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  • 1
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    Enhanced cometabolic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether by a Pseudomonas sp. strain grown on n-pentane (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-03
    Description: When methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is added as oxygenates it increases the octane number and decreases the release of nitric oxide from the incomplete combustion of reformulated gasoline. The extensive use of MTBE allowed it to be detectable as a pollutant in both ground-level and underground water worldwide. The present study focuses on the isolation and characterization of MTB-degrading microorganisms by cometabolism based on the results of growth on different carbon sources. It also focuses on the kinetic analysis and the continuous degradation of MTBE. A bacterial strain WL1 that can grow on both n-alkanes (C5-C8) and aromatics was isolated and named Pseudomonas sp. WL1 according to the 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Strain WL1 could cometabolically degrade MTBE in the presence of n-alkanes with a desirable degradation rate. Diverse n-alkanes with different lengths of carbon chains showed significant influence on the degradation rate of MTBE and accumulation of tert-b...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Cell-cycle inhibitors and acute kidney injury [Pharmacology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-22
    Description: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potentially fatal syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function caused by ischemic or toxic injury to renal tubular cells. The widely used chemotherapy drug cisplatin accumulates preferentially in the renal tubular cells and is a frequent cause of drug-induced AKI. During the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Plasmoid growth and expulsion revealed by two-point ARTEMIS observations (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-17
    Description: [1]  On 12 October 2011 the two ARTEMIS probes, in lunar orbit ~9 R E north of the neutral sheet, sequentially observed a tailward-moving, expanding plasmoid. Their observations reveal a multi-layered plasma sheet composed of tailward-flowing hot plasma within the plasmoid surrounded by earthward-flowing, less energetic plasma. Prior observations of similar earthward flows ahead of or behind plasmoids have been interpreted as earthward outflow from a continuously active distant-tail neutral line (DNL) opposite an approaching plasmoid. No evidence of active DNL reconnection was observed by the probes, however, as they traversed the plasmoid's leading and trailing edges, penetrating to above its core. We suggest an alternate interpretation: compression of ambient plasma by the tailward-moving plasmoid proper propels the plasma lobeward and earthward, i.e., above and below the plasmoid proper. Using the propagation velocity obtained from timing analysis, we estimate the average plasmoid proper size in its propagation direction to be 9 R E and its expansion rate to be ~7 R E /min at the observation locations. This observation of plasmoid expansion made at the plasmoid boundary is interpreted as plasmoid growth in both the X GSM and the Z GSM directions due to near-Earth-neutral-line (NENL) reconnection on closed plasma sheet field lines. The velocity inside the plasmoid proper was found to be non-uniform; the core likely moves as fast as 500 km/s, yet the outer layers move more slowly (and reverse direction). The absence of lobe reconnection, in particular on the earthward side, suggests that plasmoid formation and expulsion both result from closed plasma sheet field-line reconnection.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    On the force balance around dipolarization fronts within bursty bulk flows (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-14
    Description: We study the force balance surrounding the arrival of dipolarization fronts within bursty bulk flows near substorm onset by comparing curvature force densities and total pressure gradient force densities ahead of and behind the fronts using three inner Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes separated along the Xgsm and the Zgsm directions. Curvature force density estimates are obtained by field line modeling utilizing the Z separation of the probes and the self-similar structure of the front over short distances. A dipolarization front is a boundary between the energetic particle population in the flow burst magnetic flux bundle and the ambient colder plasma ahead of the front. Force density imbalance is found ahead of and behind the front. Ahead of the front, decrease in tailward pressure gradient force results in earthward flow acceleration. Behind the dipolarization front, even though the radius of field line curvature increases, the curvature force density increases even further, mostly due to the increase in the magnetic field magnitude. Thus, plasma acceleration at and immediately after the dipolarization front can be explained by the resultant increased curvature force density.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Azimuthal Extent and Properties of Mid-tail Plasmoids From Two-point ARTEMIS Observations at the Earth-Moon Lagrange Points (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-24
    Description: [1]  Although distant-tail plasmoids are perceived to extend across most of the magnetotail (~40 R E ), recent studies in the near-Earth region (X 〉 -30 R E ) have revealed that near-Earth reconnection (where plasmoids originate) is likely localized and takes place preferentially on the dusk side. This discrepancy in plasmoid azimuthal extent suggests that a plasmoid may grow as it moves from near Earth to the distant tail. Comprehensive multi-point, mid-tail plasmoid observations can be used to test this hypothesis. Between October 2010 and July 2011 the ARTEMIS spacecraft (P1 and P2) at the Earth-Moon Lagrange points (mid-tail, X ~ -45 to -65R E ) provided simultaneous two-point observations across the magnetotail for 4 days every lunar month, with a large range of spacecraft separations (0.1 to 25R E ). We find that plasmoids near lunar orbit, like other near-Earth reconnection-related phenomena, occur preferentially on the dusk side of the magnetotail. Two-point ARTEMIS observations reveal that the typical plasmoid azimuthal size in our dataset is about 5 to 10 R E , much smaller than expected from previous distant-tail observations. Plasmoids with an azimuthal size greater than 9 R E also exist, but only at geomagnetic activity levels higher (AE peak  〉 400nT) than typically found in our dataset (median AE peak  ~ 230 nT for our plasmoid dataset, median AE ~ 100 nT during the entire period of ARTEMIS magnetotail observations). We conclude that plasmoids during small to moderate substorms (AE peak  〈 400nT) do not grow beyond ~10 R E until they have moved tailward of ~ -45 to -65 R E . Plasmoids during large substorms (AE peak  〉 400nT), however, either grow beyond ~10 R E before they reach lunar distance or initially extend across a large portion of the magnetotail.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Anti-Dipolarization Fronts Observed by ARTEMIS (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Near-Earth reconnection on closed plasma sheet field lines is thought to generate plasmoids. A plasmoid is usually described as a plasma sheet expansion into the lobe, encompassed by closed magnetic loops or the helical fields of a flux rope (in this paper we do not distinguish plasmoids from flux ropes, rather we use the term plasmoid generically). Recently, sharp, highly asymmetric north-then-south bipolar variations (with a larger southward portion) in the magnetic field B Z component have been noted in mid-tail (X GSM  ~ -60 R E ) plasmoids. These variations do not fit the classical plasmoid model but are mirror images of earthward-moving dipolarization fronts (DFs), which show asymmetric south-then-north B Z bipolar variations with a larger northward portion. Using case and statistical studies from three years of ARTEMIS data (at X GSM  ~ -60 R E ), we show that magnetic and particle properties of these typically tailward-moving fronts, which we refer to as “anti-dipolarization fronts” (ADFs), are very similar to those of classical, typically earthward-moving DFs, except for their B Z polarity and flow direction. First, like DFs and plasmoids, ADFs are associated with auroral electrojet enhancements. Second, like DFs, ADFs exhibit a sharp density decrease, plasma pressure increase, magnetic pressure increase, and particle heating immediately following the sharp B Z change. Third, particle spectra indicate that, as with DFs, there are two distinctly different magnetically separated populations ahead of and behind ADFs. The energy spectrograms of plasmoids, however, indicate a single hot population at the plasmoid center. We conclude that mid-tail ADFs are likely products of fast reconnection, observed on the tailward side of the reconnection site, just as DFs are products of fast reconnection seen on the earthward side. ADFs are observed at ARTEMIS much less frequently (~10%) than typical plasmoids but twice as frequently as DFs at the same distance. We suggest that ADFs are proto-plasmoids that emerge from near-earth reconnection and evolve quickly into plasmoids as they propagate down the tail.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Dynamic Performances of the Herringbone-Grooved Gas Bearing (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-02
    Description: Aiming at studying the dynamic performances of herringbone-grooved gas bearings, a model is built to analysis the relationship between herringbone-grooved gas bearings parameters and its performances such as friction torque, stiffness, stamping, etc. In this model, the hydrodynamic effect of compressible fluid and the shunting effect of herringbone groove are taken into account, and the partial derivative method which based on local integral finite difference method is used to calculate the modal at the same time. The result shows that when the average gap and the length-diameter ratio are decreasing, the rotate speed and eccentricity ratio will be increasing and the hydrodynamic effect of the gas bearing will be enhanced. Increasing groove angle, decreasing width-ridge ratio or aggrandizing length-groove ratio can improve its load capacity. The parameters such as rotate speed and eccentricity ratio are the most important factors which affect the dynamic characteristics of herri...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 8
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    Electromagnetic energy conversion at reconnection fronts (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-28
    Description: Earth's magnetotail contains magnetic energy derived from the kinetic energy of the solar wind. Conversion of that energy back to particle energy ultimately powers Earth's auroras, heats the magnetospheric plasma, and energizes the Van Allen radiation belts. Where and how such electromagnetic energy conversion occurs has been unclear. Using a conjunction between eight spacecraft, we show that this conversion takes place within fronts of recently reconnected magnetic flux, predominantly at 1- to 10-electron inertial length scale, intense electrical current sheets (tens to hundreds of nanoamperes per square meter). Launched continually during intervals of geomagnetic activity, these reconnection outflow flux fronts convert ~10 to 100 gigawatts per square Earth radius of power, consistent with local magnetic flux transport, and a few times 10(15) joules of magnetic energy, consistent with global magnetotail flux reduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Angelopoulos, V -- Runov, A -- Zhou, X-Z -- Turner, D L -- Kiehas, S A -- Li, S-S -- Shinohara, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 27;341(6153):1478-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1236992.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA. vassilis@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Durable coexistence of donor and recipient strains after fecal microbiota transplantation (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown efficacy in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and is increasingly being applied to other gastrointestinal disorders, yet the fate of native and introduced microbial strains remains largely unknown. To quantify the extent of donor microbiota colonization, we monitored strain populations in fecal samples from a recent FMT study on metabolic syndrome patients using single-nucleotide variants in metagenomes. We found extensive coexistence of donor and recipient strains, persisting 3 months after treatment. Colonization success was greater for conspecific strains than for new species, the latter falling within fluctuation levels observed in healthy individuals over a similar time frame. Furthermore, same-donor recipients displayed varying degrees of microbiota transfer, indicating individual patterns of microbiome resistance and donor-recipient compatibilities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Simone S -- Zhu, Ana -- Benes, Vladimir -- Costea, Paul I -- Hercog, Rajna -- Hildebrand, Falk -- Huerta-Cepas, Jaime -- Nieuwdorp, Max -- Salojarvi, Jarkko -- Voigt, Anita Y -- Zeller, Georg -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- de Vos, Willem M -- Bork, Peer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):586-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Diabetes Center, Vrije University Medical Center, 1018 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. bork@embl.de willem.devos@wur.nl sunagawa@embl.de. ; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. Immunobiology Research Program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. bork@embl.de willem.devos@wur.nl sunagawa@embl.de. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Max Delbruck Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany. Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wurzburg, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany. bork@embl.de willem.devos@wur.nl sunagawa@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification ; Clostridium Infections/microbiology/*therapy ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Feces/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*physiology ; Humans ; Symbiosis ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Homologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Collisionless Shock Acceleration of High-Flux Quasimonoenergetic Proton Beams Driven by Circularly Polarized Laser Pulses (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-18
    Description: Author(s): H. Zhang, B. F. Shen, W. P. Wang, S. H. Zhai, S. S. Li, X. M. Lu, J. F. Li, R. J. Xu, X. L. Wang, X. Y. Liang, Y. X. Leng, R. X. Li, and Z. Z. Xu We present experimental studies on ion acceleration using an 800-nm circularly polarized laser pulse with a peak intensity of 6.9 × 10 19     W / cm 2 interacting with an overdense plasma that is produced by a laser prepulse ionizing an initially ultrathin plastic foil. The proton spectra exhibit spectral pe... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 164801] Published Tue Oct 17, 2017
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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