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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,365)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Elasticity
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 2010-2014  (22)
  • 1935-1939  (3,956)
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  • 1
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    Uplift and seismicity driven by groundwater depletion in central California (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-16
    Description: Groundwater use in California's San Joaquin Valley exceeds replenishment of the aquifer, leading to substantial diminution of this resource and rapid subsidence of the valley floor. The volume of groundwater lost over the past century and a half also represents a substantial reduction in mass and a large-scale unburdening of the lithosphere, with significant but unexplored potential impacts on crustal deformation and seismicity. Here we use vertical global positioning system measurements to show that a broad zone of rock uplift of up to 1-3 mm per year surrounds the southern San Joaquin Valley. The observed uplift matches well with predicted flexure from a simple elastic model of current rates of water-storage loss, most of which is caused by groundwater depletion. The height of the adjacent central Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada is strongly seasonal and peaks during the dry late summer and autumn, out of phase with uplift of the valley floor during wetter months. Our results suggest that long-term and late-summer flexural uplift of the Coast Ranges reduce the effective normal stress resolved on the San Andreas Fault. This process brings the fault closer to failure, thereby providing a viable mechanism for observed seasonality in microseismicity at Parkfield and potentially affecting long-term seismicity rates for fault systems adjacent to the valley. We also infer that the observed contemporary uplift of the southern Sierra Nevada previously attributed to tectonic or mantle-derived forces is partly a consequence of human-caused groundwater depletion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amos, Colin B -- Audet, Pascal -- Hammond, William C -- Burgmann, Roland -- Johanson, Ingrid A -- Blewitt, Geoffrey -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 22;509(7501):483-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13275. Epub 2014 May 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225-9080, USA. ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada. ; Nevada Geodetic Laboratory, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology and Nevada Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA. ; 1] Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-4760, USA [2] Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 97720-4767, USA. ; Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-4760, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24828048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; California ; Earthquakes/*statistics & numerical data ; Elasticity ; Environmental Monitoring ; Geographic Information Systems ; Groundwater/*analysis ; *Models, Theoretical ; Seasons ; Water Supply/analysis/*statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Soft microfluidic assemblies of sensors, circuits, and radios for the skin (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: When mounted on the skin, modern sensors, circuits, radios, and power supply systems have the potential to provide clinical-quality health monitoring capabilities for continuous use, beyond the confines of traditional hospital or laboratory facilities. The most well-developed component technologies are, however, broadly available only in hard, planar formats. As a result, existing options in system design are unable to effectively accommodate integration with the soft, textured, curvilinear, and time-dynamic surfaces of the skin. Here, we describe experimental and theoretical approaches for using ideas in soft microfluidics, structured adhesive surfaces, and controlled mechanical buckling to achieve ultralow modulus, highly stretchable systems that incorporate assemblies of high-modulus, rigid, state-of-the-art functional elements. The outcome is a thin, conformable device technology that can softly laminate onto the surface of the skin to enable advanced, multifunctional operation for physiological monitoring in a wireless mode.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Sheng -- Zhang, Yihui -- Jia, Lin -- Mathewson, Kyle E -- Jang, Kyung-In -- Kim, Jeonghyun -- Fu, Haoran -- Huang, Xian -- Chava, Pranav -- Wang, Renhan -- Bhole, Sanat -- Wang, Lizhe -- Na, Yoon Joo -- Guan, Yue -- Flavin, Matthew -- Han, Zheshen -- Huang, Yonggang -- Rogers, John A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):70-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250169.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Elasticity ; Electrocardiography/instrumentation/methods ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/instrumentation/methods ; Electroencephalography/instrumentation/methods ; Electromyography/instrumentation/methods ; Electrooculography ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Male ; Microfluidics/*instrumentation ; Monitoring, Ambulatory/*instrumentation/methods ; Monitoring, Physiologic/*instrumentation/methods ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Silicone Elastomers ; *Skin ; Wireless Technology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Mechanics: The forces of cancer (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonietz, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 22;491(7425):S56-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23320288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biophysics/methods ; Cell Communication ; *Cell Physiological Processes ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Elasticity ; Hardness ; Humans ; Medical Oncology ; *Models, Biological ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics/*pathology ; Rheology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Viscosity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Modelación de las propiedades mecánicas de películas de quitosana (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se elaboraron películas a partir de disoluciones a 3 % (m/v) de quitosana en ácido láctico a 1% (v/v), empleando glicerina, sorbitol o polietilenglicol como plastificante en concentraciones de 0,25 a 0,50 mL/g de quitosana. Se midieron el esfuerzo tensil, elongación, fuerza de ruptura, deformación y el espesor de las películas, con el objetivo de evaluar la influencia de la masa molar y concentración de plastificante sobre sus propiedades mecánicas. Se obtuvieron los modelos matemáticos que relacionan estos factores. Las películas con polietilenglicol, presentaron mayor esfuerzo tensil y fuerza de ruptura normalizada que las plastificadas con glicerina o sorbitol, pero resultaron menos elásticas y deformables, además, mientras mayor fue la concentración de plastificante, más elásticas resultaron las películas y menor fue el esfuerzo necesario para su rup- tura.
    Description: Films were obtained preparing 3% (w/v) chitosan solutions in 1% (v/v) lactic acid using glycerol, sorbitol or polyethylene glycol at 0.25 to 0.50 mL/g of polymer as plasticizers. Film thickness, tensile strength, force at break, deformation and elongation were measured in order to evaluate the effect of molar mass and plasticizers concentration on mechanical properties values. Mathematical models with these factors were proposed. Films with polyethylene glycol had higher tensile strength and normalized force at break than those which glycerol or sorbitol, but less elongation or normalized deformation. In addition, the films were more elastic and with lesser force at break with the increase of plasticizer concentration.
    Description: Published
    Description: plasticizer
    Description: edible film
    Keywords: Chitosan ; Biopolymers ; Elasticity ; Mechanical properties
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 5
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    Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-08
    Description: Hydrogels are used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, vehicles for drug delivery, actuators for optics and fluidics, and model extracellular matrices for biological studies. The scope of hydrogel applications, however, is often severely limited by their mechanical behaviour. Most hydrogels do not exhibit high stretchability; for example, an alginate hydrogel ruptures when stretched to about 1.2 times its original length. Some synthetic elastic hydrogels have achieved stretches in the range 10-20, but these values are markedly reduced in samples containing notches. Most hydrogels are brittle, with fracture energies of about 10 J m(-2) (ref. 8), as compared with approximately 1,000 J m(-2) for cartilage and approximately 10,000 J m(-2) for natural rubbers. Intense efforts are devoted to synthesizing hydrogels with improved mechanical properties; certain synthetic gels have reached fracture energies of 100-1,000 J m(-2) (refs 11, 14, 17). Here we report the synthesis of hydrogels from polymers forming ionically and covalently crosslinked networks. Although such gels contain approximately 90% water, they can be stretched beyond 20 times their initial length, and have fracture energies of approximately 9,000 J m(-2). Even for samples containing notches, a stretch of 17 is demonstrated. We attribute the gels' toughness to the synergy of two mechanisms: crack bridging by the network of covalent crosslinks, and hysteresis by unzipping the network of ionic crosslinks. Furthermore, the network of covalent crosslinks preserves the memory of the initial state, so that much of the large deformation is removed on unloading. The unzipped ionic crosslinks cause internal damage, which heals by re-zipping. These gels may serve as model systems to explore mechanisms of deformation and energy dissipation, and expand the scope of hydrogel applications.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642868/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642868/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, Jeong-Yun -- Zhao, Xuanhe -- Illeperuma, Widusha R K -- Chaudhuri, Ovijit -- Oh, Kyu Hwan -- Mooney, David J -- Vlassak, Joost J -- Suo, Zhigang -- R01 DE013033/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R37 DE013033/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 6;489(7414):133-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11409.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrylic Resins/chemistry ; Alginates/chemistry ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Elasticity ; Glucuronic Acid/chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids/chemistry ; Hydrogels/chemical synthesis/*chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymers/chemical synthesis/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Nonlinear material behaviour of spider silk yields robust webs (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: Natural materials are renowned for exquisite designs that optimize function, as illustrated by the elasticity of blood vessels, the toughness of bone and the protection offered by nacre. Particularly intriguing are spider silks, with studies having explored properties ranging from their protein sequence to the geometry of a web. This material system, highly adapted to meet a spider's many needs, has superior mechanical properties. In spite of much research into the molecular design underpinning the outstanding performance of silk fibres, and into the mechanical characteristics of web-like structures, it remains unknown how the mechanical characteristics of spider silk contribute to the integrity and performance of a spider web. Here we report web deformation experiments and simulations that identify the nonlinear response of silk threads to stress--involving softening at a yield point and substantial stiffening at large strain until failure--as being crucial to localize load-induced deformation and resulting in mechanically robust spider webs. Control simulations confirmed that a nonlinear stress response results in superior resistance to structural defects in the web compared to linear elastic or elastic-plastic (softening) material behaviour. We also show that under distributed loads, such as those exerted by wind, the stiff behaviour of silk under small deformation, before the yield point, is essential in maintaining the web's structural integrity. The superior performance of silk in webs is therefore not due merely to its exceptional ultimate strength and strain, but arises from the nonlinear response of silk threads to strain and their geometrical arrangement in a web.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cranford, Steven W -- Tarakanova, Anna -- Pugno, Nicola M -- Buehler, Markus J -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 1;482(7383):72-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22297972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Elasticity ; Hardness ; Models, Biological ; Silk/*chemistry ; *Spiders/physiology ; *Tensile Strength ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The fern sporangium: a unique catapult (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-17
    Description: Various plants and fungi have evolved ingenious devices to disperse their spores. One such mechanism is the cavitation-triggered catapult of fern sporangia. The spherical sporangia enclosing the spores are equipped with a row of 12 to 13 specialized cells, the annulus. When dehydrating, these cells induce a dramatic change of curvature in the sporangium, which is released abruptly after the cavitation of the annulus cells. The entire ejection process is reminiscent of human-made catapults with one notable exception: The sporangia lack the crossbar that arrests the catapult arm in its returning motion. We show that much of the sophistication and efficiency of the ejection mechanism lies in the two very different time scales associated with the annulus closure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noblin, X -- Rojas, N O -- Westbrook, J -- Llorens, C -- Argentina, M -- Dumais, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1322. doi: 10.1126/science.1215985.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), Laboratoire de Physique de la Matiere Condensee, CNRS UMR 7336, Nice, France. xavier.noblin@unice.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Shape ; Elasticity ; Polypodium/cytology/*physiology ; Sporangia/cytology/*physiology ; Spores/*physiology ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Elastic domains regulate growth and organogenesis in the plant shoot apical meristem (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: Although genetic control of morphogenesis is well established, elaboration of complex shapes requires changes in the mechanical properties of cells. In plants, the first visible sign of leaf formation is a bulge on the flank of the shoot apical meristem. Bulging results from local relaxation of cell walls, which causes them to yield to internal hydrostatic pressure. By manipulation of tissue tension in combination with quantitative live imaging and finite-element modeling, we found that the slow-growing area at the shoot tip is substantially strain-stiffened compared with surrounding fast-growing tissue. We propose that strain stiffening limits growth, restricts organ bulging, and contributes to the meristem's functional zonation. Thus, mechanical signals are not just passive readouts of gene action but feed back on morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kierzkowski, Daniel -- Nakayama, Naomi -- Routier-Kierzkowska, Anne-Lise -- Weber, Alain -- Bayer, Emmanuelle -- Schorderet, Martine -- Reinhardt, Didier -- Kuhlemeier, Cris -- Smith, Richard S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1096-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1213100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Wall/physiology/ultrastructure ; Elasticity ; Hydrostatic Pressure ; Lycopersicon esculentum/cytology/*growth & development ; Meristem/cytology/*growth & development ; Models, Biological ; *Morphogenesis ; Osmolar Concentration ; Osmotic Pressure ; Plant Shoots/cytology/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Geometry and mechanics in the opening of chiral seed pods (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: We studied the mechanical process of seed pods opening in Bauhinia variegate and found a chirality-creating mechanism, which turns an initially flat pod valve into a helix. We studied con fi gurations of strips cut from pod valve tissue and from composite elastic materials that mimic its structure. The experiments reveal various helical con fi gurations with sharp morphological transitions between them. Using the mathematical framework of "incompatible elasticity," we modeled the pod as a thin strip with a flat intrinsic metric and a saddle-like intrinsic curvature. Our theoretical analysis quantitatively predicts all observed con fi gurations, thus linking the pod's microscopic structure and macroscopic conformation. We suggest that this type of incompatible strip is likely to play a role in the self-assembly of chiral macromolecules and could be used for the engineering of synthetic self-shaping devices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armon, Shahaf -- Efrati, Efi -- Kupferman, Raz -- Sharon, Eran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1726-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1203874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bauhinia/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Biomimetic Materials ; Elasticity ; *Latex ; Mathematical Concepts ; Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Seeds/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Controlling inelastic light scattering quantum pathways in graphene (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-18
    Description: Inelastic light scattering spectroscopy has, since its first discovery, been an indispensable tool in physical science for probing elementary excitations, such as phonons, magnons and plasmons in both bulk and nanoscale materials. In the quantum mechanical picture of inelastic light scattering, incident photons first excite a set of intermediate electronic states, which then generate crystal elementary excitations and radiate energy-shifted photons. The intermediate electronic excitations therefore have a crucial role as quantum pathways in inelastic light scattering, and this is exemplified by resonant Raman scattering and Raman interference. The ability to control these excitation pathways can open up new opportunities to probe, manipulate and utilize inelastic light scattering. Here we achieve excitation pathway control in graphene with electrostatic doping. Our study reveals quantum interference between different Raman pathways in graphene: when some of the pathways are blocked, the one-phonon Raman intensity does not diminish, as commonly expected, but increases dramatically. This discovery sheds new light on the understanding of resonance Raman scattering in graphene. In addition, we demonstrate hot-electron luminescence in graphene as the Fermi energy approaches half the laser excitation energy. This hot luminescence, which is another form of inelastic light scattering, results from excited-state relaxation channels that become available only in heavily doped graphene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Chi-Fan -- Park, Cheol-Hwan -- Boudouris, Bryan W -- Horng, Jason -- Geng, Baisong -- Girit, Caglar -- Zettl, Alex -- Crommie, Michael F -- Segalman, Rachel A -- Louie, Steven G -- Wang, Feng -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 31;471(7340):617-20. doi: 10.1038/nature09866. Epub 2011 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21412234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Elasticity ; Electrons ; Graphite/*chemistry ; *Light ; Luminescence ; Photons ; *Quantum Theory ; *Scattering, Radiation ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Static Electricity
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Materials chemistry: Polymer networks take a bow (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huck, Wilhelm T S -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):425-6. doi: 10.1038/472425a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biosensing Techniques ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Elasticity ; Elastomers/chemistry ; Molecular Conformation/radiation effects ; Pliability ; Polymers/*chemistry/*radiation effects ; Tissue Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    On the growth and form of the gut (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-05
    Description: The developing vertebrate gut tube forms a reproducible looped pattern as it grows into the body cavity. Here we use developmental experiments to eliminate alternative models and show that gut looping morphogenesis is driven by the homogeneous and isotropic forces that arise from the relative growth between the gut tube and the anchoring dorsal mesenteric sheet, tissues that grow at different rates. A simple physical mimic, using a differentially strained composite of a pliable rubber tube and a soft latex sheet is consistent with this mechanism and produces similar patterns. We devise a mathematical theory and a computational model for the number, size and shape of intestinal loops based solely on the measurable geometry, elasticity and relative growth of the tissues. The predictions of our theory are quantitatively consistent with observations of intestinal loops at different stages of development in the chick embryo. Our model also accounts for the qualitative and quantitative variation in the distinct gut looping patterns seen in a variety of species including quail, finch and mouse, illuminating how the simple macroscopic mechanics of differential growth drives the morphology of the developing gut.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335276/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335276/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savin, Thierry -- Kurpios, Natasza A -- Shyer, Amy E -- Florescu, Patricia -- Liang, Haiyi -- Mahadevan, L -- Tabin, Clifford J -- R01 HD047360/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD047360-07/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):57-62. doi: 10.1038/nature10277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Chick Embryo ; Computer Simulation ; Elasticity ; Female ; Finches/embryology ; Intestines/*anatomy & histology/*embryology ; Mesentery/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Mice ; *Models, Anatomic ; *Models, Biological ; Quail/embryology ; Rotation ; Rubber
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  • 13
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    Biophysics: Push it, pull it (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hersen, Pascal -- Ladoux, Benoit -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):340-1. doi: 10.1038/470340a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Adhesion/physiology ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; Dictyostelium/*cytology ; Elasticity ; Single-Cell Analysis/*methods
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Materials science. Generating helices in nature (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forterre, Yoel -- Dumais, Jacques -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1715-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1210734.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IUSTI, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Universite, 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France. yoel.forterre@polytech.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bauhinia/*anatomy & histology ; Biomimetic Materials ; Elasticity ; Seeds/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Stochastic flood and precipitation regimes and the population dynamics of a threatened floodplain plant (2011)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 15 (2005): 1036–1052, doi:10.1890/04-0434.
    Description: Boltonia decurrens is an endangered plant restricted to the Illinois River Valley. Its complex life cycle has evolved in response to the dynamics of the historic flood regime, which has changed dramatically in the last century due to the construction of navigation dams and agricultural levees. To explore the effects of these changes, we developed deterministic and stochastic matrix population models of the demography of Boltonia. We used periodic matrix models to incorporate intra-annual seasonal variation. We estimated parameters as a function of the timing of spring flood recession (early or late) and of growing season precipitation (high or low). Late floods and/or low precipitation reduce population growth (λ). Early floods and high precipitation lead to explosive population growth. Elasticity analysis shows that changes in floods and precipitation alter the life history pathways responsible for population growth, from annual to biennial and eventually clonal pathways. We constructed and analyzed a stochastic model in which flood timing and precipitation vary independently, and we computed the stochastic growth rate (log λs) and the variance growth rate (σ2) as functions of the frequency of late floods and low precipitation. Using historical data on floods and rainfall over the last 100 years, we found that log λs has declined as a result of hydrological changes accompanying the regulation of the river. Stochastic elasticity analysis showed that over that time the contribution of annual life history pathways to log λs has declined as the contributions of biennial and clonal pathways have increased. Over the same time period, σ2 has increased, in agreement with observations of large fluctuations in local B. decurrens populations. Undoubtedly, many plant and animal species evolved in concert with dynamic habitats and are now threatened by anthropogenic changes in those dynamics. The data and analyses used in this study can be applied to management and development strategies to preserve other dynamic systems.
    Description: This work was supported by grants to M. Smith from NSF (DEB 9509763, DED 9321517), USACE, Illinois Groundwater Consortium and USFWS, and an EPA STAR grant (U- 91578101-2) to P. Mettler. H. Caswell also received support from NSF grant OCE-9983976 and EPA grant R-82908901, and a Maclaurin Fellowship from the New Zealand Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.
    Keywords: Boltonia decurrens ; Conservation ; Elasticity ; Floodplain ; Flood regime ; LTRE ; Matrix population model ; Periodic matrix model ; Stochastic elasticity ; Stochastic environment ; Stochastic matrix model ; Threatened species
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 16
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    Fire increases invasive spread of Molinia caerulea mainly through changes in demographic parameters (2011)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 15 (2005): 2097–2108, doi:10.1890/04-1762.
    Description: We investigated the effects of fire on population growth rate and invasive spread of the perennial tussock grass Molinia caerulea. During the last decades, this species has invaded heathland communities in Western Europe, replacing typical heathland species such as Calluna vulgaris and Erica tetralix. M. caerulea is considered a major threat to heathland conservation. In 1996, a large and unintended fire destroyed almost one-third of the Kalmthoutse Heide, a large heathland area in northern Belgium. To study the impact of this fire on the population dynamics and invasive spread of M. caerulea, permanent monitoring plots were established both in burned and unburned heathland. The fate of each M. caerulea individual in these plots was monitored over four years (1997–2000). Patterns of seed dispersal were inferred from a seed germination experiment using soil cores sampled one month after seed rain at different distances from seed-producing plants. Based on these measures, we calculated projected rates of spread for M. caerulea in burned and unburned heathland. Elasticity and sensitivity analyses were used to determine vital rates that contributed most to population growth rate, and invasion speed. Invasion speed was, on average, three times larger in burned compared to unburned plots. Dispersal distances on the other hand, were not significantly different between burned and unburned plots indicating that differences in invasive spread were mainly due to differences in demography. Elasticities for fecundity and growth of seedlings and juveniles were higher for burned than for unburned plots, whereas elasticities for survival were higher in unburned plots. Finally, a life table response experiment (LTRE) analysis revealed that the effect of fire was mainly contributed by increases in sexual reproduction (seed production and germination) and growth of seedlings and juveniles. Our results clearly showed increased invasive spread of M. caerulea after fire, and call for active management guidelines to prevent further encroachment of the species and to reduce the probability of large, accidental fires in the future. Mowing of resprouted plants before flowering is the obvious management tactic to halt massive invasive spread of the species after fire.
    Description: This work was supported by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) to HJ, the U.S. National Science foundation (DEB-0235692, OCE-0083976), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R-8290891) to MGN.
    Keywords: Disturbance ; Elasticity ; Fire ; Integrodifference equations ; Invasive spread ; LTRE ; Matrix population model ; Molinia caerulea ; Sensitivity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 17
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    Designed biomaterials to mimic the mechanical properties of muscles (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-07
    Description: The passive elasticity of muscle is largely governed by the I-band part of the giant muscle protein titin, a complex molecular spring composed of a series of individually folded immunoglobulin-like domains as well as largely unstructured unique sequences. These mechanical elements have distinct mechanical properties, and when combined, they provide the desired passive elastic properties of muscle, which are a unique combination of strength, extensibility and resilience. Single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies demonstrated that the macroscopic behaviour of titin in intact myofibrils can be reconstituted by combining the mechanical properties of these mechanical elements measured at the single-molecule level. Here we report artificial elastomeric proteins that mimic the molecular architecture of titin through the combination of well-characterized protein domains GB1 and resilin. We show that these artificial elastomeric proteins can be photochemically crosslinked and cast into solid biomaterials. These biomaterials behave as rubber-like materials showing high resilience at low strain and as shock-absorber-like materials at high strain by effectively dissipating energy. These properties are comparable to the passive elastic properties of muscles within the physiological range of sarcomere length and so these materials represent a new muscle-mimetic biomaterial. The mechanical properties of these biomaterials can be fine-tuned by adjusting the composition of the elastomeric proteins, providing the opportunity to develop biomaterials that are mimetic of different types of muscles. We anticipate that these biomaterials will find applications in tissue engineering as scaffold and matrix for artificial muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lv, Shanshan -- Dudek, Daniel M -- Cao, Yi -- Balamurali, M M -- Gosline, John -- Li, Hongbin -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):69-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis/*chemistry ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biomimetics/methods ; Biopolymers/*chemistry ; Connectin ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Elasticity ; Muscle Proteins/*chemistry ; Polyproteins/chemistry ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Materials science: Muscle mimic (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chaikof, Elliot L -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):44-5. doi: 10.1038/465044a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomimetic Materials/*chemistry ; Connectin ; Elasticity ; Muscle Proteins/chemistry ; Polymers/*chemistry ; Protein Kinases/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Developmental biology. Microenvironment mimicry (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhatia, Mickie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1024-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194919.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. mbhatia@mcmaster.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Mice ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*cytology/physiology ; Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology/physiology ; Regeneration ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Nonlinear elasticity and an 8-nm working stroke of single myosin molecules in myofilaments (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-07
    Description: Using optical trapping and fluorescence imaging techniques, we measured the step size and stiffness of single skeletal myosins interacting with actin filaments and arranged on myosin-rod cofilaments that approximate myosin mechanics during muscle contraction. Stiffness is dramatically lower for negatively compared to positively strained myosins, consistent with buckling of myosin's subfragment 2 rod domain. Low stiffness minimizes drag of negatively strained myosins during contraction at loaded conditions. Myosin's elastic portion is stretched during active force generation, reducing apparent step size with increasing load, even though the working stroke is approximately constant at about 8 nanometers. Taking account of the nonlinear nature of myosin elasticity is essential to relate myosin's internal structural changes to physiological force generation and filament sliding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaya, Motoshi -- Higuchi, Hideo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 6;329(5992):686-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1191484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20689017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Actomyosin/chemistry/physiology ; Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Compliance ; Elasticity ; Models, Biological ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/chemistry/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myosin Subfragments/physiology ; Myosins/chemistry/*physiology ; Quantum Dots ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: Recent advances in mechanics and materials provide routes to integrated circuits that can offer the electrical properties of conventional, rigid wafer-based technologies but with the ability to be stretched, compressed, twisted, bent, and deformed into arbitrary shapes. Inorganic and organic electronic materials in microstructured and nanostructured forms, intimately integrated with elastomeric substrates, offer particularly attractive characteristics, with realistic pathways to sophisticated embodiments. Here, we review these strategies and describe applications of them in systems ranging from electronic eyeball cameras to deformable light-emitting displays. We conclude with some perspectives on routes to commercialization, new device opportunities, and remaining challenges for research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, John A -- Someya, Takao -- Huang, Yonggang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1603-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1182383.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. jrogers@illinois.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biocompatible Materials ; Diagnostic Equipment ; Elasticity ; Elastomers ; *Electrical Equipment and Supplies ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Nanostructures ; *Semiconductors ; Therapeutics/instrumentation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Mechanical properties of sand, silt, and clay containing tetrahydrofuran hydrate (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (2007): B04106, doi:10.1029/2006JB004484.
    Description: The mechanical behavior of hydrate-bearing sediments subjected to large strains has relevance for the stability of the seafloor and submarine slopes, drilling and coring operations, and the analysis of certain small-strain properties of these sediments (for example, seismic velocities). This study reports on the results of comprehensive axial compression triaxial tests conducted at up to 1 MPa confining pressure on sand, crushed silt, precipitated silt, and clay specimens with closely controlled concentrations of synthetic hydrate. The results show that the stress-strain behavior of hydrate-bearing sediments is a complex function of particle size, confining pressure, and hydrate concentration. The mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments at low hydrate concentration (probably 〈 40% of pore space) appear to be determined by stress-dependent soil stiffness and strength. At high hydrate concentrations (〉50% of pore space), the behavior becomes more independent of stress because the hydrates control both stiffness and strength and possibly the dilative tendency of sediments by effectively increasing interparticle coordination, cementing particles together, and filling the pore space. The cementation contribution to the shear strength of hydrate-bearing sediments decreases with increasing specific surface of soil minerals. The lower the effective confining stress, the greater the impact of hydrate formation on normalized strength.
    Description: This research was sponsored by a contract to C.R. and J.C.S. from the Joint Industry Project for Methane Hydrate, administered by ChevronTexaco with funding from award DE-FC26- 01NT41330 from DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory. The Goizueta Foundation at Georgia Tech also provided support for this work. The research was completed while C.R. was on assignment at and wholly supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
    Keywords: Gas hydrate ; Sediment strength ; Elasticity ; Mechanical behavior ; Stiffness
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640101
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    On a new law of the bi-triangular medial concentration of the cephalic appendages in the chilopoda and the insecta (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A law of the “bi-triangular medial concentration of the cephalic appendages” in the Chilopoda and the Insecta is propounded. According to it, the cephalic appendages lying in front of and behind the intercalary pair of appendages undergo a concentration, both in phylogeny and in ontogeny, toward the median line. In this way, two hypothetical triangles, termed the ‘anterior or procephalic triangle’ and the ‘posterior or gnathocephalic triangle’ are formed, having a common base in the level of the intercalary appendages. The cephalic appendages occupy roughly either the sides or the apices of the triangles and the degree of their final medial concentration is in direct proportion to their distance from the triangular base. Before the final bi-triangular condition is achieved by the appendages, varying types of transitory shiftings are passed through.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640102
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prostomial glands of the Indian leech, Hirudinaria granulosa (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: 1. The prostomial glands, as described by Bourne, are deep-lying and unicellular, are distinctly different from the salivary glands, and their contents do not stain with boraxcarmine. They are ectodermal in origin.2. The material for the cocoon is secreted by the clitellar glands, while the prostomial glands secrete the yellowish plugs at the two poles which close the two ends of the cocoon.3. A fortnight after the cocoons are formed, the plugs become detached, leaving two outlets one at each pole, for the young leeches to wriggle out of the cocoon.4. The detachable plugs are possible only if not made of the same material as the cocoon.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640104
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondria in liver cells of fed and starved salamanders (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 9-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the hepatic cells of well-fed salamanders (Triturus pyrrhogaster) elongated mitochondria predominate which exhibit a diversity of shapes. Starvation tends gradually to produce a shift in predominance from the elongated to the granular forms of mitochondria; terminally looped and ring-shaped mitochondria also characteristic of the well-fed condition, gradually become rare to absent. Beaded elongated mitochondria increase in number after short periods of fasting, and appear to be transitional between smooth elongated mitochondria and granular mitochondria.Re-feeding tends to bring about a recovery of the mitochondrial picture of the well-fed animals.There are exceptions to the above general trend which show that the length of starvation and digestive activity are not the only factors that account for the changes in the mitochondrial condition. A closer relation is found between the mitochondrial condition and the relative amounts of fat and glycogen in the cell. It can be stated as a rule that the shift in predominance from elongated mitochondria to granular mitochondria parallels the decrease in amount of fat and glycogen in the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glands in the head capsule of coccinellid beetles with a discussion on some aspects of gnathal glands (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 47-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glands are classified by structure as multicellular complex acinose, multicellular simple tubular, and unicellular; by position as general, hypodermal, ocular, anternnal, intra-mandibular, mandibular, mandibulo-maxillary, maxillary, intra-cardonal and labial. Some open outside the extra-oral cavity. They are supposed to be offensive in function. The segmental origin of the gnathial is doubtful.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640105
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640201
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes on the retinae of two opossum genera (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 67-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In Didelphis virginiana and Marmosa mexicana the retina is sauropsidan in type and the eye as a whole is markedly adapted for scotopic vision. The superior half of the fundus of Didelphis is occupied by a tapetum lucidum of the retinal type, formed by the enlarged pigment epithelial cells which are devoid of pigment and packed with reflective particles of unknown composition. Such a tapetum is unique among mammals - in all known sub-mammalian retinal tapeta the reflective material is guanin and is occusible in bright light by migratory fuscin. The retinal capillaries in Didelphis extend to the external limiting membrane, apparently in adaptation to the low permeability of the dense tapetum. Only four other mammals are known to have such capillaries and no inclusive explanation seems to hold for all. Didelphis possesses an ‘area centralis of sensitivity’ associated with the tapetum. Both genera have abundant rods and scanty cones, of three types. The oil droplets of the droplet-bearing single cones and the double cones are colorless and the double cone contains only one, not two as reported by O'Day for other marsupials; nor are the members of the double cone ever alike in size and form. Opossum double cones are thus perfectly orthodox; primitive placental mammals should be examined for double cones and oil droplets.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640106
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    The musculature of Agelena naeviaThis is part of a dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in 1938. The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Prof. Alexander Petrunkevitch for his helpful suggestions and kindly criticism during the investigation here reported. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 115-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050640202
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Variations in the rate of mitosis in normal and colchicine-treated tadpoles of Rana pipiens and Amblystoma jeffersonianum (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 89-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Notes: Study of the epidermis of Rana pipiens and Amblystoma jeffersonianum showed no variations in the mitotic rate that were correlated with the age expressed in hours after hatching or with the time of day at which the tadpoles were fixed. The average mitotic index of the epidermis during the first day of larval life was 1.88 in the frog and 1.02 in the salamander. This was correlated with the earlier developmental stage at which the frog hatched. Colchicine in concentrations above 5 × 10-4 M. in the frog and above 2.5 × 10-3 M. in the salamander arrested almost all mitoses at metaphase. Inhibition was incomplete after treatment with concentrations of 1.25 × 10-4 M. in the frog and 5 × 10-4 M. in the salamander. Severe injury was characterized by the presence of vacuolated cells with deeply stained inclusions, similar to cells found after x-radiation. Cells continued to enter the prophase at the normal rate. The accumulation of metaphases during the first 4 hours of colchicine treatment indicated a mitotic period of about 80 minutes in the frog. During subsequent periods the expected accumulation of metaphases did not occur. It was concluded that the arrested metaphases either degenerated or passed into a resting stage without passing through anaphase.
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    Further investigation on the development of the vertebral column in salientia (Anura) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 167-209 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The development of the auditory ossicles of the opossum (didelphys virginiana)A thesis in zoology presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Pennsylvania in partial fulfillment for the degree Doctor of Philosophy. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 211-265 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Macronuclear reorganization in blepharisma undulansA dissertation presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University, in candidacy for the degree of doctor of philosophy, 1937. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 297-353 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939) 
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    The reproductive cycle in male bats of the species Myotis lucifugus lucifugus and Myotis grisescensA dissertation submitted from the department of zoology for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 267-295 
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    The morphology of the thyroid gland in the metamorphosing rana pipiens (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 355-373 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The anatomy and histology of the alimentary tract of locusta migratoria L. (orthoptera: Acrididae) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 375-399 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The morphology of the thymus and its changes with age in the neotenous amphibian (necturus maculosus)Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, New York University. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 455-481 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Cytology of the reproductive tract of the female bat myotis lucifugus lucifugusA dissertation submitted from the Department of Zoology for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Missouri. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 431-453 
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    The origin and fate of the entoderm elements in the embryogeny of porcellio laevis latr. and armadillidium nasatum B. L. (isopoda)Contribution No. 200 from the Department of Zoology, Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, Manhattan, Kansas. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 401-429 
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    The development of the chick pituitary with special reference to the cellular differentiation of the pars buccalisPresented at the Fiftieth Meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, 1938. Anat. Rec., vol. 70 (Suppl. no. 3), p. 64. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 483-517 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Development of the eye of the isopod, Idothea (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 519-553 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The egg and early development of the stonefly, pteronarcys proteus newman (plecoptera)Research Paper No. 641, Journal Series, University of Arkansas. The subject matter of this paper formed part of a thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University, June, 1938, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 64 (1939), S. 555-609 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    On the function and development of the sternal spatula in the Cecidomyiidae or gall midges as exemplified by Rhabdophaga saliciperda duf (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 1-15 
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    Further observations on the microscopic appearance and behavior of living thyroid follicles in the rabbit (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 17-51 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The histology of the digestive tube of the carp (Cyprinus carpio communis)Studies from the Department of Zoology, The University of Nebraska No. 201. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 53-78 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The differentiation of sex in the opossum (Didelphys virginiana) and its modification by the male hormone testosterone propionate (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 79-119 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The spermatogenesis of the Lycosid spider, schizocosa crassipes (Walckenaer) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 121-153 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    A study of nerve-muscle specificity in the forelimb of Triturus pyrrhogasterThis work has been supported by a grant from the Penrose Fund of the American Philosophical Society. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 155-185 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The epithelial components of the teleost pituitary gland as identified by a standardized method of selective staining (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 187-213 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The reproductive system of the male opossum, Didelphis virginiana Kerr and its experimental modificationThis investigation has been aided by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to The University of Chicago. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 215-239 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The thyroid gland of the Atlantic salmon (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 257-295 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The morphology and locomotor activities of Cyclochaeta domerguei wallengren (Protozoa) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 241-255 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The thyroid and parathyroid glands of the Barasingha deer, with particular reference to autofluorescence, fat and pigment (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 297-321 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Segmental blood vessels of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana (L.)) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 323-351 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939) 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The homology of the shell elements in turtles (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 383-409 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The modification of sexual differentiation in genetic female mice by the prenatal administration of testosterone propionateThe testosterone propionate (Perandren) used in these experiments was generously supplied by the Ciba Pharmaceutical Products Inc.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the invaluable technical assistance of Miss Rita Haffen, Mrs. Helen Struett, and Mr. W. L. Burkhardt. I am also indebted to Miss Madge Walsh of the Photographic Department, Northwestern University Medical School, for the photomicrographs. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 353-381 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The internal genitalia of female Acridinae, Oedipodinae and Pauliniinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae) (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 437-469 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The pituitary gland of the Atlantic salmon (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 411-435 
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    The post-embryonic development of the salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 471-495 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    The endostyle and thyroid gland of the brook lamprey, Ichthyomyzon fossor (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 549-605 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Sex differentiation during the early pouch stages of the opossum (Didelphys virginiana) and a comparison of the anatomical changes induced by male and female sex hormonesThe author is indebted to Mr. N. C. Jacobs for the drawings that illustrate this paper, and to Mr. M. C. Orser for all photographs and photomicrographs. (1939)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 65 (1939), S. 497-547 
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    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
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    Masthead (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939) 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400201
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    Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. 86. Über die Verwandtschaft von Rhenium zu Arsen (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 129-138 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Über Die Mischkristalle des Kryoliths mit Tonerde (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 145-149 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400206
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    Über die Mischkristallbildung zwischen einigen salzartigen Fluoriden von verschiedenem Formeltypus (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 150-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400207
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    Über eine neue, ferromagnetische Modifikation des Eisen (III)-oxyds (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 161-166 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Bei der Oxydation von Ferrosalzlösungen in alkalischer Lösung entsteht ferromagnetisches δ-Fe2O3.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400209
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    Gleichgewichtsstudien über erzbildende Sulfide. I (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 173-197 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Studiert wurden die Isothermen des reduzierten Abbaues der folgenden Thioantimonid- und Thiobismutidgruppen Ferner wurden orientierende Versuche über die Aufschwefelung von FeS und Cu2S mit H2S/H2-Mischungen vorgenommen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400211
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    Zum Mechanismus der Aggregation der Kieselsäure aus Natriumsilikatlösungen. I. Die in sauren Lösungen beständige niedermolekulare Kieselsäure (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 198-208 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wurden die Gleichgewichtsverhältnisse zwischen niedermolekularer und höher aggregierter Kieselsäure in verdünnten Natriumsilikatlösungen in Abhängigkeit von [H+], Alter und Art der Säure studiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400212
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    Topochemisch hergestellte Eisenhydroxydpräparate (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 232-240 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400304
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    Konstitution von Jodsäure. III (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 217-231 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Untersuchung verschiedener physikalischer Eigenschaften von wäßrigen Jodsäurelösungen wird im einzelnen beschrieben. Durch Anwendung der Mischungsgleichung zur Eliminierung des Lösungsmitteleinflusses werden Kurven über die Abhängigkeit der untersuchten physikalischen Eigenschaft von der Konzentration der Lösung erhalten, die bei 0,1 n und 0,04 n Knicke bzw. Unstetigkeiten aufweisen. Alle Kurven ergeben praktisch das gleiche Bild. Diese Unstetigkeiten werden in der Weise gedeutet, daß bei den genannten Konzentrationen eine Depolymerisation von (HJO3)3 unter Bildung einfacher Moleküle eintritt, wahrscheinlich der Übergang (HJO3)3 → (HJO3)2 → (HJO3). Eine Prüfung der Ramanspektren bestätigte diesen Befund.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400303
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    Über die Systeme Alkalioxyd-CaO—Al2O3—SiO2—CO2. VII. Der Einfluß von Katalysatoren auf die Einstellung des Calcit-Wollastonit-Gleichgewichtes (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 273-283 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400307
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    Das Atomgewicht des Cassiopeiums Analyse des Cassiopeiumtrichlorids (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 284-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400308
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    Masthead (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939) 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400401
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    Kristallstrukturen von Thoriumphosphiden (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 300-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400403
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    Über die Legierungen des Galliums mit Gold (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 289-299 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diethermische, mikroskopische und röntgenographische Untersuchung des Systems Gold-Gallium führte zur Auffindung folgender Phasen:α-Phase. Feste Lösung von Ga in Au, schmales Kristallisationsgebiet. Sättigungsgrenze 26,1 Atom-% Ga bei 352°, Abnahme der Löslichkeit mit sinkender Temperatur (15,8 Atom-% Ga bei 200°, etwa 10 Atom-% Ga bei Zimmertemperatur). Gitterkonstanten der Legierungen der α-Phase von der Gitterkonstante des Au nur wenig verschieden, also praktisch keine Gitterdehnung.β-Phase. Peritektische Bildung bei 352°, Verengung des Homogenitätsgebietes mit sinkender Temperatur, eutektoider Zerfall in α und γ bei 275° und 26,5 Atom-% Ga.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400402
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    Über die Schmelzpunktsalternation der höheren, einsäurigen Triglyzeride (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 313-321 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400404
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    Die Einwirkung von Kohlenoxyd auf ammoniakalische Kupferchromatlösungen (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 322-330 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Aufnahme und Oxydation von Kohlenoxyd in ammoniakalischen Kupfersalzlösungen läßt sich, wenn man von Kupfer-II-hydroxyd bzw. Kupfer-II-karbonat ausgeht, bis zur laufenden Abscheidung von festem Ammonkarbonat(1) entwickeln. Die hier beschriebenen Untersuchungen hatten daz Ziel, den zusätzlichen Einfluß eines oxydierenden Anions der Kupfer-II-verbindungen auf die Kohlenoxydaufnahme zu bestimmen. Kohlenoxyd wirkte bei Zimmertemperatur und gewöhnlichem Druck auf ammoniakalische Lösungen von Kupferchromaten ein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400405
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    Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. 87. Über die Phosphide des Kupfers (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 337-354 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400407
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    Magnetochemische Untersuchungen. XXXI. Über den Paramagnetismus von Verbindungen des sechswertigen Chroms, Molybdäns, Wolframs und Urans (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 355-368 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wurde das magnetische Verhalten von Sauerstoffverbindungen des sechswertigen Chroms, Molybdäns, Wolframs und Urans untersucht.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400408
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    Physikalisch-chemische Untersuchungen über den Feinbau von Gläsern. I. Mitteilung. Die Molrefraktion binärer Phosphat-, Silikat- und Boratgläser (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 1-38 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410101
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    Über die Reduzierbarkeit des Berylliumoxydes (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 240 (1939), S. 331-336 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: BeO ist durch Ti bei etwa 1400° im Hochvakuum reduzierbar. Es destilliert Be in eine Kondensvorlage über. Das Metall scheidet sich in derselben in Gestalt eines dichten Überzuges ab, so lange die Temperatur nicht gesteigert wird. Bei höherer Temperatur entweicht TiO, das eine pulverförmige Ablagerung des Be in sehr unreiner Form hervorruft.-Das hochsiedende Metall Titan und sicherlich auch Zirkon, das eine noch größere Sauerstoffaffinität besitzt als Titan, können demnach als Reduktionsmittel für Berylliumoxyd verwendet werden, trotz ihrer untergeordneten Sauerstoffaffinität, sofern man die Umsetzung bei genügend hoher Temperatur im Hochvakuum vornimmt, wobei das Beryllium dampfförmig entweichen kann. BeO kann durch Ca bzw. Mg reduziert werden, wenn man die Umsetzung in Gegenwart von sehr fein verteilten Metallpulvern und bei so hoher Temperatur vollzieht, daß das Be in das Metall eingetempert wird. Die Umsetzung wird unter Argon und in Anwesenheit von Chloriden ausgeführt. Die Schmelzen werden magnetisch (Fe, Ni) und naß aufbereitet, die getrockneten Metallpulver werden hiernach brikettiert und unter Argon eingeschmolzen. Am günstigsten ist die Umsetzung zwischen Eisenpulver, BeO und Ca, wobei Nutzeffekte von 60% verzeichnet wurden. Auch Ni—Be ist in dieser Weise Ca-frei herstellbar, wogegen die Reaktion mit Cu ein stark verunreinigtes, Ca-frei herstellbar, wogegen die Reaktion mit Cu ein stark verunreinigtes, Ca-haltiges Cu—Be liefert. Mg ist als Reduktionsmittel weniger geeingnet, weil der Nutzeffekt infolge Bildung von säureunlöslichem MgO und den damit verknüpften Metallverlusten bei der magnetischen und nassen Aufbereitung sehr sinkt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392400406
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    Bemerkung zu der vorstehenden Abhandlung über Molrefraktionen von Gläsern (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 39-41 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410102
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    Ammoniakate von Gallium- und Indiumtrifluorid (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 93-96 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410106
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    Das System ZnO—Na2O—H2O (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 76-92 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In Abb. 2 sind die 20- und 100°-Isothermen des Systems ZnO-Na2O-H2O für die NaOH-Normalitäten 1-21 gezeichnet, außerdem die 30- und 40°-Isothermen für 13-20 n. Bei 20° treten als stabile Bodenkörper auf: 1ZnO zwischen 1 und 13,4 n (A-R),2[Zn(OH)3]Na zwischen 13,5 und 19,6 n (R-G),3[Zn(OH)4]Na2 etwa zwischen 19,7 und 20,1 n (G-H),4Gemisch [Zn(OH)4]Na2 und NaOH·H2O jenseits 20,1 n.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410105
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    Die Zwischenzustände, die bei der Bildung des Magnesiumtitanats aus Magnesiumoxyd und Titandioxyd im festen Zustande auftreten. [22. Mitteilung über Reaktionen im festen Zustande bei höheren Temperaturen] (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 57-75 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In vorliegender Arbeit wurden die Zwischenzustände untersucht, die bei der Bildung von Magnesiummetatitanat aus MgO und TiO2 durch Reaktion im festen Zustand auftreten. Hierbei entsteht bis zu einer Glühtemperatur von 1200° das Magnesiummetatitanat, Verbindung 2 : 1 oder 1 : 2 ist röntgenographisch noch nicht nachweisbar. Die katalytische Verbrennung von CO + O2-Gemisch, der N2O-Zerfall, die Wasser- und Farbstoffsorption und die Löslichkeitsversuche ergaben einen gleichartigen Verlauf über zwei Hauptgebiete großer katalytischer Wirksamkeit. Nach dem röntgenographisch festgestellten ersten Auftreten von Metatitanatkristallen bei 800° wurde ein weiteres Gebiet hoher katalytisch sorptiver Eigenschaften gefunden, das entweder durch die neue Metatitanatoberfläche oder durch eine Adsorption Ton MgO oder TiO2, am Metatitanat hervorgerufen wird.
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    Über die Darstellung der reinen Metalle der Titangruppe durch thermische Zersetzung ihrer Jodide. V. Titan (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 42-56 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Darstellung von duktilem Titan durch thermische Zersetzung von Titanjodid an einem glühenden Draht wird in ihren Einzelheiten beschrieben, ebenso die Bereitung des hierzu benötigten Titanrohmetalls. Der Kerndraht, an dem die Zersetzung des Jodids erfolgt, wird auf eine Temperatur von mindestens 1100° C erhitzt. Die äußere Form der Titanstäbe ist von dieser Temperatur abhängig und gleichzeitig von der Struktur des verwendeten Kerndrahtes (vgl. Ahb. 2). Der Kerndraht befand sich bei den Versuchen in einem Pyrexglasgefäß mit dicken eingeschmolzenen Wolframelektroden, in welchem sich gleichzeitig die erforderliche Menge Rohmetall und eine verhältnismäßig kleine Menge Jod befanden. Dieses Gefäß wird während des Präparierens auf eine geeignete Temperatur erhitzt. Die beim Präparierens auftretenden Erscheinungen werden zu einem wesentlichen Teil durch die Beschaffenheit des Titanrohmetalls bestimmt. Wird von Titanrohmetall in Form einiger Zentimeter großer, poröser Blöcke ausgegangen, wie sie bei der Reduktion von Titantetrachlorid mit Natrium unter bestimmten Umständen erhalten werden können, so findet nicht bei jeder beliebigen hohen Temperatur des Pyrexglaspräpariergefäßes ein Anwachsen des auf eine geeignete Temperatur erhitzten Kerndrahtes statt. Es treten dann jedoch zwei Temperaturgebiete auf, in denen das Präparieren möglich ist: nämlich zwischen 50 und 250°C sowie oberhalb 470° C, während im Zwischengebiet kein Wachsen des Kerndrahtes stattfindet (vgl. Abb. 3). Ist das Präpariergefäß einmal auf eine Temperatur von z. B. 400° C oder höher erhitzt gewesen, so ist das Präparieren bei jeder Temperatur unterhalb 470°C unmöglich. Die Ursache dieser Erscheinungen ist die zwischen TiJ4 und dem Überschuß von Titanrohmetall oberhalb 100° C auftretende Reaktion, bei welcher niedrigeres Jodid gebildet wird. Im niedrigen Temperaturgebiet besteht die Gasphase aus TiJ4, im hohen enthält sie TiJ4 und TiJ2.
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    Die Struktur der sogenannten „Alkalitetroxyde“ (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 97-106 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die sogenannten Tetroxyde des Kaliums, Rubidiums und Cäsiums kristallisieren tetragonal im CaC2-Typ mit folgenden Gitterkonstanten: TextKO2RbO2CsO4a5,706,006,28c6,757,037,24
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    Die Fluoraustreibung aus reinem Fluorapatit durch Glühen in Gegenwart von Wasserdampf und Kieselsäure (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 107-114 
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    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Bild, das sich zusammenfassend von dem Ablauf der Fluoraustreibung aus Fluorapatit durch Wasserdampf und Kieselsäure ergibt, ist folgendes: 1Fluorapatit und Kieselsäure setzen sich ohne Wasserdampf nicht um.2Wasserdampf wirkt auf Fluorapatit auch ohne Kieselsäure ein. Dabei tritt nach Entfernung von mehr als der Hälfte des Fluors eine deutliche Abnahme der Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit ein. Röntgenaufnahmen zeigen, das bis etwa zu dieser Grenze die Fluorapatitstruktur ohne Linienverschiebungen unverändert erhalten bleibt. Erst danach wid der Übergang zu Hydroxylapatit bemerkbar.3Durch Kieselsäure wird der Umsatz von Fluorapatit und Wasserdampf erst oberhalb etwa 1300° beschleunigt. Es bildet sich dann ein kieselsäurehaltiges α-Ca3P2O8.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410108
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    Über Konstitution, optische Aktivität und photochemisches Verhalten von Platokomplexen. IV (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 134-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410110
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    Über die räumliche Konfiguration von Plato- und Palladokomplexen (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 115-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nach ROSENHEIm und REIHLEN lassen sich gewisse Plato- und Palladokomplexe in optisch aktive Komponenten spalten. Es wurde aber in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, daß ihre Versuchsergebnisse in anderer Weise zu deuten sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410109
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  • 96
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    Über Zweistoffsysteme mit Germanium. I. Germanium/Aluminium, Germanium/Zinn und Germanium/Silicium (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 305-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Untersuchung von Systemen, die Halbmetalle enthalten, f¨r die Aufklärung feinerer Affinitätswirkungen von Bedeutung ist.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410401
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  • 97
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    Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. 88. Über das System Vanadium/Schwefel (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 324-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410402
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  • 98
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    Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. 89. Über die Phosphide des Kobalts (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410404
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  • 99
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    Das Atomgewicht des Eisens (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 361-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde reines Ferrobromid durch Synthese aus den reinen Elementen hergestellt, sublimiert und geschmolzen. Das gewogene, von Ferriion vollkommen freie Bromid wurde mit Silber bzw. Silberbromid verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410405
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    Über Die Systeme Alkalioxyd-CaO—Al2O3—SiO2—CO2. VIII. Die Reaktionsdrucke von Quarz und Disilikat mit Alkali-Doppelkarbonaten (1939)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 241 (1939), S. 338-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Umsetzung des Quarzes führt in den quaternären Alk2IO-Alk2IIO—SiO2—CO2-Systemen zu denselben Reaktionsdrucken wie in den ternären Alk2O—SiO2—CO2-Systemen. Infolge der besseren Diffusionsmöglichkeit werden auch die Anfangsdrucke der instabilen Metasilikatbildung nach [Alk2 · CO3] + [SiO2] = Alk2SiO3 (feste Lösung) + (CO2) beobachtet. Ein stabiles Gleichgewicht zwischen Quarz und Disilikat liegt auch im quaternären System nicht vor.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19392410403
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