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  • Haplorhini
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (69)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • American Physical Society
  • 1980-1984  (29)
  • 1975-1979  (40)
  • 1945-1949
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (69)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • American Physical Society
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Year
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 9;226(4675):679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6436976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/parasitology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Child, Preschool ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Infant ; Malaria/*prevention & control ; Mice ; Plasmodium/drug effects/growth & development ; Plasmodium falciparum/immunology ; *Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: Antisera to a synthetic c-myc peptide and to c-myc antigens synthesized from various portions of the human gene expressed in Escherichia coli were used in order to characterize the protein product of the human c-myc oncogene. Although the deduced molecular weight of the human c-myc protein is 49,000, these antisera precipitate a protein from human cells that migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel as if its molecular weight were 65,000. In addition, the mouse c-myc protein, whether synthesized in cells or in a cell-free system directed by pure, synthetic messenger RNA, has analogous properties and is immunoprecipitated by the antiserum to the human c-myc protein. Similar proteins are immunoprecipitated from monkey, rat, hamster, and frog cells, suggesting evolutionary conservation of antigenic structure of the c-myc protein among vertebrates. In addition, and in a manner consistent with the behavior of its messenger RNA, the immunoprecipitable c-myc protein is sharply induced by the action of mitogens on resting human T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Persson, H -- Hennighausen, L -- Taub, R -- DeGrado, W -- Leder, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):687-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6431612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neoplasm/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Division ; Chickens ; Cricetinae ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Molecular Weight ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; *Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1460-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6433484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/drug effects/*enzymology/metabolism ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Mice ; Monoamine Oxidase/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*chemically induced ; Pyridines/*metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1083-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6426059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease/*etiology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/etiology ; Pyridines/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 10;225(4662):607-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6429857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface/*genetics/immunology ; *Cloning, Molecular ; *Genes ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Malaria/*immunology ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics/immunology ; *Protozoan Proteins
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1984-02-17
    Description: Ribose is cardioprotective in the rat in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. The metabolic basis for this effect is the low capacity of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in the myocardium. Ribose bypasses this pathway, elevates the available pool of 5-phosphoribosyl-l-pyrophosphate, and thus stimulates the biosynthesis of adenine nucleotides. In this study reported here the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate shunt, was very low in the human heart and was of the same order of magnitude in the myocardium of various animal species. Furthermore, ribose had a similar stimulating effect on myocardial adenine nucleotide biosynthesis in the guinea pig, in which hemodynamic parameters are different from those in the rat. It is concluded that the metabolic basis for the effectiveness of ribose is similar in all species investigated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, H G -- Ibel, H -- Suchner, U -- Schad, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 17;223(4637):712-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6420889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Dogs ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Heart/drug effects/*physiology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pentosephosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Ribose/*pharmacology ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: Bone morphogenetic protein and bone-derived growth factors are biochemical tools for research on induced cell differentiation and local mechanisms controlling cell proliferation. Bone morphogenetic protein irreversibly induces differentiation of perivascular mesenchymal-type cells into osteoprogenitor cells. Bone-derived growth factors are secreted by and for osteoprogenitor cells and stimulate DNA synthesis. Bone generation and regeneration are attributable to the co-efficiency of bone morphogenetic protein and bone-derived growth factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Urist, M R -- DeLange, R J -- Finerman, G A -- DEO2103-17/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):680-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Development ; Bone Matrix/drug effects/physiology ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Bone Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Cattle ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Dogs ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Mice ; *Osteogenesis ; Osteosarcoma/physiopathology ; Proteins/pharmacology/physiology ; Rabbits ; Rats
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*chemically induced ; Pyridines/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects/physiopathology ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6408734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Fetus/*surgery ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Neural Tube Defects/*surgery ; Pregnancy
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-06-24
    Description: Human G gamma-globin genes containing tandem duplications of the donor (5') or acceptor (3') RNA splice sites of the second intervening sequence were constructed in order to ascertain the directionality of RNA splice site selection. These genes were introduced into cultured monkey cells, and their transcripts were analyzed. Transcripts of these duplication variants were spliced only at the proximal copy of the duplicated splice sites. These data are consistent with a 5' leads to 3' model of splice site selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lang, K M -- Spritz, R A -- AM28598/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 24;220(4604):1351-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Globins/genetics ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Plasmids ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/physiology ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1318.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6140756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Memory/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Rabbits
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):40-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy ; Cyclosporins/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Graft Rejection/drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular/drug effects ; Parasitic Diseases/drug therapy ; Rats ; Transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):633.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6408737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Dogs ; Goats ; Haplorhini ; *Legislation as Topic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Swine ; United States
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-04-23
    Description: Although several studies of Alzheimer's disease suggest that the frequency of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex is correlated with the severity of dementia and with reduction in presynaptic cholinergic markers in the cortex, the relationship between cholinergic cortical innervation and the pathogenesis of plaques is unknown. The hypothesis was tested that the neurites in the plaque consist, in part, of presynaptic cholinergic axons, many of which arise from neurons in the basal forebrain. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing the character and distribution of plaques in monkeys, aged 4 to 31 years, with staining for acetylcholin-esterase and also with Congo red and silver stains. Immature and mature plaques were rich in acetylcholinesterase. As the plaques matured, the amount of amyloid increased, and the number of neurites and the activity of acetylcholinesterase decreased. End-stage amyloid-rich plaques lacked acetylcholinesterase. These observations indicate that changes in cortical cholinergic innervation are an important feature in the pathogenesis and evolution of the neuritic plaque.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Struble, R G -- Cork, L C -- Whitehouse, P J -- Price, D L -- NS 07179/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 15721/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):413-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6803359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/*metabolism ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/*pathology ; Amyloid/*metabolism ; Animals ; Dementia/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Nerve Degeneration ; Neurons/metabolism
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):457-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6812219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Color Perception/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: Most models of the saccadic eye movement system imply that saccades are programmed for a certain distance and direction. Electrical stimulation of the brain was used to move the eyes of monkeys just before saccades to visual targets. Despite the stimulation-induced perturbation, saccades brought gaze to the target locations. This compensation indicates that saccades are coded to direct the eyes to a certain position in the orbit (or in space).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mays, L E -- Sparks, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1163-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6769161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; *Eye Movements ; Feedback ; Haplorhini ; Macaca ; Orientation/physiology ; Retina/*physiology ; *Saccades ; Space Perception/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/physiology
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: Autoradiographic and biochemical analyses of the hearts of female rhesus monkeys and baboons indicate that atrial and ventricular myocardial cells contain androgen receptors. Although the specific effects of nuclear uptake and retention of androgen on the function of heart muscle cells are not known, the presence of this receptor suggests that sex steroid hormones may affect myocardial function directly and may explain some of the peculiar differences in heart disease between men and women.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGill, H C Jr -- Anselmo, V C -- Buchanan, J M -- Sheridan, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6766222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/*metabolism ; Animals ; Coronary Disease/*etiology ; Dihydrotestosterone/metabolism ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Kinetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Papio ; Receptors, Androgen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/*metabolism ; Sex Factors
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-09-19
    Description: Transfection of cultured monkey kidney cells with recombinant DNA constructed with a cloned Escherichia coli gene that codes for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and several different SV40 DNA-based vectors, results in the synthesis of readily measurable quantities of the bacterial enzyme. Moreover, the physiological defect in purine nucleotide synthesis characteristic of human Lesch-Nyhan cells can be overcome by the introduction of the bacterial gene into these cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mulligan, R C -- Berg, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1422-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6251549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli ; *Genes ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome/*genetics ; Pentosyltransferases/*genetics ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1980-01-11
    Description: A strain of type 2 human rotavirus (Wa) was grown to relatively high titer through 14 passages in primary cultures of African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells. This passage series was initiated with virus that had been passaged 11 times serially in newborn gnotobiotic piglets. In contrast, virus present in the stool of patient Wa as well as virus from the first, second, or third passage in piglets could not be propagated successfully in African green monkey kidney cells. Prior to each passage in cell culture, the virus was treated with trypsin and the inoculated cultures were centrifuged at low speed. Cultivation of a type 2 human rotavirus should aid attempts to characterize this virus and to develop a means of immunoprophylaxis for a serious diarrheal disease of human infants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyatt, R G -- James, W D -- Bohl, E H -- Theil, K W -- Saif, L J -- Kalica, A R -- Greenberg, H B -- Kapikian, A Z -- Chanock, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):189-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6243190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Diarrhea, Infantile/microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Infant ; RNA Viruses/*growth & development ; Rotavirus/*growth & development/immunology ; Swine
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Vasomotor activity in cutaneous tail veins was indexed by changes in local skin temperature during exposure of the whole body to 12.3-centimeter continuous microwaves. At an ambient temperature (26 degrees C) just below that at which tail vessels normally vasodilate, criterion dilation was initiated by 5-minute exposures to a microwave power density of 8 milliwatts per square centimeter. This intensity deposits energy equivalent to approximately 20 percent of the monkey's resting metabolic rate but produces no observable change in deep body temperature. Intensity increments of 3 to 4 milliwatts per square centimeter for 1 degree C reductions in ambient temperature below 26 degrees C produced identical responses. That no vasodilation occurred during infrared exposures of equivalent power density suggests that noncutaneous thermosensitive structures may mediate microwave activation of thermoregulatory responses in the peripheral vasomotor system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adair, E R -- Adams, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1381-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6766567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Temperature Regulation/radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Environment ; Haplorhini ; Hot Temperature ; Male ; *Microwaves ; Regional Blood Flow/radiation effects ; Saimiri ; Tail/blood supply ; Vasodilation/*radiation effects
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-01-04
    Description: Neurons in the visual cortex of monkeys and cats have been characterized as either (i) bar and edge detectors or (ii) cells selective for certain spatial frequencies. To assess which of these functional descriptions is more accurate, we measured (i) the selectivity and (ii) the responsivity-sensitivity of these neurons to bars of various widths and gratings of various spatial frequencies. All of the cells recorded from were considerably more selective along the dimension of spatial frequency than along the dimension of bar width. Further, most were more responsive and sensitive to the grating of optimal frequency than to the bar of optimal width.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Albrecht, D G -- De Valois, R L -- Thorell, L G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 4;207(4426):88-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6765993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials ; Form Perception/physiology ; Haplorhini ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: During an infant monkey's first 28 postnatal weeks, the visual contrast sensitivity function develops its characteristic adult form. Contrast sensitivity is depressed relative to that of the adult for all spatial frequencies during the early postnatal weeks. Absolute sensitivity to frequencies below 5 cycles per degree approaches adult levels by 20 weeks after birth, whereas sensitivity to fine spatial detail continues to develop through 28 weeks. The results imply that the development of primate spatial vision is more complex than just an improvement in the ability to resolve acuity gratings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boothe, R G -- Williams, R A -- Kiorpes, L -- Teller, D Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1290-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6769162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Form Perception/physiology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/growth & development/*physiology ; *Visual Acuity ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T A 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 3;210(4465):44-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6774417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antilymphocyte Serum/therapeutic use ; Blood Transfusion ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cyclosporins ; Drainage ; *Graft Survival/drug effects ; Haplorhini ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunosuppression/*methods ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Infection Control ; Kidney Transplantation ; Lung Transplantation ; Lymphatic System/radiation effects ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Mice ; Peptides, Cyclic/therapeutic use ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology ; Thoracic Duct/surgery ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: Homologous sperm and ova of either squirrel monkeys or hamsters were placed in the oviducts of pseudopregnant rabbits. Xenogenous fertilization rates of 36 and 60 percent were obtained for squirrel monkey and hamster gametes, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeMayo, F J -- Mizoguchi, H -- Dukelow, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1468-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6770463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cricetinae ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Haplorhini ; Oviducts/*physiology ; Ovum/*transplantation ; Saimiri ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: In humans and rhesus monkeys, dexamethasone decreased concentrations of plasma cortisol but did not alter circulating beta-endorphin immunoreactivity. Contrary to current theory suggesting that pituitary beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropic hormone are controlled by identical regulatory mechanisms for synthesis and release, our evidence suggests that in higher primates the established glucocorticoid feedback mechanism for the adrenocorticotropic hormone-cortisol system does not regulate beta-endorphin secretion in the same way.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalin, N H -- Risch, S C -- Cohen, R M -- Insel, T -- Murphy, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):827-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/secretion ; Adult ; Animals ; Dexamethasone/*pharmacology ; Endorphins/*blood/secretion ; Feedback ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/secretion ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Stress, Physiological/blood
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: In rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic lesions (which appear to abolish the endogenous production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone), normal ovulatory mestrual cycles were reestablished by an unvarying, long-term replacement regimen consisting of one intravenous pulse of synthetic gonadotropic-releasing hormone per hour. This finding is in accord with the hypothesis that the pattern of pituitary gonadotropin secretion throughout the menstrual cycle (basal secretion interrupted, once every 28 days on the average, by a preovulatory surge) is not directed by alterations in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion but by the ebb and flow of ovarian estrogens acting directly on the pituitary gland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knobil, E -- Plant, T M -- Wildt, L -- Belchetz, P E -- Marshall, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1371-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6766566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; *Menstruation/drug effects ; Pituitary Gland/physiology ; Species Specificity
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-29
    Description: Prostaglandins of the A series strongly inhibit the production of Sendai virus in African green monkey kidney cells and are able to prevent the establishment of persistent infection ("carrier" state). This action is specific for prostaglandin A and is not due to alteration in the host cell metabolism or in the virus infectivity. The possibility that this effect is mediated by interferon is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Santoro, M G -- Benedetto, A -- Carruba, G -- Garaci, E -- Jaffe, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 29;209(4460):1032-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6157190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Haplorhini ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/*drug effects ; Prostaglandins/pharmacology ; Prostaglandins A/*pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thromboxanes/pharmacology ; Virus Replication/*drug effects
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: A rhesus monkey correctly recognized 86 and 81 percent of 10- and 20-item lists, respectively. It serial position curve was similar in form to a human's curve, revealing prominent primacy and recency effects. The key to these findings was in minimizing proactive interference through the use of a large pool of 211 color photographs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sands, S F -- Wright, A A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):938-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6773143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Methods ; Retention (Psychology)/*physiology
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-10
    Description: Color-opponent ganglion cells in the monkey retina respond to luminance flicker at high temporal frequencies. Color opponency, which makes these cells so selective of wavelength at low temporal frequencies, is progressively lost at high frequencies. This loss is due to a frequency-dependent phase shift between the responses of spectrally different center and surround mechanisms in the receptive field of each of these cells. Center and surround responses, which are antagonistic at low temporal frequencies, become synergistic at high ones, making these cells most responsive at high frequencies to those wavelengths to which they are least responsive at low frequencies. This phenomenon can explain the differences between chromatic and luminance flicker in human vision.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gouras, P -- Zrenner, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 10;205(4406):587-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Color ; Ganglia/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Light ; Retina/*physiology ; *Vision, Ocular
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 1979-10-12
    Description: Dendritic branching in Purkinje and granule cells and the diameters of Purkinje cell somas were compared in several cerebellar areas of monkeys reared in isolation, with social experience, or in a large colony. In the colony-reared monkeys, spiny branchlets of Purkinje cells were more extensive in the paraflocculus and the nodulus than they were in the other two groups. Granule cell dendritic branching in the paraflocculus and nodulus did not differ across groups. In addition, Purkinje cell somas were larger in the uvula and the nodulus of the colony animals than in the other groups. These data indicate that the social and physical environment during development influences the morphology of cerebellar Purkinje cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Floeter, M K -- Greenough, W T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 12;206(4415):227-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/113873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Cerebellum/*growth & development ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Environment ; Haplorhini ; Macaca fascicularis ; Movement ; Purkinje Cells/*cytology
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):985-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/112680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/physiopathology ; Animals ; Behavior/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Brain/*growth & development ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Preoptic Area/growth & development ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/metabolism
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 1979-04-13
    Description: The anterior cingulate cortex receives thalamic afferents mainly from the midline and intralaminar nuclei rather than the anterior thalamic nuclei. In contrast, the posterior cingulate cortex receives afferents primarily from the anterior thalamic nuclei and from extensive cortical areas in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. These contrasting afferents may provide a structural basis for pain-related functions of the anterior cingulate cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogt, B A -- Rosene, D L -- Pandya, D N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 13;204(4389):205-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/107587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/cytology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*cytology/physiology ; Haplorhini ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Macaca mulatta ; Thalamic Nuclei/*cytology
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: Monkeys of four species were trained to discriminate between sets of natural tonal calls of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) by the position of a frequency-inflection peak or by initial pitch. The Japanese macaques consistently performed best on peak position and the other species on pitch. The results imply special strategies for perceptional processing of vocal sounds and suggest parallels with human speech perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zoloth, S R -- Petersen, M R -- Beecher, M D -- Green, S -- Marler, P -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):870-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/108805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-03
    Description: The contrast sensitivity of the rhesus monkey was tested, according to a modified reaction-time paradigm, for sine-wave grating targets at different orientations. The monkey possesses an oblique effect slightly larger than that of humans. A reaction time analysis showed the oblique effect to be a suprathreshold as well as a threshold phenomenon. The presence of this effect further strengthens the use of the monkey as a model for the human visual system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boltz, R L -- Harwerth, R S -- Smith, E L 3rd -- R01 EY001139/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 3;205(4405):511-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Species Specificity ; *Visual Perception
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Discharges of Purkinje cells were recorded from the vermis, lobules VI and VII, of a monkey trained to track a visual target. When the monkey tracked a sinusoidally oscillating target, cellular activity changes in phase with the velocity signal of the eye movement. When the monkey fixated a stationary point, almost identical modulation in activity occurred, reflecting the velocity signal of the motion of the retinal image of the target. The data suggest that the vermis participates in the control of smooth pursuit eye movements by providing the oculomotor system with the actual target velocity information which is the sum of eye velocity and retinal image velocity signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kase, M -- Noda, H -- Suzuki, D A -- Miller, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):717-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/111350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Eye Movements ; Haplorhini ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Proprioception ; Purkinje Cells/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-10
    Description: The subicular cortices of the primate hippocampal formation form a physical and connectional link between the cortex of the temporal lobe and the hippocampus. Their direct connections with all classes of cortex in the temporal lobe except primary sensory cortex underscore the pivotal role of these areas in the potential interplay between the hippocampal formation and the association cortices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Hoesen, G W -- Rosene, D L -- Mesulam, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 10;205(4406):608-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Haplorhini ; Hippocampus/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Temporal Lobe/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: The effect of physostigmine on recent memory was evaluated in young and aged rhesus monkeys. All aged monkeys had previously shown impaired memory. The performance of the young monkeys treated with physostigmine was similar to that recently reported for young humans--no effects at low doses, some improvement at a restricted range of doses, and deficits at the highest dose. Although the aged subjects also improved at the same general doses, their overall response as a group was much more variable than that of the younger subjects. The performance of some aged monkeys was impaired by low doses that did not affect young monkeys. Continued improvement was observed in some aged monkeys at the highest dose, which typically impaired young monkeys. These variable effects across aged subjects suggest that physostigmine cannot easily or reliably be used as an agent for treating geriatric cognition. Nevertheless, the differential age-related effects suggest that appropriate manipulation of the cholinergic system may eventually be developed to alleviate some of the cognitive impairments suffered by aged subjects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartus, R T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1087-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/227061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Aging ; Animals ; Cognition/physiology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Memory Disorders/drug therapy ; Memory, Short-Term/drug effects ; Physostigmine/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: Competition assays for estradiol receptors in cytosol preparations of uteri from rhesus monkeys and humans showed that delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) does not compete with estradiol for intracellular estrogen recptors. Although isotopically labeled THC bound to macromolecules in uterine cytosol from the rhesus monkey, the binding was not displaced by unlabeled THC, diethylstilbestrol, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, or 5 alpha-dihydrostestosterone. Scatchard analyses indicated that high-affinity saturable binding of THC to cytosol did not occur. Thus the inhibitory effect of THC on gonadotropin and steroid secretion in primates is not mediated by the interaction of THC with intracellular steroid hormone receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, R G -- Besch, N F -- Besch, P K -- Smith, C G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):325-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/107589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Diethylstilbestrol/metabolism ; Dronabinol/*pharmacology ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/*drug effects/metabolism ; Steroids/metabolism ; Uterus/*metabolism
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: A type C retrovirus was isolated from a continuous cell line established from a spontaneous esophageal carcinoma of a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulata) by prolonged cocultivation with canine cells. A DNA transcript of the viral RNA hybridized to a high level and kinetic analysis indicated the presence of multiple copies of the viral genome in rhesus monkey DNA, showing that the virus is endogenous in this species. The rhesus monkey virus closely resembles, in several respects, an endogenous type C virus previously isolated from stumptailed macques (Macaca arctoides), aa species closely related to rhesus monkeys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rabin, H -- Benton, C V -- Tainsky, M A -- Rice, N R -- Gilden, R V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):841-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/87013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*microbiology ; Macaca mulatta/*microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Retroviridae/enzymology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Viral Proteins/analysis/immunology
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: Using an immunocytochemical method for the localization of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), we have observed GABAergic nerve terminals distributed throughout all layers of normal monkey sensorimotor cortex. These terminals displayed ultrastructural characteristics that suggested that they arose from aspinous and sparsely spinous stellate neurons. In monkeys (Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis) made epileptic by cortical application of alumina gel, a highly significant numerical decrease of GAD-positive nerve terminals occurred at sites of seizure foci indicating a functional loss of GABAergic inhibitory synapses. A loss of such inhibition at seizure foci could lead to epileptic activity of cortical pyramidal neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ribak, C E -- Harris, A B -- Vaughn, J E -- Roberts, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):211-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Epilepsies, Partial/*physiopathology ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/*metabolism ; Glutamates/metabolism ; Haplorhini ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; Motor Cortex/metabolism ; Nerve Endings/enzymology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-02
    Description: Two parallel neural pathways are primarily responsible for the control of saccadic eye movements--one mediated through the frontal eye fields and the other through the superior colliculus. When both pathways are disrupted, control of saccadic eye movements is lost. Disruption of either pathway alone produces only subtle deficits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiller, P H -- True, S D -- Conway, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 2;206(4418):590-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/115091" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; *Eye Movements ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Reflex/physiology ; Saccades ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: Squirrel monkeys self-administered cocaine by pressing a lever while under a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. At the same time, they terminated the availability of self-administered cocaine by pressing a second lever while under a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. The maintenance of behavior by schedule drug injections and by termination of scheduled drug injections, usually considered to be processes associated with different classes of drugs, can occur simultaneously when behavior is controlled by different contingencies associated with a single drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spealman, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1231-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/109920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Saimiri ; Self Administration/psychology ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 16;203(4385):1139-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/106469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta/physiology ; Male ; Pheromones ; Smell/*physiology
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 1979-08-31
    Description: Depletion of dopamine in a circumscribed area of association cortex in rhesus monkeys produces an impairment in spatial delayed alternation performance nearly as severe as that caused by surgical ablation of the same area. This behavioral deficit can be pharmacologically reversed with dopamine agonists such as L-dopa and apomorphine. These data provide direct evidence that dopamine plays an important role in a specific cortical function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brozoski, T J -- Brown, R M -- Rosvold, H E -- Goldman, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):929-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/112679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/drug effects/*physiology ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Haplorhini ; Levodopa/pharmacology ; Macaca mulatta ; Norepinephrine/physiology
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 24;205(4408):770-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/111351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Defoliants, Chemical/*poisoning ; Dioxins/*poisoning ; Haplorhini ; Herbicides/*poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; *Military Medicine ; Vietnam
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-02-02
    Description: Responses of single units in primary motor and sensory cortex of behaving primates to electromagnetic stretch of the muscle flexor carpi ulnaris are comparable in latency and intensity to responses to wrist extension. Thus, muscle stretch appears to be a major factor in cortical response to limb displacement during performance and probably has an important role in motor control at the cortical level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolpaw, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 2;203(4379):465-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/104385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arm ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; *Movement ; Muscles/*innervation ; Neurons/physiology ; Proprioception
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Autoradiographic representation of the local rates of cerebral glucose utilization and local cerebral functional activity by means of the [14C]deoxyglucose technique reveals the existence of the ocular dominance columns in the striate cortex of the monkey in the first day of life. In contrast to the stability of these columns in more mature brain, monocular deprivation for 3 months from the first day of life results in their complete disappearance and a reversion of the autoradiographic pattern to that seen in animals with normal binocular vision. These results are consistent with a reorganization of the representation of the visual fields of the two eyes in the striate cortex and provide additional evidence of the plasticity of the striate cortex of the monkey in early life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Des Rosiers, M H -- Sakurada, O -- Jehle, J -- Shinohara, M -- Kennedy, C -- Sokoloff, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):447-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cell Differentiation ; Deoxy Sugars/*metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/*metabolism ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Male ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Cortex/*cytology/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*cytology/physiology
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Squirrel monkeys synchronized to a 24-hour light-dark cycle show a prominent circadian rhythm in body temperature which is regulated against mild environmental cold exposures throughout the 24-hour day. However, cold exposures produce significant decreases in core body temperature when the circadian rhythms of the animal are free-running in the absence of environmental time cues. Effective thermoregulation appears to require the precise internal synchronization of the circadian timekeeping system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuller, C A -- Sulzman, F M -- Moore-Ede, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/414356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cold Temperature ; Cues ; *Environment ; Environmental Exposure ; Haplorhini ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Saimiri ; Time Factors
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1978-11-17
    Description: When the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in one hemisphere of a rhesus monkey is resected 6 weeks before birth and the fetus survives to postnatal ages, neurons of the corresponding cortex in the intact hemisphere issue a greatly expanded projection to the contralateral caudate nucleus in addition to a normal projection to the ipsilateral caudate. The enhancement of the crossed prefronto-caudate pathway after prenatal neurosurgery provides direct evidence for lesion-induced neuronal rearrangement in the primate telencephalon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):768-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/102031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Brain/embryology/growth & development ; Brain Mapping ; Cell Differentiation ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Neural Pathways/*cytology ; Synapses/*ultrastructure
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: In rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic lesions that abolish gonadotropic hormone release by the pituitary gland, the constant infusion of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fails to restore sustained gonadotropin secretion. In marked contrast, intermittent administration of the synthetic decapeptide once per hour, the physiological frequency of gonadotropin release in the monkeys, reestablishes pituitary gonadotropin secretion. This phenomenon is attributable to the pattern of GnRH delivery rather than to the amounts of this hormone to which the cells of the pituitary are exposed. Moreover, the initiation of continuous GnRH administration in animals with lesions and in which gonadotropin secretion is reestablished by intermittent GnRH replacement can result in a "desensitization" or "down regulation" of the processes responsible for gonadotropin release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Belchetz, P E -- Plant, T M -- Nakai, Y -- Keogh, E J -- Knobil, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):631-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/100883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*secretion ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Haplorhini ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Macaca mulatta ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*drug effects/secretion
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-12-15
    Description: Electron microscopic and tritiated thymidine autoradiographic analysis of the embryonic spinal cord in the rhesus monkey reveals considerable rearrangement of cellular and synaptic relationships in the posterior (sensory) quadrant during early developmental stages. This remodeling involves the death of an entire population of neurons that received synapses from sensory afferent axons and the possible relocation of these afferents upon subsequently generated viable substantia gelatinosa neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knyihar, E -- Csillik, B -- Rakic, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 15;202(4373):1206-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/103200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Cell Survival ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Gestational Age ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Spinal Cord/*embryology/ultrastructure ; Synapses/ultrastructure
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 1978-10-20
    Description: Five Japanese macaques and five other Old World monkeys were trained to discriminate among field-recorded Japanese macaque vocalizations. One task required discrimination of a communicatively relevant acoustic feature ("peak"), and a second required discrimination of an orthogonal feature of the same vocalizations ("pitch"). The Japanese animals more proficiently discriminated the peak feature when stimuli were presented to the right ear (primarily left cerebral hemisphere), as opposed to the left ear (primarily right hemisphere). In discriminating the pitch feature, the Japanese animals either showed (i) a left-ear processing advantage or (ii) no ear advantage. The comparison animals, with one exception, showed no ear advantage in processing either feature of the vocalizations. The results suggest that Japanese macaques engage left-hemisphere processors for the analysis of communicatively significant sounds that are analogous to the lateralized mechanisms used by humans listening to speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petersen, M R -- Beecher, M D -- Zoloth, S R -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Oct 20;202(4365):324-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Discrimination Learning/physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Male ; Species Specificity ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: Ejaculations decreased and mount latencies increased when intact males were paired regularly over a 3.5-year period (3180 tests) with ovariectomized females made constantly receptive by daily injections of estradiol. The deterioration in potency was abruptly and completely reversed by substituting a group of new but similarly treated females for the original ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michael, R P -- Zumpe, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ejaculation ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Pair Bond ; Periodicity ; Seasons ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Testosterone/blood ; Time Factors
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-03-31
    Description: delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the most active constituent of marihuana, decreased species-specific attack behavior in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys at doses (0.25 to 2.0 milligram per kilogram of body weight) that have no effects on other elements of the behavioral repertoire. Aggressive behavior was engendered in all three species by confronting a resident animal with an intruder conspecific. The present results contrast with the widely held belief that marihuana increases aggressive behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miczek, K A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 31;199(4336):1459-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*drug effects ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dronabinol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Saimiri ; Territoriality
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: In two cebus (Cebus albifrons) monkeys given weekly oral doses of 0.25 milligram of haloperidol per kilogram, movement disorders appeared 1 to 8 hours after drug administration following the tenth weekly dose. These disorders included oral movements, peculiar postures, writhing, and stretching. Such reactions faded in intensity after the next two doses. Increasing the dose to 0.5 milligram per kilogram has elicited the disorders reliably after each weekly dose for almost 2 years. Similar reactions also developed in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurea) treated weekly with haloperidol and in a third cebus monkey previously maintained for a year on a regimen of 0.25 milligram of haloperidol per kilogram on 5 days per week. These findings suggest an experimental model for determining the etiology of drug-induced movement disorders. They also suggest an unrecognized clinical problem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, B -- Santelli, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):799-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/417399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; *Haloperidol/administration & dosage ; Haplorhini ; Time Factors
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 1978-03-10
    Description: Three adult male rhesus monkeys were tested daily with intact adult female partners over the course of four or five mentstrual cycles. The males were made permanently anosmic by chemical ablation of the olfactory epithelium after the second or fourth cycle was completed. All males continued to display typical cycles of copulation with their partners after the anosmia procedures, with the shortest latencies to ejaculation occurring during the periovulatory phase of the partner's ovulatory cycle. Hence, female attractivity and cyclic copulatory performance of rhesus monkeys are not dependent upon olfactory signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldfoot, D A -- Essock-Vitale, S M -- Asa, C S -- Thornton, J E -- Leshner, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 10;199(4333):1095-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation/*physiology ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Menstruation ; *Odors ; Olfaction Disorders ; Vasectomy
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-08-11
    Description: Diet-induced atherosclerosis developed more extensively in vasectomized cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) than in sham-vasectomized control monkeys fed the same diet. The effect was most pronounced in the abdominal aortas, carotid arteries, distal segments of the coronary arteries, and intracranial cerebral arteries. Antibodies to sperm developed in all vasectomized monkeys, and complement and immunoglobulins were associated with atherosclerotic plaques in some of the vasectomized animals. The immunological response to sperm antigens that often accompanies vasectomy may exacerbate atherosclerosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexander, N J -- Clarkson, T B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 11;201(4355):538-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/96532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteries/immunology/pathology ; Arteriosclerosis/*etiology/immunology/pathology ; Autoantibodies ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cholesterol Esters/metabolism ; Diet, Atherogenic ; Haplorhini ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Spermatozoa/immunology ; Vasectomy/*adverse effects
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-08-11
    Description: Rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose between intravenous injections of cocaine and food reinforcement for lever pressing. A choice trial was available every 15 minutes continuously for 8 days. The animals chose cocaine almost exclusively, which resulted in high cocaine intake, decreased food intake, weight loss, and marked behavioral toxicity. The study provides evidence of the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aigner, T G -- Balster, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 11;201(4355):534-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/96531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Body Weight ; Choice Behavior/*drug effects ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Decision Making/*drug effects ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Posture ; *Reinforcement (Psychology)
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Female savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus) had a longer postpartum amenorrhea and thereafter cycled longer before conceiving if their previous infant survived than if that infant died. Among mothers of surviving infants, differences in maternal care produced differences in age of weaning and age of independence but did not result in differences in interbirth intervals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altmann, J -- Altmann, S A -- Hausfater, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1028-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea ; Animals ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Maternal Behavior ; Papio/*physiology ; *Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction ; Time Factors ; Weaning
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 3;199(4332):960-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/414357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/embryology/surgery ; Eye/embryology/innervation ; Fetus/*surgery ; Haplorhini ; Nervous System/*embryology ; Neural Pathways/embryology ; *Neurosurgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Primates/*embryology/surgery ; Research ; Visual Cortex/embryology/surgery
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: The experiments identify some of the processes underlying arm movements in rhesus monkeys. Three monkeys were trained to point to a target with the hand and forearm and to hold that position for about 1 second to obtain a reward. Forearm movements were performed without sight of the arm before and after bilateral dorsal rhizotomy. In both intact and deafferented animals, we unexpectedly displaced the forearm prior to movement initiation and observed that the arm moved accurately to the target. These results are relevant to the question of what is being controlled by motor commands. The controlled variable appears to be an equilibrium point between agonist and antagonist muscles. The findings suggest that the feedback system plays a major role in updating and adjusting the central programs subserving the execution of learned motor patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Polit, A -- Bizzi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1235-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99813" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Arm/*physiology ; Feedback ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; *Movement ; *Proprioception ; Visual Perception/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1978-03-03
    Description: Emission tomography can be used to monitor, in vivo and regionally, the utilization of metabolic substrates labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes produced by a cyclotron. The concept was validated by measuring brain glucose utilization with carbon--11-labeled glucose in rhesus monkeys.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raichle, M E -- Welch, M J -- Grubb, R L Jr -- Higgins, C S -- Ter-Pogossian, M M -- Larson, K B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 3;199(4332):986-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/414358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Haplorhini ; Macaca mulatta ; Tomography/*utilization ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/utilization
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-04-28
    Description: A 172-base pair segment of DNA that is repeated several million times in the genome of the African green monkey has been characterized. Sequence analysis revealed that the many repeats of this complex unit are not all identical but represent a set of closely related segments: Sequence divergence occurs at various positions in the segment in a nonrandom manner. The uncloned segment obtained from monkey DNA is compared with a cloned segment of the same DNA which was recombined into the genome of simian virus 40 during permissive infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, H -- Singer, M -- Rosenberg, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 28;200(4340):394-402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/205944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus/*genetics ; Cercopithecus aethiops/*genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Haplorhini ; Molecular Weight ; Recombination, Genetic ; Simian virus 40/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: The substantia gelatinosa of the mammalian spinal cord is generally believed to be a closed system; that is its neurons are thought to project only to the substantia gelatinosa of the same or the contralateral side. Experiments in monkeys, using injections of the marker enzyme horseradish peroxidase, show that at least some neurons of the substantia gelatinosa project to the thalamus and thus belong to the spinothalamic tract. Such neurons include two cell types intrinsic to the gelatinosa, the central cells and the limitrophe cells of Cajal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, W D -- Leonard, R B -- Kenshalo, D R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):986-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/102034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diencephalon/*cytology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca fascicularis ; Spinal Cord/*cytology ; Spinothalamic Tracts/*cytology ; Substantia Gelatinosa/*cytology
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kronauer, R E -- Moore-Ede, M C -- Menser, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):1001-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/102033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Haplorhini ; Hydrocortisone/*blood ; Light ; Macaca mulatta/blood ; *Periodicity
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-08-25
    Description: Monkeys (Macaca) were trained by operant conditioning techniques to report the minimum detectable change in location of a sound in space, and were tested with a series of recorded coo or clear call vocalizations. Acuity of localization varied from approximately 4 degrees to 15 degrees and was a function of the magnitude of the change in pitch (frequency modulation) of the different clear calls.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, C H -- Beecher, M D -- Moody, D B -- Stebbins, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 25;201(4357):753-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/97785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Macaca/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Pitch Discrimination/physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1978-03-24
    Description: Eye movements of stump-tailed monkeys were measured during learning of a long series of two-choice pattern discrimination problems. The amount of scanning per trial (shifts in visual fixation from one pattern to the other) and the duration of individual fixations on the patterns increased during the course of learning-set formation and (except for the amount of scanning by some animals) remained high during the prolonged training following learning-set formation. Some of the changes in eye movements were different from those seen during the learning of single discrimination problems, a difference that possibly reflects cognitive processes specific to the learning-set task.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schrier, A M -- Povar, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 24;199(4335):1362-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/415365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; *Eye Movements ; Haplorhini ; Macaca ; Time Factors
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 1978-09-29
    Description: Owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra) were effectively immunized against a human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Two injections of antigen, primarily mature segmenters with fully developed merozoites, mixed with adjuvant (6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and liposomes) were administered intramuscularly at a 4-week interval. Approximately 2 weeks after the second vaccination, the monkeys were challenged with the homologous strain of P. falciparum. All immunized monkeys survived the challenge. The substitution of Freund's complete adjuvant is an encouraging step toward the development of an effective and safe vaccine for human malaria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siddiqui, W A -- Taylor, D W -- Kan, S C -- Kramer, K -- Richmond-Crum, S M -- Kotani, S -- Shiba, T -- Kusumoto, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 29;201(4362):1237-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/*immunology ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Glycopeptides/*immunology ; Haplorhini ; Liposomes ; Malaria/*prevention & control ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; *Vaccination
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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