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  • Articles  (144)
  • resistance  (144)
  • Springer  (144)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (105)
  • 1980-1984  (39)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (144)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of soybean-Heterodera glycines system (1995)
    Springer
    Integrated pest management reviews 1 (1995), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9745
    Keywords: Glycine max ; Heterodera glycines ; inheritance ; resistance ; soybean ; soybean cyst nematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Genetics of resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe is very complex. Crosses involving PI 437654, which is resistant to all races of cyst nematodes with other sources of resistance (Peking, PI 88788, and PI 90763) indicated that resistance to race 3 was controlled by four genes, two of which were dominant resistance genes and the other two were recessive resistance genes. For race 5, a four gene model with two recessive and two dominant resistance genes in epistasis has been proposed. For race 14, the results suggested a three gene model with one dominant and two recessive alleles. Several other plant introductions have been isolated which have different genes conditioning resistance. Most of the currently grown soybean varieties derived resistance from Peking and/or PI 88788. Resistance to SCN in these soybean varieties has broken down because of the emergence of several new races and populations of SCN. The use of PI 437654 or Hartwig and other plant introductions with different genes for resistance will broaden genetic diversity and stabilize yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140334
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Components and Deployment of Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease (1998)
    Springer
    Integrated pest management reviews 3 (1998), S. 209-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9745
    Keywords: cassava ; Manihot esculenta ; Africa ; cassava mosaic virus disease ; whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci) ; control ; varietal diversity ; resistance ; deployment ; durability ; breakdown ; phytosanitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cassava mosaic virus disease (CMD) is prevalent and causes serious losses in cassava (Manihot esculenta) in southern India and in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is caused by viruses of the Geminiviridae that are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and disseminated in the stem cuttings used routinely for propagation. The main approach to control is through the use of virus-resistant varieties, but suitable ones are not always available and susceptible varieties are still widely grown. This explains why CMD continues to be a problem in many areas. CMD-resistant varieties have several features which are considered in this review:- • They are not readily infected, even when exposed to large amounts of vector-borne inoculum. • When infected they develop symptoms that tend to be inconspicuous and not associated with obvious deleterious effects on growth or yield. Moreover, the symptoms become even less conspicuous as growth proceeds and plants may eventually recover and become symptomless. • Infected plants support a low virus content and they are likely to be a poor source of inoculum from which further spread can occur. • Virus is not fully systemic within infected plants which can be a source of uninfected planting material when stem cuttings are collected for further propagation. This phenomenon is referred to as ‘reversion’ and it has an important ‘cleansing effect’ in restricting or preventing the progressive deterioration in health status that would otherwise occur during successive cycles of vegetative propagation. The available information on the different components of resistance is discussed and it is concluded that they are inter-related features of the same basic mechanism that restricts virus entry, replication and movement within the host. It is argued that the effectiveness and durability of virus-resistant varieties are likely to be influenced by the way in which they are deployed. However, this topic has received little attention from researchers and there is continuing uncertainty on the effects of CMD on the yield of resistant varieties and on the role of phytosanitation. This involves the use of virus-free planting material and the removal (roguing) of any additional diseased plants that occur. Some consider that these procedures complement the use of virus-resistant varieties and should be adopted, whereas others argue that they are unnecessary and inappropriate. It is concluded that there is considerable scope for utilizing resistant varieties more widely and more effectively than at present, but in doing so it is important to avoid eroding the genetic diversity that is currently such a marked feature of cassava cultivation in Africa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009626806156
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solanum berthaultii P.I. 265858; a possible source of protection against all strains of PVX (1982)
    Springer
    Potato research 25 (1982), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; virus breeding ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A clone ofSolanum berthaultii P.I. 265858 was not systemically infected when manually inoculated with isolates of PVX groups 1 to 3 but developed top-necrosis when grafted-inoculated, demonstrating it is hypersensitive. Plants sap- or graft-inoculated with an isolated of PVX group 4 or with PVXHB (a recently-discovered strain overcoming all reported sources of resistance to PVX) were infected systematically. The plants were extremely sensitive to these isolates, young leaves becoming necrotic and the plant dying within a few weeks and, whilst still alive, plants contained little virus and were a poor source of infection. These characteristics suggest that this clone could provide a means of breeding cultivars that would be protected against all known strains of PVX.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357281
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light induced bio-control of potato storage pathogens in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 143-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: resistance ; Solanum tuberosum L. cultivars ; glycoalkaloids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of freeze dried potato powder derived from tubers (cvs Désirée and Epicure) exposed to light as a culture medium on the growth, number and spore size of nine fungal pathogens was determined in vitro with particular emphasis on the role of glycoalkaloids. Greater reductions in pathogen growth reflected increased exposure to light of tubers prior to freeze drying. High correlations (% R2 adj) were obtained between glycoalkaloid concentration and growth rate of the majority of pathogens tested. Where spores were produced, numbers were in general significantly less when cultured on freeze dried powder derived from tubers exposed to light. No effects on spore size ofFusarium species were recorded, but spore length of remaining pathogens was reduced and spore width increased, with the exception ofC. coccodes where spore length and width was increased following culture onto freeze dried powder derived from tubers exposed to light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358437
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of extreme resistance to potato virus Y in potato (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 199-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: PVY ; resistance ; progeny tests ; inheritance ; potato breeding ; Solanum tuberosum L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Segregation for extreme resistance to PVY was evaluated in progenies derived from crossing two extremely resistant potato clones with parents differing in resistance. Resistance was evaluated after mechanical inoculation with PVYO and PVYN, and after graft inoculation with PVYO. Biological and serological tests (ELISA) were used for virus detection. The extreme resistance is governed by a single dominant gene, but observed segregations deviated from the expected ratios. Considerable modifying effects were detectable, depending on the potato genotype and virus isolate, for a significant excess of susceptible genotypes was observed in some progenies. Moreover, genotypes with non-parental types of resistance to PVY were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357933
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in the response toPseudomonas solanacearum of transgenic lines of potato carrying a cecropin gene analogue (1995)
    Springer
    Potato research 38 (1995), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: bacterial wilt ; resistance ; transformation ; Agrobacterium ; S. tuberosum L. ; transgenic plant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Transgenic potato plants of cv. Désirée carrying an antibacterial gene, coding for a cecropin lytic peptide analogue, were inoculated with a virulent strain ofPseudomonas solanacearum under controlled conditions. The disease index scored during three repeated infection trials indicated an increased variability in plant response among the transgenic lines which gave either a more susceptible or a more resistant response to the pathogen when compared with untransformed Désirée. Immunity toP. solanacearum was not observed, but it was possible to select a group of transgenic lines that showed resistance levels and disease development curves comparable to the field resistant cv. Cruza 148.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357742
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between fusaric acid production and virulence of isolates ofFusarium oxysporum that causes potato dry rot in South Africa (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: post harvest disease ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; resistance ; toxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Virulence of 12Fusarium oxysporum isolates was determined on three potato cultivars Late Harvest, BP1 and Kimberley Choice. The production of fusaric acid by the 12F. oxysporum isolates was also determined. The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation exists between fusaric acid production and virulence ofF. oxysporum isolates. Late Harvest was the most tolerant and BP1 the most susceptible cultivar. Virulence ranking, order of theF. oxysporum isolates with the different cultivars corresponded with the mean of value of the ranking order for all three cultivars. A correlation was found between virulence of isolates and fusaric acid production except for Late Harvest. Fusaric acid production may play a major role in the development of dry rot in potato tubers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358198
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between potato cyst nematodes and their principal host. I. A literature review (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum spp. ; Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; biology ; pathotypes ; damage ; resistance ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A description of the biology of potato cyst nematodes,Globodera rostochiensis andG. pallida, and symptom development in potato crops is presented. This is followed by an overview of resistance and tolerance research and an explanation of how resistance derived fromSolanum andigena was deployed in integrated control schemes on sandy and sandy peat soils in the north-east of The Netherlands. The frequent use of this resistance source resulted in the predominance of ‘new’ pathotypes ofG. rostochiensis and ofG. pallida. The ability of the cyst nematodes to respond to new types of resistance with new pathotypes makes the search and breeding for resistance a continuing process. The absence of tolerance in exS. vernei (VTn)2 62-33-3 cultivars showed that resistance, if it is to be of use in severely infested fields, must be combined with an appreciable level of tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358013
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf effects of wild species ofSolanum and interspecific hybrids on growth and behaviour of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (1997)
    Springer
    Potato research 40 (1997), S. 417-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: antibiosis ; antixenosis ; Solanum sparsipilum ; S. pinnatisectum ; S. berthaultii ; glandular trichomes ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Four introductions ofSolanum berthaultii wild species and sevenS. tuberosumxS. berthaultii hybrids were evaluated by antibiosis and antixenosis laboratory tests with potato tuber moth. Some morphological and chemical traits related to the trichomes were analysed. Two clones of the wild speciesS. sparsipilum and five ofS. pinnatisectum, characterised by high tuber resistance, were tested for leaf resistance, both by antibiosis and antixenosis assays. The genotypes with high density of trichomes A and with high exudate PPO activity, showed a moderate negative effect on pupal weight and fecundity in the antibiosis tests. Trichomes B exudate showed a strong repulsive effect on oviposition of adult in the antixenosis tests. TheS. pinnatisectum clones revealed a good leaf resistance level, whereas theS. sparsipilum clones showed lower levels of antibiosis and antixenosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358002
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential interaction between two potato cultivars and two isolates ofPhoma exigua var.foveata (1981)
    Springer
    Potato research 24 (1981), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: gangrene ; host specificity ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In experiments carried out over two years at two sites, a differential interaction between two potato varieties and two isolates ofP. exigua var.foveata was demonstrated in the cortical tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02362019
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-five years of international potato research, a retrospective and forward look (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: germplasm ; TPS ; resistance ; rapid multiplication ; virus ; collaborative research ; research priorities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary After an initial phase of development and programme establishment the activities of the International Potato Center (CIP) grew rapidly from 1981 to 1985, putting emphasis on germplasm distribution, research on diffused-light storage and TPS, and exploration of sources of resistance. Later, strong emphasis was given to genetic resource utilization and field resistance to late blight. The impact of CIP research showed internal rates of return ranging from 26 to 102 percent. At the end of the 1980s CIP's financial resources were cut severely and restructuring the programme was necessary. Through a careful process of prioritizing, programmes are identified which will contribute most to ensuring the continued increase of potato production in developing countries and to continuing the leading role of CIP in potato research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357945
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyses of quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to shape Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in sunflowers (shape Helianthus annuus L.) using molecular markers (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 4 (1998), S. 215-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: Helianthus annuus ; QTL ; resistance ; RFLP ; Sclerotinia scerotorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphism and isoenzyme markers were used to investigate quantitative trait loci involved in sunflower resistance to mycelial extension of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on leaves and capitula. Seed weight, oil content and flowering data were also evaluated. Four quantitative trait loci were demonstrated for leaf resistance and two for capitulum resistance. One of these zones appears involved in resistance to both types of S. sclerotiorum attack while the others appear specific for resistance of one part of the plant. Two quantitative trait loci were detected for seed weight, three for oil content and three for flowering date. Individual quantitative trait loci explained 9% to 48% of the phenotypic variability, confirming the polygenic basis of the quantitative traits studied. Overall, the quantitative trait loci explain 60% of the genetic variation for leaf resistance and 38% for capitulum resistance to S. sclerotiorum. One linkage group is particularly interesting since it includes quantitative trait loci for all the five quantitative traits measured. Hypotheses for linkage versus pleiotropy and consequences of all the results in resistance breeding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009694626992
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beet curly top virus DI DNA-mediated resistance is linked to its size (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 3 (1997), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: geminiviruses ; beet curly top virus ; DI DNA ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Beet curly top virus (BCTV) infection is associated with the de novo synthesis of a heterogeneous population of subgenomic viral DNAs. Nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with a partial repeat of one such subgenomic DNA remained susceptible to infection but produced ameliorated symptoms when agroinoculated with BCTV. Symptom amelioration is associated with the mobilization of subgenomic DNA from the integrated copy. In an attempt to improve the resistance, N. benthamiana has been transformed with a partial repeat of a much smaller subgenomic DNA. However, transgenic plants showed almost no resistance although subgenomic DNA was mobilised from the host genome. To further understand the molecular basis of the interference phenomenon, we compared the ability of BCTV to replicate and accumulate in leaf discs derived from resistant and non-resistant transgenic plants. Both subgenomic DNAs were able to interfere with virus replication but only in case of resistant plants the DI DNA efficiently suppressed viral accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009623010404
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for loss of ontogenetic resistance of apple leaves againstVenturia inaequalis (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 773-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: apple scab ; environmental factors ; resistance ; Venturia inaequalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The susceptibility of apple leaves toVenturia inaequalis was investigated by assessing disease on individual leaves of seedlings and labelled shoots of orchard trees. Four sets (A-D) of potted seedlings of cv. ‘Golden Delicious’, which had been grown in a glasshouse, each with approximately 30 mature leaves, were exposed to a high-inoculum orchard. Sets A and B were exposed after each other for 47 and 42 days, respectively. As a result of the six and three infection periods during exposure, 94% and 81%, respectively of the seedling shoot tips in set A and set B became infected. However, due to ontogenetic resistance, disease incidence was low in both sets on leaves which were fully expanded at the beginning of exposure. Set C was exposed during both periods (89 days) in which sets A and B were exposed. Not only were all the seedling shoot tips in set C infected, but also — due to the loss of ontogenetic resistance — nearly all of the mature leaves. Ontogenetic resistance was also lost in set D, which was exposed for 57 days at the end of the growing season. The symptoms on fully expanded leaves on plants in sets C and D were typical and similar to those on young leaves. A time course symptom assessment was performed on leaves which had developed early in the season on labelled, field-grown shoots of cv. ‘Golden Delicious’ trees. A steady increase of disease incidence was detected, which could not only have resulted from infections followed by extended incubation periods. In addition to the increase of typical lesions on both leaf surfaces, there was also an abundance of diffuse mycelial development on the lower surfaces of the leaves of the field-grown trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01877152
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Components of maritime pine susceptibility to twisting rust – A path coefficient analysis (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 653-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: avoidance ; Melampsora pinitorqua ; path coefficient analysis ; Pinus pinaster ; resistance ; rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Data collected in a three-year field experiment on infection and damage by Melampsora pinitorqua on maritime pines showing contrasting growth were analysed by means of path analysis. The severity of infection in 2 year-old pines could be mainly explained by the amount of susceptible tissues (elongating shoots). In contrast, two years later, ‘intrinsic susceptibility’, i.e. expressed after inoculation, was shown to have the most important direct effect on the amount of infection. Intrinsic susceptibility could be satisfactorily assessed by artificial inoculations on excised shoots under controlled conditions. Shoot potassium and phosphorous contents were shown to have marked positive effects on susceptibility. The hypothesis of an age effect on the relative importance of different resistance mechanisms, i.e. avoidance and active resistance, in maritime pine interaction with twisting rust is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008640819188
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cacao resistance to Phytophthora: Effect of pathogen species, inoculation depths and pod maturity (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: black pod ; resistance ; Theobroma cacao
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two species of Phytophthora (P. palmivora and P. capsici) and inoculations at two depths (3 mm and 9 mm) were tested each on 10 clones of Theobroma cacao to determine their effects on pod resistance. Ripe and unripe pods were also assessed to determine the influence of physiological status of the pod on the expression of resistance. The two pathogens tested (P. palmivora and P. capsici) differed significantly in their reactions on pods, with P. palmivora being more aggressive than P. capsici. However, the lack of interaction between clones and pathogen species and the similarity in the ranking of clones based on lesion size suggested that selection for resistant clones can be based on one of the two pathogens, preferably the more aggressive one. Pod reactions differed between inoculation depths (3 mm and 9 mm), and between pod maturity stages (ripe and unripe pods) with relatively larger lesions being recorded at 9 mm depth and on unripe pods as compared to those observed at 3 mm depth and on unripe pods, respectively. The magnitude of increase in lesion sizes, however, varied with genotypes, indicating that inoculation depth and pod maturity stage should be standardized in screening cacao germplasm for resistance to Phytophthora.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008622115731
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Occurrence in Italy and characteristics of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) resistant to phenylamide fungicides (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: lettuce ; lettuce downy mildew ; Bremia lactucae ; phenylamide fungicides ; virulence factors ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Control of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) with phenylamide fungicides has failed in some intensive lettuce-producing areas in Northern Italy since Spring 1993. Before then, these chemicals and particularly metalaxyl, provided the best disease control. The sensitivity of Bremia lactucae isolates collected in such areas to metalaxyl was evaluated in the laboratory. These strains grew and sporulated profusely on lettuce seedlings treated with 100 and 200 ppm of metalaxyl, whereas sensitive control strains were completely inhibited when treated with fungicide concentrations ranging from 0.5–1 ppm. Thus in Italy occurrence of resistance to phenylamide fungicides in Bremia lactucae has also been demonstrated, as in almost all the countries where these chemicals were previously authorised. Subsequently, a demonstration of occurrence of resistance was made and the virulence pattern of several strains (resistant and sensitive to metalaxyl) was characterised using differential NL series containing the 13 DM resistant genes or R factors. The results suggest the occurrence of a new pathotype in Italy different from all the 16 NL Bremia lactucae races studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008696021621
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine Structure of the Early Interaction of Lily Roots with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 431-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: basal rot ; cell wall degradation ; Lilium ; pathogenesis ; plasmolysis ; resistance ; transfer cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The early interaction of lily roots with the cortical rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii was studied using roots of lily bulblets grown in Hoagland's solution, inoculated with the pathogen, and sampled up to 48 h later. Conidia produced germ tubes within 6 h, which extended towards and into the mucilage covering the root elongation zone, and along and into the anticlinal grooves and middle lamellae of epidermal cells. By 24–48 h, infecting hyphae had reached the periclinal walls and intercellular spaces between the epidermis and the outermost cells of the cortex. Penetration of intercellularly growing hyphae directly across host cell walls was not observed; invasion of the cell lumen only occurred by gradual infringing of hyphae upon successive primary wall layers. Non-cellulosic wall appositions rich in vesicles and covered by a cellulosic protective-like layer were formed in response to approaching hyphae in resistant cv.Connecticut King, but rarely in susceptible cv. Esther which seemed more susceptible to plasmolysis and rot. Finger-like projections of the appositions into the host cell cytoplasm likely represent early stages of transfer cell formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008749514517
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation of phytoalexins in leaves of plane tree (Platanus spp.) expressing susceptibility or resistance toCeratocystis fimbriata f. sp.platani (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 101 (1995), S. 503-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Ceratocystis fimbriata ; phytoalexins ; Platanus spp. ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Inoculation of leaves of resistantPlatanus occidentalis and susceptiblePlatanus acerifolia leaves withCeratocystis fimbriata f. sp.platani, the canker stain disease agent, induced foliar necrosis and biosynthesis of two phytoalexins, scopoletin and umbelliferone. Foliar symptoms keep localized and accumulation of coumarin phytoalexins was rapid for incompatible interactions. Necrosis spread widely and accumulation of these phenolic compounds was much later and lower for compatible interactions. The differential response could be used in a genetic improvement program for resistance against canker stain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874474
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  • 20
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    Differential interactions ofPhytophthora capsici isolates with pepper genotypes at various plant growth stages (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 102 (1996), S. 311-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Capsicum annuum ; C. frutescens ; resistance ; Phytaphthora capsici ; host-pathogen interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pepper cultivars from diverse geographic origins were evaluated for resistance to different isolates ofPhytophthora capsici under controlled environmental conditions. All accessions tested were susceptible at the four-leaf stage to the six isolates ofP. capsici. Inoculation at the eight-leaf stage resulted in significantly different interactions among the accessions andP. capsici isolates. The Korean and U.S. cultivars tested were highly susceptible to the isolates ofP. capsici at this stage. In contrast, PI 201234 and PI 201238 had a differential interaction with someP. capsici isolates. At the twelve-leaf stage, Phytophthora blight developed slowly in the Korean and U.S. cultivars that were highly susceptible at the eight-leaf stage. Furthermore, the accessions from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) became highly resistant toP. capsici at this stage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01878125
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    Resistance of Capsicum species to tobacco, tomato and pepper strains of tobacco mosaic virus (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 88 (1982), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: TMV strains ; pathogenicity ; resistance ; hypersensitivity ; susceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Om verschillen in pathogeniteit tussen twee in Nederland voorkomende paprikastammen van het TMV nader vast te stellen, werd een aantalCapsicum-herkomsten, waaronder negen soorten, op resistentie getoetst. Hierbij werden de representatieve paprika-isolaten P 11 en P 8 vergeleken met de uit tomaat afkomstige isolaten MA en SPS als vertegenwoordigers van respectievelijk de tabaks- en tomatestam van het TMV. Bij het beoordelen van de symptomen duidden lokale, necrotische vlekken en afvallen van geïnoculeerde bladeren op resistentie, systemische necrosen of mozaïeksymptomen op vatbaarheid. In deze symptomen kwamen tussen de gebruikte stammen verschillen in virulentie tot uitdrukking. Er werden echter vooral verschillen in agressiviteit waargenomen met betrekking tot zowel afzonderlijke, voor resistentie uitsplitsende,Capsicum-herkomsten als het totale aantal getoetste herkomsten. Van de ruim 73 herkomsten waren er 58 resistent tegen MA en SPS, 31 daarvan tegen P 11, maar slechts vijf daarvan tegen P 8. Deze resistentie tegen P 8 werd gevonden inC. chinense.
    Notes: Abstract A number ofCapsicum accessions including nine species were tested for resistance to TMV based on hypersensitivity. The tobacco strain MA and the tomato strain SPS, which were both isolated from tomato, and two pathogenically distinct pepper strains P 11 and P 8, were used. Of the 73Capsicum accessions tested 58 were resistant to MA and SPS, 31 were resistant to P 11 and five were resistant to P 8.
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    Fungal polygalacturonase activity reflects susceptibility of carnation cultivars to fusarium wilt (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 103 (1997), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: breeding ; Dianthus caryophullus ; Fusarium oxysporum ; pectic enzymes ; phytoalexins ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Carnation cultivars with different levels of partial resistance were inoculated with race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and monitored for accumulation of host phytoalexins, fungal escape from compartmentalization, production of fungal pectin-degrading enzymes and development of external disease symptoms. Accumulation of phytoalexins, assessed after 10 days in the first 5 cm above the inoculation site, was weakly (methoxydianthramide S) or not (hydroxydianthalexin B) correlated with resistance levels after 12 weeks. Fungal escape from compartmentalization, assessed after 3 weeks as percentages colonized plants at 8 cm above the inoculation site, was highly correlated with expression of susceptibility after 12 weeks. Polygalacturonase (PG) activity, assessed after 4 weeks in the first 5 cm above the inoculation site, was highly correlated to final disease development. Linear increases in disease severity were accompanied by quadratic increases in PG activity. In contrast to water-treated plants, that lacked any PG activity, inoculated plants contained two main groups of fungal PGs, the dominant forms of which had estimated pI values of 7.0 and minimally 9.5, respectively. Compared to those of the first group, enzymes of the second group were produced only in trace amounts in liquid media containing pectin or polygalacturonate as sole source of carbon. On these media, the fungus also produced a pectin methyl esterase (PME) with an estimated pI of 9.3. Besides PMEs of host origin, inoculated plants of susceptible cultivars contained the fungal PME while no more than traces were found in resistant ones. Assessment of phytoalexin production by the host during defense responses cannot replace monitoring of external symptoms as a resistance test. Assessment of fungal growth, whether by reisolations above the compartmentalization area or by measurement of PG activity, provides a both rapid and reliable prediction of disease development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008616008804
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    Effects of Temperature on Infection in Capsicum sp. and Nicotiana benthamiana by Impatiens Necrotic Spot Tospovirus (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 509-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: tospovirus ; resistance ; Capsicum sp. ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Infection by two isolates of impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (INSV) under temperature regimes of 25/18°C (day/night) or 33°C (continuous) was studied in Capsicum annuum (systemically susceptible to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus, TSWV), C. chinense PI 152225 and PI 159236 (reacting hypersensitively to TSWV) and Nicotiana benthamiana (systemically susceptible to both tospoviruses). At 25/18°C infection was systemic in all hosts tested. At 33°C infection in N. benthamiana was systemic whereas in C. annuum and C. chinense it was restricted to the inoculated leaves. The result differed from that reported for TSWV, where high temperature made plants more susceptible, or caused no difference. Exchanging temperature regimes 6 h to 4 days after inoculation did not affect the final results one month later, with plants being only locally infected at 33°C continuous regime, or systemically infected at 25/18°C alternate regime. The two INSV isolates were biologically and serologically stable for 5 passages in N. benthamiana held continuously at 33°C.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008742516820
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    A Laboratory Assay for Phytophthora infestans Resistance in Various Solanum Species Reflects the Field Situation (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 105 (1999), S. 241-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Phytophthora infestans ; potato ; wild Solanum spp. ; resistance ; detached leaves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Physiological and molecular research on resistance responses of Solanum tuberosum cultivars and partially resistant Solanum species to Phytophthora infestans requires a reliable resistance test that can be used in the laboratory. Laboratory tests performed on detached leaves and intact plants were compared with field tests for similarity of late blight reactions. Detached leaves from field-grown plants were as resistant as detached leaves from climate chamber-grown plants when challenged with P. infestans. However, detached leaves incubated in covered trays at high relative humidity were more susceptible than detached leaves kept in open trays or leaves on intact plants. The incubation conditions of detached leaves in covered trays rather than detachment itself appeared to affect the resistance expression. Detached leaves of some wild Solanum genotypes became partially infected, whereas intact plants were completely resistant when inoculated. Inoculation of leaves on intact plants, however, resulted in lower infection efficiencies. These limitations should be taken into account when choosing the appropriate inoculation method for specific purposes. For resistance screening, laboratory tests proved to be a good alternative for field tests. The ranking of resistance levels for twenty plant genotypes was similar under laboratory and field conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008710700363
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    The effect of physiological age of potato tubers on female production of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera pallida Pa 2/3) (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 101 (1995), S. 51-56 
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    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: resistance ; potato breeding ; roots canister test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fourteen cultivars generally regarded as uniformly susceptible toGlobodera pallida Pa 2/3 were assessed in plastic closed containers for degree of susceptibility and also for root and sprouting characteristics. The material was assessed by scoring degree of sprouting before planting and number of cysts and root growth at the end of experiment at intervals from the time of initial dormancy break through to prolific sprouting. Using covariate analyses, it was found that the degree of root development, particularly in the earlier assessments, significantly influenced the degree of cyst development and so the perceived levels of susceptibility/resistance. Having taken account of root growth characters, significant differences between the cultivars with regard to nematode multiplication were still evident. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to potato breeding and nematological studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01876093
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    The genetic and molecular basis of b-proteins in the genus Nicotiana (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: interspecific and intraspecific hybrids ; grafting experiments ; N gene ; resistance ; temperature effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Screening for the pathogenesis-related (b) protein patterns of 11Nicotiana species and 30N. tabacum varieties has revealed both inter- and intraspecific variability and 7 different b-proteins (b0, b1, b1′, b1″, b2, b3 and b4) have been clearly defined. Their genetic determinants are sexually transmitted independently of theN gene conferring resistance to TMV, and a monogenic inheritance has been demonstrated for one of them (b1′). Grafting experiments have revealed the existence of a species-aspecific ‘mobile compound’ responsible for the expression of the b-protein genes, the production of which is probably under the control of theN gene. Among the 5 intraspecific and 6 interspecific hybrids studied, one of them, theN. glutinosa x N. debneyi together with its amphidiploid, synthesizes b-protein (b1″) in a constituve way and possesses a high level of resistance to necrosis-inducing viruses. The amphidiploid is able to transfer these two properties to otherNicotianae not only by crossing but also by grafting; it therefore appears to permanently synthesize the ‘mobile compounds’. Furthermore, the hypersensitive reaction to TMV in these hybrids is only completely broken down at 35 °C, whereas this normally occurs at 30 °C in plants with theN gene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995262
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    Bunts and smuts of wheat in North Africa and the Near East (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 100 (1998), S. 45-50 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: incidence ; Karnal bunt ; occurrence ; resistance ; variability ; wild relatives ; progenitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Bunts [common bunt (Tilletia laevis and T. tritici) and dwarf bunt (T. controversa)] and smuts [loose smut (Ustilago tritici) and flag smut (Urocystis agropyri)] of wheat are important cereal diseases in most countries of north Africa and the Near East. There are no peculiarities in the occurrence of bunts and smuts, except for dwarf bunt, which is limited to high-altitude areas of Turkey, Iran and Iraq. Host adaptation, rather than topography, determines the distribution of the common bunt pathogens: T. laevis predominates in bread wheat, whereas T. tritici attacks both bread and durum wheat non-preferentially. Incidence of bunt- and smut-affected wheat heads is generally low, however the frequency of their occurrence in fields is high, indicating their potential threat. Some bunts and smuts occur on hosts other than wheat, for example, flag smut on Aegilops crassa, loose smut on Ae. geniculata and rye, and dwarf bunt on Hordeum and Aegilops spp. Genetic variability of the pathogens causing common bunt and loose smut was investigated. Chemical seed treatment is the most widely used control for bunts and smuts. Organic nutrients as seed treatments to control common bunt of wheat show considerable promise. Sources of resistance to loose smut, and common and dwarf bunts of wheat, are available in wheat and its wild relatives. Triticum boeoticum, T. dicoccoides, and Aegilops species represent excellent sources of resistance to common bunt. There are three major sources of resistance in durum wheats, Senatore Cappelli and Haurani, Jenneh Khetifa, and Mindum. Common bunt resistance genes Bt5, Bt6, Bt8, Bt9, Bt10, and Bt11, and several undescribed resistances remain effective in the screening field at ICARDA, Syria.
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    The expression of resistance of subterranean clover cultivars to races of Phytophthora clandestina (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 102 (1998), S. 71-79 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phytophthora clandestina ; resistance ; root rot disease ; subterranean clover ; Trifolium subterraneum ; virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Infection and sporulation of races of Phytophthora clandestina in susceptible and resistant cultivars of subterranean clover and the effect of the races on growth of the cultivars in pots were studied using a total of five races of the pathogen and eight host cultivars. The pathogen caused severe disease where races and cultivars were compatible, although a significant reduction in root and shoot dry weight occurred only on Woogenellup inoculated with race 2. There was little increase in disease severity after 1 wk from the time of inoculation. Sporangia and oospores were formed at high frequency in tap and lateral roots in all compatible combinations, except in Woogenellup in which sporangia were produced inconsistently. The pathogen caused negligible disease and produced very few sporangia in incompatible combinations. Plant age had a strong effect on disease development. Disease severity caused by virulent races on cultivars Gosse, Trikkala, Meteora and Woogenellup was less on older than on younger plants. A further experiment using aggressive isolates of races 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 revealed that cultivar Gosse showed no reduction in root and shoot weight, despite it being susceptible to races 1, 3 and 4. This provided evidence of the existence of race-non-specific or horizontal resistance to P. clandestina in cultivar Gosse.
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    In vitro tolerance and resistance to burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, in Anthurium species (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 103 (1998), S. 23-28 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Anthurium ; Radopholus similis ; resistance ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Five Anthurium species closely related to two of the cultivated ornamentals, A. andraeanum Lind. ex André and A. scherzerianum Schott, and one species of breeding interest, were screened in vitro for tolerance and resistance to the nematode Radopholus similis Cobb, 1893. Adjustment of the tolerance measurement to the initial and uninoculated treatment measurement improved the screening method. Use of a nematode strain with a relatively slow reproduction rate enabled concurrent screening for tolerance and resistance to R. similis in Anthurium. Based on a lower relative symptom index, A. pittieri Engl., A. ravenii Croat and Baker, A. antioquiense Engl. and A. aripoense N. E. Br. reduce nematode damage as compared to the reference standard, ‘Midori’. However, A. antioquiense and A. aripoense had higher root damage than ‘Midori’. Lower nematode damage in A. pittieri and A. ravenii is positively correlated with greater plant vigor or to fewer target roots for nematode infection. A. ravenii was among the most resistant species as measured by nematode reproduction. This is followed by A. aripoense and A. pittieri. Thus, strong plant vigor, fewer target roots for nematode infection, and/or lower nematode reproduction (higher nematode resistance) resulted in lower nematode damage in A. pittieri and A. ravenii. Combining the nematode damage and nematode reproduction results, A. pittieri and A. ravenii were identified as more tolerant than the reference standard ‘Midori’.
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    Search for molecular markers linked to Liriomyza trifolii resistance in tomato (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 109 (1999), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: BSA ; Liriomyza trifolii ; Lycopersicon ; molecular markers ; resistance ; leaf miner
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Resistance to many arthropods, including Liriomyza species, is known to be present in accessions of Lycopersicon hirsutum (f. typicum or f. glabratum). From the cross L. esculentum cv. Moneymaker and L. hirsutum f. glabratum G1561 100 F2 plants were screened in a no-choice test for resistance to Liriomyza trifolii. The Bulked Segregant Analysis approach was used to find Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers linked to resistance. Two markers were located on chromosome 2. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms constructed a more detailed genetic linkage map for part of chromosome 2. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed that this chromosome harbored a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) for number of pupae, number of mines and damage. At least one major QTL is essential for resistance and this QTL is located on chromosome 2 nearby the location of the tomato probe TG451.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003728302493
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    Selection for resistance to Septoria nodorum in wheat (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 337-346 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Septoria nodorum ; Leptosphaeria nodorum ; glume blotch ; resistance ; tolerance ; escape ; selection ; selection indexes ; phenotypic correlations ; genotypic correlations ; heritability ; grain yield ; heading date ; plant height ; seed weight ; seed weight %
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A population of 572 F2 derived F3 lines from six crosses were used to estimate parameters relevant to selection for resistance to Septoria nodorum of wheat. Lines were grown in disease free (fungicide sprayed) and inoculated microplots in 2 replications of a split-plot design in a single environment in 1977. Average yield reduction due to disease was approximately 50%; this was associated with an average septoria score of 50% on the flag leaf, an average septoria score of 42% on the head, and a reduction of 37% in seed weight. Low S. nodorum scores were correlated with late heading date, tall plant height, high grain yield, and high seed weight in diseased plots, and high seed weight % (seed weight in diseased plots expressed as a percentage of seed weight in fungicide sprayed plots). Restricted selection indexes were used to study the relative contributions of disease escape, true resistance, and tolerance to variability in grain yield in diseased plots, seed weight in diseased plots, and seed weight %. True resistance appeared to be the most important factor causing variation in grain yield in diseased plots and seed weight %. Tolerance and escape seemed to be more important for seed weight in diseased plots. Heritabilities of S. nodorum scores on the flag leaf and head were 63% and 52%, respectively. Leaf and head scores could be used most effectively as selection criteria to upgrade resistance in a population before harvest. Selection for high seed weight % slightly reduced yields in disease free plots, although yield in diseased plots and seed weight in diseased plots were increased. However, selection for increased yield or increased seed weight in diseased plots improved yield in disease free plots. It is suggested that direct selection for yield or seed weight in diseased plots is likely to achieve more desirable goals than selection for seed weight %.
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    An association between resistance to root aphid (Pemphigus bursarius L.) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel) in lettuce (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 483-488 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lactuca sativa ; lettuce ; Pemphigus bursarius ; root aphid ; Bremia lactucae ; downy mildew ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Many lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa L.) with high resistance to lettuce root aphid (Pemphigus bursarius L.) also carried the gene Dm-6 for specific resistance to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae Regel). This suggests the possibility of linkage between this gene and root aphid resistance. The origin of this association is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025149
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    The use of an evolutionary scheme for cauliflowers in the screening of genetic resources (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 725-734 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea var. ; botrytis ; cauliflower ; evolution ; resistance ; Plasmodiophora brassicae ; clubroot ; Delia radicum ; cabbage root fly ; genetic resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A hypothetical scheme is given for the evolution of the different types of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). This has been useful in identifying sources of reduced susceptibility to cabbage root fly (Delia radicum (L.)), and may also be useful in the search for reduced susceptibility to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.). It is argued that knowledge of the phylogeny of types within each crop species is of great importance in the exploitation of genetic resources.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039211
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    Breeding for resistance to yellow disease of hyacinths. II. Influence of flowering time, leaf characters, stomata and chromosome number on the degree of resistance (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 621-628 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hyacinthus orientalis ; hyacinth ; Xanthomonas hyacinthi ; yellow disease ; resistance ; general combining ability ; flowering date ; leaf characters ; stomata ; correlation coefficients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Analysis of an incomplete diallel design with 14 hyacinth cultivars and 4 wild accessions of Hyacinthus orientalis showed a significant GCA component for resistance to yellow disease. The late flowering hyacinth cultivars ‘King of the Blues’ and ‘Marconi’ and the early flowering Hyacinthus orientalis 70129 were found to be the best combiners for yellow disease resistance. Within a cultivar, the degree of earliness itself was not associated with the degree of resistance. Correlation coefficients of leaf characters and degree of resistance showed that hyacinths with short and/or narrow leaves are generally more resistant than those with long and/or broad leaves. Tetraploid cultivars with few, large stomata tend to be susceptible, diploid ones with many small stomata tend to be the more resistant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039200
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    Resistance to wilt in chickpea. I. Inheritance of late-wilting in response to race 1 (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 447-452 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum L. ; early-wilting ; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris ; late-wilting ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Differences in time of wilting of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in response to Race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris, are confirmed. C-104 wilts later than JG-62 and the difference in time of wilting appears to be inherited as a single gene with early wilting partially dominant to late wilting. Considered in relation to earlier studies, the observations indicate that at least two genes are involved in the inheritance of resistance in chickpea to Race 1 and offer an explanation for previous difficulties in interpreting the inheritance of resistance.
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    Breeding for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum F. SP. Tulipae in tulip (Tulipa L.). 3. genotypic evaluation of cultivars and effectiveness of pre-selection (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 505-510 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Tulipa ; tulip ; Fusarium oxysporum ; Fusarium bulbrot ; resistance ; pre-selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In this third paper results are given regarding the resistance in adult bulbs of progenies from the incomplete diallel cross of cultivars described in paper 2. It appeared that the resistance in adult bulbs corresponded with the resistance found earlier in juvenile bulbs. Both for juvenile and adult progenies, resistance proved to be mainly determined by additive gene action; GCA's of individual parents of the adult progenies showed good agreement with those found for juvenile ones, indicating that early selection for Fusarium resistance is very effective.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021462
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    8. Characterization of incomplete resistance to Hemileia vastatrix in the icatu coffee population (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 649-657 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Coffea spp. ; coffee ; coffee leaf rust ; Hemileia vastatrix ; resistance ; heterogeneous reaction type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Incomplete resistance of the hybrid coffee population Icatu to race II of coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) was studied in the field, greenhouse and laboratory. The resistance components observed were: latency period (LP), lesion density (LD), sporulating lesion density (LSD) and relative sporulation lesion efficiency (RSLE=100. SLD/LD). RSLE is an indicator for the heterogeneity of the reaction. Disease score in the field was highly correlated with RSLE, less with LP and SLD, and not with LD. LP was highly correlated with RSLE. A new rust race (Is. 2), isolated in the field from Icatu in 1979, was more virulent than race II on some resistant, moderately resistant or moderately susceptible genotypes. This indicates that incomplete resistance, at different levels, can be race specific. Resistance was affected by leaf age and light intensity. Inheritance studies suggest that incomplete resistance in Icatu might be related to major genes, the effectiveness of which may depend on gene dose and genetic background. It is concluded that selection for incomplete resistance to coffee leaf rust in Icatu may not lead to durable resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021478
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    Screening for resistance to white rot caused by Sclerotium cepivorum Berk. in onions (Allium cepa L.) and leeks (Allium porrum L.) (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 697-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Allium cepa ; Allium porrum ; leeks ; onions ; resistance ; Sclerotium cepivorum ; screening method ; white rot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A method has been developed to screen onion and leek seedlings under controlled conditions for resistance to white rot. Considerable differences in resistance were found between cultivars of onions and leek respectively. The highest resistance levels were observed in the onion cultivars Beth Alpha and Pukekohe Longkeeper and in the leek cultivars Batina, Carentan and Elephant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042149
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  • 39
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    Resistance to wilt in chickpea. II. Further evidence for two genes for resistance to race 1 (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 749-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum ; chickpea ; early-wilting ; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris ; late-wilting ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Tests of parents and F1, F2 and F3 generations of crosses of JG-62 (early-rilting) and C-104 (late-wilting) with resistant cultivars provide further evidence that resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to Race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris is controlled by at least two genes, both of which must be present in homozygous recessive form for complete resistance. Singly, one of the genes delays wilting, as in C.104. The second has not yet been isolated but crosses of resistant parents with JG-62 suggest that it operates in similar fashion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042155
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  • 40
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    Selection of potato cyst-nematodes on resistant Solanum vernei hybrids (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 911-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Potatoes ; Solanum vernei ; potato cyst-nematodes ; Globodera rostochiensis ; G. pallida ; resistance ; virulence ; major genes ; pathotypes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Selection of potato cyst-nematode populations of several pathotypes on resistant Solanum vernei hybrids resulted in increased virulence in some populations. This increase is believed to be due to the selection of specific virulence genes in each population gene pool. Resistance based on S. vernei is race specific and its life in the field will probably be finite. Populations of Globodera pallida are conventionally classified into different pathotypes according to their response on resistant test plants. However, populations of the same pathotype did not all behave identically. Such variation of virulence within a pathotype suggests different complements and frequencies of genes for virulence. Many field populations may not fit simply into the current pathotype scheme but no alternative is at present available.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042173
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  • 41
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    Resistance of Triticum dicoccoides to infection with Erysiphe graminis tritici (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Truticum dicoccoides ; wild emmer wheat ; Erysiphe graminis tritici ; powdery mildew ; resistance ; Israel ; germplasm ; wheat ; collection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The reactions of 233 Triticum dicoccoides acessions, collected at 10 sites in Israel and elsewhere, to infection with cultures of Erysiphe graminis tritici, were determined. The reactions indicated that the number of sources of resistance to E. graminis tritici which can be obtained from T. dicoccoides plants growing wild in Israel and elsewhere is almost unlimited. One hundred and fourteen or 49% of the accessions were resistant, and 137 or 59% of the accessions were resistant or moderately resistant to infection with four cultures of E. graminis tritici which possess the virulence genes corresponding to most of the identified resistance genes in wheat. Accessions collected at sites with marginal habitats where T. dicoccoides grows poorly and has lower grain weight, were more susceptible than were accessions collected at sites with an optimal habitat for growth of T. dicoccoides. The results agreed with those in a previous study with Hordeum spontaneum, and indicate that to obtain H. spontaneum or T. dicoccoides accessions with the highest level of resistance to the powdery mildew pathogens, plants should be collected at sites in ecological and geographic regions where those two species occupy optimum habitats and are exposed to the powdery mildew pathogens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022748
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  • 42
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    Genetics of resistance to cotton jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) in okra (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 215-220 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus ; okra ; Amrasca biguttula biguttula ; jassid ; resistance ; gene effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The resistance to cotton jassid in okra was found controlled by dominant genes. Both additive and dominance gene effects were significant but both additive gene effects and dominance x dominance type of interactions appear to be more important than other effects. The former could be exploited for developing genotypes resistant to jassids in okra.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022768
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    Inheritance of resistance to pea blight (Ascochyta pinodella) and induction of resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 9-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Pisum sativum ; pea ; Ascochyta pinodella ; pea blight ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Pea blight caused by Assochyta pinodella does considerable damage to the pea crop every year. To ascertain the inheritance of resistance to pea blight and incorporate resistance in the commercial cultivars, crosses were made between Kinnauri resistant to pea blight and four highly susceptible commercial pea cultivars — Bonneville, Lincoln, GC 141 and Sel. 18. Studies of the F1's, F2's, back crosses and F3's indicated that Kinnauri carries a dominant gene imparting resistance to pea blight.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022743
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  • 44
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    Components of resistance to ryegrass mosaic virus in a clone of Lolium perenne and their strain-specificity (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 411-417 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; perennial ryegrass ; ryegrass mosaic virus ; resistance ; virus strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The extreme resistance to ryegrass mosaic virus (RMV) of a clone of Lolium perenne L. was due to a combination of two distinct types of resistance: resistance to infection and resistance to multiplication and movement of virus within the plant. Resistance to infection was quantitatively inherited and highly effective against three strains of RMV, while resistance to multiplication and movement was controlled by two complementary recessive genes and was effective against only two of the three RMV strains.
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    A recessive resistance gene for yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 561-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; common wheat ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust ; resistance ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three lines derived from the old ‘dirty’ Dutch land variety Gelderse Ris were resistant against race 66(70)EO(16) of yellow rust. It was found that this resistance was conditioned by one recessive gene provisionally coded yrGR.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021157
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    A re-examination of apparent selection in Globodera pallida on Solanum vernei hybrids (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 583-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Potatoes ; Solanum vernei ; Globodera pallida ; potato cyst-nematode ; resistance ; virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This paper re-examines the data in support of recent findings by Turner et al. (1984), that selection for virulence in Globodera pallida takes place on Solanum vernei hybrids. It is concluded that there are a number of factors that must be taken into account and that these data must be interpreted with caution.
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  • 47
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    An instant bioassay for resistance of lettuce to the leaf aphid Myzus persicae (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 825-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lactuca ; lettuce ; Myzus persicae ; leaf aphid ; resistance ; honeydew production ; instant bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A reliable impression of the resistance of lettuce plants to the leaf aphid Myzus persicae can be obtained via aphid honeydew production. Under controlled temperatures, the number of honeydew droplets produced by these aphids per plant in 180 minutes with five plants per genotype offers a good criterion of this resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021909
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  • 48
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    Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 88 (1996), S. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: wheat ; tritordeum ; Hordeum chilense ; Fusarium culmorum ; Septoria nodorum ; scab ; deoxynivalenol ; ergosterol ; resistance ; Triticum spp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023887
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    Screening of Kabuli chickpea germplasm for resistance to Fusarium wilt (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cicer arietinum ; chickpea ; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri ; wilt ; screening ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A total of 1915 Kabuli chickpea lines were screened in a wilt sick plot containing Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri race 0 at Béja, Tunisia. Complete resistance was found in 110 lines and this result was confirmed by a laboratory screening method. Principal components analysis showed that 〉 80% of the variation of the resistant lines was explained by hundred seed weight and days to maturity. Cluster analysis divided the resistant lines into four groups: 21 had high seed weight (48.25 ± 3.81 g) and early maturity (95.09 ± 2.50 d), 24 had high seed weight (46.84 ± 2.10 g) and late maturity (117.00 d), 34 had low seed weight (22.35 ± 4.72 g) and early maturity (92.97 ± 3.97 d) and 31 had low seed weight (19.62 ± 5.37 g) and late maturity (112.09 ± 4.51 d).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003051100683
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  • 50
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    Evaluation of resistance to Fusarium head blight in indigenous Japanese species of Agropyron (Elymus) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Elymus ; Fusarium head blight ; scab ; resistance ; genetic resources ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four species of indigenous Japanese Agropyron, namely, Elymus humidus Osada (= Agropyron humidum), E. tsukushiensis Honda var. transiens (= A. tsukushiense), E. racemifer Tsvel. (= A. ciliare) and A. mayebaranum var. intermedium Hatusima were collected and evaluated for their resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) after inoculation with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe at the flowering stage. The resistance to penetration of FHB and to fungal invasion of rachis internodes was evaluated in each accession in a comparison with six wheat cultivars. The results demonstrated that AG.91-35 of E. humidus and AG.91-24 of E. racemifer had higher resistance to penetration than the resistant wheat cultivars Nobeokabouzu-komugi and Sumai 3, respectively. All accessions of indigenous Japanese species of Agropyron examined, with the exception A. mayebaranum, had a statisticallysimilar resistance to invasion, which was the same as that of Nobeokabouzu-komugi or Sumai 3. In all accessions of E. humidus, with only one exception, no spread of the fungus from the infected spikelets to the rachis internodes was detected at all. The possible application of the strains of Agropyron as genetic resources for development of resistance to FHB in wheat is discussed.
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    Inheritance of resistance to two isolates of sterility mosaic pathogen in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 45-52 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cajanus Cajan ; inheritance ; isolates ; pigeonpea ; resistance ; sterility mosaic ; susceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance to two isolates of the sterility mosaic pathogen, in three crosses of pigeonpea, involving resistant (ICP 7035, ICP 7349 and ICP 8850) and susceptible (ICP 8863) lines. Observations of F1 and F2 plants were explained on the basis of two independent non-allelic recessive genes for the less virulent, old Patancheru isolate (isolate 1). The backcrosses corroborated the segregation pattern observed in the F2 generation. For the more virulent, new Patancheru isolate (isolate 2), differential behavior of the F1’s was observed. Resistance was dominant in two crosses (ICP 7035 X ICP 8863 and ICP 7349 X ICP 8863), and susceptibility in the other cross (ICP 8850 X ICP 8863). The disease reaction for isolate 2, appeared to be governed by a single gene with three alleles, with one resistance allele exhibiting dominance and the other being recessive, over the allele for susceptibility. Monogenic inheritance of resistance to both isolates was noticed in the cross ICP 8850 X ICP 8863.
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    Characterization of wheat-alien translocations conferring resistance to diseases and pests: current status (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 59-87 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat-alien translocation ; resistance ; C-banding ; in situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wild relatives of common wheat, Triticum aestivum, and related species are an important source of disease and pest resistance and several useful traits have been transferred from these species to wheat. C-banding and in situ hybridization analyses are powerful cytological techniques allowing the detection of alien chromatin in wheat. C-banding permits identification of the wheat and alien chromosomes involved in wheat-alien translocations, whereas genomic in situ hybridization analysis allows determination of their size and breakpoint positions. The present review summarizes the available data on wheat-alien transfers conferring resistance to diseases and pests. Ten of the 57 spontaneous and induced wheat-alien translocations were identified as whole arm translocations with the breakpoints within the centromeric regions. The majority of transfers (45) were identified as terminal translocations with distal alien segments translocated to wheat chromosome arms. Only two intercalary wheat-alien transloctions were identified, one induced by radiation treatment with a small segment of rye chromosome 6RL (H25) inserted into the long arm of wheat chromosome 4A, and the other probably induced by homoeologous recombination with a segment derived from the long arm of a group 7 Agropyron elongatum chromosome with Lr19 inserted into the long arm of 7D. The presented information should be useful for further directed chromosome engineering aimed at producing superior germplasm.
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    Inheritance of resistance to Striga gesnerioides biotypes from Mali and Niger in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: biotype ; control method ; cowpea ; inheritance ; resistance ; Striga gesnerioides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot and laboratory experiments were performed in order to elucidate the genetics of resistance of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) resistant sources to two biotypes of the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke (witchweed). B301, Suvita-2 and IT82D-849 were crossed to susceptible cultivars. Roots of each plant of parental, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 populations were washed free of soil and examined closely for S. gesnerioides attachment. Data on resistant and susceptible cowpea plants were analyzed using the chi-square test to ascertain the goodness of fit to different genetic ratios. Segregation patterns indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to both S. gesnerioides biotypes in B301. Suvita-2, which is susceptible to the biotype from Maradi, Niger, showed segregation patterns that indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to S. gesnerioides biotype from Cinzana, Mali. Results also indicate monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to S. gesnerioides biotype from Cinzana in IT82D-849. However, the inheritance of resistance to the biotype from Maradi would be monogenic and recessive in this line. These results suggest that the resistance of all three sources would be easy to transfer to promising breeding lines.
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    Resistance to cowpea severe mosaic virus, determined by three dosage dependent genes in Vigna unguiculata L. Walp (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cowpea severe mosaic virus ; genetics ; selection ; screening ; resistance ; tolerance ; Vigna unguiculata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations of four resistant × susceptible crosses and three resistant × resistant crosses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) were screened for resistance to cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), in an insect protected screen house. The segregation ratio, at maturity, showed a 63 susceptible : 1 resistant ratio in the F2 generation indicating that resistance is governed by three major genes. The backcross tests and the F3 test confirmed this. The intermediate levels of symptoms observed in the F1 generation and the progression of symptom expression in the F2 generation suggested that resistance is gene dosage dependent. The genetic basis of immunity, tolerance, high level of resistance is discussed based on the three gene model. Delayed symptom expression was evident in genotypes with one or two susceptible alleles. The implications of delayed expression of symptoms in selection and breeding for resistance to CPSMV are discussed.
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    Induction of callose formation is a sensitive marker for genotypic aluminium sensitivity in maize (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 192 (1997), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; callose ; protoplasts ; resistance ; toxicity ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The screening of 37 Zea mays L. cultivars in nutrient solution using root elongation (24 h) as a parameter showed large genotypic differences in Al resistance among the genetic material evaluated. Callose concentrations in root tips were closely and positively related to Al-induced inhibition of root elongation. Therefore, Al-induced callose formation in root tips appears to be an excellent indicator of Al injury and can be used as a selection criteria for Al sensitivity. In contrast, aluminium concentrations in root tips were not related to Al-induced inhibition of root elongation, nor to Al-induced callose formation. Callose formation was also induced by short-term A1 treatment in root tip protoplasts, and the response of protoplasts clearly reflected the cultivar-specific response to Al of intact roots. This indicates that in maize, Al sensitivity is expressed on the protoplast level.
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    Effects of aluminium treatment on Norway spruce roots: Aluminium binding forms, element distribution, and release of organic substances (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 216 (1999), S. 103-116 
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    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; binding forms ; element compartmentation ; Picea abies ; resistance ; root exudates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate if Al resistance in Norway spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.) can be attributed to similar exclusion mechanisms as they occur in several crop plants, three-year-old Norway spruce plants were treated for one week in hydroculture with either 500 μM AlCl3 or CaCl2 solutions at pH 4. Sequential root extraction with 1 M NH4Cl and 0.01 M HCl and EDX microanalysis revealed that Al and Ca in cell walls and on the surface participated in exchange processes. About half of the Al extracted by the sequential extraction was not exchangeable by 1 M NH4Cl. Phenolics and phosphate present in the root extracts are possible ligands for Al adsorbed to or precipitated at the root in a non-exchangeable form. In both treatments, C release during the first period of 2 d was much higher than during the remaining time of the experiment. Al treated plants released less total C, carbohydrates and phenolics than did Ca treated plants. Acetate was the only organic acid anion that could be detected in some samples of both treatments. Free amino acids were present at micromolar concentrations but as hydrolysis did not increase their yield, there was no evidence of peptide release. One to two thirds of the released C were large enough not to pass a 1 kDa ultrafilter. The results suggest that exudation of soluble organic complexors is not a major Al tolerance mechanism in Norway spruce, although complexation of Al by phenolic substances released by the root could be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy. Aluminium tolerance could rather be attributed to immobilization in the root apoplast, where strong binding sites are available or precipitation may occur.
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    The physiology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal roots (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 197-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Carbohydrate ; Disease ; resistance ; Hormones ; Micronutrients ; Phosphate ; Physiology ; VA mycorrhizae ; Water uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The fungi of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae colonize considerable portions of the root system and in spite of the carbon drain they impose on the host plant, their presence within the root tissues can positively influence several aspects of the host plant's physiology. In the majority of cases, improved phosphate uptake is the primary cause of growth and yield enhancements in the mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal roots have different phosphate absorption kinetics and lower threshold values than nonmycorrhizal roots. The external hyphae developing around mycorrhizae explore a large volume of soil and absorb available phosphate beyond the depletion zone at the root surface. Phosphate accumulating in the external fungal hyphae is translocated to the internal mycelium by a well-developed transport system and transferred to the host tissues mainly across the intracellular arbuscules. Certain specialized enzyme activities are specifically associated with this alternative pathway of phosphate nutrition in mycorrhizal plants. Improved phosphate nutrition is not always sufficient to explain the observed effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on the host plant's physiology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182655
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    Comparison of two crossing and four selection schemes for yield, yield traits, and slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in wheat (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 100 (1998), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; breeding ; resistance ; yield ; yield components
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The most important breeding objectives in crop improvement are improving grain yield, grain quality, and resistances to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The objectives of our study were to compare two crossing and four selection schemes for grain yield, yield traits, and slow rusting resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) based on additive genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum), and to identify the most efficient crossing and selection methodologies in terms of genetic gains and cost efficiency. Segregating populations were derived from 18 simple crosses and the same number of top (three-way) crosses. Half of the crosses were derived from Yecora 70 and the other half from Veery #10 as the common leaf rust susceptible parents. The four selection schemes were: pedigree, modified bulk (F2 and F1-top as pedigree, selected lines in F3, F4, F2-top, F3-top as bulk; and pedigree in F5 and F4-top populations), selected bulk (selected plants in F2, F3, F4, F1-top, F2-top and F3-top as bulk; and pedigree in F5 and F4-top populations), and nonselected bulk (bulk in F2, F3, F4, F1-top, F2-top and F3-top; and pedigree in F5 and F4-top populations). A total of 320 progeny lines, parents and checks were tested for grain yield, other agronomic traits and leaf rust resistance during the 1992/93 and 1993/94 seasons in Ciudad Obregon (Sonora State, Mexico) which represents a typical high yielding irrigated site. The influence of the type of cross and the selection scheme on the mean grain yield and other traits of the progenies was minimal. The selection of parents was the most important feature in imparting yield potential and other favourable agronomic traits. Moreover, the highest yielding lines were distributed equally. Progeny lines derived from Veery #10 crosses had significantly higher mean grain yield compared to those derived from the Yecora 70 crosses. Furthermore, a large proportion of the highest yielding lines also originated from Veery #10 crosses. Mean leaf rust severity of the top cross progenies was lower than that of the simple cross progenies possibly because two parents contributed resistance to top cross progenies. Mean leaf rust severity of the nonselected bulk derivatives was twice that of lines derived from the other three schemes. Selected bulk appears to be the most attractive selection scheme in terms of genetic gains and cost efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018391519757
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    Combining ability of resistance to head blight caused by Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) in the F1 of a seven parent diallel of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 110 (1999), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: diallel analysis ; Fusarium culmorum ; heterosis ; resistance ; scab ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) caused by Fusarium spp. is a widespread disease of cereals causing relevant yield and quality losses and contaminating cereal products with mycotoxins. Breeding resistant cultivars is the method of choice for controlling the disease. Resistance to FHB is a quantitative trait and is most likely governed by several genes. We present the results of an F1 diallel analysis of FHB resistance involving six resistant and one susceptible European winter wheat genotypes of diverse origin in order to identify promising combinations for the selection of improved cultivars. Parents and F1s including reciprocals were evaluated for FHB resistance in an artificially inoculated field trial. Two traits were assessed: visual disease symptoms on the heads and the percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels in a harvested sample. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were statistically significant for visual symptoms and kernel damage, whereas reciprocal effects were small or not significant. Heterosis for resistance was common, indicating that the parental genotypes possess different resistance genes. Selection of transgressive segregates should be feasible from such heterotic combinations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003757002052
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    Inheritance of resistance to angular leaf spot (Isariopsis griseola Sacc.) in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 175-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris ; French bean ; Phaseolus coccineus ; runner bean ; Isariopsis griseola ; angular leaf spot ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Angular leaf spot (Isariopsis griseola Sacc.) is a serious disease of French bean in the hills of India and 40 to 70 per cent of the green pods are damaged and rendered unmarketable. Crosses were made between PLB 257, (Phaseolus coccineus L.), a red flowering pole tope, resistant to angular leaf spot, and Contender (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a highly susceptible commercial cultivar. Studies of the F1, F2, and F3 progenies indicated that PLB 257, carries a recessive gene imparting resistance to angular leaf spot.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037264
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    The breeding values of potato parents for field resistance to late blight measured by whole seedlings (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Potato ; Phytophthora infestans ; late blight ; resistance ; general combining ability (GCA) ; specific combining ability (SCA) ; multiple mating scheme ; North Carolina Experiment II design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Parents used in a potato breeding programme were intercrossed in a multiple mating scheme. The resulting progenies were assessed for resistance to late blight, using as criteria the size and frequencies of lesions on leaves, on petioles and on stems, and an overall score. Analysis of variance showed that all the statistically significant genetic variation was attributable to general combining ability (GCA) differences. The seven variates were highly correlated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025150
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    The location and characteristics of novel sources of resistance to Bremia Lactucae Regel (downy mildew) in wild Lactuca L. Species (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 659-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Bremia lactucae ; downy mildew ; Lactuca species ; lettuce ; resistance ; physiologic races
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one accessions of 3 wild Lactuca species which could be hybridised with L. sativa, the cultivated lettuce, were inoculated at different stages of plant development with 3 multivirulent isolates of Bremia lactucae. Nineteen sources of resistance to B. lactucae, not attributable to the previously recognised resistance factors 1–11 were identified. Two lines of L. serriola showed similar resistance patterns as lines carrying R11. The resistance of some accession was incomplete particularly at the seedling stage and this phenomenon may be race specific. Tests on segregating F2 populations of crosses between 2 different L. serriola accessions and L. sativa cultivars showed that the resistance in one line (LSE/18) appears to be inherited as a single dominant gene, which is sometimes incomplete in expression and allelic to either Dm6 or R7. The segregation patterns for resistance in PI 281876 did not give readily interpretable ratios. To assess the frequency of occurrence in B. lactucae populations of virulence factors to overcome this novel resistance, 11 of the novel sources of resistance were inoculated with numerous collections of the pathogen from the UK, Czechoslovakia and elsewhere and found to show a high level of resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038794
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    The production of alien monosomic additions in Beta vulgaris as a source for the introgression of resistance to beet root nematode (Heterodera schachtii) from Beta species of the section Patellares (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 313-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; cultivated beet ; wild Beta species ; resistance ; Heterodera schachtii ; beet root nematode ; interspecific hybridization ; alloploidy ; alien chromosome addition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Experiments were carried out for adding the chromosome carrying resistance to beet root nematode (Heterodera schachtii) from the wild Beta species of the section Patellares (B. procumbens, B. webbiana and B. patellaris) to the genome of B. vulgaris. Preliminary experiments indicated that crosses between the wild species and B. vulgaris cultivars of the mangold type yielded on average more viable F1 hybrids than crosses with sugar and fodderbeet. However, crossability varied strongly between individual parental combinations. It was concluded that most types of B. vulgaris can be hybridized with the wild species of the section Patellares if a sufficient number of pair-crosses is made. Crosses between diploid cultivars or species of the section Vulgares and diploid wild species of the section Patellares yielded many hybrids which, however, were highly sterile. From crosses between tetraploid B. vulgaris and the wild species a great number of viable allotriploid and allotetraploid hybrids was obtained. In the backcross progenies of allotriploid hybrids 26% alien monosomic additions occurred, of which 4.1% carried the resistance bearing chromosome of B. procumbens or B. patellaris. The programme will be continued by sereening progenies of the resistant monosomic addition plants for the occurrence of resistant disomic introgression products.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021646
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    Molecular diversity and plant disease resistance: An electrophoretic comparison of near-isogenic lines of wilt-resistant or -susceptible Pisum sativum L. cv. William Massey (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Pisum sativum ; pea ; fusarium wilt ; resistance ; protein ; esterase ; polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The soluble proteins from two near-isogenic lines of Pisum sativum. cv. William Massey have been compared electrophoretically. These lines differ in their physiological response to wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi), one being susceptible and the other resistant. The total protein profiles derived from the two lines appear to be identical. The resistant line differs electrophoretically from the susceptible line in carrying an esterase component which has been derived from its resistant parent, cultivar Delwiche Commando.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021649
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    6. Variation for incomplete resistance to Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea arabica (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 625-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Coffee leaf rust ; Coffea arabica ; coffee ; Hemileia vastatrix ; resistance ; components of resistance ; leaf retention period ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Variation for incomplete resistance to coffee leaf rust was studied in Coffea arabica. Disease level in the field was scored by a 0 to 9 scale. Components of resistance observed in laboratory and greenhouse tests were latency period (LP), lesion density (LD) and leaf retention period (LRP). LRP determines the duration of sporulation. Lines of ‘Mundo Novo’ and ‘Catuai’ showed relatively small but significant differences for disease level in the field. Heritibility was low (0.31) and part of the variance (34%) was explainable by a significant correlation between disease level and yielding capacity of the lines. The high susceptibility of ‘Ibaarê’, in comparison to other cultivars, was best explained by longer LRP values for ‘Ibaarê’. Also its LP was generally shorter than that of other cultivars. Among coffee accessions from Ethiopia great variation was observed for disease level in the field. A significant part of the variance (35%) was explained by differences in yielding capacity. Variation for resistance components was observed between accessions, tested in the greenhouse and laboratory. However, results of the two tests were inconsistent. Transgressive segragation for incomplete resistance was observed in F2 populations of the cross between Agaro C1164–19 and ‘Catuai’, tested in the laboratory and greenhouse. Resistance was expressed by a longer LP, a lower LD, a certain percentage of non-sporulating lesions and, in some populations, by early necrosis of lesions. Prospects for breeding for incomplete resistance to H. vastatrix in C. arabica are discussed. Factors which may hamper selection progress are: a) the positive correlation between yield and disease level in the field, b) the relative small genetic variation for incomplete resistance among C. arabica cultivars and productive breeding lines, and c) inconsistency of results between resistance tests.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021476
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    Inheritance of resistance to the leaf aphid Nasonovia ribis-nigri in the wild lettuce species Lactuca virosa (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 691-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lactuca virosa ; Leaf aphids ; Nasonovia ribis-nigri ; resistance ; inheritance ; multiple allelism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Six almost completely resistant (CR) accessions of L. virosa and one partially resistant (PR) accession of this species were intercrossed to investigate the inheritance of resistance and the location of the resistance genes. The CR in all accessions appeared to be governed by one (incompletely) dominant allele designated as Nr and the PR and possibly susceptibility (S) too by a recessive allele nr. The alleles for CR, PR and S were present on one and the same locus. It is still uncertain whether the alleles for CR in the various accessions are different, the same applies for the alleles for PR and S.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042148
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    Inheritance of resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Didymella applanata in canes of Rubus idaeus, and relationships between these resistances (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 895-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Rubus idaeus ; red raspberry ; Botrytis cinerea ; Didymella applanata ; inheritance ; resistance ; spur blight ; Rubus coreanus ; Rubus pileatus ; Rubus occidentalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Didymella applanata was studied both in a half diallel cross which involved resistant parents derived from red raspberry cv. Chief and a third backcross hybrid of Rubus occidentalis, and in backcrosses to raspberry of R. pileatus and R. coreanus hybrids. Resistances in the diallel were inherited additively with no interactions. The levels of resistance in the backcrosses were much higher than in the diallel and indicated good prospects for obtaining cultivars with very high levels of resistance. The resistances to the two diseases were highly correlated in progenies derived from each resistance source and, with the possible exception of resistance derived from R. coreanus, there was no evidence that resistance to one disease segregated independently of resistance to the other.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042171
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    Barley yellow dwarf virus resistance in the genus Avena (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena ; BYDV ; barley yellow dwarf ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The barley yellow dwarf virus resistance level was evaluated in acessions of most species of the genus Avena. Highest levels of resistance were found in A. sterilis and A. occidentalis. High resistance levels were also found in A. barbata, A. fatua, A. hybrida, A. macrostachya, diploid A. nuda and A. strigosa. Results are discussed in relation to breeding for resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022749
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    Inheritance of zucchini yellow mosaic virus resistance in Cucumis melo L. (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cucumis melo ; muskmelon ; resistance ; zucchini yellow mosaic virus ; genetics ; linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus has been found in the muskmelon line ‘PI 414723’ from India. This resistance is effective against the ZYMV strains E15 and 1318 belonging respectively to the NF and F pathotypes. Resistance to E15 (no vein clearing and yellowing symptoms) is governed by one dominant gene (symbol Zym) according to segregations observed in F1, F2 and BC1 progenies. This gene is epistatic dominant over Fn, which induces wilting and necrosis after inoculation with F pathotype. Linkage studies suggest that Zym inherits independently from Fom-1, Fom-2, Vat, Wmv and Fn but is linked with a (13.1 ±2.4 units).
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    Evaluating resistance of barley breeding lines to scald in field plots (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 897-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Rhynchosporium secalis ; scald ; field reaction ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 0–4 scoring system to quantify scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) infection is suggested. Scores 1, 2, 3 and 4 allocated to represent 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and 4/4 of the crop canopy scalded are easy to comprehend and intermediate scores e.g. 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 give it the breadth of a quantitative scale. Scores on a large number of lines showed a high degree of repeatability and were found to be highly correlated with the log transformed values of the actual leaf area damage. Although it was suggested that predictions of leaf area damage at scores 3–4 should be applied with caution, broad generalization of the scores in discriminating the amount of disease were shown to be soundly based and offered plant breeders a tool to standardize the evaluation of scald resistance in field plots on a large scale with this quick and reliable scoring system.
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    Variation in the response of melon genotypes to sudden wilt (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 87 (1996), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Collapse ; cucumis melo ; melon ; resistance ; sudden wilt ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Differences in the response of melon genotypes to the sudden wilt disease were observed in several field trials conducted during 1993–1994 in the Arava region of southern Israel. Generally, the disease was more severe in the late summer growing season which is shorter and has higher temperatures than the spring and autumn growing seasons. The Oriental pickling melon breeding line P6a was the most tolerant among the entries tested. The response to the disease was also studied using two segregating families and their progenitors. BSK (tolerant) × P202 (susceptible) and P6a (tolerant) × D17 (susceptible). Wilting percentages of F1, F2 and backcross families were intermediate between the parents, suggesting an additive mode of gene action.
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    Resistance to Karnal bunt in Hordeum chilense and its amphiploids with Triticum species (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: amphiploids ; Karnal bunt ; resistance ; Tilletia indica ; tritordeum ; Hordeum chilense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Reactions of Hordeum chilense accessions H1 and H7 and their amphiploids, HT8, HT9 and HT28 (named as tritordeum) alongwith wheat lines, T22, T24 and T59 used in their synthesis, were studied for resistance to the Karnal bunt pathogen (Tilletia indica) of wheat. Both the accessions of H. chilense and one tritordeum line, HT8, were rated as highly resistant with zero co-efficient of infection, whereas the other two tritordeum lines HT28 and HT9 were rated as moderately susceptible and susceptible with 5.2 and 10.5 co-efficients of infection, respectively, compared to reaction of the wheat lines involved in their synthesis. Karnal bunt infection was maximum on the susceptible wheat cultivar WL-711 with 24.3 co-efficient of infection. All the wheat lines involved in the synthesis of amphiploids were susceptible to Karnal bunt except, T59 (Triticum sphaerococcum) (6X), which showed a moderate level of resistance.
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    The diversity of head-scab resistance in Triticeae and their relation to ecological conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 97 (1997), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: head scab ; resistance ; Triticeae ; Fusarium graminearum ; ecological conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract 1507 accessions from 93 species of 18 genera in Triticeae were screened for resistance to initial infection and resistance to pathogen spread with multi-floret and single-floret injection inoculation methods respectively. The accessions with high resistance were mainly found in perennial genera: Roegneria, Hystrix, Agropyron, Kengyilia and Elymus. Based on differences in resistance, 18 genera screened in Triticeae could be classified into five groups. The species with high resistance were mainly distributed in humid ecological environments.
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    Resistance of nineteen cultivars of subterranean clover to four races of Phytophthora clandestina (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 351-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Phytophthora clandestina ; resistance ; root rot disease ; subterranean clover ; Trifolium subterraneum ; virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The resistance of 19 cultivars of subterranean clover was screened against 4 races of P. clandestina by mycelial inoculation of roots of 10-day-old seedlings growing in water agar and by growing seedlings in pasteurised potting mix containing infested vermiculite in controlled conditions. The cultivars showed differential resistance (vertical resistance) to races of the pathogen and can be divided into 4 resistance groups. Cultivars Clare, Esperance, Green Range, Junee, Mount Barker, Rosedale, Woogenellup and Yarloop were susceptible to all races. Cultivars Bacchus Marsh, Denmark, Enfield, Gosse, Goulburn, Karridale, Larisa, Leura and Trikkala were susceptible to races 1 and 3, but resistant to races 0 and 2. Cultivar Meteora was susceptible to races 2 and 3, but resistant to races 0 and 1. Cultivar Seaton Park (LF) was resistant to all races. Cultivars also varied in their race-non-specific (horizontal) resistance: cultivars that were susceptible to particular races usually varied in their degree of susceptibility to those races. In particular, Junee was more resistant to all four races than the other cultivars within its group. Similarly, cultivars Gosse, Larisa, Denmark and Trikkala were more resistant to races 1 and 3 than the other cultivars in their group. Races of the pathogen varied in their aggressiveness as well as in their virulence, as shown by the variation in aggressiveness of different isolates of race 0.
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    Diversity among Finnish net blotch isolates and resistance in barley (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 92 (1996), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; net blotch ; Pyrenophora teres ; resistance ; Hordeum vulgare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seedlings of a differential barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) series (21 genotypes) and of six check genotypes were used in the greenhouse to assess variation in virulence among 20 single-spore isolates of the net blotch pathogen. Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f.teres Smedeg., collected from various sites in Finland. The experiment was run twice and symptom expression was recorded on the first three leaves. Analysis of second leaf symptom scores from Run 1 indicated differences in virulence between isolates, all of which were pathogenic, and differential resistance among the barleys. The virulence of P. teres isolates appeared to be conditioned by the host barley from which the isolate derived; the average virulence of isolates collected from a susceptible host was greater than that of isolates collected from a less susceptible host. Results from Run 2 were similar regarding resistance within the barleys, but variation in virulence among the P. teres isolates was not consistent with that from Run 1. CI 9819 caries duplicate genes for resistance to P. teres (Rpt1b and Rpt1c), and CI 7548 possesses Rpt3d. Both genotypes were highly resistant to all isolates. The Rpt1a gene of Tifang (CI4407) conferred resistance to all isolates in Run 2, but only to about half of the isolates in Run 1. The checks, including two of the symptomatically most resistant Nordic barley genotypes, were universally susceptible during these stringent tests. No selective pressure has been placed on Finnish isolates of P. teres through previous deployment of major resistance genes, and it is speculated that any variation in virulence among isolates is likely to be due to a combination of evolutionary forces including, natural selection, random genetic drift and gene flow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022832
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    Genetic suppression of the cereal rye-derived gene Pm8 in wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Secale cereale ; powdery mildew ; Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici ; resistance ; suppression ; segregation distortion ; wheat ; rye
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The location of wheat gene Pm8 for resistance to powdery mildew in the 1RS chromosome segment derived from cereal rye cultivar Petkus was confirmed. There was reduced transmission of the 1BL.1RS chromosome relative to its wheat homologue in four of the five crosses examined. Pm8 was not expressed in some wheat cultivars and selections which possessed the 1RS chromosome identified by the presence of relevant genes for resistance to the three rusts, due to the presence of a dominant suppressor gene(s) in the wheat genome. The frequency of suppression in 1BL.1RS wheats from Mexico was significantly higher than in a group of wheats (both local and exotic) introduced from China and was probably much higher than in European wheats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002923030266
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  • 77
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    Genetical studies of resistance to Phytophthora porri in Allium porrum, using a new early screening method (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Allium porrum ; autotetraploidy ; introgression ; Phytophthora porri ; resistance ; screening methods ; leek
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new screening method was developed to evaluate resistance of leek (Allium porrum) to Phytophthora porri, based on inoculation by 24 h-immersion of leek plantlets in the 3–6 leaf stage in a suspension of ca. 100 zoospores.ml-1. The immersion test was used for identifying new sources of resistance and to determine the genetic basis of resistance. Within winter leek, five resistance classes were defined on the basis of average field scores of 21 plants. Clones from these plants were tested with the immersion technique. The average scores per resistance class in immersion and field tests were significantly correlated (P〈0.01). The correlation of single-date field scores with the immersion test scores was better in the second half of the epidemic season. A selection experiment yielded a strong response to selection for resistance (53–97%) but no response to selection for susceptibility. This may indicate that resistance is due to few recessive genes in the studied winter leek. Crosses between landraces and winter leek were analyzed by means of F2 (selfed F1) and BC1, progenies. This analysis indicated the presence of few loci with dominant genes for resistance in accession CGN 873243, and additive polygenes in accession Pl 368351.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002900717062
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  • 78
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    Sources of resistance to head scab in Triticum (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum ; Fusarium graminearum ; resistance ; head scab ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Multi-floret and single-floret injection inoculation methods were used to test 1076 accessions of Triticum for resistance to initial infection and resistance to pathogen spread within spike tissue respectively. The data obtained between years or inoculation dates were comparatively similar and were little influenced by climatic factors, especially humid condition. All the tested materials uniformly exhibited susceptibility to initial infection, but there were great differences in resistance to spread among species or cultivars. The diploid and tetraploid wheats were severely susceptible. Only 30 genotypes of common wheat of T. aestivum concv. vulgare showed high resistance to spread. The highest frequency of high spread resistance existed in these landraces which were distributed in Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai City, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces ranked second. The majority of wheat landraces from Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi Province and Beijing City showed susceptibility or high susceptibility. No resistance was found in Tibetian wheats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002982005541
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  • 79
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    Inheritance of sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: foxtail millet ; herbicide ; resistance ; interspecific hybridization ; sethoxydim ; inheritance ; Setaria italica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Interspecific hybridization between foxtail millet cultivars (Setaria italica) and a green foxtail (S. viridis) resistant to the herbicide sethoxydim were undertaken to breed foxtail millet for improved herbicide resistance. Parents, reciprocal F1 hybrids, F2 selfed derived populations and BC1 backcross progeny were produced and analysed for mortality and fresh weight over a range of dosages. All resistant progeny were 700 times more resistant than susceptible cultivars and was symptom free under current field dosages. Segregations of resistant and susceptible progeny (3:1 in F2 and 1:1 in BC1) were not dependent upon dosage. Heterozygous individuals displayed the same magnitude of resistance as homozygous plants at twelve times the recommended field dosage. Results suggested that sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet was controlled by a single, completely dominant, nuclear gene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002989725995
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  • 80
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    Resistance to western flower thrips in greenhouse cucumber: effect of leaf position and plant age on thrips reproduction (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 94 (1997), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Cucumis sativus ; Frankliniella occidentalis ; plant age ; leaf position ; reproduction ; resistance ; cucumber ; western flower thrips
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions, previously selected for low levels of damage after infestation with Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), were tested for resistance against F. occidentalis in a no-choice greenhouse experiment at the mature plant stage. The three accessions showed a strong reduction in thrips damage compared to the susceptible control. The effects of leaf position and plant age of the four cucumber accessions on the reproduction of F. occidentalis were determined in a leaf disc assay. Leaf position had a significant effect on thrips reproduction, whereas plant age, within the test range, had not. In general, reproduction was higher on young leaves. Reproduction as measured on leaf discs from certain leaf positions was strongly correlated with resistance of mature plants in the greenhouse, and can therefore be used as a quick test to screen cucumber accessions for resistance against thrips.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002937709157
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  • 81
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    Host-plant resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum in tomato germplasm (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 569-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: bacterial wilt ; germplasm evaluation ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Pseudomonas solanacearum ; resistance ; tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seedlings of two hundred and thirty-three accessions of the tomato collection maintained at the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica (CATIE) and 7 cultivars used as controls were evaluated for host-plant resistance to 4 virulent strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum representing race 1 biovars 1 and 3. In general, biovar 3 strains wilted seedlings faster than biovar 1 strains but, after 20 days post-inoculation, no significant differences were noted in susceptible control ratings. Significant differences for disease index were noted, but no line with complete resistance was found. For the USA biovar 1 strain UW-25, only 5 accessions, CATIE 17331, 17334, 17349, 17739, 17740, and 2 of the control cultivars, ‘Hawaii 7998’ and ‘UC-82B’ showed some degree of resistance. Conversely, both the frequency and the degree of resistance were high for Costa Rican biovar 1 strain UW-256. For biovar 3, the Costa Rican strain UW-255 was more virulent than the Peruvian strain UW-130. Eight CATIE accessions, 5539, 17331, 17333, 17334, 17345, 17349, 17742, and MIP-CH1, were as resistant as the resistant control ‘Hawaii 7998’ to 3 strains and accession 17740 was as resistant as ‘Hawaii 7998’ to all 4 strains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138833
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  • 82
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    Genotypic variation in field resistance of Cucurbita pepo cultivars to powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Cucurbita pepo ; squash ; genetic resources ; Erysiphe cichoracearum ; cucurbit powdery mildew ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fifty-eight cultivars of Cucurbita pepo (mostly zucchini type) were studied in three-year experiments for field resistance to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum. No genotypes were found with complete resistance to powdery mildew. There were significant differences in the expression of field resistance characterized by some basic epidemiological parameters (maximum infection degree, area below curve). The highest level of field resistance occurred in 13 cultivars including Acceste F1, Albina, ambassador F1, CU-235, Elite F1, Goldfinger, Parmanta F1, Seneca Hybr. F1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126944
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  • 83
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    First source of resistance in durum wheat to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 107-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: antibiois ; Mayetiola destructor ; resistance ; Triticum turgidum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is the major pest of wheat in North Africa. In Morocco, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf). Husn.) losses due to this pest have been estimated at 32%. Genetic resistance is the only economical and practical means of controlling this insect. Field and greenhouse screening of durum wheat genotypes resulted in the identification of one source of resistance to Hessian fly in Morocco. This is the first source of durum wheat Hessian fly-resistance identified in Morocco. This source of resistance expresses a medium level of antibiosis against first-instar Hessian fly larvae; about 25% of the larvae survive on resistant plants. The deployment of varieties that allow for larval survival on resistant plants should reduce selection for biotype development. This source of resistance is being used by CIMMYT/ICARDA and Moroccan breeders to develop resistant durum wheat varieties.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008615515704
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  • 84
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    Sources of resistance to bacterial blight of stock (Matthiola incana R. Br.) (1995)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 42 (1995), S. 371-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: bacterial blight ; interspecific hybridisation ; Matthiola ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Accessions ofM. tricuspidata (L.) R. Br.,M. aspera Boiss. andMatthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. were tested for their reaction to bacterial blight of stock (M. incana R. Br.), caused byXanthomonas campestris pv.incanae. Potted plants were sprayed with bacterial cell suspension, adjusted to 108 cells/ml. The tested accessions of the three species were found highly resistant, while control plants ofM. incana were severely infected. InterspecificF 1 hybrid plants betweenM. incana andM. tricuspidata also exhibited high resistance to the disease. The implications and the expected difficulties in breeding stock for bacterial blight resistance are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02432141
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    Identification in Aegilops species of resistant sources to Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 343-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Aegilops ; antibiosis ; Mayetiola destructor ; Morocco ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is the major insect pest of wheat in Morocco. Host plant resistance has been the most effective and practical method of controlling this pest. When 347 accessions of Aegilops species were screened in the greenhouse for resistance to Hessian fly, several accessions of Ae. geniculata Roth, Ae. triuncialis L., Ae. neglecta Req.ex Bertol., Ae. ventricosa Tausch, Ae. cylindrica Host and Ae. markgrafii (Greuter) Hammer showed resistance reaction. All expressed antibiosis as the mechanism of resistance against first instar Hessian fly larvae. These Aegilops sources of resistance could be exploited for transferring Hessian fly resistance to wheat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008675029389
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  • 86
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    Response of wild Cucumis species to inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Cucumis spp. ; germplasm evaluation ; wild progenitors ; Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans ; artificial inoculation ; seedlings ; necrotization ; resistance ; gene centers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Under controlled inoculation, a set of 49 accessions belonging to 16 wild species and varieties of the genus Cucumis was tested for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. There was no complete resistance to this pathogen in Cucumis accessions, but limited necrotization of leaves was observed in four accessions (C. africanus (PI 203974), C. anguria var. longipes (CUC 28/1974), C. melo subsp. conomon Baj-Gua (CUM 238/1974), C. zeyheri (PI 299572)). There were some quantitative differences between Cucumis accessions in disease symptom development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008639723466
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  • 87
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    Evaluation of cultivated and wild barley for resistance to pathotypes ofPuccinia hordei with wide virulence (1995)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 42 (1995), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Hordeum spontaneum ; leaf rust ; Puccinia hordei ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An isolate ofPuccinia hordei (ND89-3) originally collected in Morocco is virulent on most barley genotypes reported to possess resistance, except cultivar Estate (CI 3410), which possesses theRph3 gene and exhibits a low to intermediate level of resistance (infection type 12). Isolate ND89-3 possesses one of the widest virulence spectrums reported forP. hordei. Accessions ofHordeum vulgare (1,997 in total) andH. spontaneum (885 in total), mostly originating from the Mediterranean region and parts of North Africa, were evaluated with isolate ND89-3 at the seedling stage to identify new sources of leaf rust resistance. Fifty-eight accessions ofH. vulgare, and 222 accessions ofH. spontaneum exhibited low infection types to this isolate. Further evaluations of these resistant accessions with isolates ofP. hordei virulent forRph3,Rph7, andRph12 suggested that most of the resistantH. vulgare accessions possess theRph3 gene. Data suggested additional sources of effective resistance inH. vulgare are rather limited. FiveH. vulgare accessions and 167H. spontaneum accessions were identified as possible sources of new genes for leaf rust resistance. These accessions likely possess resistance genes that are different fromRph1 toRph12, or gene combinations thereof based on their reaction to four leaf rust isolates. Utilization of these accessions in barley breeding will broaden the germplasm resources available for genetic control ofP. hordei.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310678
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  • 88
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    Response to root-knot nematodes of a germplasm collection of red clover and related species (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 439-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Germplasm ; Meloidogyne ssp. ; red clover ; resistance ; root-knot nematode ; Trifolium spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A germplasm collection of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and seven related species was evaluated in greenhouse tests for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, and M. Javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Plants were rated for root galling severity and nematode egg production at eight weeks after inoculation with 1500 nematode eggs. A resistance index, RI = √(gall2; + egg2;), was generated to assess the plants' reaction to nematode infection as immune, highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, intermediate, moderately susceptible, susceptible, or highly susceptible. More than 98% of red clover accessions were intermediately to highly susceptible to all four root-knot nematode species. Only one accession, PI 271627 introduced from India, had a moderate resistance level to the four nematodes tested. About one third of the T. medium accessions were resistant or highly resistant to M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica whereas more than 50% of the T. alpestre accessions were highly resistant or immune to all four nematodes species. Genetic factors for resistance to root-knot nematode could be introduced into T. pratense through interspecific hybridization with T. medium and/or T. alpestre
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008681404916
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    Resistance to foliar blight of wheat: A search (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 469-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: foliar blight ; germplasm ; resistance ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract One thousand three hundred and eighty-seven spring wheat germplasm (Triticum aestivum L.) lines belonging to the Indian and CIMMYT wheat programmes were evaluated for their tolerance to foliar blight disease for three consecutive years i.e., from 1994 to 1997. Disease severity at six different growth stages, beginning from tillering to late milk stage, was recorded. None of the genotypes showed immunity to the disease. Of 43 lines showing resistant reaction, a major proportion (25) was represented by CIMMYT material. Comparatively, Indian germplasm lines tended to be more susceptible at more advanced growth stages. Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and Apparent Infection Rate (r) values of resistant lines were much lower than those of susceptible ones, but lower AUDPC in some of the resistant lines did not correspond to a lower 'r' value. Most of the resistant lines were derived from Seri, Myna, Bau, kauz, Hork 's' and Aegilops tauschii Coss.
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    Resistance to Meloidogyne javanica in wild Arachis species* (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 557-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Arachis spp. ; Meloidogyne javanica ; resistance ; root-knot nematodes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica Race 3 is an important nematode parasite of groundnut. Greenhouse evaluation of 184 accessions of 33 wild Arachis spp. five interspecific derivatives, 18 groundnut cultivars for root damage (galls formed by nematode) and nematode reproduction demonstrated that resistance to the nematode is available in the genepool of wild Arachis spp. Seven accessions, ICG 8952 (Arachis helodes), ICC 13211 (A. sylvestris), ICG 13224 (A. kretscmeri), ICG 13231 (Arachis sp.), ICG 14862 (A. kuhlmannii), ICG 14868 (A. stenosperma), and ICG 14915 (A. sylvestris) were highly resistant to nematode reproduction and root damage. There was no gall and eggmass formation on any plant of these accessions. Thirty-three accessions were resistant and 14 were moderately resistant. All the tested accessions of A. monticola, A. benensis, A. ipaensis, A. hoehnei, A. kempff-mercadoi, A. valida, A. chiquitana, A. rigonii, A. vallsii, A. dardani, A. paraguariensis, A. triseminata, interspecific derivatives, and groundnut cultivars were susceptible. The possible use of resistance sources in the breeding program is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008754812257
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  • 91
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    Resistance in Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima germplasms to cucumber mosaic virus (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 461-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Cucurbita ssp. ; germplasm evaluation ; cucumber mosaic virus ; artificial inoculation ; seedlings ; local and systemic infection ; resistance ; centers of origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A total of 384 Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita maxima accessions were evaluated in growth chambers or glasshouse tests for resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Seedlings were mechanically inoculated at the cotyledon stage, and scored for symptoms on cotyledons and true leaves 7 and 18 days after inoculation. Significant variation in resistance was found. A limited number of accessions were free of visual symptoms of infection. One C. pepo accession and thirteen C. maxima accessions showed a high level of resistance. Generally, C. maxima may be considered more resistant to CMV compared to C. pepo. There is no close relationship between origin, fruit morphotypes and CMV resistance in either species. Some accessions (e.g., C. pepo PI 438699; C. maxima PI 176530, PI 265555, PI 368564, PI 500483) could be useful for the future breeding programmes. The C. pepo cvs. ‘Cinderella’ and ‘Defender’ F1, previously described as resistant, showed maximum susceptibility to the yellow strain of CMV.
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  • 92
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    Nutrient cycling and growth in forest ecosystems of south western Australia: Relevance to agricultural landscapes (1999)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 45 (1999), S. 215-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: biodiversity ; disturbance ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; resilience ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nutrient and hydrologic cycles in harvested native forests in southern Australia are largely balanced. For example, we have little or no evidence of any decline in nutrient capital or availability in harvested forests. Short-term and small-scale reductions in evapotranspiration due to loss of leaf area after harvesting are adequately balanced at the landscape scale by large areas of regenerating or older-age forest. In contrast, agricultural systems on similar soils are a) dependent on large inputs of fertilisers to maintain growth and b) frequently subject to increasing salinity and waterlogging or other forms of degradation. The large-scale replacement of long-lived communities of perennial and often deep- rooting native species with annual crops or other communities of shallow-rooting species might be better managed within the framework of knowledge developed from studies of native plant communities. However, application of such a mimic concept to systems of low natural productivity is limited when agricultural systems require continued high productivity. Nonetheless, the mimic concept may help in developing sustainable management of agriculture on marginal lands, and contribute to the nutritional resilience of agroecosystems. Relevant characteristics for mimic agroecosystems in south western Australia include: high species diversity, diversity of rooting attributes, utilisation of different forms of nutrients (especially of N and P) in space and time, and the promotion of practices which increase soil organic matter content.
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    Sources of resistance to cyst nematode in cultivated and wild Cicer species (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: resistance ; Cicer ; Hetrodera ciceri ; chickpea ; wild species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Among the nematodes infesting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants in Syria, cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri Vovlas, Greco et Di Vito) is the most important. It is uneconomical to grow chickpea in fields infested with cyst nematode and to control this nematode with nematicide. Therefore, investigations were conducted at ICARDA, Syria from 1987 to 1991 to identify sources of resistance to cyst nematode in 7258 lines of C. arietinum and 102 lines of eight annual Cicer species including C. bijugum K.R. Rech. (13 lines), C. chorassanicum (Bge) M. Pop. (3 lines), C. cuneatum Hochst. ex Rich. (3 lines), C. echinospermum P.H. Davis (8 lines), C. judaicum Boiss. (18 lines), C. pinnatifidum Jaub. & Sp. (18 lines), C. reticulatum Ladiz. (36 lines), and C. yamashitae Kitamura (3 lines). All lines were grown in a greenhouse at 15–25°C in pots containing soil infested with 20 eggs of the nematode g-1 soil. Nematode infestation was evaluated on a 0 to 5 scale based on number of females and cysts on roots. Resistance was found in one line of C. bijugum, six lines of C. pinnatifidum, and one line of C. reticulatum. No lines of C. arietinum, C. chorassanicum, C. cuneatum, C. echinospermum, C. judaicum, or C. yamashitae was resistant to cyst nematode. Plants with resistance have been recovered in the F3 generation from crosses between the cultigen and C. reticulatum, indicating the possibility of transfer of gene(s) for resistance to cyst nematode from wild to cultivated Cicer species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00126752
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  • 94
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    Evaluation of world collection of kabuli chickpea for resistance to iron-deficiency chlorosis (1996)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 43 (1996), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: resistance ; iron-deficiency ; chickpea ; germplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Iron-deficiency chlorosis is often seen in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fields in the Mediterranean region and is particularly severe in fields where iron-deficiency susceptible cultivars are sown. Therefore, ICARDA's breeding programme field evaluated 6224 kabuli chickpea germplasm accessions for iron-deficiency chlorosis on a high pH Calcic Rhodoxeralf soil (pH 8.5, 20–25% calcium carbonate) at Tel Hadya, Syria during the winter and spring of 1987/88. Two resistant and 17 susceptible lines were grown during autumn, winter and spring of 1988/89 to examine the effect of sowing time on the appearance of the deficiency. About 99% of accessions showed no iron-deficiency symptoms. Evaluation of susceptible accessions during autumn, winter, and spring sowing revealed that iron-deficiency chlorosis was more pronounced during winter sowing. There were also significant genotype x season interactions, indicating differential responses of genotypes to time of sowing. Since the iron-deficiency chlorosis character is controlled by recessive genes, a negative selection to discard the susceptible lines from breeding material is recommended as an effective breeding strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00123277
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  • 95
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    Evaluation of Roegneria for resistance to head scab caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (1997)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 44 (1997), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Fusarium graminearum ; resistance ; Roegneria ; scab ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract 71 accessions from 13 Roegneria species were evaluated for resistance to wheat scab. The results showed that 31 of the 71 accessions possessed high resistance (HR) to initial infection and high resistance (HR) to pathogen spread. The disease spread from inoculated floret to head rachis was not observed, and the incidence of head infection were lower under natural than under artificial inoculation conditions. The intergeneric hybrid F1 of Roegneria tsukushiensis (Honda) B.R. Lu, Yen et J.L. Yang. var. transiens (Hack.) B.R. Lu, Yen et J.L. Yang × Hordeum vulgare Linn. exhibited resistance (R) to pathogen invasion and high resistance (HR) to spread. Therefore, Roegneria could be used as scab resistant resources in cereal breeding. In addition, the relatioship between its resistance and ecological environments where Roegneria was distributed was discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008643617661
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  • 96
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    The evidence for the extent of N.I. Vavilov's new world Andean centres of cultivated plant origins (1999)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 46 (1999), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Vavilov ; centres of diversity ; America ; Solanium ; potatoes ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Vavilov's ideas on New World centres of crop plant diversity are reviewed and the development of his ideas from 1926 to 1940 are described. More recent collecting work and taxonomic studies by the author confirm largely the delimitation of the American gene centres suggested by Vavilov, even in regard to details, e.g. within Bolivia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008642630144
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  • 97
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    Breeding wheat for resistance to Heterodera avenae in Southeastern Australia (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 100 (1998), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Heterodera avenae ; resistance ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Breeding wheat for resistance to Heterodera avenae in southern Australia has been in progress for nearly 30 years and recently a number of resistant varieties have been released. Early breeding work was hampered by three factors: • a lack of appreciation of the role and extent of the problem, • inaccurate, slow screening methods, ultimately being replaced by the 'tube' test and soon by linked molecular markers, • inappropriate breeding strategies, so that varietal releases have taken place only when the breeding has been fully integrated into the main programs. The experiences in southern Australia will be relevant to many other areas in the world where H. avenae is the major pest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018347704735
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  • 98
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    Evaluation of whitefly-mediated inoculation techniques to screen Lycopersicon esculentum and wild relatives for resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 101 (1998), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Bemisia tabaci ; inoculation techniques ; Lycopersicon spp. ; resistance ; TYLCV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract For two consecutive years nine hybrids and three varieties of tomato, four Lycopersicon peruvianum and four Lycopersicon chilense accessions were screened for Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) resistance. Three inoculation techniques using Bemisia tabaci, the vector of TYLCV, were compared: (1) artificial mass inoculation-simultaneous infection of cultivated and wild material in greenhouses; (2) artificial cage inoculation-individual infection in insect-proof cages; (3) natural field infection. Artificial inoculations led to higher levels of infection, but different patterns of response to each inoculation technique were found depending on the resistance level. Tomato varieties showed an important fruit set reduction after both artificial and natural inoculations. In contrast, field infection was milder in tomato hybrids, in which yield was barely affected. These hybrids showed a wide range of reactions with the two artificial inoculation techniques, but infection was always more severe after mass inoculation. Extreme severity of mass infection made it difficult to differentiate among variable degrees of resistance that were more reliably detected with cage inoculation. The hybrids F3524, F3522, Fiona, and Tyking showed the highest level of resistance. F3524 and F3522 had an acceptable yield in field and cage assays, but their resistance collapsed under massive conditions of infection. Tyking and Fiona exhibited the best response in all conditions, although their yield was moderately reduced in mass assays. Mass inoculation was not adequate for the screening of wild Lycopersicon. Some susceptible plants escaped infection, probably as a consequence of non-preference mechanisms and loss of vector infectivity. Individual inoculation in cages prevented the risk of non-infection, ensuring 100% disease incidence. This technique allowed the selection of highly resistant wild sources. L. chilense LA 1969 and LA 1963 had the highest level of resistance with the three inoculation techniques. L. peruvianum PI-126944 and L. chilense LA 1932, which were only tested in mass and field conditions, also exhibited a promising response. The results proved that the inoculation technique influences the response of tomato and wild Lycopersicon spp to TYLCV. It is concluded that artificial cage inoculation, although more time-consuming, is the most efficient, adequate, and reliable technique to screen both cultivated and wild Lycopersicon species for resistance to TYLCV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018353806051
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  • 99
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    Phytotoxic effect of culture filtrate from Fusarium subglutinans the causal agent of fusariose of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 104 (1998), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Fusarium subglutinans ; callus ; tissue culture ; culture filtrate ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two pineapple varieties differing in resistance to fusariose were examined for the phytotoxic effect of Fusarium subglutinans culture filtrate. The cultivars were Perolera (more resistant to pathovars of Fusarium subglutinans) and Smooth Cayenne (more susceptible). The phytotoxic effect of culture filtrate was assessed in tissue culture pineapple plantlets (by electrolyte leakage and placing the culture filtrate on wound leaf segments) and callus (inhibition of growth). Smooth Cayenne proved to be the most sensitive cultivar in each test, whereas Perolera showed resistance to the culture filtrate and its callus grew in the presence of high concentrations of culture filtrate that were completely toxic to Smooth Cayenne. These results show that plants can display cellular resistance to the culture filtrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018387210157
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  • 100
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    Inheritance and allelism for resistance to Russian Wheat Aphid in an Iranian Spring Wheat (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 107 (1999), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Russian wheat aphid ; resistance ; inheritance ; allelism ; segregation ratio ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is an important pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the United States of America. Developing adapted wheat cultivars with genetic resistance to RWA is an effective control strategy. Genetic studies were conducted to determine the mode of inheritance of gene(s) conferring resistance to RWA in an Iranian landrace wheat line, G 5864. For the inheritance study, G 5864 was crossed with the susceptible wheats ‘Yecora Rojo’ and ND 2375. Seedlings of F1, reciprocal F1, F2, BC1 to the susceptible parent (BCS), and BC1 to the resistant parent (BCR) were screened for RWA reaction. Several phenotypic segregation ratios were tested in the F2 populations for goodness of fit; the 9:3:3:1 ratio (resistant: rolled leaves: stunted plants: susceptible) was an acceptable fit in all cases. Thus, resistance in G 5864 seemed to be controlled by two independent dominant genes with additive gene effects. The allelic relationships of gene(s) in this line with genes in other resistant lines, PI 137739 (Dn1), PI 262660 (Dn2), PI 372129 (Dn4), PI 294994 (Dn5), and PI 243781 (Dn6), were also studied. Segregation patterns observed in G 5864 × resistant (R × R) F2 populations were inconclusive. However, no susceptible plants were observed in these F2 populations. If previous reports concerning the number of resistance genes present in the other resistant lines are correct, then given the high manifestation of resistance observed in G 5864, and given the absence of susceptible plants in the R × R F2 populations, it is indicated that RWA resistance in G 5864 is either controlled by different alleles at the same loci as the other resistance genes, or that G 5864 shares a resistance gene with each of the other resistant lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003549512216
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