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  • Articles  (1,929)
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  • 2015-2019  (1,961)
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  • Books  (32)
  • Articles  (1,929)
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  • 1
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    Taylor & Francis | Business Interests and the Development of the Modern Welfare State | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This edited volume provides a synthesis on the question of business attitudes towards and its influence over the development of the modern welfare state. It gathers leading scholars in the field to offer both in-depth historical country case studies and comparative chapters that discuss contemporary developments. Composed of six archive-based historical narratives of business’ role in the development of social insurance programs in Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States, and six comparative case studies, this volume also extends the study of business to policy fields that have hitherto received little attention in the literature, such as active labor market policies, educational policies, employment protection legislation, healthcare, private pension programs and work‐family policies. It illuminates why business groups have responded so very differently to demands for increased social protection against different labor market risks in different countries and over time. This text will be of key interest to students and scholars of comparative welfare, political science, sociology, social policy studies, comparative political economy and welfare history.
    Keywords: Business ; Development ; Interests ; Modern ; State ; Welfare ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-08-09
    Description: Upward mining of the residual coal seam over an abandoned pillar working is one of the effective measures to alleviate the contradiction between limited resources and increased consumption. Interburden stability over an abandoned pillar working plays a significant role in guaranteeing the safety of upward mining; however, it has not yet been extensively studied and understood. In this study, the vertical stress of the interburden over an abandoned pillar working was first investigated. The mechanical model of the interburden was established and the damage conditions were analysed. Then, the stability of the interburden over 38502 abandoned workings in Baijiazhuang coal mine was determined by mechanical analysis and field monitoring. The results show that: (i) Vertical stress of the interburden over abandoned mining zones is clearly lower than the initial stress, indicating the existence of a de-stressed effect. Moreover, vertical stress of the interburden over residual coal pillars is greater than the initial stress, which is the evidence of a stress concentration effect. (ii) The interburden over an abandoned pillar working should be regarded as an elastic rectangular plate supported by generalized Kelvin bodies in mechanical modelling. (iii) The interburden over abandoned mining zones may experience two damage stages. In the first stage, initial plastic damage appears at the central region of interburden. In the second stage, the plastic damage evolves from the central point to the surrounding areas. (iv) The mechanical analysis and field monitoring both indicate the initial damage occurred at the central region over 38502 abandoned workings in Baijiazhuang coal mine before upward mining. Related rock control measures should be implemented in that region to guarantee the safe mining of the residual coal seam.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-08-23
    Description: In experimental investigations on axial symmetry, over-ventilated CH 4 /air diffusion combustion in a packed bed is executed to study the height, shape and stability of the flame. The combustor is a quartz tube packed with alumina pellets in which a cylindrical fuel stream is surrounded by a coflow air nozzle. The results show that the bed length and pellet diameter have a significant influence on the flame properties. In general, the flame above the pellet surface has axial symmetry, and its shape and colour are similar to those of a conventional diffusion flame when the bed length is smaller. The colour of the flame front varies with the bed length. The changed colour indicates an increased flame front temperature and that the combustion regime above the bed surface may change from non-premixed combustion to partially premixed combustion or even premixed combustion owing to the mix and dispersion effect in the packed bed. In addition, multiple flame behaviours, such as an inclined flame front, isolated reaction zone and oscillatory motion followed by a pulsating sound with a few hertz in a packed bed, are observed experimentally. The possible reasons for these phenomena are discussed.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-08-30
    Description: Biomass resources have the potential to produce clean-energy. However, their physico-chemical properties are inferior to those of coal, and thus, biomass resources are not regarded as ideal feedstock for industrial application. In the present study, the pyrolysis of corn (maize) straw pellets was performed under different temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550 and 600°C) at a 10°C min –1 heating rate and 30 min residence time, and the characteristics of biochar pellets were carefully investigated, particularly their elemental composition, hydrophobicity and mechanical resistance. Fourier transform infrared, proximate analysis and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Results indicated that the mass and energy yields of the biochar pellets decreased from 35.46 to 28.65% and from 50.17 to 45.52%, respectively, at increased temperature. Meanwhile, the higher heating value of the biochar pellets increased from 15.45 MJ kg –1 in the raw materials to 21.86 and 24.55 MJ kg –1 in the biochar produced at 400 and 600°C, respectively. In addition, biochar pellets showed good hydrophobicity, which benefited their storage and transportation, though mechanical resistance decreased. The pellets had compact structures, regular shapes and weakened or no functional groups in contrast with raw pellets, and these properties played important roles in the improvements.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-11-29
    Description: Electrode material design is the key to the development of asymmetric supercapacitors with high electrochemical performances and stability. In this work, Al-doped NiO nanosheet arrays were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method followed by a calcination process, and the synthesized arrays exhibited a superior pseudocapacitive performance, including a favourable specific capacitance of 2253 ± 105 F g –1 at a current density of 1 A g –1 , larger than that of an undoped NiO electrode (1538 ± 80 F g –1 ). More importantly, the arrays showed a high-rate capability (75% capacitance retention at 20 A g –1 ) and a high cycling stability (approx. 99% maintained after 5000 cycles). The above efficient capacitive performance benefits from the large electrochemically active area and enhanced conductivity of the arrays. Furthermore, an assembled asymmetric supercapacitor based on the Al-doped NiO arrays and N-doped multiwalled carbon nanotube ones delivered a high specific capacitance of 192 ± 23 F g –1 at 0.4 A g –1 with a high-energy density of 215 ± 15 Wh kg –1 and power density of 21.6 kW kg –1 . Additionally, the asymmetric device exhibited a durable cyclic stability (approx. 100% retention after 5000 cycles). This work with the proposed doping method will be beneficial to the construction of high-performance supercapacitor systems.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-07-19
    Description: Safe production is the foundation of the normal operations of petrochemical enterprises, and it helps maintain social stability. The main purpose of this study is to prevent petrochemical enterprise accidents by proposing a composite safety assessment approach based on the cloud model, preliminary hazard analysis–layer of protection analysis (PHA–LOPA) and the bow-tie model. First, the petrochemical enterprise and its relevant indicators were evaluated based on the cloud model. Second, the quantitative effect of the uncertainty transformation on the evaluation result of the cloud model was further analysed. This mainly includes the error analysis of the numerical characteristics under the conditions of few samples and small values. Third, the critical indicators such as shock and noise can be weakened and prevented by corresponding safety measures based on PHA–LOPA and the bow-tie model. After adopting two independent protection layers, the risk levels of shock and noise decrease from 3 to 2. Then, shock and noise were analysed in depth with the bow-tie model, and the causes and consequences were identified. Moreover, corresponding safety measures were taken to prevent accidents. The case study validated the validity and feasibility of the composite safety assessment approach proposed here.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018-02-01
    Description: In this article, we have synthesized a series of nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon (NPC) from metal organic framework of UiO-66 with different ratios of adenine and 1,4-benzendicarboxylate (H 2 BDC) coated on carbon nanotube film (CNTF) to obtain a flexible porous electrode (NPC/CNTF). It is worth noting that the introduction of adenine at different ratios did not change the structure of UiO-66. We also investigated the effect of carbonization temperature from 800 to 1000°C on the electrochemical properties of the NPC. The ratio (H 2 BDC:adenine) 9 : 1 and the NPC carbonized at 900°C (denoted as NPC-1-900) exhibits better electrochemical properties. The results show that NPC-1-900/CNTF electrode exhibits an exceptional areal capacitance of 121.5 mF cm –2 compared to that of PC-900/CNTF electrode (22.8 mF cm –2 ) at 5 mV s –1 in a three-electrode system, indicating that the incorporation of nitrogen is beneficial to the electrochemical properties of nanoporous carbon. A symmetric flexible solid-state supercapacitor of NPC-1-900/CNTF has also been assembled and tested. Electrochemical data show that the device exhibited superior areal capacitance (43.2 mF cm –2 ) at the scan rate of 5 mV s –1 ; the volumetric energy density is 57.3 µWh cm –3 and the volumetric power density is 2.4 mW cm –3 at the current density of 0.5 mA cm –2 based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/H 3 PO 4 gel electrolyte. For practical application, we have also studied the bending tests of the device, which show that the device exhibits outstanding mechanical stability under different bending angles. Furthermore, the flexible device shows excellent cyclic stability, which can retain 91.5% of the initial capacitance after 2000 cycles.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-09-13
    Description: The present study introduces thermogravimetry with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TG-GC-MS) at four different heating rates to investigate the activation energy and thermal degradation behaviour of walnut shell pyrolysis. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was applied to investigate the activation energy. According to values of the activation energy and the correlation coefficient by the DAEM, the activation energy (98.69–267.75 kJ mol –1 ) and correlation coefficient (0.914–0.999) were determined for pyrolysis of walnut shells. GC-MS was performed to investigate the pyrolysis products from walnut shells at different critical temperature points. More than 20 different substances were identified at different temperatures from GC-MS results. With the increasing pyrolysis temperature, furan, furfural, benzene and long chain alkanes were successively identified in different GC-MS experimental results.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-09-27
    Description: The CO 2 gasification of Chinese Shengli lignite (SL) catalysed by K + and Ca 2+ was studied. The results showed that calcium could greatly decrease the gasification reaction temperature of SL, and the gasification reaction rates of acid-treated SL catalysed by calcium were significantly higher than that catalysed by potassium. Kinetic analysis showed that the activation energy of the reaction catalysed by calcium was much lower than that catalysed by potassium, which was the reason for the higher catalytic activity of calcium. Fourier transform infrared characterization showed that, compared with acid-treated SL, the addition of K + /Ca 2+ resulted in the significant weakening of C=O bond, and new peaks attributed to carboxylate species appeared. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the numbers of C=O decreased after the metal ions were added, indicating the formation of metal–carboxylate complexes. Raman characterization showed that the I D1 / I G values increased, suggesting more structural defects, which indicated that the reactivity of coal samples had a close relation with amorphous carbon structures. Ca 2+ could interact with the carboxyl structure in lignite by both ionic forces and polycarboxylic coordination, while K + interacted with carboxyl structure mainly via ionic forces.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-10-04
    Description: Macadamia nut shell (MNS) is a type of waste lignocellulose obtained from macadamia nut production processing. Large MNS wastes caused serious resource waste and environmental pollution. So, preparation of hydrochars from MNS via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is of great significance. HTC of MNS was conducted to study the effect of process parameters, including HTC temperature (180–260°C) and residence time (60–180 min) on the properties of hydrochars. Results showed that the increase in HTC temperature and residence time decreased the mass yield of hydrochars and increased the high heating value of hydrochars. Furthermore, the C content of hydrochars increased, whereas the H and O contents decreased. Mass yield of hydrochar is 46.59%, energy yield is 64.55% and the higher heating value is 26.02 MJ kg –1 at a temperature of 260°C and time of 120 min. The surface structure of hydrochars was rougher compared with that of MNS as observed via scanning electron microscopy. The chemical and combustion behaviour of MNS and hydrochars was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that decarboxylation and dehydration reactions were the predominant pathways during the HTC process. Results showed that HTC can facilitate the transformation of MNS into solid fuel.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2018-01-11
    Description: The electrochemical performance of an energy conversion and storage device like the supercapacitor mainly depends on the microstructure and morphology of the electrodes. In this paper, to improve the capacitance performance of the supercapacitor, the all-pseudocapacitive electrodes of lamella-like Bi 18 SeO 29 /BiSe as the negative electrode and flower-like Co 0.85 Se nanosheets as the positive electrode are synthesized by using a facile low-temperature one-step hydrothermal method. The microstructures and morphology of the electrode materials are carefully characterized, and the capacitance performances are also tested. The Bi 18 SeO 29 /BiSe and Co 0.85 Se have high specific capacitance (471.3 F g –1 and 255 F g –1 at 0.5 A g –1 ), high conductivity, outstanding cycling stability, as well as good rate capability. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor completely based on the pseudocapacitive electrodes exhibits outstanding cycling stability (about 93% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). Moreover, the devices exhibit high energy density of 24.2 Wh kg –1 at a power density of 871.2 W kg –1 in the voltage window of 0–1.6 V with 2 M KOH solution.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 12
    Keywords: Business ; Management information systems ; Industrial management ; E-commerce ; Business and Management ; Business Process Management ; e-Commerce/e-business
    Description / Table of Contents: Studienrahmen: Gegenstand und Ziele der Studie --- Die Fallstudien: Erfolgsmuster aus der Praxis --- Die quantitative Studie: Status quo --- Fazit und Ausblick
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 126 Seiten) , 64 Abbildungen, 57 Abbildungen in Farbe
    ISBN: 9783662557051
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    Cham : Palgrave Macmillan
    Keywords: Business ; Entrepreneurship ; Cognitive psychology ; Business and Management ; Entrepreneurship ; Cognitive Psychology ; Employee Health and Wellbeing
    Description / Table of Contents: 1: Introduction --- 2: Prior Knowledge and Entrepreneurial Cognition --- 3: Motivation and Entrepreneurial Cognition --- 4: Attention and Entrepreneurial Cognition --- 5: Entrepreneurial Identity --- 6: Emotion and Entrepreneurial Cognition --- 7: Conclusion
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIII, 281 pages) , 5 illustrations, 1 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319717821
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The World Energy Outlook (WEO) is the gold standard of long-term energy analysis. The 2018 edition provides updated analysis to show what the latest data, technology trends and policy announcements might mean for the energy sector to 2040. It also outlines an integrated way to meet multiple sustainable development goals: limiting the global temperature rise in line with the Paris Agreement, addressing air pollution, and ensuring universal access to energy.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (643 pages) , illustrations, diagrams
    ISBN: 9789264064522
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Keywords: Business ; Management information systems ; Industrial management ; E-commerce ; Business and Management ; Business Process Management ; e-Commerce/e-business
    Description / Table of Contents: Studienrahmen: Begriffsbestimmung, Rahmenwerk und Studiendesign --- Status quo „Prozessmanagement/Digitalisierung/Kundennutzen“: Ergebnisse der quantitativen Studie --- Die Fallstudien: Erfolgsmuster aus der Praxis --- Fazit und Ausblick
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 153 Seiten) , 84 Abbildungen, 70 Abbildungen in Farbe
    ISBN: 9783662557075
    Language: German
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  • 16
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    Wiesbaden : Springer Gabler
    Keywords: Business ; Management ; Industrial management ; Information technology ; Business ; Data processing ; Business and Management ; IT in Business ; Innovation/Technology Management
    Description / Table of Contents: Charakteristika digitaler Transformation --- Technologietrends in der digitalen Transformation --- Auswirkungen der digitalen Transformation auf den Wettbewerb --- Erfolgswirkung und Herausforderung digitaler Geschäftsmodellentwicklung --- Digitale Transformation aus der Sicht von IT-Entscheidern --- Digitale Transformation in ausgewählten Ländern im Vergleich
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 196 Seiten) , 38 Abbildungen, 6 Abbildungen in Farbe
    ISBN: 9783658226244
    Language: German
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  • 17
    Keywords: Business ; Management ; Industrial management ; Technical education ; Sustainable development ; Business and Management ; Innovation/Technology Management ; Sustainable Development ; Engineering/Technology Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview --- Introduction --- Summary of Main Research Findings and Storylines: India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Viet Nam --- Case Study of a Private Sector Firm in Indonesia --- A Holistic Approach to Greening TVET: A Case Study and Analysis of Bac Thang Long Economic Technical College Practices --- Summary, Conclusions, and the Way Ahead: Cross-Country Concerns, Issues, and Prospects
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 198 pages) , 19 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9789811065590
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Keywords: Computer science ; Management ; Industrial management ; Information technology ; Business ; Data processing ; Computers ; Computer Science ; Information Systems and Communication Service ; Innovation/Technology Management ; IT in Business
    Description / Table of Contents: Modelle --- Modellierungssprachen --- Vorgehensweise von der Modellbildung zur Digitalisierung --- Vorbereitung der Prozessimplementierung --- Umsetzung --- Praxisbeispiel
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 254 Seiten) , 143 Abbildungen, 69 Abbildungen in Farbe
    ISBN: 9783658226480
    Language: German
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  • 19
    Keywords: Business ; Small business ; Management ; Industrial management ; Culture - Economic aspects ; Business and Management ; Innovation/Technology Management ; Digital/New Media ; Small Business ; Film/TV Industry ; Cultural Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to Drones & Technology Applied to the Creative Industry. AiRT Project: An Overview of the Main Results and Actions --- The Economic Impact of the Creative Industry in the European Union --- Creative Industries’ Needs: A Latent Demand --- Financing Tech-Transfer and Innovation: An Application to the Creative Industries --- Successful Cases of the Use of Innovative Tools & Technology in the Creative Industries Field --- Storyboarding as a Means of Requirements Elicitation and User Interface Design: An Application to the Drones’ Industry --- Usability and Experience of the Creative Industries through Heuristic Evaluation of Flight Software for Mapping and Photogrammetry with Drones --- How a Cutting-Edge Technology Can Benefit the Creative Industries: The Positioning System at Work --- Indoor Drones for the Creative Industries: Distinctive Features/Opportunities in Safety Navigation --- The Relationship of the Industry with the Public Administration: Best Practices on Co-regulation for Training --- Innovative Strategies for the European SMEs. AiRT Project Main Remarks
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 161 pages) , 58 illustrations, 53 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319952611
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Keywords: sustainability ; energy ; renewable energy
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. A Review of Air Pollution Control Policy Development and Effectiveness in China / by Ying Li and Ke Chen --- 2. Historical Drivers of Energy Infrastructure Change in Nigeria (1800–2015) / by Norbert Edomah --- 3. Towards a Sustainable Energy Future for Sub-Saharan Africa / by Shadreck Mubiana Situmbeko --- 4. Electric Vehicle Promotion Policy in Taiwan / by Li-Min Cheng --- 5. Clean Energy Management / by Ali Samadiafshar and Atiyye Ghorbani --- 6. Renewable Energy of Biogas Through Integrated Organic Cycle System in Tropical System / by Ambar Pertiwiningrum, Cahyono Agus DK and Margaretha Arnita Wuri
    ISBN: 9781789235777
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15 (2018): 723, doi:10.3390/ijerph15040723.
    Description: There has been a massive increase in recent years of the use of lead (Pb) isotopes in attempts to better understand sources and pathways of Pb in the environment and in man or experimental animals. Unfortunately, there have been many cases where the quality of the isotopic data, especially that obtained by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS), are questionable, resulting in questionable identification of potential sources, which, in turn, impacts study interpretation and conclusions. We present several cases where the isotopic data have compromised interpretation because of the use of only the major isotopes 208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb, or their graphing in other combinations. We also present some examples comparing high precision data from thermal ionization (TIMS) or multi-collector plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) to illustrate the deficiency in the Q-ICP-MS data. In addition, we present cases where Pb isotopic ratios measured on Q-ICP-MS are virtually impossible for terrestrial samples. We also evaluate the Pb isotopic data for rat studies, which had concluded that Pb isotopic fractionation occurs between different organs and suggest that this notion of biological fractionation of Pb as an explanation for isotopic differences is not valid. Overall, the brief review of these case studies shows that Q-ICP-MS as commonly practiced is not a suitable technique for precise and accurate Pb isotopic analysis in the environment and health fields
    Keywords: Lead isotopes ; ICP-MS ; TIMS ; MC-ICP-MS ; Environment ; Humans ; Rats ; Fractionation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2017-11-16
    Description: The wetting of hollow fibre membranes decreases the performance of the liquid–gas membrane contactor for CO 2 capture in biogas upgrading. To solve this problem, in this work, a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fibre membrane for a liquid–gas membrane contactor was coated with a superhydrophobic layer composed of a combination of hydrophobic SiO 2 nanoparticles and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by the method of spray deposition. A rough layer of SiO 2 deposited on the PVDF membrane resulted in an enhanced surface hydrophobicity. The surface structure of the pristine PVDF significantly affected the homogeneity of the generated SiO 2 layer. A uniform surface coating on the PVDF upper layer resulted from the presence of micrometre and nanometre-sized roughness on the surface of the PVDF membrane, which was achieved with a SiO 2 concentration of 4.44 mg ml –1 (0.2 g/45 ml) in the coating solution. As a result, the water contact angle of the modified surface was recorded as 155 ± 3°, which is higher than that of the pristine surface. The high contact angle is advantageous for reducing the wetting of the membrane. Additional mass transfer resistance was introduced by the superhydrophobic layer. In addition, continuous CO 2 absorption tests were carried out in original and modified PVDF hollow fibre membrane contactors, using monoethanolamine (MEA) solution as the absorbent. A long-term stability test revealed that the modified PVDF hollow fibre membrane contactor was able to outperform the original membrane contactor and demonstrated outstanding long-term stability, suggesting that spray deposition is a promising approach to obtain superhydrophobic PVDF membranes for liquid–gas membrane absorption.
    Keywords: energy
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-02-10
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Polynitrogens have the potential for ultrahigh-performing explosives or propellants because singly or doubly bonded polynitrogens can decompose to triply bonded dinitrogen (N2) with an extraordinarily large energy release. The large energy content and relatively low activation energy toward decomposition makes the synthesis of a stable polynitrogen allotrope an extraordinary challenge. Many elements exist in different forms (allotropes)—for example, carbon can exist as graphite, diamond, buckyballs, or graphene. However, no stable neutral allotropes are known for nitrogen, and only two stable homonuclear polynitrogen ions had been isolated until now—namely, the N3− anion (1) and the N5+ cation (2). On page 374 of this issue, Zhang et al. (3) report the synthesis and characterization of the first stable salt of the cyclo-N5− anion, only the third stable homonuclear polynitrogen ion ever isolated. Author: Karl O. Christe
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental management ; Business ; Management science ; Law ; Building construction ; Marine sciences ; Freshwater ; Environment ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Offshore Engineering ; Business and Management, general ; Law, general ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Foreword --- 2. Preface --- 3. Human Marine Resource Use --- 4 Species, Techniques and System Design, Environmental Impact --- 5. Aquaculture Governance --- 6. Aquaculture Economics --- 7. Case Studies --- 8. Synthesis – Pathways Towards Sustainable Ocean Food Production
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 404 pages) , 128 illustrations, 104 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319511597
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The global energy system is moving closer to a historic transformation. This year's edition of the International Energy Agency (IEA)'s comprehensive publication on energy technology focuses on the opportunities and challenges of scaling and accelerating the deployment of clean energy technologies. This includes looking at more ambitious scenarios than the IEA has produced before. Improvements in technology continue to modify the outlook for the energy sector, driving changes in business models, energy demand and supply patterns as well as regulatory approaches. Energy security, air quality, climate change and economic competitiveness are increasingly being factored in by decision makers. Energy Technology Perspectives 2017 (ETP 2017) details these trends as well as the technological advances that will shape energy security and environmental sustainability for decades to come. For the first time, ETP 2017 looks at how far clean energy technologies could move the energy sector towards higher climate change ambitions if technological innovations were pushed to their maximum practical limits. The analysis shows that, while policy support would be needed beyond anything seen to date, such a push could result in greenhouse gas emission levels that are consistent with the mid-point of the target temperature range of the global Paris Agreement on climate change. The analysis also indicates that regardless of the pathway chosen for the energy sector transformation, policy action is needed to ensure that multiple economic, security and other benefits to the accelerated deployment of clean energy technologies are realised through a systematic and co-ordinated approach. ETP 2017 also features the annual IEA Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2017 report, which shows that the current progress in clean energy technology development and deployment remains sub-optimal. It highlights that progress has been substantial where policies have provided clear signals on the value of technology innovation. But many technology areas still suffer from a lack of financial and policy support.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (438 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264275973
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Keywords: Business ; Leadership ; Knowledge management ; Organization ; Planning ; Personnel management ; Business and Management ; Knowledge Management ; Organization ; Business Strategy/Leadership ; Human Resource Management ; Industrial and Organizational Psychology
    Description / Table of Contents: Part 1: Strategy Development --- Part 2: Management Techniques --- Part 3: Collaboration Mechanisms --- Part 4: Knowledge Sharing and Learning --- Part 5: Knowledge Capture and Storage
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 1140 pages) , 358 illustrations
    ISBN: 9789811009839
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Unknown
    Cham : Palgrave Macmillan
    Keywords: Business ; Entrepreneurship ; Organization ; Planning ; Business and Management ; Entrepreneurship ; Organization
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Importance Of Trailblazing Scholarship For Understanding Entrepreneurship --- 2. Researching The Generation, Refinement, And Exploitation Of Potential Opportunities --- 3. Researching Entrepreneurial Failures --- 4. Researching At The Intersection Of Innovation, Operations Management, And Entrepreneurship --- 5. Researching Entrepreneurships’ Role In Sustainable Development --- 6. Researching At The Intersection Of Family Business And Entrepreneurship --- 7. Researching The Inter-relationship Of Health And Entrepreneurship --- 8. Researching Entrepreneurial Decision Making --- 9. Conclusion
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 294 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319487014
    Language: English
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  • 30
    Unknown
    Berkeley, CA : Apress
    Keywords: Business ; Management science ; Children's literature ; Education ; Data processing ; Computers ; Business and Management ; Business and Management, general ; The Computing Profession ; Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary ; Children's Literature ; Computers and Education
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 104 Driscoll Ave.- Chapter 2 Codes and Crises.- Chapter 3 Figures and Icons.- Chapter 4 Divided We Stand --- Chapter 5 Patterns and Problems --- Chapter 6 --- Garbage In ≠ Garbage Out --- Chapter 7 Teasing Out the Answers --- Chapter 8 Solutions by Design --- Chapter 9 To the Nines --- Chapter 10 All the Right Angles --- Chapter 11 Pi for All
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 109 pages) , 57 illustrations, 12 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9781484222744
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Unknown
    Cham : Palgrave Macmillan
    Keywords: Business ; Knowledge management ; Organization ; Planning ; Business ethics ; Business and Management ; Knowledge Management ; Business Ethics ; Organization
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Risky Play --- 2. Falling Fast --- 3. Moral Risk in a Nursing Home --- 4. Coping with Fallibility in Aviation --- 5. Fallibility and Trust in Healthcare --- 6. Approaches to Help in Organizations --- 7. Ethics of Fallibility
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 159 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319633183
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Keywords: Business ; Knowledge management ; Organization ; Planning ; Management ; Industrial management ; Production management ; Management information systems ; Business and Management ; Innovation/Technology Management ; Knowledge Management ; Business Information Systems ; Organization ; Production
    Description / Table of Contents: PART I: Introduction and Setting the scene --- Dynamics of Long-Life Assets: The Editors’ Intro --- The Challenge --- The Use-it-Wisely (UIW) Approach --- PART II: Tools and Methods --- Innovation Management with an Emphasis on Co-Creation --- Complexity Management and System Dynamics Thinking --- Managing the Life Cycle to Reduce Environmental Impacts --- Virtual Reality and 3D Imaging to Support Collaborative Decision Making for Adaptation of Long-llife Assets --- Operator-oriented Product and Production Process Design for Manufacturing, Maintenance and Upgrading --- Fostering a Community of Practice for Industrial Processes --- Extending the System Model --- PART III: From Theory to Practice --- Collaborative Management of inspection Results in Power Plant Turbines --- Rock crusher Upgrade Business from a PLM Perspective --- Space Systems Development --- Adaptation of High-Variant Automotive Production System Using a Collaborative Approach --- Supporting the Small-to-Medium Vessel Industry --- Sustainable Furniture that Grows with End-users --- Comparing Industrial Cluster Cases to Define Upgrade Business Models for a Circular Economy.   
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 356 pages) , 117 illustrations, 81 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319454382
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The global energy scene is in a state of flux. Understanding the dynamic interplay of energy markets, technology and policy has never been more critical. The World Energy Outlook (WEO), widely regarded as the gold standard of energy analysis, provides strategic insight on what today’s policy and investment decisions mean for long-term trends. The 2017 edition of the WEO, which will be released on 14 November, will contain a full update of energy demand and supply projections through 2040 under different scenarios, and their consequences for energy security, investment, energy industries and the environment. It will also include in-depth analysis of: China’s energy outlook. China’s influence has long been felt in coal, oil and gas, as well as in nuclear power, but the country is also now firmly established as a global leader in renewable energy, efficiency and innovation. The WEO will examine China’s economic and energy transitions in detail, and consider how the country’s policy choices can shape not just national prospects, but also global outcomes. Natural gas. The outlook for gas markets is evolving rapidly under pressure from two revolutions: the shale revolution, led by the United States, and the LNG revolution that is testing traditional gas business and pricing models. It will also investigate the wider opportunities and uncertainties for gas in the transition to a cleaner energy system, including its role in tackling local pollution as well as the risk of methane emissions. In addition, the WEO-2017 series will feature two special analyses, to be released in October. The close links between energy and development, assessing today’s global picture for access to modern energy, the strategies and technologies that can enable countries to achieve energy for all by 2030, and the ways in which reliable energy can move communities from poverty towards prosperity. Prospects for energy in Southeast Asia, where infrastructure and investment have to keep up with rapid, sustained growth in energy demand. The report will cover the particular challenge of providing secure, clean and affordable energy to small island systems and remote settlements.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (763)
    ISBN: 9789264282308
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Keywords: energy ; natural gas ; regasification ; fracturing ; utilization ; shale gas
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Energy Recovery from the LNG Regasification Process by Roberto Bruno, Piero Bevilacqua and Natale Arcuri --- Chapter 2: Concepts for Regasification of LNG in Industrial Parks by Tatiana Morosuk, Stefanie Tesch and George Tsatsaronis --- Chapter 3: Improvement of Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Using Nanoparticles by Reza Barati and Charles Chempakathinal Bose --- Chapter 4: Experiment and Evaluation of Natural Gas Hydration in a Spraying Reactor by Wenfeng Hao --- Chapter 5: Gas Well Testing by Freddy Humberto Escobar --- Chapter 6: Catalytic Natural Gas Utilization on Unconventional Oil Upgrading by Peng He and Hua Song --- Chapter 7: Compressed Natural Gas Direct Injection: Comparison Between Homogeneous and Stratified Combustion by Shahrir Abdullah, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Saad Aljamali and Azhari Shamsudeen --- Chapter 8: Biomass as an Alternative for Gas Production by Liliana Pampillón-González and José Ramón Laines Canepa --- Chapter 9: Shale Gas in Poland by Jadwiga A. Jarzyna, Maria Bała, Paulina I. Krakowska, Edyta Puskarczyk, Anna Strzępowicz, Kamila Wawrzyniak-Guz, Dariusz Więcław and Jerzy Ziętek --- Chapter 10: An Overview of Principles and Designs of Hydraulic Fracturing Experiments and an Inquiry into the Influence of Rock Permeability and Strength on Failure Mode by Kenneth Imo-Imo Eshiet and Yong Sheng
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535134343
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental management ; Business ; Management science ; Law ; Building construction ; Marine sciences ; Freshwater ; Environment ; Marine & Freshwater Sciences ; Offshore Engineering ; Business and Management, general ; Law, general ; Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Foreword --- 2. Preface --- 3. Human Marine Resource Use --- 4 Species, Techniques and System Design, Environmental Impact --- 5. Aquaculture Governance --- 6. Aquaculture Economics --- 7. Case Studies --- 8. Synthesis – Pathways Towards Sustainable Ocean Food Production
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXII, 404 pages) , 128 illustrations, 104 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319511597
    Language: English
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haddad, Nick M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1166-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5072.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. nick_haddad@ncsu.ed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; *Transportation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Telomeres are the protective end-complexes at the termini of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomere attrition can lead to potentially maladaptive cellular changes, block cell division, and interfere with tissue replenishment. Recent advances in the understanding of human disease processes have clarified the roles of telomere biology, especially in diseases of human aging and in some aging-related processes. Greater overall telomere attrition predicts mortality and aging-related diseases in inherited telomere syndrome patients, and also in general human cohorts. However, genetically caused variations in telomere maintenance either raise or lower risks and progression of cancers, in a highly cancer type-specific fashion. Telomere maintenance is determined by genetic factors and is also cumulatively shaped by nongenetic influences throughout human life; both can interact. These and other recent findings highlight both causal and potentiating roles for telomere attrition in human diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackburn, Elizabeth H -- Epel, Elissa S -- Lin, Jue -- CA096840/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM026259/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1193-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. elizabeth.blackburn@ucsf.edu. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Cell Division/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Life Style ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Stress, Physiological ; Telomerase/metabolism ; Telomere/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Telomere Homeostasis/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are often characterized as remedies to educational disparities related to social class. Using data from 68 MOOCs offered by Harvard and MIT between 2012 and 2014, we found that course participants from the United States tended to live in more-affluent and better-educated neighborhoods than the average U.S. resident. Among those who did register for courses, students with greater socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate. Furthermore, these differences in MOOC access and completion were larger for adolescents and young adults, the traditional ages where people find on-ramps into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) coursework and careers. Our findings raise concerns that MOOCs and similar approaches to online learning can exacerbate rather than reduce disparities in educational outcomes related to socioeconomic status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, John D -- Reich, Justin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1245-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3782. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. john_hansen@mail.harvard.edu. ; Office of Digital Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Career Choice ; Certification/*methods ; Education, Distance/*methods ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; Internet ; Learning ; Mathematics/education ; *Online Systems ; Science/education ; *Social Class ; Students ; Technology/education ; United States ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1188-90. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/blood/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Biological Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Telomere Homeostasis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Escobar, Herton -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1138-9. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1138. Epub 2015 Dec 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arsenic/analysis ; Brazil ; Copper/analysis ; *Disasters ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Food Chain ; Humans ; Mercury/analysis ; Metals, Heavy/*analysis ; Rivers ; Sewage/*analysis ; Structure Collapse ; *Tsunamis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheid, Johannes F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. fscheid@partners.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Separation/methods ; HIV Antibodies/genetics/*immunology/isolation & purification ; HIV Infections/*blood ; Humans ; Immunologic Memory ; Mice ; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients have an increased prevalence of extracardiac congenital anomalies (CAs) and risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs). Exome sequencing of 1213 CHD parent-offspring trios identified an excess of protein-damaging de novo mutations, especially in genes highly expressed in the developing heart and brain. These mutations accounted for 20% of patients with CHD, NDD, and CA but only 2% of patients with isolated CHD. Mutations altered genes involved in morphogenesis, chromatin modification, and transcriptional regulation, including multiple mutations in RBFOX2, a regulator of mRNA splicing. Genes mutated in other cohorts examined for NDD were enriched in CHD cases, particularly those with coexisting NDD. These findings reveal shared genetic contributions to CHD, NDD, and CA and provide opportunities for improved prognostic assessment and early therapeutic intervention in CHD patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Homsy, Jason -- Zaidi, Samir -- Shen, Yufeng -- Ware, James S -- Samocha, Kaitlin E -- Karczewski, Konrad J -- DePalma, Steven R -- McKean, David -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Gorham, Josh -- Jin, Sheng Chih -- Deanfield, John -- Giardini, Alessandro -- Porter, George A Jr -- Kim, Richard -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc -- Tikhonova, Irina -- Mane, Shrikant -- Romano-Adesman, Angela -- Qi, Hongjian -- Vardarajan, Badri -- Ma, Lijiang -- Daly, Mark -- Roberts, Amy E -- Russell, Mark W -- Mital, Seema -- Newburger, Jane W -- Gaynor, J William -- Breitbart, Roger E -- Iossifov, Ivan -- Ronemus, Michael -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Kaltman, Jonathan R -- Seidman, Jonathan G -- Brueckner, Martina -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Goldmuntz, Elizabeth -- Lifton, Richard P -- Seidman, Christine E -- Chung, Wendy K -- T32 HL007208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Arthritis Research UK/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1262-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9396.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation and Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK. National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Cardiology, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK. ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, The School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. ; Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA. ; Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA. ; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. ; Heart Development and Structural Diseases Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Division of Cardiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu. ; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. bruce.gelb@mssm.edu goldmuntz@email.chop.edu martina.brueckner@yale.edu richard.lifton@yale.edu cseidman@genetics.med.harvard.edu wkc15@cumc.columbia.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/abnormalities/metabolism ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*diagnosis/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nervous System Malformations/*genetics ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Prognosis ; RNA Splicing/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It serves both as a critical coenzyme for enzymes that fuel reduction-oxidation reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another, and as a cosubstrate for other enzymes such as the sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases. Cellular NAD(+) concentrations change during aging, and modulation of NAD(+) usage or production can prolong both health span and life span. Here we review factors that regulate NAD(+) and discuss how supplementation with NAD(+) precursors may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for aging and its associated disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verdin, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1208-13. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4854.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gladstone Institutes, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; DNA Damage ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Fatty Liver/metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; NAD/*metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Sirtuins/metabolism
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurtley, Stella -- Roberts, Leslie -- Ray, L Bryan -- Purnell, Beverly A -- Ash, Caroline -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1180-1. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Health ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Telomere/*genetics ; *Telomere Homeostasis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ford, Adam T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7134.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. adamford@uoguelph.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Antelopes ; *Dogs ; Endangered Species ; *Food Chain ; *Grassland ; *Herbivory ; Humans ; Plants
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Flow regulation and irrigation alter local freshwater conditions, but their global effects are highly uncertain. We investigated these global effects from 1901 to 2008, using hydroclimatic observations in 100 large hydrological basins. Globally, we find consistent and dominant effects of increasing relative evapotranspiration from both activities, and decreasing temporal runoff variability from flow regulation. The evapotranspiration effect increases the long-term average human consumption of fresh water by 3563 +/- 979 km(3)/year from 1901-1954 to 1955-2008. This increase raises a recent estimate of the current global water footprint of humanity by around 18%, to 10,688 +/- 979 km(3)/year. The results highlight the global impact of local water-use activities and call for their relevant account in Earth system modeling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaramillo, Fernando -- Destouni, Georgia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1248-51. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1010.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Goteborg, Sweden. fernando.jaramillo@natgeo.su.se. ; Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agricultural Irrigation ; Climate Change ; *Drinking ; *Fresh Water ; Humans ; Plant Transpiration ; Water Supply/*standards
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: The potential for the gut microbiota to affect health has a particular relevance for older individuals. This is because the microbiota may modulate aging-related changes in innate immunity, sarcopaenia, and cognitive function, all of which are elements of frailty. Both cell culture-dependent and -independent studies show that the gut microbiota of older people differs from that of younger adults. There is no chronological threshold or age at which the composition of the microbiota suddenly alters; rather, changes occur gradually with time. Our detailed analyses have separated the microbiota into groups associated with age, long-term residential care, habitual diet, and degree of retention of a core microbiome. We are beginning to understand how these groups change with aging and how they relate to clinical phenotypes. These data provide a framework for analyzing microbiota-health associations, distinguishing correlation from causation, identifying microbiota interaction with physiological aging processes, and developing microbiota-based health surveillance for older adults.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Toole, Paul W -- Jeffery, Ian B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1214-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac8469.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 Y337, Ireland. pwotoole@ucc.ie. ; School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 Y337, Ireland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Aging ; Food Habits ; Frail Elderly ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Health ; Humans
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akiyama, Hiroko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1135. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9386.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hiroko Akiyama is a professor at the Institute of Gerontology at the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan. akiyama@iog.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; *Longevity ; Retirement ; Social Security
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexandrov, Ludmil B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1175. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. lba@lanl.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computer Simulation ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Genomics/*methods ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; *Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amigo, Ignacio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1286. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1286.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ignacio Amigo is a postdoctoral researcher in the biochemistry department of the Chemistry Institute at the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Parenting/*psychology ; *Paternal Behavior
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Age is the greatest risk factor for nearly every major cause of mortality in developed nations. Despite this, most biomedical research focuses on individual disease processes without much consideration for the relationships between aging and disease. Recent discoveries in the field of geroscience, which aims to explain biological mechanisms of aging, have provided insights into molecular processes that underlie biological aging and, perhaps more importantly, potential interventions to delay aging and promote healthy longevity. Here we describe some of these advances, along with efforts to move geroscience from the bench to the clinic. We also propose that greater emphasis should be placed on research into basic aging processes, because interventions that slow aging will have a greater effect on quality of life compared with disease-specific approaches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaeberlein, Matt -- Rabinovitch, Peter S -- Martin, George M -- P30AG013280/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1191-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kaeber@uw.edu. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Diet ; Exercise ; Geriatrics/*trends ; *Health ; Humans ; Mortality ; Preventive Medicine/*trends ; Risk Factors ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Translational Medical Research/trends
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1186-7. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Caloric Restriction ; Death ; Humans ; Hydra/genetics/physiology ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/physiology
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Research into stem cells and aging aims to understand how stem cells maintain tissue health, what mechanisms ultimately lead to decline in stem cell function with age, and how the regenerative capacity of somatic stem cells can be enhanced to promote healthy aging. Here, we explore the effects of aging on stem cells in different tissues. Recent research has focused on the ways that genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and the extrinsic environmental milieu influence stem cell functionality over time. We describe each of these three factors, the ways in which they interact, and how these interactions decrease stem cell health over time. We are optimistic that a better understanding of these changes will uncover potential strategies to enhance stem cell function and increase tissue resiliency into old age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodell, Margaret A -- Rando, Thomas A -- P01 AG036695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG047820/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR062185/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AG023806/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1199-204. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3388.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. goodell@bcm.edu rando@stanford.edu. ; Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, and Center for Regenerative Rehabilitation, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. goodell@bcm.edu rando@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*physiology ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Aging ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genetic Drift ; *Health ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Organ Specificity ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenbaum, Dov -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1176. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1176-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zvi Meitar Institute for Legal Implications of Emerging Technologies, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya Israel and Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 10463, USA. dov.greenbaum@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clothing ; Humans ; *Military Personnel ; *Robotics ; Walking/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1182-5. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cats ; Dogs ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Pets/*physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Ry -- Gill, Jason J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1163-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6791.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ryland@tamu.edu jason.gill@tamu.edu. ; Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ryland@tamu.edu jason.gill@tamu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacteriocins ; Biological Therapy/*methods ; Burns/microbiology/therapy ; *Caudovirales ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/*therapy ; Humans
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, Trisha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1139-40. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology/trends ; DNA/*genetics ; Drug Discovery/*methods ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/*methods ; Drug Industry/trends ; Humans ; *Small Molecule Libraries
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):128-9. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6282.128. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/virology ; Angola/epidemiology ; Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; World Health Organization ; Yellow Fever/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Yellow Fever Vaccine/*administration & dosage
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1143. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinetobacter/*growth & development ; Animals ; *Death ; Humans ; Mice ; Moraxellaceae/*growth & development ; Rhizobiaceae/*growth & development ; Time Factors
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):391-2. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.391. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology/etiology ; Echinococcosis/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Echinococcus/isolation & purification ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification ; *Refugees
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Biometric Identification/*methods ; Cell Phones ; Clothing ; *Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; *Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics/isolation & purification ; Sex Factors
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, Rosalind A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1494. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1494.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosalind A. Segal is a neurobiology professor at Harvard Medical School and co-chair of cancer biology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Neurobiology/manpower ; *Sexism ; *Women, Working
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2016-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Claiborne, Anne B -- English, Rebecca A -- Kahn, Jeffrey P -- 10002265/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):668-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3091. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. aclaiborne@nas.edu. ; Institute of Medicine, U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA. ; Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Ethics, Medical ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/*prevention & control ; Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy/*ethics/*standards ; *Oocytes ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; *Zygote
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):280-1. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.280.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Estonia ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Ships ; Skeleton ; Slavery/*history ; Sweden
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1130-2. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bites and Stings ; Criminal Law/*statistics & numerical data ; Dermatoglyphics ; Firearms ; Forensic Sciences/legislation & jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Humans ; Wounds, Gunshot
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):15. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Cell Differentiation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*transplantation ; Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Regenerative Medicine/*economics/*trends ; Retina/cytology/physiology ; Stem Cell Research/*economics
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):501-2. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6285.501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China/epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; Disease Outbreaks/*history ; Europe/epidemiology ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Plague/epidemiology/*history/microbiology ; Yersinia pestis/*classification/genetics/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):111-2. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Drinking Water ; *Droughts ; Humans ; Indian Ocean ; Iraq ; Mesopotamia ; Salinity ; Warfare ; Water Resources/*supply & distribution ; *Wetlands
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):434. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6272.434.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Retroviral Agents/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; *Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; HIV Infections/blood/*drug therapy/*virology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/*virology ; Male ; Mutagenesis ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Tissue Distribution ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):16-9. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; Communicable Disease Control/*economics ; Financial Management ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; Vaccines/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shanahan, Jesse -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):418. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jesse Shanahan is a master's student in astronomy at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomy/*education ; *Career Mobility ; Disabled Persons/*psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Fear ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; United States
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel. In humans and pigs, the loss of CFTR impairs respiratory host defenses, causing airway infection. But CF mice are spared. We found that in all three species, CFTR secreted bicarbonate into airway surface liquid. In humans and pigs lacking CFTR, unchecked H(+) secretion by the nongastric H(+)/K(+) adenosine triphosphatase (ATP12A) acidified airway surface liquid, which impaired airway host defenses. In contrast, mouse airways expressed little ATP12A and secreted minimal H(+); consequently, airway surface liquid in CF and non-CF mice had similar pH. Inhibiting ATP12A reversed host defense abnormalities in human and pig airways. Conversely, expressing ATP12A in CF mouse airways acidified airway surface liquid, impaired defenses, and increased airway bacteria. These findings help explain why CF mice are protected from infection and nominate ATP12A as a potential therapeutic target for CF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shah, Viral S -- Meyerholz, David K -- Tang, Xiao Xiao -- Reznikov, Leah -- Abou Alaiwa, Mahmoud -- Ernst, Sarah E -- Karp, Philip H -- Wohlford-Lenane, Christine L -- Heilmann, Kristopher P -- Leidinger, Mariah R -- Allen, Patrick D -- Zabner, Joseph -- McCray, Paul B Jr -- Ostedgaard, Lynda S -- Stoltz, David A -- Randak, Christoph O -- Welsh, Michael J -- 5T32GM007337/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DK054759/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F30 HL123239/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- F30HL123239/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL091842/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL117744/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL51670/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08HL097071/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):503-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/*metabolism/*microbiology ; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lung/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred CFTR/genetics/metabolism ; Mice, Transgenic ; Swine
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):12-3. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Ebola Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Ebolavirus/drug effects ; *Epidemics ; Global Health ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Organophosphonates/therapeutic use ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis S -- Anderson, James M -- Austin, Christopher P -- Battey, James F -- Birnbaum, Linda S -- Briggs, Josephine P -- Clayton, Janine A -- Cuthbert, Bruce -- Eisinger, Robert W -- Fauci, Anthony S -- Gallin, John I -- Gibbons, Gary H -- Glass, Roger I -- Gottesman, Michael M -- Gray, Patricia A -- Green, Eric D -- Greider, Franziska B -- Hodes, Richard -- Hudson, Kathy L -- Humphreys, Betsy -- Katz, Stephen I -- Koob, George F -- Koroshetz, Walter J -- Lauer, Michael S -- Lorsch, Jon R -- Lowy, Douglas R -- McGowan, John J -- Murray, David M -- Nakamura, Richard -- Norris, Andrea -- Perez-Stable, Eliseo J -- Pettigrew, Roderic I -- Riley, William T -- Rodgers, Griffin P -- Sieving, Paul A -- Somerman, Martha J -- Spong, Catherine Y -- Tabak, Lawrence A -- Volkow, Nora D -- Wilder, Elizabeth L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1405. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1405-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. collinsf@mail.nih.gov. ; Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Center for Advancing Translational Science, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. ; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. ; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Research on Women's Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of AIDS Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Fogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Extramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Management, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Disease Prevention, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Center for Scientific Review, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Center for Information Technology, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Office of Strategic Coordination, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Mota and Herculano-Houzel (Reports, 3 July 2015, p. 74) assign power functions to neuroanatomical data and present a model to account for evolutionary patterns of cortical folding in the mammalian brain. We detail how the model assumptions are in conflict with experimental and observational work and show that the model itself does not accurately fit the data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewitus, Eric -- Kelava, Iva -- Kalinka, Alex T -- Tomancak, Pavel -- Huttner, Wieland B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):825. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France. lewitus@biologie.ens.fr huttner@mpi-cbg.de. ; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. ; Institute of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni, Vienna, Austria. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany. lewitus@biologie.ens.fr huttner@mpi-cbg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cerebral Cortex ; Humans ; Lissencephaly/*pathology ; Neurons/*cytology
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Voltage-gated CaV1.2 channels (L-type calcium channel alpha1C subunits) are critical mediators of transcription-dependent neural plasticity. Whether these channels signal via the influx of calcium ion (Ca(2+)), voltage-dependent conformational change (VDeltaC), or a combination of the two has thus far been equivocal. We fused CaV1.2 to a ligand-gated Ca(2+)-permeable channel, enabling independent control of localized Ca(2+) and VDeltaC signals. This revealed an unexpected dual requirement: Ca(2+) must first mobilize actin-bound Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, freeing it for subsequent VDeltaC-mediated accumulation. Neither signal alone sufficed to activate transcription. Signal order was crucial: Efficiency peaked when Ca(2+) preceded VDeltaC by 10 to 20 seconds. CaV1.2 VDeltaC synergistically augmented signaling by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Furthermore, VDeltaC mistuning correlated with autistic symptoms in Timothy syndrome. Thus, nonionic VDeltaC signaling is vital to the function of CaV1.2 in synaptic and neuropsychiatric processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Boxing -- Tadross, Michael R -- Tsien, Richard W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):863-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. tadrossm@janelia.hhmi.org. ; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/genetics/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome/genetics/metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/*genetics ; Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism ; Nimodipine/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Syndactyly/genetics/metabolism
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoubridge, Eric A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):31-2. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5248. Epub 2016 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. eric@ericpc.mni.mcgill.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Leigh Disease/*genetics/*therapy ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*metabolism ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/*genetics
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Rasmussen and Svensson correctly point out that there is currently no satisfactory method to fully align the Greenland and Cariaco Basin records of climate change. However, our approach using interstadial onsets as tie-points allows direct comparison between radiocarbon dates and Greenland climate records. Crucially, both the standard Greenland and the merged Greenland-Cariaco time scales show that interstadial warming was associated with megafaunal genetic transitions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cooper, Alan -- Turney, Chris -- Hughen, Konrad -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 26;351(6276):927. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Adelaide, Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Environment Institute, Adelaide, Australia. alan.cooper@adelaide.edu.au. ; Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. ; Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Extinction, Biological ; Global Warming/*history ; Humans
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Noncoding variants play a central role in the genetics of complex traits, but we still lack a full understanding of the molecular pathways through which they act. We quantified the contribution of cis-acting genetic effects at all major stages of gene regulation from chromatin to proteins, in Yoruba lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). About ~65% of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have primary effects on chromatin, whereas the remaining eQTLs are enriched in transcribed regions. Using a novel method, we also detected 2893 splicing QTLs, most of which have little or no effect on gene-level expression. These splicing QTLs are major contributors to complex traits, roughly on a par with variants that affect gene expression levels. Our study provides a comprehensive view of the mechanisms linking genetic variation to variation in human gene regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Yang I -- van de Geijn, Bryce -- Raj, Anil -- Knowles, David A -- Petti, Allegra A -- Golan, David -- Gilad, Yoav -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- R01MH084703/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH101825/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01HG007036/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54CA149145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):600-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9417. Epub 2016 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. gilad@uchicago.edu pritch@stanford.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. gilad@uchicago.edu pritch@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA Splicing/*genetics
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown efficacy in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and is increasingly being applied to other gastrointestinal disorders, yet the fate of native and introduced microbial strains remains largely unknown. To quantify the extent of donor microbiota colonization, we monitored strain populations in fecal samples from a recent FMT study on metabolic syndrome patients using single-nucleotide variants in metagenomes. We found extensive coexistence of donor and recipient strains, persisting 3 months after treatment. Colonization success was greater for conspecific strains than for new species, the latter falling within fluctuation levels observed in healthy individuals over a similar time frame. Furthermore, same-donor recipients displayed varying degrees of microbiota transfer, indicating individual patterns of microbiome resistance and donor-recipient compatibilities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Simone S -- Zhu, Ana -- Benes, Vladimir -- Costea, Paul I -- Hercog, Rajna -- Hildebrand, Falk -- Huerta-Cepas, Jaime -- Nieuwdorp, Max -- Salojarvi, Jarkko -- Voigt, Anita Y -- Zeller, Georg -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- de Vos, Willem M -- Bork, Peer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):586-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Diabetes Center, Vrije University Medical Center, 1018 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. bork@embl.de willem.devos@wur.nl sunagawa@embl.de. ; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. Immunobiology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. bork@embl.de willem.devos@wur.nl sunagawa@embl.de. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Max Delbruck Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany. Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wurzburg, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany. bork@embl.de willem.devos@wur.nl sunagawa@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; Clostridium Infections/microbiology/*therapy ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Feces/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*physiology ; Humans ; Symbiosis ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: The recent rapid spread of Zika virus and its unexpected linkage to birth defects and an autoimmune neurological syndrome have generated worldwide concern. Zika virus is a flavivirus like the dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. We present the 3.8 angstrom resolution structure of mature Zika virus, determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The structure of Zika virus is similar to other known flavivirus structures, except for the ~10 amino acids that surround the Asn(154) glycosylation site in each of the 180 envelope glycoproteins that make up the icosahedral shell. The carbohydrate moiety associated with this residue, which is recognizable in the cryo-EM electron density, may function as an attachment site of the virus to host cells. This region varies not only among Zika virus strains but also in other flaviviruses, which suggests that differences in this region may influence virus transmission and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4845755/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4845755/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sirohi, Devika -- Chen, Zhenguo -- Sun, Lei -- Klose, Thomas -- Pierson, Theodore C -- Rossmann, Michael G -- Kuhn, Richard J -- R01 AI073755/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076331/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI073755/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI076331/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):467-70. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5316. Epub 2016 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Markey Center for Structural Biology and Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. ; Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27033547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Zika Virus/*chemistry/*ultrastructure
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):440-3. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6272.440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics/mortality ; Pedigree ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) controls the transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm, but its molecular architecture has thus far remained poorly defined. We biochemically reconstituted NPC core protomers and elucidated the underlying protein-protein interaction network. Flexible linker sequences, rather than interactions between the structured core scaffold nucleoporins, mediate the assembly of the inner ring complex and its attachment to the NPC coat. X-ray crystallographic analysis of these scaffold nucleoporins revealed the molecular details of their interactions with the flexible linker sequences and enabled construction of full-length atomic structures. By docking these structures into the cryoelectron tomographic reconstruction of the intact human NPC and validating their placement with our nucleoporin interactome, we built a composite structure of the NPC symmetric core that contains ~320,000 residues and accounts for ~56 megadaltons of the NPC's structured mass. Our approach provides a paradigm for the structure determination of similarly complex macromolecular assemblies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Daniel H -- Stuwe, Tobias -- Schilbach, Sandra -- Rundlet, Emily J -- Perriches, Thibaud -- Mobbs, George -- Fan, Yanbin -- Thierbach, Karsten -- Huber, Ferdinand M -- Collins, Leslie N -- Davenport, Andrew M -- Jeon, Young E -- Hoelz, Andre -- 5 T32 GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- ACB-12002/PHS HHS/ -- AGM-12006/PHS HHS/ -- R01 GM111461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM111461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):aaf1015. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1015. Epub 2016 Apr 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. hoelz@caltech.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Electron Microscope Tomography ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Pore/chemistry/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Protein Interaction Maps ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Many modern human genomes retain DNA inherited from interbreeding with archaic hominins, such as Neandertals, yet the influence of this admixture on human traits is largely unknown. We analyzed the contribution of common Neandertal variants to over 1000 electronic health record (EHR)-derived phenotypes in ~28,000 adults of European ancestry. We discovered and replicated associations of Neandertal alleles with neurological, psychiatric, immunological, and dermatological phenotypes. Neandertal alleles together explained a significant fraction of the variation in risk for depression and skin lesions resulting from sun exposure (actinic keratosis), and individual Neandertal alleles were significantly associated with specific human phenotypes, including hypercoagulation and tobacco use. Our results establish that archaic admixture influences disease risk in modern humans, provide hypotheses about the effects of hundreds of Neandertal haplotypes, and demonstrate the utility of EHR data in evolutionary analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simonti, Corinne N -- Vernot, Benjamin -- Bastarache, Lisa -- Bottinger, Erwin -- Carrell, David S -- Chisholm, Rex L -- Crosslin, David R -- Hebbring, Scott J -- Jarvik, Gail P -- Kullo, Iftikhar J -- Li, Rongling -- Pathak, Jyotishman -- Ritchie, Marylyn D -- Roden, Dan M -- Verma, Shefali S -- Tromp, Gerard -- Prato, Jeffrey D -- Bush, William S -- Akey, Joshua M -- Denny, Joshua C -- Capra, John A -- 1K22LM011938/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- 1R01GM114128/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5T32EY021453/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM110068/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01LM010685/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004438/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004608/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004609/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004610/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006378/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006379/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006380/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006382/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006388/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006389/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG008657/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG04599/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG04603/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):737-41. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, USA. ; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ; Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. ; Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa. ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Depression/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Keratosis, Actinic/genetics ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; Phenotype
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Ebola virus disease in humans is highly lethal, with case fatality rates ranging from 25 to 90%. There is no licensed treatment or vaccine against the virus, underscoring the need for efficacious countermeasures. We ascertained that a human survivor of the 1995 Kikwit Ebola virus disease outbreak maintained circulating antibodies against the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein for more than a decade after infection. From this survivor we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize recent and previous outbreak variants of Ebola virus and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Strikingly, monotherapy with mAb114 protected macaques when given as late as 5 days after challenge. Treatment with a single human mAb suggests that a simplified therapeutic strategy for human Ebola infection may be possible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corti, Davide -- Misasi, John -- Mulangu, Sabue -- Stanley, Daphne A -- Kanekiyo, Masaru -- Wollen, Suzanne -- Ploquin, Aurelie -- Doria-Rose, Nicole A -- Staupe, Ryan P -- Bailey, Michael -- Shi, Wei -- Choe, Misook -- Marcus, Hadar -- Thompson, Emily A -- Cagigi, Alberto -- Silacci, Chiara -- Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca -- Perez, Laurent -- Sallusto, Federica -- Vanzetta, Fabrizia -- Agatic, Gloria -- Cameroni, Elisabetta -- Kisalu, Neville -- Gordon, Ingelise -- Ledgerwood, Julie E -- Mascola, John R -- Graham, Barney S -- Muyembe-Tamfun, Jean-Jacques -- Trefry, John C -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- Sullivan, Nancy J -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1339-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5224. Epub 2016 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. njsull@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Viral/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & purification ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ebolavirus/*immunology ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Macaca ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Survivors
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):284-7. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.284.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fetal Diseases/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/*prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sommer, Morten O A -- Suess, Beatrix -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):144-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf6189.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. msom@bio.dtu.dk. ; Technische Universitat Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Drug Resistance, Bacterial/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genome-Wide Association Study/*methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/*methods ; Humans ; Riboswitch/*genetics ; *Transcription Termination, Genetic
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):286. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.286.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/*therapy ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Artery ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*genetics
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1126. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1126.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholesterol, HDL/*blood ; Coronary Disease/*blood/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B/*genetics
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sood, Prashant -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):825. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6275.825-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen City, AB25 2ZD, UK. drprashantsood@gmail.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cartoons as Topic ; Humans ; India ; *Physician-Patient Relations ; Students, Medical ; *Trust ; Vaccination/psychology
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: Translated regions distinct from annotated coding sequences have emerged as essential elements of the proteome. This includes upstream open reading frames (uORFs) present in mRNAs controlled by the integrated stress response (ISR) that show "privileged" translation despite inhibited eukaryotic initiation factor 2-guanosine triphosphate-initiator methionyl transfer RNA (eIF2.GTP.Met-tRNA(i )(Met)). We developed tracing translation by T cells to directly measure the translation products of uORFs during the ISR. We identified signature translation events from uORFs in the 5' untranslated region of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) mRNA (also called heat shock 70-kilodalton protein 5 mRNA) that were not initiated at the start codon AUG. BiP expression during the ISR required both the alternative initiation factor eIF2A and non-AUG-initiated uORFs. We propose that persistent uORF translation, for a variety of chaperones, shelters select mRNAs from the ISR, while simultaneously generating peptides that could serve as major histocompatibility complex class I ligands, marking cells for recognition by the adaptive immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Starck, Shelley R -- Tsai, Jordan C -- Chen, Keling -- Shodiya, Michael -- Wang, Lei -- Yahiro, Kinnosuke -- Martins-Green, Manuela -- Shastri, Nilabh -- Walter, Peter -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):aad3867. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. shelley@walterlab.ucsf.edu nshastri@berkeley.edu peter@walterlab.ucsf.edu. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Departments of Molecular Infectiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. ; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. shelley@walterlab.ucsf.edu nshastri@berkeley.edu peter@walterlab.ucsf.edu. ; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. shelley@walterlab.ucsf.edu nshastri@berkeley.edu peter@walterlab.ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions/*genetics ; Cell Tracking ; Codon, Initiator/genetics ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Humans ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Stress, Physiological/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism/microbiology/physiology
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1384-9. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1384.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bone and Bones/*injuries ; Germany ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Military Personnel/*history ; Oceans and Seas ; Rivers ; Skull/injuries ; Violence/*history ; *Warfare ; Weapons/*history
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, Janet -- Grenfell, Bryan -- Farrar, Jeremy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):815-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. jcurrie@princeton.edu. ; Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. ; Wellcome Trust, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Disease Control/*methods/*organization & administration ; Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Reservoirs ; Epidemics/*prevention & control ; *Global Health ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Zoonoses/prevention & control/transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Starr, Douglas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1133-6. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Criminal Law ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Fingerprinting/*legislation & jurisprudence ; False Positive Reactions ; Genetic Testing/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Prisons ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Da Cruz, Sandrine -- Cleveland, Don W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):125-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9872.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. dcleveland@ucsd.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*metabolism ; *Protein Aggregates ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Description: Riboswitches and attenuators are cis-regulatory RNA elements, most of which control bacterial gene expression via metabolite-mediated, premature transcription termination. We developed an unbiased experimental approach for genome-wide discovery of such ribo-regulators in bacteria. We also devised an experimental platform that quantitatively measures the in vivo activity of all such regulators in parallel and enables rapid screening for ribo-regulators that respond to metabolites of choice. Using this approach, we detected numerous antibiotic-responsive ribo-regulators that control antibiotic resistance genes in pathogens and in the human microbiome. Studying one such regulator in Listeria monocytogenes revealed an attenuation mechanism mediated by antibiotic-stalled ribosomes. Our results expose broad roles for conditional termination in regulating antibiotic resistance and provide a tool for discovering riboswitches and attenuators that respond to previously unknown ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dar, Daniel -- Shamir, Maya -- Mellin, J R -- Koutero, Mikael -- Stern-Ginossar, Noam -- Cossart, Pascale -- Sorek, Rotem -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):aad9822. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Institut Pasteur, Unite des Interactions Bacteries-Cellules, Paris, F-75015 France. INSERM, U604, Paris, F-75015 France. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC2020, Paris, F-75015 France. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. rotem.sorek@weizmann.ac.il.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27120414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacillus subtilis/drug effects/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/*genetics ; Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genome, Bacterial/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study/*methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/*methods ; Humans ; Listeria monocytogenes/drug effects/genetics ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Riboswitch/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; *Transcription Termination, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ma, Eric H -- Jones, Russell G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):670-1. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada. Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada. ; Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada. Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada. russell.jones@mcgill.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/*metabolism ; Purines/*biosynthesis/*metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Tetrahydrofolates/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: The cerebrum of large mammals is convoluted, whereas that of small mammals is smooth. Mota and Herculano-Houzel (Reports, 3 July 2015, p. 74) inspired a model on an old theory that proposed a fractal geometry. I show that their model reduces to the product of gray-matter proportion times the folding index. This proportional relation describes the available data even better than the fractal model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Lussanet, Marc H E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):825. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0127.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Sports Science, University of Munster, Horstmarer Landweg 62b, D-48149 Munster, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cerebral Cortex ; Humans ; Lissencephaly/*pathology ; Neurons/*cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Sanchez et al.'s textbook k-anonymization example does not prove, or even suggest, that location and other big-data data sets can be anonymized and of general use. The synthetic data set that they "successfully anonymize" bears no resemblance to modern high-dimensional data sets on which their methods fail. Moving forward, deidentification should not be considered a useful basis for policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Montjoye, Yves-Alexandre -- Pentland, Alex Sandy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1274. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1578.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard University, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. yvesalexandre@demontjoye.com. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Commerce ; *Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; Male ; *Privacy
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1138-40. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computer Simulation ; *Explosions ; *Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; *Nuclear Weapons ; United States
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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