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  • Other Sources  (428)
  • Springer  (335)
  • Wiley  (93)
  • American Physical Society
  • Blackwell Publishers Ltd
  • 2000-2004  (428)
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  • 1
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    Programmieren mit R (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 6, no. 22, pp. 71-80, (ISBN 0-87590-422-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004
    Keywords: Textbook of mathematics ; Statistical investigations ; software
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    A new green-tide-forming alga, Ulva ohnoi Hiraoka et Shimada sp. nov. (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae) from Japan (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Phycological Research, 52 (1). pp. 17-29.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-24
    Description: Ulva ohnoi Hiraoka et Shimada sp. nov. (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae) is described from southern and western Japan and is characterized by the following combination of features: (i) the large, fragile, easily torn thalli, which are 30–55 μm thick in the upper and middle regions and often have microscopic marginal teeth; (ii) the production of zoids in the upper marginal region; (iii) a regular alternation of dioecious gametophytes and a sporophyte; (iv) the production of free-floating thalli from torn-off attached thalli, which reproduce vegetatively by fragmentation and form green tides in summer to autumn; (v) disorderly arranged cells that are polygonal or quadrangular in the upper and middle regions; and (vi) the chloroplast covering the outer face of cell, with 1–3 pyrenoids. Ulva ohnoi differs from U. armohcana Dion et al., U. fasciata Delile, U. reticulata Forsskal, U. scandinavica Eliding and U. spiulosaOkamura et Segawa, which all possess microscopic marginal serrations, in thallus shape, cell shape or life history pattern. It is also distinguished from morphologically similar species by sequences of the nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and the plastid encoded large subunit of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxgenase gene. Furthermore, crossing tests demonstrate that there is a reproductive boundary between U. ohnoi and the most closely related species, U. fasciata and U. reticulata.
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  • 3
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    Regulation of gas vesicle content and buoyancy in light- or phosphate-limited cultures of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Cyanophyta) (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Phycology, 23 (1). pp. 70-78.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-20
    Description: Measurements of the gas vesicle space in steady‐state light or phosphate‐limited cultures of Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae Ralfs, strain 7905 showed that gas vesicle content decreased as energy‐limited growth rate increased hut was the same at several phosphate‐limited growth rates. Upon a decrease in growth irradiance, gas vesicle content did increase in phosphate‐limited cultures, hut the cultures remained nonbuoyant as long as P was limiting. Buoyant, energy‐limited cultures lost their buoyancy in less than 2 h when exposed to higher irradiances. The primary mechanism for buoyancy loss was the accumulation of polysaccharide as ballast. Collapse of gas vesicles by turgor pressure played a minor role in the loss of buoyancy. When cultures were exposed to higher irradiances, cells continued to synthesize gas vesicles at the same rate as before the shift for at least 1 generation time. The amount of ballast required to make individual filaments in the population sink varied 4‐fold. This variation appears to be due to differences in gas vesicle content among individual filaments.
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  • 4
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    Taxonomy and Ecology of Sponge-AssociateMarionina spp. (Clitellata : Enchytraeidae) from the Horomatangi Geothermal System of Lake Taupo, New Zealand (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  International Review of Hydrobiology, 89 (1). pp. 58-67.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-28
    Description: The dissection of Heterorotula sponges collected in an area of geothermal activity at 126–145 m depth on the floor of Lake Taupo (de Rondeet al., 2002) revealed a dense population of associated Enchytraeidae. They represent three species of Marionina, two of which known but exotic (the Palaearctic M. ripariaBretscher, 1899 and the Chinese M. seminudaXie and Rota, 2001), and one new to science, M. spongicola sp. n. This is the first report of an ecological association between enchytraeids and poriferans in the lake profundal zone. The possible nature of such relationship (casual contact for feeding or dwelling for food and shelter) is discussed.
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  • 5
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    Fluid Venting Activity on the Costa Rica Margin: New Results from Authigenic Carbonates (2004)
    Springer
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93 . pp. 596-611.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Carbonate precipitates on mounds and along tectonic scarps off the Costa Rica margin are manifestations of subduction-induced dewatering. The long-term dewatering history is recorded in mineralogical, petrological and isotope signals of carbonates recovered from these sites. The carbonates are strongly depleted in δ13C (−11 to −53‰ PDB) and enriched in δ18O (+4 to +8‰ PDB). Thermogenic methane and biogenic methane were identified as sources of the carbon. Chemoherm carbonates and seepage-associated carbonates formed in a focused flow regime have lighter δ13C values, while others formed in a more diffusive flow regime have slightly enriched C isotope values. Three fluid components were inferred based on the calculation of equilibrium δ18O: clay dehydration water, gas hydrate water and seawater. Calculated equilibrium δ18O values of carbonates from different down-core depths as well as from different precipitation stages show that the δ18O of the precipitating fluid is progressively depleted with time. Dolostones showing a methane-C source and a well constrained O-isotope signature are thought to have formed at depth in the sediment and subsequently became exhumed. Glauconitic sandstones cemented by methane-derived carbonate provide evidence that fluid and solid material have been expelled by the mud volcano.
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  • 6
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    Seasonal variations in the behavioural thermoregulation of roosting Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in north-central Chile. (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Ornithology, 145 . pp. 35-40.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-03
    Description: We examined the thermoregulatory behaviour (TRB) of roosting Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) in north central Chile during summer and winter, when ambient temperatures (Ta) are most extreme. Each body posture was considered to represent a particular TRB, which was ranked in a sequence that reflected different degrees of thermal load and was assigned an arbitrary thermoregulatory score. During summer, birds exhibited eight different TRBs, mainly oriented to heat dissipation, and experienced a wide range of Ta (from 14 to 31°C), occasionally above their thermoneutral zone (TNZ, from 2 to 30°C), this being evident by observations of extreme thermoregulatory responses such as panting. In winter, birds exhibited only three TRBs, mainly oriented to heat retention, and experienced a smaller range of Ta (from 11 to 18°C), always within the TNZ, even at night. The components of behavioural responses increased directly with the heat load which explains the broader behavioural repertoire observed in summer. Since penguins are primarily adapted in morphology and physiology to cope with low water temperatures, our results suggest that behavioural thermoregulation may be important in the maintenance of the thermal balance in Humboldt penguins while on land.
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  • 7
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    Investigation and assimilation of nitrogen from benthic sediments by threee species of coral (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 145 . pp. 1097-1106.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: We quantified the nitrogen and enzyme hydrolyzable amino acid (EHAA) concentrations of sediments prior to and after corals sloughed, ingested, and egested sediments layered onto their surfaces, for the three coral species Siderastrea siderea, Agaricia agaricites, and Porites astreoides in Jamaica. The percent nitrogen of the sediments egested by all three species was lower than in the sediments available to the corals. Additionally, the sediments sloughed (not ingested) by A. agaricites and P. astreoides were lower in percent nitrogen, while the sediments sloughed by S. siderea had the same percent nitrogen as that of the available sediments. The percent nitrogen of the sediments sloughed and egested by P. astreoides showed significant negative and positive relationships, respectively, to increasing sediment loads, while the percent nitrogen of the sediments sloughed and egested by both S. siderea and A. agaricites showed no relationship to sediment load. EHAA concentrations were not significantly different between the sloughed and available sediments but were significantly lower in the sediments egested by S. siderea and A. agaricites (EHAA concentrations were not measured for P. astreodies sediment fractions). Comparisons of the nitrogen and EHAA concentrations in the sloughed and egested sediments to what was available prior to coral processing show that maximum ingestion was between 0.1 and 0.2 µg N µg−1 coral N cm−2 and between 0.5 and 0.6 µg EHAA·cm−2. Maximum assimilation efficiencies were estimated to be 30–60% of the available nitrogen. The data show that corals ingest and alter the nitrogen concentration of particles that land on their surfaces. The corals’ abilities to process these sediments, and the sediments’ possible contributions to coral nutrition, are discussed based on these results.
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  • 8
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    Hydrothermal Iron and Manganese Crusts from the Pitcairn Hotspot Region. (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: Oceanic hotspots: intraplate submarine magmatism and tectonism / R. , ed. by Hekinian, R., Stoffers, P. and Cheminee, J. L. Springer, ---, pp. 375-405.
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    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Consumer effects decline with prey diversity (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology Letters, 7 . pp. 192-201.
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: While consumer species diversity is known to influence the capture of limited resources, little is known about how prey diversity impacts the transfer of energy and matter among trophic levels. Here, we perform a meta-analysis of experiments that have examined the impact of grazers on the biomass of periphytic algae to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of consumer (grazer) effects on prey (algae) depends on the species diversity of the prey assemblage. The analysis reveals that consumer effects tend to decrease as the diversity of a prey assemblage increases. This trend is robust for several different, yet complementary indices of grazer effect size and algal diversity. The trend also remains significant after statistically controlling for a variety of factors that can covary with prey diversity among studies. We discuss several possible mechanisms for the documented pattern, such as diversity enhancing the probability of inedibility and of positive interactions.
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  • 10
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    What happens to the kype of male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that survive spawning? (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Morphology, 260 .
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    Publication Date: 2018-04-03
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  • 11
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    Variability of the meridional overturning circulation of the North Atlantic: Sensitivity to overflows of dense water masses (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Ocean Dynamics, 54 (1). pp. 92-106.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-06
    Description: A numerical model of the Atlantic Ocean was used to study the low-frequency variability of meridional transports in the North Atlantic. The model shows a behaviour similar to those used in previous studies, and the temporal variability of certain variables compares favourably to observed time series. By changing the depth and width of the sills between the subpolar North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas, the mean horizontal and overturning circulation as well as some water mass properties are modified significantly. The reaction of meridional oceanic transports to atmospheric forcing fluctuations remains, however, unchanged. The critical role of the surface heat flux retroaction term for the meridional heat transport in stand-alone ocean models is discussed. The experiments underline the role of atmospheric variability for fluctuations of the large-scale ocean circulation on time scales from years to decades, and they support the hypothesis that the mean overturning strength is controlled by the model representation of the density of the overflow water masses.
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  • 12
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    Heat flow and quantity of methane deduced from a gas hydrate field in the vicinity of the Dnieper Canyon, northwestern Black Sea (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 24 (3). pp. 182-193.
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    Publication Date: 2017-05-24
    Description: Seismic reflection data document for the first time the existence of a BSR in a limited area west of the Dnieper Canyon in the northwestern Black Sea. Seismic wide-angle data suggest that gas hydrates occupy in average 15±2% of the pore space in a zone of 100 m in thickness. A conservative quantification of the amount of methane associated with this gas hydrate occurrence is about 12±3×1011 m3 (0.6±0.2 Gt of methane carbon). Conductive heat flow deduced from the BSR depth is in the range of 21±6 to 55±15 mW m−2.
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  • 13
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    Sustainable Production of Bioactive Compounds by Sponges? Cell Culture and Gene Cluster Approach: A Review (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biotechnology, 6 (2).
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-26
    Description: Sponges (phylum Porifera) are sessile marine filter feeders that have developed efficient defense mechanisms against foreign attackers such as viruses, bacteria, or eukaryotic organisms. Protected by a highly complex immune system, as well as by the capacity to produce efficient antiviral compounds (e.g., nucleoside analogues), antimicrobial compounds (e.g., polyketides), and cytostatic compounds (e.g., avarol), they have not become extinct during the last 600 million years. It can be assumed that during this long period of time, bacteria and microorganisms coevolved with sponges, and thus acquired a complex common metabolism. It is suggested that (at least) some of the bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from sponges are produced by functional enzyme clusters, which originated from the sponges and their associated microorganisms. As a consequence, both the host cells and the microorganisms lost the ability to grow independently from each other. Therefore, it was—until recently—impossible to culture sponge cells in vitro. Also the predominant number of “symbiotic bacteria” proved to be nonculturable. In order to exploit the bioactive potential of both the sponge and the “symbionts,” a 3D-aggregate primmorph culture system was established; also it was proved that one bioactive compound, avarol/avarone, is produced by the sponge Dysidea avara. Another promising way to utilize the bioactive potential of the microorganisms is the cloning and heterologous expression of enzymes involved in secondary metabolism, such as the polyketide synthases.
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  • 14
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    Genera-specific immunofluorescence labeling of ammonia oxidizers with polyclonal antibodies recognizing both subunits of the ammonia monooxygenase (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Microbial Ecology, 47 (4). pp. 374-384.
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-28
    Description: Polyclonal antibodies that recognize the two subunits AmoA and AmoB of the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) were applied to identify ammonia-oxidizing bacteria by immunofluorescence (IF) labeling in pure, mixed, and enriched cultures. The antibodies against the AmoA were produced using a synthetic peptide of the AmoA of Nitrosomonas eutropha, whereas the antibodies against the AmoB had been developed previously is against the whole B-subunit of the AMO [Pinck et al. (2001) Appl Environ Microbiol 67:118–124]. Using IF labeling, the AmoA antibodies were specific for the detection of all species of the genus Nitrosomonas. In contrast, the antiserum against AmoB labeled all genera of ammonia oxidizers of the β-subclass of Proteobacteria (Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrosolobus, and Nitrosovibrio). The fluorescence signals of the AmoA antibodies were spread all over the cells, whereas the signals of the AmoB antibodies were associated with the cytoplasmic membranes. The specificity of the reactions of the antisera with ammonia oxidizers were proven in pure and mixed cultures, and the characteristic IF labeling and the morphology of the cells enabled their identification at the genus level. The genus-specific IF labeling could be used to identify ammonia oxidizers enriched from various habitats. In enrichment cultures of natural sandstone, cells of the genera Nitrosomonas, Nitrosovibrio, and Nitrosospira were detected. Members of the genus Nitrosovibrio and Nitrosolobus were most prominent in enriched garden soil samples, whereas members of the genus Nitrosomonas dominated in enriched activated sludge. The antibodies caused only slight background fluorescence on sandstone and soil particles compared to oligonucleotide probes, which could not be used to detect ammonia oxidizers on these materials because of strong nonspecific fluorescence.
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  • 15
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    Organic carbon input to the arctic seas through coastal erosion (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic: Present and Past. , ed. by Stein, R. and Macdonald, R. W. Springer, Berlin (u.a.), pp. 41-45. ISBN 3-540-01153-6
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-19
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 16
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    Quicktone ? Ein Interview mit Ivan Thoralf Rosenqvist (2004)
    Springer
    In:  International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93 (4). pp. 645-651.
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-23
    Description: Durch Vermittlung von Jörn Thiede gelangte das Geologenarchiv in den Besitz eines Videobands von einem Fernsehinterview mit Rosenqvist (auch gelegentlich Rosenquist), das Elen Roaldset (E.R.) im Geologischen Institut der Universität Oslo am 8.September 1988 führen konnte. Es umfasst den gesamten Lebenslauf und die wichtigsten wissenschaflichen Leistungen dieses aussergewöhnlichen Geologen und Mineralogen. Er wurde in Wien am 17. Mai 1916 geboren, kam aber mit seinen Eltern schon 1917 nach Oslo, wo er am 8. Oktober 1994 starb (K. Bjørlykke 1995). Im Folgenden sollen aus dem Interview nur seine wegweisenden Untersuchungen der Quicktone, seine fachliche Vielseitigkeit, sein gesellschaftliches Engagement und seine schwierigen Erfahrungen mit Deutschland herausgegriffen werden. Das in der Landessprache geführte Gespräch wurde von Geir Ebelfoff und Lars Erik Kastilan ins Deutsche transkribiert.
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  • 17
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    A Digital Microfluidics Platform for Multiplexed Explosive Detection (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: Electronic Noses & Sensors for the Detection of Explosives. NATO Science Series, 159 . Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 279-288. ISBN 978-1-4020-2318-7
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-20
    Description: Portable and automated field screening equipment would be very effective in assessing contamination due to explosives at many defense sites. A droplet based microfluidic lab-on-a-chip utilizing electrowetting has been presented for fully automated detection of TNT. Microliter droplets of TNT in DMSO and KOH in water are reacted on a chip in a programmed way. The same platform has integrated colorimetric detection. The detection of TNT is linear in the range of 12.5–50 µg/mL.
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  • 18
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    Effect of microrelief and vegetation on methane emission from wet polygonal tundra, Lena Delta, Northern Siberia (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Biogeochemistry, 69 (3). pp. 341-362.
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-13
    Description: The effect of microrelief and vegetation on methane (CH4) emission was investigated in a wet polygonal tundra of the Lena Delta, Northern Siberia (72.37N, 126.47E). Total and plant-mediated CH4 fluxes were measured by closed-chamber techniques at two typical sites within a low-centred polygon. During the study period, total CH4 flux averaged 28.0 ± 5.4 mg m−2 d−1 in the depressed polygon centre and only 4.3 ± 0.8 mg m−2 d−1 at the elevated polygon rim. This substantial small-scale spatial variability of CH4 emission was caused by strong differences of hydrologic conditions within the microrelief of the polygon, which affected aeration status and organic matter content of the soils as well as the vegetation cover. Beside water table position, the vegetation cover was a major factor controlling CH4 emission from polygonal tundra. It was shown that the dominant vascular plant of the study area, Carex aquatilis, possesses large aerenchyma, which serve as pathways for substantial plant-mediated CH4 transport. The importance of plant-mediated CH4 flux was strongly influenced by the position of the water table relative to the main root horizon. Plant-mediated CH4 transport accounted for about two-thirds of the total flux in the wet polygon centre and for less than one-third of the total flux at the moist polygon rim. A clipping experiment and microscopic-anatomical studies suggested that plant-mediated CH4 transport via C. aquatilis plants is driven only by diffusion and is limited by the high diffusion resistance of the dense root exodermes.
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  • 19
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    Modern terrigenous organic carbon input to the Arctic Ocean (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic: Present and Past. , ed. by Stein, R. and Macdonald, R. W. Springer, Berlin (u.a.), pp. 33-41. ISBN 3-540-01153-6
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    Publication Date: 2015-03-03
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  • 20
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    Exocellular Cyclic Dipeptides from a Ruegeria Strain Associated with Cell Cultures of Suberites domuncula (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biotechnology, 6 (1). pp. 95-103.
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-26
    Description: From cell cultures of Suberites domuncula was isolated a bacterial strain, SDC-1, which was identified by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis as an α-Proteobacterium of the genus Ruegeria. The occurrence of the strain in sponge cell culture could be explained by its resistance to the antibiotics used in the isolation of sponge cell cultures or by the preservation of SDC-1 by host sponge cells. The fatty acid composition of SDC-1 is characterized by branched C-12 methyl fatty acids. Two new and 8 known cyclic dipeptides were isolated and characterized from the fermentation broth of SDC-1. Cyclodipeptides are one of the families of cell-cell signaling compounds and may have some role to play in sponge-bacteria interactions.
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  • 21
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    Early phase process scale-up challenges for fungal and filamentous bacterial cultures (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 119 (3). pp. 241-277.
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    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: Culture pelleting and morphology has a strong influence on process productivity and success for fungal and filamentous bacterial cultures. This impact is particularly evident with early phase secondary metabolite processes with limited process definition. A compilation of factors affecting filamentous or pelleting morphology described in the literature indicates potential leads for developing process-specific control methodologies. An evaluation of the factors mediating citric acid production is one example of an industrially important application of these techniques. For five model fungal and filamentous bacterial processes in an industrial fermentation pilot plant, process development strategies were developed and effectively implemented with the goal of achieving reasonable fermentation titers early in the process development cycle. Examples of approaches included the use of additives to minimize pelleting in inoculum shake flasks, the use of large-volume frozen bagged inoculum obtained from agitated seed fermentors, and variations in production medium composition and fermentor operating conditions. Results were evaluated with respect to productivity of desired secondary metabolites as well as process scalability. On-line measurements were utilized to indirectly evaluate the cultivation impact of changes in medium and process development. Key laboratory to pilot plant scale-up issues also were identified and often addressed in subsequent cultivations.
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  • 22
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    Hydroacoustic experiments to establish a method for the determination of bubble fluxes at cold seeps (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 24 (2). pp. 75-85.
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    Publication Date: 2017-05-24
    Description: Hydroacoustic methods are particularly suitable for investigations of the occurrence, cyclicity and amount of bubbles released at cold seeps without disturbing them. Experiments with a horizontally looking single beam transducer (40 and 300 kHz) directed towards artificially produced bubbles show that the backscattering strength of the bubbles increases with the gas flux rate independently of the bubble radii distribution. It is demonstrated that an acoustic system can be calibrated in such a way that gas flux rates of bubble-size spectra, as observed at natural seeps, can be directly related to the echo level of a known, acoustically insonified volume. No system-specific parameters have to be known except the beam width.
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  • 23
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    PGE distribution in massive sulfides from the PACMANUS hydrothermal field, eastern Manus basin, Papua New Guinea: implications for PGE enrichment in some ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Mineralium Deposita, 39 (7). pp. 784-792.
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-18
    Description: The distribution of platinum group elements (PGE) in Cu- and Zn-rich samples from the Roman Ruins and Satanic Mills vent sites in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field (Papua New Guinea) was studied and compared to that from selected ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. Samples from the Satanic Mills site are enriched in Pd and Rh when compared to samples from Roman Ruins and reach highest values in active and inactive Cu-rich black smoker chimneys and chalcopyrite-cemented dacite breccias (up to 356 ppb Pd and up to 145 ppb Rh). A significant positive correlation was established between Cu and Pd and Rh in samples from both vent sites. Comparisons of chondrite normalized patterns and values of Pd/Pt and Pd/Ir ratios in Cu-rich sulfides and probable source rocks (felsic volcanic rocks/MORB) along with the evidence for a magmatic component in the PACMANUS hydrothermal system indicate that leaching of back-arc volcanic rocks together with addition of magmatic volatiles to the convecting hydrothermal system was the most important factor for PGE enrichment at PACMANUS and likely at some PGE-enriched ancient VMS deposits.
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  • 24
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    Small-scale faulting, topographic steps and seismic risk in the Alhambra (Grenada, SE Spain) (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 19 (3). pp. 219-227.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-24
    Description: The Alhambra (14th century AD) in Granada (southeast Spain) is built at the summit of a Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene conglomeratic formation. Tens of small-scale normal faults crop out along the northern hillslope of the Alhambra, which have a N130–N150°E strike, dipping 65–75° mostly to the southwest. These are closely spaced faults (approximately 5–30 m) with centimetre to several metre displacements. Several topographic steps in this area coincide with hectometre- to kilometre-scale faults with the same kinematics as the small-scale ones. Some of these faults appear to be active and related to the present seismicity detected in this region, and associated with the cracks and other damage observed in the Alhambra. Several focal mechanisms calculated in this study are in accordance with the dominant NW–SE orientated normal faults. We interpret that the topographic steps of these faults are a consequence of repeated earthquakes during the past 800 ka. The last large earthquake of approximately 5.1 magnitude in this area occurred in 1431, destroying the Alixares Palace, the Arabian fence and part of the Alhambra wall. We consider the seismic risk associated with these faults to be moderate, as the displacement is partitioned into several hectometre- to kilometre-scale faults.
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  • 25
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    The use of electron backscatter diffraction and orientation contrast imaging as tools for sulphide textural studies: example from the Greens Creek deposit (Alaska) (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Mineralium Deposita, 39 (1). pp. 103-113.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Description: The Greens Creek polymetallic massive sulphide deposit is hosted in a typical polyphase deformed lower greenschist facies orogenic setting. The structure of the host rocks is well constrained, exhibiting a series of three superimposed ductile deformations followed by two brittle episodes. The ore is found both in fold hinges where early-formed depositional features are preserved and in fold limbs where primary features are typically strongly modified or obliterated. Samples from both settings have been investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) coupled with forescatter orientation contrast (OC) imaging in order to observe the effects of deformation and lower greenschist facies metamorphism on pyrite. Results suggest that colloform pyrite may preserve information relevant to palaeoenvironment, that apparently simple textures are generally more complex, and that pyrite can deform plastically by dislocation glide and creep processes at lower temperatures and/or strain rates than generally accepted. This analysis indicates that EBSD and OC imaging provide powerful tools for observing textural relationships in pyrite that are not shown by more traditional methods. They should become routine tools for pyrite texture analysis.
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  • 26
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    Radiocarbon ages of Holocene Pelado, Guespalapa, and Chichinautzin scoria cones, south of Mexico-City: implications for archaeology and futrue hazards (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 66 . pp. 203-225.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-03
    Description: Pelado, Guespalapa, and Chichinautzin monogenetic scoria cones located within the Sierra del Chichinautzin Volcanic Field (SCVF) at the southern margin of Mexico City were dated by the radiocarbon method at 10,000, 2,800–4,700, and 1,835 years b.p., respectively. Most previous research in this area was concentrated on Xitle scoria cone, whose lavas destroyed and buried the pre-Hispanic town of Cuicuilco around 1,665±35 years b.p. The new dates indicate that the recurrence interval for monogenetic eruptions in the central part of the SCVF and close to the vicinity of Mexico City is 〈2,500 years. If the entire SCVF is considered, the recurrence interval is 〈1,700 years. Based on fieldwork and Landsat imagery interpretation a geologic map was produced, morphometric parameters characterizing the cones and lava flows determined, and the areal extent and volumes of erupted products estimated. The longest lava flow was produced by Guespalapa and reached 24 km from its source; total areas covered by lava flows from each eruption range between 54 (Chichinautzin) and 80 km2 (Pelado); and total erupted volumes range between 1 and 2 km3/cone. An average eruption rate for the entire SCVF was estimated at 0.6 km3/1,000 years. These findings are of importance for archaeological as well as volcanic hazards studies in this heavily populated region.
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  • 27
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    Associational resistance of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) against starfish (Asterias rubens) predation: relative importance of structural and chemical properties of the epibionts. (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Helgoland Marine Research, 58 (3). pp. 162-167.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-28
    Description: Several epibiotic species reduce starfish (Asterias rubens) preference for the blue mussel Mytilus edulis in the Baltic. The aim of this study was to reveal whether this associational resistance was caused by structural or chemical aspects of the different epibionts. To assess structural epibiont effects, an in situ experiment was conducted with unfouled mussels and mussels equipped with artificial epibionts ('dummies') exposed to natural predation by A. rubens. The chemically inert dummies closely matched the structural properties of the locally common epibionts Balanus improvisus (barnacle), Ceramium strictum (red alga), Halichondria panicea (sponge), and Laomedea flexuosa (hydrozoan). Starfish fed indiscriminately in all treatments. Chemical effects of epibionts on the attractiveness of mussels for A. rubens were investigated by incorporating freeze-dried epibionts or mussel tissue into Phytagel pellets at natural concentrations. Starfish were allowed to choose among these structurally similar but chemically different prey items in an in vitro experiment. The predators exhibited significant preferences among the food pellets, which closely matched their preferences for corresponding natural mussel-epibiont associations. Thus, chemical aspects of epibionts appear to play a larger role in this associational resistance than do structural aspects. Implications of these indirect interactions for benthic communities are discussed.
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  • 28
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    Problems and suggestions concerning the notation of cadmium stable isotope composition and the use of reference materials (2004)
    International Association of Geoanalysts | Wiley
    In:  Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 28 (1). pp. 173-178.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-08
    Description: Notations for Cd stable isotope compositions and the use of reference materials are discussed. It is proposed that Cd stable isotope data should be reported as variations of the 114Cd/110Cd ratio/ using either the δ114/110Cd or ε114/110Cd notations. Future publications should report results for BAM-1012 Cd, the only currently available international Cd isotope reference material. It is also recommended that “Münster Cd” and a range of specified geological reference materials are used as additional reference materials. The final choice of a primary “zero-delta” reference standard remains the most important outstanding question.
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  • 29
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    Temporal changes in Holocene δ18O records from the northwest and central North Iceland Shelf (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Quaternary Science, 19 (4). pp. 321-334.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: The region of north Iceland is highly sensitive climatically owing to its location with respect to atmospheric and oceanographic fronts. In this study we present total carbonate and δ18O records of benthic and planktic Foraminifera from nine sediment cores from the North Iceland Shelf. The results of this work indicate that the deglaciation of the Vestfirdir Peninsula was completed by 10 200 cal. yr BP. The 8200 cal. yr BP cold event is present only as a minor isotopic event, and seems not to have had much of a cooling effect on the bottom waters of the northwest Iceland shelf. The Holocene maximum warmth, attributed to a stronger North Icelandic Irminger Current, occurred between ca. 7800 and 6200 cal. yr BP. Over the past 4500 cal. yr BP a general cooling trend has occurred on the North Iceland Shelf, and superimposed on this overall cooling trend are a number of oscillations between periods when relatively warmer and cooler waters occupied the shelf. Relatively cooler waters were present at 4200–4000 cal. yr BP, 3200–2900 cal. yr BP, 2500–2350 cal. yr BP and 600–200 cal. yr BP, whereas relatively warmer waters were present on the shelf at 3750–3450 cal. yr BP, 2800–2600 cal. yr BP and 1700–1000 cal. yr BP.
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  • 30
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    Zooplankton interactions in an enclosure experiment (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Freshwater Biology, 49 . pp. 1495-1504.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: 1. Density gradients of cladocerans and copepods were generated in an enclosure experiment to compare the impact on the plankton of a filter feeder (Daphnia hyalina × galeata) with that of more selective feeders (calanoid and cyclopoid copepods). The experiment was conducted in situ over 25 days during spring in a mesotrophic lake, Schöhsee, Germany. 2. The plankton community was monitored regularly. Daphniids were able to graze on the phytoplankton present, which mainly consisted of small (〈1000 μm3) species, whereas copepods did not show any impact on algae. 3. At the end of the experiment, Daphnia and remaining cyclopoid copepods were harvested and sorted manually, prior to analyses for stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Daphniids from mesocosms stocked purely with differing densities of Daphnia showed little variability in stable isotope values, whereas those that thrived in enclosure bags together with copepods exhibited lower δ13C values. 4. The change in Daphniaδ13C indicates a change of food sources, modified by the presence of the copepods: the higher the mean abundance of copepods in the enclosures, the more 13C-depleted the daphniids. Increasing abundance of high nucleic acid (HNA) bacteria in the copepod bags may account for the trend in Daphniaδ13C via increased grazing on the bacteria themselves, or via grazing on phytoplankton utilising isotopically light CO2 from respiratory release. 5. Cyclopoid copepod stable isotope signatures were related to Daphnia and copepod abundances in copepod bags, suggesting that cyclopoids preyed on the available zooplankton.
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  • 31
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    Seismic images and magnetic signature of the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Africa-Eurasia plate boundary off SW Iberia (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, 158 . pp. 554-568.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-17
    Description: Over the last two decades numerous studies have investigated the structure of the west Iberia continental margin, a non-volcanic margin characterized by a broad continent–ocean transition (COT). However, the nature and structure of the crust of the segment of the margin off SW Iberia is still poorly understood, because of sparse geophysical and geological data coverage. Here we present a 275-km-long multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) profile, line AR01, acquired in E–W direction across the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain, to partially fill the gap of information along the SW Iberia margin. Line AR01 runs across the inferred plate boundary between the Iberian and the African plates during the opening of the Central Atlantic ocean. The boundary separates crust formed during or soon after continental rifting of the SW Iberian margin from normal seafloor spreading oceanic crust of the Central Atlantic ocean. Line AR01 has been processed and pre-stack depth migrated to show the tectonic structure of the crust across the palaeo plate boundary. This boundary is characterized by a 30–40-km-wide zone of large basements highs related to landward-dipping reflections, which penetrate to depths of 13–15 km, and it marks a change in the character of the basement structure and relief from east to west. In this study, we have used pre-stack depth migrated images, the velocity model of line AR01 and magnetic data available in the area to show that the change in basement structure occurs across the fossil plate boundary, separating African oceanic crust of the M series (M21–M16) to the west from the transitional crust of the Iberian margin to the east.
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  • 32
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    Lahar-Triggering Mechanisms and Hazard at Ruapehu Volcano, New Zealand (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Natural Hazards, 31 (1). pp. 85-109.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: Late Holocene volcanic activity at Ruapehu has been characterizedby the generation of small (〈105 m3) to very large (〉107 m3) lahars and repeated,small to medium (VEI 1-3) tephra-producing eruptions. The Onetapu Formation groupsall lahar deposits that accumulated during the last 2,000 years on the southeastern Ruapehu ring plain. The andesitic tephras are grouped within the Tufa Trig Formation and are intercalated within the laharic sequence. By correlating these two formations with new radiocarbon ages obtained on interbedded paleosols, we reconstruct a detailed volcanic history of Ruapehu for this period. Clast assemblages identified in the laharic sequences record thelithologies of synchronous tephras and rocks within the source region. These assemblages suggest a strong genetic link between the development of Crater Lake, the variation in eruptivestyles, and the production of lahars. Lahar-triggering mechanisms include: (1) flank collapse ofhydrothermally altered and unstable portions of the cone; (2) phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions favoring the generation of snow-rich slurries and hyperconcentrated stream flows; (3) suddenCrater Lake rim collapse, releasing large amounts of water inducing debris flows; and (4) eruptions that generate large volumes of tephra on snow-covered slopes, later remobilized by heavy rain. Two major lahars in the Onetapu sequence had a volume≥ 4 × 107 m3, roughly 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than the 1953event leading to the Tangiwai disaster (151 casualties). One of these lahars crossed over a lowinterfluve currently separating the Whangaehu River from a stream feeding the Tongariro River,sometime since peat accumulated between AD 1400 and AD 1660. A repetition of such a large-scaleevent would have devastating consequences on the infrastructure, economy and environment withinthe distal areas of the two catchments. The 1995–1996 eruptions were a timely reminder ofthe hazards posed by the volcano.
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  • 33
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    Crustal structure of the Peruvian continental margin from wide-angle seismic studies (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, 158 (2). pp. 749-764.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-17
    Description: Active seismic investigations along the Pacific margin off Peru were carried out using ocean bottom hydrophones and seismometers. The structure and the P-wave velocities of the obliquely subducting oceanic Nazca Plate and overriding South American Plate from 8°S to 15°S were determined by modelling the wide-angle seismic data combined with the analysis of reflection seismic data. Three detailed cross-sections of the subduction zone of the Peruvian margin and one strike-line across the Lima Basin are presented here. The oceanic crust of the Nazca Plate, with a thin pelagic sediment cover, ranging from 0–200 m, has an average thickness of 6.4 km. At 8°S it thins to 4 km in the area of Trujillo Trough, a graben-like structure. Across the margin, the plate boundary can be traced to 25 km depth. As inferred from the velocity models, a frontal prism exists adjacent to the trench axis and is associated with the steep lower slope. Terrigeneous sediments are proposed to be transported downslope due to gravitational forces and comprise the frontal prism, characterized by low seismic P-wave velocities. The lower slope material accretes against a backstop structure, which is defined by higher seismic P-wave velocities, 3.5–6.0 km s−1. The large variations in surface slope along one transect may reflect basal removal of upper plate material, thus steepening the slope surface. Subduction processes along the Peruvian margin are dominated by tectonic erosion indicated by the large margin taper, the shape and bending of the subducting slab, laterally varying slope angles and the material properties of the overriding continental plate. The erosional mechanisms, frontal and basal erosion, result in the steepening of the slope and consequent slope failure.
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    Convective and absolut instabilites in counterrotating spiral-Poiseuille flow (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 18 (2/4). pp. 97-103.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
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  • 35
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    Copepods act as switch between alternative trophic cascades in marine pelagic food webs (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Ecology Letters, 7 (4). pp. 321-328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: A recent meta-analysis indicates that trophic cascades (indirect effects of predators on plants via herbivores) are weak in marine plankton in striking contrast to freshwater plankton (Shurin et al. 2002, Ecol. Lett., 5, 785–791). Here we show that in a marine plankton community consisting of jellyfish, calanoid copepods and algae, jellyfish predation consistently reduced copepods but produced two distinct, opposite responses of algal biomass. Calanoid copepods act as a switch between alternative trophic cascades along food chains of different length and with counteracting effects on algal biomass. Copepods reduced large algae but simultaneously promoted small algae by feeding on ciliates. The net effect of jellyfish on total algal biomass was positive when large algae were initially abundant in the phytoplankton, negative when small algae were dominant, but zero when experiments were analysed in combination. In contrast to marine systems, major pathways of energy flow in Daphnia-dominated freshwater systems are of similar chain length. Thus, differences in the length of alternative, parallel food chains may explain the apparent discrepancy in trophic cascade strength between freshwater and marine planktonic systems.
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  • 36
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    Hydrothermal precipitates associated with bimodal volcanism in the Central Bransfield Strait, Antarctica (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Mineralium Deposita, 39 (3). pp. 358-379.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-20
    Description: Polymetallic sulfide-sulfate mineralization enriched in Pb-Ag-As-Sb-Hg occurs in the Bransfield Strait, a late Tertiary-Quaternary marginal basin close to the Antarctic Peninsula. The mineralization is associated with bimodal volcanism and pelagic and volcaniclastic sediment in rifted continental crust. Hydrothermal precipitates have been recovered from two shallow (1,050–1,000 m water depth) submarine volcanoes (Hook Ridge and Three Sisters) in the Central Bransfield Strait. Mineralization at Hook Ridge consists of polymetallic sulfides, massive barite, and pyrite and marcasite crusts in semilithified pelagic and volcaniclastic sediment. Native sulfur commonly infills void space and cements the volcaniclastic sediment. The polymetallic sulfides are dominated by sphalerite with minor galena, enargite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and traces of orpiment cemented by barite and opal-A. The presence of enargite at Hook Ridge, the abundance of native sulfur, and the low Fe content of sphalerite indicate a high sulfur activity of the hydrothermal fluids responsible for mineralization. The sulfur isotopic composition of Hook Ridge precipitates documents the complexity of the sulfur sources in this hydrothermal system with variable influence of biological activity and possibly magmatic contributions. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in barite and opal-A suggest that boiling may have affected the hydrothermal fluids during their ascent. The discovery of massive barite-silica precipitates at another shallow marine volcano (Three Sisters volcano) attests to the potential for hydrothermal mineralization at other volcanic edifices in the area. The characteristics of the mineralization in the Bransfield Strait with rifting of continental crust, the presence of bimodal volcanism, including highly evolved felsic volcanic rocks, the association with sediments, and the Pb-Ag-As-Sb-Hg enrichment are similar to the setting of massive sulfide deposits in the Okinawa Trough, and distinct from those of sediment-dominated hydrothermal systems such as Escanaba Trough, Middle Valley, and Guaymas Basin. The geological setting of the Bransfield Strait is also broadly similar to that of some of the largest volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in the ancient record, such as the Iberian Pyrite Belt.
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  • 37
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    The Lyngen Gabbro: the lower crust of an Ordovician Incipient-Arc (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Mineralogy and Petrology, 148 (3). pp. 358-379.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-20
    Description: We present evidence for the origin of the Lyngen Gabbro of the Ordovician Lyngen Magmatic Complex in Troms, Northern Norway. The two magmatic suites of the Lyngen Gabbro strike parallel NNE-SSW, and have distinct magmatic signatures. We define these signatures by using major and trace-element analyses together with selected major- and trace-element mineral analyses and 143Nd/144Nd-isotope whole-rock analyses of gabbroic to tonalitic plutonic rocks from seven detailed cross-sections from this large gabbro-complex. The Western suite of the Lyngen Gabbro precipitated from magma that may have been derived from the same system as the associated volcanic rocks. The gabbros have high An-content (An〉90) of their plagioclases relative to co-existing mafic minerals. Together with somewhat high ɛNd(t) values (+6), this implies that the parental magmas were hydrous tholeiites similar to those found in back arc basins today. The Eastern suite, on the other hand, consist of cumulates that were precipitated from melts resembling those of ultra-depleted high-Ca boninitic magmas found in fore-arcs. Extremely high-An plagioclases (An〉95) co-exist with evolved mafic minerals and oxides, and the ɛNd(t) values are lower (+4) than in the Western suite. The Eastern suite has no volcanic counterpart, but dikes intersecting the suites have compositions that possibly represent its parental magma. The oceanic Rypdalen Shear Zone generally separates the two suites in the north, but several non-tectonic transitions from boninitic to tholeiitic signatures southwards advocate that the magmatism happened concurrently. The magmatic proximity between the suites, the hydrous magmatism and the absence of a silicic or calc-alkaline mature arc section, suggests that the Lyngen Gabbro formed in the Iapetus Ocean under conditions presently found in incipient arcs later emplaced as outer arc highs.
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    Effects of CO2 enrichment on marine phytoplankton (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Journal of Oceanography, 60 . pp. 719-729.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-11
    Description: Rising atmospheric CO2 and deliberate CO2 sequestration in the ocean change seawater carbonate chemistry in a similar way, lowering seawater pH, carbonate ion concentration and carbonate saturation state and increasing dissolved CO2 concentration. These changes affect marine plankton in various ways. On the organismal level, a moderate increase in CO2 facilitates photosynthetic carbon fixation of some phytoplankton groups. It also enhances the release of dissolved carbohydrates, most notably during the decline of nutrient-limited phytoplankton blooms. A decrease in the carbonate saturation state represses biogenic calcification of the predominant marine calcifying organisms, foraminifera and coccolithophorids. On the ecosystem level these responses influence phytoplankton species composition and succession, favouring algal species which predominantly rely on CO2 utilization. Increased phytoplankton exudation promotes particle aggregation and marine snow formation, enhancing the vertical flux of biogenic material. A decrease in calcification may affect the competitive advantage of calcifying organisms, with possible impacts on their distribution and abundance. On the biogeochemical level, biological responses to CO2 enrichment and the related changes in carbonate chemistry can strongly alter the cycling of carbon and other bio-active elements in the ocean. Both decreasing calcification and enhanced carbon overproduction due to release of extracellular carbohydrates have the potential to increase the CO2 storage capacity of the ocean. Although the significance of such biological responses to CO2 enrichment becomes increasingly evident, our ability to make reliable predictions of their future developments and to quantify their potential ecological and biogeochemical impacts is still in its infancy.
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  • 39
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    Breeding teeth in Atlantic salmon: fact or fake? (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Morphology, 260 . pp. 340-341.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-03
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  • 40
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    Patterns of tooth replacement in osteichthyans: variations on a theme (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Morphology, 260 . p. 301.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-03
    Description: Nonmammalian tooth-bearing vertebrates usually replace their teeth throughout life. Much about how a replacement pattern is generated has been learned from zebrafish. However, to understand general mechanisms of tooth replacement, advantage can be taken from studying other, “nonmodel” species. We have mapped the patterns of tooth replacement in widely divergent aquatic osteichthyans using 2D charts, in which one axis is time, the other linear spacing along the tooth row. New teeth that are generated simultaneously are considered part of the same odontogenic wave. Using this approach, it appears that a similar, general pattern underlies very distinctive dentitions in distantly related species. A simple shift in spacing of odontogenic waves, or in distance between subsequent tooth positions along a row (or both), can produce dramatically different dentitions between life stages within a species, or between closely related species. Examples will be presented from salmonids, cyprinids, and cichlids. Our observations suggest that lines linking subsequent positions may have more biological significance than replacement waves (usually linking alternate positions), often used to explain the generation of patterns. The presence of a general pattern raises questions about common control mechanisms. There is now increasing evidence, at least for the zebrafish, to support a role for stem cells in continuous tooth renewal and control of replacement patterns.
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  • 41
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    Geometry of extensional faults developed at slow-spreading centres from seismic reflection data in the Central Atlantic (Canary Basin) (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Journal International, 159 . pp. 591-606.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-17
    Description: We present depth images, from portions of profiles that are close to flow-lines, of Cretaceous oceanic crust in the eastern Central Atlantic. Compared with post-stack time migrations, the images illustrate the improvement resulting from the application of pre-stack depth migration. The images document the scale and geometry of normal faulting in oceanic crust formed over 25 Myr at a half-spreading rate of less than 10 mm yr−1, and the variation in extensional style with position within the spreading segment. Away from major fault zones (FZs), most faults are subplanar, dip more than 35°, are associated with moderate basement relief (0.2–1 km relief) and may penetrate to deep crustal levels. These faults could be related to the lifting of the lithosphere out of the median valley to the flanking mountains. Also observed away from FZs are gently dipping to subhorizontal reflections in the upper crust, which resemble detachment faults. In contrast, the inside corner crust is more rugged, with basement highs rising up to 2 km above the intervening basins. This larger-scale topography is associated with a different style of faulting: the depth images reveal gently dipping (〈35°) faults that are rooted in the deep crust and that project to the ridgeward flank of the dome-shaped large basement highs (1–2 km vertical relief). The faults seem to continue as the ridge-facing flank of these highs and some may extend over the crest of the high to breakaways beyond. In this case, the domal highs that form the exhumed footwall to the faults can be described as oceanic core complexes. These controlling faults are up to 20 km long and have a heave of ∼10 km, sufficient to have accommodated up to 50 per cent extension and to have exhumed deep crustal and perhaps even mantle rocks. We suggest that similar faults can explain the structure and lithologies found at megamullion structures (oceanic core complexes) at inside corners near the present-day spreading ridge.
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  • 42
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    Orbital frequencies in the carbonate sedimentary record: distorted by diagenesis? (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Facies, 50 (1). pp. 3-11.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The most important archive of Earth’s climate change through geologic history is the sedimentary rock record. Rhythmic sedimentary alternations are usually interpreted as a consequence of periodic variations in the orbital parameters of the Earth. This interpretation enables the application of cyclostratigraphy as a very precise chronometer, when based on the assumption that orbital frequencies are faithfully recorded in the sedimentary archive. However, there are numerous uncertainties with the application of this concept. Particularly in carbonates, sediment properties such as mineralogical composition and fossil associations are severely altered during post-depositional alteration (diagenesis). We here point out that the assumption of a 1:1 recording of orbital signals in many cases is questionable for carbonate rhythmites. We use computer simulations to show the effect of diagenetic overprint on records of orbital signals in the carbonate record. Such orbital signals may be distorted in terms of frequency, amplitude, and phase by diagenetic processes, and cycles not present in the insolation record may emerge. This questions the routine use of carbonate rhythmites for chronostratigraphic dating
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  • 43
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    The life cycle of 〈em〉Anisakis simplex〈/em〉 in the Norwegian Deep (northern North Sea) (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Parasitology Research, 94 (1). pp. 1-9.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Copepoda (Calanus finmarchicus n=1,722, Paraeuchaeta norvegica n=1,955), Hyperiidae (n=3,019), Euphausiacea (Meganyctiphanes norvegica n=4,780), and the fishes Maurolicus muelleri (n=500) and Pollachius virens (n=33) were collected in the Norwegian Deep (northern North Sea) during summer 2001 to examine the importance of pelagic invertebrates and vertebrates as hosts of Anisakis simplex and their roles in the transfer of this nematode to its final hosts (Cetaceans). Third stage larvae (L3) of A. simplex were found in P. norvegica, M. muelleri and P. virens. The prevalence of A. simplex in dissected P. norvegica was 0.26%, with an intensity of 1. Prevalences in M. muelleri and P. virens were 49.6% and 100.0%, with mean intensities of 1.1–2.6 (total fish length ≥6.0–7.2) and 193.6, respectively. All specimens of C. finmarchicus and M. norvegica examined were free of anisakid nematode species and no other parasites were detected. P. norvegica, which harboured the third stage larvae, is the obligatory first intermediate host of A. simplex in the investigated area. Though there was no apparent development of larvae in M. muelleri, this fish can be considered as the obligatory second intermediate host of A. simplex in the Norwegian Deep. However, it is unlikely that the larva from P. norvegica can be successfully transmitted into the cetacean or pinniped final hosts, where they reach the adult stage. An additional growth phase and a second intermediate host is the next phase in the life cycle. Larger predators such as P. virens serve as paratenic hosts, accumulating the already infective stage from M. muelleri. The oceanic life cycle of A. simplex in the Norwegian Deep is very different in terms of hosts and proposed life cycle patterns of A. simplex from other regions, involving only a few intermediate hosts. In contrast to earlier suggestions, euphausiids have no importance at all for the successful transmission of A. simplex in the Norwegian Deep. This demonstrates that this nematode is able to select definite host species depending on the locality, apparently having a very low level of host specificity. This could explain the wide range of different hosts that have been recorded for this species, and can be seen as the reason for the success of this parasite in reaching its marine mammal final hosts in an oceanic environment.
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  • 44
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    Maximising Multi-Stakeholder Participation in Government and Community Volcanic Hazard Management Programs; A Case Study from Savo, Solomon Islands (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Natural Hazards, 33 (1). pp. 105-136.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods and philosophies were trialed in a volcanic risk management planning and awareness activity for Savo Island, a historically highly destructive volcano in the Solomon Islands. Through a combination of methods we tried to combine the roles of facilitators and educators, and to involve the input of all stakeholders (from community to national government) in the process of volcanic risk management. The PRA approach was an ideal way to address the fundamental differences in outlook, education, needs, and roles of individuals and groups involved or affected. It was also an important catalyst to Savo island- or community-based planning initiatives, which are arguably the most important step toward the preparedness of the 2500 inhabitants of the island for any future destructive volcanic activity. We adapted almost every tenet of the PRA philosophy through inexperience, self-perceived importance and desire to combine both scientific and traditional views for Savo volcanic risk management planning. Nevertheless, what emerged from our experiences was an idea of how fundamentally well suited many PRA approaches are to initiating dialogue within diverse stakeholder groups, and deriving combined scientific/geologic and local/community risk assessments and mitigation action plans. The main challenge remaining includes increasing the involvement or voice of less powerful community members (women, youth, non-landowners) in risk management decision-making in such male-dominated hierarchical societies.
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  • 45
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    Nonlinear transverse oscillations of a geostrophic front (2004)
    MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica | Springer
    In:  Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 40 (4). pp. 394-401.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: A planar problem of nonlinear transverse oscillations of the surface (warm) front of a finite width is considered within the framework of a reduced-gravity model of the ocean. The source of oscillations is the departure of the front from its geostrophic equilibrium. When the current velocity is linear in the horizontal coordinate and the front's depth is quadratic in this coordinate, the problem is reduced to a system of four ordinary differential equations in time. As a result, the solution is obtained in a weakly nonlinear approximation and strongly nonlinear oscillations of the front are studied by numerically solving this system of equations by the Runge-Kutta method. The front's oscillations are always superinertial. Nonlinearity can lead to a decrease or increase in the oscillation frequency in comparison with the linear case. The oscillations are most intense when the current velocity is disturbed in the direction of the front's axis. A weakly nonlinear solution of the second order describes the oscillations very accurately even for initial velocity disturbances reaching 50% of its geostrophic value. An increase in the background-current shear leads to the damping of oscillations of the front's boundary. The amplitude of oscillations of the current velocity increases as the intensity of disturbances increases, and it is relatively small if background-current shears are small or large.
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  • 46
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    UV effects that come and go: A global comparison of marine benthic community level impacts. (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Global Change Biology, 10 (12). pp. 1962-1972.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-16
    Description: Ambient UV radiation has substantially increased during the last decades, but its impact on marine benthic communities is hardly known. The aim of this study was to globally compare and quantify how shallow hard-bottom communities are affected by UV during early succession. Identical field experiments in 10 different coastal regions of both hemispheres produced a consistent but unexpected pattern: (i) UV radiation affected species diversity and community biomass in a very similar manner, (ii) diversity and biomass were reduced to a larger extent by UVA than UVB radiation, (iii) ambient UV levels did not affect the composition of the communities, and (iv) any UV effects disappeared during species succession after 2–3 months. Thus, current levels of UV radiation seem to have small, predictable, and transient effects on shallow marine hard-bottom communities.
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  • 47
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    Carbonate fluxes and calcareous nannoplankton (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: Coccolithophores. , ed. by Thierstein, H. R. and Young, J. R. Springer, Berlin, pp. 509-528. ISBN 978-3-642-06016-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-06
    Description: Coccolithophores first became significant participants in the carbonate cycle in the Jurassic, but throughout the Jurassic they were largely restricted to shelf and epeiric sea environments. They spread into the open ocean in the Cretaceous, and with this became a major factor in governing the carbonate cycle in the sea. With the development of dissolution-resistant forms, such as Watznaueria barnesae, the coccolithophores perturbed the carbonate system and switched the major site of carbonate deposition from shallow seas to the deep ocean. Several major evolutionary steps in the development of the coccolithophores have forced further changes in the carbon cycle, favoring the deep sea as a site of carbonate deposition. Samples of recent coccolith assemblages from bottom sediments differ from those of living coccolithophores in surface waters. Many of the coccoliths of more delicate species, particularly holococcoliths, are dissolved in the water column or at the sediment surface and are only rarely preserved as fossils. They, along with the pteropods, form an important part of the shallow carbonate cycle. There appears to be a continuous gradation in the level of susceptibility of coccoliths to dissolution, from forms that dissolve in the near-saturated waters of the surface ocean to those that are among the most dissolution-resistant forms of calcite. This continuous dissolution spectrum is in contrast to the planktic foraminifera, in which dissolution of the tests also occurs in a sequence, but through a much more restricted depth range, the lysocline. Whereas the order of dissolution of planktic foraminifera follows their habitat, with warm-water species being most susceptible and cold-water forms most resistant to dissolution, the order of dissolution of coccoliths appears to be related to phylogeny. The steepness of the coccolith carbonate dissolution gradient appears to have changed over time. In the Oligocene almost pure nannofossil carbonate oozes devoid of terrigenous material were widespread, perhaps reflecting unusual climatic conditions on land. The overall effect of coccolithophore evolution has been to move carbonate deposition to the deep sea, where coccolith oozes accumulate on ocean crust and will ultimately be subducted. Only a fraction of the carbon in the subducted carbonate is returned to the surface through volcanic activity. If their activity were to continue for several hundreds of millions of years the coccolithophores would remove much of the carbon from the surface of the Earth to be emplaced in the mantle.
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  • 48
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    Mud volcanoes and gas vents in the Okhotsk Sea area (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 24 (3). pp. 140-149.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-24
    Description: Gas emissions from mud volcanoes on Sakhalin Island and water-column gas flares arising from cold seeps in the Okhotsk Sea appear to be related. They are likely activated by tectonic movements along the transform plate boundary separating the Okhotsk Sea Plate from the Eurasian and Amur plates. Gas vents (flares) and methane anomalies occur in the waters offshore Sakhalin Island, along with NE-SW-trending mounds and fluid escape structures on the seafloor. The intersection of the NE-striking transverse faults on land with the Central Sakhalin and Hokkaido-Sakhalin shear zones apparently determines the sites of mud volcanoes, a pattern that continues offshore where the intersection with the East Sakhalin and West Derugin shear zones determines the sites of the submarine gas vents.
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  • 49
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    Phytoplankton diversity of shallow tidal lakes: influence of periodic salinity changes on diversity and species number of a natural assemblage (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Phycology, 40 . pp. 54-61.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: The influence of periodic salinity changes was investigated for 42 days under semicontinuous culture conditions with phosphorus limitation using phytoplankton assemblages from Lake Waihola, a tidally influenced shallow lake. To simulate tidal effects on the phytoplankton community, salinity in the cultures was increased in pulses at different intervals (3.5, 7, and 14 days), and these cultures were compared with those that experienced constant freshwater conditions. Salinity pulses significantly affected competition and succession with a major loss in diversity during the first days of the experiment due to the initial pulse that caused a transition from freshwater to brackish conditions in the cultures. After this initial phase, diversity index (H') and species number (Scorr) decreased less rapidly. The loss in H' and Scorr over time was highest under constant freshwater conditions and lowest in the treatment with an interval of 3.5 days between salinity pulses. At the end of the experiment, the combination of initial loss in H' and Scorr and the time course of H' and Scorr resulted in a U‐shaped relation between the interval length of salinity pulses and both H' and Scorrtemp1.txttemp1.txt. Our results indicate that salinity pulses at intervals of a few days tend to promote phytoplankton diversity. If saline intrusions in coastal freshwater systems occur only at spring tides, this will lead to decreases in diversity and species richness.
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  • 50
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    Relations between methane venting, geological structure and seismo-tectonics in the Okhotsk Sea (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Geo-Marine Letters, 24 (3). pp. 135-139.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Methane investigations carried out in the Okhotsk Sea show that the methane flux from the earth’s interior into the water column increased during periods of seismo-tectonic activity between 1988 and 2002. In this case, methane gas hydrates found on the northeast Sakhalin slope may have decomposed due to a reactivation of fault zones. Methane emissions in the Okhotsk Sea generally can be divided into two forms. Firstly, methane vents from decomposing gas hydrates and/or free gas exist below gas hydrate saturated sediments via fault zones, venting into the water column with high bubble concentrations that were recorded by echosounding. These hydro-acoustic anomalies were named “flares”. Methane concentration inside these flares reached 10,000–20,000 nl/l (background methane concentrations in the Okhotsk Sea are less than 90–100 nl/l). Secondly, methane migrates as seepage into the water column from oil- and gas-bearing sedimentary source rocks on the eastern Sakhalin shelf, without showing acoustic anomalies in the water column, probably by filtration and diffusion processes. In these areas methane concentration reached 500–3,000 nl/l. In seismo-tectonically active regions, like the northwestern part of the Okhotsk Sea, many new flares were observed. Their distribution and orientation are usually controlled by fault zones (East Sakhalin Shear Zone in the Okhotsk Sea).
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  • 51
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    Particulate matter ingestion and associated nitrogen uptake by four species of scleractinian corals (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Coral Reefs, 23 . pp. 311-323.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Description: The ingestion of two size classes of natural particulate matter (PM) and the uptake of the associated nitrogen by four species of scleractinian corals was measured using the stable isotopic tracer 15N. PM collected in sediment traps was split into 〈63 and 〉105 µm size fractions and labeled with (15N-NH4)2SO4. Siderastrea radians, Montastrea franksi, Diploria strigosa, and Madracis mirabilis were incubated in flow chambers with the labeled PM in suspension (〈63 µm), or deposited onto coral surfaces (〉105 µm). Ingestion was detected for all four species (98–600 µg Dry wt. cm–2 h–1), but only for D. strigosa was any difference detected between suspended and deposited PM. Only the three mounding species, S. radians, M. franksi, and D. strigosa showed uptake of suspended and deposited particulate nitrogen (PN); whereas, the branched coral M. mirabilis had no measurable PN uptake. Only coral host tissues were enriched with 15N, with no tracer detected in the symbiotic zooxanthellae. Uptake rates ranged from as low as 0.80 µg PN cm–2 h–1 in S. radians to as high as 13 µg PN cm–2 h–1 in M. franksi. M. franksi had significantly higher uptake rates than S. radians (ANOVA, p〈0.05), while D. strigosa had a statistically similar uptake rate compared to both species. These results are the first to compare scleractinian ingestion of nitrogen associated with suspended and deposited particulate matter, and demonstrate that the use of PM as a nitrogen source varies with species and colony morphology.
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  • 52
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    Monitoring defensive responses in macroalgae – limitations and perspectives (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Phytochemistry Reviews, 3 (3). pp. 371-379.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-11
    Description: As part of an ongoing research program aiming at monitoring molecular changes in the tissues and metabolite trafficking in the hydrosphere of algae subjected to chemical stresses, we are discussing the various analytical techniques that have been employed to characterize, and sometimes to quantity these metabolites. High-field multinuclear and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies are powerful tools for metabolite characterization from extracts and in vivo, but quantification and kinetic aspects show some limitations. Modern MS (mass spectrometry) is extremely useful for fingerprinting samples against databases and when dealing with very low concentrations of metabolites, the limitations being set by the type of chromatographic separation and mode of detection coupled with the mass spectrometer. Regarding chemical communication, optimization in terms of resolution and efficiency of hydrosphere chemical analysis can theoretically be achieved in a system which integrates (i) a multiparametric incubation chamber, (ii) a gasphase or a liquid-phase separation system and (iii) mass spectrometer(s) equipped with one or two detectors responding to the analytical and quantitative needs. This text reviews some of the techniques that have been employed in various types of plant metabolic studies, which may serve as a basis towards an integrative analytical strategy directly applicable to the metabolomics of selected marine macrophytes.
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  • 53
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    Two new triterpene and a new nortriterpene glycosides from Phlomis viscosa (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Helvetica Chimica Acta, 87 (3). pp. 611-619.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-29
    Description: The isolation and structure elucidation of two new oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, 29-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (=(2α,3β,4α,29α)-29-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid; 1) and its C(20)-epimer, 30-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2α,3β,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (=(2α,3β,4α,29β)-29-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid; 2), and a novel nortriterpene glycoside, (17S)-2α,18β,23-trihydroxy-3,19-dioxo-19(18[RIGHTWARDS ARROW]17)- abeo-28-norolean-12-en-25-oic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (=(1R,2S,4aS,4bR,6aR,7R,9R,10aS,10bS)-3,4,4a,4b,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11-tetradecahydro-1-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3′,4′,4a,4b,7-pentamethyl-2′,8- dioxospiro[chrysene-2(1H),1′-cyclopentane]-10a-carboxylic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester; 3) from Phlomis viscosa (Lamiaceae) are reported. The structures of the compounds were asigned by means of spectroscopic (IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and LC-ESI-MS) and chemical (acetylation) methods.
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  • 54
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    Corals as Climate Archive (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Climate in Historical Times. , ed. by Fischer, H. Springer, Berlin, pp. 91-108. ISBN 978-3-662-10313-5
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-29
    Description: Instrumental climate records are too short to resolve the full range of decadal- to multidecadal-scale natural climate variability. Massive annually banded corals from the tropical and subtropical oceans provide a paleoclimatic archive with a clear seasonal resolution, documenting past variations in water temperature, hydrologic balance, and ocean circulation. Recent coral-based paleoclimatic research has focused mainly on the tropics, providing important implications on the past variability of the El Niño—Southern Oscillation phenomenon and decadal tropical climate variability. New records from some of the rare subtropical/mid-latitude locations of coral growth were shown to reflect aspects of dominant modes of Northern Hemisphere climate variability, e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation. These natural climatic modes have important socio-economic impacts owing to their large-scale modulation of droughts, floods, storms, snowfall, and fish stocks. Coral records from key locations provide the opportunity to assess recent shifts of these modes with respect to the natural climate variability of the pre-instrumental period. Providing a better understanding of their dynamics, coral records, together with records derived from other paleoclimatic archives, are essential for a better predictability of future climate.
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  • 55
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    The Dynamics of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle and its Influence on Atmospheric CO2 Variations (2004)
    Springer
    In:  In: The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate. , ed. by Follows, M. and Oguz, T. NATO Science Series, Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 40 . Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 97-148. ISBN 978-1-4020-2087-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-03
    Description: The bioavailability of nutrients represents one of the most important factors controlling the strength of the biological carbon pump and ultimately the impact of ocean biology on atmospheric CO2. Among those nutrients, the macro-nutrients nitrate (NO 2 - ) and phosphate (PO 4 -3 ) play a particularly important role in limiting biological productivity as evidenced by their often near complete exhaustion in surface waters. As near surface NO 2 - concentrations are generally somewhat lower than those of PO 4 -3 relative to the demand by phytoplankton, biological oceanographers have argued historically that NO 2 - rather than PO 4 -3 is the primary macro-nutrient controlling phytoplankton productivity[Smith, 1984; Codispoti, 1989; Tyrrell, 1999] . Geologists, in contrast, regarded PO 4 -3 as the primary controlling macronutrient[Codispoti, 1989]. They argued that while NO 2 - may indeed be the limiting factor at any given location and time, PO 4 -3 is truly the limiting factor on geological time-scales, because the biologically mediated fixation of the much more abundant dinitrogen gas (N2) into organic nitrogen is alleviating the scarcity of bioavailable nitrogen (Figure 1). Phosphate on the other hand, does not have such a biologically mediated source (Figure 1). It is therefore the geologically controlled balance between the riverine (and atmospheric) input of PO 4 -3 and its burial on the sea-floor that ultimately controls marine biological productivity. Tyrrell [ 1999] provided a synthesis of these two views by identifying NO 2 - as the proximate nutrient, while giving PO 4 -3 the role of being the ultimate nutrient.
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  • 56
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    The influence of seasonal environmental changes on ontogenetic migrations of the squid Loligo gahi on the Falkland shelf (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Fisheries Oceanography, 13 (1). pp. 1-9.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The Patagonian longfin squid Loligo gahi undertakes horizontal ontogenetic migrations on the Falkland shelf: juveniles move from spawning grounds located in shallow, inshore waters (20–50 m depths) to feeding grounds near the shelf edge (200–350 m depths). Immature squid feed and grow in these offshore feeding grounds and, upon maturation, migrate back to inshore waters to spawn. The possible influence of environmental factors on L. gahi migrations was investigated using data from oceanographic transects, crossing the region of known L. gahi occurrence. They were made from the inshore waters of East Falkland eastwards to depths of 1250 m on a monthly basis from 1999 to 2001. Four main water types were found in the region: Shelf, Sub-Antarctic Superficial and Antarctic Intermediate water masses, and Transient Zone waters. The inshore spawning grounds occur in the Shelf Water mass, whereas the feeding squid (medium-sized immature and maturing individuals) were associated with the Transient Zone. The 5.5°C isotherm appeared to mark the limit of squid distribution into deeper waters in all seasons. Seasonal changes in water mass characteristics and location were found to be important for seasonal changes in L. gahi migrations on the Falkland shelf.
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  • 57
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    Effect of sexual maturation on the tissue biochemical composition of Octopus vulgaris and O. defilippi (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 145 (3).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-24
    Description: Changes in the protein, lipid, glycogen, cholesterol and energy contents, total amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Octopus vulgaris and O. defilippi tissues (gonad, digestive gland and muscle) during sexual maturation (spermatogenesis and oogenesis) were investigated. Both species showed an increase of amino acids and protein content in the gonad throughout sexual maturation (namely in oogenesis), but allocation of these nitrogen compounds from the digestive gland and muscle was not evident. The major essential amino acids in the three tissues were leucine, lysine and arginine. The major non-essential amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine. With respect to carbon compounds, a significant increasing trend (P〈0.05) in the lipid and fatty acid contents in the three tissues was observed, and, consequently, there was also little evidence of accumulated lipid storage reserves being used for egg production. It seems that for egg production both Octopus species use energy directly from food, rather than from stored products. This direct acquisition model contrasts with the previous model for Octopus vulgaris proposed by O’Dor and Wells (1978: J Exp Biol 77:15–31). Most of saturated fatty acid content of the three tissues was presented as 16:0 and 18:0, monounsaturated fatty acid content as 18:1 and 20:1 and polyunsaturated fatty acid content as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3). Though cholesterol is an important precursor of steroid hormones, this sterol content exhibited variations that do not seem to be related with the maturation process. Moreover, significant differences (P〈0.05) were obtained between genders, suggesting that perhaps there is a greater physiological demand for cholesterol during spermatogenesis than oogenesis. If the component sterols of octopus are of a dietary origin, considerable variation in the cholesterol content between species might be expected on the basis of the sterol composition of their prey. The glycogen reserves increased significantly in the gonad and decreased significantly (P〈0.05) in the digestive gland and muscle of O. vulgaris (these trends were not evident in O. defilippi). Glycogen may play an important role in the maturation process and embryogenesis of these organisms, because carbohydrates are precursors of metabolic intermediates in the production of energy. It was evident that sexual maturation had a significant effect upon the gonad energy content, but the non-significant energy variation (P〉0.05) in the digestive gland and muscle revealed no evidence that storage reserves are transferred from tissue to tissue. The biochemical composition of digestive gland and muscle may not be influenced by sexual maturation, but rather by other biotic factors, such as feeding activity, food availability, spawning and brooding.
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  • 58
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    Spatial and temporal variation in the diet of the gentoo penguin ( Pygoscelis papua ) at Kerguelen Islands (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 27 (4). pp. 206-216.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-06
    Description: Benthic divers are dependent on local resources and may therefore adopt different foraging strategies to cope with their energetic requirements in varying situations. We investigated the diet of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at Kerguelen Islands, comparing its spatial and temporal variations with the general prey distribution. The study was conducted at four sites over 2 years. In total, 212 stomach contents were collected over the entire breeding season. The diet was composed mainly of neritic fish and crustaceans, with important spatial and seasonal variations. Fish dominated the diet at localities facing the open sea (from 38.0% to 94.6% by mass), whereas crustaceans dominated at the more protected site (84.3% by mass). Fish were more abundant in the winter diet and Euphausia vallentini, the major crustacean species, was more abundant in the summer diet. No inter-year variations were detected. These results are consistent with local prey availability, and highlight the large plasticity of the gentoo penguin diet and foraging behaviour.
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  • 59
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    A comparative study of the cephalopod prey of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) near Macquarie Island (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 27 (10). pp. 604-612.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-07
    Description: Within the Southern Ocean, Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Linnaeus) forage mainly on fish and cephalopods. From what is known of their diets, the proportion of fish is greatest in toothfish diet. When foraging at-sea for squid, elephant seals and toothfish most often co-occur over continental shelves and submarine plateaux surrounding sub-Antarctic land masses within the Southern Ocean. I used traditional (non-molecular) techniques to compare the squid diet of these two predators. Of the 21 squid species identified, 10 were common to the diets of both predators. One species, Gonatus antarcticus, dominated (61%) the biomass of squid consumed by toothfish, but was of little importance to the elephant seals (2.3%). By contrast, Martialia hyadesi was the most important single species to the elephant seals’ diet (29%), but it contributed 1% to the toothfish diet. Onychoteuthids (Kondakovia longimana, Moroteuthis ingens and Morotenthis knipovitchi) were important to both predators’ diets. The median sizes of five cephalopod species (Slosarczykovia circumantarctica, Galiteuthis glacialis, Gonatus antarcticus, Moroteuthis ingens and Moroteuthis knipovitchi) which were common to both the seal and toothfish diets, were significantly larger in the toothfish stomachs than in the elephant-seal stomachs. Percent similarity indices for the squids that overlapped both diets were in some cases as high as 100%. However, after between-species differences in prey size consumption were accounted for, the similarities fell to between 20 and 50%. These results indicate that the strength of the trophic interaction between the seals and the fish might be weaker than previously thought. The consumption of significantly different-sized squid can also be used to suggest spatial (vertical) foraging separation of these two predators because there is evidence for ontogenetic change in the size of squid species with depth; older, and thus larger, squids live deeper than smaller individuals of the same species.
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    Reproductive system of the giant squid Architeuthis in South African waters (2004)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 264 (2). pp. 153-169.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-07
    Description: The reproductive system is described from 15 giant squid Architeuthis sp., collected between 1972 and 2002 in South African waters. Distinctive features of the male reproductive system are the long muscular terminal organ, with elaboration of the anterior end, and modification of the tips of the ventral arms, probably hectocotilization. The spermatophoric organ has a long finishing gland that extends from the base of the gill. The terminal organ is differentiated internally into three distinct parts, involved in the guidance, storage, protection, expulsion and possibly the coating of spermatophores. Length of spermatophores in the terminal organ varied considerably. Several stages of spermatophores were found, from tentative to false to fully formed spermatophores, within a single animal. Distinctive features of the female reproductive system are a mesentery surrounding the main blood vessels of the ovary and attaching the ovary to the dorsal gladius chamber, multiple branching (at least three times) of the genital aorta that supplies the developing oocytes, high potential fecundity (3.5–6.2 ± 106 oocytes), small eggs and short oviducts that suggest intermittent (extended) spawning. Large concentrations and single spermatangia were found in various places in females, indicating non-specific deposition. The transfer of spermatophores is probably rapid, perhaps because of considerable sexual size dimorphism (at maturity, males are much smaller than females). Implants in males are probably self-induced since the majority were found within reach of the terminal organ opening (primarily on the ventral arms in males).
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    Egg-capsule deposition and how behavioral interactions influence spawning rate in the squid Loligo opalescens in Monterey Bay, California (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 145 (5). pp. 923-930.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-13
    Description: Recent evidence suggests that, contrary to what was believed previously, most Loligo spp. females spawn multiple times and do not die immediately following a single spawning event. The present study used sustained focal observations of male/female pairs of the opalescent inshore squid Loligo opalescens Berry to examine the structure and behavior of near-bottom spawning groups. The study was carried out in a small area (10 km2) of Monterey Bay, California (36°36.1′N; 121°53.4′W), at depths of 25–45 m, using video cameras mounted on remotely operated vehicles. Behavioral observations were made primarily during daylight hours over known spawning beds in April and November 2000, and August 2001. Squid formed large aggregations in the water column where pairing occurred. Most commonly, only small numbers of active spawners were found at the substrate depositing egg capsules, and the mean operational sex ratio in the spawning groups was 1.87 males:1 female (range=1.0–8.5), although the ratio fluctuated rapidly as roving lone males joined and departed from the small spawning groups. On average, females (n=40) deposited 2.67 capsules (range 2–7) per focal observation at an average interval of 8.47 min between depositions (n=67). Following deposition of the capsules, females broke away from their consort males and jetted upwards to rejoin large schools located many meters above the substrate. Egg-capsule deposition was often interrupted by lone males seeking a mate, or by the approach of predators including fish and marine mammals. The results suggest that most of the communal egg beds in southern Monterey Bay are built up slowly through daily intermittent spawning, not in large “big bang” reproductive events as often depicted for L. opalescens.
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    Feeding ecology of Antarctic fur seals at Cape Shirreff, South Shetlands, Antarctica (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Polar Biology, 27 (2). pp. 92-98.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-31
    Description: This study examined the diet of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, from an active breeding colony at Cape Shirreff (62°28′S, 60°48′W), Livingston Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica. It analysed faecal samples from five consecutive years (1997–2001) and length distribution of krill taken by trawl nets in the vicinity of Livingston Island. Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, was the most frequent prey item, followed by several myctophid species (Gymnoscopelus nicholsi, Electrona antarctica and Electrona carlsbergi), squid and penguin remains. From 1998 to 2001, a modal progression in krill size was evident, suggesting that A. gazella was depending on a strong krill cohort, at least over the study period. Analysis of size distribution and size selectivity of krill preyed upon by fur seals suggests a preference for larger krill (〉34 mm), despite the broader size range of preys items available.
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    Habitat and age of the giant squid ( Architeuthis sanctipauli ) inferred from isotopic analyses (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 144 (4). pp. 685-691.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-03
    Description: The age and habitat of the giant squid, Architeuthis sanctipauli Velain, 1877, were determined based on isotopic analyses of the statoliths of three female specimens captured off Tasmania, Australia, between January and March 1996. Assuming that the aragonite of the statoliths formed in equilibrium with seawater, δ18O analyses indicated that the squid lived at temperatures of 10.5–12.9°C, corresponding to average depths of 125–250 m and maximum depths of 500 m. The capture records indicated that these squid may have occasionally ranged still deeper, to as much as 1000 m. All the statoliths were labeled with bomb 14C (Δ14C=+22.9‰ to +44.6‰), consistent with the depths inferred from δ18O. A thin section through one of the statoliths revealed 351 growth increments grouped into check-ring structures every 10–16 increments. A model for statolith growth and the pattern of temporal change in Δ14C in the water column was used to estimate the ages of the three specimens. These estimates were very sensitive to the choice of depth range over which Δ14C values were integrated. Assuming that the capture depths represented the maximum habitat depths of these individuals, the calculations suggested an age of 14 years or less. More refined age estimates require a better understanding of the variation of Δ14C and temperature with depth in the areas in which the squids live.
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  • 64
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    Size selectivity of a trammel net for oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Fisheries science, 70 (6). pp. 945-951.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-23
    Description: The size selectivity of a trammel net for herded oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana in Tateyama Bay, Chiba Prefecture, was estimated by comparison between the mantle length frequency distributions of oval squid caught by a trammel net and by a set net. The measured mesh sizes of the inner net of the trammel net and of the final section of the set net were 85.3 and 11.3 mm, respectively. In the trammel net fishery where oval squid are herded into the net, most of the oval squid are caught in the bag-shaped inner net. Hence, the logistic function was employed for the size selectivity curve of the trammel net. The ‘share each length's catch total’ (SELECT) model was implemented for the estimation of the selectivity curve. The size selectivity r(l) of the trammel net for the oval squid was expressed as a logistic function of the mantle length l: r(l)=exp (-18.57+0.88 l)/[1+exp (-18.57+0.88 l)]. From these logistic parameter estimates, the 50% selection mantle length and selection range (L75-L25) were calculated as 21.07 and 2.49 cm, respectively. The selection probability of oval squid whose mantle girth was equivalent to the mesh perimeter of the inner net was 0.09. Accordingly, oval squid of a girth smaller than the mesh perimeter were likely to pass through the mesh to escape from the net.
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    Taylor-Couette flow with independently rotating end plates (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 18 (2-4). pp. 129-136.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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    Differential impacts of copepods and cladocerans on lake seston, and resulting effects on zooplankton growth (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 526 . pp. 197-207.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-02
    Description: In an enclosure study in Schöhsee, a small mesotrophic lake in Northern Germany, the impact of copepods and daphniids on the seston community was studied. In general, these two guilds differ in their feeding behaviour. Copepods actively select their food, with a preference for larger particles, whereas most cladocerans are unselective filter-feeders. In this study we investigate how the impact of the two different grazers affects zooplankton growth. We combine results obtained in the laboratory with results measured in situ in the enclosures. Copepods and cladocerans were cultured on seston from enclosures that were inhabited by density gradients of copepods or daphniids. We observed that Daphnia grew faster on seston that was pre-handled by copepods than on seston that was pre-handled by daphniids, and that somatic growth decreased with increasing densities of daphniids in the enclosures. In contrast, we observed no differences in development rates for copepods grown on the different media. The population growth rates of Daphnia in the Daphnia treatments were determined in the enclosures. Growth differences in both somatic- and population growth of Daphnia were correlated to food quality aspects of the seston. In the laboratory we found that Daphnia growth was correlated with several fatty acids. The strongest regression was with the concentration of 20:4ω3 (r2= 0.37). This particular fatty acid also showed the highest correlation with growth after normalisation of the fatty acids to the carbon content of the enclosures (r2= 0.33). On the other hand, in the enclosure the population growth correlated most to the particulate nitrogen content (r2= 0.78) and only to the N:C ratio, when normalised to carbon (r2= 0.51).
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    Proposal for International Agreement on Ca Notation resulting from discussion at workshops on stable isotope measurement held in Davos (Goldschmidt 2002) and Nice (EGS-AGU-EUG 2003) (2004)
    International Association of Geoanalysts | Wiley
    In:  Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 28 (1). pp. 149-151.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-08
    Description: A proposal is made to standardise the reporting of Ca isotope data to the δ44Ca/40Ca notation (or δ44Ca/42Ca) and to adopt NIST SRM 915a as the reference standard.
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    Participatory methods of incorporating scientific with traditional knowledge for volcanic hazard management on Ambae Island, Vanuatu (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Bulletin of Volcanology, 66 (7). pp. 652-668.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-30
    Description: Ambae Island is the largest of Vanuatu’s active volcanoes. It is also one of the nation’s potentially most dangerous, with 60 million m3 of lake-water perched at over 1340 m in the summit caldera and over the active vent. In 1995, small phreatic explosions, earthquake swarms and heightened gas release led to calls for evacuation preparation and community volcanic hazard awareness programs for the ~9500 inhabitants. Differences in perspective or world-view between the island dwellers adhering to traditional beliefs (Kastom) and external scientists and emergency managers led to a climate of distrust following this crisis. In an attempt to address these issues, rebuild dialogue and respect between communities, outside scientists and administrators, and move forward in volcanic hazard education and planning for Ambae, we adapted and applied Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approaches. Initial gender-segregated PRA exercises from two representative communities provided a mechanism for cataloguing local traditional viewpoints and hazard perceptions. Ultimately, by combining elements of these viewpoints and perceptions with science-based management structures, we derived volcanic hazard management guidelines, supported by an alert system and map that were more readily accepted by the test communities than the earlier “top-down” plans imposed by outside governmental and scientific agencies. The strength of PRA approaches is that they permit scientists to understand important local perspective issues, including visualisations of volcanic hazards, weaknesses in internal and external communication systems, and gender and hierarchy conflicts, all of which can hinder community emergency management. The approach we describe has much to offer both developing and industrialised communities that wish to improve their awareness programs and mitigative planning. This approach should also enhance communication and understanding between volcanologists and the communities they serve.
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    Associations of cyanobacterial toxin, nodularin, with environmental factors and zooplankton in the Baltic Sea (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Microbial Ecology, 47 (4). pp. 350-358.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-22
    Description: Concentrations of a cyanobacterial toxin, nodularin, were measured in the Baltic Sea in 1998 and 1999. Statistical associations of nodularin concentrations with environmental factors were tested by multiple regression analysis. To reveal the toxin-producing organism, colonies of Aphanizomenon and filaments of Nodularia were picked and analyzed for peptide toxins. It was also investigated whether there was an association with zooplankton and Nodularia. All the measured seston samples contained nodularin, but other toxins were not detected by the HPLC analysis. In both years, the highest nodularin concentrations were found at the surface water layer. The nodularin concentrations were positively correlated with silicate concentrations in water. High concentrations of silica in surface water may indicate recent upwelling, which in turn renders surface water rich in nutrients. This upwelling is likely to intensify cyanobacterial growth and toxin production, which may explain this rather unexpected result. The picked Aphanizomenon colonies did not contain nodularin and the dissolved nodularin concentrations were below detection limit. Thus it was concluded that most of the nodularin was bound to Nodularia cells. The abundances of zooplankton (copepods, rotifers, and cladocerans) were unrelated to Nodularia, but were positively associated with Aphanizomenon.
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  • 70
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    To the bottom of the heart: Cloacal movement as an index of cardiac frequency, respiration and digestive evacuation in penguins (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 144 . pp. 813-827.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: A system is presented which uses a Hall sensor and an adjacent magnet, attached close to the cloaca of penguins, to record defecation, respiration and heart rates for both free-living birds and those in captivity. The output of the Hall sensor depends on a magnetic field, the strength of which is influenced in the presented scenario by the proximity of the magnet, which varies with movement of the cloaca. The elasticity of the cloaca results in minute, but perceptible, movements associated with the heart, respiration and defecation, although placement of the magnet and sensor is critical, and not all parameters can be measured all of the time. The system, incorporating a logger that can record at frequencies of 50 Hz, was tested on 17 captive and 4 freeliving Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus, in Argentina. It showed increased defecation rate associated with feeding, the expected trends in bradycardia and tachycardia associated with diving, and appeared to record some movement of air sacs associated with breathing. The concept of measuring minute changes in relative exterior body positions as a cue to internal processes may be important in future studies for both free-living and captive animals, particularly since it is non-invasive and relatively easy to deploy.
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    Internal-wave induced and double-diffusive nutrient fluxes to the nutrient-consuming surface layer in the oligotrophic subtropical North Atlantic (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Ocean Dynamics, 54 . pp. 1-7.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-06
    Description: In the literature, an inconsistency exists between estimates of biotically-effected carbon export inferred from large-scale geochemical studies (Jenkins 1982; 47 gC m−2 a−1) and local measurements of turbulent nutrient supply (Lewis et al. 1986; 4 gC m−2 a−1) in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic. Nutrient supply to the upper ocean by turbulent mixing is reexamined using local standard oceanographic measurements and high-resolution vertical profiles of nutrients averaged over a large region directly comparable to that investigated by Jenkins (1982).
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    Are taxonomy details of relevance to ecologists? An example from microcopepods of the Red Sea (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 144 . pp. 1127-1140.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-07
    Description: The marine microcopepod family Oncaeidae in the Red Sea has been the subject of comprehensive ecological studies over the past 15 years, providing for the first time insights into their community structure, vertical distribution and feeding ecology. Owing to taxonomic problems in species identification, however, many of the earlier ecological results were based on provisionally named species or morphotypes. A recent, ongoing taxonomic study of Red Sea Oncaeidae resulted in a considerable increase in the estimated numbers of species, since many of the species had not been described before. The present paper focuses on the potential significance of an improved taxonomic resolution of oncaeids with respect to various ecological aspects in this area, such as indicator species, community analysis and vertical distribution. The progress in our knowledge of the diversity of Red Sea Oncaeidae is summarized, including latest findings on the taxonomy and zoogeography of very small species (〈0.5 mm), and the importance of sibling species in the family is pointed out. The south–north gradient in species diversity of Oncaeidae within the Red Sea appears to be greater than previously assumed, since several of the newly described species were restricted to the southern part. The number of endemic species among Red Sea oncaeids is very low, however, most of the new species being also recorded outside the Red Sea. New quantitative data on the abundance and vertical distribution of selected oncaeid siblings obtained during a recent cruise in the northern Red Sea are provided to exemplify the changes in the knowledge of oncaeid community structure attributable to the improved taxonomic resolution. The potential ecological importance of a more differentiated consideration of oncaeid species in marine microcopepod communities is discussed
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    Surface temperature control in the North and tropical Pacific during the last glacial maximum (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-01
    Description: Based on coupled modelling evidence we argue that topographically-induced modifications of the large-scale atmospheric circulation during the last glacial maximum may have led to a reduction of the westerlies, and a slowdown of the Pacific subtropical gyre as well as to an intensification of the Pacific subtropical cell. These oceanic circulation changes generate an eastern North Pacific warming, an associated cooling in the Kuroshio area, as well as a cooling of the tropical oceans, respectively. The tropical cooling pattern resembles a permanent La Niña state which in turn forces atmospheric teleconnection patterns that lead to an enhancement of the subtropical warming by reduced latent and sensible cooling of the ocean. In addition, the radiative cooling due to atmospheric CO2 and water vapor reductions imposes a cooling tendency in the tropics and subtropics, thereby intensifying the permanent La Niña conditions. The remote North Pacific response results in a warming tendency of the eastern North Pacific which may level off the effect of the local radiative cooling. Hence, a delicate balance between oceanic circulation changes, remotely induced atmospheric flux anomalies as well local radiative cooling is established which controls the tropical and North Pacific temperature anomalies during the last glacial maximum. Furthermore, we discuss how the aftermath of a Heinrich event may have affected glacial temperatures in the Pacific Ocean.
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  • 74
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    Responses of hydrological processes to environmental change at small catchment scales (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Vegetation, water, humans and the climate | Global Change - The IGBP Series
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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    Case Study 2: Integrated ecohydrological analysis of a temperate developed region: The Elbe river basin in central europe (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Vegetation, water, humans and the climate | Global Change - The IGBP series
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 76
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    Integrated ecohydrological modelling considering nutrient dynamics in river catchments (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Vegetation, water, humans and the climate | Global Change - The IGBP series
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 77
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    Thermohaline Circulation: Past Changes and Future Surprises (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Global Change and the Earth System: A planet under pressure
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
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  • 78
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    Welt im Wandel: Armutsbekämpfung durch Umweltpolitik (2004)
    Springer
    In:  Welt im Wandel: Armutsbekämpfung durch Umweltpolitik
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 79
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    Sponge/Algal Symbioses : a Diversity of Associations (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
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  • 80
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    Numerical and Analytical Methods for Scientists and Engineers Using Mathematica (2003)
    Wiley
    In:  Hoboken, NJ, 633 pp., Wiley, vol. 16B, no. 2, pp. 125-169, (ISBN 0-471-26610-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of mathematics ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Modelling ; software ; manual ; computer ; algebra ; symbolic ; mathematics
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  • 81
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    Early warning success for the 1976 Tangshan earthquake: a best practise integrating public administration an science (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 16, pp. 479-480, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake ; China ; Project report/description ; Seismology ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 82
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    Remote sensing of subglacial eruptions in Iceland and the development of related warning systems (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 45, no. Subvol. a, pp. 515-520, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Volcanology ; Kueppers ; Kuppers ; Muenzer ; Munzer
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  • 83
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    Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN: 0-444-51340-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Handbook of geophysics ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; outreach ; politics ; communication ; management ; response ; rain ; storms ; floods ; droughts ; El ; Nino ; earthquakes ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Japan ; Mexico ; Istanbul ; Turkey ; Taiwan ; Bucharest ; Romania ; China ; Armenia ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Global Positioning System ; Volcanology ; Tsunami(s) ; landslides ; avalanches ; fires ; technology ; environment ; Rapid damage assessment ; Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; remote ; sensing ; GIS ; islands ; cyclones ; future ; technical ; requirements ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 84
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    Can plate motion surveys by Global Positioning System measurements be considered as an alert system (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 495-502, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Plate tectonics ; Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Geodesy ; Stress ; Strain ; Seismicity ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 85
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    Project of creation of an earthquake early warning system for Armenia (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 487-494, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Project report/description ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 86
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    Early warning systems for tsunami - an overview (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 24, no. 16, pp. 535-536, (ISBN 0080419208)
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    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Tsunami(s) ; Seismicity ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Earthquake early warning systems: current status and perspectives (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 409-423, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Review article ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Geochemical monitoring on Merapi volcano, Indonesia (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 511-514, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Geochemistry ; Volcanology ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    UrEDAS: The early warning system for mitigation of disasters caused by earthquakes and tsunamis (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 22, no. 16, pp. 453-460, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Japan ; Seismology ; Seismicity ; Tsunami(s) ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Geodesy: The Challenge of the Third Millennium (2003)
    Springer
    In:  New York, 473 pp., Springer, vol. 10, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN 3-540-43160-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Textbook of geodesy ; methods ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Instruments ; Global Positioning System ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; InSAR ; geoid ; Gravimetry, Gravitation ; Earth rotation ; Strain ; visions ; for ; the ; future ; state ; of ; the ; science
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    Introduction to Maple, 3rd ed. (2003)
    Springer
    In:  New York, 828 pp., Springer, vol. 16, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 0-387-00230-8)
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    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Handbook of mathematics ; Modelling ; software ; manual ; computer ; algebra ; symbolic ; mathematics ; MATLAB
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    Nonlinear Dynamics of the Lithosphere and Earthquake Prediction (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, XIV + 337 pp., Springer, vol. 9, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 3-540-43528-X)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Pattern recognition ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Lithosphere ; complexity ; hierarchical ; dissipative ; system ; static ; Dynamic ; lattice ; Modelling ; synthetic ; Earthquake catalog ; Fault zone ; block ; rotations ; decision ; theory
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    Methods and Applications of Signal Processing in Seismic Network Operations (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 98, no. ALEX(01)-FR-77-01, AFTAC Contract F08606-76-C-0025, pp. 95-104, (ISBN: 1-4020-1592-5)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; earthquake ; warning ; Seismic networks ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Location ; Detectors ; Time series analysis ; Seismology
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    The SIL seismological data acquisition system - as operated in Iceland in Sweden (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Methods and Applications of Signal Processing in Seismic Network Operations, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 98, no. 16, pp. 131-148, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; earthquake ; warning ; Seismic networks ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Location ; Detectors ; Time series analysis ; Seismology ; Boedvarsson ; Bodvarsson
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    Global Positioning System - Theory, Algorithms and Applications (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (ISBN 0-06-057199-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Textbook of geodesy ; Handbook of geodesy ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; KSGSoft ; program ; software ; Filter- ; Error analysis
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  • 96
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    Earthquake early warning system in Japan (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 24, no. 16, pp. 447-452, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Review article ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    The seismic alert system in Mexico City and the school prevention program (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Professional Paper, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1002, no. 231, pp. 441-446, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Seismology ; Seismic networks ; Real time earthquake monitoring ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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    Predictions and social response capacities in face of the 1995 Menglian earthquake (M=7.3): an overview (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 481-486, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; China ; case ; study ; Earthquake ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 99
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    Earthquake disasters: prediction, prevention and early warning (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction, Berlin, Springer, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 425-431, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Seismology ; Mexico ; Kueppers ; Kuppers
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  • 100
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    Microearthquake analysis at local seismic networks in Iceland and Sweden and earthquake precursors (2003)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., Methods and Applications of Signal Processing in Seismic Network Operations, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, vol. 98, no. 16, pp. 149-172, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: digital signal analysis (also DSP) ; DSP ; Seismology ; Early warning systems (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis etc.) ; Seismic networks ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Location ; Detectors ; Time series analysis ; Seismology
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