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  • Volumetrie  (69)
  • pheromone  (60)
  • Springer  (129)
  • Frontiers Media
  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (129)
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  • Springer  (129)
  • Frontiers Media
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutual inhibition of the attractant pheromone response by two species ofIps(Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 101-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; inhibition ; Scolytidae ; Ips ; pini ; paraconfusus ; ipsenol ; linalool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bark beetles,Ips pini andI. paraconfusus, are not cross-attractive in the field although they attack the same host material at the same time. Logs containing the pheromone-producing sex (males) of both species side by side attract significantly fewer beetles of each species than do males of either species alone. Ipsenol, a component of the maleI. paraconfusus pheromone, duplicates the activity of maleI. paraconfusus in inhibiting the response ofI. pini to maleI. pini. Linalool from maleI. pini also reduces the catch ofI. paraconfusus in response to maleI. paraconfusus. Simultaneous production of a specific attractant pheromone and an interspecific chemical inhibitor favors exclusive use of the host substrate by the first arriving species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987723
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone specificity as a reproductive isolating mechanism among the sibling speciesArchips argyrospilus andA. mortuanus and other sympatric tortricine moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 71-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Archips argyrospilus ; Archips mortuanus ; pheromone ; attractant ; Tortricidae ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract MaleArchips argyrospilus (Walker) were maximally attracted to a 60∶40∶4∶200 admixture of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl, (E)-11-tetradecenyl, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl and dodecyl acetates. The identification of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, in addition to the other 3 components reported previously, is the first report of a 4-component pheromone system in moths.Archips mortuanus Kearfoot, a sibling species, was maximally attracted to a blend of the same components, but in a 90∶10∶1 mix of the tetradecenyl acetates. Among a number of tortricine moths that co-occur on apples and other hosts in New York, British Columbia, and elsewhere, differences in diel rhythms of attraction and seasonal distribution are insufficient to maintain reproductive isolation. Although the attractant systems of these species often possess components in common, males are maximally attracted to a speciesspecific blend. In tortricine moths attraction specificity appears to be a paramount mechanism for species partitioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988135
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of slow-release formulation of syntheticendo- andexo-brevicomin on southern pine beetle flight and landing behavior (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; inhibitor ; bark beetle ; Dendroctonus ; southern pine beetle ; slow-release formulations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A slow release formulation of the bark beetle pheromones,endo- andexo-brevicomin, significantly reduced landing of southern pine beetles on host trees. Beetle flight activity within the infestation was not affected by the pheromones. The pheromones were released at approximately 600 mg/ha/day via Conrel® hollow fiber controlled-release dispensers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994140
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Female pheromone in the black molly fish (Mollinenesia latipinna): A possible metabolic correlate (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Black molly fish ; Mollinenesia latipinna ; pheromone ; thyroxine ; thiouracil ; general activity stimulus ; social contact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The female black mollyMollinenesia latipinna emits a water-borne pheromone which increases general activity and social contacts among males. Two hormones, thyroxine and thiouracil, administered to the females increase these behaviors in males. Apparently the hormones do not functionally compete in this species, and both seem to elevate the emission of the male stimulant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994147
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone of the stable fly: Evaluation of methyl- and 1,5-dimethylalkanes as mating stimulants (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; branched alkanes ; mating stimulant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Each of 20 methyl-branched and 1,5-dimethyl-branched alkanes that comprise the active principle of saturated hydrocarbons of the female stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was synthesized and evaluated for mating stimulant activity. The compounds that showed the highest degree of activity in bioassays were 15-methyl- and 15,19-dimethyltritriacontanes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988440
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Mating-stimulant pheromone and cuticular lipid constituents of the little house fly,Fannia canicularis (L.) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fannia canicularis (L.) ; little house fly ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-9-pentacosene ; heneicosan-8-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chromatograms of the cuticular lipids washed from recently emerged female and maleFannia canicularis (L.) flies were nearly identical, but by the time the flies were 5 days old, the cuticular components of the two sexes differed considerably. A monoolefin which constituted 66% of the cuticular lipid from 5-day-old females stimulated a copulatory response from males and was identified as (Z)-9-pentacosene. The cuticular lipid of the same age males contained only 1% of this compound. Although all the major constituents of the cuticular lipid from mature females were hydrocarbons, 27% of the lipid washed from 5-day-old males was a nonhydrocarbon material that was represented by a single GLC peak. This material was identified as heneicosan-8-ol acetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988443
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical recognition of the mother by the young of the cichlid fish,Cichlasoma citrinellum (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 461-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: communication ; fish ; cichlid ; Cichlasoma citrinellum ; pheromone ; maternal ; development ; predation ; chemoreception ; fry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When placed in aY-maze, the 1–10-day-old free-swimming fry of the Midas cichlid can chemically distinguish between their mother and plain water and between another mother and plain water. They do not distinguish between the two mothers offered together or between their father and plain water. Predation pressures make these responses adaptive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988188
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An estimate of the effectiveness of pheromone-baited traps for the suppression ofScolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 527-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scolytus multistriatus ; Dutch elm disease ; pheromone ; Multilure ; mass-trapping ; Ulmus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We attempted to suppress a population ofScolytus multistriatus (Marsham), the principal vector of Dutch elm disease, by trapping flying beetles on sticky traps baited with synthetic pheromone. The estimated catch on 421 traps distributed throughout a 1-km2 plot in Detroit, Michigan, was nearly 1 million beetles. Because an estimated 5 million beetles emerged in the plot during the study period, we conclude that this preliminary trapping study had no appreciable effect on suppressing the population. Studies that employ improved materials and techniques are continuing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989074
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Diel and age-dependent behavioral patterns of exposure-concealment in three species ofTrogoderma (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 409-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Dermestidae ; diel behavioral patterns ; 14-methyl-8-hexadecenal ; pheromone ; reproductive isolation ; Trogoderma glabrum ; T. inclusum ; T. variabile ; trogodermal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract AdultTrogoderma glabrum, T. inclusum, andT. variabile exhibit diel periods of exposure-concealment behavior, the frequency and duration of which are age-dependent, and the temporal placement of which is species-dependent. Exposure periods correspond with daily maxima in male sensitivity to the most active female-released sex pheromone component, 14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, and with respective periods of sex pheromone release in females. Exposure-concealment behavior may be a factor in reproductive isolation between these species, since potential communication distances are greatly reduced when either males or females are concealed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989498
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    trans-Perillenal a furanoid monoterpene from pine saw-fly,Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Neodiprion sertifer ; Pine saw-fly ; Hymenoptera ; Diprionidae ; pheromone ; trans-perillenal ; monoterpene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile constituents present in nanogram quantities in various body parts and glands of the males and females of the speciesNeodiprion sertifer Geoffr. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) have been investigated by GC-MS. A significant amount of a volatile constituent was detected in the lateral parts of the integument of abdominal segments II-III. The constituent was identified as the furanoid monoterpenetrans-perillenal (I) previously not known to occur in nature. The identification and synthesis of this compound is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987917
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Sex pheromone of the stable fly (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L) ; pheromone ; mating stimulants ; alkenes ; cuticular lipids ; copulatory behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular alkenes of the female stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans (L), which were responsible for inducing male fly copulatory behavior are (Z)-9-hentriacontene, (Z)-9-tritriacontene, 13-methyl-1-hen-triacontene and 13-methyl-1-tritriacontene. The identifications of the branched alkenes and the synthesis of these four compounds are described. Bioassays indicate that these materials in combination with previously described methyl branched alkanes are more active than the individual components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987921
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Specificity of trail markers of forest and eastern tent caterpillars (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 565-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Lasiocampidae ; Malacosoma americanum ; Malacosoma disstria ; Tortricidae ; Archips cerasivoranus ; trail marker ; pheromone ; interspecific response ; tent caterpillar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Exploratory trails deposited on paper strips by the forest tent caterpillar (FTC),Malacosoma disstria Hubner, and the eastern tent caterpillar (ETC),M. americanum (Fabricius), as well as extracts of these trails, readily elicited interspecific trail-following behavior. In 2-choice tests involving simple Y mazes constructed from these paper strips, the caterpillars of both species preferred by approximately 3∶1 the trails of the FTC. Studies involving whole colonies of the ETC maintained under nearnatural conditions in the laboratory, however, indicated that the trails deposited by successful foragers of the ETC as they returned to their tent from feeding sites were more attractive than the exploratory trails of either the ETC or FTC. The pronounced interspecific response of these congeners to each other's trails suggests that they utilize either qualitatively similar or identical trail-marking chemicals. Both species preferred their own trails to those ofArchips cerasivoranus (Fitch) (Tortricidae), providing the first evidence that more distantly related lepidopterous larvae utilize distinct trails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987841
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Identification of the white peach scale sex pheromone (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 941-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: White peach scale ; Pseudaulacaspis pentagona ; pheromone ; attractant ; microtechniques ; enantiomer ; isomers ; (R,Z)-3 ; 9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3 ; 9-decadien-1-ol propionate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Micro techniques were used to obtain spectroscopic and degradative information from less than 5μg of the sex attractant of female white peach scale,Pseudaulascaspis pentagons (Targioni-Tozzetti) isolated from airborne collections. The pheromone was identified as (Z)-3,9-dimethyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-ol propionate. Both enantiomers of theZ isomer and also the enantiomers of theE isomer were prepared from (R)-or (S)-limonene. Bioassays of material with minimum enantiomeric purity of 95% showed that at extreme dilution only theR,Z isomer attracted male white peach scale; however activity of theS,Z enantiomer could not be completely excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990217
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  • 14
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    Sex pheromone components and calling behavior of the female dermestid beetle,Trogoderma variabile Ballion (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Dermestidae ; Trogoderma variabile ; pheromone ; isolation ; identification ; (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal ; aeration ; Porapak Q ; sex attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females of the dermestid beetle,Trogoderma variabile Ballion, exhibit a diel pattern of calling behavior. A potent sexual excitant and attractant for the male beetles can be collected on Porapak Q during aeration of female beetles, but cannot be detected in extracts of macerated females. The attractant has been identified as (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal. Of the five additional compounds previously identified as attractants in otherTrogoderma species, only two were found; (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol is present in extracts of macerated female beetles, but not in extracts of Porapak Q, and γ-caprolactone is present in extracts of Porapak Q. Three collection procedures were necessary to ensure that all the pheromone components had been isolated. Synthetic (Z)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal elicits attraction and sexual arousal inT. Variabile males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994138
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  • 15
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    Behavior and pheromone studies withAttagenus elongatulus Casey (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 219-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attagenus elongatulus ; Dermestidae ; pheromone ; behavior ; calling ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males ofAttagenus elongatulus Casey responded to a source of female odor with a characteristic sequence of actions which included: extension of the antennae, elevation of the body by leg extension, rapid zig-zag running, and intermittent bobbing up and down. The courtship sequence also consisted of several activities and was usually followed by a typical copulatory act of less than 1-minute duration. Virgin females exhibited calling behavior which was associated with pheromone release. Female calling activity, female pheromone content, and male responsiveness followed a diurnal cycle with peak values occurring during the earlier hours of the 16L∶8D photoperiod. Quantitative bioassay indicated that a 50% male response level (RD50) occurred at ca. 0.014 female equivalent (FE) exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994148
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    An unusual polyene from male stable flies (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; polyene ; mating stimulant ; (Z,Z)-1,7,-13-pentacosatriene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major component of the cuticular lipids of male stable flies,Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was identified as (Z,Z)-1,7,13-pentacosatriene. The identification was confirmed by synthesis. This material is of unknown biological function; it is apparently not produced by female stable flies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988441
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  • 17
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    Chemical basis for interspecific responses to sex pheromones ofTrogoderma species (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 337-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Dermestidae ; Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) ; T. variabile ; T. glabrum ; T. inclusum ; pheromone ; (Z)- and (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal ; interspecific response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Interspecific responses among severalTrogoderma species have been correlated with their pheromone components. The most important component emitted by four of the species is (Z)- or (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, which is not detectable in extracts of macerated beetles. The response to macerated beetles is probably due to the corresponding alcohol and ester. The recency of common origin of seven species is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988449
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  • 18
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    Diphenyl thiovioluric acid: A new extractive indicator for iron(II) (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 206-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen(II) mit Diphenylthioviolursäure als Indicator ; Volumetrie ; EDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424113
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  • 19
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    Beiträge zur titrimetrischen Bestimmung von dimeren Hydroxyaldehyden (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 276 (1975), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Glykolaldehyd, Glycerinaldehyd, Hydroxyaldehyden ; Volumetrie ; Dimere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Möglichkeiten für die titrimetrische Bestimmung von dimerem Glykolaldehyd (Fp: 94–96° C) und dl-Glycerinaldehyd (Fp: 138–141° C) untersucht. Die systematischen Fehler der auf Grund verschiedener funktioneller Gruppen durchführbaren Messungen sind von der Stabilität ihrer cyclischen Halbacetale sowie von den ihrer Depolymerisation folgenden weiteren Gleichgewichten bestimmt. Das aus dem dl-Glycerinaldehyd gebildete Halbacetal besitzt höhere Stabilität als dasjenige aus dem Glykolaldehyd. Mit der Hydrogensulfit-Methode werden 95–96%, mit der Hydroxylamin-Methode dagegen 98–99% vom wahren Wert gefunden. In Wasser gelöst zersetzt sich der Glykolaldehyd verhältnismäßig rasch, und das Gleichgewicht kann durch beide Aldehydreaktionen quantitativ gegen die Monomerenform verschoben werden. Unsere Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die Hydroxylamin-Methode zur Bestimmung der in Form cyclischer Halbacetale kristallisierenden, dimeren Hydroxyaldehyde Vorteile gegenüber der Hydrogensulfit-Methode bietet.
    Notes: Abstract Possibilities for the titrimetric determination of dimeric glycolaldehyde (m.p. 94–96° C) and dl-glyceraldehyde (m.p. 138–141° C) have been investigated. The systematic errors based on different functional groups depend on the stability of the cyclic semiacetals and on the subsequent equilibria established after their depolimerisation. The semiacetal of dl-glyceraldehyde is more stable than that of glycolaldehyde. 95–96% and 98–99% of the real content were found by the hydrogensulphite and hydroxylamine methods, respectively. Glycolaldehyde decomposes rather quickly in aqueous solution and the equilibrium can be shifted towards the monomeric form by both the aldehyde reactions. The hydroxylamine method proved to be more advantageous for the determination of the dimeric hydroxyaldehydes, which cristallise in the form of cyclic semiacetals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437567
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  • 20
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    Titrimetric determination of mercaptans with trivalent cobalt (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Mercaptanen mit Kobalt(III) ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432575
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  • 21
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    Assay of mixtures of hydrazine and other nitrogen bases by thermometric titrimetry (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 280 (1976), S. 373-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Hydrazin, Ammoniak, Anilin, Hydroxylamin, Thiocyanat, Dimethylhydrazin im Gemisch ; Volumetrie ; thermometrisch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Binary mixtures of hydrazine and one of the following N-containing bases: ammonia, aniline, hydroxylamine, thiocyanate and unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine have been assayed thermometrically. The titrations are based both on the basic and the reducing properties of the compounds. For example, whilst for mixtures of hydrazine and ammonia, the total base content is determined by an acid/base titration, and the hydrazine component is determined by oxidation with bromate ion; for mixtures containing aniline or hydroxylamine, serial titration with bromate ensures that all the hydrazine is oxidised before the onset of oxidation of the other component. Mixtures of hydrazine and UDMH have been assayed in both aqueous and non-aqueous media and a comparison of results has been reported. The main advantage of the proposed methods is that they can be applied to industrial samples, which would render other methods impossible.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Binäre Mischungen von Hydrazin mit Ammoniak, Anilin, Hydroxylamin, Thiocyanat und asymmetrischem Dimethylhydrazin wurden thermometrisch analysiert. Sowohl die basischen als auch die reduzierenden Eigenschaften des Hydrazins bilden die Grundlage der Titrationen. Zum Beispiel wird im Gemisch Hydrazin/Ammoniak der Gesamtbasengehalt acidimetrisch ermittelt und die Hydrazinkomponente durch Oxydation mit Bromat bestimmt. Im Gemisch Anilin/Hydrazin oder Hydroxylamin/Hydrazin wird mit Bromat zunächst alles Hydrazin oxydiert, bevor die Oxydation der zweiten Komponente einsetzt. Mischungen von Hydrazin mit asym. Dimethylhydrazin werden in wäßrigem und auch in nichtwäßrigem Medium ausgeführt und die Ergebnisse verglichen. Der Hauptvorteil der beschriebenen Verfahren besteht darin, daß auch industrielle Proben untersucht werden können, bei denen andere Verfahren versagen würden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439074
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    Titrimetric determinations of cryptands and cryptates (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 358-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best von Kryptanden, Kryptaten ; Volumetrie ; HCl, Metall-Standardlösung, Standardzugabeverfahren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Using bromocresol green as a visual endpoint indicator solutions of the cryptands [2.2.1] and [2.2.2] can be determined by titration with HCl in the concentration range of 10−1–10−3 M with relative standard deviations of 0.2–0.4 %. If both cryptand and cryptate are present in one solution, then the sum of them can be determined titrimetrically in the same way. It is also possible to determine the contents of [2.2.1] and [2.2.2] by using a calcium or barium standard solution and the unknown cryptand solution as a titrant. By evaluation of the pH-curve thus obtained, the endpoint of the titration can be determined. In the concentration range of 10−1–10−2 M relative standard deviations of about 0.5% are obtained. [2.2.1] cryptand solutions are determined by using the standard addition technique of Gran with a calcium chloride solution. An ion-selective electrode is used as a probe for calcium ions. If this method is applied, the relative standard deviation in the range of 10−2–10−4 M solutions is approximately 3%. With this technique cryptand can be analysed even when cryptate is present in the solution.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Verwendung von Bromkresolgrün als visueller Endpunktindicator kann man [2.2.1] und [2.2.2] Kryptandlösungen im Konzentrationsbereich 10−1–10−3 M mit relativen Standardabweichungen von 0,2–0,4% mit HCl titrieren. Wenn in einer Lösung sowohl Kryptand als auch Kryptat vorhanden ist, ist die Summe beider Substanzen auf die gleiche Weise bestimmbar. [2.2.1] und [2.2.2] können auch dadurch bestimmt werden, daß eine Calciumbzw. Barium-Standardlösung mit der Kryptandlösung unbekannter Konzentration titriert wird. Die Auswertung der dabei erhaltenen pH-Kurve ergibt den Titrationsendpunkt, wobei hierdurch im Konzentrationsbereich von 10−1–10−2 M Kryptandlösungen relative Standardabweichungen von etwa 0,5% erreicht werden. [2.2.1] Kryptandlösungen werden außerdem mit der Standard-Additionstechnik nach Gran bestimmt, wobei eine calciumselektive Elektrode als Indicatorelektrode dient. Dabei werden im Konzentrationsbereich von 10−2–10−4 M relative Standardabweichungen von etwa 3 % erhalten. Diese Methode kann auch überschüssigen Kryptand neben Kryptat bestimmen.
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    Titrimetry in a continuous flow system (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 413-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Sulfat in Umweltmaterial ; Volumetrie ; Durchflußsystem, Dimethylsulfonazo als Indicator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00471465
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    Über die Zusammensetzung des (1∶2)-Bor-Curcumin-Chelates »Rosocyanin« (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 269-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Untersuchungen an Bor-Curcumin-Chelaten ; Thermodifferentialanalyse ; Volumetrie ; DMSO
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481491
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    Bestimmung von Wasserspuren in Chlorcyan durch Karl-Fischer-Titration (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 380-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Wasser in Chlorcyan ; Volumetrie ; Karl Fischer, Ethylenglykol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Wasserspuren in verflüssigtem Chlorcyan beschrieben. Nach Hinzufügen von Chlorcyan zu Ethylenglykol wird das Chlorcyan durch Verdampfen entfernt. Das durch das Ethylenglykol zurückgehaltene Wasser wird mit Karl-Fischer-Lösung titriert. Die Standardabweichungen sind im Bereich von 0,004–0,007 (0,1–0,4 g H2O/100 ml ClCN).
    Notes: Summary A description is given of a method for determining traces of water in liquefied cyanogen chloride. Following the addition to ethylene glycol, cyanogen chloride is removed by evaporation. The water retained by ethylene glycol is then titrated by Karl-Fischer solution. Standard deviations are in the range of 0.004–0.007 (0.1–0.4 g H2O/100 ml ClCN).
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    Delafield's haematoxylin as a new indicator in the nitritometric determination of aromatic primary amines (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 414-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen, aromat. primäre ; Volumetrie ; Nitrit, Hämatoxylin als Indicator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481568
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  • 27
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    Titrimetry in continuous flow systems (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 155-156 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. der Alkalität von Umweltmaterial ; Volumetrie ; Durchflußsystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00521658
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    Zur Anwendung der magnetischen Titration (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 39-41 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nickel, Jodid ; Volumetrie ; magnetisch, Meßanordnung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine einfache Meßanordnung für die magnetische Titration wird vorgestellt. Anhand der Umsetzung von [Ni(NH3)6]2+ mit CN− und von J− mit Cr2O7 2− wird gezeigt, daß sich dieses Meßverfahren unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen in der quantitativen Analyse einsetzen läßt. Zur Auswertung der Titrationskurven wird eine Auftragung der Kraft im Magnetfeld gegen das reziproke Gesamtvolumen vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Summary A simple measuring equipment for magnetic titration is described. On the basis of the reaction of [Ni(NH3)6]2+ with CN− and J− with Cr2O7 2− it is shown that under certain conditions this method is useful in quantitative analysis. For evaluation of the titration curves, a plot of the force in the magnetic field against the reciprocal of the total volume is proposed.
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    Vollautomatische titrimetrische Einzelanalyse in der Praxis (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 126-131 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Volumetrie ; Einzelproben, automatisches Analysengerät
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Voraussetzungen einer effektiven Automation der individuellen titrimetrischen Analyse werden dargestellt. Ein nach diesen Gesichtspunkten entwickeltes Gerät wird beschrieben und seine Anwendung in den Gebieten der Farbstoffe, Agrochemikalien, Additiven und Pharmaka aufgezeigt.
    Notes: Summary Criteria for effective automation of individual titrimetric analyses are presented. Based on these, an automatic titration system has been developed which is described. Its performance and its applicability in the field of dyestuffs, agrochemicals, additives and pharmaceuticals has been investigated.
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    Volumetric determination of strontium in strontium ferrites (1979)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 159-159 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Strontium in Strontiumferriten ; Volumetrie ; Ausfällung bzw. Maskierung von Eisen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483598
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    Quantitative Mikrobestimmung von Chlorid (1979)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 43-43 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Chlorid ; Volumetrie ; Dithizon, AgCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470049
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    Direct oxidimetric determination of indigo with vanadate (1979)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 159-159 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Indigo und Vanadat ; Volumetrie ; photometr. Endpunkt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00521663
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    Zerstörungsfreie Ultramikroanalyse archäologischer Fundstücke (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 269-272 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Bronze in archäolog. Material ; Volumetrie ; Korundstäbchen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Fortsetzung einer früheren Arbeit über Kupfer und Messing wird in dieser Mitteilung die Zinnbestimmung in Abstrichen beschrieben. Metazinnsäure wird durch Filtration mit Hilfe eines besonderen Gerätes abgetrennt, zu SnS2 umgesetzt, in HCl gelöst und die Sn-Bestimmung wird dann durch Rücktitration eines EDTA-Überschusses mit Zinksulfat durchgeführt.
    Notes: Summary In continuation of an earlier paper on copper and brass this communication describes the determination of tin in streak samples. Metastannic acid is isolated by filtration using a specially designed apparatus. It is converted to SnS2, dissolved in HCl and Sn is determined by back-titration of excess EDTA with zink sulphate.
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    Direct volumetric determination of sulphonamides by bromination with N-bromosuccinimide (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 277 (1975), S. 125-125 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Sulfonamiden mit N-Bromsuccinimid ; Volumetrie
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00602083
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    Field method for the volumetric determination of fluoride in water using SPADNS and thorium nitrate (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 277 (1975), S. 207-207 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Fluorid in Wasser ; Volumetrie ; SPADNS und Thoriumnitrat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00462241
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    Bestimmung von Mikromengen Kobalt als Pyrrolidindithiocarbaminat unter Verwendung der Reaktion von Jod mit Natriumazid (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 160-160 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt mit Pyrrolidindithiocarbaminat ; Volumetrie ; Jod-Azid-Reaktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495183
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    A critical examination of the salicylaldehyde method for the determination of primary amines in the presence of secondary amines (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 396-399 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen mit Salicylaldeyd ; Volumetrie ; primäre, sekundäre, krit. Untersuchung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The salicylaldehyde method for the differentiation of primary and secondary amines in mixtures has been critically evaluated. This method yields best results in acetonitrile. In mixtures of amines one can expect high results for the primary amine with correspondingly low results for the secondary amine. Corrections can be made with known mixtures of the amines.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Salicylaldehydverfahren zur Unterscheidung primärer und sekundärer Amine im Gemisch wurde kritisch bewertet. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden in Acetonitril erhalten. In Gemischen sind für primäre Amine zu hohe und für sekundäre entsprechend zu niedrige Werte zu erwarten. Mit Hilfe bekannter Mischungen können Korrekturen durchgeführt werden.
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    Phenols as pheromones of ixodid ticks: A general phenomenon? (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 501-509 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: ticks ; ixodid ticks ; pheromone ; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ; Rhipicephalus pulchellus ; phenol ; cresol ; 2,6-dichlorophenol ; salicylaldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of femaleRhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann andR. pulchellus Neumann, vectors or potential vectors of East Coast fever, have yielded phenol andp-cresol. The same phenols have been found in five additional species of hard ticks, three of which also contained 2,6-dichlorophenol. Salicylaldehyde appeared as another phenolic component in four of these species. On the basis of this information- and of the rather limited literature available, it appears that ixodid ticks may generally utilize simple phenols as attractants. Behavioral observations suggest a role of the phenols in the meeting of the sexes.
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    An economical synthesis of the major sex attractant of the oak leaf roller—cis-10-tetradecenyl acetate (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 317-322 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: synthesis ; cis-10-tetradecenyl acetate (I) ; Archips semiferanus ; oak leaf roller ; sex attractant ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major sex attractant of the oak leaf roller (Archips semiferanus Walker),cis-10-tetradecenyl acetate (I), was synthesized in 55–62% overall yield by a highly economical route from inexpensive azelaic acid (II).
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    Studies on the isolation and bioassay of the sex pheromone of the drugstore beetle,Stegobium paniceum (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 413-422 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Stegobium paniceum ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; drugstore beetle ; insect behavior ; stored-product insects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Females ofStegobium paniceum (L.) produce a sex pheromone that causes an excitation and attraction of the males. Male response was highest 5–12 days after adult emergence. Pheromone titer of unmated females increased steadily after 1 day, reached a plateau after 5 days, and continued until at least 14 days. Mature males showed a threshold responsiveness of 3 × 10−7 μg pheromone. The pheromone titer per female ranged from 50 to 200 ng. On the basis of a high-resolution mass spectrum the empirical formula of the pure isolated pheromone molecule was determined to be C13H20O3. The pheromone was further defined by its Chromatographic behavior and spectroscopic properties.
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    A chemical trail factor from the silk of the eastern tent caterpillarMalacosoma americanum (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 187-193 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Malacosoma americanum ; tent caterpillar ; chemical trail substance ; pheromone ; trail-following behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The leaf-feeding larvae of the eastern tent caterpillarMalacosoma americanum (Fabricius) follow silk trails laid down on branches leading from their communal tent to distant foraging sites. The response of colonies reared in the laboratory under seminatural conditions to silk trails washed in methylene chloride and to chemical trails prepared from a solvent extract of their tent or trail silk, showed that one or more soluble components of their trail is essential to the elicitation of the following response. The demonstrated ability of the caterpillars to distinguish between old and newly reinforced silk trails most likely occurs in response to a temporal change in the detectable chemical properties of their trail.
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    Terminology of chemical releasing stimuli in intraspecific and interspecific interactions (1976)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 211-220 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: chemical ecology ; hormone ; pheromone ; allomone ; kairomone ; synomone ; apneumone ; chemical communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The terminology of chemical releasing stimuli is examined in an attempt to reduce some apparent confusion. Two new classes of interspecific chemical signals, synomone and apneumone, are proposed.
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    Deterrence of repeated oviposition by fruit-marking pheromone inCeratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 55-63 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; Ceratitis capitata ; oviposition deterrent ; laboratory insect quality ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract During ovipositor dragging on the fruit surface following egg laying in hawthorne fruit,Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) females deposit an unidentified pheromone that deters repeated oviposition attempts in that fruit. The pheromone proved water soluble and, when collected and sprayed in aqueous solution onto uninfested fruits in laboratory cages, effectively deterred boring attempts byC. capitata females of wild origin for at least 6 days (termination of test). A laboratory population ofC. capitata cultured on artificial media for more than 200 generations deposited pheromone that proved equally as deterrent to wild fly oviposition as pheromone from wild flies. However, lab fly oviposition was not effectively deterred by the presence of pheromone. The ecological significance of the pheromone is discussed.
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    Mating stimulant pheromone and cuticular lipid constituents ofFannia femoralis (Stein) (Diptera: Muscidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 83-93 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fannia femoralis (Stein) ; pheromone ; mating stimulant pheromone ; (Z)-11-hentriacontene ; cuticular lipid ; fly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular lipids of male and femaleFannia femoralis were similar for recently emerged insects but soon began to develop chromatographic patterns characteristic of each sex. Mature females contained more C31 and C33 monoolefin in the cuticular lipid than males. Also, the double bonds in the monoolefins of the female lipid were situated predominantly at the eleventh and thirteenth carbons, while most of those from the males were centrally located in the molecule or at the ninth carbon. The female C31 monoolefin stimulated copulation by the males, but more mating activity occurred when the saturated hydrocarbons present in the female cuticular lipids were added. The synthetic monoolefin most active as a mating stimulant pheromone was (Z)-11-hentriacontene, but the addition of female alkanes or of syntheticn-alkanes to (Z)-11-hentriacontene increased the activity of the synthetic pheromone.
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    Species-specific natural products of adult male leaf-footed bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 53-62 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coreidae ; Heteroptera ; Hemiptera ; sex attractant ; pheromone ; sexual selection ; n-octanol ; benzyl alcohol ; vanillin ; 2-phenyl-ethanol ; leaf-footed bugs ; chemotaxonomy ; allomome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The 7–8th ventral abdominal gland secretions from 6 adult male leaf-footed bugs,Leptoglossus spp., and a related species,Euthochtha galeator, were chemically analyzed by GC-MS. Of the 11 volatile compounds identified, all but one of the compounds (n-octanol) were aromatic, including compounds with the familiar odors of cherries, vanilla, cinnamon, and roses. The preponderance of aromatics in the adult male ventral abdominal gland secretions contrasts sharply with the aliphatic compounds which comprise the metathoracic gland defensive secretions of adult males and females. Also, the male-specific secretions are species-specific, both qualitatively and quantitatively, whereas the metathoracic gland secretions of Coreoidea are only distinctive at the generic level. It is proposed that males were favored as the emitters of attractive signals by sexual selection, whereas the specificity of the signal is the result of natural selection against hybridization.
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    Pheromone of the male flesh fly,Sarcophaga bullata (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 125-130 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diptera ; Sarcophagidae ; flesh fly ; Sarcophaga bullata ; pheromone ; hexanal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hexanal, isolated from a whole animal extract of the flesh fly,Sarcophaga bullata, attracts over 65% of the females tested with no apparent effect on males.
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    Specialization of olfactory cells to insect-and host-produced volatiles in the bark beetleIps pini (say) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 109-123 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Bark beetle ; Ips pini ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; pheromone ; enantiomer ; olfaction ; single cell ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophysiological recordings inIps pini were made from single olfactory cells stimulated by six concentrations of eleven compounds—either pheromones or host constituents. The receptor cells were grouped according to their differential responses to these biologically significant compounds. Cells specialized to either ipsdienol or ipsenol (pheromones for severalIps species) appeared to be relatively uniform in their sensitivity to all compounds tested. Another group of cells specialized tocis- andtrans-verbenol were more variable in their sensitivities to the substances tested. The activation of separate groups of cells by the different pheromones and host compounds shows (by exclusion) that behaviorally expressed syner-gistic as well as inhibitory action mainly is due to an interaction in the central nervous system rather than an interaction of the compounds on the receptors. All “ipsdienol cells” responded to both enantiomers of ipsdienol. Although some differences between responses to the enantiomers by individual cells were observed, these did not form a consistent pattern, and no net differences could be found between the eastern and western populations ofI. pint.
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    Chiral specificity of the sex pheromone of the red-headed pine sawfly,Neodiprion lecontei (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 237-249 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sawflies ; pheromone ; stereospecificity ; (−)-erythro configuration ; enantiomers ; chirality ; optical isomers ; Neodiprion lecontei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stereospecificity of the sawfly pheromone 3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol acetate againstNeodiprion lecontei was studied. Twoerythro and a 1∶1 mixture ofthreo isomers (C-2 and C-3) were synthesized for this purpose. It was found that only one isomer with (−)-erythro configuration (2S, 3S) had biological activity. The potency of this synthetic pheromone was roughly identical to the one shown by the naturally occurring pheromone in this species.
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    Quantitative estimates of the western pine beetle attractive pheromone components,exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene in nature (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 397-414 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus brevicomis ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; myrcene ; attractant ; pheromone ; pheromone production ; pest management ; bark beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three parameters are described for estimating the natural occurrence of chemically defined insect pheromones: (1) the rate and duration of release by the insect, (2) the density of the pheromone-emitting insect population in both time and space, and (3) dispersal and degradation rates of the chemicals. Each of these parameters, except dispersal, was estimated for a population ofDendroctonus brevicomis LeC, and its three component attractive pheromones. A single generation of 610,000 beetles, believed to comprise the entire population in a 65-km2 forest, was estimated to have released 0.78, 3.7, and 370.5 g of frontalin,exo-brevicomin, and myrcene, respectively, within a 30-day period.
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    Identification of a four-component sex pheromone of the female oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 423-427 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Grapholitha molesta ; Oriental fruit moth ; attractant ; pheromone ; (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol ; dodecanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The female-emitted pheromone ofGrapholitha molesta (Busck), the Oriental fruit moth, was collected by holding females in glass flasks during calling. Flask washes were found to contain four pheromone components: (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate in a 100∶7 ratio, and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol and dodecanol in a 100∶20 ratio. The ratio of (Z)-8-acetate to (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol was approx. 100∶30. Approximately 0.1–0.2 ng of pheromone was recovered per female per hour of calling.
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    Synthesis of the male stable fly polyene (Z,Z)-1,7,13-pentacosatriene and its geometrical isomers (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 415-422 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; polyene ; mating stimulant ; (Z,Z)-1,7,13-pentacosatriene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The four geometrical isomers of 1,7,13-pentacosatriene were synthesized from 1,7-octadiyne. Two of the required isomers were synthesized using known methodology. Hydrogenation of acetylenic linkages were employed to produce predominantly cis alkenes, and alkali metal/amine reduction was used to produce a trans alkene. It was thus possible to produce the (Z,Z) and the (Z,E) isomers. Methods for olefin inversion were then employed to obtain the other two isomers.
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    Trapping the western pine beetle at and near a source of synthetic attractive pheromone Effects of trap size and position (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 519-531 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pinus ponderosa ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; western pine beetle ; attractant ; pheromone ; behavior ; traps ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Western pine beetles were caught on unbaited sticky traps placed near a source ofexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Size of trap, distance and direction from the source of attractant, and height from the ground were varied. Significant differences in trap catch were observed in relation to each of the variables. Traps close to the source of attractant caught more beetles than traps farther from the source. Traps downwind of the source of attractant caught more beetles than did upwind traps. More males than females were trapped close to the source of attractant.
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    An efficient synthesis of muscalure from jojoba oil or oleyl alcohol (1979)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 557-564 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z)-9-tricosene ; muscalure ; housefly ; pheromone ; Musca domestica ; jojoba oil ; oleyl alcohol ; sex attractant ; Diptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A four-step synthesis of (Z)-9-tricosene (“muscalure”), a component of the pheromone of the housefly, from jojoba oil (or three-step from oleyl alcohol) by 3-carbon (or 5-carbon) unit elongation was developed in overall high yield. The sequence of reactions and the purity of the products could be easily followed, with relatively good accuracy, by NMR technique.
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    Pentatomid natural products (1978)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 161-172 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pentatomidae ; Heteroptera ; Asopinae ; sex attractant ; pheromone ; (E)-2-hexenal ; α-terpineol ; benzyl alcohol ; exocrine glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In addition to the primarily defensive metathoracic glands, adult Pentatomoidea possess a pair of active exocrine glands that open between the III and IV abdominal tergites. In the southern green stink bug,Nezara viridula, and other phytophagous species examined, the glands are small (〈 10 μg secretion/individual) and of approximately equal size in both sexes. In some, but not all, of the predaceous pentatomids (Asopinae), the III-IV dorsal abdominal glands are small in females (〈 10 μg secretion/individual) and extremely large in males (〉500 μg secretion/individual). Using a GC-MS system, the secretion from both males and females ofN. viridula (Pentatominae) was found to contain (E)-2-hexenal, hexanal, 1-hexanol, andn-tridecane. Females contained about three times moren-tridecane than males. The capacious glands ofPodisus maculiventris (Asopinae) males produce (E)-2-hexenal, benzyl alcohol, α-terpineol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, andcis-piperitol. The composition of the previously unanalyzed secretions from the adult III-IV dorsal abdominal glands is compared and contrasted to that of secretions from the metathoricic gland, and the role of coexisting exocrine glands in adult Heteroptera is discussed.
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    Heliothis virescens: Attraction of males to blends of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 709-716 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tobacco budworm ; Heliothis virescens (F.) ; virelure ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate ; (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol formate ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In field trapping experiments, 16∶1 and 32∶1 blends of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol formate (Z-9-TDF) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z-9-TDAL) caught as manyHeliothis virescens (F.) as 3 virgin females and virelure, the synthetic pheromone of this species [a 16∶1 mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z-11-HDAL) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal]. Z-9-TDF and (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol formate (Z-7-DDF) are structurally similar to Z-11-HDAL and Z-9-TDAL, respectively. The sensory input elicited by Z-9-TDF appears to substitute for the sensory input of Z-1 1-HDAL. In contrast, Z-7-DDF had no significant effect on catches of maleH. virescens when used alone, in combination with either Z-11-HDAL or Z-9-TDF as a bait in traps, or as a disruptant of pheromone communication via permeation of the atmosphere. Furthermore, Z-9-TDF may be a more stable and economical attractant forH, virescens males than is Z-1 1-HDAL.
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    Tandem calling pheromone in the genusLeptothorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Behavioral analysis of specificity (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 35-52 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Leptothorax ; Mychothorax ; Harpagoxenus americanus ; recruitment ; pheromone ; poison gland ; specificity ; comparative behavioral analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ants of the genusLeptothorax recruit to new nest sites and newly discovered food sources by tandem running. This involves one ant directly leading a nestmate to the target area. Pheromones from the poison gland have proved the most important signal employed during this recruitment behavior. Comparative behavioral analysis with 11 species ofLeptothorax demonstrated a subgenus specificity of the tandem calling pheromone between the subgeneraLeptothorax andMychothorax.
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    Determination of enantiomer composition of several bicyclic ketal insect pheromone components (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 27-43 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; multistriatin ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; Scolytus multistriatus ; enantiomeric composition ; optical purity ; chiral shift reagent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract Details are given for the determination by a chiral shift reagent of enantiomer compositions of several bark beetle pheromone components, which are bicyclic ketals. The procedure was carried out on three samples in the range of 200 micrograms. For one sample, the determination was achieved at the level of 5 micrograms.
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    Attraction of redbanded leafroller moths,Argyrotaenia velutinana, to blends of (Z)-and (E)-11-tridecenyl acetates (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 143-149 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Redbanded leafroller ; Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) ; (Z)-11-tridecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tridecenyl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; dodecyl acetate ; attractant ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pheromone ofArgyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) is a 92∶8∶150 mixture of (Z)-11-, (E)-11-tetradecenyl and dodecyl acetates. An 85∶15 blend of (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tridecenyl acetates produces a trap catch equivalent to that with the pheromone blend. The sensory input elicited by (Z)-11-tridecenyl acetate appears to substitute for the sensory input of both (Z)-11-tetradecenyl and dodecyl acetates, whereas the input from (E)-11-tridecenyl acetate appears to substitute for that of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate. Surprisingly, addition of dodecyl acetate to the tridecenyl acetates mixture decreases trap catches.
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    Inhibition of the attractant pheromone response inIps pini andI. paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): Field evaluation of ipsenol and linalool (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 257-267 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips ; paraconfusus ; I. pini ; pheromone ; allomone ; inhibition ; ipsenol ; linalool ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Linalool, a compound from maleI. pini, previously suggested as an inhibitor forI. paraconfusus, has no obvious effect on the response ofI. paraconfusus to ponderosa pine bolts containing maleI. paraconfusus. I. pini from California and New York equally inhibit the response ofI. paraconfusus to maleI. paraconfusus. Ipsenol, one component of the attractant pheromone ofIps paraconfusus, inhibits attacks byIps pini on ponderosa pine logs baited with maleI. pini. The concentration of ipsenol used appears to be critical for effective suppression of attacks.
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    Isolation and tentative identification of lineatin, a pheromone from the frass ofTrypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 549-561 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trypodendron lineatum ; lineatin ; pheromone ; attractant ; tricyclic acetal ; Scolytidae ; aggregation pheromone ; ambrosia beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An attractant compound was isolated from frass produced byTrypodendron lineatum female beetles boring in Douglas fir. The proposed structure is one of two isomeric tricyclic acetals, to which the trivial name lineatin is assigned.
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    Mating stimulant pheromone and cuticular lipid constituents ofFannia pusio (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Muscidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 73-81 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fannia pusio (Wiedemann) ; pheromone ; mating stimulant pheromone ; (Z)-11-hentriacontene ; cuticular lipid ; fly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chromatograms of the cuticular lipids washed from newly emerged male and femaleFannia pusio were nearly identical. By the time the flies were 1 day old, the chromatographic profiles for the sexes were different. Mature females contained more C31- and C33-hydrocarbons than the males. The double bonds of the female monoolefins were mostly at the eleventh and thirteenth carbons, but those of the males were predominantly at the ninth carbon. Most active in stimulating copulation by males were the unbranched monoolefins with 31 and 33 carbons from the females. When they were synthesized and tested, the most active compound was (Z)-11-hentriacontene.
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    Identification of the California red scale sex pheromone (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 211-224 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: California red scale ; Aonidiella aurantii ; pheromone ; attractant ; enantiomer ; isomers (E,Z)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-9-decen-1-yl acetate ; (Z)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-yl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pheromone components of female California red scale,Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) were isolated from airborne collections and found to be 3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-9-decen-1-yl acetate and (Z)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-3,9-decadien-1-yl acetate. Both enantiomers of the latter compound as well as the corresponding enantiomers of theE isomer were prepared from (S)- or (R)-carvone. Bioassays with each of the four isomers showed that only theR,Z isomer attracted male red scale.
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    Patterns of sex pheromone release from adult females, and effects of air velocity and pheromone release rates on theoretical communication distances inTrogoderma glabrutm (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 395-408 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; chemical communication distances ; Dermestidae ; 14-methyl-8-hexadecenal ; pheromone ; release rates ; Trogoderma glabrum ; trogodermal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract By means of olfactory communication models, theoretical maximum communication distances for dispensers releasing synthetic (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal (trogodermal) were confirmed in windtunnel tests withTrogoderma glabrum males. Pheromone release rates ofT. glabrum females are at least 104 greater during than before calling, and are gradually reduced after calling. The models predict that, even under ideal conditions, females may attract males from only several meters. The models are used to estimate active space lengths for female and synthetic pheromone sources, as a function of realistic release rates and wind velocities.
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    Behavioral responses of the female eastern spruce budwormChoristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) to the sex pheromone of her own species (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 649-655 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Spruce budworm ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; pheromone ; female behavior ; electroantennogram ; dispersal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Female eastern spruce budworm moths respond to the synthetic sex pheromone of their own species (a mixture ofcis- andtrans-11-tetradecenal) by walking, antennal grooming, flexation of the body, extension of the ovipositors, and oviposition. The sex pheromone is perceived by receptors on the antennae. Electroantennogram responses from the female are approximately two-thirds the amplitude of those obtained from males.
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    Heterocyclic compounds as releasers of the fright reaction in the giant danioDanio malabaricus (Jerdon) (Cyprinidae, Ostariophysi, Pisces) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 665-673 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fish ; Danio malabaricus (Jerdon) ; fright reaction ; pheromone ; heterocyclic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fifty-nine pteridine, purine, and pyrimidine derivatives were tested with schools of the giant danioDanio malabaricus (Jerdon). The fright reaction was elicited by three pteridine derivatives: 2,6-diamino-4-oxodihydropteridine, isoxanthopterin, and 6-acetonyliso-xanthopterin. A minor effect could not be excluded for three purine derivatives: I-5-MP, IDP, and ITP.
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    Subspecies specificity of response to a mammalian social odor (1975)
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    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 125-131 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: deer ; mammals ; odor preference ; odor specificity ; olfactory discrimination ; pheromone ; sexual isolation ; social odor ; tarsal scent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two subspecies of deer, black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and Rocky Mountain mule deer (O. h. hemionus) were exposed to the tarsal scents of both subspecies in a social setting. The scent was sprayed on one individual in a group. The responses, consisting of sniffing, licking, and following, were stronger to each subspecies' own tarsal scent. This discrimination may be important for sexual isolation in areas where the ranges of the two species overlap.
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    Termination of aggregation by the European elm bark beetle,Scolytus multistriatus (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 283-289 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: aggregation attractant ; pheromone ; Scolytus multistriatus ; attraction termination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The attractiveness of European elm bark beetle virgin females boring in elm logs declined within two days after the introduction of males. However, in the laboratory and in the field the number of beetles attracted to female-infested bolts was not depressed by the presence of separate logs infested with males or both sexes. It is concluded that the decline in attractiveness following cohabitation of the sexes results from termination of the production of attractant pheromone by mated females rather than the production of antiattractants by either sex.
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    A sex pheromone in the potato tuberworm moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller): Biological assay and preliminary chemical investigation (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 465-473 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Phthorimaea operculella ; potato tuberworm ; pheromone ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A sex pheromone was obtained from extracts of adult virgin female abdomens of the potato tuberworm,Phthorimaea operculella. A biological assay method was devised to test males for optimal responsiveness to the pheromone under varying conditions. Chemical analyses of pheromone extracts were initiated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry.
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    Sex pheromone of the stable flyl: Isolation and preliminary identification of compounds that induce mating strike behavior (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 377-385 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; C31carbon chain ; C33carbon chain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cuticular rinses of the female stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), contained saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons that incited the male fly to attempt couplation. These compounds present in GLC trappings of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction showing highest biological activity were mono- and dimethyl-substituted hentria- and tritriacontanes. Active trappings from the unsaturated hydrocarbon fraction contained (Z)-9-hentriacontene, (Z)-9-tritriacontene, and methyl-branched hentria- and tritriacontenes.
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    Wing scents and scent-released phases in the courtship behavior ofLycaeides argyrognomon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 399-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: butterfly ; sesquiterpene ; scent scales ; mating behavior ; Lycaeides argyrognomon ; nonanal ; hexadecyl acetate ; torreyoi ; δ-cadinol ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Habitats ofLycaeides argyrognomon Bgstr. are described. The most ritualized courtship comprises: male approaching, male fluttering around, female mate refusal posture, female escape flight, sexual chase, female alighting, male fluttering around, female receptive posture, parallel position, male abdomen-bending, male attaching and copulatory position. Field experiments have shown that the refusal posture of mated females is released by odors from the male wings. In unfertilized females this behavior is inhibited by male odor signals. In SEM pictures of the androconial scales of dried specimen, holes and fissures in the upper scale lamella were found. Experiments with models indicate the existence of behavior-releasing odors from the female wings though the females lack scent scales comparable to those of the males. The female scents provoke the whole terminal sequence of the male courtship behavior when combined with a suitable visual object. The volatile material has been analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Wings of males were found to contain nonanal, hexadecyl acetate, and a cyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, tentatively identified as torreyol (δ-cadinol).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988581
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    Chemical communication in the mating behavior ofTrogoderma glabrum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 285-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; mating ; Trogoderma ; Dermestidae ; Coleoptera ; behavior ; airborne pheromone ; calling ; Trogoderma glabrum ; (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male mating behavior of the stored product pest beetleTrogoderma glabrum (Herbst) was analyzed into three major phases: arousal/searching, preliminary recognition, and genital (copulatory). Airborne pheromone released by calling females elicits male arousal via antennal sensillae. Contact chemoreception via male mouthpart sensillae appears to be necessary for copulation to occur. A procedure was developed for quantitative bioassay of presumptive pheromone compounds in both airborne and contact chemoreception. (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal, present in airborne pheromone, but not detectable in extracts of whole females, elicits both arousal and attempted copulation. The activity of (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal is equal to that of the total airborne pheromone. Activity of additional possible pheromone component candidates [including (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecen-1-ol, γ-caprolactone,n-hexanoic acid, and methyl (Z)-7-hexadecenoate] was investigated. Evidence for a behavioral role forn-hexanoic acid is presented.
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    (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadien-1-ol acetate sex attractant for the carpenterworm moth,prionoxystus robiniae (peck) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 399-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: carpenterworm moth ; Prionoxystus robiniae ; (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; pheromone ; electroantennogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram analyses of female gland extract and of male antennal responses to synthetic standards suggested that (Z,E)-3,5-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate is a pheromone component for the carpenterworm moth,Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck). The four 3,5-geometrical isomers were synthesized and bioassayed in the laboratory and the field in 1972, 1973, and 1974. TheZ,E isomer was found to be active in the laboratory and a good attractant in the field. The synthesis of theZ,E isomer also produced considerable quantities of theE,E isomer, which is difficult to remove completely. TheE,E isomer does not inhibit the response of males to theZ,E isomer when it is present in amounts up to 20% of theZ,E isomer. The addition of a keeper, a volatility modifier, or an antioxidant prolonged the activity of the attractant for as much as 43 days. (Z,E)-3,5-Tetradecadien-1-ol acetate may be a natural pheromone, but it has not been chemically defined from female extract. There is EAG evidence that a second pheromonal component may be present. The attractant nevertheless provides a tool for population survey, behavioral studies, evaluation of economic impact, and possibly control.
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  • 73
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    Improved synthesis ofendo-brevicomin for the control of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 83-86 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; synthesis ; endo-brevicomin ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; D. brevicomis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract endo-Brevicomin for testing as pheromone for the control of bark beetles was synthesized in experimental quantities fromtrans-3-hexen-1-ol. Methods used were adapted from procedures for synthesizing ew-brevicomin.
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  • 74
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    (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 721-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fall armyworm ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; secondary sex pheromone ; (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z)-9-Tetradecen-1-ol acetate [(Z)-9-TDA], identified originally as the sex pheromone of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), acted as a secondary sex pheromone when it was tested in sticky traps in field tests. Low-level synergism was obtained when 2 and 10% quantities of (Z)-9-TDA were added to 100 μg of (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate, which is now considered the primary sex pheromone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986556
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    Synthesis and field testing of 4,6,6-lineatin, the aggregation pheromone ofTrypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 681-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trypodendron lineatum ; 4,6,6-lineatin ; 3,3,7-trimethyl-2,9-dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.04,7]nonane ; pheromone ; attractant ; tricyclic acetal ; Scolytidae ; aggregation pheromone ; ambrosia beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Authentic 4,6,6-lineatin (3,3,7-trimethyl-2,9-dioxatricyclo-[3.3.1.04,7]nonane) (I) was produced in low yield via three synthetic pathways. In field tests, microgram amounts of the product from all three syntheses attracted large numbers ofTrypodendron lineatum of both sexes. These results confirm that 4,6,6-lineatin (I) is a population aggregation pheromone forT. lineatum.
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  • 76
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    Evidence for a sex pheromone in the hide beetle,Dermestes maculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 805-813 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dermestes maculatus ; Coleoptera ; Dermestidae ; pheromone ; behavior ; bioassay ; circadian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adults of the hide beetle,Dermestes maculatus (De Geer), were shown to have a female-produced sex pheromone which excited males. Male response was positively correlated with increasing age, but females produced a higher level of pheromone at 6–8 days of age than at younger or older ages. Extractable female pheromone and male response varied over the photophase with peak values that occurred during the latter hours. Quantitative bioassay indicated that the 50% male response level (RD50) would be elicited by a pheromone exposure of 0.01 female equivalents (FE). Females extracted 24 hr after mating had a lower level of extractable pheromone than did virgin females of the same age.
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  • 77
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    Variation in attraction of individual male gypsy moths to (+)- and (±)-disparlure (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 935-939 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lymantria dispar ; gypsy moth ; pheromone ; polymorphism ; disparlure ; enantiomer ; cis-7 ; 8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane ; attractant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gyspy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) males atttracted to either (+)-cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane [(+)-disparlure] or its racemate [(±)-disparlure] do not represent distinct behavioral classes of individuals. Males attracted to within 2 cm of either (+)- or (+-)-disparlure dispensers on a tree trunk were caught, marked as to the lure visited, and then released into a 5×5 grid at ca. 20-m spacing of traps baited alternately with (+)-or (±)-disparlure. Males then reattracted to these lures showed no evident preference for the lures at which they were first captured, indicating that males attracted to either of these lures are not behavioral phenotypes.
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    Sex pheromone communication in the nematode,Rhabditis pellio (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 467-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: nematode ; Rhabditis pellio ; pheromone ; quantitative bioassay ; daily rhythms ; age effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Both males and females ofRhabditis pellio release pheromones that attract the opposite sex prior to copulation. A quantitative bioassay for the female-produced pheromone was designed, based on male movement toward a pheromone source placed at one end of a 10-mm strip of bacterial material maintained on nutrient agar in a petri plate. Females produced pheromone from the age at which they attained the adult stage (∼3 days following hatching from the egg) and maintained a relatively constant production level until at least the ninth day of life. Similarly, males became responsive to the female pheromone by the third day and remained responsive through the ninth day, although the time required for the males to migrate toward a female pheromone source increased with increasing age. No daily rhythm of pheromone responsiveness by males or pheromone production by females was observed when the nematodes were conditioned to a 12∶12 h light-dark cycle.
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  • 79
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    Sex pheromone of the face fly,Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera: Muscidae) (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: face fly ; Musca autumnalis De Geer ; pheromone ; sex pheromone ; behavioral bioassay ; (Z)-14-nonacosene ; (Z)-13-nonacosene ; (Z)-13-heptacosene ; mating strike
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Components of a sex pheromone that cause male face flies to strike at females were found to be the straight-chain monoalkenes (Z)-14-nonacosene, (Z)-13-nonacosene, and (Z)-13-heptacosene. Although these compounds were found in the extracts of both sexes, extracts from sexually mature males contained a much higher proportion of nonacosane and heptacosane, which attenuated the activity of the active monoalkenes. The monoalkenes were readily synthesized by a Wittig reaction modified by the use of hexamethylphosphoric triamide as a cosolvent with tetrahydrofuran to produce a product containing 94–96% (Z) isomer.
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  • 80
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    Determination of the enantiomeric composition of several insect pheromone alcohols (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 307-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: pheromone ; Gnathotrichus sulcatus ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Dendroctonus frontalis ; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae ; Ips pini Idaho ; enantiomeric composition ; seudenol ; sulcatol ; trans-verbenol ; chiral shift reagents ; 4-methyl-3-heptonal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Details are given for the determination of the enantiomeric composition of several insect pheromone alcohols. The two methods used in the determination were: formation of the derivative with (+)-α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride and the use of chiral lanthanide shift reagents. The five alcohols studied and their enantiomeric compositions are: sulcatol fromGnathotrichus sulcatus 65∶35 (+)/(−),trans-verbenol fromDendroctonus frontalis 60∶40 (+)/(−), 4-methyl-3-heptanol fromScolytus multistriatus 100% (−), seudenol fromDendroctonus pseudotsugae 50∶50 (+)/(−), and ipsdienol fromIps pini (Idaho) 100% (−). Determinations were done on 50–500 μg substrate.
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  • 81
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    Potentiometric and visual titration of trivalent cerium with potassium permanganate (1976)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 364-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Cer(III) mit Permanganat ; Volumetrie ; potent., visuell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00531102
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    Titration of thiol groups with cupric ion (1976)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 367-367 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Thiolen ; Volumetrie ; Kupfer(II)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00531105
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  • 83
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    On the automatic sub-milligram determination of carbon and hydrogen. VIII (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 273 (1975), S. 109-111 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff in organ. Substanzen ; Volumetrie ; Proben von 30–300 μg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The carbon- and hydrogen determination in 0.2–2 mg of organic sample, in which an automated titrimetric finish and a conversion of water into carbon dioxide was employed, was made suitable for samples of 30–300 μg. No radical changes in the apparatus are necessary. The time of an analysis is about 15 min or less. The standard deviation calculated from 20 analyses of sucrose is for C and H 0.23% abs. and 0.17% abs., resp.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kohlenstoff- und Wasserstoffbestimmung in Proben von 0,2–2 mg, bei der die Verbrennungsprodukte Kohlendioxid und Wasser (nach Konversion in Kohlendioxid) titimetrisch bestimmt werden, wurde mit kleinen Abänderungen derselben Apparatur zur Bestimmung in Proben von 30–300 μg angepaßt. Die Analysendauer bleibt beschränkt auf 15 min oder weniger. Die Standardabweichung, errechnet aus 20 Analysen von Saccharose, beträgt ür C bzw. H 0,23% bzw. 0,17% abs.
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    Komplexometrische Cäsiumbestimmung als Cäsium-Magnesium-Hexacyanoferrat(II) (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 273 (1975), S. 288-288 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Cäsium als Cs-Mg-Cyanoferrat(II) ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    On the determination of traces of hydrazine by oxidation with potassium permanganate (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 29-29 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Hydrazin ; Volumetrie ; Oxidation mit KMnO4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440293
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    Complexometric determination of iron in marble and allied materials (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 30-30 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Eisen in Marmor ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Volumetric determination of mercaptans and xanthates with N-bromosuccinimide (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 126-126 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Mercaptanen, Xanthogenaten, Disulfiden, organ ; Volumetrie ; N-Bromsuccinimid als Reagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Tropolone as an extractive indicator in the EDTA titration of cobalt (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 304-304 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt mit Tropolon ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00424257
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    Note on the non-aqueous oxidimetric determination of some water insoluble metal xanthates and dithiocarbamates (1975)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 274 (1975), S. 383-383 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Xanthaten, Dithiocarbamaten ; Volumetrie ; oxidimetr., wasserunlösl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Note on the determination of traces of sodium nitrite by oxidation with potassium dichromate (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 204-204 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nitrit ; Volumetrie ; Oxidation mit Dichromat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Über die dilatometrisch indizierten Titrationen (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 275-279 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Bindung von Alkalien durch ÄDTA ; Volumetrie ; dilatometrischer Endpunkt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe dilatometrischer Titrationen wird der komplexe Einbau von Alkaliionen in das ÄDTA-Chelatsystem verfolgt. Die Auswertung der Titrationskurven erlaubt einerseits die Angabe der pK-Werte für die einzelnen Komplexe, andererseits die Berechnung des Hydrathüllenvolumens der Alkaliionen. Außerdem kann gezeigt werden, daß Li- und Na-Ionen, sofern sie sich im Überschuß befinden, mit ÄDTA Ionenpaare bilden.
    Notes: Abstract The incorporation of alkali ions into the EDTA chelate system is followed by the dilatometric titration method. Evaluation of the titration curves permits, on one hand, the determination of the pK values for the individual complexes and, on the other hand, it allows the calculation of the volume of hydration sphere. Moreover, it can be shown that Li and Na ions, so long they are present in excess, form ion pairs with EDTA.
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    Volumetric determination of thioureas and mercaptans with phenyl iodosoacetate (1975)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 275 (1975), S. 287-287 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Thioharnstoffen, Mercaptanen mit Phenyljodosoacetat ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Rapid complexometric method for the determination of Pb and Sn in “white metal” alloys (Pb-Sb-Sn) (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 279 (1976), S. 287-287 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Blei, Zinn in Wei\metall-Legierungen ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430881
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    Microdetermination of aromatic nitro compounds by reduction with iron(II) in alkaline medium (1976)
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 280 (1976), S. 30-30 
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    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Nitroverbindungen, aromat. ; Volumetrie ; Reduktion mit Fe(II)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443546
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    Komplexometrische Titrationen mit bifunktioneller ÄDTA/NaOH-Maßlösung und elektrochemischer Indikation mit der Glaselektrode (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 278 (1976), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Metallionen ; Volumetrie ; ÄDTA, alkalimetrische Methode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren konnte eine Weiterentwicklung der alkalimetrischen Methode bei komplexometrischen Bestimmungen erzielt werden, wobei nach einer Vorneutralisation mit nur einer Titration die Bestimmung ausgeführt werden kann. Durch die einfache und exakte Indikation mit der Glaselektrode, verbunden mit einer übersichtlichen Arbeitstechnik, ergibt sich eine weitgehend universelle Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens auf viele komplexometrische Bestimmungen. Die pH-Einstellung bei der Vorneutralisation ist unkritisch und belastet den Arbeitsgang kaum. Der Einfluß puffernder Substanzen kann durch gezielte Arbeitstechnik weitgehend unterdrückt werden. Die Methode wurde zur Bestimmung von Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg(II), Mg, Mn(II), Ni, Pb und Zn angewendet. Die relative Standardabweichung liegt zwischen ±0,2 und ±0,5%.
    Notes: Abstract The above mentioned procedure achieved a further development of the alkalimetric method in complexometric analysis, a determination being carried out after a preliminary neutralization with only one titration. With the help of the simple and exact indication by a glass electrode in connection with a clear manipulation a fairly universal applicability of the method for many complexometric analyses is attained. The preliminary neutralization is uncritical and does not complicate the work. The influence of buffering is to a great extend reduced by a special working technique. The method was used for the determination of Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg(II), Mg, Mn(II), Ni, Pb and Zn. The relative standard deviation is within the range of ±0.2 to 0.5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445815
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  • 96
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    Die Sicherheit der Ergebnisse im Falle von linearen physikalisch-chemischen Titrationskurven. Das Vertrauensintervall des Äquivalenzpunktes (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 45-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Volumetrie ; Äquivalenzvolumen, Äquivalenzpunkt, Sicherheitsintervall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443778
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  • 97
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    Simple volumetric analysis of Cu(II) with thioglycollic acid (1976)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 282 (1976), S. 217-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kupfer(II) mit Thioglykolsäure ; Volumetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564065
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  • 98
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    Oxazine dyes as new redox indicators in cerate oxidimetry (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 301-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Verw. von Oxazinfarbstoffen als Indicatoren ; Volumetrie ; Cerat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437552
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  • 99
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    Glyoxal-bis-(2-hydroxyanil) as indicator for complexometric titrations of cobalt(II), nickel(II), manganese(II) and silver(I) (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 284 (1977), S. 43-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Kobalt(II), Nickel(II), Mangan(II), Silber(I) mit ÄDTA ; Volumetrie ; Glyoxal-bis-(2-hydroxyanil) als Indicator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464035
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  • 100
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    Determination of sodium thiosulphate with N-bromosuccinimide using bordeaux red as indicator (1977)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 284 (1977), S. 43-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Natriumthiosulfat mit Bromsuccinimid ; Volumetrie ; Bordeauxrot als Indicator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464036
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