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  • Triticum aestivum  (158)
  • wheat  (144)
  • Springer  (253)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (253)
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  • Springer  (253)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Mayetiola destructor ; Cecidomyiidae ; oviposition ; host specificity ; wheat ; oats ; insect-plant interactions ; thresholds ; deprivation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les réactions de femelles préalablement accouplées de Mouches de Hesse ont été examinées en analysant le comportement de femelles isolées sur blé et sur avoine. Le répertoire comportemental de ces femelles comprenait: le vol, l'atterrissage sur feuille, la flexion du corps de sorte que l'extrémité de l'abdomen touchât la surface de la feuille, l'antennation, les mouvements de l'extrémité de l'abdomen sur la feuille à angle droit des nervures, le repos avec la tarière droite et encore dévaginée, le repos avec la tarière télescopée à l'intérieur du corps. Sur blé plus que sur avoine, les femelles après atterrissage ont présenté une fréquence plus élevée de passage de la flexion à l'antennation que de la flexion à l'abdomen droit. Durant les 5 premières minutes d'observation, les individus libérés dans des enceintes avec blé fléchirent et ‘antennèrent’ 2 à 3 fois plus que ceux libérés sur avoine. Les durées des différentes séquences différaient aussi: sur blé, pendant les 5 premières minutes, les femelles passèrent plus de 50% du temps à fléchir, tandis que sur avoine elles passèrent plus de 50% du temps en repos. Les femelles restèrent aussi plus longtemps sur les feuilles de blé et y pondirent 4 fois plus d'oeufs que sur avoine. Les femelles de M. destructor ont montré une plasticité du seuil d'acceptation. Pendant les premières heures de ponte, elles ont été très sélectives et refusèrent, ou ne pondirent que quelques oeufs sur avoine, mais acceptèrent volontiers le blé. La discrimination s'est poursuivie tant que les femelles ont eu accès au blé en même temps qu'à l'avoine. Cependant, quand les femelles ont été privées de blé pendant plusieures heures, l'acceptation de l'avoine a augmenté. Cet accroissement de l'acceptation a eu lieu à peu près au moment où les femelles sur blé pondaient leurs derniers oeufs.
    Notizen: Abstract Responses of mated female Hessian flies were investigated by analysing the behaviour of individual flies in wheat and oats. The behavioural repertoire of such females included: flying, alighting on leaves, arching of the body so that the tip of the abdomen touched the leaf surface, antennation, movements of the tip of the abdomen across the leaf at right angles to leaf veins, sitting with the ovipositor straight but still extended, and sitting with the ovipositor telescoped into the body. After alighting, females on wheat showed a higher frequency of transitions from arching to antennation and a lower frequency of transitions from arching to abdomen straight than females on oats. During the first 5 min of observations, individuals released into arenas with wheat arched and antennated 2–3 times more frequently than females released into oats. Time allotted to behaviours also differed; during the first 5 min, females in wheat spent 50 percent more time arching, whereas females in oats spent 50 percent more time sitting. Females in wheat also stayed longer and laid 4 times more eggs than females in oats. Temporal changes in egglaying were monitored by quantifying hourly rates of egglaying in no-choice assays for several hours following mating at 9:00 am. During the first and second hours post-mating, egglaying occurred infrequently. However, during the third hour post-mating (11:00 am to noon) females on wheat laid 5 times more eggs than females on oats. Rates of egglaying decreased on wheat but increased on oats during the fourth hour, and then during the fifth hour, decreased on both wheat and oats. Changes in egglaying responses were also evident when behaviours of individual females were measured 1–3 h vs. 3–7 h post-mating. Females deprived of host plants and released into wheat or oats later in the day showed higher frequencies of arching and antennation and laid more eggs before leaving the arena.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coccinella septempunctata ; Coccinellidae ; wheat ; egg laying ; larva ; adult ; vertical distribution ; Coccinella septempunctata ; Coccinellidae ; blé ; ponte ; larve ; adulte ; répartition spatiale
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary At the beginning of spring, post-hibernating adults of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Col., Coccinellidae), larvae and nymphs are found on the lower part of wheat plants. In June, adults born in the field as well as their progeny are dispersed all over the plant and a significant proportion of them is found on the apical parts of plants. Most of the egg clutches are layed on soil lumps, stones and small wild plants which represent preferential sites. Variations in coccinellid distribution may be influenced by climatic conditions, especially the temperature, by the thermophilic nature of this species and by the repartition of the three main aphid species on the plants. These results are relevant for the selection of a sampling methods.
    Notizen: Résumé Au début du printemps les adultes de Coccinella septempunctata L. (Col., Coccinellidae) issus des sites d'hivernation, les larves et les nymphes qui en proviennent, fréquentent le sol et les parties basses du blé. En juin, les adultes nés dans le champ et leur descendance sont dispersés sur toute la hauteur des talles bien qu'une fraction non négligeable de leur population se rencontre à l'extrémité supérieure. La plupart des pontes sont déposées sous les mottes de terre, les pierres et les petites adventices qui constituent des sites privilégiés. Ces variations de la distribution de cette coccinelle peuvent être mises en relation avec le climat, en particulier la température, avec la thermophilie de cette espèce et avec la répartition sur les différentes parties des talles des 3 espèces de puceron qui se succèdent au cours de la saison. Ces observations sont importantes à considérer lors du choix ou de la mise au point d'une méthode d'échantillonnage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat ; Paddy straw compost ; N and P enrichment ; Rock phosphate ; Pyrite ; Triticum aestivum ; Nutrient uptake
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A nutrient-rich compost from paddy straw was prepared using urea and Mussoorie rock phosphate for N and P enrichment respectively. Inorganic N was partly conserved in the compost by the addition of pyrite. Citric-acid-soluble P also increased with the addition of pyrite. Compost containing about 1.6% total N and 3.3% total P was found to be a good source of P for a wheat crop and also supplied a significant amount of N to the plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Phosphorus ; lupin ; chickpea ; wheat ; nodulation ; dry matter production
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine the comparative growth and P uptake response following P fertilizer application in lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Chittick) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum cv. Tyson) compared to wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sunstar). Measurements of dry matter, phosphorus uptake and nodule numbers were made at 50 and 100 days after sowing. At the 50 day harvest, the two legume crops produced less dry matter and accumulated less plant P than wheat but no such species interactions were present at the 100 day harvest. Chickpeas showed strong positive responses in nodule numbers with increasing rates of P fertilizer while such effects were less and more variable with lupins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 20 (1989), S. 27-32 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Cropping system ; phosphorus ; rice ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A long term field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil from 1983 to 1987 to determine how to best apply phosphorus fertilizer in a rice-wheat cropping system. The treatments included 9 combinations of phosphorus application either to both rice and wheat or to rice or wheat alone. Direct application of phosphorus at 13 kg/ha to both the crops resulted in significantly higher total productivity of the rice-wheat cropping system as compared with 26 kg P/ha applied either to rice or wheat alone. Phosphorus at 13 kg/ha for rice and 26 kg/ha for wheat was as efficient as 13 kg P/ha for rice and 13 kg P/ha for wheat. The higher rate of P (26 kg/ha) applied to both rice and wheat resulted a decline in the total productivity. The residual effects of phosphorus applied to either rice or wheat were significant to the succeeding crop but was inferior to its direct application. Phosphorus increased the leaf area index, chlorophyll content of leaves, and interception of more photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) which resulted in increased grain yield of rice and wheat. Phosphorus status of the surface soil declined markedly, in the absence of P application from 15.4 to 6.4 kg P/ha. Phosphorus applied at 26 kg P/ha to both the crops resulted a build up of the available P status of soil. Phosphorus application at 13 kg/ha to both rice and wheat maintained the phosphorus status of the soil at original level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 20 (1989), S. 59-66 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonia volatilization ; nitrogen leaching ; denitrification ; time of N application ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticale ; irrigation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Grain yield, nitrogen (N) assimilation, ammonia (NH3) volatilization, denitrification and fertilizer N distribution were examined in three commercially grown cereal crops; two were sown into conventionally tilled fields, while the third was direct drilled into an untilled field. The crops were top dressed with urea at establishment, tillering or ear initiation. Crop yield and N assimilation were measured in 16 m by 2.5 m plots receiving 0, 35, 70, 105, 140 or 175 kg N ha−1. A mass balance micrometeorological technique was used to measure NH3 volatilization, and other fertilizer N transformations and transfers were studied using15N labelled urea in microplots. On the conventionally tilled sites application of urea increased the grain yield of wheat from 3.9 to 5.5 t ha−1, when averaged over the five application rates, three application times and two sites. There were no site or application time effects. However, on the direct drilled site, time of application had a significant effect on grain yield. When urea was applied at establishment, grain yield was not significantly increased and the mean yield (2.81 t ha−1) was less than that obtained from treatments fertilized at tillering or ear initiation (4.09 and 4.0 t ha−1, respectively). Much of the variation in grain yield at the no-till site could be ascribed to differences in NH3 volatilization. At the no-till site, NH3 losses were equivalent to 24, 12 and 1% of the N applied at establishment, tillering and ear initiation, respectively. Negligible volatilization of NH3 occurred at the other sites. The surface soil at the no-till site had the highest urease activity and the soil was covered with alkaline ash resulting from stubble burning. Plant recovery of fertilizer N did not vary with application time on conventionally tilled sites (mean 62%). However, plant recovery of15N applied to the no-till site at establishment (35% of the applied N) was significantly less than that from plots where the application was delayed (45% at tillering and 55% at ear initiation, respectively). Leaching of N to below 300 mm depth was minimal (0 to 5% of the applied N). The calculated denitrification losses ranged from 1% to 14% of the applied N. The results show that the relative importance of NH3 volatilization, leaching and denitrification varied with site and fertilization time. The importance of the various N loss mechanisms needs to be taken into account when N fertilization strategies are being developed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Pollen development ; Triticum aestivum ; RH0007
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A study of pollen development in wheat was made using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microspores contain undifferentiated plastids and mitochondria that are dividing. Vacuolation occurs, probably due to the coalescence of small vacuoles budded off the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As the pollen grain is formed and matures, the ER becomes distended with deposits of granular storage material. Mitochondria proliferate and become filled with cristae. Similarly, plastids divide and accumulate starch. The exine wall is deposited at a rapid rate throughout development, and the precursors appear to be synthesized in the tapetum. Tapetal cells become binucleate during the meiosis stage, and Ubisch bodies form on the plasma membrane surface that faces the locule. Tapetal plastids become surrounded by an electron-translucent halo. Rough ER is associated with the halo around the plastids and with the plasma membrane. We hypothesize that the sporopollenin precursors for both the Ubisch bodies and exine pollen wall are synthesized in the tapetal plastids and are transported to the tapetal cell surface via the ER. The microspore plastids appear to be involved in activities other than precursor synthesis: plastid proliferation in young microspores, and starch synthesis later in development. Plants treated with the chemical hybridizing agent RH0007 show a pattern of development similar to that shown by untreated control plants through the meiosis stage. In the young microspore stage the exine wall is deposited irregularly and is thinner than that of control plants. In many cases the microspores are seen to have wavy contours. With the onset of vacuolation, microspores become plasmolyzed and abort. The tapetal cells in RH0007-treated locules divide normally through the meiosis stage. Less sporopollenin is deposited in the Ubisch bodies, and the pattern is less regular than that of the control. In many cases, the tapetal cells expand into the locule. At the base of one of the locules treated with a dosage of RH0007 that causes 95% male sterility, several microspores survived and developed into pollen grains that were sterile. The conditions at the base of the locule may have reduced the osmotic stress on the microspores, allowing them to survive. Preliminary work showed that the extractable quantity of carotenoids in RHOOO7-treated anthers was slightly greater than in controls. We concluded that RH0007 appears to interfere with the polymerization of carotenoid precursors into the exine wall and Ubisch bodies, rather than interfering with the synthesis of the precursors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chloroplast DNA ; cytochrome b-559 ; photosystem II ; psbL ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The N-terminal amino acid sequence of a 3.2 kDa photosystem II polypeptide is shown to be identical to that of a polypeptide encoded by an open reading frame of 38 codons (orf38) in wheat chloroplast DNA. Orf38 is located just downstream of the psbE and psbF genes for the polypeptides of cytochrome b-559. Analysis of the transcription of this region of chloroplast DNA shows that psbE, psbF and orf38 are co-transcribed to give a 1.1 kb polycistronic transcript which also contains another open reading frame of 40 codons. The orf38 and orf40 products are hydrophobic polypeptides which are both predicted to span the thylakoid membrane once. Orf38 and orf40 are highly conserved, and map to similar locations adjacent to psbE and psbF, in all organisms from which this region of DNA has been sequenced. We propose that orf38 is named psbL.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase ; cDNAs ; gene organisation ; polypeptides ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA clone (WL : AGA.1) encoding wheat leaf ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase has been isolated from a λgt11 expression library, by immunological screening with anti-spinach leaf ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase serum. The WL : AGA.1 cDNA is 948 bp long and contains approximately 55% of the complete wheat leaf ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase mRNA sequence, estimated from Northern blot experiments. A wheat endosperm cDNA library was subsequently constructed in λgt11 and six clones hybridising to the cDNA insert of clone WL : AGA.1 were isolated. The longest of these wheat endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNAs, clone WE : AGA.7, is nearly full-length (1798 bp), indicated by Northern blot analysis of wheat endosperm mRNA and nucleotide sequence analysis. Southern hybridisation analysis and restriction enzyme mapping indicated that the wheat leaf and wheat endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNAs and genes are members of two distinct gene families. In addition, restriction enzyme mapping revealed polymorphism in the wheat endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNAs, indicating the existence of at least two wheat endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene sub-families. Subsequent nucleotide sequence analysis indicates that there is approximately 55% identity between wheat leaf and wheat endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNAs. In contrast, members of each sub-family of endosperm cDNA, represented by clones WE : AGA.3 and WE : AGA.7, are 96% identical.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): aleurone ; barley ; protoplasts ; transient expression ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Methods have been developed for the isolation of aleurone protoplasts from developing caryopses of Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum in order to study transient expression of introduced genes. Chimaeric gene constructs were introduced into aleurone protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Transient expression directed by the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) was detected in aleurone protoplasts from developing barley and wheat grains. Using a similar construct, CAT activity increased when the alcohol dehydrogenase intron 1 fragment from maize was ligated between the 35S promoter and the CAT coding region. The demonstration of transient expression in protoplasts from developing aleurone layers indicates that they may be useful for investigating tissue and developmental control of genes coding for cereal seed proteins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 395-397 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): F1F0 ATPase ; chloroplast coupling factor ; mitochondrial gene ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 728-734 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Esterases ; Genetic variability ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Genetic variability of endosperm esterase has been studied in 42 cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. 2n=6x=42. Different techniques, including sequential electrophoresis and electrofocusing, have been used with various substrates and esterase inhibitors. The electrophoretic patterns in each cultivar are described. Chromosomal location using the nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines of Chinese Spring was carried out in order to relate and/or locate the esterase genes to specific chromosomes. Most of the esterase isozymes located were in the long arm of the chromosomes of the homoeology group 3; but we have found six located in the short arms, five of them in the chromosome 3AS and one in the 3DS. This location increases the number of esterase genes described, because no esterase genes had been described so far in short arms of chromosomes of the homoeology group 3. The genetic control is discussed and, according to our results, between 12 and 15 loci, organized in five “compound loci”, control the endosperm esterases in wheat. Also one “modifier” gene modifying the mobility of two esterase bands and present in all the cultivars studied is postulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 873-878 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Heat shock proteins ; 2D electrophoresis ; Triticum aestivum ; Gene location ; Gene regulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The low molecular weight heat shock protein (HSP) profiles of the hexaploid wheat cultivar “Chinese Spring” and its ditelosomic series were characterized by isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of denatured in vivo radiolabeled proteins. Comparisons of the ditelosomics (DTs) to the euploid “Chinese Spring” enabled the assignment of genes controlling 9 of the 13 targeted HSPs to seven chromosome arms. There did not appear to be a genome-specific action in the regulation of expression of these HSPs. There did appear to be a higher frequency of controlling genes within homoeologous DT lines 3, 4 and 7. Significant variation in protein quantity was evident among the DT lines for some HSPs, while other HSPs were remarkably stable in their expression across all DTs examined. The results are useful in identifying specific DT lines for the investigation of HSP functions in hexaploid wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 162-168 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Agropyron ; (Elytrigia, Thinopyrum) ; Intergeneric hybridization ; Crossability ; Wide crosses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Intergeneric hybrids between Triticum aestivum L. and conventional rhizomatous Agropyron species were produced in variable frequencies. They were recovered in high percentage frequencies for T. aestivum cultivars with A. acutum (14.6%), A. intermedium (48.0%), A. pulcherrimum (53.3%), and A. trichophorum (46.6%). The crossability percentages with the highly crossable cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ for these Agropyron species accessions were 33.12%, 65.0%, 53.3%, and 65.4%, respectively. Autosyndetic associations of two of their three genomes gave mean meiotic chromosome association data of 17.0 I (univalents) +1.53 II (ring bivalents) + 7.04 II (rod bivalents) +1.43 III (trivalents) +0.05 IV (quadrivalents) +0.01 IV (pentavalents) for A. acutum and of 21.8 I + 1.56 II (rings) +7.22 II (rods) +0.84 III + 0.04 IV for A. intermedium. Chromosome pairing at metaphase I was comparatively lower for A. pulcherrimum (34.4 I + 0.2 II (rings) +3.4 II (rods) +0.14 III) and A. trichophorum (36.7 I + 0.35 II (rings) +2.26 II (rods) + 0.04 III) hybrids with T. aestivum. Hybrids of wheat with A. campestre and A. repens were obtained in low frequency. Direct crossing did not permit T. aestivum/ A. desertorum hybridization. However, by utilizing the 2n=10x=70 A. repens/A. desertorum amphiploid as the pollen source, hybridization with T. aestivum did indeed occur. Aneuploidy was prevalent in this hybrid combination while all other hybrid combinations were apparently normal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Puccinia recondita ; Adult plant resistance ; Resistance genes ; Durable resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Wheat genotypes, including backcross derivatives of ‘Thatcher’ carrying Lr10 and Lr23, substitution lines for Lr10 and Lr23 in Chinese Spring background and Chinese Spring and Thatcher were analysed against 21 pathotypes of leaf rust in seedling tests. Adult plant responses in all these stocks were observed in the field nurseries under exposure to the inoculum of the Indian virulent races of leaf rust. The seedling data demonstrated that both the substitution lines and the backcross derivatives for each gene carry identical pattern of infection for resistance. The high level of adult plant resistance in the substitution lines, in contrast to the backcross derivatives in Thatcher, has been postulated to be due to the combination of resistance contributed by Lr10 and adult plant Chinese Spring resistance or to Lr23 and Chinese Spring adult plant resistance. It has been suggested that genes Lr10 and Lr23 added to the Chinese Spring background provide sources for durable resistance, since Chinese Spring has continued to provide a moderate level of adult plant resistance to leaf rust for a very long time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 521-524 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; SCEs ; Auxin ; Cytokinin ; Tissue culture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In order to know the mutagenic effects of synthetic auxins (NAA, 2,4-D, and 2,4,5-T) and a cytokinin (kinetin) in vitro, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were analyzed in cultured cells of a hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D, the mean number of SCEs per cell was 15.2, and per pg of DNA, 0.42. No significant effect was found in the treatments of NAA or 2,4-D at concentrations of 0.5–10.0 mg/l, whereas more than 2.0 mg/l of 2,4,5-T induced dramatic increases of SCEs. Kinetin itself had no significant effect on SCE induction, but there was a tendency that SCEs induced by 2,4,5-T were suppressed by kinetin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 78 (1989), S. 625-632 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Tissue culture ; Callus ; Monosomic analysis ; Regeneration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The ability of immature embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to respond in cell culture was examined in crosses between the ‘Wichita’ monosomic series and a highly regenerable line, ‘ND7532’. Segregation in disomic controls and 13 monosomic families showed a good fit to a monogenic ratio indicating a qualitative mode of inheritance. Segregation in the cross involving monosomic 2D showed a high frequency of regeneration (93.6%) and high callus growth rate (1.87 g/90 days) indicating that 2D is a critical chromosome. Modifying genes may be located on other chromosomes. Substitution of chromosomes from a low regenerable cultivar ‘Vona’ further indicated that the group 2 chromosomes, in particular chromosome 2D, possess genetic factors promoting callus growth and regeneration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 152 (1989), S. 14-21 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Differentiation ; Heterochronic lysis ; Polarity ; Root protophloem sieve elements ; Triticum aestivum ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Developing protophloem sieve elements in roots of wheat are arranged in single vertical files. In the last immature differentiating sieve element bearing ribosomes the proximal end of the cytoplasm displays a diluted appearance in contrast to the distal end where the cytoplasm exhibits a considerably increased electron density. Differences can also be observed in ribosome quantity, organelle ultrastructure and the time of initiation of cell component degradation, those at the proximal end disorganizing first, suggesting a nonsimultaneous disorganization of the cell components in the two areas. This phenomenon, termedheterochronic lysis, is presumably an expression of an existing polarity not detectable in younger stages, but it might also be the result of an asynchronous enzymatic activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 120 (1989), S. 125-131 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): canola ; fallow ; N mineralization ; N immobilization ; organic matter ; rhizosphere ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the influence of cropping variables on nitrogen dynamics in a soil amended with green manure. Surface soil from various long-term spring wheat rotations was amended with15N-labelled legume green manure (Lathyrus tingitanus) and subsequently cropped (canola [Brassica napus] and spring wheat [Triticum aestivum]) or incubated without a crop for 56 days in a greenhouse. Nitrogen mineralization from both the indigenous soil N and from green manure was suppressed in cropped soil. Net N mineralization in the uncropped and cropped treatments averaged 73 and 43 mg kg−1, respectively. This difference was attributed, in part, to enhanced biological immobilization in the rhizosphere. Previous cropping practices also had significant effect on N mineralization, largely by their influence on indigenous organic matter quality. These observations suggest that short-term N mineralization is favored by fallowing soil after green manure application whereas N retention in organic matter is favored by immediate cropping.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): characterization ; deleterious rhizobacteria ; inhibitory bacteria ; pseudomonads ; toxin ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A toxin produced by a deleterious rhizobacterial pseudomonad that inhibits both winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root andEscherichia coli growth was characterized. The toxin was rapidly deactivated at pH 2 and 12 and by autoclaving (121°C, 15 minutes). Less toxin was destroyed as the temperature and time of exposure decreased, and at 40°C it was stable for at least 24 hours. The toxin was extremely polar and could not be extracted from culture filtrates with organic solvents. The compound eluted after the void volume from a Sephadex G-10 column indicating a molecular weight of less than 700. The toxin adsorbed to Dowex 50W strong cation exchange resin and eluted with 2M NH4OH. Numerous thin layer chromatography solvent systems were unsuccessful at purifying the toxin. The partially purified toxin inhibited several different microorganisms while the producing strains were resistant. The toxin appears unique to toxins produced by recognized plant pathogenic bacteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 119 (1989), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): copper sources ; grain yield ; methods of application ; park wheat ; stem melanosis ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Park wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Park) is susceptible to stem melanosis when grown on Cu-deficient soils. Three field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various Cu sources, using different methods and rates of application for reducing the incidence of stem melanosis and increasing the grain yield of Park wheat on a Cu-deficient Black Chernozemic soil in central Alberta. A fourth experiment determined the residual effect of Cu over 4 years. In the first experiment, Park wheat had less disease and higher grain yield when Cu-chelate solution at 2 and 4 kg Cu ha−1 or Cu-sulfate solution at 10 and 20 kg Cu ha−1 was applied to the soil surface and incorporated to a depth of 8 cm or was applied at these rates as a foliar spray. The foliar application, however, was phytotoxic and delayed maturity by approximately two weeks. Sidebanding Cu (4 cm to the side and 4 cm below the seed row) was least effective. In the second experiment, Cu-sulfate solution incorporated into the soil was more effective than the soil incorporated granular Cu-sulfate in reducing disease incidence and increasing grain yield in the year of application. In the following year the granular Cu was as effective as solution Cu. The third experiment showed that Cu seed dressings did not have any effect on disease incidence or grain yield of Park wheat. In the fourth experiment, the residual effect of Cu-chelate was evident four years after application. The grain yield in the fourth year was about four times that of the control.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; near-isogenic lines ; phenotypic similarity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The degree of phenotypic similarity of Centana and its near-isogenic lines (NILs) has been investigated. Some NILs have a disease reaction, a gliadin pattern and a yield level which differs from Centana. This means that they still possess many donor genes. One of the NILs, Shortana, must be a derivative of a backcross line crossed with an unknown genotype resulting in a good yielding variety.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 259-264 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum turgidum durum ; durum wheat ; pentaploid hybrids ; homoeologous pairing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The meiotic behavior of 22Triticum turgidum durum × Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring (2n=35 chromosomes, AABBD genomes) F1 hybrids has been analyzed and compared with that of the same cultivars hybridized withT. turgidum durum cv. Senatore Capelli. The multivalent associations observed in the hybrids may be attributed to a large extent to homoeologous pairing. Our study shows that not all the chromosomes of the D genome have the same affinity with their homoeologues of the A or B genomes. We have also concluded that there is no correlation between the percentage of the cells with multivalent associations and the mean of chiasmata per cell (attached arm).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 41 (1989), S. 235-246 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; landrace groups ; classification ; primary landrace ; secondary landrace ; Austria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Using 49 morphological characteristics sixty-six accessions originating from 15 populations of bread wheat, together with 8 selections from landraces and 5 improved varieties were classified in five groups: group 1: Alpiner Bartwizen (including Hausbergweizen), Attergauer Bartweizen, which are marked by awned white ears; group 2: Awned Sipbachzeller (and its selection Otterbacher Bartweizen) and marked by awned red ears. This group also includes some awned derivatives of hybrids between group 1 and group 3; group 3: Sipbachzeller wheat, including Innviertler wheat and the selections Ritzlhofer Alt, Achleitner and Wieselburger roter Kolben; group 4: Tassilo and Tassilo-variants, and group 5: Dickkopf (Squarehead) types with lax ear, probably being derivatives of hybrids between group 3 and Dickkopf types. Most populations were contaminated with foreign material. The contamination may have been caused by the farmer who actually mixed varieties, or may have originated on the farmer's field.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 42 (1989), S. 41-44 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; frost resistance ; locus Fr1 ; recombinant lines ; chromosome 5A
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary A gene for frost resistance on chromosome 5A of wheat was located using single chromosome recombinant lines from the cross between the substitution line Hobbit (Triticum spelta 5A) and Hobbit. In this sample of recombinant lines the locus for frost resistance, designated Fr1, is completely linked to the locus Vrn1 controlling vernalisation requirement. The results can be explained by a pleiotropic action of the Vrn1 locus or close genetic linkage between Vrn1 and Fr1. Further detailed study is necessary to resolve these alternative hypotheses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; dwarfing genes ; drought stress ; yield ; yield components
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Near-isogenic tall (no dwarfing gene), semidwarf (Rht1 or Rht2) and dwarf (Rht1 + Rht2 or Rht3) spring wheat lines were evaluated for yield and yield components under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Under irrigated conditions, the dwarf and the semidwarf lines exhibited a significant yield advantage over the tall lines. Under rainfed conditions, the semidwarf lines outyielded the tall as well as the dwarf lines. Percent yield reduction in response to drought stress was highest with the dwarfs and lowest with the tall lines. Dry matter production of the tall lines and that of the semidwarf lines did not differ significantly and both produced significantly more dry matter than the dwarf lines under irrigated as well as rainfed conditions. Plant height and kernel weight decreased with increasing degree of dwarfness while number of kernels per spikelet, harvest index and days to heading increased under both moisture regimes. The dwarfing genes did not have any significant influence on number of tillers/m2 and spikelets per spike in either moisture regime.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 41-45 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; chromosome substitution ; frost resistance ; hardening
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The highly frost resistant wheat variety Cheyenne (donor) and the poorly frost resistant variety Chinese Spring (recipient) were frozen at −9° C and −11° C at various stages of hardening, as were a number of substitution lines of these two varieties (CS/Ch 3A, CS/Ch 5A, CS/Ch 7A, CS/Ch 2B, CS/Ch 4B, CS/Ch 5B, CS/Ch 4D, CS/Ch 5D). Chromosomes 5A, 5B, 5D, 4B and 7A of Cheyenne increased the frost resistance of the recipient variety to varying extents. However, the frost resistance changed not only as a function of the different chromosomes, but also as a function of the duration of hardening, indicating that genes responsible for frost resistance are expressed differently during different phases of the hardening process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat germplasm ; collection ; yield components ; drought response ; canopy temperature ; osmotic adjustment ; phenology ; Israel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Diverse landraces of wheat, collected from the semi-arid (150 to 250 mm of total annual rainfall) Northern Negev desert in Israel were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. These materials were therefore evaluated for their reponses to drought stress in agronomical and physiological terms. Up to 68 landraces, comprising of Triticum durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum were tested in two field drought environments, in one favourable field environment, under post-anthesis chemical plant desiccation which revealed the capacity for grain filling from mobilized stem reserves, under a controlled drought stress in a rainout shelter and in the growth chamber under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Biomass, grain yield and its components, harvest index, plant phenology, canopy temperatures, kernel weight loss by chemical plant desiccation, growth reduction by PEG-induced drought stress and osmotic adjustment were evaluated in the various experiments. Landraces varied significantly for all parameters of drought response as measured in the different experiments, which was in accordance to their documented large morphological diversity. Variation in grain yield among landraces under an increasing drought stress after tillering was largely affected by spike number per unit area. Kernel weight contributed very little to yield variation among landraces under stress, probably because these tall (average of 131 cm) landraces generally excelled in their capacity to support kernel growth by stem reserve mobilization under stress. Yield under stress was reduced with a longer growth duration of landraces only under early planting but not under late planting. Landraces were generally late flowering but they were still considered well adapted phenologically to their native region where they were always planted late. Landraces differed significantly in canopy temperature under drought stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was negatively correlated across landraces with grain yield (r=0.67**) and biomass (r=0.64**) under stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was also positively correlated across landraces (r=0.50**) with canopy temperature in one stress field environment. Osmotic adjustment in PEG-stressed plants was negatively correlated (r=−0.60**) with percent growth reduction by PEG-induced water stress. It was not correlated with yield under stress in any of the experiments. In terms of yield under stress, canopy temperatures and stem reserve utilization for grain filling, the most drought resistant landrace was the ‘Juljuli’ population of T.durum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 65-72 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust resistance ; alien gene transfers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Nine transfers of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm.) resistance to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Agropyron elongatum Host. Beauv., Triticum speltoides Tausch and rye (Secale cereale L.) were backcrossed up to 10 times to commercial wheat cultivars. The objective was to study the effect of the transfers on agronomic and quality characters and to make them available in desirable genetic backgrounds. The results varied greatly for different transfers. In four cases no promising material was obtained even after nine backcrosses. However, for the remaining five transfers material with potential as a new cultivar was obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici ; wheat leaf rust ; partial resistance ; latency period ; gene action ; oligogenic inheritance ; transgressive segregation ; number of genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Crosses were made between the highly susceptible Little Club and the partially resistant cultivars Westphal 12A, Akabozu and BH 1146 to obtain F1, F2 and backcross generations. Latency period (LP) was determined in plants inoculated at the young flag leaf stage with a monospore culture of race ‘Flamingo’ of wheat leaf rust. Broad sense heritability of LP in the F2 averaged 0.8. The genes showed partial to almost complete recessive inheritance. Scaling tests indicated that additive gene action was the most important factor in the inheritance of partial resistance. The tests showed that there were no indications for additive x additive, additive x dominance or dominance x dominance interactions. The number of effective factors was estimated as one or two for Akabozu, three or more for Westphal 12A, and two or three for BH 1146. BH 1146 also possessed a (semi-)dominant gene for a lower infection type which was temperature sensitive in its expression. The genes of the various parents had unequal effect on LP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici ; wheat leaf rust ; partial resistance ; latency period ; oligogenic inheritance ; transgressive segregation ; number of genes ; heritability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Three partially resistant spring wheat cultivars, with a long latency period were crossed among each other and with the highly susceptible Little Club, with a very short latency period. Parents, F3 and F5 plants have been inoculated with the leaf rust race Flamingo in the young flag leaf stage to determine the latency period. From the crosses with Little Club, it was concluded that Westphal 12A carries three, Akabozu two and BH 1146 two or three genes for a longer latency period. BH 1146 appears to carry also one hypersensitive resistance gene. Transgressive segregation occurred in crosses between partially resistant cultivars. From crosses between the partially resistant cultivars, it was concluded that the genes in Akabozu and Westphal 12A are different, while those in Akabozu and BH 1146 are at least partly different. The possibilities of accumulation of LP-prolonging genes are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; anther culture ; callus initiation ; cytoplasm ; cytoplasmic male sterility
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Nuclear and cytoplasmic factors affect tissue culture response in wheat (Triticum aestivum), and cytoplasmic male sterility may enhance callus initiation in anther culture. Three wheat nuclear genotypes, each in normal and two alien cytoplasms conferring cytoplasmic male sterility, were evaluated for callus initiation frequency in anther culture. Nuclear genotype had the greatest effect on callus initiation, but cytoplasm and nucleus X cytoplasm interaction also produced significant effects. The nuclear genotype of ‘Chris’ outperformed ‘Butte’ and ‘Coteau’ in all cytoplasms. Ordinary wheat and Triticum timopheevi cytoplasms outperformed Aegilops speltoides cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic male sterility did not increase callus initiation. This suggests manipulating the nuclear genotype is the best strategy for improving the capacity of wheat to initiate callus in anther culture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 120 (1989), S. 273-282 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): aluminum toxicity ; biological tests ; calcium deficiency ; root growth ; sorghum ; subsurface soils ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Two relatively simple procedures based on 4-day seedling growth were developed for identifying soil calcium (Ca) deficiency and/or aluminum (Al) toxicity. Test A uses any large-seeded cultivar that a farmer might consider planting and reveals whether the cultivar will suffer from Ca deficiency by comparing root growth in untreated soil to that in soil receiving a minimal Ca addition (0.1 meq.100mL−1 soil), sufficient to eliminate possible deficiency. Al toxicity is detected by comparing root growth in a sample receiving the minimal Ca treatment with growth in the soil treated with enough lime to neutralize exchangeable Al. In test B, potential Al toxicity problems are detected for any widely-grown standard crop by comparing its growth with that of a different, Al-tolerant variety on soil samples receiving 0.1 meq.100mL−1 Ca. With this test Ca deficiency in the untreated sample is detected by an increase in root growth of the Al-tolerant variety resulting from a small addition of Ca. The tests agreed with diagnoses made by standard chemical methods in about 84% of the cases examined. The proposed tests can be carried out using simple, easily-available materials without the necessity of sending soils to an analytical laboratory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 103-109 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; triticale ; wheat-triticale hybrids ; Secale cereale ; rye ; Gaeumannomyces graminis ; take-all ; resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Fifteen triticale and wheat-triticale hybrid lines were evaluated for resistance to the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and compared with five wheat and two rye lines in inoculated field and pot trials. The triticale and wheat-triticale hybrid lines varied in rye chromosome number and degree of resistance expressed. One line, Venus with seven pairs of rye chromosomes consistently showed levels of resistance intermediate between wheat and rye. A trend was observed where increasing rye chromosome content led to greater resistance but exceptions showed that variation within triticales could not be ascribed to rye chromosome content alone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; gliadins ; electrophoresis ; cultivar identification ; breeding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The process of the separation of gliadin proteins of wheat, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was studied in detail. It was shown that electrophoresis is a dynamic process during which the pH of the gel changes together with the potassium ion concentration. The most positive effect on the separation of the gliadins was generated by a moving front, which is a boundary between regions with a low concentration of K+ ions and a low pH, and region with a high concentration of K+ ions and a high pH, after optimization of the concentrations of the cations and anions in the electrode solutions. The finding was exploited for the development of an extremely simple electrophoresis system, in which buffers were not needed for obtaining a high resolution. The system was further improved by applying a stacking gel. The advantages of this system are discussed. This new approach may be useful for improving electrophoresis systems for other applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 53-57 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; gibberellic acid insensitivity ; identification of dwarfing genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary GA-insensitive Rht genes of 18 Japanese modern varieties and landraces were identified. Out of 12 modern varieties tested 6 carried only Rht1, and the other 6 carried only Rht2. No varieties carried both Rht1 and Rht2 or Rht3. The geographical distribution of the Rht genotypes in the Japanese modern varieties was clearly localized. All 6 landraces tested carried only Rht2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Scalavatis bread wheat ; durum-like hexaploid wheat ; contamination ; variation ; groups ; cluster analysis ; relationship ; Cyprus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The mutual resemblance of 81 hexaploid wheat plants contaminating durum fields on Cyprus was investigated by determining their phenotypes of gliadins, glutenins and peroxidase. Three groups were generated by clustering programs. Group 1 consists of plants with ears resembling those of durum plants, plants of groups 2 and 3 have a bread wheat appearance. Suggestions on the origin of these three groups are made. Group 1 may derive from (back)crosses between hexaploid and durum plants since time immemorial. If so, the hexaploid plants would have served as ‘donor’ of the D genomes, and durum plants as the ‘recurrent parent’. Groups 2 and 3 may derive from two introductions, either from two countries, or from the same country, but then in different periods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): alloplasmic line ; breeding ; chromosome ; eyespot resistance ; substitution line ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The variety Roazon possesses genes for resistance to eyespot including that on the 7D chromosome transferred from Aegilops ventricosa. In order to assess the level of resistance due to the latter, we developed the intervarietal substitution for the 7D chromosome of ‘Roazon’ into ‘Courtot’ which is very susceptible to eyespot. As ‘Roazon’ contains Aegilops ventricosa cytoplasm, the substitution lines were produced both with wheat and Aegilops cytoplasm. Resistance was assessed at the seedling and the adult plant stage. No cytoplasmic effect was observed. The substitution lines were as resistant as ‘Roazon’. This shows that the chromosome 7D genes for resistance introduced from Aegilops ventricosa result in a high level of resistance in wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 143-150 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum ; environmental correlations ; grain yield ; plant height ; tiller number ; grain size
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Environmental correlation coefficients were computed among all pairs of five traits, namely grain yield, heading date, number of tillers per m2, plant height and 1000-grain weight (grain size) using 30 Triticum durum and 30 Triticum aestivum varieties grown in 18 environments. Grain yield was significantly correlated with the other four traits in almost all of the varieties. The mean correlation coefficient over all varieties ranged from 0.58 to −0.83 for durum wheat and 0.66 to 0.88 for aestivum wheat. The correlation coefficients between heading date and the other traits were also significant, ranging from −0.45 to −0.79 in durum wheat and −0.61 to −0.85 in aestivum wheat. The correlation coefficient between number of tillers with plant height and 1000-grain weight were the smallest, 0.19−0.32 in durum wheat and 0.39−0.60 in aestivum wheat. It was concluded that agronomic practices favouring early and good stand establishment in the dry regions will favour the yield components and important adaptive traits, which contribute towards larger yields. Significant differences were found among genotypes in the environmental correlation coefficients and the associated changes in one trait as a result of changes in other traits.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 187-195 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici ; wheat leaf rust ; partial resistance ; latency period ; infection frequency ; urediosorus size ; growth stage ; component analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Latency period (LP), infection frequency (IF) and urediosorus size (US) of leaf rust were determined on primary leaves and young flag leaves of 18 spring wheat cultivars. A large growth stage effect and a large cultivar effect on all three components were observed. Partial resistance as measured by the three components was generally better expressed in the adult plant stage than in the seedling stage. Associated variation of the components was observed: long LP, low IF and small US tended to go together. The association was not complete, cultivars with clear deviations of this association for one of the components were found suggesting the existence of at least partly different genetic factors controlling the respective components. LP measured on flag leaves gave the most reliable results and, therefore, could best be used as a selection criterion in breeding programs for partial resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; leaf rust ; temperature sensitivity ; latency period ; infection frequency ; urediosorus size ; growth stage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Three components of partial resistance (PR) were studied at three post-infection temperatures using seven spring wheat genotypes differing in level of PR and two different wheat leaf rust races. The components were latency period (LP), infection frequency (IF) and urediosorus size (US). The expression of LP was more sensitive to temperature than the expression of the other two components. LP-prolonging genes were better expressed at low temperatures than at high temperatures and cultivar differences tended to increase with decreasing temperature in both seedling and adult plant stages. The reaction of IF to temperature differed from that of LP and US, probably because IF is regulated by another mechanism than LP and US. It is recommended to perform PR-screening tests at low rather than at high temperatures. If temperatures are maintained at about 8–13°C (night-day), seedlings can be used to screen for PR instead of the more expensive adult plant tests. The effectiveness of PR in seedling stage at low temperatures suggests that the seedling stage may have epidemiological significance as the low temperatures (8–13°C) are relevant for seedlings in the field.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 225-234 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; winter wheat ; breeding ; phenology ; vernalization ; Vrn genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary An international survey of wheat breeders and scientists was conducted to determine whether there was a common understanding of the term ‘winter wheat’. Response to photoperiod was mentioned by only seven of the 30 survey respondents. It was consequently suggested that it be excluded from any definition. Response to vernalization was mentioned by 28 of the 30 respondents. However, there was considerable variation in the method of quantifying this response and the degree of response necessary for wheat to be called ‘winter’. It was concluded that the only objective and internationally consistent definition of ‘winter wheat’ was a ‘genetic’ definition based on the complement of Vrn genes a wheat possesses. Varieties not possessing any of the dominant Vrn alleles appear to take a distinctively longer and more variable time to head when grown under non-vernalizing, long day conditions. These are ‘genetically winter’ wheats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 273-282 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; race-specificity ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; wheat leaf rust ; partial resistance ; hypersensitive resistance ; latency period ; disease severity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Partial resistance (PR) in wheat to wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici) is characterized by a slow epidemic build-up despite a susceptible infection type. Two greenhouse tests and two field tests, in which 11 spring wheat cultivars were exposed to five wheat leaf rust races, revealed some indication for race-specificity of PR. In the greenhouse, the expression of PR was highly dependent on the environment. Significant cultivar-race interactions in the first experiment were lost in the second experiment probably due to cultivar-environment and cultivar-race-environment interactions. In the polycyclic field tests several factors played a role in explaining the inconsistency of the cultivar-race interactions, such as differences in initial inoculum, genotypic differences in earliness, interplot interference or environmental conditions. One cultivar-race combination showed a significant but small interaction towards susceptibility in both field experiments. The interaction was probably too small to detect in the monocyclic greenhouse tests. The results do not conflict with the idea that a gene-for-gene relationship could exist between PR-genes in the host and genes in the pathogen. Some problems with regard to the selection of PR in wheat to wheat leaf rust are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 241-245 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; leaf rust ; partial resistance ; environmental stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Five spring wheat cultivars differing in partial resistance (PR) to wheat leaf rust were tested at Wageningen (the Netherlands) on a sandy and a clay site, El Batan (CIMMYT, Mexico) and Ponta Grossa (Brazil) over two years. The cultivars were Skalavatis 56, Little Club (both very susceptible), Westphal 12A, Akabozu and BH 1146 (all three with high levels of PR). The results showed that PR was expressed at all four locations in both years. The level of expression was influenced by the environment but the cultivar ranking was hardly affected. Selection for PR in the field can therefore be carried out over a wide range of environments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 44 (1989), S. 247-258 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici ; leaf rust ; epidemiological parameters ; microfield ; race nursery ; partial resistance ; components of resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Eighteen spring wheat cultivars were tested in microfields and race nurseries for their partial resistance PR to wheat leaf rust under low and high disease pressure respectively. Large differences existed between the 18 cultivars, Skalavatis 56 being the most susceptible and Ponta Grossa 1 being the most resistant cultivar. Of the three epidemic parameters, disease severity (DS) at the time that the susceptible check was severely diseased and area under the transformed disease severity curve (AUTC) and the logistic growth rate (r), AUTC and DS were highly correlated. Both seemed to be reliable estimators of PR but DS should be preferred for economical reasons. The logistic growth rate seemed to be unsuitable as an estimator of partial resistance. High and low disease pressure gave similar cultivar ranking. PR can be screened and selected equally well in race nurseries with low space, low time and low cost input as in microfields with high space, time and cost input. Cultivar differences in development rate had a large impact on the cultivar differences for amount of disease and can therefore greatly bias the estimation of cultivar resistance. The resistance of early cultivars tended to be underestimated whereas the resistance of late cultivars tended to be overestimated. The effect of differences in developmental rate was most pronounced in the flag leaf. It is advisable to avoid the assessment of disease levels on the flag leaf only and to incorporate in the tests several susceptible and resistant checks that cover the range of development rates in the material to be selected, because otherwise selection for resistance will tend to select also for lateness. Regression of the epidemiological parameters on three components of partial resistance revealed that latency period (LP) is an important factor in determining the resistance observed in the field explaining on average 67% of the observed variation. Adding infection frequency (IF) and urediosorus size (US) to the linear model increased the proportion of the observed variation in the field explained by the components to 80%. This result supports the idea that the components of PR inherit independently, at least, in part.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 269-278 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): deleterious ; inhibitory bacteria ; pseudomonads ; rhizobacteria ; toxin ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract We studied the production of a toxin inhibitory to both winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root growth andEscherichia coli that was produced by a rhizobacterial pseudomonad. Of several carbon sources tested, the most rapid growth and highest toxin concentrations were obtained with glucose, glycerol, or trehalose. Toxin production was repressed with L-cysteine as the nitrogen source. Toxin was produced during the late exponential and early stationary phase of growth by the bacterium and, contrary to studies with other toxins, was unaffected by Fe and P concentrations in the growth medium. Toxin production by the bacterium was the same at growth temperatures of 25 and 15°C while it produced less at 5°C. If the bacterium was able to grow, it produced toxin. No compound tested induced an increase in toxin production indicating toxin production is constitutive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 115 (1989), S. 83-87 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): karnal funt ; Neovossia indica ; secondary spread ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat-spikes inoculated withN. indica at the boot-leaf stage produced secondary sporidia when later incubated (intact/detached) under moist conditions in the laboratory. Sporidia were also released from inoculated spikes in the field where sporidial release exhibited diurnal periodicity. More sporidia were trapped between 5–6 o'clock than during the later parts of the day but no sporidia were trapped between 14–18 o'clock. However, they could be trapped at any time of the day from the detached spikes incubated under moist conditions in the laboratory. Sporidia trapped in different experiments were invariably of the allantoid type and they proved viable and infective. Maximum sporidia developed on the outer glumes of florets, and this observation was supported by scanning electron microcope studies. Sporidia developed at 15 and 20°C but not at 30°C. These findings indicated that repeated cycles of sporidial production in spikes provided more inoculum than expected from soil-borne teliospores ofN. indica.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 116 (1989), S. 29-36 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): cytokinins ; potassium ; seaweed concentrate ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of the seaweed concentrate “Kelpak’ on the growth and yield of wheat grown under conditions of varying K supply were investigated. Kelpak had no significant effect on the yield of wheat receiving an adequate K supply, but significantly increased the yield of K stressed plants. The increase in yield was caused by an increase in both grain number and individual grain weight. Although the beneficial effects of seaweed concentrates have often been attributed to their cytokinin content, several lines of evidence suggested that this group of plant growth regulators may not be solely responsible for the observed effects of Kelpak on wheat. Irrespective of the physiological mechanism of action, Kelpak would appear to have considerable potential for increasing yield in K stressed wheat and may therefore reduce the requirement of wheat for K fertilization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 157-165 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): bacterial metabolites ; gnotobiotics ; growth inhibition ; plant genotypes ; Pseudomonas ; rhizosphere ; Serratia ; symptoms ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract With the aim of elucidating mechanisms behind bacteria-induced deleterious effects and differential cultivar responses to bacterial inoculations, wheat seedlings were subjected to various tests under gnotobiotic conditions. Inoculation with two deleterious Pseudomonas isolates, Å 112 (fluorescent) and Å 313 (nonfluorescent), induced leaf symptoms and shoot and root growth inhibition, while inoculation with growthneutral bacteria (Serratia liquefaciens andEscherichia coli) had no such effects. Deleterious effects were induced at low inoculum densities (〈103 cells per plant), but required addition of nutrient broth in small amounts for consistency. Effects similar to those obtained with living inoculum could be induced by treating plants with sterile culture filtrates from isolate Å 313 or volatile bacterial metabolites from isolate Å 112. Wheat cultivars previously found to differ in their reaction to inoculation under non-sterile conditions, responded differentially to Å 112 and Å 313 also in the gnotobiotic assay. The results agree with the hypothesis that neither cultivar reaction nor the bacterial effects as such are mediated by interactions with an indigenous rhizosphere microflora.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 120 (1989), S. 95-101 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): allelopathy ; lyophilization ; Oryza sativa ; phytoxicity ; rhizosphere soil ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Using a wheat seed bio assay, the phytotoxicity of extracts obtained from wheat and rice rhizosphere soils was determined. The wheat rhizosphere soil extract was found to show phytotoxic effects. More allelopathic materials were found from the wheat-rice rotation soils than from the rice soil. Extracts obtained under basic conditions (pH 8) were found to be more inhibitory than those obtained by acid extraction (pH 5). Wheat straw was found also to contain phytotoxic substances. A comparison of two methods in concentrating the aqueous extracts, rotary evaporation and lyophilization, indicates that the former contained more substances with phytotoxic effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 19 (1989), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): S ; calcite ; dolomite ; soybean ; corn ; wheat ; soil acidity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Liming costs have escalated since the mid 1970's in the United States. Studies of crop response to lime with irrigation are limited as well as those of crop response to soil acidifying agents. This study was conducted to determine yield response of irrigated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], corn (Zea mays L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to lime and S and the change in soil pH, in response to lime and S. Irrigated soybean, corn, and wheat were grown on Dothan and Tifton loamy fine sand (Plinthic Acrisols) with different levels of calcite, dolomite, and S. Soil samples were collected before applying treatments and during each growing season. Soil pH and Mehlich I extractable P, K, Ca, and Mg in addition to grain yield of each crop were determined. Highest soybean yield (4.2 t ha−1) occurred in 1984 at a soil pH of 4.9 (1:1 v/v soil—water suspension) while the yield was zero at a pH of 3.7 on S treated plots. A soil pH of 4.8 in 1985 reduced soybean yield from 3.4 to 2.7 t ha−1 in comparison to untreated plots (pH = 5.6). In 1986, soybean yield was 0.8 t ha−1 at pH 4.0 in comparison to 2.3 t ha−1 at pH 5.1 and 5.9. Corn did not respond to lime with control pH of 5.3 in 1985 or 5.1 in 1986 but S at pH 4.6 reduced yield from 12.3 to 8.7 t ha−1 in 1985 and S reduced yield from 11.0 to 0.9 t ha−1 at pH 4.0 in 1986. Sulfur reduced wheat yield from 4.3 to 1.7 t ha−1 in 1985 and from 2.2 to 0.9 t ha−1 in 1987. Soil pH after cropping with S addition was 4.4 each year. Wheat did not respond to lime when unlimed soil had a pH of 5.2 or above.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 113 (1989), S. 213-221 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): microbial biomass ; 32P ; rhizosphere ; soil organic-P ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract 32P-labelled monocalcium phosphate solution was supplied by point injection to the root system of wheat plants grown in soil cores in a controlled environment. There was no detectable incorporation of32P into organic P fractions in the soil remaining after roots were removed, confirming field observations. The techniques used to measure organic P (including biomass P) could detect an incorporation of32P into soil microbial biomass equivalent to 0.3 μgP.g−1 soil, compared to a total soil biomass P content estimated to be ca. 6.5 μgP.g−1 soil. The limited incorporation of the added P into microbial biomass in the root-free soil may be due partly to a limited diffusion of32P into the non-rhizosphere soil and partly to the removal of32P-labelled microbial biomass adhering to or in very close association with the root surface. it is proposed that in studies of soil nutrient status, total soil biomass P (roots + soil flora + microfauna) should be measured, rather than attempting an estimate of microbial P. A sequential extraction procedure using a single soil sample, where a biocide is added to the extracting solution, is proposed as an alternative to the conventional procedure for measuring soil biomass P where two soil samples, one treated with a biocide, are extracted simultaneously.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Fusarium camptoceras ; Fusarium sp. ; Medicago spp. ; neosolaniol monoacetate ; phytotoxicity ; toxicity ; trichothecenes ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The toxicity of 12 South African isolates of an undescribedFusarium sp. from soil and other substrates was tested in plants and animals. TheFusarium sp. resemblesF. camptoceras but differs in several respects. Two reference cultures ofF. camptoceras were therefore included in the toxicity tests. An isolate ofF. graminearum Gr 1, a known pathogen of annualMedicago spp. (medics) and wheat, was also included in the plant tests. Maize cultures of all theFusarium sp. isolates and oneF. camptoceras isolate were toxic to ducklings. Ethyl acetate extracts of cultures of nine of ten isolates of theFusarium sp. were dermotoxic to rabbit skin. In soil infested with sand-bran inoculum of the fungi, allFusarium sp. isolates, oneF. camptoceras isolate andF. graminearum Gr 1 caused significant (P=0.05) mortality of medics, whereas onlyF. graminearum Gr 1 caused mortality of wheat plants. Seven isolates of theFusarium sp. caused stunting of medic and wheat plants as well as discolouration, necrosis and die-back of the tap root of medics and the primary roots of wheat. The fungus could, however, not be isolated from these necrotic roots. In contrast,F. graminearum Gr 1 that caused discolouration of medic roots and typical crown rot symptoms of wheat, was readily isolated from affected roots and crowns. Maize cultures of isolates of theFusarium sp. and ofF. camptoceras were chemically analysed for neosolaniol monoacetate (NMA), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin. NMA was detected at levels ranging from 310 to 2060 ng g−1 in 10 of theFusarium sp. isolates, but not in theF. camptoceras isolates. The mortality of medic plants and the NMA yields of isolates of theFusarium sp. in maize cultures were significantly correlated (r=0.84,P〈0.05). A solution containing 10 mg litre−1 of pure NMA was only slightly toxic to ducklings. Exposure of seeds to this solution had no effect on medics and wheat, but exposure of seedlings caused marked mortality in medics and reduction of shoot length in wheat. A solution containing 100 mg litre−1 of NMA was acutely toxic to ducklings, but had no effect on medic and wheat plants when added to soil. Phytotoxic effects on medic and wheat plants were obtained with a concentration of 5000 ng NMA g−1 soil. In all tests, the phytotoxic effects were more drastic in medics than in wheat: medics were killed, whereas wheat seedlings were stunted. This is the first report of the phytotoxicity of NMA to medics and wheatin vivo and probably also the first report of the phytotoxic effects of a pure trichothecene added to soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): anther culture ; Triticum aestivum ; donor plant environment ; incubation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four different growth environments (field, two phytotron greenhouses and one growth chamber) were compared, using two genotypes of spring wheat, one recalcitrant and one responsive. Field-grown plants gave inferior results. Large improvements could be made by improving the conditions, embryoid frequencies in the two genotypes reaching 77.1% and 183.9% per 100 anthers, respectively. High light intensity during the induction phase strongly suppressed induction in both genotypes, but stimulated regeneration of green plants in the recalcitrant genotype, which had the lowest regeneration ability. Weak, diffuse light did not inhibit induction while the positive effect on regeneration was maintained. Also, another recalcitrant genotype was grown in the field, together with two F1-hybrids (recalcitrant x recalcitrant and recalcitrant x responsive). Evidence for a three-factor system was obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; ABA ; ABA analogs ; somatic embryogenesis ; precocious germination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Zygotic embryos from ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were tested for embryogenic callus induction in the presence or absence of externally supplied (±)-abscisic acid (ABA) and two of its analogs, methyl abscisate and methyl epoxy-beta-ionylideneacetate. (±)-ABA and its analogs suppressed precocious germination of cultured late-stage embryos and promoted embryogenic callus induction. A significantly greater number of plants was regenerated from calli induced in the presence of ABA and ABA analogs. Early-stage embryos when cultured in the presence of (±)-ABA showed a negative response. Possible roles of ABA with respect to the expression of somatic embryogenesis are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 18 (1989), S. 227-230 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): sterility ; diploid ; haploid ; pollen plants ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The fertility of plants from wheat anther culture was studied. It was found that one half of the 36 plants with diploid root tips didn't set seeds at all, and that 41 of the 42 plants with haploid root tips were completely sterile. It was surprising that sterility was so widely distributed even among the plants with diploid root tips.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 95 (1989), S. 85-105 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Erysiphe graminis ; vertical distribution ; triadimefon ; AUDPC-value ; economic thresshold ; seed number
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Samenvatting Opbrengstderving van wintertarwe door meeldauw werd bestudeerd in 11 veldproeven in Nederland. De schade bedroeg gemiddeld 0.013 (SE=0.003) kg are−1 per puistdag meeldauw per blad, vanaf het tweede-knoop stadium tot begin deegrijp bij opbrengstniveaus van 70 tot 90 kg are−1, in de blanco. Bij een ziektestress van 0 tot 2000 puistdagen meeldauw per blad werd geen afwijking van een rechtlijnig verband gevonden. De schaderelatie werd niet significant beïnvloed door de verschillende jaren, rassen of grondsoorten. Het effect van meeldauw op enkele opbrengstcomponenten werd aangetoond. Meeldauwprofielen in de onbehandelde veldjes konden worden beschreven met de vergelijking: CM=CLAb, waarin CM het cumulatieve aantal puistjes is en CLA het cumulatieve bladoppervlak, beide berekend van bovenin het bladerdek naar beneden, de totalen gestandaardiseerd op één. De gradiënt parameter b bedroeg gemiddeld 3.4 (SE=0.9). Waargenomen verschillen in steilte van de meeldauwprofielen beïnvloedde de schaderelatie niet aantoonbaar.
    Notizen: Abstract Damage by mildew to winter wheat was studied in 11 field experiments in the Netherlands. Damage is described by the simple function: −0.013 (SE=0.003) kg are−1 per pustule-day of mildew per leaf, from second node stage to early dough at yield levels of 70 to 90 kg are−1, in diseasefree plots. No deviations from linearity at disease stresses from zero to two thousand pustuledays per leaf were observed. Years, cultivars or soil types did not affect the damage function significantly. The effects of mildew on some yield components were suggested. Mildew profiles in untreated plots could be described by the equation: CM=CLAb, in which CM and CLA are the cumulative pustule number and the cumulative leaf area, respectively, calculated both from top to bottom of the canopy, and totals standardized at unity. Estimates of the gradient parameter b aveaged 3.4 (SE=0.9). Observed differences in steepness of the profiles did not affect the damage function significantly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Sitophilus ; S. oryzae ; S. zeamais ; rice weevil ; maize weevil ; geographical strains ; digestion ; amylase ; diet ; barley ; corn ; maize ; rice ; wheat ; amylase inhibitors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La transformation de rang des valeur d'activité spécifique de l'α-amylase de 4 souches de S. oryzae et de 4 souches de S. zeamais montre que les niveaux les plus élevés de ces enzymes prédominantes s'observent chez les adultes nourris d'orge mondé ou de riz brun á grains longs. Des niveaux intermédiaires d'activité ont été obtenus chez les insectes élevés sur maïs jaune, et les niveaux les plus faibles chez ceux élevés sur blé. Bien que les extraits préparés à partir d'orge présentent une activité inhibitrice de deux isoamylases purifiées de S. oryzae, les niveaux des inhibiteurs naturels α-amylase de ces deux enzymes sont environ respectivement 2,2 et 6,1 fois plus concentrés dans le blé. L'ingestion de ces inhibiteurs d'amylase et la formation d'un complexe enzyme inactive/inhibiteur avec l'amylase secrétée antérieurement, peut rendre compte de la plus faible activité de l'amylase chez les charançons consommant du blé. Le niveau d'amylase de S. oryzae est 2 fois plus élevé que celui de S. zeamais pour toutes les souches élevées sur un régime donné. Des niveaux d'activité significativement différents ont été trouvés suivant les souches pour chacune des deux espèces. Puisque l'amylase est la principale hydrolase digestive de ces espèces, l'intensité de la modification des teneurs en amylase par la consommation de céréales peut indiquer leur adéquation comme hôtes potentiels.
    Notizen: Abstract Rank transformation of specific activity values of α-amylase across four strains of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and four strains of S. zeamais Motschulsky indicates that levels of these predominant enzymes are highest in adults feeding on hulled barley or long-grain brown rice. Intermediate activity levels are found in weevils feeding on yellow corn (maize) and lowest levels are found in wheat-fed weevils. Although extracts prepared from barley contain inhibitory activity against two purified isoamylases from S. oryzae, levels of the naturally-occurring α-amylase inhibitors against these two enzymes are about 2.2-fold and 6.1-fold, respectively, more concentrated in wheat. Ingestion of these amylase inhibitors and formation of an inactive enzyme:inhibitor complex with previously secreted amylase may account for the lower activity of amylase in weevils of both species feeding on wheat. Amylase levels across all strains feeding on a given diet are about 2-fold higher in S. oryzae than in S. zeamais. Significant differences in activity levels were also found between strains in both species. Since α-amylase is a predominant digestive hydrolase in these species, the degree to which cereal diets affect amylase levels may indicate their suitability as potential hosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 67-70 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Root activity ; Soil C mineralization ; 14C-labelled plant material ; Decomposition stages ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Two different soils were amended with 14C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the roots removed from the soil, and a new crop was started. Thus, the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of active roots on C-mineralization rates during different stages of decomposition and during long-term incubation. During the first 200 days, corresponding to the active decomposition stages, the roots weakly reduced 14C mineralization. With a lower level of decomposition, when more than 60% of the initial 14C was mineralized and when the available nutrients were markedly exhausted by plant uptake, the roots stimulated 14C mineralization.[/ p]
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 71-78 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Root activity ; Rhizosphere ; C metabolism ; Microbial biomass ; Microbial activity ; Wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Two different soils were amended with 14C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the old roots removed from the soil, so that the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. During the initial stages of high microbial activity, due to decomposition of the labile compounds, the size of the total microbial biomass was comparable for both treatments, and the metabolic quotient (qCO2-C = mg CO2-C·mg−1 Biomass C·h−1) was increased by the plants. During the subsequent low-activity decomposition stages, after the labile compounds had been progressively mineralized, the biomass was multiplied by a factor of 2–4 in the presence of plants compared to the bare soils. Nevertheless, qCO2-C tended to reach similar low values with both treatments. The 14C-labelled biomass was reduced by the presence of roots and qCO2-14C was increased. The significance of these results obtained from a model experiment is discussed in terms of (1) the variation in the substrate originating from the roots and controlled by the plant physiology, (2) nutrient availability for plants and microorganisms, (3) soil biotic capacities and (4) increased microbial turnover rates induced by the roots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 315-321 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Biopores ; Root growth ; Transpiration ; Simulations ; Mechanical impedance ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The use of vertical biopores by wheat (Triticum aestivum) seminal roots for easy access to the subsoil and the consequences for plant water supply and yield has been investigated by computer simulation. Parameters included were: biopore density and diameter, depth of cultivation and strength of the subsoil — all under a wide range of seasonal weather conditions. The model predicts that biopores add significantly to root penetration at depth, even at a density of 0.1% v/v of small, vertical pores, while 1.5% to 2.0% v/v can ensure maximum root penetration. When the growing season is shorter a larger number of biopores is needed to ensure timely root penetration to depth. With shallow tillage, biopores occur closer to the soil surface, and their importance is increased. Deeper root penetration invariably gives greater water uptake and transpiration, but may have a negative effect on grain yield, especially under the driest climatic conditions. An increase in early water use may result in less soil water being available during the grain-filling period. The effect of biopores on plant transpiration varies from year to year, depending on the amount of rain and its distribution in time, and on the amount of soil water stored at time of sowing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Plant mitochondrial DNA ; Ribosomal genes ; Sequence rearrangements
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The nucleotide sequence of the wheat mitochondrial 26S ribosomal RNA gene and flanking regions was determined and compared with mitochondrial 26S rRNA genes from maize and Oenothera. All three genes exhibit a high degree of homology except within two variable regions. When the plant mitochondrial 26S rRNA genes are compared with Escherichia coli 23S rRNA and chloroplast 23S and 4.5S rRNA genes, a third variable region is apparent close to the 3′ end of the gene. The 5′ and 3′ ends of the wheat mitochondrial gene were determined by S1 nuclease mapping. Computer analysis of the wheat mitochondrial gene revealed several small sequences present either in the 5′ region of the 26S rRNA gene or in the 18S rRNA gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Genomic variability ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Somatic tissue culture ; Regeneration ability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Embryogenic and non-embryogenic long-term callus cultures of hexaploid wheat exhibit differences in the organization of their mitochondrial genome. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic fractions of callus cultures initiated from immature embryos of the wheat cultivar “Chinese Spring” have been isolated and subsequently subcultured. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments using labelled cloned wheat mitochondrial DNA fragments have shown that the mitochondrial DNA organization of embryogenic subcultures derived from embryogenic parts of “Chinese Spring” calli is closely related to that of the initial “Chinese Spring” calli, while non-embryogenic subcultures derived from non-embryogenic fragments of “Chinese Spring” calli exhibit a mitochondrial DNA organization similar to that found in non-embryogenic calli derived from cultivar “Aquila”. In addition, somatic tissue cultures initiated from three other non-embryogenic wheat cultivars (“Talent”, “Thésée” and “Capitole”) display mitochondrial DNA arrangements similar to those found in cultivar “Aquila”. These results strongly suggest that, in wheat callus cultures, a particular mitochondrial genome organization is correlated with the ability of cultured cells to regenerate whole plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Schlagwort(e): odors ; volatiles ; microflora ; fungi ; wheat ; seasonality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The fungal odor compounds 3-methyl-l-butanol, l-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone were monitored in nine experimental bins in Winnipeg, Manitoba containing a hard red spring wheat during the autumn, winter and summer seasons of 1984–85. Quality changes were associated with seed-borne microflora and moisture content in both ventilated and non-ventilated bins containing wheat of 15.6 and 18.2% initial moisture content. All three odor compounds occurred in considerably greater amounts in bulk wheat in non-ventilated than in ventilated bins, particularly in those with wheat having 18.2% moisture content. The presence of these compounds usually coincided with infection of the seeds by the fungi Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus repens DeBarry, A. versicolor (Vuill.) Tiraboschi, Penicillium crustosum Thom, P. oxalicum Currie and Thom, P. aurantiogriseum Dierckx, and P. citrinum Thom. High production of all three odor compounds in damp wheat stored in non-ventilated bins was associated with heavy fungal infection of the seeds and reduction in seed germinability. High initial moisture content of the harvested grain accelerated the production of all three fungal volatiles in non-ventilated bins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 17 (1988), S. 147-151 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): time of zinc application ; wheat ; zinc sulphate ; zinc oxide ; zinc uptake
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Field experiments with wheat were conducted for two years on flood plain alluvial soils to study the effectiveness of soil application of zinc sulphate and zinc oxide at 0, 15, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after sowing. Yield and zinc uptake of wheat increased significantly with the application of zinc. Delaying the application of both zinc sulphate and zinc oxide up to 45 days of sowing did not adversly affect the zinc nutrition of wheat. However, delaying the application for 75 or 90 days after sowing eliminated the response. Zinc sulphate, when applied within 60 days of sowing performed better than zinc oxide. In a laboratory study, zinc sulphate maintained a higher level of zinc in the soil solution than zinc oxide at least over a 3-week period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 17 (1988), S. 137-146 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonium-nitrate-potassium interaction ; accumulation of reduced nitrogen ; wheat ; nitrification inhibitor ; grain ; stover
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A greenhouse experiment with wheat in 3L pots filled with a sandy loam soil in a factorial design was conducted to determine the effect of potassium on nitrogen utilization. Nitrogen was applied in three NH4-N/NO3-N ratios, 0/100, 25/75 and 50/50, at three levels: 0.75, 1.50 and 3.00gN/pot, and potassium was applied at three levels: 0, 0.5 and 1.0gK/pot. The higher levels of nitrate nitrogen with or without potassium reduced dry matter yields drastically, while the same levels of a NH4-N/NO3-N mixture of 50/50 with applied potassium reduced yields only slightly. Highest grain yield and total yield were obtained with a 25/75 mixture of ammonium/nitrate nitrogen with added potassium. Potassium addition to soil increased the utilization of nitrogen fertilizers, particularly when the ratio of ammonium to nitrate was increased. The highest uptake of reduced nitrogen was at the highest level of the ammonium to nitrate nitrogen ratio (50/50) when potassium was applied. Tillering was enhanced by an increased ammonium ratio in the nitrogen mixture, and by potassium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): farmyard manure ; maize ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; rice ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Field experiments with rice-wheat rotation were conducted during five consecutive years on a coarse-textured low organic matter soil. By amending the soil with 12t FYM ha−1, the yield of wetland rice in the absence of fertilizers was increased by 32 per cent. Application of 80 kg N ha−1 as urea could increase the grain yield of rice equivalent to 120 kg N ha−1 on the unamended soil. Although the soil under test was low in Olsen's P, rice did not respond to the application of phosphorus on both amended and unamended soils. For producing equivalent grain yield, fertilizer requirement of maize grown on soils amended with 6 and 12 t FYM ha−1 could be reduced, respectively to 50 and 25 per cent of the dose recommended for unamended soil (120 kg N + 26.2 kg P + 25 kg K ha−1). Grain yield of wheat grown after rice on soils amended with FYM was significantly higher than that obtained on unamended soil. In contrast, grain yield of wheat which followed maize did not differ significantly on amended or unamended soils.
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 17 (1988), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Low-grade phosphate rock ; acid extracts ; P fertiliser ; available P ; wheat ; soil pH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Low grade phosphate rock (PR), containing high amounts of oxides of iron and aluminium is neither suitable for fertiliser production nor useful for direct application to annual crops. The fertiliser effectiveness of P extracted by H2SO4 from a low-grade phosphate rock, PR (Christmas Island C-grade PR) was evaluated for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on a calcareous loam (pH 8.4) and a non-calcareous loam (pH 6.9) in field and glasshouse experiments. Superphosphate was used to compare the performance of the acid extracts of PR. In the non-calcareous loam soil, crop establishment and yield were significantly reduced by the acid extracts of PR due to increased acidity. In the calcareous soil, however, the acid extracts of PR performed as well as superphosphate; similar or even higher crop yields were obtained with the former, especially when applied near the seed. The acid extracts of low-grade PR may, therefore, have a role in calcareous soils, where the extract can be applied directly or added in the irrigation waters to supply P to crops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 16 (1988), S. 137-155 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Superphosphate ; rock phosphate ; wheat ; oats ; barley ; field experiment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Nine soil tests for phosphate were evaluated for predicting the yield and P content of wheat, barley and oats grown on a sandy soil in Western Australia: Olsen, modified Olsen 1 (soil:solution ratio 1:5), modified Olsen 2 (soil:solution ratio 1:50), Colwell, Bray 1, Bray 2, modified Bray 2T (shaking time 10 minutes), modified Bray 2C (pH 3.7) and lactate. The soil had been fertilized 5 years previously with 20 levels each of superphosphate (OSP, range 0 to 400 kg P ha−1) and Queensland rock phosphate (QRP, range 0 to 20 000 kg P ha−1). For each species and fertilizer taken separately, all the tests, except for lactate, gave a good prediction of yield. When data for OSP and QRP were pooled, Bray 2 and modified Bray 2T tests were unsatisfactory predictors of both yield and P content. A linear relationship (P 〈 0.05) between mean soil tests value (χ) and the standard deviation (σ χ ) of the test value was observed for each soil test. For QRP, the results for lactate were the most variable (i.e.σχ/χ was greatest) followed by modified Olsen 2 〉 Bray 1 〉 Bray 2 〉 Olsen 〉 modified Bray 2C 〉 modified Olsen 1 〉 modified Bray 2T 〉 Colwell. The order for OSP fertilized soil was Bray 1 〉 modified Bray 2T 〉 Bray 2 〉 Olsen 〉 Colwell 〉 modified Bray 2C 〉 modified Olsen 1 〉 lactate 〉 modified Olsen 2. For combined OSP and QRP data, the results of the Olsen 1 and Colwell extractions were the least variable. Errors in the prediction of yield (σ Y ) for all crops resulting from an error in soil test values (σχ) were calculated. For OSP-fertilized soil variability in values for the Bray-1 test provided the highest error (about 16%) in the prediction of the yield, followed by Bray 2 (12%) 〉 Bray 2T (10%) 〉 Olsen (8%) 〉 Colwell (7%) 〉 modified Bray 2C (6%) 〉 lactate (4%). Maximum error was at yields of about 65% of maximum yield. For soil fertilized with QRP, lactate provided the highest error (about 10%) in the prediction of yield, followed by the other tests (〈 6%). Maximum error was at yields of about 35% of maximum yield. The Colwell soil test gave the most accurate overall prediction of yield for both fertilizers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 1 (1988), S. 217-222 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Cytology ; In vitroandrogenesis ; Fluorescent microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Two winter wheat genotypes (‘Diószegi 200’ and ‘Mv 15’) were compared for their in vitro androgenic capacity. On average, the induction frequency of embryogenic structures was 71.7% in ‘Diószegi 200’ and only 4.3% in ‘Mv 15’. The haploid induction ability of the two genotypes differed considerably, with ‘Diószegi 200’ being much higher. The difference in the in vitro inductability of the microspores may result from genetic differences which are manifested in the survival rate of the microspores during the culture period and their adaptability to in vitro conditions. Special DNA fluorochrornes were suitable for studying the different pathways of in vitro androgenesis. Our data indicate that the repeated equal divisions of the microspore nucleus might lead to pollen embryo formation, and subsequent divisions of the vegetative portion of the pollen grain after the first asymmetric microspore mitosis can result in pollen callus formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 26 (1988), S. 693-703 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; gliadins ; gel electrophoresis ; evolution ; genetic analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The gliadin composition of 78 spring durum wheat varieties has been studied by one-dimensional (Al-lactate,pH 3.1) and two-dimensional (first dimension, Al-lactate,pH 3.1; second dimension, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel) electrophoresis. Analysis of hybrids has shown that all components of the α zone of gliadin spectra are inherited together as blocks and are, probably, coded for by a cluster of tightly linked genes located on chromosome 6A. Fourteen variants of gliadin blocks have been identified, which can be classified into five families on the basis of component composition. All families but one have analogues among chromosome 6A-controlled blocks of bread wheat. The results indicate that some of the genome A diploid genotypes that were ancestors of durum wheats were also ancestors of bread wheats and that polyploid wheats were produced by repeated allopolyploidization events, as has been suggested earlier.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 26 (1988), S. 693-703 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; gliadins ; gel electrophoresis ; evolution ; genetic analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The gliadin composition of 78 spring durum wheat varieties has been studied by one-dimensional (Al-lactate,pH 3.1) and two-dimensional (first dimension, Al-lactate,pH 3.1; second dimension, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel) electrophoresis. Analysis of hybrids has shown that all components of the α zone of gliadin spectra are inherited together as blocks and are, probably, coded for by a cluster of tightly linked genes located on chromosome 6A. Fourteen variants of gliadin blocks have been identified, which can be classified into five families on the basis of component composition. All families but one have analogues among chromosome 6A-controlled blocks of bread wheat. The results indicate that some of the genome A diploid genotypes that were ancestors of durum wheats were also ancestors of bread wheats and that polyploid wheats were produced by repeated allopolyploidization events, as has been suggested earlier.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 26 (1988), S. 287-301 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): shikimate dehydrogenase ; electrophoresis ; isoelectric focusing ; isozymest ; Triticeae ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Starch gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (IEF) were used to investigate the genetic control of Triticeae shikimate dehydrogenase-1 (SKDH-1). Studies of wheat-alien species chromosome addition lines established thatSkdh-1 ofHordeum vulgare cv. Betzes is located in chromosome 5H,Skdh-V1 ofDasypyrum villosum in 5V,Skdh-R1 ofSecale cereale cvs. Dakold and King II in 5R, andSkdh-S 11 ofTriticum longissimum in 5S1S. Also, the chromosomal locations of the genes that encode SKDH-1 inT. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring,T. umbellulatum, andS. cereale cv. Imperial, determined earlier using zone electrophoresis, were reconfirmed using IEF. Zone electrophoresis and IEF do not differ markedly in their ability to detect the expression of alienSkdh-1 genes in wheat-alien species chromosome addition lines. However, IEF may be superior to zone electrophoresis as a technique for detecting and analyzing SKDH-1 genetic variants within Triticeae species; among the species studied, IEF generally resolved two or more isozymes perSkdh-1 allele present, while zone electrophoresis resolved only one.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 311-319 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chloroplast gene ; iron-sulphur protein ; psaC ; Pisum sativum ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The gene for the 8 kDa subunit of photosystem I has been located in the small single copy region of wheat chloroplast DNA by coupled transcription-translation of cloned fragments of DNA and by DNA sequence analysis. The pea gene for this subunit was located in pea chloroplast DNA by using the wheat gene as a probe. The location was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of the products of coupled transcription-translation of cloned DNA with antiserum raised against the small subunits of pea photosystem I and by DNA sequence analysis. The deduced amino acid sequences of the pea and wheat proteins are identical in seventy-six out of the eighty-one amino acid residues. There are nine conserved cysteine residues, eight of which are arranged in the primary structure in a similar way to those in bacterial ferredoxins containing two 4Fe-4S centres, suggesting that the polypeptide binds iron sulphur centres A and B of photosystem I.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1988), S. 303-310 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): chloroplast gene ; monocot ; psbA ; transcription ; wheat ; 5′ end
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have mapped and cloned the wheat chloroplast gene (psbA) that encodes the 32 kd polypeptide of Photosystem II. The psbA gene is located in the large single copy region adjacent to one inverted repeat and is transcribed toward the latter. The sequence of the 5′ end of the wheat gene is homologous with dicot psbA genes. We have located the 5′ terminus of the wheat psbA RNA to a position 83 nt upstream of its coding region. The same psbA RNA species was capped in vitro by guanylyltransferase, establishing that its 5′ end is a transcription start site. Regions which resemble procaryotic -10 and -35 promoter elements are located immediately upstream of the wheat psbA transcription initiation site.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 633-639 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; triplet protein (triticin) ; legumin ; amino acid sequence homology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have obtained several amino acid sequences from purified polypeptides of a wheat endosperm storage globulin previously described as ‘triplet’ protein. The amino acid sequence data supported by immunochemical analysis using anti-oat 12S globulin antibodies, provide definitive evidence that the triplet protein is homologous to pea legumin and related seed storage proteins of oats, rice and several dicotyledonous species. Thus, it is now proposed that the triplet protein of wheat be renamed ‘triticin’. The oat globulin antibodies also cross-reacted strongly with the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits which have been implicated in bread-making quality.
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 11 (1988), S. 833-843 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): mitochondrial DNA ; transfer RNA genes ; rearrangement ; recombination ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the course of isolating tRNA genes from wheat mtDNA, we have found the same tRNAPro gene in two different Hind III restriction fragments, H-P1 (0.7 kbp) and H-P2 (1.7 kbp). Sequences immediately flanking these duplicate genes are closely related, although not identical; sequence comparisons suggest that multiple rearrangements have occurred in the vicinity of the H-P2 tRNAPro gene, relative to the H-P1 version. The chimeric nature of H-P2 is emphasized by the presence of sequences that are also found upstream of the wheat mitochondrial 26S rRNA gene, as well as sequences derived from chloroplast DNA. Comparison of H-P2 with H-P1 plus upstream sequences provides some insight into possible molecular events that might have generated H-P2. In particular, such comparisons suggest a model in which the homologous sequences in H-P2 are seen to be derived from H-P1 plus upstream sequences as a result of an intragenomic, site-specific rearrangement event, followed by amplification of the product, its fixation in the mitochondrial genome, and subsequent sequence divergence (single base changes as well as insertions/deletions of up to 50 nucleotides). The results reported here implicate particular primary sequence motifs in certain of the rearrangements that characterize H-P2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 10 (1988), S. 251-262 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): mitochondria ; mitochondrial DNA ; transfer RNA ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We have begun a systematic search for potential tRNA genes in wheat mtDNA, and present here the sequences of regions of the wheat mitochondrial genome that encode genes for tRNAAsp (anticodon GUC), tRNAPro (UGG), tRNATyr (GUA), and two tRNAsSer (UGA and GCU). These genes are all solitary, not immediately adjacent to other tRNA or known protein coding genes. Each of the encoded tRNAs can assume a secondary structure that conforms to the standard cloverleaf model, and that displays none of the structural aberrations peculiar to some of the corresponding mitochondrial tRNAs from other eukaryotes. The wheat mitochondrial tRNA sequences are, on average, substantially more similar to their eubacterial and chloroplast counterparts than to their homologues in fungal and animal mitochondria. However, an analysis of regions ∼ 150 nucleotides upstream and ∼ 100 nucleotides downstream of the tRNA coding regions has revealed no obvious conserved sequences that resemble the promoter and terminator motifs that regulate the expression of eubacterial and some chloroplast tRNA genes. When restriction digests of wheat mtDNA are probed with 32P-labelled wheat mitochondrial tRNAs, 〈20 hybridizing bands are detected, whether enzymes with 4 bp or 6 bp recognition sites are used. This suggests that the wheat mitochondrial genome, despite its large size, may carry a relatively small number of tRNA genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 933-940 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Gliadin ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; F1 monosomic analysis ; chromosomal assignment ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The gliadin components from four bread wheat cultivars: Chinese Spring, Capelle Desprez, Holdfast and Pane-247 and their monosomic F1s for the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6 have been analyzed by two-dimensional (2-pH) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Chromosomal location of gliadin genes and the allelic differences were well established by analyzing the different F1 monosomic hybrids, electrophoretical patterns and differences in relative staining intensity. A new gliadin encoded by a gene located on chromosome 6B in Chinese Spring is described. The two-dimensional patterns of gliadin in the other three varieties and the chromosomal location of their genes are reported for the first time. Relationships between gliadins in the two-dimensional patterns and the traditional system for their nomenclature are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 160 (1988), S. 77-89 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Triticeae ; Triticum aestivum ; T. timopheevi ; T. monococcum ; Dasypyrum villosum ; B, G, S, A, V genomes ; Nor-loci ; DNA-DNA hybridization ; spacer rDNA sequences ; molecular evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract TheNor-loci of polyploid wheats and their putative diploid progenitor species were assayed by probing isolated nuclear DNA with ribosomal DNA spacer sequences (spacer rDNA sequences, isolated by cloning), from theNor-loci of genomes B (Triticum aestivum), G (T. timopheevi), B (syn. S,T. speltoides), A (T. monococcum) and V (Dasypyrum villosum). DNA samples for analysis were digested with the restriction endonuclease Taq 1 and assayed by DNA-DNA hybridization under standard (37°C) and high stringency (64°C) conditions. The assay procedure emphasized differences between the divergent spacer sequences of the polyploid species and allowed relative homologies to the respective sequences in diploid species to be established. — The studies indicated thatT. timopheevi andT. speltoides contain different sets of spacer rDNA sequences which were readily distinguishable and, in the case ofT. timopheevi, assigned toNor-loci on different chromosomes. This contrast with the spacer rDNA sequences of the majorNor-loci on chromosomes 1 B and 6 B inT. aestivum, which were difficult to distinguish and were deduced to contain very similar sequences. Among the diploid progenitor species only the spacer rDNA fromT. speltoides shared close homology with polyploid wheat species. OneNor-locus inT. timopheevi (on chromosome 6 G) did not show close homology with any of the rDNA spacer probes available. — The data suggestsT. speltoides was the origin of someNor-loci for both theT. timopheevi andT. turgidum lines of tetraploid wheats. The possibility that the 6GNor-locus inT. timopheevi may have derived from an unknown diploid species by introgressive hybridization is discussed. The spacer rDNA sequence probe fromT. monococcum shared good homology with some accessions ofD. villosum and a line ofT. dicoccoides; the implications of this finding for evolution of present-day wheats are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): black gram ; boron deficiency ; borax rates ; green gram ; hollow heart ; hot-water-soluble boron ; kernel boron ; leaf boron ; peanut ; rice ; soybean ; sunflower ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of boron (B) on peanut and soybean was examined in two omission and one B fertilizer rate trial on a Typic Tropaqualf in Northern Thailand. The B rate trial was combined with a comparison of the response of sunflower, green gram, black gram, wheat, and rice in addition to peanut and soybean grown in irrigated rice-based cropping sequences over two years. Omitting B induced the hollow heart symptom in 10% of peanut kernels with the incidence of hollow hearts closely related to B concentration in the kernels. Omission of B had no effect on the appearance of soybean seed or on the grain yield of either soybean or peanut. In the B rate experiment, omitting B depressed grain yield by 50% in sunflower and by 40% to 80% in black gram, induced B deficiency symptoms in green gram and the hollow heart symptom in peanut kernels, but had not significant effect on the grain yield of soybean, peanuts, rice, or wheat. B deficiency apparently depressed grain yield in black and green gram by delaying or inhibiting reproductive development thus reducing pod set.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 39 (1988), S. 137-144 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; boron toxicity ; variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The growth and yield of seven wheat and two barley cultivars or lines, previously found to show different degrees of boron tolerance under field conditions, were compared in a pot experiment at a range of soil boron treatments. Soil treatments ranged up to 150 mg/kg applied B. Extractable B in soils ranged up to 103 mg/kg. At the highest B treatment seedling emergence was delayed, but the percentage emergence was not reduced. The degree of boron toxicity symptom expression varied between the wheat cultivars and lines, with the two most tolerant, Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12, displaying the least symptoms. The concentration of boron applied to the soil which produced a significant depression of growth and yield varied between cultivars. For example, the yield of (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 was not affected at the 100 mg/kg applied boron treatment, while the grain yield for (Wl*MMC)/W1/10 was significantly reduced at the 25 mg/kg treatment. There was a linear increase in boron concentration in tillers at the boot-stage with increasing concentration of boron in the soil. The most boron tolerant genotypes had the lowest tissue boron concentrations in each of the treatments. Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 had approximately half the boron concentrations of the more sensitive genotypes at the 25 and 50 mg/kg treatments. Differential tolerance of boron within the tissue was also observed. Both Stirling and (Wl*MMC)/W1/10 had significantly reduced total dry matter and grain yields at the 25 mg/kg treatment, while the concentrations of boron in boot stage tillers at this treatment were 118 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. On the other hand, Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 had tissue boron concentrations of 144 and 131 mg/kg, respectively, at the 50 mg/kg treatment but yield was unaffected. The relative responses in the pot experiment, for wheat, were in close agreement with field results. Halberd and (Wq*KP)*WmH)/6/12 had the highest grain yields, with the lowest concentrations of boron in the grain when grown under high boron conditions in the field. In pots these two genotypes proved to be the most tolerant of boron. For barley the advantage in grain yield in the field, expressed by WI-2584 compared with Stirling, was not repeated in pots. WI-2584 was, however, more tolerant than Stirling on the basis of total dry matter production. The results show that useful variation in boron tolerance exists among wheat, and that breeding should be able to provide cultivars tolerant to high levels of boron.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 110 (1988), S. 140-142 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Gaeumannomyces graminis ; roots ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A root assessment tray was designed for the meticulous assessment of take-all on wheat seedling roots from soil bioassays. Subsequently, the detection of lateral root infections (in addition to the more obvious infections on main axes of seminal roots) resulted in increased estimates of propagule numbers of the take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici) for 196 of the 368 soil samples bioassayed in a field study conducted in Western Australia between 1984 and 1986.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 105 (1988), S. 169-178 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): development ; fibrous root growth ; geotropism ; root deflection ; root model ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A model is described which simulates the growth of fibrous root systems. The root growth is specified in terms of growing time, numbers of axes, initiation times of axes, growth rates and branching characteristics of the roots, and characteristics governing the direction of root growth. The model generates a representation of the root system in which the locations of all branches and root tips are recorded in three-dimensional coordinates, and updates this representation in discrete time steps until the specified growing time is reached. Data are presented from a simulation of wheat root growth by the model. The simulated root system is represented pictorially and also graphically in the form of root length and root tip number profiles which are stratified by branching order class. The pictorial representations produced by the model are much more realistic than any which have been produced by past root growth models, and the graphical representations show trends in root length and root tip numbers which are the same as those commonly observed in real roots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 109 (1988), S. 128-130 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): nitrogen ; root pruning ; shoot ; root ratio ; Thornley's model ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In two experiments, wheat plants growing in solutions of different nitrogen concentration were subjected to root pruning. In higher concentrations of nitrogen the growth rate was higher, and the proportional allocation of growth to shoot higher, but pruning did not affect the allocation of growth at either level of nitrogen. This result gives no support to Thornley's source-sink model of the control of shoot: root ratio.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 109 (1988), S. 195-198 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Anguina tritici ; Corynebacterium tritici ; disease complex ; inoculation methods ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat,Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mexipak was artificially inoculated withAnguina tritici (Steinb.) under field conditions. Nematode inocula: 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g of seed galls/50 seeds or, germinated seeds of wheat (sown in a 1-m long row) were either added as intact seed galls or as a suspension of 2nd stage juveniles. Inoculation of ungerminated seeds with juveniles produced the highest incidence of ear-cockle disease. Whereas, intact seed galls inocula produced the highest incidence of tundu disease. Ear-cockle incidence was always greater than that of tundu at all treatments. The highest reduction in grain yield was associated with the treatments that caused the highest incidence of tundu disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 261-266 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): crown rot ; Fusarium graminearum ; interactions ; wheat ; zinc deficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat plants were grown at three levels of zinc nutrition in potted soil under controlled conditions. The surface soil in half of the pots was inoculated with a thin layer of milled chaff colonized byFusarium graminearum Group 1. Forty days after sowing, the plants were assessed for dry matter production and the extent of colonization by the pathogen. The concentration of zinc in the plant tissues was also determined. The zinc status of the plants ranged from severe deficiency through subclinical deficiency to sufficiency. The extent of colonization above the point of infection was decreased significantly by increasing the level of zinc supply. However, colonization of the seminal or secondary roots was not affected by zinc supply, nor was the incidence of infected plants. The unidirectional effect on resistance suggests that zinc has modified the contribution of the xylem flux to the upward spread of the pathogen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 171-175 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): hormones ; potassium status ; potassium transport ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 112 (1988), S. 45-52 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): barley ; boron toxicity ; genotypic variation ; mineral nutrition ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The mechanism of resistance toB toxicity in barley and wheat was studied in a solution culture experiment using several cultivars displaying a large range of sensitivity to excessB supply. Plants were cultured for 35 d atB concentrations ranging from normal to excessive (15 to 5000 μM, respectively) then examined for dry matter production and theB distribution between roots and shoots. In both species, increasedB supply was accompanied by increased tissueB concentrations, development ofB toxicity symptoms and depressed growth. At each level ofB supply, however, resistant cultivars accumulated considerably lessB than did sensitive cultivars, in both roots and shoots. Even at the lowestB supply, at which noB toxicity symptoms developed and growth was not affected, resistant cultivars maintained relatively low tissueB concentrations. No cultivar displayed an ability to tolerate high tissueB concentrations. These results indicate that sensitivity toB toxicity in barley and wheat is governed by the ability of cultivars to excludeB. If theB concentrations of tissues is used to indicate resistance toB toxicity, then cultivars have the same ranking whether cultured at a normal or excessB supply.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; soft red winter wheat ; Leptosphaeria nodorum ; Septoria nodorum ; septoria nodorum blotch ; glume blotch ; components of partial resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Seven soft red winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for partial resistance to Leptosphaeria nodorum under field conditions. The results demonstrate that resistance is available among cultivars that are adapted to the southeastern U.S. and that resistance is long lasting. Resistant cultivars had longer incubation and latent periods, slower rates of lesion development, and reduced the level of sporulation of L. nodorum. Seedlings of susceptible cultivars sustained severe disease with dew periods as short as 48 hr in greenhouse tests. One resistant cultivar sustained little damage with dew period as long as 144 hr. Latent period was shortest on the second leaf below the flag leaf (F-2 leaf) of all cultivars and longest on the flag leaf which reflected the effect of microclimate and leaf age. The range in length of latent period on the flag, F-1, and F-2 leaves of resistant cultivars was less than that for susceptible cultivars. Differences between cultivars were greatest (up to 6.8 days) for the F-2 leaf. A delay in production of inoculum on the F-2 and lower leaves of resistant cultivars should delay infection of the flag leaf and spike. The greatest differentiation among cultivars for sporulation of L. nodorum was on upper leaves at Feekes growth stage 11.2. ‘Oasis’ consistently had less sporulation than other cultivars at all sampling dates and leaf positions. The rate of disease progress up the plant (disease severity) and area under the disease progress curve were also least on ‘Oasis’. There were significant correlations among components of resistance and associated components suggesting that a single or interrelated mechanisms control expression of resistance. Overall, ‘Oasis’ was the most resistant cultivar followed by ‘Coker 762’ and ‘Coker 747’. There cultivars have remained resistant for ten or more years. ‘Stacy’ was intermediate in resistance and was the most variable of the seven cultivars for the components tested. ‘Holley’, ‘Omega 78’, and ‘Florida 301’ were highly susceptible by all criteria tested. Plant height was not a factor in resistance. The resistant cultivars are mostly later in maturity than the susceptible cultivars. In this study, crop maturity was similar under existing environmental conditions during the two seasons when most data were collected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 55-63 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; gibberellic acid insensitivity ; semi-dwarfness
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Genetic analysis of a new weak source of GA-insensitivity derived from Saitama 27 showed that it was controlled by a single gene located on chromosome 4A and allelic to Rht1 and Rht3. the gene was shown to be present in many Italian and Yugoslavian varieties suggesting a selective advantage in some breeding programmes. Varietal comparisons indicated that the gene reduces height by around 11 per cent. This was combined with an increase in spikelet fertility and in the total number of grain developing in the ear. In this initial experiment a reduction in grain size eliminated the advantages of increased grain number. Following development of isogenic lines in a number of varietal backgrounds the true potential of the gene will be determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 110 (1988), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): bean ; influx rate ; onion ; phosphorus efficiency ; rape ; ratio ; root-shoot ; ryegrass ; spinach ; tomato ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Plant species differ in their P efficiency,i.e. the P content in soil needed to reach their maximum yield. The differences in external P requirements can be atributed to either a lower internal P requirement for optimum growth or higher uptake efficiency of the plant. The objective of this research was to investigate the reasons for different P efficiencies of seven plant species. Onion, ryerass, wheat, rape, spinach, tomato and bean were grown in a P-deficient subsoil fertilized with 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg P 100 g−1. All species showed a strong yield increase due to P fertilization. To reach 80% of maximum yield onion and tomato needed 17 and 11 mg P 100 g−1 respectively, corresponding to a soil solution concentrations of 6.9 and 5.7 μmol P l−1, whereas ryegrass, wheat and rape needed about 5 mg P 100g−1 corresponding to only 1.4 μmol P l−1 in soil solution. These differences in external P requirement cannot be explained by differences in their internal P requirement since onion, with the highest external P requirement, only contained 0.14% P in the shoot at 80% of maximum yield, while wheat, as the most P efficient species, contained 0.28%. P efficiency was related to the uptake efficiency of the plant which is determined by both root-shoot ratio and absorption rate per unit of root (influx). Species of low efficiency such as onion, tomato and bean had low influx rates and low root-shoot ratios, whereas species of medium to high efficiency had either high influx rates (rape and spinach) or high root-shoot ratios (ryegrass and wheat). The combination of both high influx rate and high root-shoot ratio was not found in any of the species studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): carbohydrate accumulation ; chloride ; salinity-phosphorus interaction ; sodium ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Foliar inorganic ion and carbohydrate concentrations were determined in wheat plants treated with factorial combinations of phosphorus fertilizer and NaCl in a glasshouse experiment. Growth reductions and visual symptoms of salt toxicity were minimized when phosphorus nutrition was adequate, and were intensified by phosphorus deficiency. Foliar sodium and chloride accumulated up to 4.0–5.5% d.w. with salinity treatment. However, ionic concentrations within corresponding leaves or distributions between leaves of plants with different phosphorus treatments were not influenced by phosphorus treatment and had no relationship to the severity of salt toxicity symptoms. This suggests that phosphorus deficiency reduced the cellular tolerance for ion accumulation. A combination of phosphorus deficiency and salinity induced an accumulation of foliar starch and sucrose despite substantial reductions in net CO2 assimilation rates. This accumulation did not occur if phosphorus nutrition was adequate, which is consistent with the roles of phosphorus in carbohydrate metabolism. It is proposed that adequate phosphorus nutrition is essential for effective ion compartmentation by contributing to efficient carbohydrate utilization in salt-stressed wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 107 (1988), S. 19-23 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Gaeumannomyces graminis ; pectolytic enzymes ; Phialophora graminicola ; Phialophora sp. ; virulence ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Gaeumannmyces graminis var.tritici (Ggt), Phialophora sp. (lobed hyphopodia) andPhialophora graminicola vere grown in a liquid medium with pectin and on autoclaved wheat roots (root media) and the activity of pectolytic enzymes in culture filtrates was measured. Most strains of the fungi exhibited polygalacturonate trans-eliminase activity but no pectin methylesterase activity was detected.Ggt polygalacturonase was found in culture filtrates from all the media used whilePhialophora sp. did not exhibit activity of this enzyme in the unbuffered root media. No polygalacturonase activity was demonstrated forP. graminicola. A correlation was found (r=0.548) betweenin vitro polygalacturonase activity and the pathogenicity ofGgt to wheat seedlings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 107 (1988), S. 137-143 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): mineral composition ; short-term flooding ; sodic soil ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In sodic soils of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains of Northern India, flooding for short periods often occurs during the growing season of wheat, leading to low yields. A field study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of short-term flooding on growth, yield and mineral composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn. emend. Fiori and Paol) in a sodic soil (pH 8.9, exchangeable sodium percentage 25). Flooding wheat for 2,4 and 6 days at the time of first irrigation (25-day old plants), significantly reduced tillering, plant height, delayed head emergence and resulted in 17.6, 29.0 and 46.7% reduction in grain yield, respectively, Flooding decreased oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) values, restricted root grwoth and reduced ion uptake, especially of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn and led to higher absorption of Na, Fe and Mn. Under the conditions of this experiment, the reduced growth and yield of wheat resulting from short-term flooding was not due to Mn, Fe and Na toxicity but may be due to reduced uptake of nutrients resulting from O2 deficiency in the soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): anther culture ; potassium nitrate ; pollen callus ; pollen plantlets ; albino ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract KNO3 concentration was found to significantly affect the anther culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). When KNO3 was increased from 0 to 15 mM (in cultivar Jinghua 1) or from 10 to 15 mM (in cultivars 2531-10, Xiaoyan 759 and Norin 10), the callus induction frequency increased significantly. When KNO3 was increased further above 20 mM, the callus induction frequency decreased significantly in all the tested cultivars. The subsequent frequency of green plantlet regeneration increased significantly, and the ratio of green to albino regenerants increased sharply when KNO3 concentration increased. Further experiments found that the decrease of callus induction frequency in the medium with too much KNO3 might be caused by NO3 - ion alone, while the effect of KNO3 on green plantlet regeneration might be caused by both K+ and NO3 - ions, and that the effects of NO3 - concentration were independent of NH4 + concentration in the medium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 97-110 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): wheat ; somatic embryogenesis ; embryogenic callus ; 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid ; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; 6-furfurylaminopurine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Nine experiments were conducted to determine effects of various culture medium addenda on induction of embryogenic calli from immature embryos of a responsiveTriticum aestivum L. genotype (PCYT 10). Effects were quatified by counting somatic embryos (embryoids) per callus. Optimal auxin concentrations to induce and maintain somatic embryogenesis were 3.62 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 9.05 μM 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba). In general, dicamba permitted formation of significantly more embryoids than 2,4-D. Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) at 2.56 μM or 4.65 μM significantly increased percentage scutellar callus when added to 2,4-D or dicamba-containing medium, respectively. Kinetin at 4.65 μM signficantly increased the numbers of embryoids formed when added to medium containing either synthetic auxin. Significantly fewer embryoids formed when cultures were incubated under diffuse light (16-h photoperiod). Casein hydrolysate (200 mgl-1) or L-arginine (0.23 mM) had no effect on numbers of embryoids formed, whereas L-tryptophan (0.20 mM) enhanced such formation with 2,4-D and decreased such formation with dicamba. Two additional experiments generally demonstrated that response to auxin source in the genotypes ND 7532, PCYT 20, Yaqui 50, and Oasis was similar to that in PCYT 10. The higher molar concentration of dicamba required to induce embryogenic callus coupled with more evident embryoid precocious germination and a more rapid rate of tissue necrosis upon extended incubation without subculture suggests that dicamba is metabolized more rapidly than 2,4-D inT. aestivum callus cultures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 12 (1988), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): callus ; plant regeneration ; isozymes ; wheat ; barley
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Callus cultures fron non-organogenic, young and one-year old, and morphogenic calli were used to assess the value of isozymes analysis for the prediction of morphogenic capacity by studying esterase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase. Basic isozyme patterns of each enzyme for the callus were retained in all the callus stages and in the callus which has differentiated into shoots. With the development of shoot and/or root some conspicuous isozymes appeared for esterase and acid phosphatase and some disappeared for peroxidase. As the isozyme changes became apparent only after shoot or root initiation these enzymes could not be used as markers to distinguish between morphogenic and non-morphogenic calli.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 15 (1988), S. 123-136 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): corn ; soybean ; wheat ; maximum yield ; optimum yield ; Bray P1 ; exchangeable K
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Data from 32 years of a rotation-fertility experiment were analyzed to determine the average P and K application rates required for maximum yield and for optimum yield. A four-year rotation of corn, soybean, wheat, hay was used for the first 10 years and then changed to corn-1, soybean, wheat, corn-2. Rates of P application per 4-year rotation ranged from 0 to 196 kg ha−1 and for K from 0 to 558 kg ha−1. Multiple regression equations were fitted to the mean yields per 4-year rotation for the response of each crop to P and K applications. The range in P application rates in kg of P per 4-year rotation required to get maximum yields of corn was 118 to 172, for soybeans was 134 to 150, and for wheat was 116 to 138. The range in K application rates in kg K per 4-year rotation to get maximum yields of corn was 378 to 411, for soybeans was 324 and 476, and for wheat was 11 to 323. For rates of application where P and K added exceeded crop removals, soil test P and K increased linearly with the cumulative positive balance of P and K. Where crop removal exceeded application rate, no relation was found between crop removal and soil test.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 7 (1988), S. 3-17 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): Abscisic acid (ABA) content ; barley ; genetic variation ; grain weight ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Two genetically related wheat lines growing in cabinets were given different temperatures during grain filling, and abscisic acid (ABA) was measured in whole grains by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector. Three genetically related barley lines grown in the field were assayed for ABA content in endosperm and embryo fractions separately by radiommunoassay. Maximum grain growth rate and final weight per grain of the two wheat lines differed by 50–60% at low temperature and 30–40% at high temperature. During grain development two peaks in ABA level were observed at low temperature but only one at high temperature. At times when differences in grain growth rate between genotypes and between temperature treatments were large, the corresponding differences in ABA concentration were small. In barley, one line (Iabo 14) had 30% heavier grains than the other two (Onice and Opale). Endosperm ABA concentrations showed no clear differences between genotypes until grain filling was nearly complete. Embryo ABA levels were up to 10-times greater than those in the endosperm, with Opale having significantly less ABA in the embryo than the other two cultivars. Our experiments did not provide evidence for a causal relationship between ABA levels during grain filling and grain growth rate or final weight.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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