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  • 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data  (28)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations  (25)
  • Elsevier  (36)
  • American Geophysical Union  (15)
  • Geophysical Journal International  (1)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 2005-2009  (52)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    Source parameters of the 11 June 1909, Lambesc (Provence, southeastern France) earthquake: a reappraisal based on macroseismic, seismological and geodetic observations (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-05
    Beschreibung: Destructive earthquakes are rare in France yet pose a sizable seismic hazard, especially when critical infrastructures are concerned. Only a few destructive events have occurred within the instrumental period, the most important being the 11 June 1909, Lambesc (Provence) earthquake. With a magnitude estimated at 6.2 [Rothé, 1942], the event was recorded by 30 observatories and produced intensity IX effects in the epicentral area, ~30 km north of Marseille. We collected 30 seismograms, leveling data and earthquake intensities to assess the magnitude and possibly the focal mechanism of this event. Following this multidisciplinary approach, we propose a source model where all relevant parameters are constrained by at least two of the input datasets. Our reappraisal of the seismological data yielded Mw 5.8-6.1 (6.0 preferred) and Ms 6.0, consistent with the magnitude from intensity data (Me 5.8) and with constraints derived from modeling of coseismic elevation changes. Hence, we found the Lambesc earthquake to have been somewhat smaller than previously reported. Our datasets also constrain the geometry and kinematics of faulting, suggesting that the earthquake was generated by reverse-right lateral slip on a WNW-striking, steeply north-dipping fault beneath the western part of the Trévaresse fold. This result suggests that the fold, located in front of the Lubéron thrust, plays a significant role in the region’s recent tectonic evolution. The sense of slip obtained for the 1909 rupture also agrees with the regional stress field obtained from earthquake focal mechanisms and microtectonic data as well as recent GPS data.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2454
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Lambesc earthquake ; France ; historical seismograms ; displacement modeling ; macroseismic data ; geodetic data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Contemporary crustal extension in the Umbria–Marche Apennines from regional CGPS networks and comparison between geodetic and seismic deformation (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-16
    Beschreibung: Here we report the results of the analysis of a GPS velocity field in the Umbria–Marche Apennines (central Italy) obtained from the integration of diverse geodetic networks. The velocity field obtained shows a high degree of consistency both spatially and in terms of comparison with independent information, despite the limited time span of some GPS stations. Starting from the velocity field we derive a continuous strain rate field applying a spline interpolation technique which provide a smooth estimate of the deformation field. The main feature of the resulting strain rate field is a continuous high (N50 nanostrain/year) strain rate belt coincident with the area of largest historical and instrumental seismic release. The model directions of the principal axes agree with geological and seismological information indicating NE–SW extension. We transform the strain rate field into geodetic moment rate using the Kostrov formula to evaluate the potential seismic activity of the region and compare it with actual seismic release in the last 720 years from MwN5.5 earthquakes. This comparison highlights a large possible deficit in the seismic release with respect to the overall potential seismic activity, particularly concentrated in the northern part of the study area. This discrepancy can be resolved with either a large amount of seismicity to be released in the near future or significant aseismic slip and deformation.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3-12
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): GPS ; crustal deformation ; Northen Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Chemical evolution of thermal waters and changes in the hydrothermal system of Papandayan volcano (West Java, Indonesia) after the November 2002 eruption (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-17
    Beschreibung: Papandayan is a stratovolcano situated in West Java, Indonesia. Since the last magmatic eruption in 1772,only few hydrothermal explosions have occurred. An explosive eruption occurred in November 2002 and ejected ash and altered rocks. The altered rocks show that an advanced argillic alteration took place in the hydrothermal system by interaction between acid fluids and rocks. Four zones of alteration have been defined and are limited in extension and shape along faults or across permeable structures at different levels beneath the active crater of the volcano. At the present time, the activity is centered in the northeast crater with discharge of low temperature fumaroles and acid hot springs. Two types of acid fluids are emitted in the crater of Papandayan volcano: (1) acid sulfate-chloride waters with pH between 1.6 and 4.6 and (2) acid sulfate waters with pH between 1.2 and 2.5. The water samples collected after the eruption on January 2003 reveal an increase in the SO4/Cl and Mg/Cl ratios. This evolution is likely explained by an increase in the neutralization of acid fluids and tends to show that water–rock interactions were more significant after the eruption. The evolution in the chemistry observed since 2003 is the consequence of the opening of new fractures at depth where unaltered (or less altered) volcanic rocks were in contact with the ascending acid waters. The high δ34S values (9–17‰) observed in acid sulfatechloride waters before the November 2002 eruption suggest that a significant fraction of dissolved sulfates was formed by the disproportionation of magmatic SO2. On the other hand, the low δ34S (−0.3–7‰) observed in hot spring waters sampled after the eruption suggest that the hydrothermal contribution (i.e. the surficial oxidation of hydrogen sulfide) has increased.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 276-286
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Papandayan volcano ; Indonesia ; phreatic eruption ; hydrothermal system ; fluid geochemistry ; advanced argillic alteration ; gas geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 4
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    Present-day stress-field modelling of southern Italy constrained by stress and GPS data (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-16
    Beschreibung: The present-day tectonic setting of the Italian peninsula is very complex and involves competing geodynamic processes. In this context, southern peninsular Italy is characterised by extension along the Apenninic belt and in the Tyrrhenian margin and by transpression in the Apulia-Gargano region. The extension is well defined by means of geological, seismological, and contemporary stress data. For the latter only few data are available in the Apulia-Gargano region, leaving the state of stress in that area unresolved. Here we develop a finite-element model of the southern Italian region in order to predict the contemporary stress field. Our model predictions are constrained by model-independent observations of the orientation of maximum horizontal stress (SHmax), the tectonic regime, and the horizontal velocities derived from GPS observations. We performed a blind test with 31 newly acquired SHmax orientations in the Southern Apennines. These new data come from the analysis of borehole breakouts performed in 46 deep oil exploration wells ranging in depth from 1300 to 5500 m. The model results agree with the stress data that define a prevailing NW-SE SHmax orientation along the Apenninic belt and foredeep and thus are capable to predict the stress field where no stress information is available. We first analyse how much model predictions, based on older data, deviate from present-day stress data and then recalibrate the models based on our new stress data, giving insight into the resolution of both models and data. In the studied region, which is affected by low deformation rates, we find that geodetic data alone cannot resolve such low levels of deformation due to the high relative measurement errors. We conclude that both GPS and stress data are required to constrain model results.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) through the INGV-DPC project S1.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 193-204
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Neotectonics ; Borehole-breakouts ; Southern Apennines ; Finite-element models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Structural and rheological constraints on source depth and overpressure estimates at the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The 1982-84 unrest episode at Campi Flegrei (CF) caldera, Italy, was characterized by huge deformation (more than 1.5 m uplift) concentrated inside the caldera. According to point source isotropic models in homogeneous elastic and visco-elastic half-spaces, the source depth is very shallow (about 3 km). If the source radius is about 1 km this implies that magma is at a depth of 2 km depth. However, several independent observations show that the top of the magma chamber at CF must be deeper than 4 km. This paper investigates how the inferred source depth increases when rigidity heterogeneities (obtained through seismic tomography at CF) are considered and when the long-term deformation takes place under drained conditions. Finite element models indicate that overpressure needed at the source to reproduce the 1.5 m maximum uplift is however beyond typical rock strength values. This evidence, together with the high thermal anomalies, the presence of fluids and the low cohesion of tuffs filling the caldera, suggests the use of elastoplastic constitutive laws. For elastoplastic behavior, the same deformation is obtained using a deeper source (with center at 5 km depth) and a lower overpressure (than required by elastic models). The plastic deformation concentrates both at the source boundaries and above the source, where seismic activity has been recorded. These results indicate that the rheological properties of the shallow crust of CF have important implications for hazard estimate during unrest episodes.
    Beschreibung: INGV-Gruppo Nazionale per la Vulcanologia; Ministero dell'Istruzione Università e Ricerca- FIRB Project
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 14
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): finite element modelling ; Campi Flegrei ; surface deformation ; plasticity ; rheological layering ; overpressure source ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Seismotectonics of the Southern Apennines and Adriatic foreland: insights on active regional E-W shear zones from analogue modeling (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The active tectonics at the front of the Southern Apennines and in the Adriatic foreland is characterized by E-W striking, right-lateral seismogenic faults, interpreted as reactivated inherited discontinuities. The best studied among these is the Molise-Gondola shear zone (MGsz). The interaction of these shear zones with the Apennines chain is not yet clear. To address this open question we developed a set of scaled analogue experiments, aimed at analyzing: 1) how dextral strike-slip motion along a pre-existing zone of weakness within the foreland propagates toward the surface and affects the orogenic wedge; 2) the propagation of deformation as a function of displacement; 3) any insights on the active tectonics of Southern Italy. Our results stress the primary role played by these inherited structures when reactivated, and confirm that regional E-W dextral shear zones are a plausible way of explaining the seismotectonic setting of the external areas of the Southern Apennines.
    Beschreibung: INGV, Università degli Studi di Pavia
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 21
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Active strike-slip fault ; sandbox model ; southern Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Crustal contamination and crystal entrapment during polybaric magma evolution at Mt.Somma-Vesuvius volcano, Italy: Geochemical and Sr isotope evidence (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: New major and trace element analyses and Sr-isotope determinations of rocks from Mt. Somma–Vesuvius volcano produced from 25 ky BP to 1944 AD are part of an extensive database documenting the geochemical evolution of this classic region. Volcanic rocks include silica undersaturated, potassic and ultrapotassic lavas and tephras characterized by variable mineralogy and different crystal abundance, as well as by wide ranges of trace element contents and a wide span of initial Sr-isotopic compositions. Both the degree of undersaturation in silica and the crystal content increase through time, being higher in rocks produced after the eruption at 472 AD (Pollena eruption). Compositional variations have been generally thought to reflect contributions from diverse types of mantle and crust. Magma mixing is commonly invoked as a fundamental process affecting the magmas, in addition to crystal fractionation. Our assessment of geochemical and Srisotopic data indicates that compositional variability also reflects the influence of crustal contamination during magma evolution during upward migration to shallow crustal levels and/or by entrapment of crystal mush generated during previous magma storage in the crust. Using a variant of the assimilation fractional crystallization model (Energy Conservation– Assimilation Fractional Crystallization; [Spera and Bohrson, 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic processes I: General model and energy-constrained assimilation and fractional crystallization (EC–AFC) formulation. J. Petrol. 999– 1018]; [Bohrson, W.A. and Spera, F.J., 2001. Energy-constrained open-system magmatic process II: application of energyconstrained assimilation–fractional crystallization (EC–AFC) model to magmatic systems. J. Petrol. 1019–1041]) we estimated the contributions from the crust and suggest that contamination by carbonate rocks that underlie the volcano (2 km down to 9–10 km) is a fundamental process controlling magma compositions at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius in the last 8 ky BP. Contamination in the mid- to upper crust occurred repeatedly, after the magma chamber waxed with influx of new mantle- and crustal-derived magmas and fluids, and waned as a result of magma withdrawal and production of large and energetic plinian and subplinian eruptions.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 303– 329
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Somma–Vesuvius volcano ; Sr isotopes ; Geochemistry ; Crustal contamination ; Mantle source ; Phenocryst entrapment ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Contemporary total dissolved gas pressure and soil temperature anomalies recorded at Stromboli volcano (Italy) (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Soil temperature and total dissolved gas pressure(TDGP) data were recorded by two continuous monitoring stations on the volcano of Stromboli (Italy) between March and October 2006. During this period several TDGP and soil temperature anomalies, unrelated to external causes and characterized by a similar shape and occurrence time, were recorded. These anomalies were interpreted as transients due to changes in the degassing regime of the volcano,which was in turn related to changes in the partition ratio of the volcanic fluidsbetweenthe conduitandthe soil. In thesame period Stromboli experienced an anomalous phase of volcanic and tectonic activity. The close correlation found between volcano-tectonic activity and variations in anomalousmonitored parameters suggests that their continuous monitoring may be a useful tool for the surveillance of volcanic activity on the island.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L08301
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Dissolved gases ; Soil temperature ; Total dissolved gas pressure ; Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Evidence of active crustal deformation of the Colli Albani volcanic area (central Italy) by GPS (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Colli Albani is a volcanic complex close to the city of Rome. Here we show results from GPS campaigns performed in the time span 1995-1996.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 55-65
    Beschreibung: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): crustal deformation, GPS, Colli Albani ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Slip rates of the Aigion and Eliki Faults from uplifted marine terraces, Corinth Gulf, Greece (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Along the southern coast of the Gulf of Corinth, important coastal uplift is illustrated by raised Late-Pleistocene marine platforms. Terrace remnants preserved on the footwall of the Aigion and Eliki Faults were mapped in detail. To derive cumulative uplift rates, the individual terraces were tentatively correlated with the eustatic sea-level curve, constrained by some direct dating of the deposits blanketing the terraces. We obtain uplift rates of 1.05–1.2 mmyr−1 for the Aigion Fault footwall and of 1.0 and 1.25 mmyr−1 for the East and West Eliki Fault footwalls respectively. A forward modelling procedure was adopted to fit the best-preserved terrace transects, using a code based on standard dislocation theory and assuming reasonable scenarios of regional uplift. We obtained maximum slip rates consistently in the range of 7–11 mmyr−1 for the West and East Eliki Faults and of 9–11 mmyr−1 for the Aigion Fault.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 325-334
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): slip rate ; marine terraces ; modeling ; Corinth Gulf, Greece ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Geophysical investigations of the plumbing system of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In this work, we report the results of an integrated approach using both seismological and geodetic data provided by the INGV-CT (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania) Stromboli volcano monitoring systems, in order to improve the knowledge of its plumbing system. In particular, we investigated the relationships between the June 1999 seismic swarm, occurring in the area of Stromboli, and the possible activation of the NE–SW oriented volcano-tectonic structure. We analyzed this seismic swarm proposing new locations and a morphological analysis of the waveforms. This approach allowed us to demonstrate that there are relationships between the tectonic activity near Stromboli and the rising of magma. This evidence supports the hypothesis that during the 1999 swarm an intrusive process started from a crustal level where earthquakes were located (about 10–15 km b.s.l.). As already testified by other similar episodes (deformation anomaly recorded between December 1994 and March 1995 after the November 1994 swarm), months after the 1999 seismic activity, the tiltmeters and the GPS permanent stations deployed in Stromboli, showed slow variations over three months (May–July 2000). We performed an analytical inversion of these geodetic observations and found that the modelled sources are characterized by NE–SW trend, compatible with the regional faults cutting the volcano. The modelled sources could represent the rising pathway connecting the “deep” plumbing system (about 10–15 km b.s.l.) to the “shallow” one located in the body of the Stromboli volcano (about 500 m a.s.l.). These new evidences support the hypothesis of the existence of a simple plumbing system with different levels of magma storage, where batches of magma are periodically pushed up along the main NE–SW tectonic trend.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 529-540
    Beschreibung: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): stromboli ; plumbing system ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
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  • 12
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    Hydrochemical dynamics of the “lake–spring” system in the crater of El Chichón volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: El Chichón volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) erupted violently in March–April 1982, breaching through the former volcano–hydrothermal system. Since then, the 1982 crater has hosted a shallow (1–3.3 m, acidic (pH ∼ 2.2) and warm (∼ 30 °C) crater lake with a strongly varying chemistry (Cl/SO4=0–79 molar ratio). The changes in crater lake chemistry and volume are not systematically related to the seasonal variation of rainfall, but rather to the activity of near-neutral geyser-like springs in the crater (Soap Pool). These Soap Pool springs are the only sources of Cl for the lake. Their geyser-like behaviour with a long-term (months to years) periodicity is due to a specific geometry of the shallow boiling aquifer beneath the lake, which is the remnant of the 1983 Cl-rich (24,000 mg/l) crater lake water. The Soap Pool springs decreased in Cl content over time. The zero-time extrapolation (1982, year of the eruption) approaches the Cl content in the initial crater lake,meanwhile the extrapolation towards the future indicates a zero-Cl content by 2009±1. This particular situation offers the opportunity to calculate mass balance and Cl budget to quantify the lake–spring system in the El Chichón crater. These calculations show that the water balance without the input of SP springs is negative, implying that the lake should disappear during the dry season. The isotopic composition of lake waters (δD and δ18O) coincide with this crater lake-SP dynamics, reflecting evaporation processes and mixing with SP geyser and meteoric water. Future dome growth, not observed yet in the post-1982 El Chichón crater, may be anticipated by changes in lake chemistry and dynamics.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 237–248
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): El Chichón volcano ; crater lake–Spring dynamics ; fluid geochemistry ; stable isotopes ; monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 13
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    Estimating thermal inflow to El Chichón crater lake using the energy-budget, chemical and isotope balance approaches (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: El Chichón crater lake appeared immediately after the 1982 catastrophic eruption in a newly formed, 1-km wide, explosive crater. During the first 2 years after the eruption the lake transformed from hot and ultraacidic caused by dissolution of magmatic gases, to a warm and less acidic lake due to a rapid “magmatic-tohydrothermal transition” — input of hydrothermal fluids and oxidation of H2S to sulfate. Chemical composition of the lake water and other thermal fluids discharging in the crater, stable isotope composition (δD and δ18O) of lake water, gas condensates and thermal waters collected in 1995–2006 were used for the mass-balance calculations (Cl, SO4 and isotopic composition) of the thermal flux from the crater floor. The calculated fluxes of thermal fluid by different mass-balance approaches become of the same order of magnitude as those derived from the energy-budget model if values of 1.9 and 2 mmol/mol are taken for the catchment coefficient and the average H2S concentration in the hydrothermal vapors, respectively. The total heat power from the crater is estimated to be between 35 and 60 MW and the CO2 flux is not higher than 150 t/day or ~200 gm−2 day−1.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 472-481
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): El Chichón ; crater lake ; mass-energy budget ; CO2 flux ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Molecular and isotopic composition of free hydrocarbon gases from Sicily, Italy (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Chemical and isotopic data have been used as geochemical tracers for a genetic characterization of hydrocarbon gases from a total of eleven manifestations located in Eastern and Central-Southern Sicily (Italy). The molecular analysis shows that almost all the samples are enriched in methane (up to 93.2% Vol.), with the exception of four gas samples collected around Mt. Etna showing high mantle-derived CO2 content. Methane isotope signatures suggest that these are thermogenic gases or a mixture between thermogenic gases and microbial gases. Although samples from some mud volcanoes in Southern Sicily (Macalube di Aragona) show isotope signatures consistent with a mixing model between thermogenic and microbial, by combining the molecular compositions (C1/(C2 + C3))and the methane isotope ratios (d13C1), such a process seems to be excluded. Therefore, the occurrence of secondary post-genetic processes should be invoked. Two main hypotheses have been considered: the first hypothesis includes that the gas is produced by microbial activity and altered post-genetically by microbial oxidation of methane, while according to the second hypothesis thermogenic gas have modified their molecular ratios due to vertical migration.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L06607
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Isotopic composition/chemistry ; Organic geochemistry ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 15
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    The use of IFSAR and classical geodetic techniques for caldera unrest episodes: application to the Campi Flegrei uplift event of 2000 (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Campi Flegrei caldera has a long history of large surface deformation,with isplacements of several meters in the 1970s and early 1980s. Its location within a densely populated urban area underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between large and episodic deformation events and their source mechanisms. The primary observable of the caldera’s activity is its surface deformation. Classical geodetic approaches such as leveling, have been complemented by the more advanced measurements of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry. In this work we focus on the Campi Flegrei caldera uplift event that occurred from early spring to late summer 2000. Our goal is to highlight the potential to integrate interferometric SAR (IFSAR),GPS, and classical leveling data for ground deformation studies and source modeling. We compare models for the deformation source constrained by inversion of the differential IFSAR data (DIFSAR) with the model’s prediction for the GPS and leveling data. Resolution of possible changes in the source mechanism for Campi Flegrei caldera are limited by differences in the temporal,spatial and deformation component strengths of each data set. In the future,overcoming these data deficiencies will be important for resolving the dynamics of volcano systems and for volcanic hazard mitigation.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 247-260
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Caldera unrest ; Global positioning system ; SAR interferometry ; Volcano deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    H2S fluxes from Mt. Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano (Italy) and implications for the sulfur budget at volcanoes (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present here new measurements of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide emissions from Vulcano, Etna, and Stromboli (Italy), made by direct sampling at vents and by filter pack and ultraviolet spectroscopy in downwind plumes. Measurements at the F0 and FA fumaroles on Vulcano yielded SO2/H2S molar ratios of 0.38 and 1.4, respectively, from which we estimate an H2S flux of 6 to 9 for the summit crater. For Mt. Etna and Stromboli, we found SO2/H2S molar ratios of 20 and 15, respectively, which combined with SO2 flux measurements, suggest H2S emission rates of 50 to 113 and 4 to 8, respectively. We observe that source and plume SO2/H2S ratios at Vulcano are similar, suggesting that hydrogen sulfide is essentially inert on timescales of seconds to minutes. This finding has important implications for estimates of volcanic total sulfur budget at volcanoes since most existing measurements do not account for H2S emission.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1861–1871
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): H2S atmospheric budget ; volcanic degassing ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 17
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    Changes in fluid geochemistry and physico-chemical conditions of geothermal systems caused by magmatic input: The recent abrupt outgassing off the island of Panarea (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Hydrothermal systems and related vents can exhibit dramatic changes in their physico-chemical conditions over time as a response to varying activity in the feeding magmatic systems. Massive steam condensation and gas scrubbing processes of thermal fluids during their ascent and cooling cause further compositional changes that mask information regarding the conditions evolving at depth in the hydrothermal system. Here we propose a new stability diagram based on the CO2-CH4-CO-H2 concentrations in vapor, which aims at calculating the temperatures and pressures in hydrothermal reservoirs. To filter gas scrubbing effects, we have also developed a model for selective dissolution of CO2-H2S-N2-CH4-He-Ne mixtures in fresh and/or air-saturated seawater. This methodology has been applied to the recent (November 2002) crisis that affected the geothermal field off the island of Panarea (Italy), where the fluid composition and fluxes have been monitored for the past two decades. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the gases suggest that the volatile elements originate from an active magma, which feeds a boiling saline solution having temperatures of up to 350 C and containing 12 mol CO2 in vapor. The thermal fluids undergo cooling and re-equilibration processes on account of gas-water-rock interactions during their ascent along fracture networks. Furthermore, steam condensation and removal of acidic species, partial dissolution in cold air-saturated seawater and stripping of atmospheric components, affect the composition of the geothermal gases at shallow levels. The observed geochemical variations are consistent with a new input of magmatic fluids that perturbed the geothermal system and caused the unrest event. The present-state evolution shows that this dramatic input of fluids is probably over, and that the system is now tending towards steady-state conditions on a time scale of months.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3045-3059
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Submarine degassing ; geothermal system ; gas-water interaction ; gas geothermometry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Gas hazard assessment in a densely inhabited area of Colli Albani Volcano (Cava dei Selci, Roma) (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The northwestern flank of the Colli Albani, a Quaternary volcanic complex near Rome, is characterised by high CO2 values and Rn activities in the groundwater and by the presence of zones with strong emission of gas from the soil. The most significant of these zones is Cava dei Selci where many houses are located very near to the gas emission site. The emitted gas consists mainly of CO2 (up to 98 vol) with an appreciable content of H2S (0.8). The He and C isotopic composition indicates, as for all fluids associated with the Quaternary Roman and Tuscany volcanic provinces, the presence of an upper mantle component contaminated by crustal fluids associated with subducted sediments and carbonates. An advective CO2 flux of 37 tons/day has been estimated from the gas bubbles rising to the surface in a small drainage ditch and through a stagnant water pool, present in the rainy season in a topographically low central part of the area. A CO2 soil flux survey with an accumulation chamber, carried out in February-March 2000 over a 12 000 m2 surface with 242 measurement points, gave a total (mostly conductive) flux of 61 tons/day. CO2 soil flux values vary by four orders of magnitude over a 160-m distance and by one order of magnitude over several metres. A fixed network of 114 points over 6350 m2 has been installed in order to investigate temporal flux variations. Six surveys carried out from May 2000 to June 2001 have shown large variations of the total CO2 soil flux (8/25 tons/day). The strong emission of CO2 and H2S, which are gases denser than air, produces dangerous accumulations in low areas which have caused a series of lethal accidents to animals and one to a man. The gas hazard near the houses has been assessed by continuously monitoring the CO2 and H2S concentration in the air at 75 cm from the ground by means of two automatic stations. Certain environmental parameters (wind direction and speed; atm P, T, humidity and rainfall) were also continuously recorded. At both stations, H2S and CO2 exceeded by several times the recommended concentration thresholds. The highest CO2 and H2S values were recorded always with wind speeds less than 1.5 m/s, mostly in the night hours. Our results indicate that there is a severe gas hazard for people living near the gas emission site of Cava dei Selci, and appropriate precautionary and prevention measures have been recommended both to residents and local authorities.
    Beschreibung: - GNV funded research project Gas Hazard of Colli Albani
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 81^94
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Colli Albani ; CO2 flux ; H2S ; gas hazard ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 19
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    Tectonic evolution of fault-bounded continental blocks: (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report on new paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data from Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary units from Corinth and Megara basins (Peloponnesus, Greece). Paleomagnetic results show that Megara basin has undergone vertical axis CW rotation since the Pliocene, while Corinth has rotated CCW during the same period of time. These results indicate that the overall deformation in central Greece has been achieved by complex interactions of mostly rigid, rotating, fault bounded crustal blocks. The comparison of paleomagnetic results and existing GPS data shows that the boundaries of the rigid blocks in central Greece have changed over time, with faulting migrating into the hanging walls, sometimes changing in orientation. The Megara basin belonged to the Beotia-Locris block in the past but has now been incorporated into the Peloponnesus block, possibly because the faulting in the Gulf of Corinth has propagated both north and east. Paleomagnetic and GPS data from Megara and Corinth basins have significant implications for the deformation style of the continental lithosphere. In areas of distributed deformation the continental lithosphere behaves instantaneously like a small number of rigid blocks with well-defined boundaries. This means that these boundaries could be detected with only few years of observations with GPS. However, on a larger time interval the block boundaries change with time as the active fault moves. Paleomagnetic studies distinguishing differential rotational domains provide a useful tool to map how block boundaries change with time.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-15
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Paleomagnetism ; Greece, block rotations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    The evolution of the Calabrian Arc: Evidence from paleomagnetic and GPS observations (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The present-day arcuate shape of the Calabrian Arc has been accomplished during Neogene and Early Pleistocene by large and opposite vertical axis rotations along the two arms of the Arc. Clockwise (CW) rotations have been systematically registered in Sicily and Calabria, whereas counterclockwise (CCW) rotations were measured in Southern Apennines. Such opposite vertical axis rotations ceased in the uppermost part of the Lower Pleistocene (about 1 Ma ago) along almost the entire Calabrian Arc and are not observed in the present-day GPS velocity field. The end of the Calabrian Arc bending during the Quaternary marks a decrease in the efficiency of the tectonic processes related to the long-lived subduction of the Ionian slab, which caused the halting of the back-arc opening in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 259-274
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Calabrian Arc ; subduction ; paleomagnetism ; GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    Major and trace element geochemistry of neutral and acidic thermal springs at El Chichón volcano, Mexico Implications for monitoring of the volcanic activity (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Four groups of thermal springs with temperatures from 50 to 80 °C are located on the S–SW–W slopes of El Chichón volcano, a composite dome-tephra edifice, which exploded in 1982 with a 1 km wide, 160 m deep crater left. Very dynamic thermal activity inside the crater (variations in chemistry and migration of pools and fumaroles, drastic changes in the crater lake volume and chemistry) contrasts with the stable behavior of the flank hot springs during the time of observations (1974–2005). All known groups of hot springs are located on the contact of the basement and volcanic edifice, and only on the W–SW–S slopes of the volcano at almost same elevations 600–650 m asl and less than 3 km of direct distance from the crater. Three groups of near-neutral (pH≈6) springs at SW–S slopes have the total thermal water outflow rate higher than 300 l/s and are similar in composition. The fourth and farthest group on the western slope discharges acidic (pH≈2) saline (10 g/kg of Cl) water with a much lower outflow rate (b10 l/s). Water–rock interaction modeling of main types of the El Chichón thermal waters using regular log Q/K graphs (saturation indices vs temperature) showed maximum equilibrium temperature slightly higher than 200 °C. Acidic waters are equilibrated with some clay minerals at about 120 °C. Three main sources of the salinity of thermal water are suggested on the basis of mixing plots and isotopic data: a magmatic source for CO2, boron, sulfur and a limited part of Cl; volcanic rock source for the major cations and trace elements; the oil-bearing evaporitic basement source (oil-field brine?) for NaCl, Br, a part of Ca and some trace elements. All flank thermal springs end up in the river Rio Magdalena that has a variable seasonal flow rates from 4 to 20 m3/s. Any changes in the chemistry of springs must notably change the composition of the streams draining hot springs and eventually, Rio Magdalena. A monthly geochemical monitoring of Rio Magdalena and streams draining main hot springs would be a useful tool for surveying the activity of the volcano.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 224–236
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): volcano–hydrothermal system ; crater lake ; acidic water ; trace elements ; thermochemical modeling ; El Chichón volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 22
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    Rainwater-induced leaching of selenium, arsenic and vanadium from Etnean volcanic soils (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Active volcanoes emit considerable amounts of contaminants such as As, Se and V. Mount Etna is the biggest volcano of Europe and an excellent geochemical site to study water-soil processes. Due to its volcanic activity, the rainwater has a strong compositional gradient, both in time and space. At present, the behaviour of trace elements in the soils around Mt Etna is poorly understood. To determine the influence of the rainwater pH on the potential mobilization of geogenic pollutants, batch experiments have been performed with synthetic rainwater for 25 soils collected along the flanks of the volcano. Our results show that: i) The maximum concentrations in the leaching solutions are higher for acid rain than for neutral rain (e.g. 7.7 vs 1.3 mg/L for Se). ii) With neutral rain conditions the soils upwind from the volcano have higher concentrations of Se than those downwind (up to 1.3 mg/L compared to ≤0.3 mg/L for the other samples). This trend is less clear for As and V. iii) For soils collected from 2 to 10 km downwind of the craters, Se concentrations in acid rain leachates decrease one order of magnitude with increasing distance. A similar pattern is also observed upwind from the volcano. For As and V no clear relationship between concentrations and location with respect to the volcanic craters is observed. Both i) and ii) result in a low pH dependence for samples upwind from the volcano. The biggest difference between acid and neutral leaching for As and V is observed for a sample 2 km downwind from the craters. The observed patterns are influenced by potential controlling factors, such as organic matter content, total concentrations, mineralogy, influence of the volcanic plume, etc. Our results have implications for the chemical composition of the Etnean aquifer, the only water resource to the one million inhabitants around Mt Etna, as well as for the bioavailability and potential toxicity through agricultural activities, essential to the local economy.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Davos, Switzerland
    Beschreibung: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): volcanic soils ; selenium ; arsenic ; vanadium ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Oral presentation
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  • 23
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    Crustal velocity and strain-rate fields in Italy and surrounding regions: new results from the analysis of permanent and non-permanent GPS networks (2007)
    Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-02-03
    Beschreibung: We present a new geodetic velocity solution for Italy and surroundings areas, obtained from the analysis of continuous and survey mode Global Positioning System observations collected between 1991 and 2002.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 861-880
    Beschreibung: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Central Mediterranean, crustal deformations, GPS, plate boundary, plate tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
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    Geochemical precursors of the activity of an open-conduit volcano: The Stromboli 2002-2003 eruptive events (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Marked increases of CO2, H2 and He dissolved in thermal waters and changes in the dissolved carbon isotopic composition, were observed at Stromboli before the 28 December 2002 eruption and before a violent explosive paroxysm occurred on 5 April 2003. High anomalous CO2 flux values were recorded at the crater rim since a week before the eruption onset. The first anomalies in the thermal waters (dissolved CO2 amount) appeared some months before the eruption, when magma column rose at a very high level in the conduit. High peaks of dissolved H2 and He were recorded a few days before the paroxysm. Carbon isotopic composition indicates a magmatic origin of the dissolved CO2 whose increase, together with those of H2 and He, is attributed to an increasing output of deep gases likely produced by depressurization of a rising batch of a deep gas-rich magma, whose fragments have been emitted during the explosion.
    Beschreibung: Italian Civil Protection
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L07620
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli ; geochemical precursors ; CO2 flux ; pH ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 25
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    Nitrogen isotopes in thermal fluids of a forearc region (Jalisco Block, Mexico): evidence for heavy nitrogen from continental crust (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Jalisco Block (JB) is a geologically and tectonically complex part of northwestern Mexico characterized by active subduction-type volcanism, rifting, and old stable structures. Thermal springs and groups of springs are widely distributed over JB. Bubbling gas from seven thermal springs located within different tectonic environments of the JB was analyzed for He, 20Ne, and N2 concentrations and d15N ratios. All gases are N2-dominant (〉84%) with the exception of one sample (Rio´ Purificacio´n), which has a significant CH4 content (about 50%). All collected gas samples are relatively high in He, up to 1500 ppm vol and with 3He/4He values ranging from 0.6 to 4.5 Ra. All measured nitrogen isotope ratios are heavier than air with d15N values ranging from 0.5 to 5.0%. The relative N2 excess with respect to air-saturated water computed on the basis of N2 and 20Ne contents indicates the contribution of a nonatmospheric N2 source. All the samples show a good correlation between d15N and the relative excess of N2 with d15N +5.3% for the maximum N2 excess of 100%. Due to a presumed lack of seafloor sediment involved in the subduction process, such a d15N positive value seems to reflect the addition to the fluids of a heavy nitrogen originating from metamorphism processes of rocks occurring within the overlying continental crust.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-9
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): bubbling gases ; forearc region ; Jalisco Block-Mexico ; nitrogen isotopes ; subduction-related volcanism ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 26
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    Geochemical evidence of seismogenic-induced anomalies in the dissolved gases of thermal waters: A case study of Umbria (Central Apennines, Italy) both during and after the 1997-1998 seismic swarm (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In this paper we present the first geochemical data set regarding long-term monitoring of dissolved gases in thermal waters from a seismic area. Three sites in Umbria (Central Apennines, Italy) were studied both for the chemical and for the helium isotopic composition of the dissolved gases. Data were collected during and after the seismic crisis that struck the region in 1997â 1998. The chemical composition of the dissolved gases revealed that a CO2-rich gas phase was always mixed with an atmospheric-derived component dominated by N2. A normal faulting marked the beginning of the seismic activity enhancing the release of CO2 on a regional scale. Variations in both the chemical and isotopic compositions of the dissolved gases were also observed as preseismic, synseismic, and postseismic phenomena related to the seismic shock of March 1998. Those geochemical modifications were interpreted as being the consequence of a drop in the CO2 degassing rate, in good agreement with the compressive focal mechanism of that seismic event. Furthermore, this interpretation was also consistent with the geologic and tectonic setting of the study area and induced us to postulate that changes in the local rock permeability, due to crustal deformations (i.e., coseismic deformation and postseismic release), were responsible for the geochemical modifications observed. On the basis of the foregoing, we have concluded that the geochemistry of dissolved gases in groundwaters represents a useful tool for the investigation of the relationships between circulating fluids and seismic activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): dissolved gases ; geochemistry ; seismic areas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data
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  • 27
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    2001 flank eruption of the alkali- and volatile-rich primitive basalt responsible for Mount Etna's evolution in the last three decades (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Since the early 1970s enhanced eruptive activity of Mount Etna has been accompanied by selective geochemical changes in erupted lavas, among which a gradual increase of alkalis whose origin is still debated. Here we provide further insight into the origin of this recent evolution, based on a detailed study of the chemistry and dissolved volatile content of melt inclusions trapped in olivine crystals of unusual plagioclase-poor primitive basalt that was extruded during a highly explosive flank eruption in July–August 2001. Two types of lava were erupted simultaneously along a N–S fracture system. Trachybasalts from the upper vents (2950–2700 m) were simply drained out by fracturing of the central volcanic conduit. They are identical to summit crater lavas and contain Mg-poor olivines (Fo70–72) with evolved and volatile-poor melt inclusions that represent late-stage crystallisation during shallow open conduit degassing. In contrast, plagioclase-poor basalt (80% of total) extruded through the lower vents (2550–2100 m) derived from lateral dyke intrusion of a more primitive and volatile-rich magma across the sedimentary basement. This primitive melt is best preserved in rare Fo82.4–80.5 skeletal olivines present in lapilli deposits from the most powerful activities at the 2550 m vent. Its high dissolved contents of H2 O (3.4 wt.%), CO2 (0.11 to 0.41 wt.%), S (0.32 wt.%), Cl (0.16 wt.%) and F (0.094 wt.%) point to its closed system ascent from ∼400 to 250 MPa (∼12 to 6.5 km depth b.s.l.). However, the predominance of euhedral olivine phenocrysts with common reverse zoning (cores Fo76–78 and rims Fo78–80) and decrepited inclusions shows that most of the erupted basalt derived from a slightly more evolved, crystallizing body of the same magma that was invaded by the uprising primitive melt prior to erupting. The few preserved inclusions in these olivines indicate pre-eruptive storage of that magma body at about 5 km depth b.s.l., in coherence with seismic data. We propose that the 2001 flank eruption resulted from gradual overpressuring of Etna's shallow plumbing system due to the influx of volatile-rich primitive basalt that may have begun several months in advance. We find that this basalt is much richer in alkalis (2.0 wt.% K2 O) and has higher S/Cl (2.0) but lower Cl/K and Cl/F ratios than all pre-1970s Etnean lavas (1.4 wt.% K2 O, S/Cl=1.5), as further exemplified by melt inclusions in entrained olivine xenocrysts. Combining these new observations with previously published data, we argue that the 2001 basalt represents a new alkali-rich basic end-member feeding Mt. Etna, only few amount of which had previously been extruded during a 1974 peripheral eruption and, more recently, during brief paroxysmal summit events. Over the last three decades this new magma has progressively mixed with and replaced the former K-poorer trachybasalts filling the plumbing system, leading to extrusion of gradually more primitive and alkali-richer lavas. Its geochemical singularities cannot result from shallow crustal contaminations. Instead, they suggest the involvement of an alkali-richer but Cl-poorer arc-type component during recent magma genesis beneath Etna.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-17
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; volatiles ; degassing ; eruptive mechanism ; magma geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 28
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    Genesis of chlorine and sulphur in fumarolic emissions at Vulcano Island (Italy) : assessment of pH and redox conditions in the hydrothermal system (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Chlorine- and sulphur-bearing compounds in fumarole discharges of the La Fossa crater at Vulcano Island (Italy) can be modelled by a mixing process between magmatic gases and vapour from a boiling hydrothermal system. This allows estimating the compounds in both endmembers. Magma degassing cannot explain the time variation of sulphur and HCl concentrations in the deep endmember, which are more probably linked to reactions of solid phases at depth, before mixing with the hydrothermal vapours. Based on the P^T conditions and speciation of the boiling hydrothermal system below La Fossa, the HCl and Stot contents in the hydrothermal vapours were used to compute the redox conditions and pH of the aqueous solution. The results suggest that the haematite magnetite buffer controls the hydrothermal fO2 values, while the pH has increased since the end of the 1970s. The main processes affecting pH values may be linked to Na^Ca exchanges between evolved seawater, feeding the boiling hydrothermal system, and local rocks. While Na is removed from water, calcium enters the solution, undergoes hydrolysis and produces HCl,lowering the pH of the water. The increasing water^rock ratio within the hydrothermal system lowers the Ca availability, so the aqueous solution becomes less acidic. Seawater flowing towards the boiling hydrothermal brine dissolves a large quantity of pyrite along its path. In the boiling hydrothermal system, dissolved sulphur precipitates as pyrite and anhydrite, and becomes partitioned in vapour phase as H2S and SO2. These results are in agreement with the paragenesis of hydrothermal alteration minerals recovered in drilled wells at Vulcano and are also in agreement with the isotopic composition of sulphur emitted by the crater fumaroles.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 137-150
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): chlorine ; sulphur ; hydrothermal system ; genetic processes ; Vulcano Island ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 29
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    Fluid circulation at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) from self-potential and CO2 surveys (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This work addresses the study of fluid circulation of the Stromboli island using a dense coverage of self-potential (SP) and soil CO2 data. A marked difference exists between the northern flank and the other flanks of the island. The northern flank exhibits (1) a typical negative SP/altitude gradient not observed on the other flanks, and (2) higher levels of CO2. The general SP pattern suggests that the northern flank is composed of porous layers through which vadose water flows down to a basal water table, in contrast to the other flanks where impermeable layers impede the vertical flow of vadose water. In the Sciara del Fuoco and Rina Grande-Le Schicciole landslide complexes, breccias of shallow gliding planes may constitute such impermeable layers whereas elsewhere, poorly permeable, fine-grained pyroclastites or altered lava flows may be present. This general model of the flanks also explains the main CO2 patterns: concentration of CO2 at the surface is high on the porous north flank and lower on the other flanks where impermeable layers can block the upward CO2 flux. The active upper part of the island is underlain by a well-defined hydrothermal system bounded by short-wavelength negative SP anomalies and high peaks of CO2. These boundaries coincide with faults limiting ancient collapses of calderas, craters and flank landslides. The hydrothermal system is not homogeneous but composed of three main subsystems and of a fourth minor one and is not centered on the active craters. The latter are located near its border. This divergence between the location of the active craters and the extent of the hydrothermal system suggests that the internal heat sources may not be limited to sources below the active craters. If the heat source strictly corresponds to intrusions at depth around the active conduits, the geometry of the hydrothermal subsystems must be strongly controlled by heterogeneities within the edifice such as craters, caldera walls or gliding planes of flank collapse, as suggested by the correspondence between SP^CO2 anomalies and structural limits. The inner zone of the hydrothermal subsystems is characterized by positive SP anomalies, indicating upward movements of fluids, and by very low values of CO2 emanation. This pattern suggests that the hydrothermal zone becomes self-sealed at depth, thus creating a barrier to the CO2 flux. In this hypothesis, the observed hydrothermal system is a shallow one and it involves mostly convection of infiltrated meteoric water above the sealed zone. Finally, on the base of CO2 degassing measurements, we present evidence for the presence of two regional faults, oriented N41‡ and N64‡, and decoupled from the volcanic structures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1^18
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli ; hydrothermal system ; self-potential ; soil gas ; carbon dioxide ; Aeolian islands ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 30
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    Volcanic spreading of Vesuvius, a new paradigm for interpreting its volcanic activity (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We integrate geologic, structural, leveling and Differential SAR Interferometry data to show that Vesuvius began to spread onto its sedimentary substratum about 3,600 years ago. Moreover, we model the detected deformation with a solution of the lubrication approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations to show that spreading may continue for about 7,200 years more. Correlation of volcanic spreading with phases of the eruptive activity suggests that Plinian eruptions, which are thought to pose the major hazard, are less likely to occur in the near future.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-4
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Vesuvius ; volcanic activity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models
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  • 31
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    Ground deformation and gravity changes on the Island of Pantelleria in the geodynamic framework of the Sicily Channel (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The island of Pantelleria is an active volcano located in the Sicily Channel (Southern Italy), in the middle of a continental rift system. Since the 1980s the island was periodically surveyed by using geodetic techniques (EDM, levelling, GPS and high precise gravimetry) to monitor the regional and local volcanic dynamics. Gravity data, collected between 1990 and 1998, show short and long wavelength changes due to the combined effect of shallow and deep sources. They reflect, to some degree, the structural setting of the island as delineated by the Bouguer anomaly field, which indicates that the island is broken up into two main basement blocks. The latter are bordered by two lineaments, probably regional faults related to the global geodynamics of the Sicily Channel Rift Zone. Moreover, the inverse correlation between the gravity and altimetric variations suggests that: i) Pantelleria is kinematically divided in two blocks; ii) the observed behaviour is strongly influenced by the geodynamics of the Sicily Channel. A new interpretation of the fully reprocessed data sets is presented, focusing on the spatial–temporal features of the horizontal ground deformation and gravity changes compared to the Bouguer anomaly and altimetric data. This leads to conclude that volcanism on the island has been probably strongly influenced by the global geodynamics of the Sicily Channel, and future eruptions are most likely to occur at the structural boundary separating the two blocks.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 146– 162
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Pantelleria ; geodesy ; deformation ; gravity ; volcanism ; geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
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  • 32
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    Unrest at the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy): a critical evaluation of source parameters from geodetic data inversion (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We have analysed the deformation documented during unrest at the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy, between 1981 and 2001. Via inverse modelling, we constrain the location, geometry and size of the source responsible for the continuing period of surface deformation.We present a critical re-evaluation of results from previously published models and for the first time invert post-1994 data to infer source parameters. Our evaluation is based on constraints from additional horizontal displacement data, mechanical properties of the country rocks, effects of volcanic surface loading and on other geophysical and geochemical observations. We invert leveling and tide-gauge data for a spherical point (Mogi-model) source, a penny-shaped crack and finally a prolate spheroid. Despite the good qualities of fit of both the Mogi-model and the penny-shaped source to the vertical displacement data, our critical evaluation of the implied source properties forces us to reject these models. We propose instead a vertical prolate spheroid located about 800 m East of Pozzuoli at a depth of 2.9 km (95% confidence bound 2.0 to 4.2 km) with an aspect ratio of 0.51 (95% bounds 0.37–0.69) as a more appropriate source model. This model best accounts for the criteria employed and the observed deformation between 1981 and 2001. Combined with results from the inversion of gravity change data (1982–1984) for the spheroidal source, we infer a hybrid nature of the source including both magmatic and hydrothermal components.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 132– 145
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): caldera unrest ; geodesy ; data inversion ; magma ; hydrothermal system ; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
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  • 33
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    The Magma feeding system of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy)strato-volcano:new inferences from a review of geochemical and Sr,Nd,Pb and O isotope data. Volcanism in the Campania Plain: Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ignimbrites (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A large database of major, trace and isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) data exists for rocks produced by the volcanic activity of Somma-Vesuvius volcano. Variation diagrams strongly suggest a major role for evolutionary processes such as fractional crystallization, contamination, crystal trapping and magma mixing, occurring after magma genesis in the mantle. Most mafic magmas are enriched in LILE (K, Rb, Ba), REE (Ce, Sm) and Y, show small Nb–Ta negative anomalies, and have values of Nb/Zr at about 0.15. Enrichments in LILE, REE, Nb and Ta do not correlate with Sr isotope values or degree of both K enrichment and silica undersaturation. The results indicate mantle source heterogeneity produced by slab-derived components beneath the volcano. However, the Sr isotope values of Somma-Vesuvius increase from 0.7071 up to 0.7081 with transport through the uppermost 11–12 km of the crust. The Sr isotope variation suggests that the crustal component affected the magmas during ascent through the lithosphere to the surface. Our new geochemical assessment based on chemical, isotopic and fluid inclusion data points to the existence of three main levels of magma storage. Two of the levels are deep and may represent long-lived reservoirs, and an uppermost crustal level that probably coincides with the volcanic conduit. The deeper level of magma storage is deeper than 12 km and fed the 1944 AD eruption. The intermediate level coincides with the seismic discontinuity detected by Zollo et al. (1996) at about 8 km. This intermediate level supplies magmas with 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.7071 and 0.7074, and δO18 8‰ that typically erupted both during interplinian (i.e. 1906 AD) and sub-plinian (472 AD, 1631 AD) events. The shallowest level of magma storage at about 5 km was the site of magma chambers for the Pompei and Avellino eruptions. New investigations are necessary to verify the proposed magma feeding system.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 183-204
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 34
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    An upper bound on the rate of strain in the Central Apennines, Italy, from triangulation measurements between 1869 and 1963 (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Italy is covered by a first-order triangulation network that was established between 1869 and 1908 and re-measured in patches between 1936 and 1963. We analyse the measurements made in the central part of Italy to form an estimate of the rate of strain in the Central Apennines. We conclude that the rate of strain in this region is too small to detect from the repeated triangulation measurement. This result places an upper bound of about 10(exp-7)/yr on the strain rate of the Central Apennines, and implies that the maximum rate of extension across the region is no higher than about 3 mm/yr.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 261-267
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Apennines; strain; extension tectonics; triangulation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
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  • 35
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    Elemental and isotope covariation of noble gases in mineral phases from Etnean volcanics erupted during 2001–2005, and genetic relation with peripheral gas discharges (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: During 2001–2005, Mount Etna was characterized by intense eruptive activity involving the emission of petrologically different products from several vents, which involved at least two types of magma with different degrees of evolution. We investigated the ratios and abundances for noble-gas isotopes in fluid inclusions trapped in olivines and pyroxenes in the erupted products. We confirm that olivine has the most efficient crystalline structure for preserving the pristine composition of entrapped gases, while pyroxene can suffer diffusive He loss. Both the minerals also experience noble gas air contamination after eruption. Helium isotopes of the products genetically linked to the two different magmas fall in the isotopic range typical of the Etnean volcanism. This result is compatible with the metasomatic process that the Etnean mantle is undergoing by fluids from the Ionian slab during the last ten kyr, as previously inferred by isotope and trace element geochemistry. Significant differences were also observed among olivines of the same parental magma that erupted throughout 2001–2005, with 3He/4He ratios moving from about 7.0 Ra in 2001 volcanites, to 6.6 Ra in 2004–2005 products. Changes in He abundances and isotope ratios were attributed to variations in protracted degassing of the same magma bodies from the 2001 to the 2004–2005 events, with the latter lacking any contribution of undegassed magma. The decrease in 3He/4He is similar to that found from measurements carried out every fifteen days during the same period in gases discharged at the periphery of the volcano. To our knowledge this is the first time that such a comparison has been performed so in detail, and provides strong evidence of the real-time feeding of peripheral emissions by magmatic degassing.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 683-690
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): fluid inclusions ; noble gases ; helium isotopes ; magma degassing ; olivine ; pyroxene ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 36
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    Geochemical evaluation of observed changes in volcanic activity during the 2007 eruption at Stromboli (Italy) (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: On February 27, 2007 a new eruption started at Stromboli that lasted until April 2 and included a paroxysmal explosion on March 15. Geochemical monitoring carried out over several years revealed some appreciable variations that preceded both the eruption onset and the explosion. The carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from the soil at Pizzo Sopra La Fossa markedly increased a few days before the eruption onset, and continued during lava effusion to reach its maximum value (at 90,000 g m−2 d−1) a few days before the paroxysm. Almost contemporarily, the δ13CCO2 of the SC5 fumarole located in the summit area increased markedly, peaking just before the explosion (δ13CCO2~−1.8‰). Following the paroxysm, helium (He) isotopes measured in the gases dissolved in the basal thermal aquifer sharply increased. Almost contemporarily, the automatic station of CO2 flux recorded an anomalous degassing rate. Also temperatures and the vertical thermal gradient, which had been measured since November 2006 in the soil at Pizzo Sopra La Fossa, showed appreciable variabilities that lasted until the end of the eruption. The geochemical variations indicated the degassing of a new batch of volatile-rich magma that preceded and probably fed the paroxysm. The anomalous 3He/4He ratio suggested that the ascent of a second batch of volatile-rich magma toward the surface was probably responsible of the resumption of the ordinary activity. A comparison with the geochemical variations observed during the 2002–2003 eruption indicated that the 2007 eruption was less energetic.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 246-254
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): geochemistry ; eruption ; dissolved gases ; Stromboli ; volcanic activity ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 37
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    Evidence of a recent input of magmatic gases into the quiescent volcanic edifice of Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: On 2nd/3rd November 2002, a huge amount of gas, mainly composed of CO2, was suddenly released from the sea bottom off the coast of Panarea, producing a ‘‘crater’’20 by 10 meters wide and 7 meters deep. The gas output was estimated to be 109 l/d, two orders of magnitude higher than that measured in the 1980s. The anomalous degassing rate lasted for some weeks, slowly decreasing to an almost constant rate of about 4 x 107 l/d after two months. The geothermo- barometric estimations revealed an increase of both the temperature and pressure in the geothermal system feeding the sampled vents. The 3He/4He ratios were similar to those measured in nearby Stromboli. We have monitored the area for the last two decades, and based on our intensive and extensive geochemical measurements, have ascertained that the geothermal reservoir has lost its steady state. We maintain that a new magmatic input caused these phenomena.
    Beschreibung: - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy. - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. - Dipartimento Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni, Palermo, Italy.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: L07619
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Submarine degassing ; magmatic fluids ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 38
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    Trace metal modeling of groundwater–gas–rock interactions in a volcanic aquifer: Mount Vesuvius, Southern Italy (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report a detailed study of trace metals in groundwaters from the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex and present a model of the chemical processes that control the fate of these components during gas–water–rock interactions. Trace metal concentrations in Vesuvian groundwaters range from 0.01 to 0.1 Ag/l for ultra-trace elements (Sb, Cs, Co, Cd, and Pb) up to 0.1–10 mg/l for minor elements (Fe and Sr), leading to water–rock ratios from ~0.5 to 10 9 when normalized to trace element concentrations in the host rocks. Our results indicate non-isochemical dissolution of local volcanic rocks by groundwaters,during which mobile trace elements (As, Se, Mo, V, Li) are enriched and elements such as Al, Pb, Co, and Mn are depleted in the aqueous phase compared to the pristine composition of unleached rocks. Speciation computation and mineral–solution equilibria provide insights into the processes controlling the abundance and mobility of both major and trace elements in the fluids and allow quantitative modeling of gas–water–rock interactions. This latter was done using a forward reaction path model based on the principle of irreversible reactions involving minerals and aqueous solutions (Helgeson, H.C., 1968. Evaluation of irreversible reactions in geochemical processes involving minerals and aqueous solutions: I. Thermodynamic relations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 32, 853–877), and incorporating transition-state theory to account for rates of mineral dissolution reactions (Aagaard, P., Helgeson, H.C., 1982. Thermodynamic and kinetic constraints on reaction rates among minerals and aqueous solutions, 1. Theoretical considerations. Amer. J. Sci., 282, 237–285). The EQ3NR/6 software package (Wolery, T.J.,1994. EQ3NR, Letter report: EQ3/6 version 8.0. Differences from version 7. UCRL_ID_129749, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California) was used to simulate the reaction paths and the aqueous concentrations of trace elements with increasing extent of rock weathering. Fairly good matching between the modeled and analytical groundwater compositions supports the validity of our approach and provides reliable information on the main sources and sinks of trace metals during gas–water–rock interactions in the volcanic aquifer of Vesuvius.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 289– 311
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): trace elements ; Vesuvius ; EQ3/6 ; kinetics ; weathering ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 39
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    Genesis of fumarolic emissions as inferred by isotope mass balances: CO2 and water at Vulcano Island, Italy (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We have developed a quantitative model of CO2 and H2O isotopic mixing between magmatic and hydrothermal gases for the fumarolic emissions of the La Fossa crater (Vulcano Island, Italy). On the basis of isotope balance equations, the model takes into account the isotope equilibrium between H2O and CO2 and extends the recent model of chemical and energy two-end-member mixing by Nuccio et al. (1999). As a result,the H2O and CO2 content and the dD, d18O, and d13C isotope compositions for both magmatic and hydrothermal end-members have been assessed. Low contributions of meteoric steam, added at a shallow depth, have been also recognized and quantified in the fumaroles throughout the period from 1988 to 1998. Nonequilibrium oxygen isotope exchange also seems to be occurring between ascending gases and wall rocks along some fumarolic conduits. The d13CCO2 of the magmatic gases varies around -3 to 1‰ vs. Peedee belemnite (PDB), following a perfect synchronism with the variations of the CO2 concentration in the magmatic gases. This suggests a process of isotope fractionation because of vapor exsolution caused by magma depressurization. The hydrogen isotopes in the magmatic gases (-1 to -35‰ vs. standard mean ocean water [SMOW]), as well as the above d13CCO2 value, are coherent with a convergent tectonic setting of magma generation, where the local mantle is widely contaminated by fluids released from the subducted slab. Magma contamination in the crust probably amplifies this effect. The computed isotope composition of carbon and hydrogen in the hydrothermal vapors has been used to calculate the dD and d13C of the entire hydrothermal system, including mixed H2O-CO2 vapor, liquid water, and dissolved carbon. We have computed values of about 10‰ vs. SMOW for water and -2 to -6.5‰ vs. PDB for CO2. On these grounds, we think that Mediterranean marine water (dDH2O 10‰) feeds the hydrothermal system. It infiltrates at depth throughout the local rocks, reaching oxygen isotope equilibrium at high temperatures. Interaction processes between magmatic gases and the evolving seawater also seem to occur, causing the dissolution of isotopically fractionated aqueous CO2 and providing the source for hydrothermal carbon. These results have important implications concerning fluid circulation beneath Vulcano and address the more convenient routine of geochemical surveillance.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 759–772
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): isotope geochemistry ; volcanic gases ; mixing modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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    Influence of volcanic activity on spring water chemistry at Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The results of the 7 years (1994-2000) of monthly monitoring of spring water before and during eruptions show response to volcanic activity. Low salinity and temperature characterize most of the springs, which are located on the flanks of Popocatepetl Volcano. The pH ranges from 5.8 to 7.8 and temperature from 3 to 36 jC. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic data show that the water is of meteoric origin, but SO4 2 , Cl , F , HCO3 , B, and SO4 2- /Cl- variations precede main eruptive activity, which is considered linked to influx of magmatic gases and acid fluids that react with sublimates and host rock and mix with the large water system. Na +, Ca2 + , SiO2 and Mg2 + concentrations in the water also increased before eruptive activity. The computed partial pressure of CO2 in equilibrium with spring waters shows values higher than air-saturated water (ASW), with the highest values up to 0.73 bar of pCO2. Boron is detected in the water only preceding the larger eruptions. When present, boron concentration is normally under health standard limits, but in two cases the concentration was slightly above. Other components are within health standard limits, except for F- in one spring.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 207– 229
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Volcano monitoring ; Spring water chemistry ; Popocatepetl ; Mexico ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 41
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    Crustal motion along the Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: We investigate crustal deformation along the Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary in Calabria and Sicily revealed by the GPS velocity field obtained by the combination of continuous site velocities with previous results from episodic campaigns. We recognize two distinct crustal domains characterized by different motions and styles of deformation. Convergence in Sicily is taken up by crustal shortening along the former Tyrrhenian back arc passive margin, in agreement with seismological data and geological evidence of recent cessation of deformation along the Plio-Pleistocene subduction front. The analysis of the GPS data and the consistency between earthquake slip vectors and convergence direction suggest that Eu-Nu convergence in Sicily does not require intermediate crustal blocks. Significant Eurasia ( 3 mm/yr to NNE) and Nubia-fixed ( 5 mm/yr to ESE) residual velocities in Calabria suggest instead the presence of an intermediate crustal block which can be interpreted as a forearc sliver or as an independent Ionian block. According to the first hypothesis, subduction is still active in the Ionian wedge, although we find no evidence for active back arc spreading in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The N115 E oriented Sicily-Calabria GPS relative motion is consistent with the extension observed during the 1908 Mw 7.1 Messina earthquake. We suggest that up to 3 mm/yr ( 80%) of this estimated relative motion between Sicily and the Calabrian Arc may be taken up in the Messina Straits.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-16
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): GPS ; Calabria, Sicily, Active tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
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  • 42
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    Active crustal extension in the central Apennines (Italy) (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present the first GPS estimate of crustal extension in the central Apennines (Italy) through the analysis of the deformation of a sub-network of the National GPS Geodetic network IGM95 in the interval 1994–1999. The selected sub-network spans the entire active deformation belt perpendicularly to its axis and allows the evaluation of (1) the total extension rate absorbed in this sector of the Apennines and (2) the seismogenic potential of the normal faults active in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene interval within the network. Results of this reoccupation are consistent with an extensional strain rate of 0.18×10−6 yr−1 concentrated in an area of about 35 km width, giving an average extension rate of 6±2 mm/yr across the central Apennines. The pattern of active deformation suggests active elastic strain accumulation on the westernmost of the two fault systems active in the Late Pleistocene-Holocene interval and may also suggest the presence of another active fault system not recognized so far.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2121-2124
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): GPS ; Apennines, Active extension ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
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  • 43
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    Dynamics of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy) investigated by a dense GPS network (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: Mount Etna has developed at the intersection of two regional tectonic lineaments, the NNW–SSE trending Hybleo–Maltese escarpment, which separates the thick inland continental crust of the African platform from the Ionian Mesozoic oceanic crust, and the NE–SW Messina–Fiumefreddo fault that marks a rift zone between south Calabria and north-eastern Sicily, extending as far as the Mt. Etna area. All tectonic features affect, with outstanding surface features, the eastern side of the volcano. The eastern flank of the volcano is affected by a long-term motion toward ESE. In 1997, in order to increase the detail of the ground deformation pattern on the lower eastern flank of Mt. Etna, a new GPS network, the “Ionica” network, was installed on this sector of the volcano. This GPS network consists of 24 stations and covers the lower eastern flank of the volcano from the town of Catania to Taormina and from the coastline up to an altitude of about 1300 m. All the new stations consist in self-centring benchmarks; this kind of benchmark allows all station set-up errors to be avoided. Before the merging of the Ionica network to the frame of the global GPS network of Mt. Etna (in June 2001), three surveys were carried out on this network: in September 1997, August 1998 and January 2001. From the ground deformation pattern, it is possible to distinguish two different sectors, showing different characteristics of deformation. The southern part of the network shows a more uniform distribution of the vertical motion with a mean SE-ward horizontal component while the northern one shows an heterogeneous vertical motion with a ESE-ward horizontal component. Furthermore, a higher velocity is detected between 1997 and 1998, due to the additional stress induced by a shallow intrusion on the NW flank of the volcano. The model resulting from data inversions defines a wide sliding plane beneath the entire eastern flank of the volcano with a low dip angle. The expected velocity vectors fit well the observed ones, even if the measured velocities are still quite higher than expected, at lowermost stations. The vertical inclination of the velocity vectors measured during the 1998–2001 period, gradually decreases from West to East suggesting a sort of rotational movement of the south-eastern flank, interrupted by some anomalous vectors on the lower part, that show higher vertical velocities. These anomalies, being located on a wedge defined by the intersection of the main NNW–SSE and NE–SW fault systems and near the Timpe faults, are probably due to the activity of the vertical faults cutting the lower eastern flank of Mt. Etna. Stations lying on the hanging wall and on the footwall of the Timpe fault system are affected by similar horizontal displacements, meaning that these structures are moving eastwards together with the sliding flank; this evidence suggests that the Timpe faults are probably second order structures, with respect to the detachment surface. These results depict a structural framework of the eastern flank of Mt. Etna in which the low angle dislocation can be considered as a first order approximation of an actual listric plane and the current active part of the Timpe fault system is confined above the detachment surface.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 357-369
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): ground deformation ; flank dynamics ; volcano–tectonics ; Etna volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 44
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    Coseismic and postseismic displacements related with the 1997 earthquake sequence in Umbria-Marche (central Italy) (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We study the coseismic and postseismic displacements related with the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake sequence by means of leveling lines along a deformed aqueduct located in the epicentral area. Comparing the 1960 and 10/1997 measurements we obtain 0.49 0.10 m of coseismic displacement distributed along 3 km across the normal fault zone. Modeling of the coseismic surface dislocation is obtained from a combination of low angle (38°) faults at depth and high angle (80°) upper fault branches. The best fit model indicates that the upper branches stop at 0.4 km below the ground surface and have 60% of slip with respect to the lower faults. The postseismic displacement measured during 1998 is 0.18 m and represents 36% of the apparent coseismic deformation. Moderate earthquakes in the Apennines and related surface deformation may thus result from curved faults that reflect the brittle-elastic properties of the uppermost crustal structures.
    Beschreibung: Data collection was made while both authors were at Istituto di Ricerca per la Tettonica Recente – CNR (GNDT Project), Roma, Italy. M. Copparoni (ASM, Foligno) and M. Raponi and S. Pacico (Studio Topografico s.n.c., Foligno) provided data about aqueduct and leveling lines. Analysis of data and modeling were done while RB was visiting EOST-IPG, Strasbourg, France. Preparation of the paper benefited from discussion with R. Armijo, S. Barba, P. Gomez and G. Valensise. A. Amato and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for their constructive remarks.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2695–2698
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Coseismic displacement ; postseismic displacement ; earthquake fault ; Colfiorito, Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
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  • 45
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    Active tectonics of the Adriatic region from GPS and earthquake slip vectors (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: To investigate the kinematics of the Adriatic region we integrate continuous and episodic GPS measurements and ${M_w} 〉 4.5$ earthquake slip vectors selected from the Regional Centroid Moment Tensor (RCMT) catalogue. Coherent motion of GPS sites in the Po Valley, in Apulia and in the Hyblean Plateau allows us to estimate geodetically constrained angular velocities for these regions. The predictions of the GPS-inferred angular velocities are compared with the earthquake slip vectors, showing that the seismically-expressed deformation at the microplate boundaries is consistent with the observed geodetic motion. The remarkable consistency between geodetic, seismological and geological evidence of active tectonics, suggests that active deformation in the Central Adriatic is controlled by the relative motion between the Adria and Apulia microplates. The microplates angular rotation rates are then compared with the rotation rates calculated with a simple block model supporting the hypotheses (1) that Apulia forms a single microplate with the Ionian Sea and possibly with the Hyblean region and (2) that Adria and Apulia rotate in such a way as to accommodate the Eurasia-Nubia relative motion. We suggest that the present-day microplate configuration follows a recent fragmentation of the Adriatic promontory that during the Neogene rigidly transferred the Africa motion to the orogenic belts that now surround the Adriatic region.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: B12413
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Adria ; GPS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
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  • 46
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    Nitrogen Isotopes in Volcanic Fluids of Different Geodynamic Settings (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Nitrogen isotopes , N2/36Ar and 3He/4He were measured in volcanic fluids within different geodynamic settings. Subduction zones are represented by Aeolian archipelago, Mexican volcanic belt and Hellenic arc, spreading zones – by Socorro island in Mexico and Iceland and hot spots by Iceland and Islands of Cabo Verde. The δ15N values, corrected for air contamination of volcanic fluids, discharged from Vulcano Island (Italy), highlighted the presence of heavy nitrogen (around +4.3 ±0.5‰). Similar 15N values (around +5‰), have been measured for the fluids collected in the Jalisco Block, that is a geologically and tectonically complex forearc zone of the northwestern Mexico [1]. Positive values (15N around +3‰) have been also measured in the volcanic fluids discharged from Nysiros island located in the Ellenic Arc characterized by subduction processes. All uncorrected data for the Socorro island are in the range of -1 to -2‰. The results of raw nitrogen isotope data of Iceland samples reveal more negative isotope composition (about -4.4‰). On the basis of the non-atmospheric N2 fraction (around 50%) the corrected data of 15N for Iceland are around -16‰, very close to the values proposed by [2]. In a volcanic gas sample from Fogo volcano (Cabo Verde islands) we found a very negative value: -9.9‰ and -15‰ for raw and corrected values, respectively.
    Beschreibung: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Davos, Switzerland
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen Isotopes ; Helium Isotopes ; Volcanic fluids ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 47
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    Volcanic signature of volatile trace elements on atmospheric deposition at Mt. Etna, Italy (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Volcanic volatiles and aerosol emitted into the atmosphere ultimately fall on the Earth’s surface as wet or dry deposition, and they can influence the environment and the ecosystems at local and regional scales. Therefore, atmospheric deposition plays a key-role in the geochemical cycles, redistributing volcanogenic elements to the ground. For this reason, estimating the volcanogenic trace element fluxes from the atmosphere to the surface is necessary for a better knowledge of the environmental impact of the volcanic emissions. Nevertheless, from a literature review, we have recognized the scarcity of investigation on trace element deposition in the surroundings of active volcanoes. Here, we present a chemical characterization of bulk deposition around Mt. Etna, Italy, including both major and many trace elements. Bulk depositions were collected approximately fortnightly, from April 2006 to December 2007, using a network of five rain gauges, located at various altitudes on the upper flanks around the summit craters of the volcano. For most elements highest concentrations have been found close to the emission vent, confirming the prevailing volcanic contribution to rainwater composition close to the summit craters. Comparison with contemporaneously collected plume emissions shows that deposition processes produce no evident element-to-element fractionation. By contrast, comparison with whole rock composition indicates a contrasting behaviour between volatile elements, which are highly-enriched in rainwater, and refractory elements, which have low rainwater/whole rock concentration ratios. Chemical concentrations in bulk deposition were used to estimate the deposition rates of a large suite of elements. Deposition rates for volatile trace elements like Se, As, and Cd range from 1.7, 1.2 and 0.9 µg m-2 day-1 nearby to the summit vents, to 0.5, 0.3, and 0.1 µg m-2 day-1 at the local background site on the upwind western sector.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Davos, Switzerland
    Beschreibung: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): trace metals ; atmospheric deposition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
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  • 48
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    Volcanic unrest of the Colli Albani (central Italy) detected by GPS monitoring test (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Colli Albani volcanic complex, located in central Italy about 15km SE of Rome, has been dominated by periodic eruptive histories started about 561 ka and ending with the most recent and voluminous activity of the Albano maar (〈70 ka) phase. Earthquakes of moderate intensity, gas emissions and significant ground deformations are the recent evidences of a residual activity. We decided to start a monitoring test by installing as first step three GPS permanent stations on the volcanic structure, in sites easily accessible. The analysis of about 2 years of GPS observations has evidenced a peculiar velocity pattern of the Colli Albani stations with respect to those located nearby, but outside the volcano edifice. With respect to Eurasia, the horizontal velocities are NE directed with magnitudes of 2.2±1.4mm/year (RDPI), 3.0±0.8mm/year (RMPO) and 3.3±1.2mm/year (NEMI). The uplift rates are determined with minor accuracy and range from 3.3 and 6.0mm/year. We used a non-linear inversion algorithm to determine the best-fit parameters for a Mogi spherical source based on the Levenberg–Marquardt least squares approach. The best-fit is obtained with a source at 4.6km depth beneath thewestern flank of the volcano and a volume variation of 3.6×10−4 km3/year. This result is in agreement with the volume rate retrieved by PS-InSAR technique and rather different from the rate inferred from leveling surveys. Consequently, non-linear trends of the hydrothermal system charge cannot be excluded apriori and the continuous GPS monitoring should be considered a priority in assessing the hazard of the Colli Albani.
    Beschreibung: This work has been partially supported by the Dept. of Civil Protection, Project DPC115 V3 Colli Albani.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 79-87
    Beschreibung: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Colli Albani ; GPS ; Volcano monitoring ; Mogi source ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
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  • 49
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    Measurements of 220Rn and 222Rn and CO2 emissions in soil and fumarole gases on Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Implications for gas transport and shallow ground fracture (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: Measurements of 220Rn and 222Rn activity and of CO2 flux in soil and fumaroles were carried out on Mount Etna volcano in 2005–2006, both in its summit area and along active faults on its flanks. We observe an empirical relationship between (220Rn/222Rn) and CO2 efflux. The higher the flux of CO2, the lower the ratio between 220Rn and 222Rn. Deep sources of gas are characterized by high 222Rn activity and high CO2 efflux, whereas shallow sources are indicated by high 220Rn activity and relatively low CO2 efflux. Excess 220Rn highlights sites of ongoing shallow rock fracturing that could be affected by collapse, as in the case of the rim of an active vent. Depletion both in 220Rn and in CO2 seems to be representative of residual degassing along recently active eruptive vents.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (S.G., M.N.) and by the Dipartimento per la Protezione Civile (Italy), projects V3_6/28-Etna (M.N.) and V5/08-Diffuse degassing in Italy (S.G.), and NSF EAR 063824101 (K.W.W.S.).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Q10001
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): radon ; thoron ; carbon dioxide ; rock stress ; gas transport ; Mount Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 50
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    Surface movements in Bologna (Po Plain — Italy) detected by multitemporal DInSAR (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-10-18
    Beschreibung: We studied the surface deformations affecting the southeastern sector of the Po Plain sedimentary basin, in particular the area of Bologna. To this aim an advanced DInSAR technique, referred to as DInSAR–SBAS (Small BAseline Subset), has been applied. This technique allows monitoring the temporal evolution of a deformation phenomenon, via the generation of mean deformation velocity maps and displacement time series from a data set of acquired SAR images. In particular, we have processed a set of SAR data acquired by the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) sensors and compared the achieved results with optical levelling measurements, assumed as reference. The surface displacements detected by DInSAR SBAS from 1992 to 2000 are between 10 mm/year in the historical part of Bologna town, and up to 59 mm/year in the NE industrial and agricultural areas. Former measurements from optical levelling referred to 1897 show 2–3 mm/year vertical movements. This trend of displacement increased in the second half of the 20th century and the subsidence rate reached 60 mm/year. We compared the more recent levelling campaigns (in 1992 and late 1999) and DInSAR results from 1992 to 1999. The standard deviation of the difference between levelling data, projected onto the satellite Line Of Sight, and DInSAR results is 2 mm/year. This highlights a good agreement between the measurements provided by two different techniques. The explanation of soil movements based on interferometric results, ground data and geological observations, allowed confirming the anthropogenic cause (surface effect due to the overexploitation of the aquifers) and highlights a natural, tectonic, subsidence.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 304-316
    Beschreibung: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): InSAR ; surface deformation ; SAR interferometry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 51
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    Evidence for Holocenic uplift at Somma-Vesuvius (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-16
    Beschreibung: Detailed stratigraphical, archaeological, micropalaeontological, archaeometrical and petrochemical analyses of samples from trenches and boreholes at insula of Casti Amanti, in Pompeii, allowed a faithful reconstruction of the recent environmental evolution of the site. The present data clearly indicate the alternation of both subaerial and shallow marine conditions during Holocene times. Taking into account the relative local sea level variations, a ~30 m ground uplift event in the last 6 kyr (with an average vertical uplift rate of ~5 mm/yr) was inferred for the first time.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 451–461
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): ground uplift ; Somma-Vesuvius ; Pompeii ; Holocene ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 52
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    Volcanogenic fluorine in rainwater around active degassing volcanoes: Mt. Etna and Stromboli Island, Italy (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-24
    Beschreibung: Many studies have assessed the strong influence of volcanic activity on the surrounding environment. This is particularly true for strong gas emitters such as Mt. Etna and Stromboli volcanoes. Among volcanic gases, fluorine compounds are potentially very harmful. Fluorine cycling through rainwater in the above volcanic areas was studied analysing more than 400 monthly bulk samples. Data indicate that only approximately 1% of fluorine emission through the plume is deposited on the two volcanic areas by meteoric precipitations. Although measured bulk rainwater fluorine fluxes are comparable to and sometimes higher than in heavily polluted areas, their influence on the surrounding vegetation is limited. Only annual crops, in fact, show some damage that could be an effect of fluorine deposition, indicating that long-living endemic plant species or varieties have developed some kind of resistance.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 175–185
    Beschreibung: partially_open
    Schlagwort(e): Fluorine ; Rainwater chemistry ; Volcanic activity ; Mt. Etna ; Stromboli Island ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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