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  • Artikel  (188)
  • Solanum tuberosum L.  (125)
  • 15N  (63)
  • Springer  (188)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (188)
  • Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft  (188)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamics of mineral nitrogen in soils supporting potato crops (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 36-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Soil nitrogen ; Immobilisation ; Mineralisation ; Nitrification ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Plant effects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Following application of fertiliser-N to the seedbed of potato crops, concentrations of extracted mineral-N were up to 3 times greater than would be anticipated by calculation. The rates at which both NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N apparently appeared and disappeared in the soil solution were, at various times, also much greater than could be attributable to any transformations resulting from microbial activity. This suggests that the involvement of other factors in this phenomenon must be considered. The effect of certain physical parameters such as water movement, resulting from capillary action and evaporation from the soil surface, may be implicated. We suggest that soil microbes are not directly involved in the early fate of fertiliser-N, primarily due to C-limitation in arable soils. N dynamics in fertilised potato systems require further studies targeting the relationships between nutrient concentrations in soil solution and mass flow of soil water.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336344
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mineralization of carbon and nitrogen from fresh and anaerobically stored sheep manure in soils of different texture (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonium sulphate ; Biomass N ; Clay CO2 ; Gross mineralization ; 15N
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A sandy loam soil was mixed with three different amounts of quartz sand and incubated with (15NH4)2SO4 (60 μg N g-1 soil) and fresh or anaerobically stored sheep manure (60 μg g-1 soil). The mineralization-immobilization of N and the mineralization of C were studied during 84 days of incubation at 20°C. After 7 days, the amount of unlabelled inorganic N in the manure-treated soils was 6–10 μg N g-1 soil higher than in soils amended with only (15NH4)2SO4. However, due to immobilization of labelled inorganic N, the resulting net mineralization of N from manure was insignificant or slightly negative in the three soil-sand mixtures (100% soil+0% quartz sand; 50% soil+50% quartz sand; 25% soil+75% quartz sand). After 84 days, the cumulative CO2 evolution and the net mineralization of N from the fresh manure were highest in the soil-sand mixutre with the lowest clay content (4% clay); 28% fo the manure C and 18% of the manure N were net mineralized. There was no significant difference between the soil-sand mixtures containing 8% and 16% clay, in which 24% of the manure C and -1% to 4% of the manure N were net mineralized. The higher net mineralization of N in the soil-sand mixture with the lowest clay content was probably caused by a higher remineralization of immobilized N in this soil-sand mixture. Anaerobic storage of the manure reduced the CO2 evolution rates from the manure C in the three soil-sand mixtures during the initial weeks of decomposition. However, there was no effect of storage on net mineralization of N at the end of the incubation period. Hence, there was no apparent relationship between net mineralization of manure N and C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336343
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen fixation and beneficial effects of some grain legumes and green-manure crops on rice (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): N2 fixation ; N supplying potential ; Grain legumes ; Green manuring ; 15N ; Wetland rice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Studies were conducted on paddy soils to ascertain N2 fixation, growth, and N supplying ability of some green-manure crops and grain legumes. In a 60-day pot trial, sunhemp (Crotalaria juncia) produced a significantly higher dry matter content and N yield than Sesbania sesban, S. rostrata, cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), and blackgram (V. mungo), deriving 91% of its N content from the atmosphere. Dry matter production and N yield by the legumes were significantly correlated with the quantity of N2 fixed. In a lowland field study involving sunhemp, blackgram, cowpeas, and mungbean, the former produced the highest stover yield and the stover N content, accumulating 160–250 kg N ha-1 in 60 days, and showed great promise as a biofertilizer for rice. The grain legumes showed good adaptability to rice-based cropping systems and produced a seed yield of 1125–2080 kg ha-1, depending on the location, species, and cultivar. Significant inter- and intraspecific differences in the stover N content were evident among the grain legumes, with blackgram having the highest N (104–155 kg N ha-1). In a trial on sequential cropping, the groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) showed a significantly higher N2 fixation and residual N effect on the succeeding rice crop than cowpeas, blackgram, mungbeans (V. radiata), and pigeonpeas (Cajanus cajan). The growth and N yield of the rice crop were positively correlated with the quantity of N2 fixed by the preceding legume crop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336346
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamics of nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen use and biomass yield over time in pot-grown Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Leucaena ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen use ; 15N ; Time course
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The dynamics of nodulation, N2-fixation and N use in Leucaena leucocephala cv. K28 over time was investigated in a screenhouse at 4, 8, 12 and 16 months after planting (MAP) using the 15N-labelling method. Leucaena had a consistently increasing pattern of nodulation, dry biomass and nitrogen yield. A sharp rise in nodulation was observed between 12 and 16 MAP, whereas for biomass, N accumulation and N2-fixation, and N2-fixation, an upward surge occurred between 4 and 12 months. Nodulation, N accumulation, N2-fixation and biomass yield all peaked at 16 MAP. Along with the steady increase in N2-fixation throughout the 16-month growth period, the % N derived from the atmosphere rose from 17.9% to 61.5%, 70.1% and 74%, equivalent to 191, 1623, 2395 and 3385 mg N2 fixed plant-1 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 MAP, respectively. Nitrogen assimilation from soil and fertilizer decreased inversely to the increase in symbiotic nitrogen fixation with time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336553
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Volatilization losses of surface-applied urea nitrogen from Vertisols in the Indian semi-arid tropics (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Vertisol ; pH ; Cation exchange capacity ; Moisture ; Urea ; 15N ; Nitrogen losses ; Ammonia volatilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The N loss from Vertisols was estimated by measuring the loss of 15N-labelled urea N under conditions that promote NH3 volatilization. Urea granules were placed on the top of 150-mm deep soil columns (Vertisols) collected from three sites with a range in pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. There were two contrasting moisture treatments, one near field capacity (wet) and another with intermittent wetting of the soil surface before allowing the columns to dry (moist-dry). The results indicated that losses were influenced markedly by pH and moisture treatment, being 29.5, 33.5, and 33% from the wet soils and 37, 42, and 40.5% from the moistdry soils with pH values of 7.7, 8.2, and 9.3, respectively. These observations clearly indicate that broadcasting of urea on the surface of Vertisols may cause substantial N losses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334581
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mineralization of soil organic nitrogen solubilized by aqua ammonia fertilizer (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Added nitrogen interaction ; Alkaline-hydrolysing fertilizer ; Aqua ammonia ; Gross N immobilization ; Gross N mineralization ; 15N ; Soluble organic N availability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Organic N solubilized by NH3(aq) was extracted from 15N-labelled or unlabelled soil, concentrated and added to non-extracted soil, which was incubated under aerobic conditions at 27±1°C. Gross N mineralization, gross N immobilization, and nitrification in soils with or without addition of unlabelled soluble organic N were estimated by models based on the dilution of the NH 4 + or NO inf3 sup- pools, which were labelled with 15N at the beginning of incubation. Mineralization of labelled organic N was measured by the appearance of label in the mineral N pool. Although gross N mineralization and gross N immobilization were increased in two soils between day 0 and day 7 following addition of unlabelled organic N solubilized by NH3(aq), there was no increase in net N mineralization. Solubilization of 15N-labelled organic N increased and the 15N enrichment of the soluble organic N decereased as the concentration of NH3(aq) added increased. A constant proportion of approximately one-quarter of the labelled organic N added at different rates to non-extracted soil was recovered in the mineral N pool after an incubation period of 14 days, and the availability ratios calculated from net N mineralization data were 1.1:1 and 2.1:1 for 111 and 186 mg added organic-N kg-1 soil, respectively, indicating that the mineralization of organic N was increased by solubilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335824
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and nitrogen nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.) in soil treated with the nitrification-inhibiting insecticide Baythroid (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words ANI ; Baythroid ; Cyfluthrin ; Insecticide ; 15N ; Nitrification ; N uptake ; Synthetic pyrethroid ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to compare the uptake and dry matter production potential of NH+ 4 and NO– 3 and to study the effect of Baythroid, a contact poison for several insect pests of agricultural crops, on growth and N uptake of maize (Zea mays L.). Nitrogen was applied as (15NH4)2SO4, K15NO3, or 15NH4NO3 and in one treatment Baythroid was combined with 15NH4NO3. Source of N had, in general, a nonsignificant effect on dry matter and N yield, but uptake of NO– 3 was significantly higher than that of NH+ 4 when both N sources were applied together. Substantial loss of N occurred from both the sources, with NH+ 4 showing greater losses. Baythroid was found to have a significant positive effect on dry matter yield of both root and shoot; N yield also increased significantly. Uptake of N from both the applied and native sources increased significantly in the presence of Baythroid and a substantial added nitrogen interaction (ANI) was determined. The positive effect of Baythroid was attributed to: (1) a prolonged availability of NH+ 4 due to inhibition of nitrification, (2) an increased availability of native soil N through enhanced mineralization, and (3) an enhanced root proliferation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336057
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A yield-independent, 15N-isotope dilution method to estimate legume symbiotic dependence without a non-N2-fixing reference plant (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 196-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Isotope dilution ; 15N ; Lupin ; Symbiotic dependence ; Biological N2 fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The proportional contribution of atmospheric N2 to the N nutrition of lupin (P atm) was estimated in a field experiment following addition of NH4Cl of KNO3 to unconfined microplots (1.5 m2) at 2.5 g N m-2 (10 atom% 15N). The integrated 15N enrichment, or ‘mean pool abundance’, of nitrate extracted from 0- to 15-cm samples taken under the lupin crop on eight occasion between 28 and 190 days after sowing was used as the reference criterion to estimate P atm by the 15N-isotope dilution technique. Estimates of P atm were similar to those obtained using canola as a non-fixing reference plant, but were higher than estimates obtained using a yield-dependent model. Use of ‘mean pool abundance’ obviates the need for a non-fixing reference plant, and the frequent sampling and isotope-ratio analysis of the legume biomass required with the yield-dependent model is unnecessary. However, further work is needed to validate a sampling strategy commensurate with the growth of the legume roots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336063
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A yield-independent, 15N-isotope dilution method to estimate legume symbiotic dependence without a non-N2-fixing reference plant (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 196-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Isotope dilution ; 15N ; Lupin ; Symbiotic dependence ; Biological N2 fixation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The proportional contribution of atmospheric N2 to the N nutrition of lupin (P atm) was estimated in a field experiment following addition of NH4Cl of KNO3 to unconfined microplots (1.5 m2) at 2.5 g N m–2 (10 atom% 15N). The integrated 15N enrichment, or ’mean pool abundance‘, of nitrate extracted from 0- to 15-cm samples taken under the lupin crop on eight occasion between 28 and 190 days after sowing was used as the reference criterion to estimate P atm by the 15N-isotope dilution technique. Estimates of P atm were similar to those obtained using canola as a non-fixing reference plant, but were higher than estimates obtained using a yield-dependent model. Use of ’mean pool abundance‘ obviates the need for a non-fixing reference plant, and the frequent sampling and isotope-ratio analysis of the legume biomass required with the yield-dependent model is unnecessary. However, further work is needed to validate a sampling strategy commensurate with the growth of the legume roots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336063
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dual inoculation with strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense to improve growth and biological nitrogen fixation of soybean (Glycine max L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Soybean ; Isotope dilution ; Nitrogen fixation ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Soil sterilization ; 15N ; Azospirillum brasilense ; Bacterial inoculation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense strains on the growth of soybean were evaluated with regard to the estimation of N2 fixation using the 15N isotope dilution technique. Inoculation, in general, increased the dry mass of soybean as well as nitrogen content. Dual inoculation with a mixture of B. japonicum and A. brasilense strains was superior over single inoculation with B. japonicum. Nitrogen fixed (Ndfa) varied according to inoculant and soil conditions. Percentages of nitrogen derived from air (% Ndfa) using a non-nodulating isoline were 72% and 76% for B. japonicum and B. japonicum plus A. brasilense, respectively, in non-sterile soil. A similar but higher trend was recorded in sterilized soil, in which the percentages of N2 fixed were 81% and 86% for single and dual inoculation, respectively. The correlation coefficient between N2 fixed and N uptake (r=0.94) and dry mass (r=0.89) was significant. Application of special bacterial inoculants in agricultural systems of Egypt seems to be a promising technology and could be used for improving soybean growth as well as soil fertility, thus minimizing environmental pollution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050250
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improved diffusion methods for determination of inorganic nitrogen in soil extracts and water (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 413-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ammonium analysis ; 15N ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Inorganic N ; Soil extract diffusion method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Diffusion methods previously developed for inorganic-N analysis of soil extracts were modified to improve reliability, increase the dynamic range, extend the scope of applications, and simplify the processing of samples for N-isotope analysis. In these methods, the soil extract is treated with MgO, or MgO plus Devarda‘s alloy, in a 473-ml (1-pint) wide-mouth Mason jar to convert NH4 +-N, NO3 –-N, and/or NO2 –-N to NH3-N. The NH3 thereby liberated is collected in H3BO3-indicator solution in a Petri dish suspended from the Mason-jar lid and determined quantitatively by acidimetric titration. With the modifications described, analyses can be performed on 10- to 100-ml samples of water, 0.5MK2SO4, 1MKCl, 2MKCl, or 4MKCl, at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. Recovery from 10 or 20ml was quantitative in 18–80h with up to 4mgN; recovery from 50 or 100ml was quantitative in 3–13 days with up to 2mgN. Removal of H3BO3 for N-isotope analysis by the Rittenberg process was effected using methanol. Mason-jar diffusion methods are much simpler and more convenient than conventional steam distillations. Comparative studies showed that quantitative determinations are more accurate and precise by diffusion than by distillation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050266
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen fertilizers promote denitrification (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Denitrification ; Fertilizer efficiency ; 15N ; Labelled dinitrogen ; Nitrification ; Nitrous oxide ; Urea ; Waterlogged soil ; Water-soluble organic carbon
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A laboratory study was conducted to compare the effects of different N fertilizers on emission of N2 and N2O during denitrification of NO3 – in waterlogged soil. Field-moist samples of Drummer silty clay loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) were incubated under aerobic conditions for 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, or 42 days with or without addition of unlabelled (NH4)2SO4, urea, NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, NH4NO3 (200 or 1000 mg N kg–1 soil), or liquid anhydrous NH3 (1000 mg N kg–1 soil). The incubated soil samples were then treated with 15N-labelled KNO3 (250 mg N kg–1 soil, 73.7 atom% 15N), and incubation was carried out under waterlogged conditions for 5 days, followed by collection of atmospheric samples for 15N analyses to determine labelled N2 and N2O. Compared to samples incubated without addition of unlabelled N, all of the fertilizers promoted denitrification of 15NO3 –. Emission of labelled N2 and N2O decreased in the order: Anhydrous NH3〉urea〈$〉\gg〈$〉 (NH4)2HPO4〉(NH4)2SO4≃NH4NO3≃NH4H2PO4. The highest emissions observed with anhydrous NH3 or urea coincided with the presence of NO2 –, and 15N analyses indicated that these emissions originated from NO2 – rather than NO3 –. Emissions of labelled N2 and N2O were significantly correlated with fertilizer effects on soil pH and water-soluble organic C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050233
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological interactions between soil nitrogen and alkaline-hydrolysing nitrogen fertilizers (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Added nitrogen interaction ; Ammonia fixation ; 15N ; Immobilization ; Fertilizer-induced solubilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Added N interactions were measured in four soil incubated with 15N-labelled urea or diammonium phosphate. The use of biologically active, γ-irradiated, or reinoculated γ-irradiated samples allowed us to separate added N interactions due to chemical and biological processes, and to distinguish real interactions from apparent effects. Real biologically mediated added N interactions were observed in one soil for both fertilizer sources and in three soils amended with urea. These real interactions increased with the N fertilizer rate, but did not differ significantly between N sources. Fertilizer-induced unlabelled organic N in soil extracts declined during incubation in both sterile and non-sterile samples, but the temporal decline was higher in biologically active soil. Changes in fertilizer-induced unlabelled organic N in the extracts of three soils attributed to biological processes were similar to the measured real biologically mediated added N interactions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that real biologically mediated added N interactions arise from the mineralization of soil organic N solubilized by alkaline-hydrolysing N fertilizers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307839
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and nitrogen nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.) in soil treated with the nitrification-inhibiting insecticide Baythroid (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): ANI ; Baythroid ; Cyfluthrin ; Insecticide ; 15N ; Nitrification ; N uptake ; Synthetic pyrethroid ; Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to compare the uptake and dry matter production potential of NH inf4 sup+ and NO inf3 sup- and to study the effect of Baythroid, a contact poison for several insect pests of agricultural crops, on growth and N uptake of maize (Zea mays L.). Nitrogen was applied as (15NH4)2SO4, K15NO3, or 15NH4NO3 and in one treatment Baythroid was combined with 15NH4NO3. Source of N had, in general, a nonsignificant effect on dry matter and N yield, but uptake of NO inf3 sup- was significantly higher than that of NH inf4 sup+ when both N sources were applied together. Substantial loss of N occurred from both the sources, with NH inf4 sup+ showing greater losses. Baythroid was found to have a significant positive effect on dry matter yield of both root and shoot; N yield also increased significantly. Uptake of N from both the applied and native sources increased significantly in the presence of Baythroid and a substantial added nitrogen interaction (ANI) was determined. The positive effect of Baythroid was attributed to: (1) a prolonged availability of NH inf4 sup+ due to inhibition of nitrification, (2) an increased availability of native soil N through enhanced mineralization, and (3) an enhanced root proliferation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336057
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimating nitrogen transfer by foliar 15N-labelling in legume – non-legume associations (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Biologically fixed N ; Cereals ; Intercropping ; Foliar labelling ; Grasses ; Legumes ; 15N ; N transfer ; Pastures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract We examined the basis for estimating the transfer of legume N to companion cereals or grasses in intercropping or pature systems using the foliar 15N-labelling technique. Published data from three pot experiments were used to illustrate different methods for estimating N transfer. Yield-dependent and yield-independent methods based on measurement of the 15N enrichment of the whole legume biomass at harvest overestimate N transfer. Estimates of N transfer using a yield-independent method based on the 15N enrichment of the legume roots at harvest were inconsistent with estimates based on the isotopic composition of the whole plant. We propose a new mathematical concept for estimating the transfer of legume N based on measurement of the ‘mean pool abundance’ of the legume biomass during the period of N transfer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050237
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amino acid utilization and isotope discrimination of amino nitrogen in nitrogen metabolism of rat liverin vivo (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 340-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Protein quality ; endogenous imbalance ; 15N ; natural abundance ; isotope discrimination ; Proteinqualität ; endogene Imbalanz ; 15N ; natürliche Häufigkeit ; Isotopendiskriminierung
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Zwischen Harnstoff und Plasmaprotein besteht ein natürlicher Unterschied der15N-Häufigkeit von bis zu 10‰. Die Ursache hierfür ist der verzweigte Stickstoff-Metabolismus in der Leber. Ein Hauptzweig ist die Proteinsynthese, im zweiten Hauptzweig wird der Aminostickstoff zur Harnstoff-Synthese verwendet.15N der Vorläuferaminosäuren wird hierbei, abhängig von den Umsatzraten, im Harnstoff abgereichert und im Protein angereichert. Unter Hinzuziehung der15N-Häufigkeit der Vorläuferaminosäuren, die sich aus Jejunum-Gewebe bestimmen läßt, kann aus der Isotopendiskriminierung in den beiden Stoffwechselzweigen die Utilisierung der Aminosäuren in der Leber berechnet werden. Dies wurde an Ratten nach Fütterung mit verschiedenen Proteinen untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß bei Verzehr von hochwertigen Proteinen die Utilisierung der Aminosäuren im Stoffwechsel der Leber bei bedarfsgerechter Fütterung besser war (Molkenprotein: 〉85%) als bei Proteinkarenz (70%). Das bedeutet, daß das Muster der aus dem metabolischen Pool verfügbaren Aminosäuren bei Proteinkarenz eine Imbalanz aufweist. Durch exogene Aminosäuren aus der Nahrung kann diese endogene Imbalanz offenbar komplementierend ausgeglichen werden, so daß die Stickstoffausscheidung bei nicht bedarfsüberschreitendem Verzehr sogar unter den Werten der sogenannten „obligaten“ oxidativen Verluste liegen kann. Die Qualität von Nahrungsproteinen spiegelt sich also nicht nur in den N-Bilanzen wider. Sie wird auch durch Bestimmung der Utilisierung der Aminosäuren im Stoffwechsel der Leber mit Hilfe der Analyse der Isotopendiskriminierung quantifizierbar. Zusätzlich wird mit dieser Methode eine Aussage über die Qualität des Musters der metabolisch verfügbaren Aminosäuren gewonnen.
    Notizen: Summary Urea and plasma protein differ in natural15N abundance up to 10‰ The origin of this difference is the branched nitrogen metabolism in the liver. One main branch is the protein synthesis pathway, the other the urea synthesis pathway. By this branching15N of precursor amino acids is depleted in urea while it is enriched in protein. With the15N abundance of precursor amino acids, which may be taken from jejunum tissue, utilization of amino acids in liver metabolism can be calculated from isotope discrimination in either pathway. This was investigated by feeding different proteins to rats. When feeding high quality protein (whey protein) utilization of amino acids in liver metabolism at requirement intake was better than at zero protein intake (〉85% vs. 70%). From this we conclude that the pattern of amino acids available from the metabolic pool at zero protein intake is characterized by an imbalance. This endogenous imbalance can be complemented by exogenous dietary amino acids so that nitrogen excretion may even be smaller than the so-called „obligatory“ losses of intakes not exceeding requirement. Thus, the quality of dietary protein is reflected not only by N balance. It also may be quantified by analysis of isotope discrimination in nitrogen metabolism of the liver. In addition, the quality of amino acid pattern available from the metabolic pool is indicated by this method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617819
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A conceptual assessment of the importance of denitrification as a source of soil nitrogen loss in tropical agro-ecosystems (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 139-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): denitrification ; methods ; 15N ; nitrate ; nitrogen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract This paper attempts to answer the question: is denitrification a major route of N loss from tropical agro-ecosystems? This question turns out to be very difficult to answer due to a severe shortage of data on this process for tropical agro-ecosystems other than rice. Given this lack of data, I approach this question by analyzing data on denitrification and nitrous oxide flux in tropical native forest and pasture soils and attempt to make some conclusions and pose some hypotheses about the significance of denitrification in tropical agricultural soils. I also briefly review methods for measuring denitrification. The data analysis suggests that denitrification in tropical forest soils is strongly influenced by the nature and amount of soil C and N turnover. Studies to examine differences in denitrification in different tropical agricultural systems should focus on the effects of system management on C and N turnover. The data analysis also suggests that, just as in temperate regions, denitrification may not be a significant route of N loss from most tropical agricultural systems. However, field studies are necessary to determine if this is actually the case.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750508
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of the contribution of biological N2 fixation to twoPhaseolus vulgaris genotypes using simulation of plant nitrogen uptake from15N-labelled soil (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 45 (1995), S. 169-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): 15N ; non-nod beans ; quantification of N2 fixation ; reference crops ; simulation technique ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A technique for the application of the15N isotope dilution technique for the quantification of plant associated biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) was tested and applied to quantify the BNF contribution to two genotypes ofPhaseolus vulgaris. The technique makes use of sequential measurements of the15N enrichment of soil mineral N, and the uptake of labelled N by the “N2-fixing” plant, to simulate its uptake of soil N (the “soil to plant simulation” technique). The test was made with two non-N2-fixing crops (non-nodulating beans and wheat) and two bean genotypes (PR 923450 and Puebla 152), at two levels of N fertilizer addition (10 and 40 kg N ha−1), to compare the actual N uptake with that simulated from the soil and crop15N data. The simulation of the soil N uptake by the non-nod bean crop using this “soil to plant simulation” technique underestimated by 20 to 30% the true N uptake, suggesting that the mineral N extracted from soil samples taken from the 0–15cm layer had a higher15N enrichment than that N sampled by the roots of this crop. In the case of the wheat crop the simulation resulted in a much greater underestimation of actual N uptake. In general the results using this technique suggested that BNF inputs to the bean cultivars was higher than would be expected from the nodulation and acetylene reduction data, except for the early PR beans in the 40 kg N ha−1 treatment. In this case the total N and simulated soil N accumulation were well matched suggesting no BNF inputs. An allied technique (the “plant to plant simulation technique”) was proposed where the15N enrichrnent of soil mineral N was simulated from the data for total N and labelled N accumulation taken from sequential harvests of either of the non-N2 -fixing control crops. This was then utilized in combination with the labelled N uptake data of the other crop to simulate its soil N uptake. However, the results using either technique indicated that the wheat and non-nod or nodulating beans exploited pools of N in the soil with completely different15N enrichments probably due to differences in exploitation of the soil N with depth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00748587
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen transformations in a flooded soil in the presence and absence of rice plants: 2. Denitrification (1998)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 51 (1998), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): denitrification ; gas entrapment ; nitrification inhibitors ; 15N ; rice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Denitrification rates (d) in a flooded alkaline clay were measured following addition of either $$^{15} NO_3^ - or^{15} NH_4^ + $$ to the floodwater, by collecting evolved N2 + N2O in an enclosure in the absence or presence of rice plants. Similar estimates of d were obtained in the $$^{15} NO_3^ - $$ treatment when the isotopic composition of the enclosed atmosphere was determined using arc redistribution or direct mass spectrometric analysis. Approximately 90% of the gaseous products of denitrification were physically trapped in the soil five days after $$^{15} NO_3^ - $$ addition. Mechanical shaking of the soil-water system was an effective method for releasing entrapped gas. Denitrification showed a marked diurnal variation in both $$^{15} NO_3^ - $$ and $$^{15} NH_4^ + $$ treatments planted to rice, with higher rates during the day than at night. Measured rates of denitrification were higher in planted than in unplanted pots for both $$^{15} NO_3^ - $$ and $$^{15} NH_4^ + $$ treatments for normal gas sampling. However, evidence was obtained that this was not a real effect, but was due to release of entrapped gas. Denitrification losses corrected for gas entrapment were estimated at 〈5% of applied $$^{15} NH_4^ + $$ . The 15N mass balance indicated that a much larger amount of applied ammonium (15–25%) was lost by NH3 volatilisation. The rate of denitrification corrected for gas entrapment was similar to the rate of nitrification estimated by inhibition of ammonium oxidation. Although the inhibitors 2-ethynylpyridine and acetylene prevented denitrification by effectively inhibiting nitrification of $$^{15} NH_4^ + $$ , the total recovery of 15N in the soil-plant system did not increase. The total recovery of $$^{15} NH_4^ + $$ was 7–9% higher in the presence than in the absence of rice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009726524817
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in the sugarcane-vertical system in Guadeloupe according to growth and ratoon age of the cane (1998)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 52 (1998), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): fertilizer-N ; 15N ; soil N ; sugarcane ; vertisol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Sugarcane is one of the main economic resources of Guadeloupe (France). Cane grown on the island's vertisols shows nitrogen deficiency which is accentuated with each successive ratoon. This deficiency could partially explain the observed decrease in yield. The present study, based on the isotopic N method applied to different ratoons in the field, was aimed at: (i) diagnosing the problem in the crop environment itself; and (ii) quantifying the fertilizer-N balance. The results indicated that decrease in yield and N absorption by the cane was related to ratoon number. The real utilization coefficient for the fertilizer (RUC%) ranged from 6 and 34%, and a high proportion (30–40%) of fertilizer-N was immobilized in the soil (NiS%) after the annual crop cycle. The N absorbed by the cane was essentially derived from the soil. Rainfall at the beginning of (re)growth determined crop development and N supply to the crop. When the water requirements of the crop are satisfied, nitrogen supply and cane yield can be improved in two ways: (i) by increasing the efficiency of the applied N fertilizer (RUC% and NiS%); and (ii) by maintaining the soil's capacity to supply cane with N. This implies maintaining and, if necessary, upgrading the structural state of the vertisols.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009765302105
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fate of fertiliser N applied to winter wheat growing on a Vertisol in a Mediterranean environment (1999)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 53 (1999), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): added nitrogen interaction ; fertiliser efficiency ; residual fertiliser nitrogen ; microplots ; 15N ; nitrogen balance ; nitrogen recovery ; split application
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A field study using 15N was conducted on a Vertisol in semi-arid Morocco to assess the fate and efficiency of fertiliser N split applied to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Splitting of fertiliser N is highly crucial in semi-arid regions, considering the increased moisture stress towards the end of the growing season. A N fertilisation rate of 100 kg N ha-1 was split according to two schemes: i) 25% at planting, 50% at tillering and 25% at stem elongation; or ii) 50% at tillering and 50% at stem elongation. The application of 100 kg N ha-1increased the vegetative dry matter production with more than 2000 kg dry matter ha-1 in comparison with the control treatment. Nitrogen fertilisation had no significant effect on the grain yield production. Moreover, the 1000 grain weight decreased from 32 to 26 g due to N fertilisation. Total N uptake was about 50 kg N ha-1 higher for the fertilised plants in comparison with the unfertilised plants, but it was not affected by the splitting pattern of the fertiliser N. Recoveries of 15N-labelled fertiliser by the plant (above-ground plant parts plus roots from the upper 20 cm layer) were low (31% and 24% for the 3-split and 2-split application, respectively). More N in the plant was derived from fertiliser when applied early in the growing season than when applied late in the season. About 13% of the N in the plants was derived from the 50 kg N ha-1 at tillering, while only 5% was derived from the N application (50 kg N ha-1) at stem elongation. At harvest, a high residual of fertiliser-derived N was found in the 0–90 cm profile (62% and 72%, for the 3-split and 2-split application, respectively). Less than 10% of the applied N could not be accounted for, the amount being highest for the application at tillering. This N not accounted for was mainly ascribed to denitrification after an important rainfall event. The application of fertiliser N led to an increase of about 20 kg N ha-1 in soil N uptake by the crop (positive ANI). The results suggested a dominant influence of moisture availability on the fertiliser N uptake by wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009780703738
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The fate of algal nitrogen in a flooded soil system (1999)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 55 (1999), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): algae ; flooded soils ; N cycling ; nitrogen ; 15N ; rice
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Algal N labelled with 15N added to a flooded soil in laboratory columns without plants was studied to determine the changes over time in the fate of N assimilated by algae and to study how its fate is affected by (a) exclusion of light simulating complete closure of the rice canopy, and (b) addition of fertilizer-NH4 *. In the light but with no added fertilizer-N there was little net mineralization of the added algal N during the first 4 weeks, but after 8 weeks 42% had been mineralized, of which 95% was denitrified. Exclusion of light caused net mineralization to proceed more rapidly in the first 4 weeks due to the death of algal cells and lowered reassimilation. After 8 weeks 51% had been mineralized, of which 54% was denitrified, 16% volatilized and 30% was present as KCl exchangeable NH4 +-N. Application of fertilizer-NH4 + apparently caused mineralization of 25% of the algal N within one week but the results were probably affected by pool substitution in which labelled N mineralized to NH4 +-N was diluted with fertilizer – NH+ 4 and then immobilized leaving more labelled NH4–N in the mineral pool. After 8 weeks, 42% of algal N had been mineralized, of which 69% was estimated to have been denitrified, 19% lost through NH3 volatilization and 12% remained as extracted NH4 ++NO- 3. Uptake of N by a rice crop would reduce the gaseous losses. Algal N was mineralized quickly enough to be available during the growing season of a rice crop and, depending on field conditions, algae may have a role in assimilating N and protecting it from loss as well as being a major driving force for NH3 volatilization through diurnal increases in pH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009850915579
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of biological nitrogen fixation (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): acetylene ; 15N ; nodules ; reference plant ; ureide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The four commonly used methods for measuring biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in plants are: the total nitrogen difference (TND) method, acetylene reduction assay (ARA) technique, xylem-solute (or ureide production) method and the use of15N labelled compounds. The TND method relies on a control non-N2-fixing plant to estimate the amount of N absorbed by the fixing plant from soil. It is one of the simplest and least expensive methods, but works best under low soil N conditions. The ARA technique measures the rate of acetylene conversion to ethylene by the N2-fixing enzyme, nitrogenase. The ethylene produced can then be converted into N2 fixed, using a conversion ratio, originally recommended as 3. Although the method is inexpensive and highly sensitive, its major disadvantages are, the short-term nature of the assays, the doubtful validity of always using a conversion ratio of 3 and the auto-inhibition of acetylene conversion to ethylene. The ARA technique is therefore not a method of choice for measuring BNF. The xylem-solute technique can be used to measure BNF for those species that produce significant quantities of ureide as product of BNF. Although simple and relatively inexpensive, it is an instantaneous assay and also needs to be calibrated against a known method. The most serious limitation is, that only a small proportion of N2-fixing plants examined are ureide exporters, and the method is therefore not widely applicable. The15N methods, classified into the isotope dilution and A-value methods, appear to be the most accurate, but also the most expensive. They involve labelling soil with15N fertilizer and using a non-N2-fixing reference plant to measure the15N/14N ratio in the soil. The15N isotope dilution approach is both operationally and mathematically simpler than the A-value approach. To limit potential errors in the selection of reference crops, it is recommended to use15N labelled compounds or soil labelling methods that result in the slow release of15N or the slow decline of15N/14N ratio in the soil. Additionally, the use of several reference plants rather than a single one can improve the accuracy of the results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750498
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    15N isotope dilution techniques to study soil nitrogen transformations and plant uptake (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): 15N ; nitrogen ; soil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The use of15N as a tracer in soil/plant research is examined. The limitations of the so-called Ndff approach are discussed to show the need to consider not just the fate of the added label but also the path that was followed and the rate of the transformation. The development of15N isotope dilution techniques to determine gross rates of nitrogen transformation in soil is reviewed with some indications as to the further development of the approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750513
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fate of CO(NH2)2-15N applied to taro (Colocasia esculenta var.esculenta) in an acid Vertisol of Trinidad (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Colocasia esculenta var.esculenta ; crop uptake ; 15N ; soil management ; tropical soils ; urea ; Vertisols
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Vertisols are an important natural resource, particularly in the developing world, but a greater understanding of their chemical characteristics with special reference to the fate of applied N is needed for their greater sustainable use. The Bejucal clay (Chromic Dystraquerts, very fine, mixed, acid) is an important agricultural soil in North Trinidad and a series of studies were undertaken on it to determine the optimum rate and the best time of application and to quantify the efficiency of applied N using CO(NH2)2-15N and taro, commonly called dasheen locally, (Colocasia esculenta var.esculenta), as a test crop. The optimum rate was found to be 280 kg N ha−1 for corm production from a field experiment, laid out in a randomised incomplete block design. This corresponded to an apparent recovery at 10 per cent when CO(NH2)2 was applied at 14 days after planting (DAP). Generally, a decrease in N uptake with increasing levels and later application times was observed. Another field experiment which employed15N applied at 14, 56, and 112 DAP showed that15N applied at 112 DAP corresponded to the highest15N level in the plant tissue. A green house experiment conducted to determine the efficiency of the use of the applied N showed the highest recovery of approximately 49 per cent at a rate equilavent to 280 kg N ha−1 with efficiencies of 43 and 40 per cent at the 140 and 420 kg N ha−1 of applied N levels, respectively. A single application at 14 DAP resulted in an efficiency of 41 per cent compared to 44 and 47 per cent for the 2 split and 3 split applications, respectively. Split applications increased N uptake but without a corresponding increase in yield. These studies showed that N applied as CO(NH2)2 at 280 kg N ha−1 at 14 DAP is optimum for upland taro production under conditions of the Bejucal clay. Under normal field conditions surface washing may be the most important N loss pathway but when excessive fertilizers are used then the gaseous pathways may also contribute to N losses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750504
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Soil, plant and atmospheric conditions as they relate to ammonia volatilization (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 149-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Micrometeorology ; N flux ; livestock waste ; NH3 ; 15N
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Gaseous ammonia (NH3) transport is an important pathway in the terrestrial N cycle. In the atmosphere NH3 neutralizes airborne acids and is a major factor determining air quality and acid rain deposition patterns. Redeposition of atmospheric NH3 plays an important role in the N balance of natural ecosystems and has been implicated in forest decline, plant species change and eutrophication of surface water. Much of the N in soil-plant animal systems can be lost to the atmosphere, particularly with surface applied livestock waste, or urea and anhydrous ammonia fertilizers. Plants can have a significant impact on NH3 transport because they can both absorb and desorb atmospheric NH3. Under conditions of low soil N or high atmospheric NH3 concentrations, plants absorb NH3. Under conditions of high soil N or low atmospheric NH3 concentrations, plants volatilize NH3. This article discusses methods for evaluating NH3 transport in the filed, the rate of NH3 volatilized from fertilizer application, and the effects of plants on net NH3 transport.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750509
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role ofAzolla in curbing ammonia volatilization from flooded rice systems (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Anabaena ; cropping systems ; fertilizer management ; integrated nitrogen management ; 15N ; nitrogen balance ; Oryza sativa ; urea ; wetlands
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract By the year 2020, an additional 300 million tons of rice are needed annually to meet the demands of a growing population. If our natural resource base is to be preserved, intensification strategies should rely on integrated nutrient management, making full use of biological nitrogen fixation. TheAzolla-Anabaena complex is amongst the most effective systems of fixing nitrogen. In this paper we present evidence from greenhouse studies on the potential ofAzolla to curb the volatilization of NH3 following the application of urea to a mixedAzolla-rice culture, providing a new incentive for developing ways of integratingAzolla in intensive rice cultivation systems. The results of a series of short term greenhouse experiments show that a full cover ofAzolla can significantly reduce losses of applied urea-N from 45 and 50% to 20 and 13% for the 30 and 60 kg N ha−1 treatments, respectively. About one-quarter of the applied N was tied up in theAzolla biomass. The applied N inhibitedAzolla growth as well as the amount of N fixed. Inoculation with smaller quantities ofAzolla allowing for more vigorousAzolla multiplication was equally effective in reducing NH3 volatilization and doubled the amount of15N tied-up byAzolla. The reduction in NH3 volatilization is largely related to the depression byAzolla of the floodwater pH, which in its absence may reach values between 9 and 10 as a result of algal activity. Early rice growth responded positively to urea as well as the large quantities of appliedAzolla and increased the yield potential of the crop. Smaller quantities ofAzolla alone were not effective in this regard. The conservation of fertilizer N byAzolla, particularly when it fully covered the water, was reflected in a synergistic effect on rice dry matter production, amounting to 9% at the 30 kg N rate and 16% at the 60 kg N rate. In all likelihood this interaction is attributable to the higher efficiency of the applied N. The benefits ofAzolla in conserving basal urea-N even in small quantities (200-500 kg fresh material ha−1), outweighed competition for the applied N and may be as important as its BNF. The most promising integratedAzolla/rice management systems emerging from our studies should be given further attention under field conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750511
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Urea-N uptake by dasheen (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) in relation to the fertilizer placement method (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Colocasia esculenta ; fertilizer efficiency ; fertilizer management ; 15N ; urea transformations ; volatilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Urea has become the most important N carrier in many parts of the world and its reaction when added to soil is unique in many ways. Two field experiments were therefore undertaken using15N to investigate the uptake efficiency of the added urea-15N which was banded in Experiment I and broadcast in Experiment II. In both experiments the uptake efficiencies were not affected by N-rate and cropping system (Exp. I) or crop residue management (Exp. II) and averaged 17.4 and 16.9% respectively. These low values were supported by evidences of high losses; high pH increases following urea application (volatilization), downward movement of N (leaching), and cycles of waterlogged and well drained conditions in the soil (de-nitrification). Evidence of leaching at least down to 30 cm in the profile was observed in the first experiment where urea was banded but not in experiment II where it was broadcast. The proportion of N in the crop that was derived from added urea (%Ndff) was 57.7% and 36.4% in experiments I and II respectively, suggesting that band application resulted in a higher proportion of the added N in the root zone compared to that for broadcast application. The results indicate the need to investigate other management strategies, such as higher application frequencies and placement closer to the root zone, in order to improve the uptake efficiency of added urea-N in upland rainfed dasheen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750515
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen fixation of and N transfer from cowpea, mungbean and groundnut when intercropped with maize (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 40 (1995), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Arachis hypogaea ; intercropping ; maize ; N2 fixation ; N-transfer ; 15N ; Vigna radiata ; Vigna unguiculata
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Grain legumes are used widely in intercropping systems. However, quantitative and comparative data available as to their N2 fixation and N beneficial effect on the companion crop in intercropping systems are scarce. Hence, studies were conducted to ascertain the above when cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were intercropped with maize. The study was15N-aided and made outdoors in basins (30 L) filled with 38 kg of soil.15N labelling was effected by incorporating15N-tagged plant material or applying15N-labelled fertilizer along with sucrose to stabilize15N enrichment in the soil during the experimental period. Intercropped groundnut fixed the highest amount of nitrogen from the atmosphere (i.e. 552 mg plant−1), deriving 85% of its N from the atmosphere. Intercropped cowpea and mungbean fixed 161 and 197 mg N plant−1, obtaining 81% and 78% of their N content from the atmosphere, respectively. The proportion of N derived by maize from the associated legume varied from 7-11% for mungbean, 11–20% for cowpea and 12–26% for groundnut which amounted to about 19–22, 29–45 and 33–60 mg N maize plant−1, respectively. The high nitrogen fixation potential of groundnut in dual stands and its relatively low harvest index for N have apparently contributed to greater N-benefical effect on the associated crop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749861
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Volatilization losses of surface-applied urea nitrogen from Vertisols in the Indian semi-arid tropics (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Vertisol ; pH ; Cation exchange capacity ; Moisture ; Urea ; 15N ; Nitrogen losses ; Ammonia ; volatilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The N loss from Vertisols was estimated by measuring the loss of 15N-labelled urea N under conditions that promote NH3 volatilization. Urea granules were placed on the top of 150-mm deep soil columns (Vertisols) collected from three sites with a range in pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. There were two contrasting moisture treatments, one near field capacity (wet) and another with intermittent wetting of the soil surface before allowing the columns to dry (moist-dry). The results indicated that losses were influenced markedly by pH and moisture treatment, being 29.5, 33.5, and 33% from the wet soils and 37, 42, and 40.5% from the moist-dry soils with pH values of 7.7, 8.2, and 9.3, respectively. These observations clearly indicate that broadcasting of urea on the surface of Vertisols may cause substantial N losses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334581
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mineralization of soil organic nitrogen solubilized by aqua ammonia fertilizer (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Added nitrogen interaction ; Alkaline-hydrolysing fertilizer ; Aqua ammonia ; Gross N immobilization ; Gross N mineralization ; 15N ; Soluble organic N availability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Organic N solubilized by NH3(aq) was extracted from 15N-labelled or unlabelled soil, concentrated and added to non-extracted soil, which was incubated under aerobic conditions at 27±1°C. Gross N mineralization, gross N immobilization, and nitrification in soils with or without addition of unlabelled soluble organic N were estimated by models based on the dilution of the NH4 + or NO3 – pools, which were labelled with 15N at the beginning of incubation. Mineralization of labelled organic N was measured by the appearance of label in the mineral N pool. Although gross N mineralization and gross N immobilization were increased in two soils between day 0 and day 7 following addition of unlabelled organic N solubilized by NH3(aq), there was no increase in net N mineralization. Solubilization of 15N-labelled organic N increased and the 15N enrichment of the soluble organic N decereased as the concentration of NH3(aq) added increased. A constant proportion of approximately one-quarter of the labelled organic N added at different rates to non-extracted soil was recovered in the mineral N pool after an incubation period of 14 days, and the availability ratios calculated from net N mineralization data were 1.1:1 and 2.1:1 for 111 and 186 mg added organic-N kg–1 soil, respectively, indicating that the mineralization of organic N was increased by solubilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335824
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tree fallows: A comparison between five tropical tree species (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 50-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Agroforestry ; 15N ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phenolics ; 13C ; Tree fallows
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The natural abundance of 15N and 13C, conventional soil analyses, and biomass production by maize were used to study the influence of five tropical tree species on soils and their fertility. The experiment was conducted in Morogoro, Tanzania, to compare Cassia (Senna) siamea, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis (all non-N2-fixing), Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis chilensis (both N2-fixing), and a grass fallow. Maize biomass production, which was correlated with N uptake (P=0.001), was higher on soils from plots with 5-year-old Leucaena and Prosopis spp. compared to the grass fallow, while other tree species had less favourable effects on maize growth. The per cent N was higher in soil and δ15N of soil total N was lower under Prosopis sp. compared to soil under other tree species, which suggests an input from N2 fixation by Prosopis sp. A transfer of fixed N to maize or to understorey grass species was, however, not indicated by the 15N natural abundance. Prosopis sp. contributed more C to the soil than the other four tree species; the difference in δ13C between soils from Prosopis sp. plots and from grass fallow plots showed that the tree contributed 11% to the total C of the soil over a period of 8 years. The leaves of the N2-fixing species had a low ratio of lignin+phenols to N, and maize growth was negatively correlated with this parameter. The Eucalyptus spp. had leaves with a high lignin+phenols to N ratio, contributed very little C to the soil, and lowered the soil pH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335818
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tree fallows: A comparison between five tropical tree species (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 50-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Agroforestry ; 15N ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phenolics ; 13C ; Tree fallows
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The natural abundance of 15N and 13C, conventional soil analyses, and biomass production by maize were used to study the influence of five tropical tree species on soils and their fertility. The experiment was conducted in Morogoro, Tanzania, to compare Cassia (Senna) siamea, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis (all non-N2-fixing), Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis chilensis (both N2-fixing), and a grass fallow. Maize biomass production, which was correlated with N uptake (P=0.001), was higher on soils from plots with 5-year-old Leucaena and Prosopis spp. compared to the grass fallow, while other tree species had less favourable effects on maize growth. The per cent N was higher in soil and δ15N of soil total N was lower under Prosopis sp. compared to soil under other tree species, which suggests an input from N2 fixation by Prosopis sp. A transfer of fixed N to maize or to understorey grass species was, however, not indicated by the 15N natural abundance. Prosopis sp. contributed more C to the soil than the other four tree species; the difference in δ13C between soils from Prosopis sp. plots and from grass fallow plots showed that the tree contributed 11% to the total C of the soil over a period of 8 years. The leaves of the N2-fixing species had a low ratio of lignin+phenols to N, and maize growth was negatively correlated with this parameter. The Eucalyptus spp. had leaves with a high lignin+phenols to N ratio, contributed very little C to the soil, and lowered the soil pH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335818
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extractability of 15N-labeled corn-shoot tissue in a sandy and a clay soil by 0.01 MCaCl2 method in laboratory incubation experiments (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): 15N ; Organic N ; Net mineralization of N ; CaCl2 extraction method ; Non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ ; Corn-shoot tissue ; Incubation method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Management of N fertilization depends not only on the mineral N measured at the beginning of the growing season but also on the status of the low-molecular-weight organic-N fraction. Our study was conducted to analyze how much of the 15N applied in labeled cornshoot tissue would be recovered in 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable 15N fractions and wheter a decrease in the CaCl2-extractable 15N fraction quantitatively followed the trend in net mineralization of the 15N applied in corn-shoot tissue during an incubation period. The effects of adding 15N-labeled young corn-shoot tissue to a sandy soil and a clay soil were investigated for 46 days in an aerobic incubation experiment at 25°C. The application of 80 mg N kg-1 soil in the form of labeled corn-shoot tissue (24.62 mg 15N kg-1 soil) resulted in a significant initial increase, followed by a decrease the labeled organic-N fraction in comparison with the untreated soils during the incubation. The labeled organic-N fraction was significantly higher in the sandy soil than in the clay soil until the 4th day of incubation. The decrease in labeled organic N in the sandy soil resulted in a subsequent increase in 15NO inf3 sup- during the incubation. Ammonification of applied plant N resulted in a significant increase in the 1 M HCl-extractable non-exchangeable 15NH inf4 sup+ fraction in the clay soik, owing to the vermiculite content. The 15N recovery was analyzed by the 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction method; at the beginning of the incubation experiment, recovery was 37.0% in the sandy soil and 36.7% in the clay soil. After 46 days of incubation, recovery increased to 47.2 and 43.8% in the sandy and clay soils, respectively. Net mineralization of the 15N applied in corn-shoot tissue determined after the 46-day incubation was 6.60 mg 15N kg-1 soil (=34.9% of the applied organic 15N) and 4.37 mg 15N kg-1 soil (=23.1% of the applied organic 15N) in the sandy and the clay soils, respectively. The decrease in the labeled organic-N fraction extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2 over the whole incubation period was 3.14 and 2.33 mg 15N kg-1 soil in the sandy and clay soil, respectively. These results indicate that net mineralization of 15N was not consistent with the decrease in the labeled organic-N fraction. This may have been due to the inability of 0.01 M CaCl2 to extract or desorb all of the applied organic 15N that was mineralized during the incubation period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384441
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of resistance toFusarium spp. of glasshouse-and field-grown tuber progenies of potato (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): disease screening ; progeny test ; Fusarium coeruleum ; Fusarium sulphureum ; Gibberella pulicaris ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Field-grown tubers of 22 progenies ofSolanum tuberosum L. generated in a crossing programme involving seven parents differing in resistance toFusarium coeruleum Lib. ex Sacc. andF. sulphureum Schlect. (=F. sambucinum Fuckel, teleomorphGibberella pulicaris (Fr.) Sacc.) were wound-inoculated with a cornmeal + sand culture of each pathogen. Parental genotypes were also included. The mean lesion size of each progeny was compared in 2 years of tests, as well as with published data on glasshouse-grown tubers. ForF. coeruleum there was a high correlation between years as well as with the glasshouse data, but no such correlations were apparent withG. pulicaris. Furthermore, parental and GCA values, as well as progeny means and mid-parent scores, also correlated highly forF. coeruleum but not forG. pulicaris. Glasshouse-grown tubers of 11 wildSolanum spp. were also inoculated with both pathogens. Some resistance to one or other, or both, was apparent, particularly inS. chacoense.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357739
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of potato wart susceptibility testing in Scotland (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): wart disease ; inoculation ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Synchytrium endobioticum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Sprouts of cvs Arran Chief, Pentland Kappa and Golden Wonder were inoculated with fresh wart tissue using the Glynne-Lemmerzahl (GL) method and results of tests carried out using five different incubation regimes were compared. When tubers of Arran Chief and Pentland Kappa were incubated uncovered in the light. rotting of sprouts was reduced and there was more extensive development of summer sporangia. Similar results were obtained on a range of cultivars when inoculations were done using summer or winter spores. Winter spores, which germinate freely in distilled water, can readily be extracted from dried rotted wart tissue to provide a reliable and continuous supply of inoculum. At the Scottish Agricultural Science Agency, wart susceptibility testing using the GL method has been done with winter spores since 1987.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357741
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in potato starch quality during growth (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Amylose ; cultivar ; glucose-6-phosphate ; granule size ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber size
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Potato starch quality parameters (amylose concentration, glucose-6-phosphate content and granule size) were analyzed in relation to the harvesting date and tuber size of four cultivars. A significant increase in the glucose-6-phosphate content and granule size of starch was observed during tuber growth, whereas the amylose concentration was constant. Granule size increased markedly, whereas glucose-6-phosphate content showed slightly increasing values with increasing tuber size. Amylose concentration showed no correlation with tuber size. We conclude that the changes in the granule size, glucose-6-phosphate and amylose content of potato starch during growth are independent of each other.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358205
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Soil survival and thiabendazole sensitivity ofHelminthosporium solani isolates from Alberta, Canada (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Silver scurf ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Mertect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Survival of the pathogen causing silver scurf of potato (Helminthosporium solani) in Alberta soils was studied by evaluatingH. solani infection in the progeny ofH. solani-free nuclear seed potato tubers planted in fields where potatoes had never been grown or were grown 1, 2, 3, or 4 years previously. Daughter tubers from all the fields developed silver scurf lesions, andH. solani was isolated from infected tubers. This is the first report of survival ofH. solani in Alberta soils. Soil-borne inoculum appears to have a role in the epidemiology of the disease and in the introduction of the pathogen into silver scurf-free potato seed stock. Of 31 plant species tested, only potato was found to be a host ofH. solani. Most of theH. solani isolates from north central Alberta were more sensitive to thiabendazole than those from southern Alberta, where thiabendazole is much more commonly used.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358203
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Screening tuber-bearingSolanum spp. for resistance toGlobodera rostochiensis Ro1 Woll. andG. pallida Pa2/3 stone (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): potato ; cyst nematodes ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Accessions of tuber-bearingSolanum spp. related toS. tuberosum subsp.tuberosum were obtained from the German-Dutch collection (Braunschweig, Germany) and the Inter-regional potato collection (Sturgeon Bay, USA). They were screened for resistance toG. rostochiensis Rol andG. pallida Pa2/3. Among 1567 clones from 52 accessions, 135 clones (23 accessions) were resistant toG. rostochiensis. They mainly representedS. andigena, gourlayi, spegazzinii andvernei. Among 1689 clones (74 accessions), 105 clones (32 accessions) were resistant toG. pallida. They representedS. gourlayi, spegazzinii, sparsipilum andvernei. About 25 clones were resistant to both species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359906
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physiological effects of calonyctin on development and yield of potato (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): senescence ; protein ; chlorophyll ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Calonyction aculeatum (L.) ; House
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Foliar sprays of calonyctin, a natural plant growth regulator extracted from the leaves ofCalonyction aculeatum (L.) House, at a concentration 0.05 activity units, increased the tuber yield of six potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars by 7–19% (mean 15%) during 1993 and 1994. Physiological differences between calonyctin-treated and untreated potato plants were usually detected 30–40 days after spraying them with calonyctin. The chlorophyll content of treated potato leaves increased, and the chlorophyll a:b ratio decreased. By 40 days after treatment the root oxidizability and soluble protein contents of different parts of the plants also increased. Their subsequent decline as the plants aged was inhibited by calonyctin. It is concluded that calonyctin delayed the senescence of potato plants and increased tuber growth at later stages of development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358207
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of water stress on the yielding capacity of potato crops and subsequent performance of seed tubers (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 153-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber size ; stem number ; physiological age ; dormancy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effect of water stress on yielding capacity of potatoes was studied in 3 years using four different levels of soil water potential (0.7, 1.9, 3.4 and 7.8 atm.) in experiments in specially adapted structures that excluded uncontrolled water supply. Seed tubers from these crops were planted in the following years to investigate effects of water stress on their subsequent performance. Limited soil moisture availability decreased yield and the number and size of tubers. The growing period was shortened by 1–4 weeks and dormancy period by 2–8 weeks. In the following year, seed produced under conditions of moisture stress gave plants with 20% fewer stems. 24–33% less yield, 18–22% fewer tubers and 19–22% fewer large tubers than plants from seed produced under abundant water supply. It is concluded that the yield potential of seed tubers can be improved by careful attention to the availability of soil moisture during their production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358215
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction toPhytophthora infestans of potato genotypes with race-specific resistance (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): virulence ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Phytophthora infestans isolates collected in Poland in 1987–1995 were evaluated on detached leaflets of a differential series consisting of potato genotypes possessing resistance genes R1–R11. On the same differentials was evaluated over three years a highly virulentP. infestans isolate MP 245. Isolate MP 245 and those from natural populations ofP. infestans were seldom or inconsistently pathogenic to R5, R8 and R9. When leaflets of the differentials were infected with MP 245 the lesions were often small and sporulation weak. A statistically significant interaction was found between years and pathogenicity of MP 245 to individual differentials. Attempts to train the isolate MP 245 for pathogenicity to R9 were unsuccessful. The variation in specific resistance of potato genotypes may complicate the evaluation of their resistance toP. infestans, as well as the evaluation of the virulence spectrum of natural fungus populations. This variation may be due to changes in specific pathogenicity of the fungus or in specific resistance of the potato. Some differentials have a possibly useful resistance toP. infestans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360912
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Susceptibility toPhytophthora infestans of field-and glass-house-grown potato tubers (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; disease screening ; late blight
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Tests for resistance toPhytophthora infestans were done twice in each of 2 years on field- and glasshouse-grown tubers of ten cultivars. The cultivar rankings, were almost identical for the means of the four glasshouse tests and the means of the four field tests. However, for the field tests but not for the glasshouse tests there were cultivar x harvest date and cultivar x year interactions. It is concluded that resistance can be assessed on glasshouse-grown tubers and that such assessments should prove more consistent over years than those done on field-grown tubers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360920
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigations into skin strength in potatoes: factors affecting skin adhesion strength (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): scuff meter ; skin structure ; suberin ; haulm destruction ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A standardised test of skin set (scuff meter) has been used to demonstrate the increase in skin adhesion of six varieties following haulm destruction. Increases in skin adhesion were characteristically linear in the six varieties but increased at different rates. At 49 days after haulm destruction, skin adhesion strengths were similar in all varieties except cv. Record which had a much greater skin adhesion strength. Differences in skin adhesion strength were poorly related to skin morphological characteristics such as skin thickness, cell size and suberin content. The method of haulm destruction affected skin adhesion strength with skins adhering more rapidly and more strongly to the tuber following haulm pulling compared with either desiccation with diquat or mechanical flailing. The method of haulm destruction did not influence skin morphological characteristics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360923
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Grids in groud cover measurements (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 533-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): radiation ; interception ; light ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Two methods for measuring the proportion of crop ground cover were compared. Both employed a rectangular grid of cords fitted in a frame at regular distances. One was based on the proportion of rectangles in which green area occupied more than half, and the other was based on the proportion of intersects coinciding with green area. The second method was accurate under all circumstances. Whereas the first method was found to give biased records when the smallest details in the canopy were small compared to the grid cell size. A theoretical estimate of the standard error of the intersect method was derived for homogeneous canopies and confirmed by experimental data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358472
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glycoalkaloid accumulation during tuber development of early potato cultivars (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): α-solanine ; α-chaconine ; C:S ratio ; glycoalkaloid content ; tuber size ; individual tubers ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Plants of early potato cultivars were sampled at successive harvests during tuber development and individual tubers were analysed for α-solanine and α-chaconine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Mean tuber total glycoalkaloid concentration (α-solanine plus α-chaconine) per plant decreased with time and statistically significant differences between cultivars were observed in the patterns of decline during tuber growth. The mean tuber ratio of α-chaconine to α-solanine increased during tuber development and was also affected by genotype. Total glycoalkaloid concentration for individual tubers of marketable sizes (up to 50 g fresh weight) exceeded the safety limit of 20 mg per 100 g fresh weight for cultivars Home Guard and British Queen but not for Rocket. These differences were attributable to differences in both rates and patterns of glycoalkaloid accumulation during tuber development, although in all cultivars results were consistent with glycoalkaloid accumulation occurring in the expanding peripheral cell layers of tubers for a considerable period after tuber initiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358434
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    External K requirement of young plants of potato, sugar beet and wheat in flowing solution culture resulting from different internal requirements and uptake efficiency (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): ratio ; root-shoot ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Potato, wheat and sugar beet were grown in a growth chamber in tanks with flowing solutions containing K-concentrations of 1.5, 5, 15, 50 and 200 μM to find reasons for different K contents of solution needed to reach 90% maximum dry matter accumulation (external K requirement). All species showed variation in dry matter accumulation with varying K levels. To reach 90% maximum dry matter accumulation potato needed 40 μM K, whereas wheat and sugar beet needed 6.4 and 4.4 μM K respectively. These differences in external K requirement could not be explained by differences in their internal K requirement since the internal requirement of potato (7.7% K) was about one and a half times of that of sugar beet (5.4%) but its external requirement was nine times of that of sugar beet. At low K supply potato plants showed a lower influx and a reduced root growth as compared with wheat and sugar beet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358193
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heterosis and combining ability analysis for resistance to early blight (Alternaria solani) in potato (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; general combining ability ; specific combining ability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In an epiphytotic year of early blight, data were recorded on its incidence in 72 progenies (18 females x 4 males) and their parents planted in a randomised complete block design at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Combining ability analysis showed that both additive and non-additive gene action were important, with a preponderance of the latter in the inheritance of resistance to early blight. In general, progenies were as good as or better than mid-parent values. Crosses involving both or at least one parent with good general combining ability resulted in heterotic early blight resistant progenies. Promising parents and crosses were identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358963
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Der Einflu\ variierter Düngung, einer Pflanzenschutzmittel-Anwendung und der Lagerung auf den Glykoalkaloid-Gehalt in Kartoffelknollen zweier Sorten (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanin ; Chaconin ; Magnesium ; Kalium ; Stickstoff ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Phytophthora infestans ; Feldversuch
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Field experiments were carried out for three years to study the effect of various magnesium, potassium and nitrogen fertilization rates on two medium-early edible potato cultivars. Additionally, one of the experimental areas was sprayed againstPhytophthora infestans to ascertain the effect of fungicides on the content of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) in potato tubers after harvest and after six months of storage. The applied fungicide treatments increased total glycoalkaloids (TGA) of potato tubers (Fig. 4). Fertilization with mineral nitrogen caused different reactions in both cultivars. There was a tendency for cv. Beryl to accumulate more glycoalkaloids with increasing nitrogen fertilization rates, while the opposite was observed for cv. Mila (Fig. 7). Fertilization with potassium and magnesium did not affect the results. On the basis of these results there was no conclusive evidence that the TGA content in the tubers was dependent on cultivar or on the weather during the growing season (Figs 1,2 and 3). The TGA content increased during storage, independently of previous treatments, (Figs 4–7).
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Feldversuche in drei Jahren mit zwei Speisekartoffelsorten, verschiedenen Mengen an Mineraldüngern und der Anwendungen eines Pflanzenschutzmittelns gegenPhytophthora infestans angelegt. Die Knollen wurden direkt nach der Ernte sowie nach einer sechsmonatigen Lagerung auf Glykoalkaloidgehalt untersucht. Zwischen den Sorten treten statistisch gesicherte Unterschiede im Gehalt an Glykoalkaloiden auf. Die Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln während der Vegetation erhöht den Gesamtgehalt an Glykoalkaloiden (TGA) in den Kartoffelknollen kurz nach der Ernte. Eine variierte Mineraldüngung hat keinen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf den TGA-Gehalt in den Proben kurz nach der Ernte, N- und K-Düngung verändern diesen jedoch im Laufe der Lagerung. Unabhängig von den übrigen Bedingungen erhöht sich der TGA-Gehalt in diesem Versuch während der Lagerung im Mittel von 5,8 auf 7,7 mg/100g Frischsubstanz.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358393
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro tuberisation of potato: the interaction of ancymidol and photoperiod (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 601-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): growth regulator ; sucrose ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Ancymidol-induced in vitro tuberisation under different photoperiodic regimes (dark, SD=8 h, LD=16 h) and sucrose concentrations (2, 4, 6 and 8%) in cv. Jaerla (early) and cv. Baraka (late) was studied. Tuberisation was scored after 4 (dark) or 8 (light) weeks. Ancymidol significantly increased tuberisation under LD-SD for any sucrose concentration in both cultivars. Ancymidol also significantly increased tuberisation under LD-dark for 6% sucrose in both cultivars. Tuberisation in cv. Jaerla was significantly higher than in cv. Baraka for any photoperiodic treatment in the presence or absence of ancymidol with 4, 6 or 8% sucrose. The photoperiod SD-SD resulted in the higher level of tuberisation for any combination of sucrose, cultivar and ancymidol. The possible role of ancymidol is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358177
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some sprouting characteristics of microtubers (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 611-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): dormancy ; potato ; losses ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; seed potato production
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Microtubers can be stored longer, transported and handled easier than plantlets, but they have some disadvantages related to long dormancy. Dormancy, number of sprouts per tuber and loss of microtubers under different storage temperatures were studied. Microtubers of four genotypes originated from different tuberization treatments (photoperiod combinations) were observed. We found that dormancy depended on cultivar and — in some cases — on the photoperiod treatment applied during tuberization. Generally, the dormacy was long and was greatly elongated by low storage temperature. One of the photoperiod treatments shortened while the other treatment prolonged the rest-period compared to the control, maybe due to a change in temperature accompanying the change in daily light (photoperiod combination). Besides, these treatments affected the number of sprouts per tuber. There was no significant difference in duration of dormancy between different tuber-size groups, but the loss increased significanctly with a decrease in tuber size. Based on this information we can use microtubers more effectively in the seed potato production programme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358179
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatments on weight loss and changes in chemical composition of potato tubers stored at 4°C (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; reducing sugars ; sucrose ; ascorbic acid ; citric acid ; nitrate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Pot and field experiments were carried out to test fertilizer treatments on the behaviour of potato tubers stores at 4°C and ≥90% relative humidity for 6 months. Weight losses (separated into water and dry matter) were enhanced after N and K fertilization and decreased by increasing P supply. Glucose and fructose contents were reduced at harvest by high N-fertilizer rates compared to no or low fertilization, but throughout storage reducing sugar accumulation was increased, sucrose reduction was decreased and ascorbic acid was increased. K fertilization affected the chemical composition of the tubers somewhat similar to that of nitrogen fertilization. High initial nitrate content of the tubers seemed to be increased and low nitrate values were decreased during storage. The tubers from pot experiments showed similar changes but of greater magnitude.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358074
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An investigation of the level of reducing sugars in diploid potatoes before and after cold storage (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; diploid interspecific hybrids ; Solanum spp., chipping ability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The reducing sugar content and chip colour were studied in diploid potatoes bred for superior table and chipping quality. The reducing sugar content in the tubers of 119 diploid clones was estimated before and after cold storage (4–6°C) in the years 1987–1991, and reducing sugar and chip colour were determined in 1990 and 1991 for 36 clones. Thirty two clones had a significantly lower reducing sugar content after cold storage than cv. Mila. The year of evaluation, storage temperature and genotype significantly affected the reducing sugar content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357735
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sämlingsselektion auf Virus- und Nematodenresistenz beiSolanum tuberosum L. 3. Selektion von Kartoffelsämlingen auf die Merkmalskombination ‘extreme Y-Virus- und Pathotyp Ro1-Resistenz des Gelben Kartoffelnematoden’ (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 419-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; Virusresistenzzüchtung ; Nematodenresistenzzüchtung ; Selektionsverfahren ; Sämlingsselektion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird ein Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Selektion von Kartoffelsämlingen auf extreme Y-Virus- und Nematodenresistenz. Pikierte Kartoffelsämlinge werden dazu künstlich mit Y-Virus infiziert, getopfte Pflanzen massivem Befall durch den Gelben Kartoffelnematoden ausgesetzt und nur visuell befallsfreie Genotypen weitergeführt. Die Sämlingsselektion führte zu einer Verdoppelung kombiniert resistenter Kartoffelgenotypen in der Resistenzprüfung. Einsatzgebiet war die Auslese von Zuchteltern.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357748
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production and use of seedling tubers from true potato seed (TPS) for potato cultivation in Italy (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): seedling density ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber size ; 4X×4X ; 4X×2X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effect of varying plant population on the production of tubers from potato seedlings was investigated during 1992 and 1993 using three different plant densities: 35, 70, 100 plants/m2. Increasing the plant population significantly increased the number of tubers produced, but no significant difference was found between the plant densities of 70 and 100 plants/m2. The seedling tubers produced in nursery beds were tested in the field for ware potato production using different sized tubers. The best performances were obtained using tubers 30–40 mm. Significant differences were evident among the 7 true potato seed (TPS) families used, but data grouped by type of cross did not indicate any significant difference between 4X×4X and 4X×2X crossing groups.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358200
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simple and rapid method for the detection of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) by RT-PCR (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): immobilisation ; filter paper ; dot RT-PCR ; print RT-PCR ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A test procedure for PSTVd is described based on immobilisation of plant sap on filter paper, by dotting or tissue printing followed by RT-PCR. Tests were carried out using primarily and secondarily infected potato plants, primarily infected in vitro plants, and potato tubers. Print PCR was shown to be suitable for testing large samples of potato plants whereas dot PCR is recommended for in vitro plantlets and tuber tissue. Bulking one infected plant to 4 or 9 healthy plants gave reliable results with secondarily infected potato plants, but sometimes the test failed to detect PSTVd in primarily infected in vitro plants. Dotted and printed paper squares could be stored at 4°C for at least 2 weeks in Triton X-100 solution or under dry conditions. Storing at room temperature can lead to unreliable results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360256
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Progeny tests to identify diploid potato clones homozygous at loci controlling resistance to PLRV (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): homozygous genotypes ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Using potato parental lines homozygous at a locus or loci controlling resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) can give advantages in the selection of resistant forms. In order to identify homozygous diploid clones their test-cross families were evaluated. All the clones that were test-crossed expressed resistance in primarily- and secondarily-infected plants and etiolated sprouts, and were derived from mating genotypes highly resistant to PLRV. Genotypes from test-cross families varied in resistance to PLRV, and one family was found which had only resistant genotypes, suggesting that the resistant parent of this progeny was homozygous at resistance loci. Evidence was gathered that resistance in some diploid clones may result from resistance to virus multiplication as well as restricted virus transport from leaves to tubers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358192
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantifying damage as percentage potato tuber volume lost per peeler stroke (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; quality ; bruising ; external ; internal ; model ; index
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Methods for quantifying external damage and bruising can be inaccurate and result in an index that is difficult to interpret. A new index was derived by taking measurements of peeled slices from cv. Record and developing a mathematical model to predict the percentage volume removed per peeler stroke for a range of potato cultivars. It was found that an average of 1.25% of the tuber volume was removed per peeler stroke. By counting the number of peeler strokes to remove damaged tissue and multiplying by 1.25, an estimate of the percentage tuber volume lost due to bruising or external damage can be obtained. The index can accommodate most types of damage and result in an index that is readily understood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358197
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation in tuber pathogenicity ofPhytophthora infestans in the Netherlands (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 345-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): tuber blight ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; disease assessment ; fungal pathogenicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Variation in aggressiveness to tubers among isolates ofPhytophthora infestans sampled from three potato growing regions in the Netherlands was compared. Variation in the ability to infect tubers of cv. Bintje was found between isolates of each of the three regional populations. The most aggressive isolate of the old population matched the average level of the new population in its ability to infect tubers. As a consequence, the commonly used reference isolate VK 6C can no longer be considered to be representative of the present population ofP. infestans. Therefore it is recommended that testing tuber resistance for the official list of potato cultivars with this isolate should be discontinued. Tuber infection and subsequent spread of the fungus in the tuber tissues were not found to be correlated. The components of tuber pathogenicity studied were not correlated to pathogenicity factors in the foliage, as measured under growth chamber conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358967
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro evaluation of resistance of potato cultivars toPhytophthora infestans (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): late blight ; testing methods ; electrolyte leakage ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The resistance of ten potato cultivars (Agria, Ajax, Désirée, Liseta, Kennebec, Majestic. Monalisa, Prima, Spunta and Tonda di Berlino) toPhytophthora infestans was analyzed in vitro using 8 fungal strains. An assay based on electrolyte leakage was used for screening leaves and tuber tissues with fungal culture filtrates. With almost all cultivars the resistance of leaves did not correlate with the resistance of tubers. Cv. Ajax appeared the least susceptible in both leaf and tuber tests, while the cv. Prima was the most susceptible in tuber tests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358396
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Early potatoes in Italy with particular reference to Sicily (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): earliness ; planting season ; Mediterranean area ; off-season production ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In Italy, the early potato cultivars of greatest economic significance are those grown off-season, in a cycle which is generally much earlier than the typical spring-summer cycle. Of the area given over to early potatoes in Italy, more than 90% is in the southern regions. The economic value of this production is due to its extraseasonality, which allows much of the early potato harvest to be sold on foreign markets. In Sicily, more than 5000 ha of potato are grown, with a high frequency of potato crops on small plots. Early potatoes are often rotated with various fruits and vegetables, and the length of the cycle is variable, from 100 to 140 days. Choosing the most suitable cultivar is the most complex aspect of early potato growing. Of the criteria used, tuber growth rate has shown most validity. In Sicily two cultivars are mainly grown: Sieglinde and the more recent but well-established Spunta. Agricultural techniques used for early potato cultivation vary depending on the area. An overview of the agronomic practices used in different areas is given in this paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357855
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica in second backcross populations of somatic hybrids betweenSolanum tuberosum andS. brevidens (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): potato ; solt rot ; blackleg ; early selection ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Solanum brevidens Phil
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Eleven clones obtained from a cross between cv. Katahdin and fusion products betweenSolanum tuberosum and the non tuber-bearing speciesS. brevidens, were backcrossed again withS. tuberosum (clone AR80-127-5). Small tubers harvested from 583 seedlings of these second backcross (BC2) populations were screened for tuber tissue resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica under aerobic conditions. After multiplication in the field. BC2 clones again were screened for soft rot resistance under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions. In general, the resistance of the BC2 populations was reduced in comparison with the BC1. Variation for resistance was found within the BC2 populations, but there was no correlation between the results of the three tests performed. Four BC2 populations were also screenned for resistance to blackleg in the field. Significant differences were found between populations for mean percentage of diseased plants, but these differences could not be explained by the resistance of the parental clones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358064
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of saline irrigation and water deficit on tuber quality (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): fry colour ; dry matter content ; tuber size ; ion and solute accumulation ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effect of salinity and water dificit on the quality of tubers for processing was investigated. Total tuber yield was not affected by the treatments, while the percentage of non-marketable tubers was significantly reduced by high salinity (ECi=6dS m−1) and by water reduction. Accumulation of dry matter in the tubers was increased by all the treatments, that of proline by salinity only and the content of reducing sugars was increased only by water deficit. The colour of the french fries was similar in tubers from the various treatments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358078
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Formation of microsclerotia ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. on various plant parts of two potato cultivars (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): reproduction ; distribution ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Potato plants of cvs Element and Mirka were artificially infected withV. dahliae in two greenhouse experiments. Leaf blade, petiole, aerial stem, subterranean stem, stolon and root mass were separately harvested both when the canopy was still green and at maturity. After 4 weeks incubation, the plant tissue was air-dried and the numbers of microsclerotia per mg tissue and per plant were determined. The highest numbers of microsclerotia were observed in the haulm when harvest took place at maturity. Cultivar Element yielded significantly more microsclerotia in the haulm than cv. Mirka, whilst there were no cultivar differences in the microsclerotial production on subterranean parts. The petiole and the aerial stem contributed most to the total microsclerotial production, whereas roots were much more important for formation of microsclerotia than stolons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357927
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Penetration of potato tuber lenticels by bacteria in relation to biological control of blackleg disease (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 333-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): safranin stain ; fluorescent brightener ; Erwinia carotovora ssp.atroseptica ; tuber development ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In a glasshouse experiment three potato cultivars were grown to maturity in wet or dry compost. The number of lenticels per tuber was greater with larger tubers but was unaffected by the cultivar or soil moisture regime. The frequency of lenticel penetration by a water soluble stain, safranin O, remained high as tubers developed to maturity in wet soil. In dry soil penetration declined markedly as the tubers matured. When tubers, harvested just before the onset of haulm senescence, were inoculated withErwinia carotovora ssp.atroseptica, the frequency of lenticel rotting was less than the rate of stain penetration, indicating that additional factors were involved in the bacterial infection process. Inoculating mature tubers with bacteria and incubating them in anaerobic conditions frequently resulted in rotting of the lenticels. Comparable tubers incubated in aerobic conditions showed no rotting or invasion by bacteria. The results are discussed in relation to the biological control of blackleg.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357937
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recent developments in our knowledge of potato transgenic biology (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 411-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; disease ; quality ; carbohydrates ; starch ; carbon partitioning ; development ; stress ; molecular farming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Transgenic potato plants are being generated world-wide to assess the impact of transgene expression (sense and/or antisense) on parameters as diverse as yield, quality, stress physiology and pest/disease resistance. Strategies for alternative uses of the potato crops by diverting metabolism into high value products or by expressing recombinant proteins are also being explored. Results obtained are often surprising although the science of plant molecular biology is relatively young. Whilst the outcome of any transgenic approach is by no means certain, this review provides sufficient examples to illustrate the versatility and applicability of transgenic biology in potato improvement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357947
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of controlled atmosphere, temperature and cultivar on sprouting and processing quality of stored potatoes (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 523-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): CO2 ; O2 Record ; Saturna ; Hermes ; sprout length ; fry colour ; sugar ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Three crisping potato cultivars, Record, Saturna and Hermes, were stored at 5 or 10°C in gas mixtures of either 0.5% CO2 and 21.0% O2 (control) or 9.4, 6.4, 3.6 or 0.4% CO2 all combined with 3.6% O2. There was almost complete sprout inhibition, low weight loss and maintenance of a healthy skin for all cultivars stored in 9.4% CO2 with 3.6% O2 at 5°C for 25 weeks. When tubers from this treatment were stored for a further 20 weeks in air at 5°C the skin remained healthy and they did not sprout. The fry colour of crisps made from these potatoes was darker than the industry standard but when they were reconditioned, tubers of cv. Saturna produced crisps of an acceptable fry colour while crisps from the other two cultivars remained too dark. Reducing sugar levels were related to fry colour both after storage and after reconditioning. The other gas combinations and the controls did not have the same effect on sprouting and none of the controlled atmosphere treatments controlled sprouting at 10°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358471
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field performance of potato minitubers with different fresh weights and conventional seed tubers: Multiplication factors and progeny yield variation (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; seed production ; variability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Multiplication factors and progeny yield variation in crops from minitubers of five weight classes (ranging from 0.13–0.25 g to 2.00–3.99 g) and conventional seed tubers were studied in field experiments in three years. Multiplication factors were calculated as the number and weight of progeny tubers produced per planted tuber or per unit planted tuber weight. They were lower for the lighter minitubers when calculated per tuber and higher when calculated per weight. Yield variation was described by coefficients of variation for the number and weight of progeny tubers produced. Variation over individual plants of a crop was higher in stands from the lighter minitubers. Variation over plots within a field was sometimes higher for the lighter minitubers, but variation over years was similar for all minituber classes. Variation over plots in progeny tuber weight was higher for minitubers than for conventional tubers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357929
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of potato store operation on energy usage and weight loss (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): storage ; energy usage ; store temperature ; store management ; weight loss ; power consumption ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effect of various storage parameters on the power usage and tuber weight loss for a fully refrigerated potato store were investigated. A computer model validated by detailed monitoring of potato stores was used for the calculations. The store parameters considered were: storage temperature, store relative humidity, local ambient conditions, store capacity or loading factor, half cooling time and the infiltration rate or air tightness of the store. The investigation showed that the power consumption was most affected by the storage temperature and the infiltration rate of the store, and that weight loss was most affected by the half cooling time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359907
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of laboratory and field reactions of a range of potato cultivars to infection withSynchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): wart disease ; susceptibility ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A comparison of reactions of potato cultivars toS. endobioticum indicated that the degree of susceptibility observed in laboratory tests correlated well with the reaction of cultivars in field tests. Some cultivars found to be less resistant (Resistance Grade 2) in laboratory tests produced winter spores in the field test, and 10% of those derived from cv. Ausonia germinated in distilled water. Compost from the field plot was estimated to contain 14–18 apparently viable spores/g. and this resulted in 100% infection of the highly susceptible cv. Arran Chief. The implications of these findings for descheduling sites previously scheduled due to wart infestation are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359910
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of irrigation regimes on growth and yield of potato cv. Spunta (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 307-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; leaf transpiration ; stomatal resistance ; Mediterranean environment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effect of furrow and drip irrigation giving 0, 33, 66, 100 and 133% of the maximum evapotranspiration (ETM) was studied on leaf transpiration, stomatal resistance, tuber growth, yield and yield response of cv. Spunta. The research was carried out in Sicily in 1988 and 1989 on early potato crops grown during the winter/spring cycle. Increased water supply increased leaf transpiration, plant fresh weight, tuber growth rate, yield and earliness, and decreased stomatal resistance and tuber dry weight. A higher yield response was obtained at the lower water regimes (ETM of 33 and 66%). There were no significant differences between the two methods of irrigation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357733
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detecting resistance to the root-knot nematodesMeloidogyne hapla andM. chitwoodi in potato and wildSolanum spp. (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 353-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): genetic variation ; resistance screening ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Various methods of screening for resistance to root-knot nematodes were compared and evaluated. Seedling populations ofSolanum spp., grown in clay pots and plastic tubes with silver sand and inoculated with juveniles ofMeloidogyne chitwoodi andM. hapla, showed large differences in the number of egg masses on roots 7 weeks after inoculation. The differences were reproducible when re-testing was done with cuttings and plants from tubers. No resistance toMeloidogyne spp. was observed with ten potato cultivars when grown in clay pots, plastic tobes or closed containers. Plants from tubers in growth pouches developed a large two-dimensional root system, and after inoculation with juveniles the infection process could be observed over 8 weeks. A method of infecting potato tuber tissue withMeloidogyne is described, using tuber slices in Petri dishes as a potential screening test for tuber resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357740
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sämlingsselektion auf Virus- und Nematodenresistenz beiSolanum tuberosum L. 1. Auslese auf Überempfindlichkeitsresistenz der Kartoffel gegen potato virus S durch künstliche Infektion der Sämlinge (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 407-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; Virusresistenzzüchtung ; Sämlingsselektion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Studien an 7328 Kartoffelsämlingen und 179 Zuchtstämmen genetisch geeigneter Populationen konzentrierten sich auf die Erarbeitung eines Inokulations- und Selektionsverfahrens. Die Virusinokulation kann mit der Spritzpistole erfolgen, muß aber an getopften Kartoffelsämlingen vorgenommen werden. In Kombination mit der Serodiagnose in den ersten 3 Klongenerationen erzielte ein darauf aufgebautes Selektionsverfahren in der Resistenzprüfung 88.2% Zuchtstämme mit Überempfindlichkeitsresistenz gegen potato virus S gegen nur 55.6% ohne Sämlingsinfektion und Serodiagnose in nur einer Klongeneration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357746
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sämlingsselektion auf Virus- und Nematodenresistenz beiSolanum tuberosum L. 2. Zur künstlichen Y-Virusinfektion und Auslese auf extreme Resistenz bei Kartoffelsämlingen in Hydrostaukultur (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; Virusresistenzzüchtung ; Selektionsverfahren ; Sämlingsselektion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Zur Auslese auf extreme Y-Virusresistenz kann auch an Kartoffelsämlingen in Hydrostaukultur die künstliche Infektion Anwendung finden. Die Virusinokulation mittels Spritzpistole muß allerdings an Sämlingen in der Aussaatschale und vor der Anzucht in Hydrostaukultur erfolgen. Intensive Bestandeskontrolle. Pflanzguttestung der ersten Klongenerationen und konsequentes Verwerfen Y-Virusbefallener Zuchtstämme sicherten, daß sämlingsinfiziertes Zuchtmaterial im Neuzuchtgarten keine gefährliche Virusinfektionquelle darstellte und ohne räumliche. Trennung gemeinsam mit dem übrigen Zuchtgartenmaterial angebaut werden konnte.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357747
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fortieth volume of Potato Research: a selective history (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): scientific journal ; professional organization ; agronomy ; crop science ; research ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Potato Research started as the “European Potato Journal”, the official journal of the European Association for Potato Research, in 1958, was re-named “Potato Research” in 1970 (Volume 13) and has published mainly original scientific contributions in 39 volumes. The authorship has become increasingly international and currently writes predominantly in English, although papers are also offered in German or French. Topics covered have seen clear changes over volumes, mainly reflecting trends and break-throughs in (potato) science.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407557
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stomatal resistance of three potato cultivars as influenced by soil water status, humidity and irradiance (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): minimum stomatal resistance ; soil water ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; photosynthetic photon flux density ; vapour pressure deficit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Leaf stomatal resistance varies considerably in response to changes in environmental conditions. Understanding cultivar differences in the response of stomata to these conditions is important for effectively simulating water-use and growth. In this study the stomatal resistance of three field grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Atlantic. Monona and Norchip was observed in response to photosynthetic photon flux density, leaf to air vapour pressure difference and root zone available soil water. Substantial variation in stomatal resistance was accounted for by functions of the environmental variables for both Monona and Norchip. The explained variation for Atlantic was considerably less. Light saturation occurred near 500 μmol m−2 s−1. Increasing stomatal resistance above 1000 μmol m−2s−1 was also observed but is likely an artifact of stomatal closure on days in which mid-day leaf water potentials dropped below critical levels. Although the leaf presumably insufficient to obtain substantial effects. The soil water status was partially linked to the average 1000 h to 1500 h stomatal resistance on clear, sunny days. Significant differences were observed among the cultivars in the response of stomata to changes in the available soil water.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407561
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of condensation on sporulation ofHelminthosporium solani on potato tubers infected with silver scurf and held in simulated store conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): skin resistance ; temperature ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Chambers were designed to simulate environmental conditions present in commercial potato stores and were used to introduce condensation to tubers infected with silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani). The electrical resistance measured across the skin of tubers from the top of the chambers was consistently lower than that from the bottom of the chamber, and this was reflected in an increased number ofH. solani spores produced by the top tubers. An increase in the length of the condensation period resulted in the skin resistance remaining lower for a longer period and also resulted in higher number of spores. Tubers held at relatively high ambient temperatures (15 °C) required a shorter period of condensation to cause an increase in spore count. This investigation highlighted the need for close monitoring of store environments so that condensation events can be quickly identified and the tubers dried.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358243
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Treatment of seed potatoes with prochloraz for simultaneous control of silver scurf and black dot on progeny tubers (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; Helminthosporium solani ; Colletotrichum coccodes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Potato seed tubers infected withHelminthosporium solani andColletotrichum coccodes were treated with prochloraz (as Omega 450 g a.i. l−1 EC) and/or prochloraz managanese chloride (as Octave 25 g/kg DP), and planted in two separate fields not previously cultivated with potatoes. Dipping seed 28 d prior to planting in 2,4 or 6 g a.i. l−1 Omega, and dusting with 500 or 750 g Octave per 100 kg seed significantly reduced the incidence of silver scurf and black dot on progeny tubers. In one field, the higher concentrations of Omega and Octave gave slightly better control than the lower Omega concentrations. At the second site, postharvest application of 4 g a.i. l−1 Omega or 750 g Octave per 100 kg seed limited development of both diseases on progeny tubers, with slightly better control when an additional Octave dusting was applied 14 d before planting. None of the prochloraz treatments adversely affected plant stand or tuber yield.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358247
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of some environmental factors on potato tuber numbers (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 297-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): light ; temperature ; stolon growth medium ; below ground nodes ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Five experiments studied the effects of shading, temperature and stolon growth medium on stolon and tuber formation. The lowest numbers of stolons and tubers were produced at the higher and lower nodes. Numbers of primary stolons and tubers were relatively stable across nodes and treatments and variation in total numbers was largely due to changes in numbers of lateral and branch stolons. In the field, 70% shading reduced numbers of stolons and tubers by reducing lateral and branch stolons, while in hydroponics, 45% shading and temperatures at initiation had no effect on tuber numbers. In both environments later planting tended to reduce numbers of stolons and tubers. There were large effects of the physical environment, with compost producing three times as many tubers as dry vermiculite. The potential number of tubers may be determined by the number of stolons and the environmental conditions affecting stolon formation and development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358011
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of soil characteristics on the relationship between potato cyst nematodes and yield. I. Water retention (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 367-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; soil type ; soil pF ; cultivar ; damage ; tolerance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Data from five long-term field experiments on sandy and sandy peat soils were analyzed for the effect of soil type on damage caused by potato cyst nematodes to potato crops. It was shown that the water retention of the topsoil and the subsoil largely determined the potential yield level in the different fields. According to Oostenbrink's equation the slopes of the curves are steeper with increasing yield level, indicating that the higher the potential yield level, the higher the absolute yield loss. However, when yield was expressed as percentage of maximum yield, yield reduction related to potato cyst nematode density did not differ significantly, except when tolerant cultivars were grown. Increasing tolerance of cultivars to nematode damage was reflected in less steep slopes of the yield/nematode density curves.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357995
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Forty years of potato research: highlights, achievements and prospects (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 5-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): agronomy ; breeding ; physiology ; pathology ; virology ; engineering ; utilization ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The highlights and achievements of 40 years of potato research in agronomy; genetics, breeding and varietal assessment; physiology; pathology (including nematology); virology; engineering; and utilization are reviewed and the prospects for new developments are analysed. In all disciplines progress has been impressive and has changed the potato industry dramatically. Yet, some old problems remain unsolved (Phytophthora infestans, blackspot) or are returning (cyst and other nematodes) and new problems have arisen (e. g. volunteer potatoes, new strains of PVY, virulent cold-resistant strains ofPseudomonas solanacearum). The potato industry faces new challenges from society (environmentally safe production) and the consumers (improved quality). Farmers, researchers and processors have access to many new exciting techniques, tools and opportunities, such as precision farming, genetic engineering, molecular detection and analytical techniques, integrated chain management, novel preservation and processing methods. The problems and opportunities both warrant a continued effort in potato research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407558
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimating potato leaf area index for specific cultivars (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 251-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): LAI ; canopy expansion ; radiation use efficiency ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; soil water
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The growth and duration of crop leaf area determines the amount of solar radiation intercepted by the canopy and therefore influences the extent of photosynthesis, evaporation, transpiration and final dry matter yield. The objective of this study was to develop cultivar specific relationships to estimate the daily leaf area index (LAI) for the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) that included the effects of available soil water. The model is divided into three LAI growth stages, the durations of which are partially related to potato heat units (PHU). The LAI in the first stage is estimated from a cultivar specific leaf area-based radiation use efficiency index with a soil water reduction factor. The second stage involves the maintenance of a constant LAI with the duration related to both PHU and a soil water index that can accelerate senescence. The final stage includes a decrease in the LAI from a maximum to zero in response to a cultivar specific PHU accumulation. Model simulations compared favourably with independent LAI measurements obtained with a LI-COR plant canopy analyzer over two seasons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358007
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation in pathogenicity on potato tubers and sensitivity to thiabendazole of the dry rot fungusFusarium avenaceum (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): fungicide resistance ; cultivars ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The majority of isolates ofFusarium avenaceum caused dry rot on potato tubers; many were as pathogenic asF. coeruleum. Pathogenicity ofF. avenaceum was not related to the plant species from which the isolates originated. Tubers of potato cv. Cara were more susceptible than those of cvs Romano or Maris Piper. Temperature (5–15° C) had no effect on lesion depth but lesions tended to be slightly wider at the lowest temperature. Two isolates (of 61) from wheat and white lupin had a moderate level of resistance to thiabendazole. The results are discussed in relation to the control of dry rot in stored potato tubers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357994
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Using chemical and biological treatments to reduce the potential of potato leak caused byPythium aphanidermatum in Tunisia (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): fungicides ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Trichoderma harzianum ; watery wound rot
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The effect of fungicides and the antagonistic fungusTrichoderma harzianum (Th) on the potato leak pathogenPythium aphanidermatum (Pa) was investigated in vitro. Rot was reduced by 73% to 89% when tubers inoculated withPa were treated by immersion in solutions (0.5% w/v) of the fungicides Ridomil MZ58. Dithane M45. Manebe 80 and Tachigaren 360. Complete protection was achieved by dusting inoculated tubers with Ridomil MZ58 diluted in kaolin at a final concentration of 0.1% (w/w). The biological treatments of dipping inoculated tubers in a conidial water suspension ofTh at 108 conidia/ml or of dusting with a mixture of a barley culture ofTh and kaolin to a final concentration of 2×109 conidia/g were as effective as the chemical treatments. Control was still effective when inoculated tubers were treated with Ridomil MZ58. Tachigaren 360 or the conidial suspension ofTh after 24h incubation at 25°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357998
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recent developments in potato research: scientific highlights of the EAPR conference in Sorrento, Italy, May 1999 (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 381-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): agronomy ; breeding ; pathology ; physiology ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; storage ; utilisation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary This contribution presents highlights of the oral and poster presentations in the various sessions of the 14th Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research, held in Sorrento, Italy, May 1999. It is based on the reports of the session chairpersons and the book of abstracts. The paper reports the progress made in many aspects of potato research, but also stresses the need for further collaborative work, especially in the fields of molecular physiology, marker assisted breeding, control of late blight, potato tuber moth and other pests and diseases, stress physiology and stress resistance, and sustainable cropping systems with both short and long cycle potato crops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357864
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potential for artefacts in the measurement of fructose and sucrose in extracts of potato tubers using the microplate reader assay (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 383-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): alcohol dehydrogenase ; phosphoglucose isomerase ; sugar assay ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Artefactual results were obtained during assay of sugars in ethanolic extracts of potato tubers with the microplate method. The problem was attributed to contamination with alcohol dehydrogenase of the commercial (yeast) phosphoglucose isomerase used in the assay. The use of phosphoglucose isomerase from another source (rabbit muscle) eliminated the problem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358970
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between potato cyst nematodes and their principal host. II. Evaluation of mathematical descriptors relating potato yield and nematode density (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 327-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; tolerance ; yield forecasting ; damage ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary To describe the relationship between nematode density and yield, four equations of increasing complexity are found in the literature. They concern a linear regression curve, a log linear regression curve, a regression curve based on an exponential relation and an inverse linear regression curve. The yield to PCN density responses of these equations are shown on a linear and on a logarithmic scale. Considerable differences are shown in the way they respond to the same data. None of these equations is able to explain or forecast yield decrease caused by potato cyst nematodes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358014
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessing progenies of potato for resistance to skin spot (Polyscytalum pustulans) in the glasshouse (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 383-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; disease screening
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Crosses were made between six parents differing in susceptibility to skin spot and glasshouse-grown tubers from true seedlings of the nine resulting progenies assessed for resistance to the disease. The assessment was evaluated by a two-year comparison with the behaviour of field-grown tubers of the progenies and their parents. The correlations between progenies in the glasshouse and field were r=0.911 and 0.753 and those between the mid-parental values and the progeny means were high (r〉0.864), indicating that parental differences were heritable. It is concluded that correlations were sufficient for glasshouse-grown tubers to be used for assessing large numbers of progenies in genetical studies and for eliminating highly susceptible progenies at an early stage in a breeding programme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357997
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessing potato cultivars in Tunisia for susceptibility to leak caused byPythium aphanidermatum (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 399-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; watery wound rot
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The susceptibility of 21 potato cultivars to leak (watery wound rot) caused byPythium aphanidermatum was compared. Whole tubers were inoculated after wounding by dipping into a water suspension of 103 oospores/ml and incubated for 3 days at 25°C. The mean penetration of tissue calculated from the recording of lesion width and depth and the qualitative assessment of rot extension were highly correlated. For 10 of 12 cultivars tested at least twice, consistent reactions were obtained: cvs Korrigane. Superstar, Safrane and Yesmina were moderately susceptible, whereas Atlas, Diamant, Mondial, Obélix, Spunta and Timate were susceptible to highly susceptible. Tubers originated from two locations and/or two cropping seasons: thus, the performance of these cultivars under different production conditions reveals a satisfactory level of agreement with the test. Moreover, ratings assigned are supported by field or store observations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357999
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    General combining ability and its repeatability in early generations of potato breeding programmes (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; general combining ability ; seedling generation ; clonal generations ; genotypexenvironment ; yield ; tuber colour and shape
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary General combining ability and its repeatability in the early generations of a potato breeding programme was studied by evaluating 72 progenies (18×4) of 22 parents in a factorial mating design for three successive generations. The mean squares for combining ability due to females, males and females × males were significant for eight out of the ten characters studied. Variance estimates due to specific combining ability were more important than those due to general combining ability for most of the characters in all the generations. General combining ability effects varied from generation to generation. Most of the correlation coefficients between generations for general combining ability effects were significant, but of moderate magnitude (0.5–0.8). Parents with consistent performance over generations and those specifically suitable for a TPS crop were identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02360258
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Systemic induced resistance to late blight in potato by treatment with salicylic acid andPhytophthora cryptogea (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; Phytophthora infestans ; inducer agents ; plant protection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Tests for systemic induced resistance (SIR) to late blight were performed with different potato cultivars in field trials and in growth chamber experiments. The non-pathogenPhytophthora cryptogea (Pc) and salicylic acid (Sa) were used as inducer agents. In the field, plants were naturally infected byPhytophthora infestans while the indoor plants were inoculated. The degree of SIR obtained varied with the cultivar used and also with the type of inducer. For example in the field the susceptible cv. St. Cecilia had enhanced resistance with Pc whereas Sa caused increased susceptibility. Inbred resistant cvs acquired increased resistance after treatment with Sa. In a separate pilot experiment in a growth chamber, Sa at two different concentrations was injected into potato seed tubers before planting. The higher Sa concentration increased resistance in genetically resistant cultivars while the lower Sa concentration brought about increased susceptibility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358436
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optimisation of a dehydration process for potato cubes using an intermediate puffing step (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuber ; blanching ; pre-drying
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Factors affecting the volume expansion of potato cubes during puffing in a fluidised bed were examined. It was found that puffing temperature, initial size, pre-drying time and puffing time influenced the degree of expansion of the cube during the puffing step. Blanching alone was found not to influence expansion, but in conjunction with the other factors it was found that blanched samples showed greater volume expansion than unblanched samples. The optimum conditions for maximum volume expansion were found to be; blanching for 80 s, cube size between 7.5–12.5 mm, pre-drying time of 90 min. at 90°C and a puffing time of 270s at 130°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358190
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yield response of potato genotypes to different soil water regimes in contrasting seasons of a subtropical climate (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 239-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; drought tolerance ; irrigation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Potato crops in subtropical climates are often subjected to water stress, resulting in low yields and poor tuber quality. The yield response of potato genotypes to water supply was investigated in six trials, three each in spring and autumn plantings. Trials were conducted under automated rain shelters, using an irrigation boom to impose five soil water regimes. The negative effect of water stress on tuber yield was more detrimental in spring than in autumn, because of higher atmospheric evaporative demand and higher temperatures in spring. An average yield reduction of 68% was recorded for the most severely stressed regime in spring plantings, while the mean reduction for the same treatment in autumn was only 42%. Genotypic differences in yield response to drought were clearly illustrated in spring, but not in autumn. This suggests that the choice of genotypes is only influenced by the availability of water in spring, when more drought tolerant genotypes should be used.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358194
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation between fusaric acid production and virulence of isolates ofFusarium oxysporum that causes potato dry rot in South Africa (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): post harvest disease ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; resistance ; toxin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Virulence of 12Fusarium oxysporum isolates was determined on three potato cultivars Late Harvest, BP1 and Kimberley Choice. The production of fusaric acid by the 12F. oxysporum isolates was also determined. The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation exists between fusaric acid production and virulence ofF. oxysporum isolates. Late Harvest was the most tolerant and BP1 the most susceptible cultivar. Virulence ranking, order of theF. oxysporum isolates with the different cultivars corresponded with the mean of value of the ranking order for all three cultivars. A correlation was found between virulence of isolates and fusaric acid production except for Late Harvest. Fusaric acid production may play a major role in the development of dry rot in potato tubers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358198
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Defence reactions in two potato cultivars following infection with two races ofPhytophthora infestans (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): potato blight ; hydrolytic enzymes ; chitinases ; glucanases ; phytoalexins ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The kinetics of accumulation of chitinases, glucanases and phytoalexins were studied in two potato cultivars, differing in their degrees of vertical and horizontal resistance, when infected with two races ofPhytophthora infestans. Tuber disks of cvs Kennebec (susceptible, low horizontal resistance) and Huinkul (tolerant, high horizontal resistance) were infected with either race “0” (avirulent) or “C” (complex, race 1.3.5.7.11) ofPhytophthora infestans. Extracts of tuber tissue (0–7 days) from cv. Kennebec infected with race “0” showed a strong increase in phytoalexin production and in chitinase and glucanase activities when compared with those infected with race “C”. These results indicate that race “C” is able to block defensive reactions. No significant differences were observed in cv. Huinkul infected with both races. The contribution of these reactions to horizontal resistance is unknown, and our results would not support a conclusive role for them in the interaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358964
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterisation of genes isolated from a potato swellingstolon cDNA library (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 31-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; tuberisation ; extensin ; acyl carrier protein thioesterase ; high mobility group protein ; gene expression ; plant development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary In screening to isolate a full-length copy of a previously isolated cDNA clone, a further three cDNAs were also isolated from a library prepared from sub-apical swelling-stolon tissue of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Sequence analysis showed these clones to be similar to extensin-like protein genes, acyl carrier protein thioesterase genes and high mobility group protein genes, respectively. A further cDNA, isolated by subtractive hybridisation, was similar to a tomato cDNA previously isolated on the basis of its down-regulation following nematode infection. While all the newly isolated genes were expressed in swelling stolons, for most, maximal expression was seen to be in stem tissue. Possible roles for these genes in the development of potato plants are discussed, as is the significance of gene expression in stems and stolons to the process of tuberisation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358389
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Residues of free and bound maleic hydrazide in potato tubers (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): analysis ; HPLC ; β-glucoside ; 1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The method of Vadukul (1991) for determining maleic hydrazide (MH) was modified and gave recoveries of free MH of 89%±4%. The values recorded on individual tubers ranged from 2–14 mg kg−1. Maleic hydrazide was evenly distributed throughout the tuber (peel, outer and inner flesh) but concentration increased slightly as tuber size increased. The concentration of free MH decreased from 7 to 3 mg kg−1 over the storage period of 5 1/2 months. Acid hydrolysis released substantial amounts of MH particularly from older potatoes (13 mg kg−1) compared with 6 mg kg−1 from new potatoes, implying that free MH is gradually converted to a bound form with time after treatment. No evidence was found for the presence of a β-glucoside of MH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358394
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    World trends and patterns in the potato crop: An economic and geographic survey (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 241-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): global distribution ; prospects ; diversification ; specialization ; price risk ; Solanum tuberosum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary We examine the changing character of supply and demand for potatoes over time and space with an eye towards implications for agricultural research. Diversification in consumption and specialization in production are our organizing themes. The foundation for comparative analysis is a map of the global distribution of potato growing area. We highlight the adverse impact of price risk on specialization and discuss several sources of uncertainty that condition the size but not the direction of major trends.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357856
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro production of potato microtubers in liquid medium using temporary immersion (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 499-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; microtuber ; liquid medium ; temporary immersion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary CIRAD developed a new apparatus for plant tissue culture, using temporary immersion in a liquid medium. This apparatus was adapted to the microtuber production in potato. The procedure is as follows: single node cultivation on MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose in the light for 2 weeks, induction of microtuberisation with 80 g/l sucrose over a 2 week period in the light, followed by a further 6 weeks in the dark. All experiments were performed at 20 °C. The basic vessel had a capacity of approximately 11;30 nodes were cultivated per vessel. Depending on the cultivars tested (Bintje, Ostara and Désirée) 47 to 115 microtubers were harvested per vessel. Between 30 and 60% of the microtubers weighted over 0.5 g and between 10 and 40% over 0.8 g. Sprouting is still under investigation. Preliminary results indicate that the dormancy period was relatively short and several stems were obtained per microtuber. These results seem to be better than those usually reported. Only one simple protocol has been tested and further improvements are probably easy to obtain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358166
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Verification of sap flow by heat balance method on three potato cultivars (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): Solanum tuberosum L. ; transpiration estimates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A heat balance method for measuring sap flow in actively growing plants was tested on three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Monona, Norchip and Atlantic. The method is based on applying a known heat source to the stem of an intact plant: by measuring the axial and radial heat dissipation the magnitude of sap flow can be quantified. The technique shows promise as 24 h accumulated sap flow measurements were highly correlated (r2=0.935, n=36) with gravimetric measurements of transpiration and produced an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 20 g d−1. The accuracy of the method improved as daily accumulated flow increased. Under low daily flow rates overall RMSE increased, supporting the need for a heat storage term in the heat balance equation. Short term flow rates were less significantly correlated (r2=0.764, n=1572) and produced an average RMSE of 2.89 g h−1. Identification of these short term flow rates during high flow periods may be difficult. The presence of water potential gradients and the likelihood of re-hydration during high flow events may have also affected the short term performance of the method. At low flow rates, many different errors may be introduced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358008
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