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  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Springer  (415)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Annual Reviews
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Physics
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (165)
  • 1990-1994  (185)
  • 1980-1984  (65)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of types I, II, and III collagens in the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament of the human cervical spine (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Anticollagen antibodies ; Collagen types ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ossified posterior longitudinal ligament
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of types I, II, and III collagen in the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine was studied using type-specific anticollagen antibodies. In contrast to the normal ligament which contains both types I and III collagens, the ossified matrix, composed of lamellar bone, contains only type I collagen, except for Haversian canals where type III is located in the inner wall. In the transitional region of preossifying ligaments, types III and I are both present. Type II collagen is present in the hyperplastic matrix of the ligament, and cartilage-like cells surrounded by type II collagen are aligned along nonossified ligaments adjacent to the preossifying region. A possible mechanism of matrix transition during the ossification process is given attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405024
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of Chaperonin 60 and Chaperonin 10 in primary and secondary bacterial symbionts of aphids: Implications for the evolution of an endosymbiotic system in aphids (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 36 (1993), S. 568-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Aphids ; Endosymbiosis ; Symbionin ; Chaperonin 60 ; Chaperonin 10 ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Primary symbiont ; Secondary symbiont ; Endosymbiotic evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary All aphids harbor symbiotrophic prokaryotes (“primary symbionts”) in a specialized-abdominal cell, the bacteriocyte. Chaperonin 60 (Cpn60, symbionin) and chaperonin 10 (Cpn10), which are high and low molecular weight heatshock proteins, were sought in tissues of more than 60 aphid species. The endosymbionts were compared immunologically and histologically. It was demonstrated that (1) there are two types of aphids in terms of the endosymbiotic system: some with only primary symbionts and others with, in addition, secondary symbionts; (2) the primary symbionts of various aphids are quite similar in morphology whereas the secondary symbionts vary; and (3) irrespective of the aphid species, Cpn60 is abundant in both the primary and secondary symbionts, while Cpn10 is abundant in the secondary symbionts but present in small amounts in the primary ones. Based on these results, we suggest that the primary symbionts have been derived from a prokaryote that was acquired by the common ancestor of aphids whereas the secondary symbionts have been acquired by various aphids independently after divergence of the aphid species. In addition, we point out the possibility that the prokaryotes under intracellular conditions have been subject to some common evolutionary pressures, and as a result, have come to resemble cell organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00556361
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptidergic innervation of leg muscles of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), and a possible role in modulation of muscle contraction (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 425-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: FaRPs ; FMRFamide Nervous system Skeletal muscle ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract FMRFamide-related peptides of insects are particularly important because of their possible function as neurohormones and neuromodulators on a wide variety of tissues. Part of this study was an investigation of the immunofluorescent staining of motor nerves which arise in the metathoracic ganglion, examined in wholemount using an antiserum that recognizes extended -RFamide peptides (generally recognized to be of the FMRFamide family). This antiserum revealed immunochemical staining of numerous cell bodies in the metathoracic ganglion and of axons in peripheral nerve 5, a large nerve which contains both motor and sensory fibres. Axons staining positive for FMRFamide-related peptides were traced in nerve 5 as far as the femur-tibia joint, and into the first (sensory-motor) and third (motor only) ramus of nerve 5. Reverse-phase HPLC with radioimmunoassay revealed a peak of FMRFamide-related peptide activity in nerve 5 that was coincident with a peak found when thoracic ganglia were processed in the same fashion. A physiological assay was devised to test the ability of various non-native peptides to alter the characteristics of contraction of skeletal muscles of the legs. Using neurally evoked contractions of coxal depressor muscles of the metathoracic leg it was determined that several non-native peptides could potentiate muscle contractions. The results of this study suggest that muscles of the legs receive innervation by identifiable, FMRFamide-related peptide-containing neurons and that the release of peptide(s) at the muscle may be yet another method of modulating the mechanics of muscle contraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219067
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic depletion of histamine from the nervous system of Drosophila eliminates specific visual and mechanosensory behavior (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 763-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Neurotransmitter ; Mutants ; Immunohistochemistry ; Behavior ; Insecta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of histamine as a fast neuro-transmitter of imaginai insect photoreceptors is firmly established. In adult Drosophila, histamine is also found in mechanosensory receptors of cuticular hair sensilla and in a small number of nonreceptor neurons in head and body ganglia. Here we investigate the function of histamine by immunohistochemical and behavioral analysis of mutants deficient in the hdc gene that codes for histidine decarboxylase. The allele hdc JK910 appears to be a null mutation, as histamine immunoreactivity is almost entirely eliminated. Homozygous flies are blind in various behavioral paradigms. Mutant larvae, on the other hand, show normal photokinetic responses. Thus, adult Drosophila photoreceptors most likely utilize only a single substance, histamine, as a neurotransmitter, whereas larval photoreceptors apparently employ a different transmitter. With the alleles hdc p211 , hdc p217 , and hdc p218 , variable amounts of histamine are found in photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors, but no histamine could be detected in any of the nonreceptor neurons. These mutants show various degrees of visual and mechanosensory impairment, as determined by quantitative behavioral assays. We conclude that histamine is required for normal function of cuticular hair sensilla and for efficient grooming of the body surface. Thus, in Drosophila, histamine represents a major functional neurotransmitter for mechanosensory receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207355
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octopaminergic neurons in the locust brain: morphological, biochemical and electrophysiological characterisation of potential modulators of the visual system (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 611-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Cobalt staining ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insect ; Neuromodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The two Protocerebral-Medulla 4 neurons (PM4a and b) in the locust brain have adjacent cell bodies in the medial deutocerebrum. They project through the posterior protocerebrum, forming limited arborisations en route, and enter the lobula and medulla of the ipsilateral optic lobe, where they form extensive, overlapping arborisations. The PM4a and b neurons are octopamine immunoreactive. Their octopamine content (approximately 25 pg per cell) is confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; each cell contains approximately 25 pg p-octopamine. Simultaneous intracellular recording from exposed PM4a and b cell bodies reveals that the two cells are physiologically indistinguishable. They receive multimodal sensory inputs. Tactile/mechanosensory stimuli to much of the animal's body and head, acoustic stimuli, and simple visual stimuli all give rise to e.p.s.p.s and action potentials in the PM4 cell body. Simultaneous recording from the cell body in the deutocerebrum and the axon in the lobula demonstrates that action potentials are predominantly initiated in the deutocerebrum and propagate centrifugally, towards the optic lobe. Occasionally, bright light flashes will initiate an action potential in the axon in the optic stalk, which probably propagates bidirectionally: centripetally to the cell body, and centrifugally into the optic lobe. The extensive arborisations in the lobula and medulla are therefore likely to be sites of octopamine release. Because PM4 neurons are octopaminergic, project to the optic lobe, and receive modalities of sensory input known to dishabituate the Descending Contralateral Movement Detector (DCMD) visual interneuron, it is proposed that PM4 neurons are neuromodulatory — mediating dishabituation or arousal of the visual system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207190
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uteroglobin and the accumulation of progesterone in the uterine lumen of the rabbit (1981)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 190 (1981), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Uteroglobin ; Radioimmunoassay ; Progesterone ; Osmotic minipumps ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to determine whether the influx of progesterone into the uterine lumen of the rabbit, in the preimplantation period, is dependent onuteroglobin (UGL). Rabbits were ovariectomized and, three months later, treated with two defferent doses of progesterone. Purified UGL was injected into one uterine horn and, as a control,immunoglobulin G (IgG) was injected into the other. After four days, the animals were sacrificed their uteri flushed, and the progesterone content of the washes was determined by radioimmunoassay. Animals with the lower serum progesterone level (2.8 ng/ml) had a significantly different uterine horn progesterone content. The hormone accumulation in the horn containing UGL was 2.3 to 7.5 times higher than in the horn containing IgG. Animals with a higher serum progesterone level (7.2 ng/ml) showed no differences. The hormone content was equally high in both horns, presumably due to the synthesis of endogenous UGL being reactivated by the hormone treatment. The validity of these experiments as models for the events during early pregnancy and the physiological role of progesterone available inside the uterus are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867797
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical characterization of the small proteoglycans decorin and proteoglycan-100 in heterotopic ossification (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Decorin ; Proteoglycan-100 ; Heterotopic ossification ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Heterotopic ossification is a metabolically active process which shares several properties of orthotopic bone formation and, therefore, represents an excellent model for studying bone matrix components. Immunohistochemical methods were used to investigate the distribution pattern of the small proteoglycans decorin and proteoglycan-100 during different stages of heterotopic ossification of pressure sores of paraplegic patients. Decorin and proteoglycan-100 exhibited a substantially divergent distribution pattern. Decorin was detectable in the perivascular matrix of granulation tissue as well as in the stroma of heterotopic ossification. The ossification zone was stained most strongly. In contrast, proteoglycan-100 was predominantly detectable in fibroblasts and preosteoblasts in early areas of osteogenesis. In more mature forms of heterotopic ossification immunostaining was markedly reduced in osteoblasts and osteocytes and even absent in so-called bone-lining cells. However, at least some osteoclasts were strongly positive. These results suggest indicate that decorin and proteoglycan-100 are important components during the formal pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification. The expression of the small proteoglycans, especially of proteoglycan-100, correlates with different phases during heterotopic ossification, showing a maximum for proteoglycan-100 in matrix-forming cells in early phases of bone formation, but in osteoclasts in mature bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296062
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase II in ameloblasts at maturation (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 38-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase ; Carbonic anhydrase II ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The localization of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) in rat incisor enamel organs at maturation was examined by light and electron microscopy. The immunoreactivity for both vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and CA II was intense on the ruffled border of ruffle-ended ameloblasts (RA), but moderate at the distal end of smooth-ended ameloblasts (SA). Immuno-gold particles indicated that CA II was not confined to the ruffled border of RA alone, but also distributed in the cytoplasm of RA and SA. These findings suggest that RA may secrete protons produced by CA II via the ruffled border into enamel by active transport of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase. Secreted protons may activate hydrolytic enzymes to degrade the organic components of enamel matrix. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase on vesicles of SA suggests that a specific configuration of ruffled borders in RA may be formed by the fusion of vesicle membranes in the distal end of cytoplasm of SA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310167
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of temporal variations in cytochrome P-450 isozymes in rat testis and their modifications by the inductive effects of cadinenes (1991)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 35 (1991), S. 234-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Temporal variation ; Cytochrome P-450 isozyme ; Testis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cadinenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Temporal variations in cytochrome P-450 isozymes of rat testis, PB-P-450 (forms of cytochrome P-450 strongly induced by phenobarbital) and MC-P-448 (forms of cytochrome P-450 strongly induced by 3-methylcholanthrene), were investigated immunohistochemically by the avidin-biotin-complex method using specific antibodies against PB-P-450 and MC-P-448 isozymes. Immunoreactivity to both PB-P-450 and MC-P-448 isozymes was observed in Leydig cells. The number of PB-P-450 positive Leydig cells was found to undergo significant time-of-day variation with a peak time of 0000 hours (light phase from 0800 to 2000 hours). Injection of cadinenes (300 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally at 48 and 96 h before sacrifice) induced PB-P-450 isozyme but did not induce MC-P-448 isozyme. The induction of PB-P-450 isozyme by cadinenes was time dependent, and the early dark phase (2000 and 0000 hours) was most sensitive. These results suggest that temporal variation of cytochrome P-450 isozymes is one of the important physiological variations in detoxification and activation of various xenobiotics and chemicals in the testis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047291
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of NADPH diaphorase activity and immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system of the pulmonate mollusc Helix aspersa (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: NADPH diaphorase ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Nervous system ; central ; Nervous system ; peripheral ; Immunohistochemistry ; Helix aspersa (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Enzyme histochemistry and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the distribution of neurons in the snail Helix aspersa which exhibited nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase activity and/or immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NADPH diaphorase-positive cells and fibres were distributed extensively throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. NADPH diaphorase-positive fibres were present in all neuropil regions of the central and peripheral ganglia, in the major interganglionic connectives and in peripheral nerve roots. NADPH diaphorase-positive cell bodies were found consistently in the eyes, the lips, the tentacular ganglia and the procerebral lobes of the cerebral ganglia; staining of cell bodies elsewhere in the nervous system was capricious. The distribution of NOS-like immunoreactivity differed markedly from that of NADPH diaphorase activity. Small clusters of cells which exhibited NOS-like immunoreactivity were present in the cerebral and pedal ganglia; fibres which exhibited NOS-like immunoreactivity were present in restricted regions of the neuropil of the central ganglia. The disjunct distributions of NADPH diaphorase activity and NOS-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of Helix suggest that the properties of neuronal NOS in molluscs may differ sigificantly from those described previously for vertebrate animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300230
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of mammary-derived growth inhibitor in capillary endothelial cells of the bovine mammary gland (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammary-derived growth inhibitor ; Fatty acid-binding proteins ; Differentiation ; Vascularization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mammary gland ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) has previously been localized in the mammary parencyma, dependent on the stage of differentiation of the mammary gland. Here, we have elucidated the distribution of MDGI in the mammary stroma by a combined immunohisto-and cytochemical analysis with antibodies raised against MDGI. Distinct staining of capillary endothelial cells has been revealed. Although its subcellular distribution resembles former observations in secretory epithelial cells, the expression of MDGI in capillary endothelial cells clearly precedes that in secretory epithelial cells. On the other hand, no endothelial MDGI staining has been detected in bovine heart, which contains a fatty acid-binding protein almost identical to MDGI. The localization of MDGI in the mammary capillary endothelium is discussed in terms of its possible involvement in the intracellular transport of hydrophobic ligands or in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300218
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide synthase in the gastrointestinal tract of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 433-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Enteric nervous system ; Crocodylus porosus (Crocodilia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing nerve cells in the gastrointestinal tract of a reptile and to compare it with the pattern in other vertebrate classes. In the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, NOS-positive nerve cell bodies and fibres were found in all regions of the gut examined. Most myenteric microganglia contained one or several NOS-immunoreactive neurons together with unlabelled neurons. The majority of the neurons were multipolar, ranging from 10 to 25 µm in diameter. Both the circular and the longitudinal muscle layers were innervated by NOS-immunoreactive nerve fibres, which mostly ran parallel to the muscle fibres. In addition, small blood vessels in the submucosa and on the serosal surface of the gut were innervated by NOS-immunoreactive fibres. Double labelling with antisera to NOS and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) revealed three neuronal subpopulations. A small proportion of the NOS-immunoreactive cells also contained immunoreactivity to VIP while a majority of the VIP-immunoreactive cells were NOS immunoreactive. There were more nerve fibres showing VIP immunoreactivity than fibres with NOS immunoreactivity, although most of the latter also contained immunoreactivity to VIP. VIP-immunoreactive fibres often surrounded the NOS-immunoreactive nerve cells. These results suggest that neuronally released nitric oxide is likely to be involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility in the crocodile as in most other vertebrate species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051303
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalization of hyaluronic acid and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor in mice (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 587-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Hyaluronic acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor ; Localization ; Mouse (CD-1)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The direct interaction of hyaluronic acid (HA) and heavy chain (HC) of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) family plays a critical role in the organization and stabilization of the extracellular matrix. The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the distribution of the IαI HC and HA in adult mouse tissues. An immunohistochemical method using a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against mouse IαI heavy-chain peptide and a specific probe for HA (biotinylated HA-binding protein) was used to demonstrate an immunolocalization of IαI HC and HA. Distribution and localization of HA was of three types, namely, colocalization with IαI HC itself (cartilaginous tissue and ovary), localization around IαI HC immunostaining (lung, intestine and skeletal muscle), and localization at a small distance from IαI HC or a different distribution pattern (brain, liver, skin and kidney). These results indicate that IαI HC could function as an HA-rich matrix stabilizer on the cells of cartilage and maturing ovary, in which IαI HC shows colocalization with its predominant ligand, HA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051320
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of pinopsin-immunoreactive cells in the developing quail pineal organ: an in-vivo and in-vitro immunohistochemical study (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 667-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Avian pineal organ ; Pinopsin ; Cell differentiation ; Tissue culture ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quail embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The avian pineal organ contains several types of photoreceptors with different photopigments: rhodopsin, iodopsin, and pinopsin. We have previously examined the differentiation of both rhodopsin-like and iodopsin-like immunoreactive cells during pineal development in quail embryos to determine the onset of synthesis of specific proteins and their cellular localization. In the present study, we have performed pinopsin immunohistochemistry on in-vivo developing and in-vitro cultured pineal organs of quail embryos. The results were compared with those obtained with rhodopsin and iodopsin immunohistochemistry. In the developing pineal organs, pinopsin immunoreactivity was detected at embryonic day 8, i.e. five days earlier than rhodopsin-like and iodopsin-like immunoreactivities. It was localized exclusively in the protrusions extending into the lumen throughout development, whereas rhodopsin-like and iodopsin-like immunoreactivities were usually found both in cell bodies and processes. These differences were also observed under two different types of culture conditions (dissociated cell culture and organ culture) indicating that, in the avian pineal organ, the expression pattern of the pinopsin gene is basically different from those of the other two pineal photopigments. The present study suggests that pineal cells have a mechanism for the polarized transport of pinopsin molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051326
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The antisecretory factor: synthesis and intracellular localisation in porcine tissues (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 607-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Gastrointestinal tract ; Respiratory tract ; Urogenital tract ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; mRNA ; Pig (Swedish Landrace × Yorkshire)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The antisecretory factor, AF, is a 41-kDa protein, cloned and sequenced from a human pituitary library. AF is a potent inhibitor of experimental intestinal hypersecretion in rats and pigs. An antiserum against the C-terminal of the truncated, recombinantly produced AF protein was raised in rabbits. The affinity-purified antiserum was used to study the expression of AF in mucosal membranes and in the pituitary gland of the pig; distinctly stained cells were found in lymphoid cells in the connective tissue of all parts of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts. Cytoplasmic AF was demonstrated in endocrine and epithelial cells in the pituitary gland. In situ hybridisation with a digoxigenin-labelled mRNA probe also demonstrated specific cytoplasmic staining in epithelial and lymphoid cells in all of these tissues. The cells stained by either method were similarly distributed topographically within the tissues. The results suggest that a specific defined cell population in these various tissues possesses the capability of both synthesising and storing the AF protein within the cellular cytoplasmic compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051322
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of chromogranin A and B in the endocrine cells of the alimentary tract of the green frog, Rana esculenta (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Chromogranins ; Serotonin ; Amylin ; Regulatory peptides ; Gut ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Novel monoclonal antibodies to human chromogranin A (CgA) and chromogranin B (CgB) were used to investigate the presence of immunoreactive (-IR) elements in the alimentary tract of the green frog Rana esculenta. Numerous CgA-IR and a few CgB-IR endocrine cells were found within the gut mucosa, from the oesophagus to the cloaca, with some local differences in density. Co-localization studies demonstrated that they were co-stored in almost all the serotonin-IR, the amylin-IR or islet amyloid polypeptide-IR cells and in the peptide tyrosine tyrosine-IR cells located proximal to the pylorus, but not in those located in more caudal tracts. No other co-localization was demonstrated; substances investigated included somatostatin, substance P, gastrin/cholecystokinin, glucagon, glycentin, bombesin, secretin and neurotensin. CgA-IR and CgB-IR cells nearly always displayed argyrophilia with the Grimelius silver method
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050161
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of chromogranin A and B in the endocrine cells of the alimentary tract of the green frog, Rana esculenta (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromogranins ; Serotonin ; Amylin ; Regulatory peptides ; Gut ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Novel monoclonal antibodies to human chromogranin A (CgA) and chromogranin B (CgB) were used to investigate the presence of immunoreactive (-IR) elements in the alimentary tract of the green frog Rana esculenta. Numerous CgA-IR and a few CgB-IR endocrine cells were found within the gut mucosa, from the oesophagus to the cloaca, with some local differences in density. Co-localization studies demonstrated that they were costored in almost all the serotonin-IR, the amylin-IR or islet amyloid polypeptide-IR cells and in the peptide tyrosine tyrosine-IR cells located proximal to the pylorus, but not in those located in more caudal tracts. No other co-localization was demonstrated; substances investigated included somatostatin, substance P, gastrin/cholecystokin, glucagon, glycentin, bombesin, secretin and neurotensin. CgA-IR and CgB-IR cells nearly always displayed argyrophilia with the Grimelius silver method
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327782
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  • 18
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    Immunoreactivity of the corpuscles of Stannius of the garpike, Lepisosteus osseus, to antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Corpuscles of Stannius ; Stanniocalcin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot ; Lepisosteus osseus (Holostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were localized in the corpuscles of Stannius of a holostean fish, the garpike (Lepisosteus osseus), using antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold immunohistochemical methods. The stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and antibody staining was abolished if the antiserum was preabsorbed with corpuscle homogenate. Immunocytochemistry revealed two reactive cell types in the glandular parenchyma, and immunoreactivity was confined to the secretory granules. Staining of the granules was also abolished when the antisera were blocked with crude corpuscle homogenate. When corpuscle extracts from garpike were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, a single dense band was evident with a molecular weight of ∼68 kDa under non-reducing conditions, whereas three bands were observed (∼29, ∼31, and ∼34 kDa) under reducing conditions. Staining of all bands disappeared following preabsorption of the antiserum with salmon stanniocalcin, trout stanniocalcin, or garpike corpuscle extract. The results are compared with stanniocalcins from another extant holostean, the bowfin (Amia calva), and from more modern bony fishes, the teleosts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300224
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity of the corpuscles of Stannius of the garpike, Lepisosteus osseus, to antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpuscles of Stannius ; Stanniocalcin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot ; Lepisosteus osseus (Holostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were localized in the corpuscles of Stannius of a holostean fish, the garpike (Lepisosteus osseus), using antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold immunohistochemical methods. The stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and antibody staining was abolished if the antiserum was preabsorbed with corpuscle homogenate. Immunocytochemistry revealed two reactive cell types in the glandular parenchyma, and immunoreactivity was confined to the secretory granules. Staining of the granules was also abolished when the antisera were blocked with crude corpuscle homogenate. When corpuscle extracts from garpike were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, a single dense band was evident with a molecular weight of ∼68 kDa under non-reducing conditions, whereas three bands were observed (∼29, ∼31, and ∼34 kDa) under reducing conditions. Staining of all bands disappeared following preabsorption of the antiserum with salmon stanniocalcin, trout stanniocalcin, or garpike corpuscle extract. The results are compared with stanniocalcins from another extant holostean, the bowfin (Amia calva), and from more modern bony fishes, the teleosts.
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  • 20
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    Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors during embryonic implantation in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Vascular endothelial growth factor ; flt-1 ; flk-1 ; Embryonic implantation ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction ; Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) and its receptors (flt-1 and flk-1) during the peri-implantation period (days 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 post coitus) in the golden hamster was investigated by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and the reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Three days after mating, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining revealed weak VEGF expression only in the uterine epithelium; this expression was similar to that seen at oestrus. Flt-1 but no flk-1 immunoreactivity was observed. At day 4, the subepithelial stroma and embryo displayed immunoreactivity for VEGF and flt-1, whereas endothelial cells expressed both flt-1 and flk-1. At day 5, immunoreactivity for both VEGF and its receptors was detected in decidual cells and vascular endothelial cells. Only a few embryonic cells expressed VEGF mRNA but strong signals were noted in decidual cells. The patterns of VEGF and VEGF receptor expression were the same in the day-6 and day-7 embryos and decidua, except for an increase in intensity as development progressed. Based on these findings, we conclude that, in addition to its known actions on endometrial angiogenesis and tissue swelling, VEGF may also facilitate the proliferation and differentiation of the endometrium and help to sustain the avascular embryo during this early stage of development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051294
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  • 21
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    Elongated pericyte-like cells connect discrete capillaries in the cochlear stria vascularis of gerbils and rats (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Basal lamina ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal laser microscopy ; Cochlea ; Mongolian gerbil ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Bridging structures between discrete capillaries in the stria vascularis of the cochlea were studied morphologically in gerbils and rats. Serial thin sections for transmission electron microscopy revealed (1) that elongated cells surrounded by the basal lamina provided the structural basis for the bridging structure, (2) that the basal lamina surrounding the elongated cell extended to the basal lamina around the capillary endothelial cell, (3) that the electron density of the cytoplasm was similar to that of the pericytes around the capillaries, and (4) that the cell was attached to the capillaries at both ends only. Visualization of the basal lamina by immunofluorescent methods revealed (1) that capillaries were often bent at the site of attachment of the bridging cell, (2) that the bridging cell bifurcated occasionally, and (3) that the density of the bridging cell was much higher in the stria vascularis than in the underlying spiral ligament. Filamentous actin visualized by fluorescent phalloidin was not apparent in the bridging cell. We propose that the bridging cell provides mechanical strength to the tortuous capillary network in the stria vascularis and participates in the specific function of the stria vascularis in cooperation with other types of cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051327
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  • 22
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    Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of tryptophan hydroxylase and serotonin in the rodent Harderian gland (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 517-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Harderian gland ; Tryptophan hydroxylase ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar) ; Syrian hamster ; Mesocricetus auratus ; Djungarian hamster ; Phodopus sungorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The Harderian gland is considered as being an extrapineal source of melatonin. In most rodents, the Harderian gland contains two epithelial cell types (I and II). The aim of this study has been to define which cell type is involved in indoleamine synthesis. The presence and localization of serotonin (melatonin precursor) and tryptophan hydroxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin synthesis) have been investigated by immunohistochemistry in male Wistar rats, Syrian hamsters and Djungarian hamsters. The results of the present study show that immunoreactivity for tryptophan hydroxylase and serotonin is confined to the type I cell, suggesting that this cell type is involved in indoleamine synthesis in the rodent Harderian gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051312
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  • 23
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    The use of constitutive nuclear oncoproteins to count neurons in the enteric nervous system of the guinea pig (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: c-Myc ; c-Fos ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestine, small ; Enteric nervous system ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical double labelling of the enteric nervous system of the guinea pig ileum was performed with a monoclonal antibody (anti-MYC 033) directed against a peptide sequence of the human c-Myc protein together with antibodies directed against either the neuron-specific antigens neuron-specific enolase or PGP 9.5 or the glia-specific marker S-100 to demonstrate that anti-MYC 033 labelled the nuclei of all enteric neurons but not glia. This strategy was also employed to demonstrate that another anti-c-Myc monoclonal anti-body, anti-MYC 070, labelled the nuclei of all neurons and glia, as well as perhaps all other cells in these preparations. A polyclonal antiserum raised against a peptide sequence of the human c-Fos protein (anti-FOS 4) was shown to label the identical nuclei as anti-MYC 033. The ganglionic density of nuclei labelled by anti-FOS 4 was found to be similar to previous measures of the ganglionic density of neurons. Double labelling with anti-MYC 033 and an antiserum directed against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was performed to reexamine the ganglionic density of neurons that express this neuropeptide. Our results suggest that the ganglionic density of these neurons might be less than previously determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327780
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    The use of constitutive nuclear oncoproteins to count neurons in the enteric nervous system of the guinea pig (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: c-Myc ; c-Fos ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestine ; small ; Enteric nervous system ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Immunohistochemical double labelling of the enteric nervous system of the guinea pig ileum was performed with a monoclonal antibody (anti-MYC 033) directed against a peptide sequence of the human c-Myc protein together with antibodies directed against either the neuron-specific antigens neuron-specific enolase or PGP 9.5 or the glia-specific marker S-100 to demonstrate that anti-MYC 033 labelled the nuclei of all enteric neurons but not glia. This strategy was also employed to demonstrate that another anti-c-Myc monoclonal antibody, anti-MYC 070, labelled the nuclei of all neurons and glia, as well as perhaps all other cells in these preparations. A polyclonal antiserum raised against a peptide sequence of the human c-Fos protein (anti-FOS 4) was shown to label the identical nuclei as anti-MYC 033. The ganglionic density of nuclei labelled by anti-FOS 4 was found to be similar to previous measures of the ganglionic density of neurons. Double labelling with anti-MYC 033 and an antiserum directed against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was performed to reexamine the ganglionic density of neurons that express this neuropeptide. Our results suggest that the ganglionic density of these neurons might be less than previously determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050159
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  • 25
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    Immunohistochemical investigation of neuropeptides in the central nervous system of the amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri (Cephalochorda)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The immunohistochemical localization of nine different neuropeptides was studied in the central nervous system of the amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri. In the brain, perikarya immunoreactive for urotensin I and FMRFamide were localized in the vicinity of the central canal. One of the processes of each of these perikarya was found to cross the dorso ventral slit-like lumen of the central canal. Oxytocin-immunoreactive short fibers, but not perikarya, were detected in the ventral part of the brain. Perikarya immunoreactive for arginine vasopressin/vasotocin, oxytocin and FMRFamide were widely distributed in the spinal cord. Arginine vasopressin/vasotocin-immunoreactive fibers often made contacts with Rohde cell axons. Angiotensin II-immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the posterior half of the spinal cord, and urotensin I-immunoreactive perikarya were found in the caudal region of the spinal cord. Cholecystokinin/gastrin-immunoreactive fibers, but not perikarya, were detected in the spinal cord; some extended as far as the ependymal layer of the cerebral ventricle. No colocalization of the peptides examined was observed. No immunoreactivity for atrial and brain natriuretic peptides nor for urotensin II was detected. The present study indicates that there are at least six separate neuronal systems that contain different peptides, respectively, in the central nervous system of the amphioxus. Their functions remain to be determined.
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    Nitric oxide synthase in the enteric nervous system of the guinea-pig: a quantitative description (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: NADPH diaphorase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Nitric oxide ; Histochemistry ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and abundance of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing neurons and their terminals in the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea-pig were examined in detail using NADPH diaphorase histochemistry and NOS immunohistochemistry. NOS-containing cell bodies were found in the myenteric plexus throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the submucous plexus of the stomach, colon and rectum. NOS-containing neurons comprised between 12% (in the duodenum) and 54% (in the esophagus) of total myenteric neurons. In the ileum, NOS neurons represented 19% of total myenteric neurons. Most of the NOS neurons throughout the gastrointestinal tract possessed lamellar dendrites and a single axon. NOS-containing terminals were abundant in the circular muscle, including that of the sphincters, but were rare in the longitudinal muscle, except for the taeniae of the caecum. The muscularis mucosae of the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum received a medium to dense innervation by NOS terminals. Within myenteric ganglia, NOS-containing terminals were extremely sparse in the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, common in the ileum and distal colon and extremely dense in the proximal colon and rectum. The submucous plexus in the ileum and large intestine contained a sparse plexus of NOS-containing terminals. NOS terminals were not observed in the mucosa of any region. We conclude that throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea-pig, NOS neurons are inhibitory motor neurons to the circular muscle; in the ileum and large intestine, NOS neurons may also function as interneurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303090
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  • 27
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    Nerve fibers immunoreactive for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the cervical spinal ventral roots of the mouse (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substance P ; Calcitonin gene ; related peptide ; Cervical spinal nerve ; Immunohistochemistry ; Primary afferents ; Mouse (ICR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We demonstrate the existence of nerve fibers possessing substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in the mouse cervical ventral roots. The distribution of the SP and CGRP fibers was similar, but CGRP fibers were generally more numerous. Both types entered the ventral pia mater or formed hairpin loops, but they did not enter the spinal cord directly through these roots. SP and CGRP fibers in the ventral roots were thin and had many varicosities. We suggest that these SP and CGRP fibers are involved not only in a sensory mechanism, but also in other functions, via the release of SP and CGRP from varicosities in the ventral roots.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327774
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    A morphometric analysis of the subcellular distribution of LHβ and FSHβ in secretory granules in the pituitary gonadotrophs of the frog (Rana japonica) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 417-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Pituitary ; Gonadotrophs ; LHβ ; FSHβ ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana japonica (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Immunohistochemical localization of lutropin β (LHβ) and follitropin β (FSHβ) in the pituitary gland of the frog Rana japonica was studied by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method and the two-face, double-labeling method with different-sized gold particles at the light- and electron-microscopic levels, respectively, using monoclonal antibodies against bullfrog LHβ and FSHβ. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry indicated that approximately 66.0% of all the gonadotrophs in the pituitary contained both LHβ and FSHβ, whereas 33.4% of gonadotrophs contained only LHβ, and 0.6% contained only FSHβ. The staining intensity of LHβ and FSHβ varied from cell to cell. The gonadotrophs were classified into four types (Types I-IV) in terms of their ultrastructural and immunolabeling characteristics. Moreover, several secretory granule types were recognized according to differences in their shape and electron density. In all the cell types, both LHβ and FSHβ were often seen in the same secretory granules, but the proportion of granules bearing both hormones ranged from 5.5% in Type I to 32.7% in Type IV. Most secretory granules in Types I and II were immunolabeled with LHβ alone, whereas a small number of granules were immunolabeled with FSHβ alone. More immunolabeled FSHβ granules were present in Types III and IV than in Types I and II.
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  • 29
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    The distribution of NADPH diaphorase activity and immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system of the pulmonate mollusc Helix aspersa (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: NADPH diaphorase ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Nervous system, central ; Nervous system, peripheral ; Immunohistochemistry ; Helix aspersa (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Enzyme histochemistry and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the distribution of neurons in the snail Helix aspersa which exhibited nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase activity and/or immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NADPH diaphorase-positive cells and fibres were distributed extensively throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. NADPH diaphorase-positive fibres were present in all neuropil regions of the central and peripheral ganglia, in the major interganglionic connectives and in peripheral nerve roots. NADPH diaphorase-positive cell bodies were found consistently in the eyes, the lips, the tentacular ganglia and the procerebral lobes of the cerebral ganglia; staining of cell bodies elsewhere in the nervous system was capricious. The distribution of NOS-like immunoreactivity differed markedly from that of NADPH diaphorase activity. Small clusters of cells which exhibited NOS-like immunoreactivity were present in the cerebral and pedal ganglia; fibres which exhibited NOS-like immunoreactivity were present in restricted regions of the neuropil of the central ganglia. The disjunct distributions of NADPH diaphorase activity and NOS-like immunoreactivity in the neurvous system of Helix suggest that the properties of neuronal NOS in molluscs may differ sigificantly from those described previously for vertebrate animals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300230
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  • 30
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    Differential expression of nitric oxide synthases in EGF-responsive mouse neural precursor cells (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 296 (1999), S. 489-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide synthase isoforms I ; III ; Neurosphere ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nestin ; Embryonic brain striatum ; Mouse (Balb/c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous, radical molecule that plays a role in various physiological processes in the nervous system such as learning and hippocampal plasticity. It is generated from l-arginine by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which come in three isoforms depending on the tissue of origin, namely inducible-NOS (iNOS in macrophages), endothelial-NOS (eNOS in endothelial cells) and neural-NOS (nNOS in neural cells). We used epidermal growth factor (EGF)-responsive nestin-positive neural precursor cells originating from the mouse E16 embryonic striatum, and studied the relative expression of NOS isoforms probed with isoform-specific antibody using the avidin-biotin immunohistochemical method. Our data revealed both nNOS and eNOS to be expressed in both neurospheres and desegregated neural precursor cells. However, iNOS signals were virtually undetectable in both cell categories. When the neural precursor cells were carried in the presence of poly-l-ornithine (PLO), there was a strong induction of the expression of iNOS proteins, indicating the possibility that this isoform is amenable to modulation by extracellular cues. These preliminary results suggest both nNOS and eNOS to be important in the physiology of neural precursor cells, and that iNOS might also play a role at certain stages in the life of these cells.
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    A morphometric analysis of the subcellular distribution of LHβ and FSHβ in secretory granules in the pituitary gonadotrophs of the frog (Rana japonica) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 417-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Gonadotrophs ; LHβ ; FSHβ ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana japonica (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical localization of lutropin β (LHβ) and follitropin β (FSHβ) in the pituitary gland of the frog Rana japonica was studied by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method and the two-face, double-labeling method with different-sized gold particles at the light-and electron-microscopic levels, respectively, using monoclonal antibodies against bullfrog LHβ and FSHβ. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry indicated that approximately 66.0% of all the gonadotrophs in the pituitary contained both LHβ and FSHβ, whereas 33.4% of gonadotrophs contained only LHβ, and 0.6% contained only FSHβ. The staining intensity of LHβ and FSHβ varied from cell to cell. The gonadotrophs were classified into four types (Types I–IV) in terms of their ultrastructural and immunolabeling characteristics. Moreover, several secretory granule types were recognized according to differences in their shape and electron density. In all the cell types, both LHβ and FSHβ were often seen in the same secretory granules, but the proportion of granules bearing both hormones ranged from 5.5% in Type I to 32.7% in Type IV. Most secretory granules in Types I and II were immunolabeled with LHβ alone, whereas a small number of granules were immunolabeled with FSHβ alone. More immunolabeled FSHβ granules were present in Types III and IV than in Types I and II.
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    Localization of mammary-derived growth inhibitor in capillary endothelial cells of the bovine mammary gland (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Mammary-derived growth inhibitor ; Fatty acid-binding proteins ; Differentiation ; Vascularization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mammary gland ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) has previously been localized in the mammary parenchyma, dependent on the stage of differentiation of the mammary gland. Here, we have elucidated the distribution of MDGI in the mammary stroma by a combined immunohisto- and cytochemical analysis with antibodies raised against MDGI. Distinct staining of capillary endothelial cells has been revealed. Although its subcellular distribution resembles former observations in secretory epithelial cells, the expression of MDGI in capillary endothelial cells clearly precedes that in secretory epithelial cells. On the other hand, no endothelial MDGI staining has been detected in bovine heart, which contains a fatty acid-binding protein almost identical to MDGI. The localization of MDGI in the mammary capillary endothelium is discussed in terms of its possible involvement in the intracellular transport of hydrophobic ligands or in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300218
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    Immunohistochemical study on the morphology of enterochromaffin cells in the human fundic mucosa (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 703-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the human fundic mucosa was investigated at the lightmicroscopic level by means of the unlabeled peroxidase anti-peroxidase method, with the use of a highly specific anti-serotonin serum. EC-cells in the human fundic mucosa were sparsely distributed below the neck portion of the gland, but were found to be rather numerous in its lower half. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked pleomorphic and seemingly polynuclear EC-cells or cells with long, sometimes multipolar cytoplasmic processes. In addition, luminal contacts and contiguity between EC-cells, or interglandular connections were also encountered. The present immunohistochemical procedure permits, for the first time, a clear-cut morphological visualization of the entire population of EC-cells, and reveals the distinctive morphological features of these cells in the human fundic mucosa. These morphological findings imply that EC-cells in the fundic mucosa may be crucial in gastric function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226973
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    Catecholamine-containing pancreatic islet cells of the domestic fowl (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islet A cell ; Catecholamine ; Combined microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to identify pancreatic islet cells emitting formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were studied by combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver-impregnation and immunohistochemical methods in the same section or in consecutive semi-thin and ultra-thin sections. The results indicate that islet cells emitting intense FIF exhibit a strongly argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method and also immunohistochemical reaction with anti-glucagon serum, but not with anti-5-HT serum. Therefore, the fowl islet A cell, a peptide hormone-producing cell, stores simultaneously catecholamine as biogenic amine. The islet B and D cells did not display any FIF, any argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method, or any immunoreactivity with anti-glucagon or anti-5-HT sera. The fluorescent but non-argyrophil cells dispersed in the exocrine acinus may well be PP cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217141
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    Serotonin and opsin immunoreactivities in the developing pineal organ of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 559-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal complex (pineal and parapineal organs) ; Development, ontogenetic ; Photoreceptor cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Serotonin (5-HT) ; Opsin ; Teleost (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)- and opsin-immunoreactive sites were studied in the developing pineal complex of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., by use of light-microscopic indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. 5-HT immunoreactivity first occurs in the pineal organ at the age of 80 h after fertilization and appears to be localized in cells of the photoreceptor type. The outer segments of a few pineal photosensory cells exhibit opsin immunoreactivity at the age of 84 h after fertilization. The number of cells seems to increase until the pineal organ is completely developed. The increase in the number of 5-HT immunoreactive perikarya runs parallel in time to that of the opsinimmunoreactive outer segments. The cells of the parapineal organ show neither opsin nor 5-HT immunoreactivity. The retina of the embryonic stickleback does not display opsin immunoreactivity until after hatching, which takes place about 144 h after fertilization. These results suggest, in the three-spined stickleback, an earlier light-perception capacity for the developing pineal organ than for the retina.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228440
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    Ontogeny of endocrine cells in the gut of the insect Periplaneta americana (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 421-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut endocrine cells ; Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Insect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ontogeny of the endocrine cells of the gut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana was studied by immunohistochemistry. During embryogenesis, the midgut begins to be formed as an outgrowth of the foregut and hindgut invaginations. Gut endocrine cells with pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like immunoreactivity begin to appear at the anterior and posterior ends of the forming midgut. These cells are restricted to the midgut epithelium, and no mitotic cells with PP-like immunoreactivity are observed. These results strongly suggest that the gut endocrine cells, at least those with PP-like immunoreactivity, are derived from precursor cells they have in common with other epithelial cells of the midgut.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217318
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    The development of the sensory organs of the legs in the blowfly,Phormia regina (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Metamorphosis ; Imaginal disc ; Sensory neurons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phormia regina, Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the sensory neurons of the legs of the blowfly,Phormia regina has been described from the third instar larva to the late pupa using immunohistochemical staining. The leg discs of the third instar larva contain 8 neurons of which 5 come to lie in the fifth tarsomere of the developing leg. Whereas 2 neurons persist at least to the late pupa, the other cells degenerate. The first neurons of gustatory sensilla arise in the fifth tarsomere at about 1.5 h after formation of the puparium. Most of these sensilla, however, appear within a short time period beginning at about 18 h. The femoral chordotonal sensory neurons first appear at the time of formation of the puparium, as a mass of cells situated in the distal femur. During later pupal development 2 groups of these cells come to lie at the femur-trochanter border, where they become the proximal femoral chordotonal organ of the adult; the remaining cells become the distal femoral chordotonal organ. Other scolopidial neurons appear later in development. The nerve pathways of the late pupal leg are established either by the axons of the cells that are present in the larval leg disc or by new outgrowing processes of sensory neurons. In the tibia, the initial direction of new outgrowth differs in different regions of the segment: proximal tibial neurons grow distally, while distal tibial neurons grow initially proximally.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571434
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    Peptides and transmitter enzymes in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons after administration of hyperosmotic stimuli: comparison between messenger RNA and peptide/protein levels (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 279-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Oxytocin ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Dopamine ; Galanin ; Dynorphin ; Cholecystokinin ; Salt-loading ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Neurophypophysis ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In situ hybridization histochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry were used to study changes in the expression of vasopressin (VP), oxytocin (OXY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), galanin (GAL), dynorphin (DYN) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of rats. After prolonged administration of 2% sodium chloride as drinking water (salt-loading), the treatment increased the levels of VP, OXY, TH, GAL, DYN and CCK mRNA in the PVN and SON. The increase in CCK mRNA was, however, proportionally higher in the PVN than in the SON. Within cell bodies of the PVN and SON of salt-loaded rats, a depletion of VP- and OXY-like immunoreactivity (LI) and an increase in TH-LI were seen. In salt-loaded/colchicine-treated rats, a marked decrease in GAL- and DYN-LI, but no specific changes in CCK-LI were observed. Within nerve fibers of the posterior pituitary of salt-loaded rats, a marked depletion of VP-, GAL- and DYN-LI was found. Less pronounced depletion was observed in OXY- and CCK-LI, and no specific changes in TH-LI were seen. The results show that high plasma osmolality induces increased mRNA levels for VP, OXY, TH, GAL, DYN and CCK, presumably indicating increased synthesis, an increased export from cell somata of VP, OXY, GAL and DYN, and a decrease in levels of these peptides in the posterior pituitary, suggesting increased release. The catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme TH, however, which has a cytoplasmic localization and is not released from nerve endings, remains high in the cell bodies and nerve endings during this state of increased activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318631
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    GABA immunoreactivity of calyceal nerve endings in the vestibular system of the guinea pig (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 415-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Vestibular organ ; Hair cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea pig (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurotransmitters involved in the vestibular system are largely uncharacterized. On the basis of results of earlier electrophysiological and immunohistochemical experiments, glutamate and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) have been proposed in both mammalian and non-mammalian species as afferent transmitters between the sensory cell and the afferent dendrite. GABA is also suspected to act as an efferent neurotransmitter in the cochlea. We describe in this study the immunocytochemical localization of GABA within the vestibular end organs in the guinea pig. GABA immunoreactivity was found in the calyceal nerve endings surrounding type I hair cells of the vestibular epithelia. The most significant labelings were obtained in the crista ampullaris. Labeling was more difficult to observe in the utricular and saccular macula. These results contribute to the recent proposal that the calyx has a secretory function, and suggest that GABA may have a modulatory influence upon the type I hair cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318645
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    Immunohistochemical localization of some vertebrate-like neuropeptides (SP, NPY, CGRP, CCK) in the central nervous system of the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 435-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substance P ; Neuropeptide Y ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Cholecystokinin (CCK) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptide coexistence ; Planorbarius corneus (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of the vertebrate-like neuropeptides substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and cholecystokinin (CCK8) in the central nervous system of the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus has been studied using specific antisera and single and double immunohistochemistry. A widespread but precise distribution of immunore-activity (IR) in neurons and fibers of almost all the ganglia is observed for each antiserum. A comparison of the IR with classical neurosecretory staining (AB/AY) shows a partial overlap only for CGRP and CCK8. Whereas CGRP-IR is found in some Yellow Cells in the left parietal ganglion, CCK8-IR is found in Yellow Green, Green and Brown Cells in the viscero-parietal complex. Studies employing double-sequential methods or simultaneous immunofluorescence have shown that, with regard to the tested antisera, CCK8- and NPY-IR are colocalized in a limited number of cells and fibers in the buccal and visceral ganglia, whereas CCK8- and SP-IR are colocalized only rarely in neurons in the left cerebral ganglion. The possible roles in P. corneus of the investigated neuropeptides and the contribution that molluscan models may offer to the knowledge of the basic properties of neuropeptides are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297223
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    Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary in the dog (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 261 (1990), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary ; Innervation ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pars distalis of the anterior pituitary is known to be regulated by hypothalamic hormones. Recently, we have discovered the presence of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of the monkeys. Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the pars distalis of the dog was investigated in this study. A substantial amount of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers with a large amount of varicosities were found. They were widely distributed in the gland, more abundant along its periphery. Most of them were closely related to the glandular tissue, some were located on vascular walls. Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were also found in the meningeal sheath of the anterior pituitary. They could be followed into the parenchyma of the gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318673
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    The localization of macrophage subsets and dendritic cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse with special reference to the presence of high endothelial venules (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 587-593 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut ; Macrophages ; High-endothelial venules ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse BALB/c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study concerns the distribution of macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse. Heterogeneity of macrophage population was found by using the MOMA-1, MOMA-2, ERTR-9, Mac-1 and F4/80 monoclonal antibodies. MOMA-1, ERTR-9, Mac-1 and F4/80+ cells were detected mostly at the villous cores in the lamina propria of the villi, whereas MOMA-2+ cells were primarily found around the crypts at the base of the villi. These MOMA-2+ cells revealed a granular appearance throughout the cytoplasm and displayed a strong acid phosphatase (AcPh) activity. Few MOMA-2+ cells were seen at the top of the villi in the epithelium. Although MOMA-1 and ERTR-9+ cells have similar morphology and the same distribution patterns in the lamina propria, they are likely different populations, because in Peyer's patches (PP), MOMA-1+ cells were present, whereas ERTR-9+ cells could not be detected. Both populations displayed AcPh activity. Strongly stained Mac-1+ cells were abundantly seen in the lamina propria of the small intestine. F4/80+ cells were rare. NLDC-145+ cells with AcPh activity and weak Ia staining were also found. In the PP-associated villi and in the T-dependent area of PP, dendritic NLDC-145+ cells, which were strongly Ia positive, were detected. MIDC-8+ cells were found only in the T-dependent area. Few NLDC-145+ cells (dendritic cells) were found in the upper part of the oesophagus. These cells were also stained with the MIDC-8 antibody. The MECA-325 monoclonal antibody recognized high endothelial venules (HEV) in PP and blood vessels at the base of the villi of the jejunumileum and caecum. Unlike in PP, the endothelium of the venules in the villi was flat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740787
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    Immunohistochemistry and nerve lesion experiments on the methionine-enkephalin immunopositive neurons in the small intestine of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Met-enkephalin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestine, small ; Neuron, enteric ; Laser microsurgery ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve elements in the small intestine of the bullfrog. Rana catesbeiana, were studied by immunohistochemistry with anti-methionine enkephalin antisera and by nerve lesion experiments, using laser irradiation. Methionine-enkephalin immunopositive nerve fibers occur in the myenteric plexus, circular muscle layer, submucosa, and mucosa. Immunopositive nerve cell bodies in the myenteric plexus have dendrite-like and a long axon-like processes. In the froglet (3 months after metamorphosis), these axon-like processes lead posteriorly in the nerve strand of the myenteric plexus. Some bifurcate, one branch continuing posteriorly, the other doubling back to lead anteriorly; both form terminal varicose fibers in the circular muscle layer. Nerve lesion experiments, in the adult bullfrog, resulted in accumulations of methionine-enkephalin immunoreactivity at the oral and hinder edges of the laser-irradiated necrotic area; there were sprouting and nonsprouting immunopositive stumps. It is suggested that bidirectional flow of methionine-enkephalin in the myenteric plexus is mediated via the anterior and posterior branches of the axon-like process. The difference in sprouting behavior of immunopositive nerve fiber stumps, after nerve lesion, is discussed with reference to regional differences of the axon-like process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297546
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    Time-related changes in the labeling pattern of motor and sensory neurons innervating the gastrocnemius muscle, as revealed by the retrograde transport of the cholera toxin B subunit (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 419-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cholera toxin B subunit ; Motoneurons ; Primary afferent neurons ; Spinal cord ; Retrograde transport ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological changes in the motor and sensory neurons in the lumbar spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglia were investigated at different survival times following the injection of the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) into the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Unconjugated CTB, visualized immunohistochemically, was found to be retrogradely transported through ventral and dorsal roots to motor neurons in the anterior horn, each lamina in the posterior horn, and ganglion cells in the dorsal root ganglia at L3–L6. The largest numbers of labeled motor neurons and ganglion cells were observed 72 h after the injection of CTB. Thereafter, labeled ganglion cells were significantly decreased in number, whereas the amount of labeled motor neurons showed a slight reduction. Motor neurons had extensive dendritic trees filled with CTB, reaching lamina VII and even the pia mater of the lateral funiculus. Labeling was also seen in the posterior horn, but the central and medial parts of laminae II and III had the most extensively labeled varicose fibers, the origin of which was the dorsal root ganglion cells. The results indicate that CTB is taken up by nerve terminals and can serve as a sensitive retrogradely transported marker for identifying neurons that innervate a specific muscle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319364
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    Organization of histamine-containing neurons in the brain of the crested newt, Triturus carnifex (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Histamine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Brain, vertebrate ; Catecholamines ; Triturus carnifex (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of immunoreactivity for histamine was studied in the brain of the urodele Triturus carnifex using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Histamine-immunoreactive cell bodies were localized in the caudal hypothalamus within the dorsolateral walls of the infundibular recesses. These immunoreactive cell bodies were pear-shaped, bipolar and frequently of the cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting type. Histaminergic nerve fibers were detected in almost all parts of the brain. Dense innervation was seen in the telencephalic medial pallium and ventral striatum, the neuropil of the preoptic area, the septum, the paraventricular organ, the posterior commissure, the caudal hypothalamus, the ventral and lateral mesencephalic tegmentum. Medium density innervation was observed in the lateral mesencephalic tegmentum and optic tectum. Poor innervation was present in the telencephalic dorsal pallium and in the central gray of the medulla oblongata. Few fibers occurred in the olfactory bulbs and in the telencephalic lateral pallium. Double immunofluorescence staining, using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase, showed that histamine-immunostained somata and those containing tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity were co-distributed in the tuberal hypothalamus. No co-occurrence of histamine-like and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunostaining was seen in the same neuron. The pattern of histamine-immunoreactive neurons in the newt was similar to that described in other vertebrates. Our observations, carried out on the apparently simplified brain of the newt confirm that the basic histaminergic system is well conserved throughout vertebrates.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323580
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    Phylogenetic study of serotonin-immunoreactive structures in the pancreas of various vertebrates (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Pancreas ; Phylogenic study ; Immunohistochemistry ; Teleosts ; Chicken ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution pattern of serotonin (5HT) in the pancreas was studied immunohistochemically by using a 5HT monoclonal antibody in various vertebrates including the eel, bullfrog, South African clawed toad, turtle, chicken, mouse, rat, guinea-pig, cat, dog and human. In all species examined, except the bullfrog, 5HT-like immunoreactivity was observed in nerve fibers, in endocrine cells, or in both. Positive nerve fibers were found in the eel, turtle, mouse, rat and guinea-pig. These fibers ran mainly along the blood vessels and partly through the gap between the exocrine glands. In the eel and guinea-pig, positive fibers invaded the pancreatic islet. Occasionally, these positive fibers were found adjacent to the surface of both exocrine and endocrine cells, suggesting a regulatory role of 5HT in pancreatic function. 5HT-positive endocrine cells were observed in the pancreas of all species except for the bullfrog and rat. In the eel and in mammals such as the mouse, guinea-pig, cat, dog and human, 5HT-positive cells were mainly observed within the pancreatic islet. In the South African clawed toad, turtle and chicken, the positive cells were mainly in the exocrine region. The present study indicates that the distribution patterns of 5HT in the pancreas varies considerably among different species.
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    Pentosome — a new connective tissue component —is a subunit of amyloid P (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Connective tissue ; EHS tumor ; Basement membrane ; Amyloid P component ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (C57BL/6)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new minute connective tissue structure, referred to as “pentosome”, has been investigated by electron microscopy and its nature has been examined by immunoperoxidase tests. Pentosomes are 3.5-nm wide, particulate structures that have been observed in the posterior chamber of the eye, the connective tissue spaces of the mouse foot-pad and the matrix of the mouse EHS tumor. They are usually found in the vicinity of microfibrils whether they are free or associated with elastic fibers. They tend to be organized into groups forming a three-dimensional semi-crystalline lattice at 10-nm intervals, but are connected by fine filaments. At high magnification, pentosomes appear as hollow structures composed of two parallel pentagons, which respectively measure 2.7 and 3.5 nm, and are held together by a cross-bar. A series of immunoperoxidase tests has only shown antigenicity against a serum protein, the amyloid P component. However, pentosomes are only about one-third the size of the 8.5-nm wide, disk-like segments of the amyloid P molecule. Since they could be subunits of these molecules, such subunits were prepared and compared with pentosomes; they appeared to be identical. It is concluded that the pentosomes found in connective tissue are AP subunits.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327277
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    Structure and development of the larval central complex in a holometabolous insect, the beetle Tenebrio molitor (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 341-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuronal development ; Neuropil ; Immunohistochemistry ; Serotonin ; FMRF-amide ; Brain, invertebrate ; Protocerebrum ; Tenebrio molitor (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuroarchitecture of the central complex, a prominent neuropil in the midbrain of the holometabolan, Tenebrio molitor, is described throughout larval development. The analysis is based on classical silver impregnations and on fate-mapping of identified neurons using antisera against serotonin and FMRF-amide. In T. molitor, the central body is present in the first larval instar, and is formed by side branches of contralaterally projecting neurons. Glial cells surround eight neuropil compartments in the first larval instar. These subdivisions in the organization of the fan-shaped body are maintained throughout development. Intrinsic interneurons are found from the 5th larval instar onwards. In the last larval stage, the central complex consists of the fan-shaped body, the protocerebral bridge, and the anlage of the ellipsoid body. The cellular architecture of the fan-shaped body of the last larval instar resembles the basic structural characteristics of the adult. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons and FMRF-amide immunoreactive neurons in the midbrain of the first larval instar show the basic structural features of the respective imaginal cells. The structural organizations of larval and adult midbrain are compared.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318803
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    Distribution of catecholaminergic and serotoninergic systems in forebrain and midbrain of the newt, Triturus alpestris (Urodela) (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Dopamine ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; CNS amphibian ; Triturus alpestris (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mapping of monoaminergic systems in the brain of the newt Triturus alpestris was achieved with antisera against (1) thyrosine hydroxylase (TH), (2) formaldehyde-conjugated dopamine (DA), and (3) formaldehyde-conjugated serotonin (5-HT). In the telencephalon, the striatum was densely innervated by a large number of 5-HT-, DA-and TH-immunoreactive (IR) fibers; IR fibers were more scattered in the amygdala, the medial and lateral forebrain bundles, and the anterior commissure. In the anterior and medial diencephalon, TH-IR perikarya contacting the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-C perikarya) were located in the preoptic recess organ (PRO), the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Numerous TH-IR perikarya, not contacting the CSF, were present in the posterior preoptic nucleus and the ventral thalamus. At this level, DA-IR CSF-C neurons were only located in the PRO. In the posterior diencephalon, large populations of 5-HT-IR and DA-IR CSF-C perikarya were found in the paraventricular organ (PVO) and the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (NID); the dorsal part of the NID additionally presented TH-IR CSF-C perikarya. Most regions of the diencephalon showed an intense monoaminergic innervation. In addition, numerous TH-IR, DA-IR and 5-HT-IR fibers, orginating from the anterior and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, extended ventrally and reached the median eminence and the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. In the midbrain, TH-IR perikarya were located dorsally in the pretectal area. Ventrally, a large group of TH-IR cell bodies and some weakly stained DA-IR and 5-HT-IR neurons were observed in the posterior tuberculum. No dopaminergic system equivalent to the substantia nigra was revealed. The possible significance of the differences in the distribution of TH-IR and DA-IR neurons is discussed, with special reference to the CSF-C neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318806
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    Transient serotonin-immunoreactive neurons coincide with a critical period of neural development in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 389-392 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neural development ; Plasticity ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), smolt transformation has been shown to be associated with sequential surges of neurotransmitters in the brain. In order to determine if the surge of serotonin (5-HT) is correlated with structural changes, we have used immunocytochemistry to observe changes in the serotonin immunoreactivity before, during and after the 5-HT surge. The following stages were studied: 12-month-old freshwater presmolts, 17-month-old freshwater presmolts, 18-month-old saltwater smolts, 19-month-old saltwater postsmolt, 24-month-old postsmolt, and adult spawners. In the 17-month-old samples, but not at any other stage, we found a set of transient (serotonin-immunoreactive) 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons in the lateral preoptic area, as well as a discrete population of 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons in the lateral part of the dorsal right habenular nucleus. In addition, a higher density of serotonergic fibers was found in the telencephalon at this stage compared to the following two stages. Since the transient 5-HT-immunoreactive structures presented here do not appear simultaneously with the 5-HT total brain concentration surge, we conclude that they are unlikely to be the source of the 5-HT surge, but are probably related to other developmental changes in the brain associated with smolt transformation.
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    Macrophage subpopulations and reticulum cells in rat placenta (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 513-519 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Placenta ; Macrophages ; Reticulum cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The placenta is a unique mixture of histoincompatible cells derived from mother and fetus. The aim of the present study was to obtain information on the development of macrophage subpopulations and reticulum cells during pregnancy in the placenta. Placentas of Wistar rats were removed at several stages of gestation, and were studied by immunohistochemical techniques applying monoclonal antibodies against macrophage subpopulations, lymphoid cells and reticulum cells. The expression of MHC class-II antigens was also studied. Throughout gestation macrophages were demonstrable in large numbers in the endometrium, in the myometrium and in the metrial gland, which is a compartment developing in the myometrium of pregnant rodents. In the labyrinth, a placenta compartment consisting of fetal cells, macrophages (probably of fetal origin) were already found on day 15. In the spongiotrophoblast and decidua basalis, which are layers of the placenta containing both maternal and fetal cells, only a few macrophages were recognized throughout gestation. The monoclonal antibody ED11, raised against reticulum cells, recognized fiber-like structures lining the blood sinuses of the spongiotrophoblast, in which only maternal blood is circulating. As the antigen recognized by ED11 is believed to play a role in the trapping of immune complexes, the spongiotrophoblast may play a role in the protection of the fetus from circulating immune complexes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319158
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    Action and immunoreactivity of neuropeptides in the buccal neuromuscular system of a prosobranch mollusc, Rapana thomasiana (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Catch-relaxing peptide (CARP) ; Radula muscle ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rapana thomasiana (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a prosobranch mollusc, Rapana thomasiana, the catch-relaxing peptide H-Ala-Met-Pro-Met-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2 (CARP) was found to depress the contraction of the radula protractor and retractor elicited by electrical stimulations. The action of CARP was in contrast to that of other neuropeptides, H-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) and H-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FLRFamide), which enhanced the contraction of the radula protractor and retractor, respectively. By immunohistochemical examinations, FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons were found on the rostral side of the right buccal ganglion and the caudal side of the left ganglion, where some CARP-like immunoreactive neurons were also distributed, indicating a possible coexistence of FMRFamide and CARP. FMRFamide- and CARP-like immunoreactivities were also detected in the neuropile of buccal ganglia, radula nerves arising from the ganglia, and nerve fibers in the radula muscles. The present results suggest that FMRFamide- and CARP-like peptides are involved in the regulation of the contraction of the radula muscles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305722
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    Bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry on cellular differentiation and migration in the fundic gland of Xenopus laevis during development (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 205-212 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bromodeoxyuridine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fundic gland ; Stomach ; Development ; Xenopus laevis (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cellular differentiation and migration in the fundic glands of adult and larval Xenopus laevis have been examined using bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry. In the adult fundic gland, cumulative labeling with bromodeoxyuridine revealed a proliferative cell zone between the surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells, in what is referred to as the neck portion of the gland. The labeling-index of mucous neck cells had rapidly increased by week-5. The labeling-index of oxynticopeptic cells showed a more delayed increase until week-7, coincident with the decrease in the labeling of mucous neck cells. In the immature fundic glands of larvae, the labeled proliferating cells were randomly distributed throughout the developing gastric mucosa. During metamorphosis, the labeling-index of immature epithelial cells was highest at stage 63. Following administration of bromodeoxyurdine at this, stage, there was no significant loss of labeled epithelial cells during the metamorphosing period. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the labeling-indices among the epithelial cells, such as surface mucous cells/generative cells, mucous neck cells, and oxynticopeptic cells, 7 days after administration. Cellular differentiation and migration pathways of epithelial cells in the fundic gland of adult X. laevis and its larvae are discussed.
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    Calbindin D-28k-positive neurons in the rat olfactory bulb (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 289-297 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calbindin D-28k ; Olfactory bulb ; Calcium-binding proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the distribution of calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in the rat olfactory bulb using specific monoclonal antibodies and the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method. The largest number of positive neurons was located in the periglomerular layer. These neurons were identified as periglomerular cells; they have been described also by other authors as calbindin-positive elements. Close to these neurons, a second population of nerve cells was identified as superficial shortaxon neurons. The remaining layers showed a smaller number of stained elements. Other labeled neurons were located along the external border of the external plexiform layer; the scarce neurons marking its internal border were identified as van Gehuchten cells. No immunoreactive structures were found in the mitral cell layer, although we observed another population of immunostained short-axon cells at its internal border. Some reactive structures, identified by us as horizontal and vertical cells of Cajal, were located in the boundary zone between the internal plexiform layer and the granule layer. In the white matter, we found a neuronal type characterized by its large size and oriented arborization of varicose dendrites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319620
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    Distribution of the α2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in human tissues (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 375-382 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α2-Macroglobulin receptor ; Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein ; Tissue distribution ; Brain ; Macrophages ; Immunohistochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hepatic α1-macroglobulin receptor (α2MR)/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) binds and endocytoses α2-macroglobulin-proteinase complexes in plasma. In addition, it binds lipoproteins, a novel 40 kDa protein, and complexes between plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1. This study shows, for the first time, the tissue distribution of α2MR/LRP as determined by immunohistochemistry with specific monoclonal antibodies. The analysis revealed α2MR/LRP-expression in a restricted spectrum of cell types, including neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, Leydig cells in testis, granulosa cells in ovary, and dendritic interstitial cells of kidney. Monocytederived cells displayed marked α2MR/LRP expression in the phagocytes of liver, lung and lymphoid tissues, but no or low expression in antigen-presenting cells including Langerhans' cells of the skin. The high abundance of α2MR/LRP in certain cell types of most organs suggests two main routes for α2MR/LRP ligand clearance: (1) systemic removal in liver of circulating ligands, and (2) non-hepatic interstitial removal in different organs, including the brain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353892
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    Correlation of extracellular matrix components with the cytoarchitecture of mouse Peyer's patches (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 403-410 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peyer's patches ; Collagen ; Laminin ; Fibronectin ; Extracellular matrix ; Lymphocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (BALB/c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution patterns of extracellular matrix elements were determined to ascertain whether they play a role in the localization of lymphocytes in discrete T-cell, B-cell and dome antigen-processing domains within Peyer's patches. Antibodies against collagen types I, III and IV, laminin and fibronectin were applied to cryosections of mouse Peyer's patches and localized by direct or indirect immunoperoxidase methods. T-cell domains were identified with a monoclonal antibody against Thy-1.2. Labeled reticular fibers in distinctive patterns were more numerous in parafollicular and dome areas than within follicles. Germinal centers contained few such fibers. In parafollicular areas, fibers were oriented predominantly toward follicle domes; their distribution corresponded to T-cell zones and lymphocyte traffic areas, with their orientation being parallel to the migration pathways of lymphocytes from high endothelial venules to the antigen-processing domes. Subepithelial and subendothelial basal laminae were immunopositive for type-IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin. The dome subepithelial basal lamina had pore-like discontinuities through which lymphocytes migrated to and from the epithelium. The correspondence of the distribution patterns of extracellular matrix to specific functional domains of Peyer's patches suggests that this matrix provides a structural framework for lymphocyte migration and localization.
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    The distribution and colocalization of neuropeptides and 5-hydroxytryptamine in pelvic nerves supplying the posterior large intestine of the toad, Bufo marinus (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 105-114 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Pelvic nerves ; Neuropeptides ; Large intestine ; Bufo marinus (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and colocalization of neuropeptides and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the posterior portion of the large intestine of the toad was studied using single- and dual-label immunohistochemistry. Neurons containing colocalized galanin/somatostatin or vasoactive intestinal peptide alone were observed along intramural pelvic nerves. Some of the galanin/somatostatin neurons also contained 5-hydroxytryptamine. Synaptic boutons containing colocalized calcitonin gene-related peptide/vasoactive intestinal peptide were associated with the galanin/somatostatin neurons. The muscle of the large intestine was also innervated by axons containing galamin/somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide/calcitonin gene-related peptide or vasoactive intestinal peptide alone. Nerve fibres containing calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P, probably representing primary afferent nerves, were also associated with muscle bundles. Submucosal blood vessels carried dense plexuses of fibres containing vasoactive intestinal peptide alone or and calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P. Adrenergic perivascular nerves also contained galanin and neuropeptide Y.
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    Distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the forg, Rana esculenta (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 525-534 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nervous system, central ; Rana esculenta (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), immunoreactive structures in the central nervous system of the frog, Rana esculenta, was studied using the peroxidase immunohistochemical method. Immunoreactive perikarya were found in all major parts of the brain. In the forebrain, neurons of the septohipocampal formation, the amygdala, the ventromedial and posterocentral thalamic nuclei, and the cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons in the diencephalic periventricular organ showed immunoreactivity. The pear-shaped neurons of the optic tectum, and perikarya of the oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain were also immunoreactive. In the hindbrain, neurons of the cranial nerve motor nuclei, neurons of the superior vestibular nucleus, giant cells of the reticular formation, and preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the superior salivatory nucleus were stained. Motoneurons presented immunostaining also in the spinal cord. Immunoreactive fibers were shown to occur in the olfactory tract, the striatum, the tegmentum and the basis mesencephali, the descending tract of the trigeminal nerve, the solitary tract, Lissauer's tract, and the dorsal horn of spinal cord. A comparison of the distribution of CGRP immunoreactivity in the mammalian and amphibian central nervous system revealed that, in relation to the size of the brain, CGRP is more extensively distributed in the amphibian than in the mammalian limbic system.
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    Distribution of calbindinlike immunoreactive structures in the optic tectum of normal and eye-enucleated cyprinid fish (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 265 (1991), S. 511-516 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calbindin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Teleosts ; Visual system ; Entreleation ; Cyprinus carpio ; Tinca tinca (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the ABC immunohistochemical method, we investigated the distribution of calbindinlike immunoreactive structures in the optic tectum of normal fish, Tinca tinca, and from normal and unilaterally eye-enucleated fish, Cyprinus carpio. In nonoperated individuals of both species the optic tectum contained numerous immunoreactive neurons with strongly positive somata located in the stratum periventriculare and a thick immunolabeled dendritic shaft ascending radially toward the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale. The retinorecipient layers contained many fibrous immunoreactive structures. Some varicose fibers, isolated or in small bundles, were localized to the stratum album centrale, especially in the dorsal tectal half. Unilateral eye removal produced the disappearance of the immunoreactive fibrous structures located in the retinorecipient layers of the tectum contralateral to the enucleation. The present work shows that calbindinlike immunoreactive substances are localized in specific neural circuits of the fish optic tectum and suggests that the calbindin-like immunoreactive fibers in the retinorecipient strata are of retinal origin.
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    Expression of carbohydrate epitopes L2/HNK-1 and L3 in the larva and imago of Drosophila melanogaster and Calliphora vicina (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 265 (1991), S. 589-600 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope ; L3 carbohydrate epitope ; Immunohistochemistry ; Extracellular matrix ; Calliphora vicina (Insecta) ; Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The carbohydrate epitopes L2/HNK-1 and L3 belong to two overlapping families of adhesion molecules in the vertebrate, and probably the invertebrate nervous systems. To investigate their pattern of expression during the development of insects, cryosections of late third instar larvae and imagoes of Drosophila melanogaster and Calliphora vicina were studied by indirect immunofluorescence using several monoclonal antibodies to the L2/HNK-1 and one monoclonal antibody to the L3 epitope. Each monoclonal antibody to the L2/HNK-1 epitope showed a different immunohistological staining pattern, which differed from that of the L3 monoclonal antibody. In both insect species the immunohistological staining patterns for the two carbohydrate epitopes were similar at the two developmental stages, with immunoreactivity not confined to the nervous system. In larvae, immunoreactivities of the monoclonal antibodies L2.334 and L3.492 were predominantly associated with the extracellular matrix as indicated by co-localization with laminin, particularly in the imaginal discs, while L2.349 revealed a more cell surface-associated distribution. In imagoes, immunoreactivities were detectable in most organs studied.
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    Localization of FMRFamide- and ACEP-1-like immunoreactivities in the nervous system and heart of a pulmonate mollusc, Achatina fulica (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 451-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; ACEP-1 (Achatina cardio-excitatory peptide-1) ; Cardiac regulation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Achatina fulica (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical localization of two neuropeptides possibly involved in the regulation of cardiac activity in a pulmonate mollusc, Achatina fulica Férussac, was studied. On the ventral surface of the right cerebral ganglion, more than 50 neurons with diameters of 30–50 μm showed immunoreactivity to the antiserum of the neuropeptide FMRFamide. Many were also immunoreactive to an antiserum raised against Achatina cardio-excitatory peptide-1 (ACEP-1). Although FMRFamidelike immunoreactive neurons occurred in all components of the subesophageal ganglia, identifiable ACEP-1-like immunoreactive neurons were located only in the visceral ganglion and the right parietal ganglion. In the heart, FMRFamide- and ACEP-1-like immunoreactive fibers were restricted to the atrium and the aortic end of the ventricle, consistent with morphological observations of cardiac innervation. The present results suggest that FMRFamide-and ACEP-1-like peptides are involved in regulating the heart beat of this snail.
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    Antibodies to quinolinic acid and the determination of its cellular distribution within the rat immune system (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 461-469 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurotoxins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages ; Dendritic reticulum cell ; B-cells ; Indoleamines ; NADPH oxidase ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antibodies to quinolinic acid were produced in rabbits with protein-conjugated and gold particle-adsorbed quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid immunoreactivity was below detection limits in carbodiimide-fixed rat brain. In contrast, strong quinolinic acid immunoreactivity was observed in spleen cells with variable, complex morphology located predominantly in the periarterial lymphocyte sheaths. In the thymus, quinolinic acid immunoreactivity was observed in cells with variable morphology, located almost exclusively in the medulla. Lymph nodes and gut-associated lymphoid tissue contained many, strongly stained cells of similar complex morphology in perifollicular areas. Immunoreactivity in liver and lung was restricted to widely scattered, perivascular cells and alveolar cells respectively. Additional stained cells with complex morphology were observed in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, in skin, and in the lamina propria of intestinal villi. Follicles in all secondary lymphoid organs were diffusely stained, ranging from mildly to moderately immunoreactive in spleen, to intensely immunoreactive in gut-associated lymphoid tissue. These results suggest that quinolinic acid is an immune system-specific molecule. Two hypothetical schemes are proposed to account for high levels of quinolinic acid in specific cells of the immune system.
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    Chorionic gonadotropin-like proteins in the obplacental giant cells of the rabbit (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 573-578 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Placenta ; Giant cells ; Chorionic gonadotropin ; Luteotropin ; Electrophoresis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Obplacental giant cells are enlarged cells, found following implantation, in the antimesometrial region of the rabbit uterus. They probably originate from trophoblastic knobs that traverse the uterine epithelium during early implantation. Little is known about their function. In this study, trophoblast, placental, paraplacental and obplacental tissues at days 7–15 post-coitum, and enzyme-isolated giant cells at day 15 were studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by immunoblotting and light-microscopic immunohistochemistry, for the presence of human chorionic gonado- tropin-like proteins. Immunostaining was performed by using anti-human chorionic gonadotropin antibodies. In gel electrophoresis of obplacental tissue and isolated giant cells, two proteins of human chorionic gonadotropin-like antigenicity at 26 kDa with pIs equivalent to pH 6.4 and 6.6 were found; they were absent in the placenta, paraplacenta, day-7 blastocyst and day-8 trophoblast. The onset of synthesis of these proteins could be observed when day-8 trophoblastic tissue was cultured in vitro for 24 h. In immunohistochemistry, only the obplacental giant cells showed a positive reaction, indicating that the production of chorionic gonadotropin occurs in this cell type.
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    Localization of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) immunoreactivity and hormone receptor mRNA in testicular tissue of infertile men (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 595-600 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: FSH ; Immunohistochemistry ; Receptor mRNA ; In situ hybridization ; Sertoli cell ; Testis ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Testicular biopsies from 82 oligo- or azoospermic male patients were subjected to immunostaining using anti-human FSH antibodies. Histological evaluation showed normal spermatogenesis (nspg) in 7 (FSH: 2.7±0.7), mixed atrophy (ma) in 63 (FSH: 5.3±0.5), and bilateral or unilateral Sertoli Cell Only syndrome (SCO) in 12 (FSH:21.7±3.5) patients. For the relationship between FSH values and testicular histology, see Bergmann et al. (1994). FSH immunoreactivity was found exclusively in Sertoli cells and in some interstitial cells. Seminiferous epithelium showing normal or impaired spermatogenesis displayed only weak immunoreactivity compared to intense immunoreaction, i.e. large and numerous vesicles in Sertoli cells of SCO tubules in biopsies showing mixed atrophy or SCO. In addition, h-FSH receptor mRNA was demonstrated by in situ hybridization using biotinylated cDNA antisense oligonucleotides. Hybridization signals were found within the seminiferous epithelium exclusively in Sertoli cell cytoplasm associated with normal spermatogenesis and in epithelia showing different signs of impairment, including SCO. It is concluded that: (1) Sertoli cells are the only cells within the seminiferous epithelium expressing FSH receptors; (2) the accumulation of FSH immunoreactivity in Sertoli cells of SCO tubules appears to be a sign of impaired Sertoli cell function.
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    Coexistence of substance P, neuropeptide Y, VIP, and CGRP in the nerve fibers of the carotid labyrinth of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana: a double-labelling immunofluorescence study in combination with alternate consecutive sections (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 91-97 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid labyrinth ; Coexistence ; Substance P ; CGRP ; VIP ; Neuropeptide Y ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Double immunohistochemical staining with rhodamine- and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antisera revealed the coexistence of substance P (SP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and SP and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in most nerve fibers in the intervascular stroma of the carotid labyrinth of the bull-frog, Rana catesbeiana, although there were a few fibers which showed only SP- or NPY-immunoreactivity. Approximately one third of SP-immunoreactive fibers also showed coexistence with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactivity, and a few fibers contained VIP without SP. The combination of the double immunofluorescence technique and alternate consecutive sections further demonstrated the possible coexistence of SP, VIP, NPY, and CGRP. This coexistence of four different peptides in the same nerve fibers was proved by the following two evident facts: 1) some SP fibers which demonstrated coexistence with NPY-immunoreactivity were assumed to be continuous with those showing VIP-immunoreactivity, and 2) almost all of the SP fibers showed coexistence with CGRP-immunoreactivity. By this reasoning, nearly one third of SP fibers may demonstrate coexistence with NPY-, VIP-, and CGRP-immunoreactivities. These multiple peptides might be involved in vascular regulatory function, which is a possible function of the amphibian carotid labyrinth.
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    Calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in the pharynx and lung of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 115-121 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pharynx ; Lung ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Substance P ; Coexistence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling in the pharynx and lung of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of two neuropeptides. In the pharynx, immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were localized in nerve fibers distributed within and just beneath the ciliated epithelium. In the lung, CGRP and SP were localized in nerve fibers in five principal locations: 1) within the smooth muscle layer in the interfaveolar septa; 2) in the luminal thickened edges of the septa; 3) around the pulmonary vasculature; 4) within, and 5) under the ciliated epithelium. Within the smooth muscle layer in the septa, luminal thickened septa, and around blood vessels, almost all fibers showed coexistence of CGRP and SP. Within and just beneath the ciliated epithelium in the thickened septa, all fibers showed coexistence of CGRP and SP. No immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, galanin, somatostatin, FMRFamide, and leucine-and methionine-enkephalins was detected in the nerve fibers within the larynx and the lung. Together with our previous data, the present findings suggest that peptidergic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of amphibian respiratory systems throughout their life.
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    Distribution of immunoreactive neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated by immunofluorescence (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 307-311 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Pancreas ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Coexistence ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling for eight neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of certain neuropeptides in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), FMRFamide (FMRF), and galanin (GAL) was localized in nerve fibers distributed between the acini and around the duct system and vasculature of the exocrine pancreas. In these regions, CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were more numerous than those containing the other five peptides. Almost all SP fibers showed coexistence of SP with CGRP, and about one third of fibers also showed coexistence of SP with VIP, NPY, FMRF, and GAL. In the endocrine pancreas, SP, CGRP, VIP, and GAL were recognized in the nerve fibers around and within the islets of Langerhans, and VIP and GAL fibers were more numerous than SP and CGRP fibers. All CGRP fibers, and about half of the VIP and GAL fibers were immunoreactive for SP. NPY- and FMRF-immunoreactive cells were found at the periphery of the islets. These findings suggest that the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions of the bullfrog are under the control of peptidergic innervation.
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    Expression of neuron-specific enolase in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl during post-hatching development (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1994), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Pineal organ ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Post-hatching development ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Immunohistochemistry for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) revealed that NSE is localized in both a limited number of pinealocytes and intrinsic afferent neurons in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl. Furthermore, a computer-assisted three-dimensional imaging technique allowed to clarify the reverse distributional pattern of both elements: NSE-positive pinealocytes displayed a dense distribution especially in the vesicular portion of the gland, whereas NSE-immunoreactive nerve cells were mainly found in the pineal stalk. The number of NSE-positive intrinsic neurons in the pineal organ of chickens decreased rapidly after hatching, with a concentration of these elements in the basal portion (stalk) of the pineal organ. On the other hand, immunoreactive pinealocytes increased remarkably in the end-vesicle of the organ with age, followed by a gradual expansion toward the proximal portion. Thus, the spectacular increase in NSE-positive pinealocytes and the progressive reduction of reactive neurons occurred in parallel during the course of post-hatching development. NSE-immunoreactive pinealocytes displayed morphological characteristics of bipolar elements, endowed with an apical protrusion into the pineal lumen and a short basal process at younger stages, whereas multipolar types of NSE-positive pinealocytes were predominantly found in the adult domestic fowl. These results indicate that in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl (1) the ontogenetic expansion of NSE-immunoreactive pinealocytes is paralleled by a regressive afferent innervation, (2) the NSE-positive pinealocytes transform from a bipolar (columnar) type to a multipolar type during post-hatching development, and (3) these ontogenetic changes in the NSE-immunoreactivity and morphology of pinealocytes may reflect the development of a neurosecretory-like capacity of the organ.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050258
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    Calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in the pharynx and lung of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1994), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Pharynx ; Lung ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Substance P ; Coexistence ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling in the pharynx and lung of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of two neuropeptides. In the pharynx, immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were localized in nerve fibers distributed within and just beneath the ciliated epithelium. In the lung, CGRP and SP were localized in nerve fibers in five principal locations: 1) within the smooth muscle layer in the interfaveolar septa; 2) in the luminal thickened edges of the septa; 3) around the pulmonary vasculature; 4) within, and 5) under the ciliated epithelium. Within the smooth muscle layer in the septa, luminal thickened septa, and around blood vessels, almost all fibers showed coexistence of CGRP and SP. Within and just beneath the ciliated epithelium in the thickened septa, all fibers showed coexistence of CGRP and SP. No immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, galanin, somatostatin, FMRFamide, and leucine- and methionine-enkephalins was detected in the nerve fibers within the larynx and the lung. Together with our previous data, the present findings suggest that peptidergic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of amphibian respiratory systems throughout their life.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050268
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    Chemical codes of sensory neurons innervating the guinea-pig adrenal gland (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1994), S. 169-181 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Adrenal gland ; Dorsal root ganglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofilament ; Neuronal tracing ; Neuropeptides ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Substance P ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Retrograde neuronal tracing in combination with double-labelling immunofluorescence was applied to distinguish the chemical coding of guinea-pig primary sensory neurons projecting to the adrenal medulla and cortex. Seven subpopulations of retrogradely traced neurons were identified in thoracic spinal ganglia T1-L1. Five subpopulations contained immunolabelling either for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) alone (I), or for CGRP, together with substance P (II), substance P/dynorphin (III), substance P/cholecystokinin (IV), and substance P/nitric oxide synthase (V), respectively. Two additional subpopulations of retrogradely traced neurons were distinct from these groups: neurofilament-immunoreactive neurons (VI), and cell bodies that were nonreactive to either of the antisera applied (VII). Nerve fibres in the adrenal medulla and cortex were equipped with the mediator combinations I, II, IV and VI. An additional meshwork of fibres solely labelled for nitric oxide synthase was visible in the medulla. Medullary as well as cortical fibres along endocrine tissue apparently lacked the chemical code V, while in the external cortex some fibres exhibited code III. Some intramedullary neuronal cell bodies revealed immunostaining for nitric oxide synthase, CGRP or substance P, providing an additional intrinsic adrenal innervation. Perikarya, immunolabelled for nitric oxide synthase, however, were too few to match with the large number of intramedullary nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive fibres. A non-sensory participation is also supposed for the particularly dense intramedullary network of solely neurofilament-immunoreactive nerve fibres. The findings give evidence for a differential sensory innervation of the guinea-pig adrenal cortex and medulla. Specific sensory neuron subpopulations suggest that nervous control of adrenal functions is more complex than hitherto believed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050272
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    Ontogeny of calbindin-D28K and calretinin in developing chick kidney (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1994), S. 209-213 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Calcium-binding proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mesonephros ; Metanephros ; Chick embryo (White leghorn)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The ontogeny of two calcium-binding proteins (calbindin-D28k and calretinin) was studied by immunohistochemical techniques in developing chick kidney. This study showed the presence of calbindin on the 5th incubation day and calretinin on the 7th incubation day in mesonephric distal and connecting tubules, and in the medial wall of the Wolffian duct. At later stages, immunostaining for these two proteins, in particular for calretinin, was also demonstrated in some metanephric proximal tubules. Glomeruli and Bowman's capsules were negative both in the mesonephros and metanephros. The presence of calretinin in the developing kidney has thus been demonstrated for the first time. The early expression of calbindin and calretinin in mesonephric distal tubules suggests their role in regulating the final excretion of calcium. The different patterns of immunoreactivity of the walls of the Wolffian duct can be correlated with their different histogenetic and histological features.
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    Cytokeratin 18 is an M-cell marker in porcine Peyer's patches (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) ; M(membranous)-cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cytokeratins ; Yeast ; Pig (Minipig, Göttingen)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The intermediate filaments of the dome epithelium of porcine Peyer's patches were studied by immunohistochemistry. The labelling patterns of monospecific antibodies directed against cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 differed considerably. About 40% of the dome epithelial cells were intensely labelled by three different anti-cytokeratin 18 antibodies, indicating that large amounts of cytokeratin 18 are present in these cells. In order to verify that these cytokeratin-18-immunoreactive cells were M-cells, uptake studies using fluorescein-labelled yeast particles were performed. Numerous yeast particles were found exclusively in dome epithelial cells that were highly positive for cytokeratin 18, thus representing M-cells. In contrast, the content of cytokeratin 19 in M-cells was lower than that in neighbouring enterocytes. The labelling intensity of cytokeratin 8 did not differ between M-cells and enterocytes. In addition, the absence of vimentin and desmin from the dome epithelium of porcine Peyer's patches was demonstrated. The results show (1) that porcine M-cells differ from enterocytes in the composition of their cytoskeleton, (2) that cytokeratin 18 is a useful marker for detecting porcine M-cells and (3) that this marker directly correlas with M-cell function.
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    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of microfibril-associated components in the posterior chamber of the eye (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microfibrils ; Ciliary zonule ; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Fibrillin ; Freeze substitution ; Glycol methacrylate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (C57BL/6J) ; Chicken (White Leghorn)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Connective tissue microfibrils were observed in tissues prepared with methods believed to minimize the loss of tissue components. The eyes of C57BL/6J mice were fixed with glutaraldehyde followed by either freeze substitution, or embedding in glycol methacrylate, a water-miscible embedding medium, after limited or no dehydration. In these preparations, microfibrils were present within sheet-like layers observed in the posterior chamber of the eye. The material enclosing the microfibrils that formed the layer was also preserved, at least partially, by fixation of the tissue with uranyl acetate or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as observed in the chick eye. This microfibril-associated material was found to be composed of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as shown by positive immunostaining for HSPG, as well as by identification of 4.5 nm-wide HSPG double tracks as its major constituent. When a considerable amount of this material was lost in KMnO4-fixed tissues, the remaining portion was preserved in the form of clusters of about 50 nm in width which were periodically adhered along the length of microfibrils. At the center of each cluster, a minute dark particulate structure was present. It was composed of an approximately 10 nm-wide polygonal assembly of 3.5 nm-wide ring-like structures, and was, in unfixed chick eyes, positively immunostained for fibrillin. The periodicity of HSPG clusters, and of fibrillin, along the length of immunostained microfibrils was similar, ranging from 45 nm to 65 nm. These observations indicate that fibrillin is periodically associated at the surface of “classical” microfibrils, and it may mediate the association of large amounts of HSPG to microfibrils.
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    Aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in mouse brain areas that are known to express high levels of aromatase activity (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 561-574 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Aromatase ; Reproduction ; Preoptic area ; Hypothalamus ; Limbic system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jackson/C57)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The transformation of testosterone into estradiol in the brain plays a key role in several behavioral and physiological processes, but it has been so far impossible to localize precisely the cells of the mammalian brain containing the relevant enzyme, viz., aromatase. We have recently established an immunohistochemical technique that allows the visualization of aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the quail brain. In this species, a marked increase in the optical density of aromatase-immunoreactive cells is observed in subjects that have been treated with the aromatase inhibitor, R76713 or racemic Vorozole. This increased immunoreactivity, associated with a total blockade of aromatase activity, has been used as a tool in the present study in which the distribution of aromatase-immunoreactive material has been reassessed in the brain of mice pretreated with R76713. As expected, the aromatase inhibitor increases the density of the immunoreactive signal in mice. Strongly immunoreactive cells are found in the lateral septal region, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central amygdala, and the dorso-lateral hypothalamus. A less dense signal is also present in the medial preoptic area, the nucleus accumbens, several hypothalamic nuclei (e.g., paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei), all divisions of the amygdala, and several regions of the cortex, especially the cortex piriformis. These data demonstrate that, contrary to previous claims, aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in all brain regions that have been shown previously to contain high aromatase activity.
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    Basic fibroblast growth factor in rat salivary glands (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 467-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Salivary glands ; Cell growth assay ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the occurrence and localization of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in rat salivary glands using a specific monoclonal antibody. It was shown that the extract of rat salivary glands has a pronounced stimulatory activity on the growth of bovine capillary endothelial cells, which is blocked by the addition of an antibody against bFGF. The concentration of bFGF in the submandibular/sublingual gland, as determined by radioimmunoassay, was ∼80% that in the brain. Immunocytochemistry revealed bFGF-immunoreactivity localized primarily in the epithelial cells lining the striated ducts and excretory ducts of the parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands. In addition, intense bFGF-immunoreactivity was observed in the granular convoluted tubule of the submandibular gland, localized predominantly in the agranular pillar cells, which lay in small numbers among the majority of weakly immunostained cells containing many apical secretory granules. At the electron-microscopic level, the immunoreactive material was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasmic matrix and nuclei of all immunoreactive cells, whereas it was absent from all cytoplasmic organelles including the secretory granules. These results indicate that bFGF is localized in different cellular and subcellular compartments from those of other growth factors in the duct system of rat salivary glands.
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    Co-localization of peptides in the Brockmann bodies of the cod (Gadus morhua) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 547-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas, endocrine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptide Y ; Peptide YY ; FMRFamide ; LPLRFamide ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei) ; Gadus morhua (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endocrine cells exhibiting immunoreactivity to FMRFamide-like, LPLRFamide-like, neuropeptide Y(NPY)-like and peptide YY(PYY)-like peptides were found in the periphery of the Brockmann bodies of the cod, Gadus morhua, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No immunoreactivity or very weak labelling was found with antisera to pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity was found in nerve fibres, whereas labelling with VIP antiserum in endocrine cells disappeared after preincubation with nonimmune serum. There were always more immunoreactive cells in the rainbow trout than in the cod. No immunoreactivity could be seen with antisera to gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK) or enkephalin. Double-labelling studies were performed to study the colocalization of the peptides in peripheral endocrine cells. Cells immunoreactive to NPY were also labelled with antisera to FMRFamide, LPLRFamide and PYY. The co-localization pattern of NPY varied; in some Brockmann bodies, a population of the immunoreactive cells showed co-localization and others contained NPY-like immunoreactivity only, whereas in other Brockmann bodies, all NPY-labelled cells also contained FMRFamide-like, LPLRFamide-like and PYY-like immunoreactivity. Cells immunoreactive to PYY similarly contained FMRFamide-like, LPLRFamide-like and NPY-like immunoreactivity, comparable to the patterns observed with NPY. Glucagon-like immunoreactivity was found at the periphery of the Brockmann bodies. A subpopulation of the glucagon-containing cells contained NPY-like immunoreactivity. PYY-like immunoreactivity was also found co-localized with glucagon-like immunoreactivity, as were FMRFamide-like and LPLRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Therefore, either NPY-like and PYY-like immunoreactivity together with FMRFamide-like and LPLRFamide-like immunoreactivity occur in the same endocrine cells of the Brockmann body of the cod and rainbow trout, or a hybrid NPY/PYY-like peptide recognized by both NPY and PYY antisera is present in the Brockmann body.
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    Distribution of neuropeptides in the porcine stellate ganglion (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Stellate ganglion ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization and distribution of neuropeptides including neuropeptide Y (NPY), [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MEAGL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P and somatostatin (SOM) were analyzed in the stellate ganglion of the pig by use of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. NPY, MEAGL, SOM, VIP and CGRP immunoreactivities were found to exist in subpopulations of neuronal cell bodies of the stellate ganglion. A population of the small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells showed MEAGL immunoreactivity. In addition, the presence of NPY-, MEAGL-, CGRP-, SP-, SOM- and VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers and axonal varicosities were observed in the stellate ganglion. The localization and pattern of distribution of these peptides in the porcine stellate ganglion were compared with studies carried out on stellate ganglia of other mammalian species.
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    Class-specific epitopes detected by polyclonal antibodies against the secretory products of the subcommissural organ of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 515-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Reissner's fiber ; Secretory products ; Immunohistochemistry ; Development, phylogenetic ; Class-specific epitopes ; Dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula (Elasmobranchii)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have raised antisera against extracts of the subcommissural organ (SCO) of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula L. Brains of 2900 specimens were collected in acetone, and the region containing the SCO and posterior commissure was removed and extracted in three different media. Antisera against these crude extracts were raised in rats and rabbits. Sequential absorptions of the antisera with extracts from different regions of the dogfish brain were performed to eliminate unwanted antibodies. When used to immunostain sections of the whole central nervous system of the dogfish, these purified antisera reacted selectively with the SCO-Reissner's fiber complex. An antiserum against bovine Reissner's fiber was also used. The antisera against the dogfish SCO and bovine Reissner's fiber showed the same staining pattern in the SCO and the Reissner's fiber of the dogfish. For comparative purposes, the brains of 15 vertebrate species from all vertebrate classes were immunostained with both antisera. The anti-dogfish SCO serum reacted with the SCO of the dogfish and that of other phylogenetically related elasmobranch species. Neither the SCO of a primitive elasmobranch species, Heptranchias perlo, nor the SCO of the other classes of vertebrates reacted with the anti-dogfish SCO serum. However, the antiserum against bovine Reissner's fiber reacted with the SCO of all the investigated species. It is concluded that some epitopes (or compounds) in the secretory material of the SCO are class-specific, whereas others are conserved and are synthesized by the SCO in most vertebrate species.
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    The distribution and partial characterization of FMRFamide-related peptides in the salivary glands of the locust, Locusta migratoria (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 425-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Salivary glands ; Ventral nerve cord ; FMRFamide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Locusta migratoria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution and partial characterization of FMRFamide-related peptides in the salivary glands of the locust, Locusta migratoria, were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry, radioimmunoassay and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Whole-mount preparations of glands stained positively against anti-FMRFamide antisera, and contained the equivalent of 837±80 fmol FMRFamide/gland pair, as determined by radioimmunoassay. FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity occurred in the processes of the transverse nerves of both the prothoracic and mesothoracic ganglia, but was not found in the salivary motoneurons 1 or 2 of the suboesophageal ganglion, both of which directly innervate the salivary glands via the salivary nerve 7b; nor was it found within the salivary nerve 7b itself, leading to the salivary glands. It was, however, found as a superficial nerve plexus on the surface of nerve 7 at the suboesophageal ganglion, but did not appear to extend to the salivary glands. The origin of this staining is unclear. High performance liquid chromatography of salivary gland tissue extracts, monitored by radioimmunoassay, revealed 4 peaks of immunoreactive material, 2 of which co-migrated with AFIRFamide and GQERNFLRFamide, previously isolated from the locust ventral nerve cord. These 2 synthetic peptides did not elevate basal levels of the second messengers cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP in the salivary glands.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of secretory acetylcholinesterase of the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulin ; Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Scolecida) ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Various parasitic nematodes secrete acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In this study, the localization of AChE in the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the secretory forms of AChE in culture fluid were examined. A thiocholine method revealed that AChE activity was localized in the subventral glands, which have a secretory and excretory function via a duct connected to the excretory pore. By electron microscopy, AChE activity was found mainly in the matrix of secretory granules, and sometimes in the Golgi apparatus in the subventral gland cells. These results show that nematode AChE is produced and stored in the subventral glands. Monoclonal antibodies against AChE of human erythrocytes or electric rays also bound to the nematode subventral gland, suggesting immuno-cross-reactivity of AChE among these species. When AChE activity in the nematode excretory-secretory product was examined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with the thiocholine method, intense activity was demonstrated as a single band at 74kDa. Immunoblot analysis showed specific recognition of this molecule by IgE and IgG1 antibodies, but not by IgG2a antibody, in nematode-infected rat sera. These results indicate that the nematode AChE molecule produced in and secreted from the subventral glands is antigenic for the production of IgE/IgG1 in host animals.
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    Immune-complex trapping in the splenic ellipsoids of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Ellipsoids ; Spleen ; Immune complexes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), immunised with horseradish peroxidase, were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, and the trapping of antigen in the spleen was followed 1, 24, and 48 h after injection. After 1 h, the localisation of horseradish peroxidase indicated that the antigen had been extensively trapped in the walls of the splenic ellipsoids. The colocalisation of horseradish peroxidase with rainbow trout immunoglobulin M and complement factor 3 was shown with a double immunofluorescence technique and suggested that horseradish peroxidase was trapped in the form of immune complexes. After 24 and 48 h, very little horseradish peroxidase was detected in the ellipsoids, and horseradish peroxidase was mainly found in association with large cells with prominent cytoplasmic extensions. In nonimmunised fish given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, antigen was not detected in ellipsoids. Thus, the observed difference between immunised and nonimmunised trout suggests a specific role for the splenic ellipsoids in rapid immune-complex trapping and invites speculation on its significance in a secondary immune response.
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    RT97: a marker for capsaicin-insensitive sensory endings in the rat skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 155-161 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurofilament ; Primary afferent fibres ; Skin ; Capsaicin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mouse monoclonal antibody RT97, which recognises the 200-kDa neurofilament subunit in its phosphorylated form, selectively labels the somata of sensory A-fibres (large light cells) in the dorsal root ganglion of the rat. We have tested the hypothesis that this antibody also visualises large diameter sensory fibres and their end structures in peripheral tissue, in particular in the skin. RT97 immunoreactivity is found in endings that are known to be served by myelinated afferent fibres, including Meissner-like endings, Merkel discs, hair follicle receptors, Pacinian corpuscles and free nerve endings. RT97 immunoreactivity has not, however, been observed in endings of presumably unmyelinated sensory fibres (intraepidermal fibres immunoreactive for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) or in sympathetic fibres innervating sweat glands and blood vessels. In addition, neither systemic (100–150 mg/kg as adults) nor perineural capsaicin pre-treatment affects RT97 immunoreactivity in the skin. The data indicate that RT97 is a useful marker in the study of the capsaicin-insensitive sensory innervation of the skin and possibly other peripheral organs.
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    Pro-enkephalin opioid peptides are abundant in porcine and bovine splenic nerves, but absent from nerves of rat, mouse, hamster, and guinea-pig spleen (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 143-152 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Enkephalin ; Opioid peptides ; Spleen ; Innervation ; Neuro-immunology ; Species differences ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow ; Pig ; Guinea-pig ; Mouse ; Rat ; Dsungarian hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The opioidergic innervation of the mammalian spleen and possible species differences were investigated. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed that splenic nerves of bovine and porcine spleen, but not of rat, mouse, hamster and guinea-pig spleen contained proenkephalin-derived opioidergic innervation. Immunoreactivity to both prodynorphin and pro-opiomelanocortin was absent from splenic nerves. In bovine and porcine spleen, fibers immunoreactive for met-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, leu-enkephalin and peptide F formed perivascular plexus, traveled in trabecular connective tissue, and extended into the capsule. Spatial relationships with immune cells were apparent in the white and red pulp, excluding lymphoid follicles. Colocalization of enkephalin immunoreactivity with immunoreactivities for tyrosin hydroxylase, dopamin-β-hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y, but not for substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide were found. Our results provide evidence that opioid expression in splenic innervation is strongly species-dependent and exclusively proenkephalin-derived. Colocalization with marker enzymes of noradrenergic neurons indicates a mainly postganglionic sympathetic origin of proenkephalinergic splenic innervation. Opioidergic perivascular nerves probably control the splenic blood flow. A close interrelationship of opioidergic fibers with immune cells provides the anatomical basis for direct effects of neurally released opioids on splenic immune functions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307968
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    Endogenous opioid peptides in parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory nerves in the guinea-pig heart (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Dynorphins ; Leucine-enkephalin ; Parasympathetic nerves ; Sympathetic axons ; Sensory axons ; Immunohistochemistry ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Research has suggested that exogenous opi- oid substances can have direct effects on cardiac muscle or influence neurotransmitter release via presynaptic modulation of neuronal inputs to the heart. In the present study, multiple-labelling immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the distribution of endogenous opioid peptides within the guinea-pig heart. Approximately 40% of cardiac ganglion cells contained immunoreactivity for dynorphin A (1–8), dynorphin A (1–17) and dynorphin B whilst 20% displayed leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity. Different populations of opioid-containing ganglion cells were identified according to the co-existence of opioid immunoreactivity with immunoreactivity for somatostatin and neuropeptide Y. Immunoreactivity for prodynorphin-derived peptides was observed in many sympathetic axons in the heart and was also observed, though to a lesser extent, in sensory axons. Leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity was observed in occasional sympathetic and sensory axons. No immunoreactivity was observed for met-enkephalin-arg-gly-leu or for beta-endorphin. These results demonstrate that prodynorphin-derived peptides are present in parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory nerves within the heart, but suggest that only the prodynorphin gene is expressed in guinea-pig cardiac nerves. This study has shown that endogenous opioid peptides are well placed to regulate cardiac function via both autonomic and sensory pathways.
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    The monoclonal antibody GB 42 – a useful marker for the differentiation of myofibroblasts (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 231-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Placenta ; Stem villi ; Actin isoforms ; Myofibroblasts ; Smooth muscle cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The expression patterns of a variety of cytoskeletal antigens were studied in normal human tissues (placenta, umbilical cord, myometrium, colon, mammary gland, testis, skeletal muscle, myocardium) as well as in abnormal human tissues (palmar fibromatosis, fibrocystic disease of the mammary gland, mammary carcinoma). The immunohistochemical binding patterns of the monoclonal antibody GB 42 were compared to those of commercial antibodies directed against vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle myosin, pan actin, α-smooth muscle actin and γ-smooth muscle actin. Methods applied comprised immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections and paraffin sections. Immunogold immunocytochemistry was performed on Lowicryl sections. The patterns of GB 42-binding were confirmed biochemically by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting, and quantitative amino acid analysis. Our data suggest that the monoclonal antibody GB 42 recognizes an actin isoform which is identical to, or closely related to, γ-smooth muscle actin. Unlike the commercially available antibody against γ-smooth muscle actin, GB 42 does not cross-react with α-skeletal or α-cardiac actins. The GB 42-antigen is expressed in smooth muscle cells, myoepithelial cells and in later stages of differentiation of myofibroblasts, in all the tissues investigated. Throughout the development of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts, the appearance of the GB 42-antigen occurs after the expression of vimentin, desmin and α-smooth muscle actin, but prior to the expression of smooth muscle myosin. GB 42 is a reliable marker for higher stages of differentiation of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts.
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    Immunohistochemical localization of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, in the mouse testis: its unique accumulation in spermatid nuclei (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Calcineurin ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatids ; Nuclear transformation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jcl:ICR ; BALB/c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Immunohistochemical localization of a calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, was studied in the mouse testis in relation to previous observations showing that calmodulin is unusually rich in spermatogenic stages from mid-pachytene spermatocytes to elongating spermatids. The antibodies raised against calcineurin from scallop testis reacted with subunit B, but not subunit A, of calcineurin isoforms from mouse brain and testis. Indirect immunofluorescence using these antibodies on the mouse testis revealed positive reactions only in the nuclei of round or elongating spermatids: calcineurin started to accumulate in nuclei from the acrosomal cap phase, peaked at the initial stage of nuclear elongation, and decreased thereafter. There was almost no signal in the cytoplasm; spermatogenic cells at other stages, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, mature sperm, and other somatic cells in the seminiferous tubules were totally negative. Immuno-electron microscopy gave the same result, on the basis of measuring the density of immunogold particles. These results suggest a role for calcineurin in remodeling of the nuclear chromatin in metamorphosing spermatids.
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    Differential expression of three glutamate transporter subtypes in the rat retina (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 286 (1996), S. 325-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Retina ; Glutamate transporter subtypes (GLT-1 ; EAAC-1 ; GLAST-1) ; Expression ; Anti-peptide antibodies ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glutamatergic pathways ; Rat (Wistar ; Brown Norway)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The immunocytochemical distribution of the three excitatory amino acid transporter subtypes GLT-1, GLAST-1 and EAAC-1 was studied in the rat retina using antibodies raised against synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminus of each transporter subtype (Rothstein et al. 1994). A comparative immunoblot analysis of rat cortex, cerebellum and retina membrane proteins suggested the following rank order of glutamate transporter subtype expression in retina: GLAST-1≥EAAC-1〉GLT-1. GLAST-1 immunoreactivity was seen in Müller cells and astrocytes. EAAC-1 was found in horizontal cells, in amacrine and displaced amacrine cells, and in ganglion cells. A minority of bipolar cells also expressed EAAC-1. GLT-1 was preferentially expressed by different types of bipolar cells; however, it was also found in some amacrine cells. The functional role of this differential distribution of glutamate transporters in the retina is discussed.
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    Apoptosis and cell proliferation in the Xenopus small intestine during metamorphosis (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 286 (1996), S. 467-476 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Apoptosis ; Cell proliferation ; Intestine ; small ; Metamorphosis ; Basement membrane ; Immunohistochemistry ; Xenopus laevis (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In the amphibian small intestine, the epithelial transformation from the larval to adult type is mainly the result of degeneration of the larval epithelium and development of the new (adult) epithelium. In this analysis at the cellular level, we chronologically examined apoptosis and cell proliferation in the Xenopus intestine by using in situ nick end-labeling of genomic DNA (TUNEL) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. During pre- and prometamorphosis, few apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL, and a small number of proliferating cells randomly distributed in the larval epithelium were labeled by BrdU. At the beginning of the metamorphic climax, when primordia of the adult epithelium were first detected, numbers of apoptotic cells suddenly increased in the larval epithelium, whereas numbers of proliferating cells increased only in the adult epithelium. Subsequently, a dramatic cell loss of the larval epithelium and a rapid growth of the adult epithelium occurred. Following complete epithelial replacement, the adult epithelium became differentiated into a simple columnar epithelium possessing a cell renewal system similar to that of mammalian intestinal epithelium. These results indicate that larval epithelial apoptosis progresses simultaneously with active proliferation of the adult epithelium during the early period of metamorphic climax, which coincides with the modification of the basement membrane lining both types of epithelia.
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    Type XV collagen exhibits a widespread distribution in human tissues but a distinct localization in basement membrane zones (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 286 (1996), S. 493-505 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Collagen ; Type XV ; Basement membrane zones ; Basement membrane ; Immunohistochemistry ; Antibody ; Recombinant protein ; Human tissues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The collagen family of proteins consists of 19 types encoded by 33 genes. One of the more recently discovered collagens is the α1 chain of type XV. Type XV collagen is comprised of a 577-amino-acid, highly interrupted, triple-helical region that is flanked by amino and carboxy noncollagenous domains of 555 and 256 residues, respectively. To address questions of where this collagen is localized and what its function may entail, we produced a bacteria-expressed recombinant protein representing the first half of the type XV collagen carboxy-terminal domain in order to generate highly specific polyclonal antisera. Immunoscreening of an expression library with the affinity-purified antibody revealed three clones coding for part of the type XV triple-helical region and the entire noncollagenous carboxy-terminus. Western blot analysis of human tissue homogenates identified a 116-kDa collagenase-sensitive protein and a 27-kDa collagenase-resistant fragment, whose electrophoretic mobilities were unchanged in the presence and absence of reductant. Northern blot hybridization to human tissue RNAs indicated that type XV has a prevalent and widespread distribution. To determine the precise localization of type XV collagen, immunohistochemical analyses at the light- and electron-microscopic levels were performed. Type XV exhibited a surprisingly restricted and uniform presence in many human tissues as evidenced by a strong association with vascular, neuronal, mesenchymal, and some epithelial basement membrane zones. These data suggest that type XV collagen may function in some manner to adhere basement membrane to the underlying connective tissue stroma.
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    Calbindin D28k-like immunoreactivity in the developing and regenerating circumvallate papilla of the rat (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1997), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Calbindin D28k ; Circumvallate papilla ; Taste buds ; Development ; Degeneration ; Regeneration ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of calbindin D28k (CB)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the circumvallate papilla (CVP) was examined during development and regeneration following bilateral crush injury to the glossopharyngeal nerve in the rat. In the adult CVP, CB-like immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibers were observed in the subgemmal region and some penetrated into the taste buds. CB-LI was also detected in the cytoplasm of the spindle-shaped gustatory cells in the lower half of the trench epithelium, which contained numerous synaptic vesicles and bundles of intermediate filaments. These CB-IR gustatory cells made synapse-like contacts with CB-IR nerve terminals. Some CB-IR nerve terminals made contacts with the gustatory cells negative for CB-LI. At least three developmental stages were defined with regard to the developmental changes in the distribution of CB-LI: (1) Stage I (embryonic day (E) 18–postnatal day (P)5): CB-IR nerve fibers appeared in the lamina propria just beneath the newly-formed CVP at E18, but the gustatory epithelium of the CVP contained no CB-IR structures. Taste buds with taste pores appeared at P1. (2) Stage II (P5–10): thin CB-IR nerve fibers began entering the trench epithelium, but no CB-IR cells were observed. (3) Stage III (P10–adult): in addition to the intragemmal and perigemmal CB-IR nerve fibers, very few CB-IR cells appeared in the taste buds around P10, and their numbers increased progressively. The changes in the distribution of taste buds and CB-LI following glossopharyngeal nerve injury were similar to those observed during development. On post-operative day (PO) 4, the taste buds and CB-IR cells decreased markedly in number. These CB-IR cells became round in shape, and the number of CB-IR nerve fibers decreased markedly. On PO8, both taste buds and CB-IR cells disappeared completely. The regenerated taste buds were first observed on PO12, increased rapidly in number by PO20, and increased slowly thereafter. CB-IR nerve fibers accumulated at the subgemmal region and began penetrating into the trench wall epithelium around PO16. CB-IR cells appeared between PO20 and PO24, and their numbers increased progressively and reached the normal level on PO40. The topographical localizations of the taste buds and CB-IR cells during development and regeneration were comparable to those of normal animals. The delay of the time courses for appearance of CB-IR nerve fibers and CB-IR cells compared to the appearance of taste buds during development and regeneration suggests that CB in the gustatory epithelium may participate in the survival of the taste bud cells rather than in the induction of the taste buds.
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    Localization of elastin mRNA and TGF-β1 in rat aorta and caudal artery as a function of age (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Elastin ; TGF-β1 ; Arteries ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Northern blot ; Ageing ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Several in vitro studies have previously demonstrated that the addition of TGF-β to aortic smooth muscle cells or skin fibroblasts stimulates elastin synthesis. It is not clear however whether, in vivo, TGF-β participates in the regulation of elastin synthesis, especially in physiological conditions. The aim of our study was to explore the localization of elastin mRNA and TGF-β1 in the rat thoracic aorta (an elastic artery) and caudal artery (a muscular artery). Elastin mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization and quantified using Northern blot analysis. TGF-β1 was detected using immunohistochemistry. The study was carried out as a function of age (rats of 3, 10, 20, and 30 months). We observed that TGF-β1 immunoreactivity is present predominantly, but not exclusively, at the sites of elastin synthesis as determined by elastin mRNA detection: in smooth muscle cells in the aorta and in endothelial cells in the caudal artery. The ability of exogenously added TGF-β1 (0.001–10 ng/ml) to modulate the steady-state levels of elastin mRNA in primary cultures of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts isolated from the thoracic aorta was also studied. At the highest concentration used, elastin mRNA levels increased 5-fold in endothelial cells and 11-fold in smooth muscle cells. The demonstration that TGF-β1 immunoreactivity is present at the sites of elastin synthesis in the thoracic aorta and in the caudal artery and the observation that TGF-β1 induces an increase in elastin mRNA levels in cultured endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells suggest that TGF-β1 may be implicated, at least in part, in the physiological regulation of elastin gene expression.
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    The projections of 5-hydroxytryptamine-accumulating neurones in the myenteric plexus of the small intestine of the guinea-pig (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: 5-hydroxytryptamine ; Myenteric neurones ; Retrograde tracing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chemical coding ; Morphology ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Retrograde tracing, combined with immunohistochemistry, was used to study the projections of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-accumulating neurones within the ileum of the guinea-pig, with confocal microscopy being used to characterise further their morphology. Two classes of neurones in the myenteric plexus, capable of taking up 5-HT or analogues, were distinguished. One class had Dogiel type I morphology with lamellar dendrites, was located on the edge or in the middle of ganglia and lacked immunoreactivity for somatostatin (SOM). The other class had smooth ovoid cell bodies with multiple filamentous dendrites and a single axon and represented a subset of the SOM-immunoreactive interneurones in the myenteric plexus. Varicosities immunoreactive for 5-HT alone, 5-HT/SOM or SOM alone were present in the myenteric ganglia. Both classes of 5-HT-accumulating neurones had long aboral projections within the myenteric plexus (up to 100 mm long) and to the submucous plexus and probably function as descending interneurones.
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    A neurochemical characterisation of the golden hamster myenteric plexus (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 385-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Gastrointestinal tract ; Intestine ; Myenteric plexus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuropeptides ; Co-localisation ; Golden (Syrian) hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The neurochemical composition of nerve fibres and cell bodies in the myenteric plexus of the proventriculus, stomach and small and large intestines of the golden hamster was investigated by using immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques. In addition, the procedures for localising nitric-oxide-utilising neurones by histochemical (NADPH-diaphorase) and immunohistochemical (nitric oxide synthase) methods were compared. The co-localisation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and nitric oxide synthase in the myenteric plexus of all regions of the gut was also assessed. The results demonstrated the presence of nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies immunoreactive to protein gene product, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, tyrosine hydroxylase, 5-hydroxytryptamine and nitric oxide synthase in all regions of the gastrointestinal tract examined. The pattern of distribution of immunoreactive nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies containing the above markers was found to vary in different regions of the gut. Myenteric neurones and nerve fibres containing immunoreactivity to nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-diaphorase reactivity, however, were shown to have an identical distribution throughout the gut. In contrast to some studies on the guinea-pig and rat, the co-existence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and nitric oxide synthase was seen in only a small population of myenteric neurones.
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    Expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II in human prostate, breast, bladder, and paraganglioma tumors (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 469-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words mRNA ; Cancerous epithelium ; Autocrine growth regulation ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blotting ; Benign prostate hyperplasia ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are potent mitogens for a variety of cancer cells in vitro. A paracrine/autocrine role of IGF-II in the growth of breast and prostate cancer cells has been suggested. Information on cell-type-specific IGF-II expression in vivo in the breast and prostate is, however, limited. Thus, cell types expressing IGF-II mRNA and protein in tumors were identified by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Of 36 prostate, 17 breast, and 10 bladder cancers, and 9 paraganglioma tissues examined, IGF-II was expressed in more than 50% of prostate, breast, and bladder tumors, and in 100% of paraganglioma tumors. Expression levels of IGF-II were highest in the paraganglioma and bladder followed by prostate and breast tumors. In all the tumors expressing IGF-II, both mRNA and protein were localized to malignant cells, expression in the stroma being minimal. Since previous studies had indicated that an incompletely processed form of 15-kDa IGF-II exhibited higher mitogenic potency than the completely processed 7.5-kDa IGF-II form, the quantity and size of IGF-II proteins expressed in these tumors were analyzed by Western immunoblotting. Greater expression of 15-kDa IGF-II relative to the 7.5-kDa IGF-II form was clearly demonstrated in all six prostate cancers and in half of the two breast and four bladder cancers examined. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the 15-kDa form of IGF-II expressed in cancerous cells contributes to autocrine cancer cell growth in vivo.
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    In situ detection of AE2 anion-exchanger mRNA in the human liver (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 481-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Anion exchange ; Bicarbonate secretion ; Bile-duct epithelial cells ; Hepatocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver lymphocytes ; T cells ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Na+-independent anion exchangers, a family of membrane proteins that mediate electroneutral exchanges of chloride and bicarbonate ions across the cell membrane, are considered to be involved in intracellular pH regulation as well as in transepithelial acid/base transport. Previous immunohistochemical data have shown that anion-exchanger-2 (AE2) protein is expressed in the liver parenchyma, localizing at both the canaliculi and the luminal surfaces of intrahepatic bile ducts, where it may have a role in the biliary secretion of bicarbonate. In the present study, we have carried out in situ hybridization experiments on biopsies of human liver using three overlapping antisense anion-exchanger-2 riboprobes. Anion-exchanger-2 mRNA signals were localized mainly in the cytoplasm of terminal and interlobular bile-duct cells, whereas weaker signals were observed in bile-duct cells of larger intrahepatic ducts. Furthermore, some hepatocytes, mostly periportal, contained detectable anion-exchanger-2 mRNA signals in their cytoplasm. No hybridization signals were observed in controls with sense riboprobes, with omission of the antisense probe, or with treatment of the sections with RNase before hybridizations. Finally, intense anion-exchanger-2 hybridization signals were observed in lymphomononuclear cells in sinusoids and in portal infiltrates. Immunocytochemical data from reverse-phase sections suggest that these cells correspond to some of the CD45R+ (UCHL1+) T lymphocytes resident in the liver.
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    P2X receptors in the rat duodenal villus (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words P2X receptor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Duodenum ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Immunohistochemical techniques were performed on freshly frozen sections of the duodenum of the rat using specific polyclonal antibodies to unique peptide sequences of P2X1–7 receptors. Of the antibodies to the seven known P2X receptor subtypes that mediate extracellular signalling by nucleotides, three reacted with discrete structures in the duodenal villus of the rat. Anti-P2X1 reacted with the capillary plexus in the intestinal villus, which did not extend to the crypt region, suggesting that nucleotides may be involved in the uptake and transport of metabolites. Anti-P2X5 immunostained the membranes of the narrow ”stem” of villus goblet cells, where the nucleus and cell organelles reside, possibly influencing synthesis and release of mucins. P2X7 receptor immunoreactivity was only seen in the membranes of enterocytes and goblet cells at the tip of the villus, where cells are exfoliated into the lumen, consistent with earlier findings that P2X7 is involved in apoptotic events. Thus, in complex structures such as the intestinal villus, purinoceptors appear to participate in several and diverse signalling functions.
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    Anally projecting neurons exhibiting immunoreactivity to galanin, nitric oxide synthase and vasoactive intestinal peptide, detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy, in the intestine of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 525-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Nervous system ; enteric ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myotomy ; Descending projections ; Gadus morhua (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The projections of enteric neurons showing immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and galanin were investigated in the myenteric plexus of the intestine of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Quantification of immunoreactive material on the proximal and distal side of a myotomy was performed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. NOS immunoreactivity was reduced anal to the myotomy, whereas there was an accumulation of immunoreactivity for VIP and for galanin oral to the cut. These results suggest the presence of VIP, NOS and galanin in neurons with oral–to–anal projections along the intestine of the cod. Since descending neurons in the myenteric plexus of many other vertebrates also contain these substances, we conclude that the oral–to–anal projections of neurons containing VIP, NOS and galanin are highly conserved features and important for the descending phase of intestinal peristalsis on an evolutionary basis.
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    Postnatal development of GABA- and glycine-like immunoreactivity in the cochlear nucleus of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 207-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Brain mapping ; Inhibitory neurotransmitters ; Auditory system ; Brain stem ; Immunohistochemistry ; Meriones unguiculatus (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The maturation of the morphological substrate for inhibitory interactions was investigated in the cochlear nucleus of the gerbil with immunocytochemistry for gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine on alternating vibratome sections. The patterns of immunostaining obtained with both antibodies in the adult closely conformed to the general mammalian scheme. Qualitative analyses revealed an age-related increase in staining intensity and in the relative numbers of immunolabelled cells after birth up to the age of 3–4 weeks. As early as birth and in all subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, a few labelled cells and puncta in the sections were stained either with the GABA or the glycine antibody. Immunoreactive puncta and cells were, however, far less abundant than in the adult, and the staining intensity of cells was only weak. The most strikingly GABA-immunolabelled cells at birth were the Golgi cells of the granule-cell domains. The numbers of weakly GABA- and glycine-immunostained cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus clearly increased between birth and the third postnatal week. At approximately the onset of hearing (postnatal day 12–14), some cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and small cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus gained adult-like GABA-staining properties. Almost adult-like labelling intensity was observed in glycine-immunoreactive cells of the deep dorsal cochlear nucleus and in some small cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus. Puncta staining to both antibodies appeared adult-like throughout the cochlear nucleus. About 2 weeks after the onset of hearing (at the latest), adult-like staining of all subsets of immunoreactive cells occurred throughout the cochlear nucleus in all specimens.
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    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and localization of two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the spinal cord of the frog Rana ridibunda (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Spinal cord ; Amphibian ; Biochemical characterization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana ridibunda (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Two molecular variants of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been previously characterized in the brain of amphibians, i.e., mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II). The aim of the present study was to identify the molecular forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and to localize gonadotropin-releasing hormone-containing elements in the spinal cord of the frog Rana ridibunda using highly specific antisera against mGnRH and cGnRH-II. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis combined with radioimmunoassay (RIA) detection revealed that frog spinal cord extracts contained both mGnRH and cGnRH-II. Immunohistochemical labeling revealed that the frog spinal cord was devoid of GnRH-containing cell bodies. In contrast, numerous GnRH-immunoreactive fibers were observed throughout the entire length of the cord. mGnRH immunoreactivity was only detected in the rostral region of the cord and consisted of varicose processes located in the vicinity of the central canal. cGnRH-II-positive fibers were found throughout the spinal cord, the density of immunoreactive processes decreasing gradually toward the caudal region. Two main cGnRH-II-positive fiber tracts with a rostrocaudal orientation were observed: a relatively dense fiber bundle surrounding the central canal, and a more diffuse plexus in the white matter. In addition, short, varicose cGnRH-II-positive processes with a radial orientation were present throughout the gray matter. These fibers were particularly abundant ventromedially and formed a diffuse network that ramified laterally to end in the vicinity of motoneurons. Taken together, these data indicate that the frog spinal cord, like the frog brain, contains two forms of GnRH. The presence of numerous cGnRH-II-immunoreactive fibers in the ventral horn suggests that cGnRH-II may influence the activity of a subpopulation of motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051115
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    Electronic Resource
    Multiple mechanisms contribute to myenteric plexus ablation induced by benzalkonium chloride in the guinea-pig ileum (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Myenteric plexus ; Benzalkonium chloride ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Glia ; Oncoproteins ; Guinea pig (Rodentia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Ablation of rat myenteric plexus with benzalkonium chloride has provided a model of intestinal aganglionosis, but the degenerative responses are not well understood. We examined the effects of this detergent on neurons and glia, including expression of c-Myc, c-Jun, JunB, and c-Fos, and on immunocytes in the guinea-pig ileum. Benzalkonium chloride (0.1%) or saline was applied to the serosal surface of distal ileum. Tissues were analyzed 2, 3, or 7 days later and compared with cyclosporine-treated and untreated animals. More than 90% of myenteric neurons were destroyed in ileal segments 3–7 days after benzalkonium-chloride treatment. Glia withdrew processes from around neurons after 2 days and were mostly gone after 3 days. Neuronal c-Myc began to disappear while c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB were evident in some neuronal nuclei after 2 or 3 days. After 3 days, widespread apoptosis was evident in the myenteric plexus. Populations of T cells, B cells, and macrophage-like cells in untreated and saline-treated myenteric plexuses were substantially increased 3 and 7 days after benzalkonium-chloride treatment. Cyclosporine delayed significant neuronal loss. We conclude that a variety of degenerative mechanisms may be active in this model, including an immune response which may actively contribute to tissue destruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050872
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