene products associated with the primary response, this small number of changes is surprising in view of the rapid morphological alteration of the cells and changes in such surface-mediated behavior as substrate adhesion and agglutinability observed within the same time interval. In this report, we show that lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination followed by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography provide an effective protocol for visualizing cell surface proteins of a Drosophila cell line. Among the more than 175 labeled species detected, comparisons of control cells with those treated by 20-hydroxyecdysone for 72 h shows at least 27 differences. We interpret these differences as the result of the secondary transcriptional response to the hormone.
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    Abrupt decline in the rate of accumulation of total protein and yolk in postvitellogenic egg chambers ofDrosophila (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 189-195 
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    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; Embryo Metabolism ; Protein biosynthesis ; Ovary ; Growth and development egg yolk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The accumulation of endogenously synthesized non-yolk proteins, and of exogenously derived yolk, was quantitated during oogenesis and embryogenesis ofDrosophila. Rates of non-yolk protein accumulation were calculated, and were correlated with polysome content at each developmental stage. Three distinct phases of non-yolk protein accumulation were observed: 1) relatively slow accumulation, lasting to stage 9 of oogenesis; 2) very rapid accumulation between stages 10 and 12 of oogenesis, when half of the protein of the mature egg is accumulated in less than 4 h; and 3) no further protein accumulation from stage 12 of oogenesis through at least the gastrula stage of embryogenesis. During phases 1 and 2, rates of non-yolk protein accumulation correlate well with the polysome content of egg chambers. Surprisingly, during the entire phase 3 the content of polysomes remains at high levels, even though no detectable protein accumulation occurs. This finding is in agreement with the low levels of protein synthesis that have been measured during early embryogenesis, and strongly suggests that late in oogenesis the efficiency of translation suddenly drops by about 20-fold. Moreover, our results imply that polysome content cannot always be directly correlated with protein synthetic activity.
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    Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase: An electrophoretic study of the AdhS, AdhF, and AdhUF alleloenzymes (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 63-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; Drosophila melanogaster ; multiple forms ; conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The nature and the interconversion of the three multiple forms Adh-5, Adh-4, and Adh-3 of the purified alleloenzymes AdhS, AdhF, and AdhUF from the fruitflyDrosophila melanogaster have been examined. The experiments show that these multiple forms differ from those in crude extracts of flies homozygous at the Adh locus. On electrophoresis in a starch gel containing NAD or NADH, of purified AdhS which consists of the three Adh forms S-5, S-4, and S-3, five enzymatically active zones appear. This contrasts with the single active zone that arises with crude extracts. Of the five zones that appear with purified enzyme, S-5 gives rise to one, while the other four zones come from the two minor forms S-4 and S-3. The occurrence of the three multiple forms Adh-5, Adh-4, and Adh-3 for each of the purified alleloenzymes is considered due to Adh-5 and, in the case of Adh-4 and Adh-3, deamidation of Adh-5, with the Adh-3 fraction also containing some reversible modified Adh-5. Of the labile amides, at least one must be located in the coenzyme binding region with deamidation preventing coenzyme binding. Pure NAD does not convert Adh-5 to Adh-3 and Adh-1. To produce conversion, the presence of either acetone or butanone along with NAD is necessary. Increased amounts of either acetone or butanone result in increased conversion. In contrast to this, none of the carbonyl compounds cyclohexanone, (+)- and (−)-verbenone, acetaldehyde, acrolein, or crotonaldehyde produces conversion. The ketone group binds to the alcohol binding site in the enzyme-NAD complex. Conversion is considered due to the ketone group binding to a nucleophilic amino acid residue and forming a bridge to the C-4 of the nicotinamide moiety of NAD.
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    Esterase-6 allozymes: Biochemical studies of two common and one rare variant inDrosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 191-197 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; common and rare allozymes ; esterase-6 ; biochemical properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The biochemical properties of three allozymes coded by theEst-6 locus, two common forms (EST-6S and EST-6F) and one rare form (EST-6VF), were studied. The results show the existence of differences in isoelectric point, activity, activation energy, Km, and temperature coefficient among the three variants, especially between the two common forms and the one rare form. The specific activity of the rare enzymatic variant seems to be less affected by temperature variation. The possible significance of these findings in relation to the mechanism of reproduction is briefly discussed.
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    Studies of esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster. XIII. Purification and characterization of the two major isozymes (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 1019-1040 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; esterase 6 ; isozymes ; enzyme kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Esterase-6 (EST 6; carboxylic-ester hydrolase; EC 3.1.1.1) from Drosophila melanogaster was purified to homogenity. Purified enzyme occurs as two closely moving isozymes, slow (EST 6S) and fast (EST 6F), on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Except for slight differences in their mobility, the two isozymes share similar molecular and catalytic properties. Both isozymes are glycoproteins and have an apparent molecular weight of 62,000 to 65,000 as judged by analytical gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis. They have identical mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and an isoelectric point of 4.5. Each isozyme has a single active catalytic site as confirmed by titration with 0,0-diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (Paraoxon). We conclude that EST 6 is a monomeric enzyme. The amino acid composition of the two isozymes is very similar and both variants lack half-cystine residues. The low pI of the enzyme is due in part to a relatively high proportion of glutamic and aspartic amino acid residues. Characterization of the kinetic parameters of the isozymes using β-naphthyl and p-nitrophenyl esters revealed no statistically significant differences in catalytic efficiency. There is, however, a suggestion that the two isozymes may differ in their substrate specificity.
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    Identification of a Yellow gene-specific protein in Drosophila melanogaster by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 1135-1142 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Drosophila melanogaster ; yellow (y) gene ; protein purification ; development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants suggests that the yellow (y) gene in Drosophila melanogaster is expressed at a different time in each cell type that gives rise to the various structures of the adult cuticle. An important step in analyzing the regulation of this gene requires identification of the y structural protein. A polypeptide has been identified which correlates with the presence or absence of a functional y gene. Furthermore, this protein has the tissue distribution profile expected of the y structural gene product. The ability to locate this gene was facilitated by the use of coisogenic stocks, two-dimensional electrophoretic protein separation, and an ultrasensitive silver protein stain.
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    Developmental regulation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase synthesis in Drosophila (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 49-62 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; enzyme synthesis ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Methods have been developed to measure the synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) during the development of Drosophila melanogaster. In emerged adult flies, GPDH is a principal component of protein synthesis, comprising between 1 and 2% of the protein synthetic effort. This high relative rate of protein synthesis continues throughout adult life during a period of stable enzyme concentration. Therefore, it is evident that GPDH undergoes continual turnover. Analysis of GPDH synthesis in the adult segments reveals that this enzyme is synthesized in head, thorax, and abdomen. In 5-day-old flies, the relative rates of GPDH synthesis in the thorax and abdomen are similar. However, the concentration of GPDH in the thorax greatly exceeds that found in the abdomen. Therefore, it appears that the turnover rate of GPDH in the abdomen must be greater than the turnover rate of GPDH in the GPDH-containing cells (flight muscle) of the thorax. GPDH represents between 0.5 and 0.9% of the protein synthetic effort of larvae. The principle GPDH-containing tissue of larvae is fat body. The turnover of GPDH in larvae is similar to that in adult abdomen. This may be related to the concurrent presence of GPDH isozyme-3 in both tissues. Our studies indicate that the cell type-specific control of GPDH occurs at several levels.
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    Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase: An electrophoretic study of the AdhS, AdhF, and AdhUF alleloenzymes (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 63-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; Drosophila melanogaster ; multiple forms ; conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The nature and the interconversion of the three multiple forms Adh-5, Adh-4, and Adh-3 of the purified alleloenzymes AdhS, AdhF, and AdhUF from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster have been examined. The experiments show that these multiple forms differ from those in crude extracts of flies homozygous at the Adh locus. On electrophoresis in a starch gel containing NAD or NADH, of purified AdhS which consists of the three Adh forms S-5, S-4, and S-3, five enzymatically active zones appear. This contrasts with the single active zone that arises with crude extracts. Of the five zones that appear with purified enzyme, S-5 gives rise to one, while the other four zones come from the two minor forms S-4 and S-3. The occurrence of the three multiple forms Adh-5, Adh-4, and Adh-3 for each of the purified alleloenzymes is considered due to Adh-5 and, in the case of Adh-4 and Adh-3, deamidation of Adh-5, with the Adh-3 fraction also containing some reversible modified Adh-5. Of the labile amides, at least one must be located in the coenzyme binding region with deamidation preventing coenzyme binding. Pure NAD does not convert Adh-5 to Adh-3 and Adh-1. To produce conversion, the presence of either acetone or butanone along with NAD is necessary. Increased amounts of either acetone or butanone result in increased conversion. In contrast to this, none of the carbonyl compounds cyclohexanone, (+)- and (−)-verbenone, acetaldehyde, acrolein, or crotonaldehyde produces conversion. The ketone group binds to the alcohol binding site in the enzyme-NAD complex. Conversion is considered due to the ketone group binding to a nucleophilic amino acid residue and forming a bridge to the C-4 of the nicotinamide moiety of NAD.
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    Developmental regulation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase synthesis inDrosophila (1983)
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    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; enzyme synthesis ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Methods have been developed to measure the synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) during the development ofDrosophila melanogaster. In emerged adult flies, GPDH is a principal component of protein synthesis, comprising between 1 and 2% of the protein synthetic effort. This high relative rate of protein synthesis continues throughout adult life during a period of stable enzyme concentration. Therefore, it is evident that GPDH undergoes continual turnover. Analysis of GPDH synthesis in the adult segments reveals that this enzyme is synthesized in head, thorax, and abdomen. In 5-day-old flies, the relative rates of GPDH synthesis in the thorax and abdomen are similar. However, the concentration of GPDH in the thorax greatly exceeds that found in the abdomen. Therefore, it appears that the turnover rate of GPDH in the abdomen must be greater than the turnover rate of GPDH in the GPDH-containing cells (flight muscle) of the thorax. GPDH represents between 0.5 and 0.9% of the protein synthetic effort of larvae. The principle GPDH-containing tissue of larvae is fat body. The turnover of GPDH in larvae is similar to that in adult abdomen. This may be related to the concurrent presence of GPDH isozyme-3 in both tissues. Our studies indicate that the cell type-specific control of GPDH occurs at several levels.
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    Cytogenetic localization by variation in electrophoretic allozyme phenotype: Drosophila Odh (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 375-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; segmental aneuploidy ; octanol dehydrogenase ; allozymes ; cytogenetic localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A gene-dosage effect is characteristic of eukaryotic structural genes and is therefore useful in gene mapping. However, attributing quantitative variations in enzyme activity to a gene-dosage effect or other putative regulatory loci can be suspect when the locus in question may be inducible by variations in culture conditions. The problem of controlling for allele-specific variations in activity and regulation can be circumvented in Drosophila melanogaster by the use of synthetic duplications and deficiencies in conjunction with enzyme polymorphism. A method for constructing segmental aneupliods heterozygous for electrophoretic variants of octanol dehydrogenase (Odh) is presented which permitted variations in allozyme phenotype and enzyme activity—which show a strict dosage dependency—to be produced simultaneously. The structural gene region for Odh was identified using T(Y;A) stocks and the deficiency M(3)S31 was used to assign the locus to polytene band region 86D1–4. With this method a segmental aneuploid survey of Drosophila for purposes of gene localization can be accomplished in one generation with appropriate stocks.
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    Characterization of a low-activity allele of NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 725-733 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH) ; cis-acting regulation ; population null alleles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have characterized biochemical effects of Idh GB1 in Drosophila melanogaster. This is a “null”-activity allele for NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH) isolated from a natural population. The homozygous mutant strain has 5% of the NADP-IDH specific activity found in controls and less than 24% of the immunologically cross-reacting material (CRM). This mutation maps to 27.2 on the third chromosome, to the right of h. The biochemical phenotype of this mutant strain includes a coordinate reduction in malic enzyme (ME) specific activity and CRM and an increase in specific activity for the pentose-phosphate shunt enzymes, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The K m values for purified NADP-IDH are not different from those found for the purified control enzyme for NADP+ or isocitrate. It is suggested that this allele may represent a cis-acting control mutation for one of at least two loci involved in the production of NADP-IDH in D. melanogaster.
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    A comparative study of twoDrosophila learning tasks (1983)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 13 (1983), S. 179-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; strain differences ; olfactory conditioning ; visual conditioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Ten wild-type strains ofDrosophila melanogaster were used to compare performance in two different discriminative avoidance tasks, one involving odor as a discriminative stimulus and shock as the aversive stimulus and the other involving colored lights as the discriminative stimulus and vigorous shaking as the aversive stimulus. Significant strain differences were established for performance on both tasks. No significant correlation, however, was observed between performances on the two tasks; this suggests independent genetic control.
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    Drosophila larval foraging behavior. II. Selection in the sibling species,D. melanogaster andD. simulans (1983)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 13 (1983), S. 169-177 
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    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: foraging behavior ; larval ; selection ; Drosophila melanogaster ; D. simulans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory study is presented which shows that larval foraging behavior in the sibling speciesDrosophila melanogaster andD. simulans can respond rapidly (in six generations) to unidirectional selection. An apparatus was designed which selected for larvae which moved from nonnutritive agar medium to plugs of nutritive medium and remained feeding there. Larvae of the selected lines showed a correlated decrease in foraging path length which mirrored thesitter larval forager behavior type previously defined by Sokolowski [(1980).Behav. Genet. 10:291–302]. This supported the hypothesis that sitter larvae moved toward, and remained feeding on, a food source when they were not already utilizing one, whereasrover larvae foraged from food patch to food patch.
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    Elucidating the behavioral phenotype ofDrosophila melanogaster larvae: Correlations between larval foraging strategies and pupation height (1983)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 13 (1983), S. 267-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: foraging behavior ; pupation heights ; larval ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae which demonstrated long trails covering a large area while feeding (rover foragers) pupated significantly higher than those covering a relatively small area and exhibiting short paths (sitter foragers). Pupation height and density of larvae per vial were positively correlated. Under the condition of equal larval density per vial,rovers were found to pupate significantly higher thansitter larval foragers. The effect of three light regimes (constant light, constant darkness, and 12 h light followed by 12 h dark) indicated a more complex relationship between pupation height and larval foraging behavior.
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    Esterase-6 allozymes: Biochemical studies of two common and one rare variant in Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; common and rare allozymes ; esterase-6 ; biochemical properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The biochemical properties of three allozymes coded by the Est-6 locus, two common forms (EST-6S and EST-6F) and one rare form (EST-6VF), were studied. The results show the existence of differences in isoelectric point, activity, activation energy, Km, and temperature coefficient among the three variants, especially between the two common forms and the one rare form. The specific activity of the rare enzymatic variant seems to be less affected by temperature variation. The possible significance of these findings in relation to the mechanism of reproduction is briefly discussed.
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    Comparative properties of three forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 1153-1166 
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    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three alleles of the Zw locus of Drosophila melanogaster—Zw A, ZwB,and Zw lol—apparently code for dimeric, tetrameric, and monomeric forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), respectively. The three forms of G6PD are characterized by different apparent K mvalues for glucose-6-phosphate but similar apparent K mvalues for NAPD+. When high concentrations of NAPD+ were added to enzyme preparations, the Zw Aand Zw lolforms of G6PD assumed tetrameric and dimeric properties, respectively. Although Zw loladults exhibit little G6PD activity, they maintain levels of G6PD-antigen comparable to those in Zw Aand Zw Badults. Thus the low level of G6PD activity in Zw lolindividuals cannot be explained as the consequence of lack of synthesis of the G6PD subunit.
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    Courtship of young males is ubiquitous inDrosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 13 (1983), S. 517-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; courtship ; homosexual behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract In eightDrosophila melanogaster stocks, males which are only a few hours old stimulate courtship which is qualitatively and, in many of the stocks, quantitatively indistinguishable from the courtship elicited by virgin females. Although the sex appeal of young males and the extent to which it declines as the males become sexually mature vary somewhat from stock to stock, homosexual courtship appears to be characteristic of the species.
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    Accumulation of lethals in highly selected lines of Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 221-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Artificial selection ; Selection plateau ; Accumulation of lethals ; Sternopleural bristle number ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Four synthetic lines of D. melanogaster selected for low sternopleural bristle number for 50 generations were screened for lethals on chromosome III when their mean score equalled 2.5. Each line originated from a cross between line M (previously selected for the same trait during 130 generations) and a different unselected cage population. Line M was already known to carry a recessive lethal on chromosome III affecting the selected trait, such that the bristle score of the lethal heterozygote was lower than that of the viable homozygote. Tests revealed 18 lethals, 15 of these present in at least two lines. Each line carried from 10 to 16 lethals. All lines carried groups of lethals present on the same chromosome, and at least six lethals in each line were included in such an association with a frequency of 0.18 or higher. It appears that the lethal affecting bristle score in line M has protected a segment of chromosome III from natural selection and that the remaining 14 lethals have accumulated later in that line.
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    Algal dynamics and nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in a cypress stand in the seasonally flooded Great Dismal Swamp (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 106 (1983), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: cypress swamp ; nitrogen ; nutrient cycling ; periphytic algae ; phosphorus ; phytoplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Both periphytic and planktonic algae are found in areas of the seasonally flooded Great Dismal Swamp (Virginia, U.S.A.). The dynamics of these algae were studied in a cypress stand and the periphytic algae appeared to be important as nutrient conservers. Clear temporal patterns in phytoplankton dominance were also observed.
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    Origin and production of phosphatases in the acid Lake Gårdsjön (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 101 (1983), S. 49-58 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: forest water ecosystems ; phosphatases ; phosphorus ; phosphatase budget ; acid lakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The activity of acid phosphatases was followed for one year in Lake Gårdsjön as well as in the inlet and the outlet of the lake. A budget of the phosphatases was calculated, including an estimation of the production of phosphatases. The phosphatase activity was also measured in two basins upstream of L. Gårdsjön: the north basin and the south basin of L. Stora Hästevatten. The acid phosphatase activity was very high compared with reported alkaline phosphatase activities in other lakes. About 95% of the phosphatases in L. Gårdsjön was produced in the lake, and the production was highest in early summer. Small Chrysophyceae (〈 10 µm) probably produced the majority of the acid phosphatases in the investigated lakes, and accordingly could be favoured in environments with low phosphorus supply due to their ability to produce large amounts of phosphatases.
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    Ammonia nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus excretion by the planktonic rotifers (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 104 (1983), S. 231-236 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; excretion ; temperature ; body weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two series of experiments were carried out to determine the relation of the rate of phosphorus and nitrogen excretion by the planktonic rotifers to ambient temperature and individual body weights of these animals. The following formulas describing this relation were obtained: EP=0.0154 W−1.27 e0.096T EN=0.0879 W−1.01 e0.088 T, where EP and EN denote the rate of P and N excretion, respectively, in µg · mg dry wt−1 · h−1, W is body weight in µg dry weight, and T is temperature in °C.
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    Phosphorus limitation in some tropical African lakes (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 100 (1983), S. 101-112 
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    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: nutrient limitation ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; phytoplankton biomass ; tropical lakes ; Kenya
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two of three Kenyan lakes studied between November 1979 and October 1980 have very short 33PO4 turnover times, indicating a high phosphorus (P) demand throughout the year. The P turnover time in Lakes Oloidien and Sonachi is as rapid as in the most P deficient temperate zone lakes. The third lake, Lake Naivasha, has a lower overall P demand and a wide seasonal range, with lowest demand between November 1979 and February 1980 when a P deficiency was unlikely. On an annual basis the Lake Naivasha status is, however, not statistically different from that recorded during the summer in Lake Memphremagog, a generally P-limited temperate zone lake. Lake Naivasha and Lake Oloidien fit well to the line of best fit for the Dillon-Rigler relationship relating total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a derived in temperate zone lakes. Thus, temperate zone models predicting aspects of lake behaviour on the basis of TP may also be applicable to these two tropical lakes. Saline lake Sonachi had not only a short P turnover time but also responded dramatically to the fertilization of enclosures with P. However, it does not fit the TP-chla or the total nitrogen-chla plots from the temperate zone. This suggests that, in this saline lake at least, much of the TP is unavailable to the algae, with some of it in a particulate form that is readily extracted with boiling water. The epilimnetic N:P ratios also characterize lakes Oloidien and Sonachi lakes as highly P deficient and lake Naivasha as more moderately P limited. A single set of measurements in Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria) also showed a rapid P turnover time and thus P limitation, but as in lake Sonachi much of the TP was in a non-algal particulate form. Occasional measurements in three other hypertrophic and saline lakes suggest them to be primarily light limited on the basis of their very high photosynthetic cover. These findings support the hypothesis of a primary P limitation for those lakes not light limited, and contradicts literature suggestions that nitrogen is the primary limiting element in tropical lakes.
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    Seasonal distribution of quantities of phosphorus in different component organs of mango (Mangifera indica L) CV Langra (1983)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 151-154 
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    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: phosphorus ; proportion ; mango ; whole tree ; leaves ; bark ; wood ; roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Quantities of phosphorus present in different component parts of mango trees were estimated from July 1977 to June 1978 at the Horticultural Farm of the Gujarat Agricultural University, India. Because of high variation in the dry weight of the trees it was not possible to assess annual requirement of P by the trees. Hence a measure of comparability between P present in different months was sought to be established by expressing the quantity of P in a part of the tree as percentage of that in the whole tree.
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    Fertilization with phosphorus and nitrogen in young spruce stands (Picea abies Karst.) (1983)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 155-164 
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    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; fertilization ; Norway spruce ; quartz-porphyry site ; reforestation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Growth of young Norway spruce plantations on quartz-porphyry sites can be improved by applying phosphorus fertilizer as this acid parent rock is extremely poor in phosphorus. If fertilization is performed in connection with reforestation, the increment in height and volume of the developing crop increases for a period of about ten years. Additional liming prolongs the duration of the P-fertilization effect up to 20 years. Liming stabilizes phosphorus in an available form in the humus layer and upper soil horizon. Nitrogen deficiency occurs only 10 to 15 years after planting and N applied up to then has no positive effect on spruce growth.
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    Response of mango (Mangifera indica L) to foliar application of phosphorus (1983)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 281-285 
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    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: mango ; foliar spray ; orthophosphoric acid ; phosphorus ; urea ; utilisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Orthophosphoric acid (0.5%) was sprayed along with and without 2 per cent urea on the mango (Mangifera indica L) cv. Langra trees in the months of September, November or March as well as in all the three months. There was an improvement of fruit set in the sprayed treatments which was high after March sprays. Significantly higher yields were obtained in triple spray treatments along with urea. The percentage of phosphorus in the fruits was raised by the sprays. The yield of phosphorus in the fruits was highest in March spray treatment and progressively less in November and September spray treatments. It was concluded that the urea given along with phosphorus improved the utilisation of phosphorus in the fruits by providing a better balance of nutrients.
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    Projection patterns of different types of antennal sensilla in the antennal glomeruli of Drosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 237-248 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Antennal sensilla ; Central projections ; Antennal glomeruli ; Orthograde cobalt diffusion ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cobalt fills from small, defined regions of the antenna in D. melanogaster show that the three types of sensilla on the third segment, the flagellum, and a fourth sensillum located in the arista, project into the glomeruli of the antennal lobe. We have identified 19 glomeruli in each lobe, according to their location, shape, and size. At least ten of these represent major projection areas of flagellar or aristal sensilla. The large majority of glomeruli is innervated from both antennae, but a small group of five receive exclusively ipsilateral input. A particular sensory fiber appears to terminate only in one specific glomerulus, either in the ipsilateral or in both lobes. Fills from flagellar regions bearing a single type of sensillum, yield a specific pattern of glomeruli containing stained terminals. Aristal projections remain strictly ipsilateral, whereas those from the other sensilla consist of an ipsilateral and a bilateral component. When filling from different points in an area bearing one type of sensillum, similar projections are produced, suggesting that projection patterns observed reflect predominantly the type of sensillum rather than its location on the flagellum. Accordingly, individual glomeruli might represent functional units, each receiving antennal input in a characteristic combination.
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    Behandlung steifer Anfangswertprobleme gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen mit adaptiven Runge-Kutta-Methoden (1982)
    Springer
    Computing 29 (1982), S. 153-165 
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    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65L05 ; CR: 5.17 ; Numer. Analysis ; verallgemeinerte Runge-Kutta-Methoden ; steife Probleme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Adaptive Runge-Kutta-methods are considered. Investigations of stability for these linear implicit methods are studied. For the application a LS-stable method of order four with an adaptive stepsize control is proposed. Test results for 25 stiff initial value problems for different tolerances are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden adaptive Runge-Kutta-Verfahren betrachtet und Stabilitätsuntersuchungen für diese linear impliziten Methoden durchgeführt. Für die Anwendung wird ein LS-stabiles Verfahren vierter Ordnung mit einer angepaßten Schrittweitenkontrolle vorgeschlagen. Testergebnisse von 25 stiff Anfangswertproblemen für verschiedenen Toleranzen werden diskutiert.
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    Approximation of time-dependent free boundaries (1982)
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    Numerische Mathematik 40 (1982), S. 179-199 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS) ; Primary 65N30 ; Secondary 35R35 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Two problems are considered in the paper: the first of them is connected with elliptic variational inequalities and consists in developing a moving obstacle algorithm for approximating the unknown free boundary; the other problem is linked with numerical solution of the Stefan problem, which is formulated in the similar way as in the elliptic case. Some computational aspects are also discussed in the paper.
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    Finite elements for parabolic equations backwards in time (1982)
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    Numerische Mathematik 40 (1982), S. 207-227 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65M30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Several regularization methods for parabolic equations backwards in time together with the usual additional constraints for their solution are considered. The error of the regularization is estimated from above and below. For a “boundary value problem in time”-method, finite elements as well as a time discretization are introduced and the error with respect to the regularized solution is estimated, thus giving an overall error of the discrete regularized problem. The algorithm is tested in simple numerical examples.
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    Adams methods for neutral functional differential equations (1982)
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    Numerische Mathematik 39 (1982), S. 221-230 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary In this paper Adams type methods for the special case of neutral functional differential equations are examined. It is shown thatk-step methods maintain orderk+1 for sufficiently small step size in a sufficiently smooth situation. However, when these methods are applied to an equation with a “non-smooth” solution the order of convergence is only one. Some computational considerations are given and numerical experiments are presented.
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    Improvement of numerical solution of boundary layer problems by incorporation of asymptotic approximations (1982)
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    Numerische Mathematik 39 (1982), S. 309-324 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65L10 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A method for improvement of the numerical solution of differential equations by incorporation of asymptotic approximations is investigated for a class of singular perturbation problems. Uniform error estimates are derived for this method when implemented in known difference schemes and applied to linear second order O.D.E.'s. An improvement by a factor ofε n+1 can be obtained (where ɛ is the “small” parameter andn is the order of the asymptotic approximation) for a small amount of extra work. Numerical experiments are presented.
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    Finite difference methods and their convergence for a class of singular two point boundary value problems (1982)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 39 (1982), S. 341-350 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L10 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We discuss the construction of three-point finite difference approximations and their convergence for the class of singular two-point boundary value problems: (x α y′)′=f(x,y), y(0)=A, y(1)=B, 0〈α〈1. We first establish a certain identity, based on general (non-uniform) mesh, from which various methods can be derived. To obtain a method having order two for all α∈(0,1), we investigate three possibilities. By employing an appropriate non-uniform mesh over [0,1], we obtain a methodM 1 based on just one evaluation off. For uniform mesh we obtain two methodsM 2 andM 3 each based on three evaluations off. For α=0,M 1 andM 2 both reduce to the classical second-order method based on one evaluation off. These three methods are investigated, theirO(h 2)-convergence established and illustrated by numerical examples.
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    On the numerical analysis of the Von Karman equations: Mixed finite element approximation and continuation techniques (1982)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 39 (1982), S. 371-404 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65 N 30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this paper is to study the approximation of the Von Karman equations by the mixed finite element scheme of Miyoshi and to follow the solutions arcs at a neighbourhood of the first eigenvalue of the linearized problem. This last problem is solved by a continuation method.
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    Maximale Konvergenzordnung bei der numerischen Lösung von Anfangswertproblemen mit Splines (1982)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 39 (1982), S. 449-463 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65L65 ; CR: 5.17 ; AMS (MOS): 65L65 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In [10] a general procedureV is presented to obtain spline approximations by collocation for the solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary differential equations. In this paper the attainable order of convergence with respect to the maximum norm is characterized in dependence of the parameters involved inV; in particular the appropriate choice of the collocation points is considered.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In [10] ist ein allgemeines VerfahrenV beschrieben, das die Lösungen von Anfangswertproblemen bei gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung durch Splines approximiert. Die Konstruktion der Splines erfolgt hierbei mittels Kollokation. In dieser Arbeit wird die maximal erreichbare Konvergenzordnung vonV bezüglich der Maximumnorm in Abhängigkeit aller Parameter vonV charakterisiert, insbesondere wird auf die geeignete Wahl der Kollokationsknoten eingegangen.
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    Über die Effektivität einiger nichtlinearer Verfahren bei der numerischen Behandlung steifer Differentialgleichungssysteme (1982)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 40 (1982), S. 169-177 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The stability and accuracy of some explicit nonlinear methods for the numerical integration of stiff systems of ordinary differential equations are investigated. It is shown, that in the general case they can produce the essential error. The special class of stiff systems is singled out, for which these methods are highly efficient. Some numerical results are also presented.
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    Discretization of multiparameter eigenvalue problems (1982)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 40 (1982), S. 319-328 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65J05, 65L15 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Although multiparameter eigenvalue problems, as for example Mathieu's differential equation, have been known for a long time, so far no work has been done on the numerical treatment of these problems. So in this paper we extend the spectral theory for one parameter (cf. [7, II, VII]) to multiparameter eigenvalue problmes, formulate in the framework of discrete approximation a convergent numerical treatment, establish algebraic bifurcation equations for the intersection points of the eigenvalue curves and illustrate this with some numerical examples.
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    The finite element method for parabolic equations (1982)
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    Numerische Mathematik 40 (1982), S. 373-406 
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    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30, 65M20 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We extend in this paper the analysis of a posteriori estimates of the space discretization error presented in a previous paper [3] for time-independent space meshes. In the context of the model problem studied there, results are given relating the effectiveness of the error estimator to properties of the solution, space meshes, and manner in which the meshes change. A procedure based upon this theory is presented for the adaptive construction of time-dependent meshes. The results of some computational experiments show that this procedure is practically very effective and suggest that it can be used to control the space discretization error in more general problems.
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    Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on unshaded Amazon cocoa in Nigeria (1982)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 3 (1982), S. 13-16 
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    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: cocoa ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil analysis ; Nigeria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract No extensive investigation on the effect of fertilizers on Amazon cocoa variety (Theobroma cacao L.) has been performed in Nigeria. Therefore eight fertilizer treatments involving nitrogen and phosphorus, replicated six times at four locations across southern Nigeria, were established in 1973. The four N levels (N0, N1, N2, N3) involved were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1 y−1, and the two P levels (P0, P1) were 0 and 67 kg ha−1 y−1. Results of the first 5 years of fertilizer application are reported. Response to P was observed at all locations, and the response was statistically significant at 2 of the locations. There was no response to the application of nitrogen. The data suggest, however, that there is only a response to phosphorus when nitrogen is applied.
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    An approximation technique for the numerical solution of a Stefan problem (1982)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 38 (1982), S. 141-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 35 A 40 ; 35 K 05 ; 65 N 15 ; 65 K 05 ; 80 A 20 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A nonlinear approximation technique for the numerical solution of certain free boundary problems is proposed. The method is shown for a degenerate one-dimensional Stefan problem. For this problem, an error estimate, which is independent of the used algorithm, is derived. Numerical examples are discussed.
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    A correlation between juvenile hormone deficiency and vitellogenic oocyte degeneration inDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Juvenile hormone ; Precocene ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Oocyte degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It is known from previous work that juvenile hormone (JH) is required to initiate vitellogenin uptake into maturing oocytes ofDrosophila melanogaster, but additional requirements for this hormone during oocyte maturation have not been fully understood. To determine if early vitellogenic oocytes (stages 8 and 9) require JH for continued development, these oocytes were transplanted toDrosophila female and male hosts which were rendered deficient in JH by three methods. Implanted stage 9 and usually stage 8 oocytes were found to degenerate in JH-deficient hosts unless ZR-515, a JH analogue, was applied to the host shortly after implantation. These results were confirmed during in situ ovary development. JH deficiency was produced in gravid females, and ovaries examined at subsequent time intervals were found to be deficient in stage 8–10 oocytes as early as 6 h after treatment. Degenerating oocytes corresponding to these stages were commonly found. ZR-515 prevented oocyte degeneration during at least the first 8 h and continued to support stage 8–10 oocyte development 24 h after application to these females. The results suggest that JH is required not only for initiation but also for continuation of vitellogenin uptake and oocyte development.
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  • 96
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    On improving the absolute stability of local extrapolation (1982)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 40 (1982), S. 329-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): 65L05 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A widely used technique for improving the accuracy of solutions of initial value problems in ordinary differential equations is local extrapolation. It is well known, however, that when using methods appropriate for solving stiff systems of ODES, the stability of the method can be seriously degraded if local extrapolation is employed. This is due to the fact that performing local extrapolation on a low order method is equivalent to using a higher order formula and this high order formula may not be suitable for solving stiff systems. In the present paper a general approach is proposed whereby the correction term added on in the process of local extrapolation is in a sense a rational, rather than a polynomial, function. This approach allows high order formulae with bounded growth functions to be developed. As an example we derive anA-stable rational correction algorithm based on the trapezoidal rule. This new algorithm is found to be efficient when low accuracy is requested (say a relative accuracy of about 1%) and its performance is compared with that of the more familiar Richardson extrapolation method on a large set of stiff test problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01396450
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    The finite element method for parabolic equations (1982)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 40 (1982), S. 339-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; 65M20 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary In this first of two papers, computable a posteriori estimates of the space discretization error in the finite element method of lines solution of parabolic equations are analyzed for time-independent space meshes. The effectiveness of the error estimator is related to conditions on the solution regularity, mesh family type, and asymptotic range for the mesh size. For clarity the results are limited to a model problem in which piecewise linear elements in one space dimension are used. The results extend straight-forwardly to systems of equations and higher order elements in one space dimension, while the higher dimensional case requires additional considerations. The theory presented here provides the basis for the analysis and adaptive construction of time-dependent space meshes, which is the subject of the second paper. Computational results show that the approach is practically very effective and suggest that it can be used for solving more general problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01396451
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Preblastoderm mosaics of mutants of the bithorax-complex (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Genetic mosaics ; Cell autonomy ; Cell affinities ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary InDrosophila melanogaster, segmental specification takes place in groups of cells around the blastoderm stage. This segmental specification requires the function of the genes of the bithorax-complex. We have studied preblastoderm mosaics (gynandromorphs) of mutant (bx 3,pbx, Ubx, Ubx 80) and wildtype (heterozygotes for these alleles) cells. The results show a total cell autonomy in the differentiation of both wildtype and homoeotially transformed cells. However, several unexpected phenotypes were found. They are discussed in terms of the function of the bithorax genes and early interactions between mutant and wildtype territories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848493
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    The DNA content of polytene nuclei in midgut and Malpighian tubule cells of adultDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Polyteny ; DNA content ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The amounts of DNA in midgut and Malpighian tubule cells of adult maleDrosophila melanogaster have been determined by Feulgen-DNA cytophotometry. The DNA values fall into discrete classes reflecting different levels of polyteny. The maximum level is 64C in the midgut, 256C in Malpighian tubules, and the modal values are 32C and 128C respectively. The data provide no evidence for extensive underreplication of heterochromatin. It is suggested that the reduced amount of satellite DNA found in the tissues of young adult flies may be a consequence of the fact that cycles of DNA replication started in the pre-adult stages are not completed until some hours after eclosion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879628
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The indicatrix method in free boundary problems (1982)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 38 (1982), S. 39-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): Primary 65L10 ; Secondary 35R35 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary An approximate method for nonlinear problems with functional constraints is considered, in which the constraint in the whole domain is replaced by the constraint on a manifold of lower dimension. The stability criterion is introduced, and convergence theorems are proved for the onedimensional problem. Numerical results for the elastic-plastic torsion problem are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01395807
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