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  • Immunocytochemistry  (218)
  • Springer  (218)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1980-1984  (149)
  • 1975-1979  (69)
  • 1935-1939
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (218)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • National Academy of Sciences
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical location of vitellin in the egg of the silkworm,Bombyx mori, during early developmental stages (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Vitellin ; Yolk granule ; Yolk protein ; Silkworm ; Embryogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Vitellin was purified from eggs of the silkworm,Bombyx mori, by a new method in which vitellin was extracted from isolated yolk granules. The purified vitellin had a molecular weight of 540,000. An antibody against purified vitellin was prepared in rabbits. It reacted with the hemolymph vitellogenin as well as with purified vitellin, but not with other proteins in the hemolymph or in the extract from yolk granules. The anti-vitellin IgG was used to immunocytochemically locate vitellin in theBombyx non-diapause egg during early developmental stages. In the egg, just after oviposition, vitellin was located in internal yolk granules and in small yolk granules of the periplasm. During the early developmental stages studied, vitellin was not metabolized uniformly throughout the egg. The vitellin of the internal yolk granules located at the posterior-dorsal part and of the small peripheral yolk granules was utilized in 16 h and 2 days, respectively, after oviposition. A thin, very vitellin-poor layer was located between the periplasm and the vitellin-rich interior in the newly laid egg. it was always in close contact with the periphery where blastoderm and germ-band cells developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848679
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and electrophoretic studies on the localization of the major haemolymph proteins (ceratitins) inCeratitis capitata during development (1984)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 194 (1984), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Major haemolymph proteins ; Development ; Cuticle ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ceratitis capitata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The developmental profile of the major haemolymph proteins (ceratitins) inCeratitis capitata was studied. Ceratitin concentration in the haemolymph decreases dramatically during the last days of pupal life, while the amounts of ceratitins in whole organism extracts remain unchanged. By electrophoretic, immunological and immunofluorescence techniques it was revealed that ceratitins are reabsorbed by the fat body and a fraction of them is deposited in the cuticle. The possible role of ceratitins is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848952
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of enamel matrix proteins on root-analogue surfaces of rabbit permanent incisor teeth (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Enamel-cementum-morphology ; Immunocytochemistry ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The continuously erupting rabbit incisor tooth is normally thought of as having an enamel covered “crown” on its labial surface and a cementum covered “root” on its lingual surface. We have examined both surfaces of continuously erupting rabbit incisor teeth taken from near term embryos by a variety of means, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, biochemical fractionation, and immunohistochemistry. In all cases, we could detect no qualitative difference in the early extracellular matrices taken from the labial and lingual surfaces of the teeth. Both matrices were shown to be composed of dentin and enamel, although the thickness and geometry of the enamel matrix on the lingual surface was somewhat different from that on the labial surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223320
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of phytohemagglutinin in the embryonic axis of Phaseolus vulgaris with ultra-thin cryosections embedded in plastic after indirect immunolabeling (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 162 (1984), S. 548-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin (localization) ; Phaseolus (lectin) ; Phytohemagglutinin ; Seed (lectin)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have examined the properties and subcellular localization of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the major lectin of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris.), in the axis cells of nearly mature and imbibed mature seeds. On a protein basis the axis contained about 15% as much PHA as the cotyledons. Localization of PHA was done with an indirect immunolabeling method (rabbit antibodies against PHA, followed by colloidal gold particles coated with goat antibodies against rabbit immunoglobulins) on ultra-thin cryosections which were embedded in plastic on the grids after the immunolabeling procedure. The embedding greatly improved the visualization of the subcellular structures. The small (4 nm) collodial gold particles, localized with the electron microscope, were found exclusively over small vacuoles or protein bodies in all the cell types examined (cortical parenchyma cells, vascular-bundle cells, epidermal cells). The matrix of these vacuoles-protein bodies appears considerably less dense than that of the protein bodies in the cotyledons, but the results confirm that in all parts of the embryo PHA is localized in similar structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399921
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome photoreversibility: Empirical test of the hypothesis that it varies as a consequence of pigment compartmentation (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Immunocytochemistry ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytochrome of oat (Avena sativa L., cv. Garry) coleoptile cells in the red-light-absorbing form, Pr, is diffusely distributed while after conversion to the far-red-light-absorbing form, Pfr, it is observed only in very small areas within the cell. Comparison of phytochrome photoversibility measurements to the distribution of the pigment within the cell indicates that the spectral assay is not influenced by the observed compartmentalization of the chromoprotein. However, the observed compartmentalization of phytochrome is correlated with a loss in spectrophotometrically detectable Pr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387878
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of reserve protein in the endoplasmic reticulum of developing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cotyledons ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Ferritin labeling ; Immunocytochemistry ; Phaseolus ; Protein (reserve) ; Reserve protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of the storage parenchyma cells of the cotyledons of developing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds was examined in ultrathin frozen sections of specimens fixed in a mixture of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and acrolein, infused with 1 M sucrose, and sectioned at-80° C. Ultrastructural preservation was excellent and the various subcellular organelles could readily be identified in sections which had been stained with uranyl acetate and embedded in Carbowax and methylcellulose. The cells contained large protein bodies, numerous long endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, mitochondria, dictyosomes, and electron-dense vesicles ranging in size from 0.2 to 1.0 μm. Indirect immunolabelling using rabbit immunoglobulin G against purified phaseolin (7S reserve protein), and ferritin-conjugated goat immunoglobulin G against rabbit immunoglobulin G was used to localize phaseolin. With a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of anti-phaseolin immunoglobin G, heavy labeling with ferritin particles was observed ober the protein bodies, the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the vesicles. The same structures were lightly labeled when the concentration of the primary antigen was 0.02 mg/ml. Ferritin particles were also found over the Golgi bodies. The absence of ferritin particles from other organelles such as mitochondria and from areas of cytoplasm devoid of organelles indicated the specificity of the staining, especially at the lower concentration of anti-phaseolin immunoglobulin G.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390179
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the cellular localization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Sorghum leaves (1981)
    Springer
    Planta 151 (1981), S. 226-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; (PEP carboxylase) ; PEP carboxylase ; Sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The localization of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.3.1.) in the leaf cells of Sorghum vulgare was investigated by using three techniques: the conventional aqueous and non aqueous methods gave conflicting results; the immunocytochemical techniques clearly showed that the enzyme is predominantly located in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395173
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of vasotocin and mesotocin in the hypothalamus of lacertilian reptiles (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Lacertilian reptiles ; Vasotocin neurons ; Mesotocin neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of lizards was studied with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level. It was shown that vasotocin and mesotocin are synthesized in separate neurons. The vasotocinergic as well as the mesotocinergic perikarya are of different sizes. Both cell types occur in close juxtaposition, but without a distinct pattern of distribution. The external zone of the lacertilian median eminence contains numerous immunoreactive vasotocinergic fibers and only few immunoreactive mesotocinergic fibers. The general organization of the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of lizards, as revealed by immunocytochemistry, is essentially similar to that revealed with unspecific staining methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236415
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopical-immunocytochemical evidence of ecdysteroids in the prothoracic gland of Galleria mellonella (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Ecdysteroids ; Prothoracic gland ; Insect hormones ; Galleria mellonella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fixation of prothoracic glands of Galleria mellonella with a solution containing saponin permits immunocytochemical staining of the entire gland. By this means ecdysteroids were demonstrated electron microscopically to be present in the hyaloplasm and microtubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236420
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical identification of enkephalinergic neurons in the hypothalamic magnocellular preoptic nucleus of the goldfish, Carassius auratus (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enkephalin neurons ; Vasotocin neurons ; Isotocin neurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Goldfish (Carassius)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Our immunocytochemical investigation of the magnocellular neuroendocrine system in the goldfish hypothalamus reveals enkephalin (ENK)-containing neurons interspersed among the vasotocin (VT)- and isotocin (IT)-containing neurons of the preoptic nucleus. The perikarya of the ENK, VT, and IT neurons do not show distinct morphological differences at the level of light microscopy and are not located preferentially within the nucleus. Separate ENK, VT and IT fibers course laterally and ventrally through the hypothalamus as they descend toward the pituitary gland. All three fiber types form terminals around blood vessels in the neurohypophysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236894
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP) occurs in the central and peripheral nervous system: Preliminary immunocytochemical observations (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) ; Neurones ; Central nervous system ; Peripheral nervous system, gut ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mammals ; Birds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a candidate hormone of unknown physiological significance. It is produced by a population of endocrine cells in the pancreas. In the present study a PP-like peptide was found to occur in the mammalian and avian central and peripheral nervous systems. Immunoreactive nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies were widely distributed in the brain. Dense accumulations of nerve fibres occurred in the following areas: nucleus accumbens, interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis, para- and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and medial preoptic area. In addition, nerve fibres were regularly seen in cortical areas. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the following regions: cortex, nucleus accumbens, neostriatum and septum. In the gut, immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed in the myenteric plexus, in smooth muscle, around blood vessels, and in the core of the villi. Immunoreactive perikarya occurred in the submucosal and myenteric plexus, suggesting that PP immunoreactive nerves are intrinsic to the gut. In the species examined, the neuronal PP-like peptide could be demonstrated with an antiserum raised against avian PP, but not with those raised against bovine or human PP. Thus, neuronal PP is distinct from the PP that occurs in pancreatic endocrine cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236410
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic studies of 3H-dexamethasone uptake by immunocytochemically characterized cells of the rat pituitary (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Dexamethasone ; ACTH ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 3H-Dexamethasone (10 μg/kg) was injected intravenously in adrenalectomized rats and after survival times of 5, 30, 60, and 180 min its uptake within the pituitary was studied by autoradiography. Radioactivity was concentrated in cell nuclei in the pars nervosa and pars distalis. Within the pars intermedia, only cells of the marginal zone were labeled. In the pars distalis, some cells showed a weak nuclear accumulation of radioactivity as early as 5 min after injection. The tissue radioactivity was nearly maximal at 5 min, and the proportion of radioactivity in nuclei reached a maximum of 60–70% by 30 min. In competition experiments, non-radioactive steroids (1 mg/kg) were injected 5 min before 3H-dexamethasone and sacrifice was 30 min later. Dexamethasone markedly diminished the nuclear accumulation in the pars distalis, but corticosterone and progesterone did not. In the pars nervosa, corticosterone and progesterone competed for nuclear uptake of 3H-dexamethasone, although less effectively than dexamethasone itself. Different cell types in the pars distalis were characterized by treating autoradiograms with an immuno-peroxidase bridge procedure. Cells treated with anti-ACTH 17–39 had the greatest nuclear concentration of radioactivity, and those stained with anti-TSH were least heavily labeled. Cells treated with antisera to GH, PRL, and hCG were moderately labeled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219770
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration of separate neurophysin-vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic nerve fibres in the neural lobe of the rat hypophysis (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat posterior pituitary ; Neurophysin-vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic fibres ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the electron microscopic level, it was demonstrated that the hormones of the neural lobe of the rat hypophysis are located in separate neurophysin-vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic nerve fibres. These observations confirm the results of our previous immunocytochemical studies at the light microscopic level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219698
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH) pathway of the rat hypothalamus revealed by the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone ; Somatostatin ; Hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Utilizing the unlabeled antibody enzyme method, we investigated the distribution of hypothalamic elements immunoreactive with antibodies to growth hormonerelease inhibiting hormone (GH-RIH). Immunostained elements, resembling neural processes, are distributed along a pathway corresponding to a portion of the tuberoinfundibular tract. However, GH-RIH fibers are caudal, dorsal and medial to LH-RH fibers detected by the same technique. Similar topographic arrangements are noted in coronal and sagittal sections. Comparable results were obtained with two different preparations of antisera to GH-RIH. No cell bodies specifically stained by anti-GH-RIH were detected. Our data agree with those of other investigators using immunohistochemical techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225761
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative autoradiographic assessment of 3H-estradiol uptake in immunocytochemically characterized pituitary cells (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Cell types ; Estrogen ; Autoradiography ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dry-mount autoradiography was combined with peroxidase immunocytochemistry to examine estrogen uptake in four pituitary cell types. Quantification by silver grain counts was used to compare 3H-estradiol uptake in nuclei of pituitary cells 60 min after i.v. injection into short-term (control) and long-term ovariectomized and in long-term thyroidectomized rats. Under all three hormonal states, the order of labeling intensity was: gonadotropes 〉 somatotropes 〉 lactotropes 〉 thyrotropes. Long-term ovariectomy caused a significant increase in estrogen uptake of gonadotropes, somatotropes and lactotropes, while uptake in thyrotropes decreased. Long-term thyroidectomy decreased uptake in somatotropes, lactotropes and thyrotropes while gonadotropes remained unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215122
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the submandibular gland of adult mice by light and electron microscopy (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve growth factor ; Submandibular gland mice ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve growth factor (NGF) was localized in the submandibular gland of adult male mice by a direct immunocytochemical method using highly purified antibodies against NGF coupled to horseradish peroxidase. In light microscopic sections the reaction product was entirely confined to the cells of the secretory tubules. The acinar part of the gland was free of reaction product. This finding was confirmed by electron microscopy. Within the cells NGF was localized exclusively in the apical secretory granules. No reaction was observed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi region or in the granules of the basal part of the cells. This observation favours the assumption that NGF is derived from a precursor molecule and that the precursor is transformed into immunologically active NGF within the secretory granules during their transport from the basal to the apical part of the tubular cells. Stimulation of the submandibular gland with carbachol (2 mg/kg) led to a massive release of the content of the secretory granules, including NGF, into the salivary duct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219602
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in the median eminence of the guinea pig (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary LH-RH was localized at the ultrastructural level in axons and nerve terminals of the median eminence of the male guinea pig. LH-RH positive neuronal profiles were most concentrated in the medial-dorsal aspect of the infundibular stalk and in the post-infundibular median eminence at the level immediately following separation of the stalk from the base of the brain. LH-RH containing axon profiles were most abundant in the palisade zone; nerve terminals in contact with the hypophysial portal vasculature were relatively rare. The hormone was present within granules that measured 900–1,200 Å in axons of the palisade zone and 400–800 Å in nerve terminals abutting on the portal plexus. The differently sized granules represent heterogeneous populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214205
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    Cell differentiation of the fetal rat anterior pituitary in vitro (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 263-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fetal pituitary ; Cell differentiation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adenohypophysial primordia of rat embryos at 13 to 15 days gestation were cultured in Parker 199 synthetic medium for 2 to 11 days. At the end of the culture period their fine structure and the presence of immunoreactive trophic hormones using the peroxidase-labeled antibody technique were investigated. The degree of differentiation in the glands depends largely on the age of the embryos furnishing the explants. Cultured pituitaries explanted on the 13th day of gestation contain only ACTH-positive cells and about 15% of the cells are granular. The granules are 50–100 nm in diameter in some cells, while in other cells they range from 50 to 200 nm. In cultivated adenohypophysial primordia of embryos on the 15th day of intrauterine life ACTH, prolactin, LH and TSH cells are evident, but only the same two kinds of granular cells can be observed with the electron microscope. The extent of cytodifferentiation in the glands explanted on the 14th day of gestation is intermediate between the two other groups. The data suggest that the fetal rat pituitary has the capacity of self-differentiation but to a lesser extent than that of the in situ hypophysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224303
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  • 19
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of neurophysin and vasopressin in the median eminence and posterior pituitary of the guinea pig (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Vasopressin ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the use of tissue prepared by freeze-substitution and the unlabelled antibody enzyme technique, neurophysin and vasopressin were localized at the ultrastructural level in the posterior pituitary and median eminence of the guinea pig. In the posterior pituitary neurophysin was found in the large neurosecretory granules (1300–1500 Å) of axons, Herring bodies, and nerve terminals. In some of these axons immunoreactive neurophysin was found outside of granules in the axoplasm. By light microscopy neurophysin was found in both the zona interna and zona externa of the median eminence; this was confirmed by electron microscopy. In the zona interna as in the posterior pituitary, neurophysin was localized both inside and outside the large neurosecretory granules. In the zona externa, immunoreactive deposit was primarily located in granules with a diameter of 900–1100 Å in nerve terminals abutting on the primary portal plexus. The distribution of vasopressin paralleled that of neurophysin except that the hormone was rarely extragranular. These results demonstrate for the first time that both neurophysin and vasopressin are present in granules of axons that are in contact with the hypophysial portal vasculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221777
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of the pig hypothalamic neurosecretory system with particular reference to the distribution of neurophysin (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 543-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei ; Fetal and neonatal pigs ; Anti-porcine neurophysin serum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Slab gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoperoxidase cytochemical reaction was applied to the localization of neurophysin-containing elements in the fetal and adult pig hypothalamus. In the 60 day fetal pig, cells of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) were the only structures in the hypothalamus in which neurophysin was detected. However, by 87 days the cell bodies in both the SON and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contained neurophysin-like material. The distribution of immunoreactive material in the 111 day fetal animal was similar to that found in the adult pig. In transverse section of the mature pig the SON exists in two discrete components; an antero-lateral group of cells connected by scattered cells to a smaller postero-medial group. Anteriorly, the PVN appears as a line of cells bordering the third ventricle but as we proceed posteriorly the dorsal aspect expands laterally to give a wedge-shaped group of cells. In mid-sagittal sections, the cells of the PVN are distributed over a wide area of the anterior hypothalamus in a triangular profile. The borders between the SON and PVN became more difficult to define in medial sections than in lateral sections. Continuous gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out on the neural lobe extracts from fetal, newborn and adult pigs. Proteins with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of porcine neurophysins-I,-II and -III were present in the newborn and 98 day fetal pig. It is concluded that material immunoreactive with anti-neurophysin serum is present in the hypothalamus of the 60 day fetal pig. Furthermore, at late fetal development and during the postnatal period it is tentatively suggested that the neurophysin present in the pituitaries of these animals is chemically identical with that of adult neurophysin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219944
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical demonstration of separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic neurons in the amphibian hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1976), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amphibian hypothalamus ; Vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic neurons ; Neurophysins ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level, it was demonstrated that, in the amphibian magnocellular hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system, vasotocin and mesotocin are synthesized in separate neurons. A tendency to preferential location of the two kinds of neuronal perikarya is described. The neurosecretory perikarya are the origin of separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic axons. In the neural lobe, the pattern of distribution of the two types of axons is different. The coarse ventricular “dendrites” of both kinds of neurons are hormone-containing processes. Staining with anti-bovine neurophysin I serum suggested that the vasotocinergic and the mesotocinergic neurons synthesize different neurophysins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218707
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    Isolation, characterization and localization of bovine adrenal medullary myosin (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 17-38 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myosin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Adrenal medulla ; Exocytosis ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myosin was isolated in high purity from the bovine adrenal medulla by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The purified myosin was analyzed by electrophoresis in gels containing SDS and found to contain a 200,000 molecular weight heavy chain and major light chains of molecular weights 20,000 and 17,000 in a 1∶1∶1 molar ratio. At high ionic strength the myosin had high Ca-ATPase and K-EDTA-ATPase activities and low Mg-ATPase activity. At low ionic strength, the Mg-ATPase was activated to a low level by rabbit muscle actin. The myosin was found to decorate F-actin in the absence, but not the presence of ATP. In low ionic strength solutions, the myosin assembled into characteristic bipolar filaments. The distribution of this myosin in the adrenal medulla and of cross-reacting myosin in several other bovine tissues was determined with the use of antimedullary myosin immunoglobulin G as a specific stain that was detected by direct and indirect immunofluorescence. In the medulla strong staining was seen between the chords of chromaffin cells indicating the presence of a highly muscular vasculature that may perform functions analogous to those of the myoepithelium of exocrine glands. The chromaffin cells showed weak positive staining around the nuclei and in a pattern radiating toward adjacent blood vessels. Cells of the inner zone of the adrenal cortex showed strong staining in the peripheral cytoplasm while cells in the intermediate and outer zones did not stain. In a blood smear, platelets and the cytoplasm of leukocytes stained strongly while erythrocytes did not stain. In striated muscle and the gray and white matter of the cerebrum only the capillaries and larger vessels stained. In the liver the phagocytic cells bordering vascular sinuses stained strongly while the hepatocytes were separated from one another by a 2 micron trilaminar band possibly representing the microfilament web surrounding the bile canaliculi and associated with junctional complexes. The results suggest that myosin is present in several highly differentiated, non-motile tissue cells where it may play a role in secretion or other specialized functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232821
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    The activated hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system and the one neuron -one neurohypophysial hormone concept (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 200 (1979), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Magnocellular neurosecretory system ; Activation ; Rat ; Vasopressinergic neurons ; Oxytocinergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activated hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rat was studied in tissue sections, double stained with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique. The results indicate that in animals with an activated hypothalamic magnocellular neuroendocrine system, as well as in normal animals, vasopressin and oxytocin are exclusively synthesized in separate vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236884
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    Immunocytochemical analysis of cells in the pars tuberalis of the rat hypophysis with antisera to hormones of the pars distalis (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 443-449 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Cytology ; Pars tuberalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Luteinizing hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective was to acquire evidence regarding the secretory capacity of cells in the pars tuberalis of the rat pituitary by the application of immunocytochemical staining. For this purpose the conjugated antibody and immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge techniques were utilized with antisera to the following hormones of the pars distalis: human somatotropin, human thyrotropin, human β-melanotropin, ovine luteinizing hormone (LH), porcine β17–39-corticotropin, and β1–24-corticotropin. Only LH-containing cells were demonstrated. They were exceedingly rare in the cephalic pars tuberalis beneath the median eminence. The frequency of LH-cells was greater in the pars tuberalis associated with the infundibulum and increased distally. LH-cells were most common ventrolateral to the infundibular stem and occurred singly and in clusters. These results indicate that following hypophysectomy the portion of the pars tuberalis that remains in situ has the capacity to secrete only LH of all the pars distalis hormones.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225104
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    Electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration of separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic nerve fibres in the neural lobe of the amphibian hypophysis (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 461-464 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amphibian posterior pituitary ; Vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic fibres ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the electron microscopic level, it was demonstrated that the hormones of the posterior pituitary of Rana temporaria are located in separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic nerve fibres. This observation confirms the results of our previous immunocytochemical studies at the light microscopic level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224308
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    Immunocytochemical study of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1976), S. 165-181 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pig ; Neurophysin-I ; Neurophysin-II ; Immunocytochemistry ; Specific neurophysin neurosecretory systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies raised against porcine neurophysin-I and porcine neurophysin-II using an injection regime in rabbits over a short time period, were used to localize neurophysin-I and neurophysin-II in hypothalamic neurosecretory elements of the domestic pig. In transverse section, neurophysin-II containing cells were more abundant in the dorsal medial region of the rostral supraoptic nucleus (SON) as compared with the distribution of neurophysin-I neurons. The main bulk of the cells of the SON were heavily stained for neurophysin-I with neurophysin-II containing cells positioned dorsal from the edge of the optic chiasma. Neurosecretory cells of the SON as seen in sagittal section also showed a differential staining for neurophysins-I and -II. Rostral regions of the pig paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contained magnocellular elements near the third ventricle which were stained predominantly for neurophysin-II. In regions corresponding to the caudal PVN there appeared two populations of neurosecretory neurons: (a) an area of cells adjacent to the third ventricle which contained neurophysin-II antigen and (b) a group of densely populated cells in the dorsal-lateral region which was stained for neurophysin-I. The results support the existence in the pig of at least two distinct populations of neurosecretory neurons corresponding to the neurophysin-I and neurophysin-II neurosecretory system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232077
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    Fine-structural heterogeneity and morphologic changes in rat pituitary prolactin cells after estrogen and testosterone treatment (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 195-202 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Prolactin cells ; Estrogen ; Heterogeneity ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was conducted to determine the functional and/or developmental relationships among three heterogeneous types of prolactin cells (I, II and III) in rats. Rats were injected subcutaneously daily with estradiol or testosterone propionate on days 10–20 after birth. Estradiol increased the proportion of cell types II and III, increased serum PRL levels 12-fold in males and 15-fold in females, and increased pituitary levels of prolactin 12-fold in males and 5-fold in females. Testosterone mainly increased the proportion of the Type-II cells, decreased serum levels of prolactin in males only, and did not change pituitary levels of prolactin. In a second experiment, treatment of rats with nafoxidine for five days after E2 treatment (days 10–20 after birth) increased the proportion of Type-I cells and decreased the proportion of Type-III cells and decreased serum and pituitary levels of prolactin by 50% in females and by 15 and 45% in males. In a third experiment utilizing adult male rats, estradiol and testosterone were found to modulate the relative ratios of the different types of PRL cells as they did in immature animals. The data taken as a whole suggest the possibility of an estrogen-stimulated conversion of one cell type to another, which may be a reflection of prolactin secretory activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217136
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    Glial cells in the pineal gland of mice and rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 245-252 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Interstitial cells ; Astrocytes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antigenic markers characteristic of astrocytes and their differentiative states (i.e., glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and M1 and C1 antigens) were investigated in the pineal gland of mouse and rat using double immunolabeling techniques. In both species the socalled interstitial cells as characterized by TEM were shown to be astrocytes, since they expressed vimentin, but neither fibronectin (a marker for fibroblasts and endothelial cells) nor the neuron-specific L1 antigen or tetanus toxin receptors. Subpopulations of vimentin-positive pineal astrocytes were also GFAP- and C1- antigen-positive. M1- antigenpositive cells were not detected. It is concluded that a considerable proportion of interstitial cells in the pineal gland of rat and mouse are immature astrocytes which, in contrast to other parts of the central nervous system, persist into adulthood.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217142
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    Comparative immunocytochemical study of the subcommissural organ (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 427-441 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Reissner's fiber ; Ependyma ; Secretory process ; Comparative analysis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Vertebrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subcommissural organs (SCO) of 76 specimens belonging to 25 vertebrate species (amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) were studied by use of the immunoperoxidase procedure. The primary antiserum was obtained by immunizing rabbits with bovine Reissner's fiber (RF) extracted in a medium containing EDTA, DTT and urea. Antiserum against an aqueous extract of RF was also produced. The presence of immunoreactive material in cell processes and endings was regarded as an indication of a possible route of passage. Special attention was paid to the relative development of the ventricular, leptomeningeal and vascular pathways established by immunoreactive structures. The SCO of submammalian species is characterized by (i) a conspicuous leptomeningeal connection established by ependymal cells, (ii) scarce or missing hypendymal cells, and (iii) a population of ependymal cells establishing close spatial contacts with blood vessels. The SCO of most mammalian species displays the following features: (i) ependymal cells lacking immunoreactive long basal processes, (ii) hypendymal secretory cells occurring either in a scattered arrangement or forming clusters, (iii) an occasional leptomeningeal connection provided by hypendymal cells, and (iv) in certain species numerous contacts of secretory cells with blood vessels. In the hedgehog immunoreactive material was missing in the ependymal formation of the SCO, but present in hypendymal cells and in the choroid plexuses. The SCO of several species of New-and Old-World monkeys displayed immunoreactive material, whereas that of anthropoid apes (chimpanzee, orangutan) and man was completely negative with the antisera used.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228427
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    Spatial and structural interrelationships between secretory cells of the subcommissural organ and blood vessels (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 443-449 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Ependyma ; Comparative aspects ; Immunocytochemistry ; Secretory process ; Blood vessels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 76 specimens (amphibians, reptilians, mammals) belonging to 25 different vertebrate species, the region of the subcommissural organ (SCO) was investigated with the use of a primary antiserum raised against an extract of bovine Reissner's fiber+the immunoperoxidase procedure according to Sternberger et al. (1970). In the SCO of a toad (Bufo arenarum) and several species of reptiles (lacertilians, ophidians, crocodilians), the ependymal cells were the only type of secretory cell displaying vascular contacts, whereas in mammals ependymal and hypendymal cells established intimate spatial contacts with blood vessels. In Bufo arenarum, but especially in the reptilian species examined, the ependymo-vascular relationship was exerted by a population of ependymal cells having a rather constant location within the SCO and projecting to capillaries that showed a remarkably constant pattern of anatomical distribution. In the SCO of mammals the modality and degree of the structural relationships between secretory cells and blood vessels varied greatly from species to species. In the SCO of the armadillo and dog the secretory tissue was organized as a thick, highly vascularized layer with most of the cells oriented toward the capillaries. A rather opposite situation was found in the SCO of New-and Old-World monkeys, where vascular contacts were restricted to a few ependymal cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228428
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    Immunocytochemical localization of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the brain of the lizard, Lacerta muralis (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone ; α-MSH-like peptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Lizard (Lacerta muralis)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was studied in the brain of the lizard Lacerta muralis by means of immunocytochemical staining methods. α-MSH-like containing cells were found in the ventro-lateral preoptic area and the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Some scattered cells staining for α-MSH were also detected in the mesencephalo-diencephalic boundary region, while numerous α-MSH-like nerve fibres were localized in the medial eminence. No reaction was observed after the use of antiserum preabsorbed with synthetic antigen. These findings suggest that an α-MSH-like peptidergic system could possibly be involved in the hypothalamo-hypophysial regulation and/or play a role as neurotransmitter in this animal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228436
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    Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the human hypothalamus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 203-205 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Hypothalamus, human ; Immunocytochemistry ; Pituitary stalk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to study the distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the human hypothalamus, an immunocytochemical localization of this peptide was performed. Using antibodies developed against synthetic porcine neuropeptide Y (NPY), we have been able to localize immunoreactivity in neuronal cell bodies located exclusively in the infundibular nucleus. Immunostained fibers were found in several regions in the hypothalamus with a high concentration in the periventricular areas. Fibers were also found in the neurovascular zone of the median eminence, the pituitary stalk and the posterior pituitary. These results suggest that immunoreactive material related to porcine NPY is present in the human hypothalamus, with a distribution similar to that observed in the rat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215163
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical evidence for peptidergic neurotransmission in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 197-201 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peptidergic neurotransmission ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three neuronal systems of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were immunocytochemically investigated at the ultrastructural level with the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Preliminary electrophysiological and cell-filling investigations have shown that a cluster of neurons which reacts positively with an antiserum against the molluscan cardio-active peptide FMRFamide, sends axons to the penis retractor muscle. In this muscle anti-FMRF-amide (aFM) positive axons form neuro-muscular synapses with (smooth) muscle fibers. The morphological observations suggest the aFM immunoreactive system to be involved in peptidergic neurotransmission. In the right parietal ganglion a large neuron (LYAC) is penetrated by aFM positive axons which form synapse-like structures (SLS) with the LYAC. The assumption that the SLS represent the morphological basis for peptidergic transmission is sustained by the observation that iontophoretical application of synthetic FMRFamide depolarizes the LYAC. The axons of a group of pedal anti-vasopressin (aVP) positive cells run in close vicinity to the cerebral ovulation (neuro-)-hormone producing cell system (CDC system) Synapses or SLS between the two systems were not observed. The fact that (bath) application of arg-vasopressin induces bursting in the CDC, may indicate that the vasopressin-like substance of the aVP cells is released non-synaptically.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215162
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    Topography of somatostatin cells in the stomach of the rat: Possible functional significance (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 202 (1979), S. 177-188 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Somatostatin cells ; Rat stomach ; Paracrine action ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Somatostatin cells in the stomach of the rat have a characteristic shape and distribution. In the antral mucosa they occur together with gastrin cells and enterochromaffin cells at the base of the glands. In the oxyntic mucosa they are scattered along the entire glands with some predominance in the zone of parietal cells. Throughout the gastric mucosa the somatostatin cells possess long and slender processes that emerge from the base of the cell and end in clublike swellings. Such processes appear to contact a certain proportion of neighbouring gastrin cells in the antral mucosa and parietal cells in the oxyntic mucosa. Exogenous somatostatin given by intravenous infusion to conscious rats counteracted the release of gastrin stimulated by feeding, elevated antral pH or vagal excitation. Gastrin causes parietal cells to secrete HCl and endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa to mobilise and synthesise histamine. Somatostatin is known to block the response of the parietal cells to gastrin. In contrast, somatostatin did not block the response of the histamine-storing endocrine cells to gastrin, perhaps because these endocrine cells lack receptors to somatostatin. Conceivably, somatostatin in the gastric mucosa has a paracrine mode of action. The observations of the present study suggest that somatostatin may affect some, but not all of the various cell types in the stomach. Under physiological conditions this selectivity may be achieved in the following ways: 1) Communication may be based on direct cell-to-cell contact. 2) Only certain cell types are supplied with somatostatin receptors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232233
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    Localization of thyrotropin (TSH) in the dog pituitary gland (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 399-412 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Dog ; Pars distalis ; Thyrotropin (TSH) ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to the specific beta (β) subunits of bovine and rat TSH1, selective immunocytochemical staining was localized in a specific cell population in the pars distalis of the dog pituitary gland. These TSH cells were found to be positive to aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and aniline blue. With the performic acidalcian blue (pH 0.2) -PAS-orange G procedure these cells stained blue-purple, demonstrating FSH/LH cells (blue or turquoise), ACTH/MSH cells (redpurple) and PRL cells (orange-red). The TSH cells were further differentiated from other functional cell types of the pars distalis on the basis of their typical cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunocytochemical double staining. In the pars distalis of adult male dogs the TSH cells were mostly shown to be smaller in size and less numerous than in bitches in the anestrous phase of the sexual cycle. Moreover, cytological alterations in the immunoreactive thyrotrophs in the pituitary of male and female dogs generally paralleled the spontaneous changes in thyroid function associated with thyroid atrophy and/or pituitary insufficiency, and thyroid hyperplasia or goiter. In conclusion, because of their specificity and high potency, the antisera to the β-subunits of bovine and rat TSH represent an effective tool for the selective immunocytochemical localization of TSH in the dog pituitary. This allows the study of the morphology and function of TSH cells under different physiological, pathological and experimental conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224930
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical demonstration of D2-protein in adrenal medulla (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 497-502 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: D2 glycoprotein ; Adrenal gland ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Cell adhesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural localization of the glycoprotein D2 in rat adrenal gland was investigated using immunohistochemical methods, and D2 localization in cultures of adult bovine chromaffin cells was studied by immunofluorescence. D2 was found to be situated on nerve fibers passing through the adrenal cortex and in the medulla zone, and also on the surface of all chromaffin cells. In addition, it was strongly expressed on the surface of glial (Schwann) cells. Cortical cells were unreactive to the antiserum. In cultures, all adrenalin and noradrenalin [dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH)-positive] cells were surface labelled for D2. A less frequent second cell type was recognized in vitro which was DBH negative but D2 positive. Such cells were presumed to be Schwann cells. These data are discussed in terms of the developmental origin of the cells and with regard to the putative functional rôle of D2 in cell adhesion phenomena.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219864
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    Immunocytochemical identification of an LHRH-producing system originating in the preoptic nucleus of the duck (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 99-106 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH-neurosecretion ; Avian hypothalamus ; Vasotocin neurosecretion ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A fluorescent technique applying specific LHRH and vasotocin antisera was used for the immunocytochemical localization of the respective neurosecretory systems in the hypothalamus of gonadectomized, testosteronetreated and/or serotonin injected male domestic ducks. An immunoreactive (IR) LHRH-producing system, with perikarya located in the preoptic nucleus, could be traced through the ventral hypothalamus down to the external layer of the rostral and caudal ME, in close vicinity to the hypophysial portal system. An IR-vasotocin system originating in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei ran through the ventral hypothalamus, but terminated in (i) the external layer of the rostral ME, and (ii) in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220517
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    Immunocytochemical study of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 119-132 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurophysin ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Sheep ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antiserum cross-reactive against ovine neurophysins-I-II and -III has been used in conjunction with the immunoperoxidase histochemical procedure to localize the cells of the sheep paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON). In order to describe the topographical distribution of the SON and PVN a study was made on the serial sections cut (a) transversely from rostral to caudal positions and (b) sagittally from lateral to medial positions of the hypothalamus. The cells of the SON, when examined in the transverse aspect, extended approximately 1900 μ caudally and when examined in the sagittal plane were contained within a lateral-medial distance of 4830 μ. In each case the SON cells lay adjacent to the optic chiasm. As sections were cut transversely, the cells of the PVN first appeared in a rostral position defined as 0 μ and close to the ventral lining of the third ventricle. This general ventral and ventro-lateral distribution of cells maintained up to a caudal distance of approximately 840 μ. From positions 1260–2310 μ there was a dramatic dorsal shift of the PVN cells which by this time had also extended laterally. The total rostral-caudal distance occupied by the PVN cells was 3150 μ. That the lateral-medial distance occupied by the PVN was small (1050 μ) was determined on examining the magnocellular nuclei in sagittal section.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220519
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    Cytological localization of α-MSH, ACTH and β-endorphin in the pars intermedia of the cichlid teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 625-633 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Teleost ; Pars intermedia ; Immunocytochemistry ; PAP-technique ; MSH ; ACTH ; Endorphin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pars intermedia of S. mossambicus contains two different endocrine-cell types. The predominant cell type is lead-haematoxyline-positive and assumed to synthesize MSH and related peptides. The second cell type is PAS positive and its function and product(s) are unknown. Staining of light-microscopic and ultrathin sections with antisera against α-MSH, ACTH 1–24 and human β-endorphin revealed that only the lead-haematoxyline-positive cells of the pars intermedia react with these antisera, and that the secretory granules of these cells contain compounds that were immunoreactive to all three antisera. These findings are in line with the hypothesis that α-MSH, ACTH and endorphins are derived from the same precursor molecule. No specific reaction with one of the antisera could be detected in the PAS positive cells.
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    Evidence for somatostatin, gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide-like substances in the mucosa cells of the gut in fishes with and without stomach (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Digestive tract ; Fish ; Gastrin-immunoreactive cells ; Pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells ; Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin immunoreactive cells in the gut of two fish with stomachs (perch and catfish) and a stomachless fish (carp) were studied by immunocytochemistry. In the gastric mucosa of perch and catfish, cells showing gastrin and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity are found, scattered among the surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells. No pancreatic polypeptide (P.P.) immunoreactive cells are detected in the gastric mucosa. Cells showing gastrin and P.P.-like immunoreactivity are observed in the intestinal mucosa of perch, catfish and carp. In this location no somatostatin immunoreactive cells are found.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin-containing neurons in the brain of Rana temporaria (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 43-53 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ; Rana temporaria ; Somatostatin-containing neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brain of the frog Rana temporaria was studied at the light microscopic level with the use of a double immunocytochemical staining method. The telencephalon, diencephalon and rhombencephalon contain somatostatin perikarya and fibers. In the telencephalon, the location of the somatostatin neurons largely corresponds to that of mammals. In the hypothalamus, the somatostatin perikarya are located in and near the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and also in the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum. Like the somatostatin neurons of the rat hypothalamus, they form a separate subpopulation, different from the neurons producing neurohypophysial hormones. In Rana, somatostatin neurons are also present in (as well as in the vicinity of) the subfornical organ, in the thalamus, the tectum opticum, the interpeduncular nucleus and the caudal end of the roof of the calamus scriptorius. A precise localization of the perikarya of most somatostatin fibers, including those found in the median eminence and the neural lobe, was not attained.
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    Immunohistochemical localisation of substances reactive to antisera against α-and β-endorphin and met-enkephalin in the brain of Rana temporaria L. (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 79-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α- and β-Endorphins ; Met-enkephalin ; Brain ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rana temporaria (Amphibia, Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the brain of Rana temporaria, two distinct systems reactive with α- and β-endorphin antisera, respectively, and with a met-enkephalin antiserum, have been detected immunohistochemically. Neurons reacting with α- and β-endorphin antisera are located (1) in the preoptic nucleus, and (2) in the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum. Immunoreactive nerve fibres of both groups of perikarya end in the infundibular floor near the capillaries and the preoptico-hypophysial tract. Control reactions have shown that the immunoreactivity is suppressed by the corresponding antigens, but also by β-LPH. In view of these results the immunoreactive systems examined correspond to an α/β-endorphin system or a lipotropinergic system. Neurons reacting with the met-enkephalin antiserum are located in the paraventricular organ. Intense immunofluorescence was observed in the infundibular floor. Controls show that the labelling by met-enkephalin antiserum is exclusively suppressed by met-enkephalin. In the pituitary gland, on the other hand, α- and β-endorphin antisera reveal: 1) the MSH/ACTH-like cells of the pars intermedia and 2) the ACTH-like cells of the pars distalis.
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    Ultrastructural identification of corticotropes of the fetal rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 427-437 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corticotropes ; Rat fetus ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Corticotropes of rat fetuses aged 16, 18 and 21 days were localized by the indirect antibody-enzyme method on semithin sections of the pituitary. The development of the ultrastructure of these cells was observed on consecutive ultrathin sections. In comparison with previous data our present results show that identification of a fetal cell type cannot be based entirely on morphological criteria. The structural peculiarities of corticotropes obtained from studies in vivo are compared with those observed in cells maintained in vitro.
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    Endogenous avidin found in the magnum gland of the hen oviduct (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 439-450 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Avidin ; Avidin-biotin interaction ; Biotin affinity histochemistry ; Biotin hydrazide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Magnum gland ; Secretion ; Oviduct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location of endogenous avidin was studied cytochemically in the magnum tissue of the oviduct of laying hens. Two methods, based on an interaction of avidin-biotin with biotin hydrazide-peroxidase (B-HRP) as an affinity reagent, and on an immunoperoxidase technique, were tested by morphological analysis. The data obtained by both methods showed that in the magnum B-HRP is a strictly substitutive reagent for endogenous avidin. Avidin was clearly demonstrated in large amounts in the secretory granules of some epithelial cells and tubular gland cells, but was absent from mucous cells, the goblet cells, which had been believed to be the location of avidin production, and from ciliated cells. These granules had previously been demonstrated by both electron-microscopic cytochemical techniques. Especially in acinar cells, they were nonhomogeneous with a speckled core and a dense peripheral part. They ranged in size from 500 to 2200nm in diameter in the gland and 180 to 720 nm in the epithelium. Columnar epithelial cells containing avidin granules had a strong resemblance to those of the protodifferentiated tubular gland cells in the magnum of chicks pretreated with daily estrogen or estrogen plus progesterone, and might have migrated towards the acinus as substitutional secretory cells. Therefore, the acinar cells of the magnum, considered to be composed of several secretory protein-producing systems, are dependent on estrogen and/or progesterone in the oviduct of the laying hen.
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of the transport of myelin proteolipids through the Golgi apparatus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 547-559 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myelin proteolipids ; Oligodendrocytes ; Golgi apparatus ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Purified antibodies directed against myelin proteolipids were isolated by affinity chromatography of whole serum obtained from rabbits inoculated with myelin. These antibodies were specific for light, medium and dark oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes, neurons and their processes were not reactive. Immunocytochemical investigations showed that the membranes of the Golgi complex are highly labeled by these antibodies. Diffuse cytoplasmic labeling was only observed on the light and medium oligodendrocytes and was absent from the dark types. Vesicles possessing a punctate staining were detected in the vicinity of the Golgi complex and the oligodendroglial membrane. A discontinuous labeling of the plasmalemma appears to be characteristic of the actively myelinating light and medium oligodendrocytes. In compact myelin sheaths positive immunostaining was only detected at the dense line. The immunocytochemical localization of the myelin proteolipids in the oligodendrocytes is in accordance with previously published biochemical data.
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    Immunohistochemical study of the adenohypophysis of Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 211-214 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Pars distalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Amphibia ; Gymnophiona
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indirect immunofluorescence method was used to identify and locate LTH-, STH-, LH-, TSH-, ACTH- and MSH-immunoreactive cells in the pituitary of Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Gymnophiona). The present study defines the histological and histochemical staining properties of each cell type identified.
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin-interacting protein) in smooth muscle fibers and absorptive epithelial cells in the small intestine of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 207-209 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caldesmon ; Actin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Small intestine ; Smooth muscle ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin-interacting protein) (Sobue et al. 1982) and of actin was studied in the rat's small intestine by means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. Positive immunostaining for caldesmon was seen in smooth muscle cells of the intestinal wall, and of blood vessels, and in the apical portion of the absorptive epithelial cells. The immunoreactivity in goblet cells was difficult to recognize. The positive reaction to immunostaining for actin showed almost the same pattern as that for caldesmon. These results suggest that this calmodulin-binding protein may play an important role in the control of actin-myosin interaction in smooth muscle cells and in non-muscle cells.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of neurons in the nervous system of the Colorado potato beetle with antisera against FMRFamide and bovine pancreatic polypeptide (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 303-308 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Bovine pancreatic polypeptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Peptidergic neurons ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Particular neurons in the nervous system of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, are recognized by antisera against bovine pancreatic polypeptide and FMRFamide. Both antisera react with the same neurons. Solid phase absorptions showed that antiserum against bovine pancreatic polypeptide cross-reacts with FMRFamide, whereas antiserum against FMRFamide cross-reacts with bovine pancreatic polypeptide. Some of the immunoreactive neurons have axons branching extensively within the neuropile, which suggests that the peptide is used as transmitter. In the corpus cardiacum, a neurohaemal organ in insects, numerous immunoreactive axon terminals are present. Here, the peptide material is presumably released as a hormone.
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    Localization of corticotropin-releasing factor-containing neurons in the brain of the domestic fowl (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 245-248 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corticotropin-releasing factor ; Immunocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons were investigated in the brain of the domestic fowl by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique at the light-microscopic level. The detection of CRF-immunoreactivity was facilitated by silver intensification. CRF-containing perikarya were found in the paraventricular, preoptic and mammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus and in some extrahypothalamic areas (nuclei dorsomedialis and dorsolateralis thalami, nucleus accumbens septi, lobus parolfactorius, periaqueductal gray of the mesencephalon, nucleus oculomotorius ventralis). Immunoreactive nerve fibers and terminals were demonstrated in the external zone of the median eminence and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. These results indicate that an immunologically demonstrable CRF-neurosecretory system also exists in the avian central nervous system.
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of caldesmon and actin in thyroid glands of rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 375-377 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid ; Immunocytochemistry ; Caldesmon ; Actin ; Endocytosis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin interacting protein; Sobue et al. 1982) and actin was studied in the rat thyroid gland by means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry, and the fine-structural distribution of actin filaments was examined by use of heavy meromyosin (HMM). Caldesmon and actin were demonstrated in the apical cytoplasm of almost all the follicle epithelial cells in normal as well as TSH-treated animals. Immunoreactivities for both caldesmon and actin showed almost the same pattern in localization. The smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels were also positive for caldesmon and actin. By electron microscopy, numerous actin filaments decorated by HMM and running perpendicularly or randomly to the apical surface were recognized in the apical cytoplasm of the follicle epithelial cell. These results suggest that caldesmon and actin, in conjugation with calmodulin, play a role in the regulation of cellular activity such as exocytosis and endocytosis in the apical portion of the follicle epithelial cell.
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    Immunocytochemical study of neurohypophysial peptides during corticotropic maturation of infant rats (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 201 (1979), S. 315-325 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Post-natal development ; Neurohypophysial peptides ; Magnocellular and parvocellular neurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical localization of vasopressin (VP), oxytocin (OXY) and neurophysins I and II (NI and NII) in the hypothalamus of growing rats revealed several new features. Hormones and neurophysins were present in magnocellular neurons of newborn rats: VP and NII in a first neuronal population, OXY and NI in a second neuronal population. For the first three days after birth, the ratio of detected VP to detected NII increased whereas the ratio of detected OXY to detected NI appeared constant. It was obvious that maturation of the OXY/NI magnocellular system occurred later than maturation of the VP/NII magnocellular system. During the first three weeks of development, VP/NII fibres in the median eminence were separated into two distinct groups: the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract in the internal part of the median eminence, and pericapillary endings heavily loaded with VP and NII in the external part of median eminence. OXY/NI fibres did not show this particular distribution. Therefore, during this post-natal period, loading of infundibular VP endings was related to the increase of ACTH synthesis demonstrated by various authors. Therefore, we suppose that simultaneous participation of VP and corticotropin-releasing hormone does not only appear during experimental and chronic stimulation of ACTH synthesis (after adrenalectomy, for example) but that it also exists during physiological stimulation of corticotropic function. At birth, parvocellular suprachiasmatic neurons were devoid of VP and NIL A slight immunological reactivity appeared in 6-to 10-day-old rats and it became equivalent to the immunological staining in the adult rat during the third post-natal week. Thus, the appearance of suprachiasmatic VP preceded the differentiation of the rhythmic activity of the pituitary adrenal axis. These chronological relationships suggest the involvement of the suprachiasmatic VP-related-peptide in the circadian periodicity of the corticotropic function.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin-containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 201 (1979), S. 349-359 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Rat ; Somatostatin-containing neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat hypothalamus was studied at the light microscopic level with the use of single and double immunocytochemical staining methods. It was shown that the rat supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and their accessory neurosecretory nuclei, do not contain magnocellular somatostatin neurons. The distribution of the hypothalamic parvocellular somatostatin cells is described. The parvocellular component of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is, at least partly, composed of somatostatin cells: they form a fairly well circumscribed periventricular cell mass. The rat suprachiasmatic nuclei contain separate somatostatin neurons and vasopressin neurons. Scattered somatostatin cells are present in the entire arcuate nucleus. In addition to the periventricular somatostatin cells located in the preopticanterior hypothalamic area and in the arcuate nucleus, the rat hypothalamus also contains numerous scattered somatostatin cells located distant from the third ventricle.
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    The localization of oxytocin, vasopressin, somatostatin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the rat neurohypophysis (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 202 (1979), S. 189-201 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Vasopressin ; Oxytocin ; Somatostatin ; Luteining hormone releasing hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamic hormones arginine-vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXT), somatostatin (SOM), and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) were localized in the rat neurohypophysis by the use of semithin serial sections and the unlabeled antibody enzyme method. Clusters of AVP fibres are present within the central region of the neural lobe, clusters of OXT fibres mainly in the peripheral part. The AVP fibres enter bilaterally into the neural lobe. The results call into question previous reports on the presence of AVP on receptors in the pars intermedia cells, since incubation with anti-AVP resulted in similar staining in the pars intermedia of the Wistar and homozygous Brattleboro rat, a mutant strain deficient in AVP. The same intermediate lobe cells are stained after incubation of serial sections with anti-AVP and anti-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). This staining of anti-AVP could be removed by solid phase absorption to α-MSH and is thus most probably due to cross reaction with α-MSH. SOM fibres appear to be present in the peripheral parts of the proximal neurohypophysial stalk and mainly lateral in its more distal parts. In the neural lobe they rapidly decrease in number, although some fibres continue into the distal part of the neural lobe, running bilaterally and situated adjacent to the pars intermedia. The SOM staining within magnocellular elements, which has been reported in the literature, can most probably be explained by cross reaction of anti-SOM with neurophysins. LHRH fibres are very scarce in the neurohypophysial stalk and absent in the neural lobe.
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    ACTH-Iike immunoreactivity in two electrotonically coupled giant neurons in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 202 (1979), S. 231-240 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; ACTH ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Neurohormone ; Neurotransmitter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two giant neurons (diameter 130 μm) were identified immunocytochemically by means of the unlabeled antibody enzyme technique with anti ACTH 1–39 and 1–24 in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The cells are located in the visceral and the right parietal ganglion, respectively. They contain moderately electron dense elementary granules (diameter 150–160 nm). By means of the intracellular horseradish peroxidase injection technique it was shown that the cells send fibres into the neuropiles of various ganglia and into nerves. Synapses occur on the fine fibre branches in the neuropile. Synapse-like structures were found on the cell bodies and on the major fibres. The giant neurons are electrotonically coupled. With toluidine blue staining for small peptides it was demonstrated that in the central nervous system of the pond snail numerous peptidergic neurons occur in addition to those identified with the classical staining methods for neurosecretion.
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    Immunofluorescence study of LRH-producing neurons in prosimians (Tupaia and Galago) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 355-365 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LRH neurons ; Prosimians (Tupaia, Galago) ; Fluorescence ; microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reactive LRH neurons were characterized in prosimians (Tupaia and Galago) by immunofluorescence using rabbit immunesera against unconjugated synthetic LRH, or LRH conjugated with bovine serum albumin. These neurons, which vary individually in number in one species, are mainly concentrated in the rostral hypothalamus (medial preoptic area and anterior hypothalamic area) and in the lamina terminalis. In contrast to the simians and man, immunoreactive perikarya were not routinely found in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the prosimians investigated in the present study. Reactive axons of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract are more numerous and conspicuous in the retrochiasmatic area and in the postinfundibular eminence. They give rise to radiating collaterals ending mainly around the capillaries of the primary portal plexus of the median eminence and of the infundibular stem (where they are generally more numerous). Reactive axons of the preopticoterminal tract, originating from the perikarya of the lamina terminalis, end around the capillaries of the vascular organ or below and between the ependymal cells lining its ventricular side. In Galago a small but very distinct tract of reactive axons runs under the optic chiasma, between the lamina terminalis and the ventral labium of the infundibulum. Very fine reactive extrahypothalamic axons were observed in the posterior part of the habenular ganglia, along the preamygdaloid portion of the stria terminalis and along the blood vessels of the parolfactory area.
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    Gut hormones in Salamandra salamandra (1980)
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 331-343 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut hormones ; Endocrine cells ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Peptidergic innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological, cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods were used in light and electron microscopical studies to demonstrate the presence of a neuroendocrine system in the gut of the urodele, Salamandra salamandra. Cytochemical stains capable of detecting peptide-producing endocrine cells demonstrate cells reacting with Masson's silver (argentaffin) method, Grimelius' argyrophil silver method, masked metachromasia method and the lead haematoxylin stain. Using antisera raised to a variety of mammalian gut peptides, cells containing bombesin-, gastrin-, somatostatin-, substance P- and glucagon-like immunoreactivity were identified; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and substance P-like immunoreactivities were found in nerve fibres in the submucous and myenteric plexus. No immunoreactivity was detected for motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, cholecystokinin or secretin. The ultrastructure of the immunoreactive cells and nerves was revealed by the semithin/thin method. All the cells identified contained numerous electrondense secretory granules, which varied in their chracteristic morphological structure from one cell type to another. The evidence collected in this study indicates that a complex neuroendocrine system regulating gut function is present in this amphibian and may have developed prior to the emergence of the phylum.
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of peptidergic neurons in the central nervous system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis with antisera raised to biologically active peptides of vertebrates (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 273-291 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Biologically active peptides ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Neurohormone ; Neurotransmitter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Perikarya and nerve fibers were immunocytochemically identified in the central nervous system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis by means of the unlabelled antibody enzyme method with antisera to 15 biologically active peptides of vertebrates: vasopressin, vasotocin, oxytocin, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), met-enkephalin, somatostatin, glucagon, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), vaso-active intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), Substance P, calcitonin. No immunostaining was obtained with antisera to β-endorphin, cholecystokinin (CCK), neurophysin I and II. Particular neurons could be identified with two antisera (anti-vasopressin/vasotocin, anti-α-MSH/metenkephalin, anti-substance P/PP, anti-PP/gastrin). Apparently this indicates that populations of cells identified with a given antiserum may consist of more than one cell type. Only a few of the new peptidergic cells appeared to be identical with classical neurosecretory cells. Thus the growth hormone producing Light Green Cells stained with anti-somatostatin and the axon terminals of the ovulation hormone producing Caudo-Dorsal Cells with anti-met-enkephalin. Whether this indicates structural identity of the growth hormone with somatostatin and of the ovulation hormone with met-enkephalin remains to be investigated. Just like the classical neurosecretory cells a number of the new peptidergic cells (anti-glucagon, -insulin, -met-enkephalin, -somatostatin, and -PP positive cells) send their axons to the peripheries of commissures, connectives or nerves. Thus these cells can be considered as probably neuroendocrine. The classical neurosecretory cells release their products into the haemolymph from these sites. Other new peptidergic cells (e.g., anti-vasopressin, -vasotocin, -oxytocin and -GIP positive cells) have axons that terminate, probably synaptically, on other neurons, indicating that they are “more conventional” neurons, their products being neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. It can also not be excluded that some cells of a population containing a given peptide are neuroendocrine and others make contact with other neurons.
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    Distribution of immunoreactive somatostatin in the primate hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Hypothalamus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human ; Rhesus monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical methods were used to compare the localization of somatostatin (SRIF) in the human and rhesus monkey hypothalamus. The distribution of SRIF-containing cell bodies and fibers is similar in the two species. Perikarya are located predominantly in the periventricular region and to a lesser extent in the ventromedial nucleus. Fibers occur in dense clusters within the periventricular region, ventromedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, median eminence, and pericommissural area of both species. Analysis of serial sections suggests that fibers originate from cells in the periventricular region, extend ventrally through the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei to terminate around the portal vessels of the infundibular stalk, and thereby participate in the regulation of anterior pituitary function. Somatostatinergic fibers are also found surrounding non-immunoreactive perikarya in the ventromedial nucleus and periventricular region of both primates. This arrangement may support somatostatin's postulated role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. The strong similarity between the localization of hypothalamic SRIF in the human and rhesus monkey supports the use of the rhesus monkey as a model for the study of somatostatin as a neuroendocrine regulator in the human.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222233
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    Vasopressin-immunoreactive cells in the dorsomedial hypothalamic region, medial amygdaloid nucleus and locus coeruleus of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 23-33 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Vasopressin ; Dorsomedial hypothalamus ; Amygdala ; Locus coeruleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recently, the existence of a vasopressin-immunoreactive cell group was described in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (van Leeuwen and Caffé 1983). In the present investigation additional nuclei containing vasopressin-immunoreactive cells were found, after colchicine pretreatment, in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, medial amygdaloid nucleus and the locus coeruleus. Vasopressin-immunoreactive cells in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and medial amygdaloid nucleus are small (8–14 μm and 10–14 μm, respectively), while those in the locus coeruleus are medium-sized (20–25 μm). Incubation with anti-bovine neurophysin II and anti-rat neurophysin revealed staining of the same cell group in the above-mentioned areas. None of these cell groups show stained cells after incubation with anti-oxytocin and anti-bovine neurophysin I. When sections of the homozygous Brattleboro rat, which shows a deficiency in vasopressin synthesis, are incubated with anti-vasopressin, anti-bovine neurophysin II, or anti-rat neurophysin, no immunoreactivity can be observed in these brain regions. The above-mentioned cell groups may contribute to the vasopressinergic innervation of brain sites that have been reported to persist after lesioning of the suprachiasmatic, paraventricular and bed nuclei of the stria terminalis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222229
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    Immunocytochemical identification of α-endorphin-like material in neurones of the brain and corpus cardiacum of the blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 415-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α-Endorphin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Median neurosecretory cells ; Peptidergic neurones ; Calliphora vomitoria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A group of the 24–26 paraldehyde fuchsin-positive median neurosecretory cells (MNC) in the pars intercerebralis of the brain of the blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria, has shown immunoreactivity towards three different antibodies to α-endorphin, a peptide that corresponds to the amino acid sequence present between residues 61 and 76 of the precursor molecule, β-lipotropin (β-LPH). The immunoreactive material could be followed in axons within the median bundle, the tract through which neurosecretory material from the MNC is passed down to the corpus cardiacum (CC). The α-endorphin-immunoreactive material was observed leaving the CC in the cardiac-recurrent nerve, dorsal to the proventriculus, in the direction of the abdomen. The cells that contain the α-endorphin-like material are different from those of the MNC that contain insulin-, pancreatic polypeptide-, and gastrin/CCK-like peptides. This finding demonstrates the considerable complexity and peptidergic nature of the MNC and constitutes further evidence that morphinomimetic-like peptides are present in the nervous system of invertebrates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238307
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    Immunocytochemical localization of angiotensinogen in rat liver and kidney (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 439-451 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Angiotensinogen ; Liver ; Kidney ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The renin substrate, angiotensinogen, was localized by immunocytochemistry in liver and kidney of normal rats by the use of an antiserum directed against pure rat angiotensinogen. This substrate was also examined in rats after bilateral nephrectomy, which is known to increase plasma angiotensinogen, and in rats treated with colchicine, which inhibits serum protein secretion. In normal rat liver, light microscopy showed the presence of immunoreactive material in a very few cells. The number of stained hepatocytes rose in rats treated with colchicine or after bilateral nephrectomy. Immuno-staining increased further when rats were both nephrectomized and colchicine treated. In the kidney, angiotensinogen was specifically located as granular formations in nephrocytes of the proximal tubule but never in the granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. The localization of these granular formations under the brush border suggests that angiotensinogen is reabsorbed from the glomerular ultrafiltrate rather than synthesized in the kidney.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238309
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    Prolactinergic neurons in a protochordate (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 471-474 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactinergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cerebral ganglion ; Styela plicata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peptidergic neurons have been detected in the cerebral ganglion of the ascidian Styela plicata by means of cytochemical methods. After incubation with a mammalian antibody to human prolactin the perikarya show a strong immunoreactivity. The possible function of prolactin-like peptides in the nervous system of protochordates is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238312
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    Ultrastructural characteristics of vasopressin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 125-134 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasopressin-containing neurons, identified by immunocytochemistry, are located predominantly in the posterior magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. By electron microscopy, the immunoreaction product is seen within the cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the perikarya and dendritic processes, the immunoreactive material is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules. Axonal processes, identified by their content of microtubules and accumulation of neurosecretory granules, show the immunoreaction product in association with both of these organelles. Afferent axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and putative axo-axonic synapses with immunostained vasopressinergic neurons can be identified. The presynaptic profiles do not contain immunoreactive material. This study contributes to the ultrastructural characterization of vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and of their afferent synaptic input.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217406
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in the developing rat lung (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 165-177 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; Lung ; Development ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a previous study changes in the macrodistribution of fibronectin during rat-lung development were examined. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique, we have demonstrated the presence of fibronectin in embryonic, neonatal, and adult rat lung at the ultrastructural level. In the embryo, fibronectin is found both in an intra-and extracellular association with isolated pneumoblasts, and in a periodic distribution along the basal lamina. The neonate displays fibronectin in an intracellular association with early type-I cells and on their basal and luminal surfaces, but not in association with type-II cells. Neonatal basal lamina is diffusely labeled by anti-fibronectin antiserum. Fibronectin in adult tissue is found both intracellularly and on the basal and luminal surfaces of type-I cells but not in type-II cells. The basal lamina and interstitial connective tissue are slightly or non-reactive. These observations confirm and extend our initial suggestion that fibronectin is involved in rat-lung development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217410
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    Immunocytochemical localization of urotensin I neurons in the caudal neurosecretory system of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 19-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Urotensin ; Caudal neurosecretory system ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of urotensin I has been investigated in the caudal neurosecretory system of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). The peptide is present in all the cells of the system both large and small, in the large axons passing to the urophysis, and in fine beaded fibres not only within the urophysis but also in a fine plexus lateral to the large cells in the spinal cord proper. The possibility that the caudal neurosecretory system is not a functionally uniform system but rather a collection of dissimilar cells of different synaptic inputs with a common entity, urotensin I, is discussed. Moreover, the feasibility of a urotensin I feedback loop is described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213718
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    Comparative immunocytochemical demonstration of ACTH-, LH and FSH-containing cells in the pituitary of neonatal, immature and adult rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 71-75 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary rat ; LH cells ; FSH cells ; ACTH cells ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of immunocytochemistry, the development of ACTH-, LH- and FSH cells was examined in the anterior pituitary of 5-day-old neonatal, 15-day-old immature and adult rats. ACTH-positive cells are angular and the periphery of these cells is strongly reactive with anti-ACTH serum. In contrast, LH- and FSH-immunopositive cells are ovoid elements, ranging in cell size and intensity of staining. Angular cells, in which only the cell periphery reacted with anti-LHβ serum, were observed in neonatal and immature rats; however, these cells were not stained with either anti-FSHβ serum or anti-ACTH serum. Observation of serial semithin sections revealed that ACTH-immunopositive cells do not react with either anti-LHβ or anti-FSHβ serum. Finally, it was observed that ACTH cells and LH cells are both functionally differentiated already in 5-day-old neonatal rats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213725
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of LH and FSH in the pituitary of the untreated male rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 77-83 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary (rat) ; LH cells ; FSH cells ; Rapid freeze-substitution ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ferritin antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rapid freeze-substitution fixation was employed in immunocytochemical studies on the localization of LH and FSH in the typical gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary in the untreated male rat; a modification of a recently described ferritin antibody method (Inoue et al. 1982) was used in these studies. It was shown that rapid freeze-substitution fixation provides good preservation not only of the ultrastructure but also of the antigenicity. Both LH and FSH were clearly demonstrated in the same gonadotrophic cells, but the subcellular localization of these gonadotrophins differed: (i) LH was mainly located in small secretory granules, 250–300 nm in diameter; (ii) FSH was mainly present in large secretory granules, up to 500 nm in diameter. In the pituitary gland of the adult male rat, all gonadotrophs that react to antibodies against gonadotrophins are characterized by small and large secretory granules. Other types of cells of the anterior pituitary containing either small secretory granules or resembling corticotrophs with secretory granules assembled at cell periphery did not react to either anti-LH beta or anti-FSH beta serum. For light microscopy, the peroxidase antibody method was used. All of the gonadotrophin-positive cells contain both LH and FSH. None of the pituitary cells reacted to antibody against only one gonadotrophin. However, some cells are “LH-rich” while other cells are “FSH-rich”.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213726
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    Ultrastructural evidence for endogenous testosterone immunoreactivity in the pituitary gland of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 159-169 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary ; Gonadotropic cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Testosterone binding ; Cryo-ultramicrotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several attempts have been made to localize steroids by means of immunocytological techniques. However, these methods were found inadequate for detecting steroids bound to their receptors. To localize endogenous testosterone (T) in its target cells at the ultrastructural level, an immunocytological technique was performed on ultrathin sections obtained by cryo-ultramicrotomy. T was detected in the pituitary glands obtained from intact male or female rats and castrated rats, but not in castrated + adrenalectomized rats. Animals were also injected either with testosterone, with other steroids (estradiol, progesterone, corticosterone) or with an androgen antagonist (cyproterone acetate). In addition, some ultrathin sections were preincubated either with phosphate buffers of various pH, corticosterone, cyproterone acetate solution, or with T solution. The content of T in the pituitary before and after fixation was measured by radioimmunoassay; it decreased after fixation. T immunoreactivity was localized in the gonadotropic cells only, both in the male and female rats. At the subcellular level, the immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasmic matrix and in the nucleus. Immunoreactive T disappeared 1) in rats after castration+adrenalectomy; by means of radioimmunoassay no T was measured in these pituitary glands; 2) in rats injected with 25 (μg/rat of cyproterone acetate; 3) after preincubation of pituitary sections on a drop of cyproterone acetate (1 × 10-6 M). The immunocytological reaction was not modified when the rats were injected with estradiol, progesterone or corticosterone (1 mg/rat), or after preincubation of the sections with corticosterone (1 × 10-3 M), or a buffer solution at pH 7.6. Lower or higher pH values led to a strong decrease in the immunoreactivity. After injection of T (15 μg/rat) the immunocytological reaction was more abundant in the nucleus and less in the cytoplasm. The immunoreactivity was again observed when the sections were preincubated with cyproterone acetate solution and then with T solution. These data suggest that T can be detected by means of immunocytochemistry. It is probably bound to a specific binding site.
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    Evidence that oxytocin-secreting neurones are involved in the ultrastructural reorganisation of the rat supraoptic nucleus apparent at lactation (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 217-219 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Supraoptic nucleus (SON) ; Oxytocin neurones ; Neuronal appositions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pre-embedding immunocytochemistry was performed on vibratome sections of the hypothalamus of lactating rats using antiserum directed against oxytocin. Electron microscopy revealed that numerous immunopositive somata and dendrites in the supraoptic nucleus were in direct apposition, without glial interposition; a number of them were also bridged by “double” synapses. The observations support the contention that the ultrastructural reorganisation of the nucleus apparent at lactation affects the magnocellular neurones secreting oxytocin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213745
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    Ultrastructural localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in rat salivary glands by immunocytochemistry (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 427-432 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: DPP IV ; Salivary glands ; Ultrastructural localization ; Immunocytochemistry ; PAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) (EC 3.4.14.5) in rat submandibular and parotid glands was studied immunocytochemically by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, using a monospecific antiserum against rat kidney DPP IV. There were no differences in the immunocytochemical localization of DPP IV between submandibular and parotid glands. In these glands, DPP IV was primarily found to be associated with the luminal and intercellular canalicular plasma membranes of acinar cells and with the luminal plasma membranes of intercalated and striated duct cells. Occasionally, immunoreaction of DPP IV was detected in cytoplasmic vesicles (vacuoles), lysosomes, and multivesicular bodies in some acinar cells as well as in ductal epithelial cells. Furthermore, the reaction product was also found within the lumina of peri-acinar and peri-ductal capillaries and in the cytoplasm of some fibroblasts in the interstitial connective tissue. These data suggest that DPP IV in the submandibular and parotid glands may play some role in the secretion or reabsorption processes of secretory proteins and peptides in these glands.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217869
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    Distribution and ultrastructure of S-100-immunoreactive cells in the human thymus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 509-514 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; Thymus ; Interdigitating cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study deals with the localization and ultrastructure of S-100-immunoreactive cells in the human thymus. These immunoreactive cells are distributed mainly in the medulla with some scattered elements in the cortex. Electron-microscopic observation revealed that the cells are characterized by an irregularly shaped nucleus, tubulovesicular structures in the cytoplasm and characteristic interdigitations of the plasma membrane. The cells often embrace lymphocytes with their branched processes. On the basis of these morphological features, the immunostained elements were identified as interdigitating cells (IDCs). The immunocytochemistry for S-100 visualizes the precise distribution and extension of the IDCs under the light microscope and indicates that the IDCs form no structural networks such as those established by the thymic epithelial cells. Since the IDCs in human lymph nodes have also been reported to contain S-100-like immunoreactivity, S-100 protein can be regarded as a useful marker for identifying the IDCs in the human thymus and other lymphoid organs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226947
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    Immunocytochemical localization of a substance in the eyestalk of the prawn, Palaemon serratus, reactive with an anti-FMRF-amide rabbit serum (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 601-605 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; FMRF-amide ; Neurotransmitter ; Palaemon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of a specific antiserum against the molluscan cardio-excitatory tetrapeptide FMRF-amide in combination with the PAP-method it was possible to obtain positive immunocytochemical reactions in several neurosecretory regions of the eyestalk of the prawn Palaemon serratus. FMRF-amide-like material was found in perikarya and nerve fibers of the medulla terminalis and in neurons in the lamina ganglionaris. The immunoreactivity observed in the glandular tissue located at the basal insertion of the eyestalk muscles must be ascribed to a non-specific reaction. The identification of immunopositive nerve fibers, ending on a nerve bundle in the medulla terminalis, and the fact that immunoreactive material was absent in the neurohemal sinus gland seem to indicate a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226958
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    Differentiation of cells producing polypeptide hormones (ACTH, MSH, LPH, α- and β-endorphin, GH and PRL) in the fetal porcine anterior pituitary (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 615-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fetal porcine pituitary ; ACTH, MSH, β-LPH, α- and β-endorphin, GH, PRL ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study on the fetal porcine pituitary was (1) to detect by means of the immunoperoxidase technique the earliest stages of cells producing polypeptide hormones: β-MSH, ACTH, β-LPH, α- and β-endorphin, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), (2) to study the development of the synthesis and the storage of these hormones during fetal life, and (3) to detect whether several hormones can be located in one and the same cell. The corticotropic cells were revealed as the earliest functional elements of the fetal anterior pituitary. Our results indicate clearly that ACTH, β-MSH, β-LPH, α- and β-endorphin appear at 34 days in the same regular, round or ovoid cells; no differences in the time of their appearance could be observed. The ACTH-cells, irregular or angular in shape and endowed with cytoplasmic processes such as described in the adult pituitary, were not seen until day 50. The first GH-cells were detected between 40 to 45 days of fetal life. From day 45 to 90, the GH-cells greatly increased in number and in staining intensity of their progressively extending cytoplasmic area, but they displayed the same regular and round shape. The PRL-cells were the last cell type to appear in the fetal pituitary. The first PRL-cells, small in size and round or ovoid in shape with a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, were detected at day 70. At day 80, the PRL-cells increased in size and staining intensity. They displayed an irregular elongated or stellated shape and cytoplasmic processes resembling those characteristic of the adult pituitary. These data suggest that in the fetal porcine pituitary: (1) ACTH, β-LPH and related peptides are synthesized and stored in the same cells, and (2) PRL and GH appear in individual cellular elements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226960
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    Subcellular localization of gonadotropic hormones in pituitary cells of the castrated pig with the use of pre-and post-embedding immunocytochemical methods (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 153-160 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary, porcine ; Gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cellular compartments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pre- and post-embedding immunocytochemical methods based on the use of specific antibodies against β-subunits of porcine LH and FSH were applied to determine the changes occurring in the anterior pituitary of the pig after gonadectomy. The results showed that (1) the total number of immunoreactive gonadotropes increased from 21–25% in control animals to 24–37% in castrated animals; (2) all gonadotropes contained both LH and FSH; (3) several types of immunoreactive LH/FSH cells were revealed; and (4) the two immunocytochemical methods used with dispersed cells localized the hormones in the same subcellular sites. However, the staining intensity in the different locations varied depending on the method applied. With the post-embedding method, a dense reaction product was found in the secretory granules but the cisternae of RER and the Golgi saccules were always slightly reactive. After the pre-embedding method, the staining intensity in the RER-cisternae and in the Golgi saccules was greatly increased. Thus, the two methodological approaches used in this study have permitted to visualize immunocytochemically the gonadotropic hormones not only at the sites of their storage but also along the intracellular pathway of the secretory material, i.e., at the site of its synthesis and during its passage via the Golgi zone.
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    Immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure of the neuropil located ventral to the rat supraoptic nucleus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 171-180 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Neuropil ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropil located ventral to the SON was investigated by the use of immunoperoxidase staining for neurophysins, oxytocin and vasopressin, and electron miroscopy. The study was performed in six groups of rats: 1) control; 2) infusion of isotonic saline into the CSF; 3) infusion of hypertonic saline into the CSF; 4) drinking hypertonic saline for 4 days; 5) same as group 4 but injection of colchicine into the CSF on second day of dehydration; 6) salt loading for 3 months. In the control rats the ventral neuropil contained a few immunoreactive processes, the general morphology of which was completely different from that of the neurosecretory axons emerging from the SON at its dorsal aspect. In rats of groups 3 to 6 the ventral processes (VP) became loaded with neurosecretory granules, whereas the perikarya and axons were depleted. Based on their general morphology and reactivity pattern it is suggested that the VP are dendrites. Most of these “dendrites” were embedded in a glial cushion formed by the processes of a particular type of marginal glia. Some of these “dendrites” enveloped an arteriole penetrating the optic tract. All VP were rich in synaptic contacts. The possibility that the VP of neurosecretory cells may be functionally related to the subarachnoid CSF and the arteriolar blood flow is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216528
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    Quantitative analysis of ACTH-immunoreactive cells in the anterior pituitary of young spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 229-235 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: ACTH cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Morphometry ; Spontaneous hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary ACTH-immunoreactive cells in the anterior pituitary of 4-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied with immunocytochemical and morphometric techniques. The results were compared with data from age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). No significant differences were found in volume density and average size of ACTH-immunoreactive cells between these two strains. However, SHR showed a significantly larger anterior lobe (2 P 〈 0.01) than WKY, indicating that the total number of ACTH-immunoreactive cells in the anterior pituitary is greater in SHR than in WKY. These data are in agreement with radioimmunological determinations showing a significantly elevated content (2 P 〈 0.01) but only a moderately higher concentration (0.05 〈 2 P 〈 0.10) of ACTH in the anterior pituitary of SHR as compared to WKY. The present results suggest an enhanced availability of ACTH in the anterior pituitary of 4-week-old SHR, a fact which could explain the markedly enhanced stress-induced release of ACTH previously found in these animals. This study further supports the hypothesis that, among other factors, an instability of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis may contribute to the development of genetically programmed hypertension.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216535
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    Distribution of actin in migrating leukocytes in vivo (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 517-525 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow ; Actin ; Cell motility ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood cells proliferate extravascularly in the bone marrow and enter the circulation by migrating through endothelial cells of venous blood sinuses. This migration, or diapedesis, was suspected to involve actin. To test for the presence and distribution of actin, sections of rat bone marrow were examined by indirect immunocytochemistry. Affinity purified rabbit antichicken gizzard actin antibody, and goat-antirabbit IgG-FITC, or goat antirabbit IgG colloidal gold probes were used. The migrating cell contacts the endothelial cell and forms a podosome (a cortical bleb). Immunocytochemistry shows this region to contain actin. As diapedesis proceeds the podosome deforms, then breaches the endothelial cell. At this time the anterior portion of the leukocyte shows heavy labeling for actin. When the migratory cell traverses approximately half of its length through the endothelial cell, actin appears prominent in the caudal region of the cell. The immunocytochemical data suggest that actin is nonrandomly distributed in leukocytes undergoing diapedesis and may be a component of the force-generating mechanism responsible for this transcellular migratory event.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217218
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    Granulated folliculo-stellate cells and growth hormone cells immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum in the pituitary glands of the goat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 7-14 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Goat ; Folliculo-stellate cell ; GH cell ; S-100 protein ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Goat pituitary glands were immunohistochemically studied with antisera for bovine S-100 protein, rat LHβ, FSH, TSHβ, prolactin, ovine GH, and porcine ACTH1–39 by use of the superimposition technique on adjacent sections. Folliculo-stellate (F-S) cells were divided into two categories on the basis of ultrastructural properties: One consisted of a mass of agranular cells in which the pseudolumina were equipped with microvilli and cilia. Elongate gap junctions were often observed among these cells. The other was a group of granulated cells with or without pseudolumina. In this group the gap junctions were shown to be disintegrated. The dense granules 150–250 nm in diameter began to accumulate in the cells. However, neither type of these F-S cells was immunostained for S-100 protein. On the other hand, numerous polygonal, elongate, irregular or stellate cells containing S-100 protein were distributed throughout the gland. Most of them were immunohistochemically identical with the GH cells laden with the secretory granules 250–450 nm in diameter, but some of them were identical to TSH and prolactin cells which immunostained faintly for S-100 protein. This appears to be the first demonstration of GH cells intensely immunostained for S-100 protein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229194
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    FMRF -amide-like immunoreactivity in brain and pituitary of the hagfish Eptatretus burgeri (Cyclostomata) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 363-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hagfish ; Brain ; Pituitary ; FMRF-amide ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paraffin sections of brain and pituitary of the hagfish Eptatretus burgeri were immunostained with an antiserum to FMRF-amide. Immunoreactivity was visible in a large number of neurons in the posterior part of the ventromedial hypothalamus and in long neuronal processes extending cranially from the hypothalamus to the olfactory system and caudally to the medulla oblongata. FMRF-amide-like immunoreactivity was also found in cells of the adenohypophysis. These observations suggest that the hagfish possesses a brain FMRF-amide-like transmitter system and pituitary cells containing FMRF-amide-like material. Antisera to ACTH, α-MSH and pancreatic polypeptide gave no immunoreaction in hagfish brain or pituitary.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217158
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    Secretory stages of individual CHH-producing cells in the eyestalk of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus, determined by means of immunocytochemistry (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 291-298 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Quantitative electron microscopy ; Secretory cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical staining demonstrates striking differences in staining intensity among individual crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH)-producing cells in the eyestalk of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus. Based on these differences we arbitrarily subdivided the CHH-cells into three categories representing increasing immunoreactivity respectively: + cells, + + cells, and + + + cells. Electron microscopic investigations reveal that these differences in immunostaining are correlated with differences in the numerical density of the neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm and that these may reflect differences in activity among the CHH-cells. Morphometric analyses at the light- and electron-microscopic levels indicate that the three distinguished categories of immunopositive cells represent different stages in the CHH-synthesizing process of the cells. The results of the present study demonstrate the application of the PAP-technique at the light-microscopic level as a method to obtain information pertaining to the dynamics of secretory activity of the CHH-cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217148
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    Occurrence and distribution of neuropeptide-Y-immunoreactive nerves in the respiratory tract and middle ear (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 321-327 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Immunocytochemistry ; Respiratory tract ; Ear, middle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve fibres displaying neuropeptide-Y (NPY) immunoreactivity are abundantly distributed in the respiratory tract of cats, guinea-pigs, rats and mice. Fine beaded NPY fibres were seen in whole-mount spreads of the middle-ear mucosa. In the nasal mucosa and in the wall of the Eustachian tube NPY fibres were numerous around arteries and arterioles but sparse in the vicinity of veins; single fibres were found close to the acini of seromucous glands. In the tracheobronchial wall NPY fibres occurred in the proximity of blood vessels, in the subepithelial layer and in the smooth muscle. Surgical and chemical (6-hydroxydopamine treatment) sympathectomy resulted in disappearance of adrenergic and NPY-containing nerve fibres in the nasal mucosa. Sequential staining with antibodies against dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and NPY revealed that DBH and NPY occur in the same perivascular nerve fibres in the nasal mucosa. The distribution of NPY fibres in the respiratory tract suggests multiple functions of NPY, such as regulation of local blood flow, glandular secretion and smooth muscle activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217151
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    Isotocinergic neurons in the goldfish hypothalamus: Physiological and morphological studies on chemically identified cells (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 202 (1979), S. 17-23 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Isotocinergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Hypothalamus ; Intracellular recording ; Goldfish (Carassius)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isotocinergic (IT) neurons show physiological and morphological characteristics that are similar to those of other preoptic neuroendocrine cells in the goldfish. Preoptic IT cells show resting membrane potentials of 20–55 mV, action potentials of up to 100mV, and physiological evidence of axonal branching. Dye-marked IT cells measure 14–56 μm, their dendrites projecting to the ependyma and into the hypothalamic neuropil, their multiple beaded axons projecting to the pituitary. Indirect immunofluorescence identifies these dyemarked cells as IT. By combining electrophysiological, dye-marking and immunocytochemical techniques we can now, for the first time, study single, antidromically-identified peptidergic neurons of a specific type in vertebrate and invertebrate species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239217
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    Co-existence of immunoreactivity to anti-dopamine, anti-serotonin and anti-vasotocin in the cerebral giant neuron of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 411-412 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Biogenic amines ; Vasotocin ; Lymnaea stagnalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Consecutive sections of certain neurons in the central ganglia of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis appear to be immunoreactive to anti-dopamine and anti-serotonin. The Cerebral Giant Neurons stain in addition with antivasotocin. The observations indicate the presence of two biogenic amines within the same neuron and in addition their co-existence with a biologically active peptide.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217315
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    Opsin-immunoreactive outer segments of photoreceptors in the eye and in the lumen of the optic nerve of the hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 515-522 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retinal photoreceptors ; Opsin ; Optic nerve ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cyclostome, Myxine glutinosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Opsin-immunoreactive sites in the eye and optic nerve of the hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, were studied by use of light-microscopic pre- and postembedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase or avidin-biotin-peroxidase techniques, and the immuno-electron-microscopic protein A-gold method. At the light-microscopic level, a strong opsin immuno-reaction was obtained on the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells with sheep and rat antibodies against bovine (rhod)opsin. These outer segments were located in the marginal photoreceptor space and in follicles of the retina, as well as in the tubular lumen of the optic nerve. Ultrastructurally, two classes of outer segments can be distinguished; most of them exhibited a strong antiopsin reaction, while certain elements lacked immunoreactivity with the antisera employed. The protein A-gold particles marked opsin-immunoreactive sites on the photoreceptor membranes. The presence of opsin-immunoreactive material in the retina and optic nerve of the hagfish strengthens the view that this primitive eye lacking a cornea, lens and vitreous body is engaged in light perception. The morphological similarity between the eye and pineal tissue is discussed in connection with the absence of a pineal organ in this species.
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    Immunocytological evidence for oxytocin neurons in the human fetal hypothalamus (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 259-264 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Human fetus ; Oxytocin ; Neurophysin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of antibodies against oxytocin or neurophysin enabled the detection by immunocytochemistry of oxytocin-neurophysin neurons in the hypothalamus in the human fetus. The perikarya of these neurons are located in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Immunoreactive neurons occur in the median eminence. The neurophysin immunoreactive neurons were more numerous than the oxytocin immunoreactive neurons. The specificity of the immunocytological reaction was controlled. The first oxytocin-neurophysin neurons are seen as early as the 14th week of gestation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222635
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    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in anuran intestine (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 413-422 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Radioimmunoassay ; Gut hormones ; Anura
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical and radioimmunological techniques with region specific antisera have been used to identify a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like material in the anuran intestine. Seven species of Anura were investigated: Bombina bombina, Alytes obstetricans, Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta, Hyla arborea, Hyla crepitans and Bufo bufo. In five of the species (A. obstetricans, R. temporaria, H. arborea, H. crepitans and B. bufo) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive mucosal endocrine cells and nerve fibres in all layers of the gut wall, were detected by both immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods. In the other two species, R. esculenta and B. bombina, no mucosal endocrine cells were detected although the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerve fibres were plentiful. Radioimmunoassay showed the presence of significant amounts of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactivity in intestinal extracts from all species. The highest quantities were present in those anurans with both immunostained cells and nerves. Gel permeation chromatography showed that most of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like peptide eluted in a position identical to that of natural mammalian (porcine) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The results indicate that a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like peptide is well represented in the Anura and that it is immunologically very similar to the mammalian peptide.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233628
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    Differentiation of embryonic hypothalamic transplants cultured on the choroidal pia in brains of adult rats (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 217-228 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus (rat) ; Differentiation ; Transplant ; Histofluorescence ; Immunocytochemistry ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hypothalamic tissue from 16 to 18-day fetal rats was transplanted onto the choroidal pia overlying the superior colliculus in adult female rats. After survival periods of 2 weeks to 19 months, brains containing transplants were processed for monoamine fluorescence histochemistry, immunohistochemistry for three neuropeptides (LHRH, somatostatin, neurophysin), or for autoradiography in ovariectomized hosts that received [3H] estradiol. Most of the transplants survived and retained or increased in size; 14 of 25 transplants examined by fluorescence histochemistry were found to contain median eminence-like structures. In almost all of the transplants that were stained for neuropeptides, beaded processes and occasional cell bodies were observed. Although immunoreactive fibers were found near blood vessels, no palisade arrangement typical of the normal median eminence was evident. Each of the hypothalamic transplants on which steroid autoradiography was performed contained clusters of estrophilic neurons, the intensity of labeling of which was comparable to that seen in the host hypothalamus. These results indicate that many characteristic morphological and chemical features of the hypothalamus, which are not evident in the 16 to 18-day fetus, are elaborated in transplants during the survival period in the host. Transplantation of fetal hypothalamus to adult choroidal pia thus appears to be a valuable approach for studying the factors, humoral or neural, that regulate the differentiation of this brain region.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234681
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    Evidence that lipolytic peptide B occurs in the ACTH/MSH-cells of the pituitary and in the brain (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 349-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lipolytic peptide B ; Pituitary ; ACTH/MSH cells ; Brain ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several lipid-mobilizing peptides occur in the pituitary, among them β-lipotropin and “lipolytic peptide A and peptide B”. The latter two peptides are distinct from β-lipotropin and appear to be chemically related to the neurophysins. Immunohistochemistry has now revealed that the lipolytic peptide B of the pituitary is localized in the ACTH- and MSH-cells. In addition, immunoreactive peptide B was found in axons of the posterior lobe of the pituitary. Immunoreactive peptide B was found also in nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies in the hypothalamus, particularly in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract and in the magnocellular neuronal system. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were numerous also in the periventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The antiserum against peptide B cross-reacts with neurophysin I, and hence, it cannot be excluded that at least part of the immunostaining in the brain reflects the presence of the latter component. However, the regional distribution of immunoreactive peptide B and neurophysin was not identical. Therefore, it is possible that authentic peptide B occurs not only in the pituitary but also in the brain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232277
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    Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of somatostatin immunoreactive cells in the pancreas and gut (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 465-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin cells ; Pancreas ; Gut ; Immunocytochemistry ; Comparative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Somatostatin cells are numerous in the pancreas and digestive tract of mammals as well as birds. In the pancreas of chicken, cat and dog they occur in both the exocrine parenchyma and in the islets. In the rat and rabbit, somatostatin cells have a peripheral location in the islets, whereas in the cat, dog and man the cells are usually more randomly distributed. In the stomach of rabbits and pigs, somatostatin cells are more numerous in the oxyntic gland area than in the pyloric gland area, whereas the reverse is true for the cat, dog and man. In the cat, pig and man, somatostatin cells are fairly numerous in the duodenum, whereas in the rat, rabbit and dog they are few in this location. In the remainder of the intestines somatostatin cells are few but regularly observed. Somatostatin cells are numerous in the human fetal pancreas and gut. In the fetal rat, somatostatin cells first appear in the pancreas and duodenum (at about the 16–17th day of gestation) and subsequently in the remainder of the intestine. Somatostatin cells do not appear in the gastric mucosa until after birth. Three weeks after birth, somatostatin cells show the adult frequency of occurrence and pattern of distribution. In the chicken, somatostatin cells are numerous in the proventriculus, absent from the gizzard, abundant in the gizzard-duodenal junction (antrum), infrequent in the duodenum and virtually absent from the remainder of the intestines. No immunoreactive cells can be observed in the thyroid of any species nor in the ultimobranchial gland of the chicken. In the chick embryo, somatostatin cells are first detected in the pancreas and proventriculus (at about the 12th day of incubation). They appear in the remainder of the gut much later, in the duodenum at the 16th day, in the antrum at about the 19th day and still later in the lower small intestine. The ultrastructure of the somatostatin cells was studied in the chicken, rat, cat and man; the cells were identified by the consecutive semithin/ultrathin section technique. The somatostatin cells display the properties of the D cell. There was no difference in granule ultrastructure between somatostatin cells in the gut and the pancreas. The granules, which are the storage site of the peptide, are round, supplied with a tightly fitting membrane and have a moderately electron-dense, fine-granulated core. The mean diameter of the somatostatin granules is smallest in rat (155–170 nm) and largest in the chicken (270–290 nm).
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    Localization of a peptide identified by antibodies to gastrin/CCK in the gut of Cancer magister (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 113-119 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Gastrointestinal hormones ; Neuropeptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cuticle ; Cancer magister
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A gastric peptide from the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), extracted and characterized previously (Larson and Vigna 1983b), was localized in the foregut (stomach) of this species by immunocytochemistry using antisera specific for the bioactive carboxy-terminal amino acid sequence common to gastrins and cholecystokinins (CCKs). Immunoreactivity was found in all gastric epithelial cells and in the procuticle. Electron microscopy revealed an absence of peptidergic secretory granules in the gastric epithelial cells. The pattern of immunostaining suggests that the gastric epithelial cells secrete this peptide apically where it is incorporated into the cuticle lining the lumen. Specific immunostaining could not be demonstrated in various neural ganglia or in the hypodermis. The distribution of this peptide is different from that of gastrin/CCK in vertebrates and other invertebrates. This suggests that the crab gastric peptide is sufficiently similar to gastrin/CCK to react with C-terminal specific antisera, but may be anatomically, functionally, and possibly phylogenetically otherwise unrelated.
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    Somatostatin in the brain and the pituitary of some teleosts (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 289-296 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin (SRIF) ; Brain ; Pituitary gland ; Immunocytochemistry ; Teleosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical investigations show that somatostatin (SRIF)-like immunoreactive material is present in the brain and the pituitary of nine different species of teleosts. In the brain, immunoreactive perikarya and fibers are observed in the preoptic periventricular nucleus, the entopeduncular nucleus, the anterior periventricular nucleus, and the nucleus lateralis tuberis. In the pituitary, SRIF-like-immunoreactive fibers occur in the proximal pars distalis (PPD), which contains the growth hormone (GH)-secreting cells. Nerve fibers are scattered among GH cells (cyprinids), or end on the basal lamina at the neuroglandular interface of the PPD (eel, salmonids). In the eel, the proximal neurohypophysis does not penetrate deeply into the PPD that is very poorly vascularized. In some species, e.g. Myoxocephalus, SRIF-like immunoreactive fibers are also observed in the caudal neurohypophysis, and even among MSH cells of the pars intermedia. In long-term starved carps and eels, the amount of SRIF-like material in the pituitary is clearly reduced. A possible role of SRIF in the concomitant stimulation of GH cells is discussed.
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    Immimocytological localization of a somatostatin-like substance in the brain of the giant slug, Limax maximus L. (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 349-353 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Slug brain ; Somatostatin-like material ; Maturation hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytological tests reveal the presence of a somatostatin-like substance in perikarya and axons in the brain of the giant slug Limax maximus L. Controls carried out on adjacent sections with absorbed antiserum or different antibodies raised against several biologically active peptides of vertebrates (ACTH-17-39, α- and β endorphin, α- and β MSH, methionin-enkephalin, TRH) demonstrate the specificity of the “staining”. However, some cells are both somatostatin- and FMRF-amide-positive. In the cerebral ganglia, the right Z-area cells, responsible for the synthesis of the maturation hormone (MH) are strongly somatostatin-positive. These results suggest a similarity between the MH and the somatostatin-like material contained in the Z-area cells. The simultaneous presence of two peptides in one and the same cell, the nature (elementary granules or soluble product) of the material, and its site of release are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217307
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of peptidergic neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the flatworm Microstomum lineare with antiserum to FMRF-amide (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 431-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRF-amide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; Microstomum lineare (Turbellaria)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of the flatworm Microstomum lineare were studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical method, with the use of antisera to the molluscan cardioactive peptide FMRF-amide. FMRF-amide immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibres are observed in the CNS and the PNS. In the CNS, immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibres occur in the brain, in the epithelial lining and the mesenchymal surroundings of the ciliated pits, and positive fibres in the longitudinal nerve cords. In the PNS, immunoreactive fibre bundles with variocosities occur in the pharyngeal nerve ring, in symmetrical groups of perikarya on each side of the pharynx, and in the mouth area. Positive perikarya and meandering nerve fibres appear in the intestinal wall. A few immunoreactive cells and short nerve processes are observed at the male copulatory organ and on both sides of the vagina. Some immunoreactive peptidergic cells do not correspond to cells previously identified by histological techniques for neurosecretory cells. The distribution of immunoreactivity suggests that the FMRF-amide-like substance in CNS and PNS in this worm has roles similar to those of the brain-gut peptides in vertebrates. The status of FMRF-amide-like peptides as representatives of an evolutionarily old family of peptides is confirmed by the positive immunoreaction to anti-FMRF-amide in this primitive microturbellarian.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219857
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    Developmental correlation between hypothalamic somatostatin and hypophysial growth hormone (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 202 (1979), S. 251-261 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Growth hormone ; Mouse Fetus ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective of the present study was to determine, by means of immunocytochemistry, the age in fetal development at which GH is first detectable in the pituitary gland and somatostatin in the median eminence, and to correlate temporally the development of these two hormones throughout the remainder of pregnancy. Mice were studied at 15–19 days of gestation with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique of Sternberger. Somatotropes in the pars distalis were initially detected at 16 days of gestation and by 17 days they were a prominent component of the parenchymal cell population of the hypophysis. These cells were ovoid and distributed uniformly throughout the pars distalis; many were located adjacent to sinusoidal capillaries. Their number and staining intensity increased by 19 days. Somatostatin was not consistently observed in the median eminence until 19 days of gestation. Reaction product indicative of the presence of somatostatin in presumptive nerve endings was located on the ventral surface of the median eminence and in the external lamina of the infundibulum in proximity to the superficial portal capillaries. Results of the present investigation support the concept that the potential for neuroendocrine control of GH secretion exists in the mouse by the end of fetal development. Several hypotheses concerning the temporal relationship between the appearance of somatostatin in the hypothalamus and of GH in the anterior pituitary gland are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232239
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  • 95
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    Presence of β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in the anterior pituitary gland of rat and man and evidence for the differential localization with ACTH (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 577-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary ; Corticotrophs ; Immunocytochemistry ; Growth hormone ; Prolactin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two antisera, Y-10 and Y-18 were raised in rabbits against synthetic human β-endorphin conjugated to bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet haemocyanin respectively. Antiserum Y-10 has been shown by radioimmunoassay to be highly specific for human β-endorphin with minimal or no cross-reactivity against other pituitary peptides whilst antiserum Y-18 crossreacted on an equimolar basis against β-endorphin and β-lipotropin. When used in the immunohistochemical procedure, both antisera specifically stained the corticotrophs in human anterior pituitary tissue. A similar effect was observed when antiserum Y-18 was applied to rat anterior pituitary tissue in the immunohistochemical procedure. Y-10 antiserum, on the other hand, stained not only rat corticotrophs but also somatotrophs. The somatotrophin staining could not be attributed to the enkephalins reported to be present in these cells. The non-specific β-endorphin antiserum Y-18 was used to stain anterior pituitaries from dehydrated and adrenalectomized rats as well as rats of the Brattleboro strain. In tissues from the three experimental animals, cells that stained positively for β-endorphin did not give a positive immunoreaction for ACTH and vice versa in some other sections. It is concluded that under the physiological conditions, formalin fixation of the tissue causes the proopiocortin molecule to be “trapped” in a conformation such that either ACTH or β-endorphin-like determinants are available for reacting with the appropriate antiserum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233533
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  • 96
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    Immunoreactive substance P in the chicken gut: Distribution, development and possible functional significance (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 455-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Substance P ; Chicken gut ; Radioimmunoassay ; Immunocytochemistry ; Smooth muscle motility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and cellular localization of substance P in the chicken gut was studied by immunocytochemistry and immunochemistry. Substance P-containing nerve fibers are numerous in the gut wall. They occur in the smooth muscle layer as well as in the mucosa, where they are associated with blood vessels or surround the intestinal crypts. The fibers are particularly numerous in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses, where substance P-containing nerve-cell perikarya are also encountered. Substance P was found also in scattered endocrine cells of the small intestine, caeca and colon. Previously, bombesin-containing cells, which are numerous in the proventriculus, have been mistakenly identified as substance P cells due to crossreactivity of certain antisera against substance P. Immunochemistry revealed the highest concentration of substance P in the duodenum. The gel chromatographic behavior of chicken substance P differs slightly from that of synthetic bovine substance P, suggesting that chicken substance P differs structurally from mammalian substance P. Substance P-containing nerve fibers in the chicken gut develop slowly after hatching, apparently beginning in the duodenum; at approximately 20 weeks after hatching the distribution pattern is fully developed. A functional investigation was performed on the isolated chicken caecum to clarify the role of substance P in the contractile behavior of smooth muscle. Substance P contracted the caecum over a wide dose range; the contractile response was greater in 20 week-old chickens than in 4 and 10 week-old animals. Electrical field stimulation caused a relaxation of the caecum and a contraction upon cessation of stimulation. Neither of these responses, both of which are neurally mediated, were inhibited by adrenergic and cholinergic blockade. It is conceivable that the contractile response following electrical stimulation is caused by substance P released from nerve fibers in the smooth muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238643
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  • 97
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    Localisation of pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like immunoreactive material in neurones of the brain of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala (Diptera) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like material ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neuropeptides ; Neurosecretory cells ; Calliphora erythrocephala
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brain of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala, has been studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method, with the use of antibodies to bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP). A number of immunoreactive neurones have been localised, some corresponding to neurones previously identified tentatively as neurosecretory. This finding is further evidence that biologically active peptides, previously considered to be “vertebrate”, also exist in invertebrates. It also supports the concept of their evolutionary origin in nervous tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232146
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    The topography of mesotocin and vasotocin systems in the brain of the domestic mallard and japanese quail: Immunocytochemical identification (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 37-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mesotocin neurons ; Vasotocin neurons ; Avian hypothalamus ; Preoptic area ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurosecretory systems producing mesotocin (MT) and vasotocin (VT) (the avian homologues of oxytocin and vasopressin, respectively) were characterized in the brains of the domestic mallard and Japanese quail by means of indirect immunofluorescence techniques using specific antisera. In the anterior preoptic region, including the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, and at different levels of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, separate mesotocin- and vasotocin-producing neurons were identified. Mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic neurons were also located in the tuberomammillary area, among the ectomammillary tract fibers. The supraoptico-neurohypophysial tract, formed by vasotocin- and mesotocincontaining axons, enters the internal zone of the median eminence and ends in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. The external zone of the rostral median eminence appears to contain vasotocin and mesotocin fibers, which terminate in close contact with the capillaries of the hypophysial portal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236919
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  • 99
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    Comparative immunocytochemical localization of prolactin and somatotropin in the pituitaries of Lepidosiren paradoxa, Rana temporaria and Ambystoma mexicanum (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 127-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Immunocytochemistry ; Prolactin ; Somatotropin ; Lepidosiren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular binding sites of anti-oPRL IgG and anti-bSTH IgG were demonstrated in the pituitary glands of Lepidosiren paradoxa, Rana temporaria and Ambystoma mexicanum by means of the unlabeled antibody enzyme method by light and electron microscopy (the latter only in Lepidosiren). With the light microscope PRL or PRL-like substances and STH or STH-like substances were revealed in two different cell types in the distal lobe corresponding to the acidophils. However, as a result of the insufficient differentiation of the acidophils in Lepidosiren after staining with Brookes' procedure it was not possible to distinguish the two types of acidophils in this animal. Treatment with low dilutions of both anti-oPRL and anti-bSTH IgG revealed simultaneous immunocytochemical staining in both types of acidophils in Lepidosiren and in Rana. These results, indicating that there is antigenic cross-reaction between anti-oPRL and anti-bSTH IgG and both PRL and STH in these animals, are discussed. The electron microscopic investigations of Lepidosiren revealed that the specific anti-oPRL IgG reactive cells contain granules ranging in size from 200 to 300 nm, while the specific anti-bSTH IgG reactive cells contain smaller immunoreactive granules ranging from 80 to 160nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233832
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  • 100
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    Immunocytochemical evidence for the involvement of golgi apparatus in the deposition of seed lectin ofBauhinia purpurea (Leguminosae) (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 121 (1984), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bauhinia purpurea ; Colloidial gold ; Golgi apparatus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin ; Lowicryl K4M ; Protein body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The seed lectin of the tree legume,Bauhinia purpurea alba, was localized by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. The pattern of lectin deposition and site of intracellular localization was examined in mid- to late-maturation seeds. The seed tissue was embedded in Lowicryl K4M, the use of which with seed tissues is discussed. Immunocytochemical labeling was accomplished with colloidal gold coupled to a second antibody. The immunocytochemical reaction was specific and sensitive. Protein bodies, Golgi apparatus and Golgi secretion vesicles were densely labeled. Golgi apparatus was oriented such that Golgi secretion vesicles were in close proximity to the protein bodies. The entire Golgi apparatus was labeled with no concentration gradient across the Golgi stack. These observations indicate that the final site of lectin deposition is the protein body, and that the Golgi apparatus plays an essential role in the deposition process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282309
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