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  • AERODYNAMICS
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
  • Fisheries
  • Witterung
  • 2020-2024  (8)
  • 1950-1954  (59)
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Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Con sus 220 km2 la región geográfica de Bahía de Nipe es el mayor acuatorio en su tipo en Cuba, donde se encuentran representaciones de diversos ecosistemas a lo largo de sus costas. Los asentamientos humanos y sus múltiples actividades productivas de importancia y magnitud, le dan a esta bahía relevancia como recurso natural que sustenta usos estratégicos para el país.
    Description: Other
    Keywords: Contaminación ; Metales pesados ; Fuentes contaminantes ; Pesquerías ; Pollution ; Heavy metals ; Plaguicides ; Fisheries ; Plaguicidas ; Sources pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-01-11
    Description: The 60–80s of the last century were the period of the most rapid development of commercial oceanology in the Azov and Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (AzCherNIRO, further renamed YugNIRO). In addition to the monitoring of oceanographic processes, it was involved in the areas of general marine ecology, monitoring of marine pollution, and space oceanology. Oceanographic information is used in forecasting the state of aquatic ecosystems at various timescales and is crucial for fishing forecasts. In 1981, a satellite data reception center was established in AzCherNIRO. In the 80–90s, in YugNIRO, an optimal procedure was created for multidimensional predictive monitoring of the state of the Black Sea ecosystem. In September 1986, within the Laboratory of Commercial Oceanology of the Black Sea, a group for the conservation of marine ecosystems was created, which turned into a sector in January 1989, and into a separate laboratory in December 1996. Its reasearchers carried out multidisciplinary environmental studies, investigating the ecological status of the aquatic areas affected by the facilities of the marine industry during their operation, monitoring the level of soil contamination, and excercising the toxicological control of fish and fish products. YugNIRO oceanological studies conducted in the World Ocean from the early 1970s to the early 1990s made it possible to link the productivity and catches of exploitable species to the atmospheric circulation, changes in the climatic fields of currents, as well as to the geo- and heliophysical factors, which enabled the fishing predictions with a one-year lead time or more for the fishing areas of the Central, Southeastern and Southwestern Indian Ocean, the Patagonian Shelf, and the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica. In the 70–90s and early 2000s, YugNIRO conducted marine geological studies facilitating fishing operations and environmental protection in the Gulf of Aden, on the bottom elevations of the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Ocean, in the Antarctic Shelf area, and in the Black and Azov Seas. This article lays down the current major goals and prospects of commercial oceanology.
    Description: 60–80-е годы прошедшего столетия были в АзЧерНИРО (ЮгНИРО) периодом наиболее активного развития промысловой океанологии. Кроме мониторинга океанографических процессов она начала внедряться в сферы общей экологии моря, мониторинга загрязнения моря, космической океанологии. Океанографическая информация используется при разработке прогнозов состояния водных экосистем различной заблаговременности и является неотъемлемой составляющей рыбопромысловых прогнозов. В 1981 г. в АзЧерНИРО был создан центр приема спутниковой информации. В 1980–1990-х гг. в ЮгНИРО была создана оптимальная для Черного моря схема комплексного прогностического мониторинга состояния его экосистемы. В сентябре 1986 г. в составе лаборатории промысловой океанологии Черного моря была создана группа, в январе 1989 г. — сектор, в декабре 1996 г. — лаборатория охраны морских экосистем. Сотрудниками лаборатории проводились комплексные экологические исследования состояния акваторий предприятий морехозяйственого комплекса в условиях их производственной деятельности, контроль уровня загрязненности почв, токсикологический контроль рыбы и рыбопродукции. Океанологические исследования ЮгНИРО, проводимые в Мировом океане с начала 1970-х до начала 1990-х гг., позволили получить систему связей урожайности и вылова промысловых объектов с особенностями атмосферной циркуляции, изменениями макромасштабных полей течений, гео- и гелиофизическими факторам для прогноза промысловых характеристик с заблаговременностью год и более в промысловых районах центральной, юго-восточной и юго-западной частей Индийского океана, в районе Патагонского шельфа, в индоокеанском секторе Антарктики. Выполнение морских геологических работ в рыбопромысловых и природоохранных целях проводилось ЮгНИРО в 1970–1990-х и в начале 2000-х гг. в Аденском заливе, на поднятиях тропической и субтропической частей Индийского океана, на шельфе Антарктиды, в Черном и Азовском морях. В статье формулируются основные современные цели и пути развития промысловой океанологии.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Commercial oceanography ; Marine geology ; Ecosystems ; Fisheries ; Промысловая океанография ; Морская геология ; Экосистемы ; АзЧерНИРО ; ЮгНИРО ; Промысловые прогнозы ; Океанографическая информация ; Океанологические исследования ; YugNIRO ; AzCherNIRO ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery oceanography ; ASFA_2015::F::Forecasting ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery institutions ; ASFA_2015::M::Monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.159-169
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Description: La producción de ostión en Cuba aumenta hacia el este, y los máximos de abundancia y captura se presentan en la zona costera cercana a la cuenca del río Cauto, en la región correspondiente al municipio Manzanillo, provincia de Granma. En esta región habitan el ostión de mangle antillano (Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828), y el ostión americano (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791). Aunque la tendencia histórica ha sido al incremento, posterior a 2013 (853 t) la producción promedio anual disminuye a 307 t. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado actual del recurso ostión y su aprovechamiento industrial en la región del golfo de Guacanayabo, en relación a la situación ambiental de sus hábitats. Se realizó un diagnóstico de la pesquería de ostión y de la gestión ambiental de la pesca extractiva para determinar impactos ecosistémicos. Se identificaron como principales factores de impacto negativo, que inciden sobre las poblaciones de ostión y sus hábitats, el incumplimiento del periodo de veda, el manejo inadecuado de la pesca extractiva, y eventos de contaminación, que afectan los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos del manglar y reducen las poblaciones de ostión. Se propone la ostricultura artesanal como alternativa pesquera sostenible y se proyectó un plan de producción de ostión para 2023-2030. Se estimó que a calidad ambiental de la región donde se desarrollan las especies de interés es adecuada para su desarrollo.
    Description: Oyster production in Cuba increases to the east, and the maximum abundance and catch occur in the coastal zone near the Cauto river basin, in the region corresponding to the Manzanillo municipality, Granma province. The West Indian mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828), and the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791) inhabit this region. Although the historical trend has been to increase, after 2013 (853 t) the average annual production decreases to 307 t. The objective of this research was to evaluate the current state of the oyster resource and its industrial use in the region of the Guacanayabo Gulf, in relation to the environmental situation of its habitats. A diagnosis of the oyster fishery and the environmental management of extractive fishing was carried out to determine ecosystem impacts. The main factors of negative impact, which affect oyster populations and their habitats, were identified as non-compliance with the closed season, inadequate management of extractive fishing, and pollution events, which affect the goods and ecosystem services of the mangrove and reduce oyster populations. Artisanal oyster farming is proposed as a sustainable fishing alternative and an oyster production plan was projected for 2023-2030. It is estimated that the environmental quality of the region where the species of interest develop is adequate for their development.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Golfo de Guacanayabo ; Gestión ambiental ; Pesquería ; Ostricultura ; Gulf of Guacanayabo ; Environmental management ; Fisheries ; Ostrich farming
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: To ensure the long-term sustainable use of African Great Lakes (AGL), and to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems, authorities, managers and scientists need regularly collected scientific data and information of key environmental indicators over multi-years to make informed decisions. Monitoring is regularly conducted at some sites across AGL; while at others sites, it is rare or conducted irregularly in response to sporadic funding or short-term projects/studies. Managers and scientists working on the AGL thus often lack critical long-term data to evaluate and gauge ongoing changes. Hence, we propose a multi-lake approach to harmonize data collection modalities for better understanding of regional and global environmental impacts on AGL. Climate variability has had strong impacts on all AGL in the recent past. Although these lakes have specific characteristics, their limnological cycles show many similarities. Because different anthropogenic pressures take place at the different AGL, harmonized multilake monitoring will provide comparable data to address the main drivers of concern (climate versus regional anthropogenic impact). To realize harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring, the approach will need: (1) support of a wide community of researchers and managers; (2) political goodwill towards a common goal for such monitoring; and (3) sufficient capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, human and logistic resources) for its implementation. This paper presents an assessment of the state of monitoring the AGL and possible approaches to realize a long-term, multi-lake harmonized monitoring strategy. Key parameters are proposed. The support of national and regional authorities is necessary as each AGL crosses international boundaries.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101988
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Biodiversity ; Climate change ; Erosion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: This draft White Paper has been prepared as part of the Vision 2030 process of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (hereafter, Ocean Decade). The Vision 2030 process aims to identify tangible measures of success for each of the ten Ocean Decade Challenges by 2030. From a starting point of existing initiatives underway in the Ocean Decade and beyond, and through a lens of priority user needs, the process determines critical gaps in science and knowledge, needs for capacity development, priority datasets, infrastructure, and technology for each Challenge. Focusing investments in science and knowledge to address these needs will help ensure progress towards meeting each critical Challenge by the end of the Ocean Decade in 2030. The results of the process will contribute to the scoping of future Decade Actions, identification of resource mobilisation priorities, and ensure relevance of the Challenges over time. This draft White Paper is one of a series of ten White Papers, all of which have been authored by an expert Working Group and discussed at the 2024 Ocean Decade Conference. A synthesis report, authored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO/IOC), will accompany the White Papers. With a substantial portion of people depending on the ocean as a primary source of nutrition and livelihood, a significant challenge comes into focus: How can we ensure that the ocean's resources continue to effectively nourish an expanding global population? The Ocean Decade responds to this critical concern through its Challenge 3: “Sustainably nourish the global population”.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Food ; Agriculture ; Sustainable economy ; Fisheries ; World population ; Ocean economy ; Nutrition ; Aquatic foods ; Aquaculture ; Sustainable production ; Forward look ; Vision paper
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 33pp.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: In a marine environment that is rapidly changing due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, area-based management tools are often used to mitigate threats and conserve biodiversity. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are amongst the most widespread and recognized marine conservation tools worldwide, however, MPAs alone are inadequate to address the environmental crisis. The promotion of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) under draft Target 3 of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, i.e., conserving 30% of marine areas by 2030, holds promise to acknowledge sites and practices occurring beyond MPAs that contribute to conservation. Here, we evaluate the potential recognition of OECMs into Indonesia's national policy framework on marine resource management and provide the first-ever overview of distribution and types of potential marine OECMs in Indonesia, including a review of the existing evidence on conservation effectiveness. We identified 〉 390 potential marine OECMs, led by government, customary and local communities, or the private sector, towards diverse management objectives, including habitat protection, traditional/customary management, fisheries, tourism, or other purposes. While some evidence exists regarding the conservation effectiveness of these practices, the long-term impacts on biodiversity of all potential marine OECMs in Indonesia are unknown. Many OECM elements have been included in several national policies, yet there are no established mechanisms to identify, recognize and report sites as OECMs in Indonesia. We propose four transformational strategies for future OECM recognition in Indonesia, namely: (i) safeguard customary and traditional communities, (ii) leverage cross-sector and cross-scale collaboration, (iii) focus on delivering outcomes, and (iv) streamline legal frameworks. Our study shows that OECMs have the potential to play a significant role in underpinning marine area-based conservation in Indonesia, including supporting the Government of Indonesia in reaching national and international conservation targets and goals.
    Keywords: Area-based management ; Biodiversity conservation ; Customary management ; Fisheries ; Co-management ; Sustainable marine management
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: living marine resources ; Forecasting ; prediction ; fish ; Fisheries ; Seasonal to Decadal Prediction ; Climate services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book explores fishing livelihoods in the context of the wider contexts in which they are embedded. Drawing on case studies from across the Asia-Pacific region, the book highlights how fishing livelihoods are shaped by globalisation, social relationships and governance. The book concludes by showing how better understanding these relationships can contribute to governance for healthier ecosystems and social wellbeing. This is an open access book. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; marine social science ; fishing livelihoods in the Asia-Pacific ; sustainable fishing ; environmental sustainability ; food security ; coastal conservation ; fish stocks ; fisheries governance ; Fishing livelihoods and social diversity ; Fishing livelihoods and wellbeing ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGB Physical geography and topography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    In:  Gesunde Pflanzen 6; p.166-168
    Publication Date: 1954
    Description: Der Autor erklärt das massenhafte Auftreten verschiedener Blattlausarten Ende Mai 1954 mit trockenem warmem Wetter und nennt 19°C Tagesmitteltemperatur und Schwachwindigkeit als Fluginitiator für die Blattläuse. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Berlin, Hannover, Bonn ; 1954 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Witterung
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  • 10
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    In:  Zeitschr. Acker- und Pflanzenbau 98: 145-186
    Publication Date: 1954
    Description: Zusammenwirken von N, P und K bei der Ertragsbildung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland, Versuchsstationen ; 1900-1953 ; Ertrag ; Witterung ; Düngung
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  • 11
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    In:  Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Zentralanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 79
    Publication Date: 1954
    Description: Zusammenfassender Bericht über die in den Jahren 1947-1952 in Westdeutschland durchgeführten Untersuchungen zur Epidemiologie, Verbreitung, wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung und Bekämpfung dieser Virose KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Hauptbefallsgebiete sind solche, mit mildem Winterklima, in denen die langjährigen Mittelwerte des kältesten Monats Januar nicht unter 0°C abfallen; KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer) -, dann Delta t(Individualentwicklung der Überträger)- und Massenentwicklung (der Überträger) +; Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer)-, dann Vergilbungsschäden +; Delta T - und Delta Lichtintensität -, dann Wirkung des Virus -;
    Keywords: Westdeutschland ; 1947-1952 ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Düngung
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-TN-3283
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The trajectories of droplets in the air flowing past an NACA 65AO04 airfoil at an angle of attack of 8 deg were determined.. The amount of water in droplet form impinging on the airfoil, the area of droplet impingement, and the rate of droplet impingement per unit area on the airfoil surface were calculated from the trajectories and presented to cover a large range of flight and atmospheric conditions. These impingement characteristics are compared briefly with those previously reported for the same airfoil at an angle of attack of 4 deg.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-3155
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects of primary and runback ice formations on the section drag of a 36 deg swept NACA 63A-009 airfoil section with a partial-span leading-edge slat were studied over a range of angles of attack from 2 to 8 deg and airspeeds up to 260 miles per hour for icing conditions with liquid-water contents ranging from 0.39 to 1.23 grams per cubic meter and datum air temperatures from 10 to 25 F. The results with slat retracted showed that glaze-ice formations caused large and rapid increases in section drag coefficient and that the rate of change in section drag coefficient for the swept 63A-009 airfoil was about 2-1 times that for an unswept 651-212 airfoil. Removal of the primary ice formations by cyclic de-icing caused the drag to return almost to the bare-airfoil drag value. A comprehensive study of the slat icing and de-icing characteristics was prevented by limitations of the heating system and wake interference caused by the slat tracks and hot-gas supply duct to the slat. In general, the studies showed that icing on a thin swept airfoil will result in more detrimental aerodynamic characteristics than on a thick unswept airfoil.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-RM-E53J30
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Trajectories of water droplets about an ellipsoid of revolution with a fineness ratio of 5 (which often approximates the shape of an aircraft fuselage or missile) were computed with the aid of a differential analyzer. Analyses of these trajectories indicate that the local concentration of liquid water at various points about an ellipsoid in flight through a droplet field varies considerably and under some conditions may be several times the free-stream concentration. Curves of the local concentration factor as a function of spatial position were obtained and are presented in terms of dimensionless parameters Re(sub 0) (free-stream Reynolds number) and K (inertia), which contain flight and atmospheric conditions. These curves show that the local concentration factor at any point is very sensitive to change in the dimensionless parameters Re(sub 0) and K. These data indicate that the expected local concentration factors should be considered when choosing the location of, or when determining antiicing heat requirements for, water- or ice-sensitive devices that protrude into the stream from an aircraft fuselage or missile. Similarly, the concentration factor should be considered when choosing the location on an aircraft of instruments that measure liquid-water content or droplet-size distribution in the atmosphere.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-3153
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TR-1159
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An experimental investigation was conducted in a 3.84- by 10-inch tunnel to determine the mass transfer by sublimation, heat transfer, and skin friction for an iced surface on a flat plate for Mach numbers of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 and pressure altitudes to 30,000 feet. Measurements of rates of sublimation were also made for a Mach number of 1.3 at a pressure altitude of 30,000 feet. The results show that the parameters of sublimation and heat transfer were 40 to 50 percent greater for an iced surface than was the bare-plate heat-transfer parameter. For iced surfaces of equivalent roughness, the ratio of sublimation to heat-transfer parameters was found to be 0.90. The sublimation data obtained at a Mach number of 1.3 showed no appreciable deviation from that obtained at subsonic speeds. The data obtained indicate that sublimation as a means of removing ice formations of appreciable thickness is usually too slow to be of mach value in the de-icing of aircraft at high altitudes.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-3104
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The presence of radomes and instruments that are sensitive to water films or ice formations in the nose section of all-weather aircraft and missiles necessitates a knowledge of the droplet impingement characteristics of bodies of revolution. Because it is possible to approximate many of these bodies with an ellipsoid of revolution, droplet trajectories about an ellipsoid of revolution with a fineness ratio of 5 were computed for incompressible axisymmetric air flow. From the computed droplet trajectories, the following impingement characteristics of the ellipsoid surface were obtained and are presented in terms of dimensionless parameters: (1) total rate of water impingement, (2) extent of droplet impingement zone, (3) distribution of impinging water, and (4) local rate of water impingement.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-3099
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79864 , NACA-TN-3062
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79844 , NACA-TR-1198 , NACA-TN-3018
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  • 21
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    In:  Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 3, p. 518-529
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Untersuchungen zum Ausbleiben des erwarteten starken Befalls im Herbst 1952 und Vergleich mit bereits veröffentlichten Erkenntnissen zum Massenwechsel des Rapserdflohs; KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit des Massenwechsels des Rapserdflohs von der Witterung (Temperatur) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -: Delta T (August, September) -, dann Zuwanderung der Rapserdflöhe -;
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1953 ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Raps
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  • 22
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    In:  Gesunde Pflanzen 5: 261-263
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beschreibung der Auswirkungen von Spätfrösten auf den Ertrag von verschiedenen frostempfindlichen Kulturpflanzen (Winter-Gerste, Erbsen, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Ertrag (Erbsen) --; Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Erntezeitpunkt (Kartoffeln) + (später);
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1952 ; Kartoffeln ; Anbautermine ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Wachstum ; Wassermangel ; Witterung ; Frost ; Gerste ; Erbsen
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beobachtungen zu den wichtigsten Massenwechselphasen, welche phänologisch mit Hilfe der Temperatursummenregel ausgewertet wurden sowie Beobachtungen zum Einfluss des Mikroklimas auf die Flugphase KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen den wichtigsten Massenwechselperioden und der Temperatur, angegeben mit der mittleren Temperatursumme ab dem Eintritt des Vorfrühlings (Schneeglöckchenblüte); Einfluss von flugbegrenzenden Faktoren (Licht, Wind, Niederschlag) und flugbeeinflussenden Faktoren (Temperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit) KATASTER-DETAIL: Temperatursumme = 160°C, dann Schlüpfen der ersten Fundatrixlarven; Temperatursumme = 360°C, dann Eintreten erster reifer Fundatrizen; Temperatursumme = 600°C, dann Reife der ersten fundatrigenen Fliegen und Anfang des fundatrigenen Zufluges; Temperatursumme = 1000-1050°C, dann Ende des fundatrigenen Zufluges und Anfang des virginogenen Zufluges; temperatursumme = 2280-2420°C, dann Ende des virginogenen Zufluges; Delta Lichtintensität + und Windgeschwindigkeit 〈 0,6m/s und T(Blattoberfläche ) 〉= 17°C, bzw. T (Luft) 〉= 15-16°C und Delta Nied -, dann Abflug +; Delta T +, dann Ablfug +, T 〉 20-26°C, dann Abflug -; Relf = 60%, dann optimaler Bereich für Abflug;
    Keywords: Quedlinburg, Thüringen ; 1949-1952 ; Luftfeuchte ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung
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  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, p. 143-148
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Bericht über die Untersuchungen zur Frage der Abhängigkeit der Imagines von klimatischen Faktoren KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Wind, Sonnenscheindauer, Luftfeuchte) auf die Flugaktivität KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: T= 18°C, dann Höchstwert an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern; T 〉 18°C oder T 〈 18°C, dann Zahl an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern -; Delta Sonn +, dann Flugaktivität +; T = 23°C und Relf = 70%, dann Optimum der Flugaktivität; T = 13°C, dann Flugaktivität verhindert Delta Wind +: Wind 〉 1m/s, dann Flugaktivität vermindert, Wind 〉 2m/s, dann Flugaktivität stark gehemmt
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1952 ; Insekten ; Luftfeuchte ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Conference on aerodynamics of high speed aircraft
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-57121
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-05-23
    Description: Drag measurements at low lift of four-nacelle aircraft configuration with longitudinal distribution of cross-sectional area conducive to low transonic drag rise
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-RM-L53E29
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-RM-A53G08
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An analysis of combined heat and mass transfer from a flat plate has been made in terms of Prandtl t s simplified physical concept of the turbulent boundary layer. The results of the analysis show that for conditions of reasonably small heat and mass transfer, the ratio of the mass-and heat-transfer coefficients is dependent on the Reynolds number of the boundary layer, the Prandtl number of the medium of diffusion, and the Schmidt number of the diffusing fluid in the medium of diffusion. For the particular case of water evaporating into air, the ratio of mass-transfer coefficient to heat-transfer coefficient is found to be slightly greater than unity.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-3045
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2904
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2903
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Calculations have been made for the icing limit of a diamond airfoil at zero angle of attack in terms of the stream Mach number, stream temperature, and pressure altitude. The icing limit is defined as a wetted-surface temperature of 320 F and is related to the stream conditions by the method of Hardy. The results show that the point most likely to ice on the airfoil lies immediately behind the shoulder and is subject to possible icing at Mach numbers as high as 1.4.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-TN-2861
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-RM-E53C26
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects of primary and. runback icing and frost formations on the drag of an 8-foot-chord NACA 651-212 airfoil section were investigated over a range of angles of attack from 20 to 80 and airspeeds up to 260 miles per hour for icing conditions with liquid-water contents ranging from 0.25 to 1.4 grams per cubic meter and datum air temperatures of -30 to 30 F. The results showed that glaze-ice formations, either primary or runback, on the upper surface near the leading edge of the airfoil caused large and rapid increases in drag, especially at datum air temperatures approaching 32 F and in the presence of high rates of water catch. Ice formations at lower temperatures (rime ice) did not appreciably increase the drag coefficient over the initial (standard roughness) drag coefficient. Cyclic de-icing of the primary Ice formations on the airfoil leading-edge section permitted the drag coefficient to return almost to the bare airfoil drag value. Runback icing on the lower surface did not present a serious drag problem except when heavy spanwise ridges of runback ice occurred aft of the heatable area. Frost formations caused rapid and large increases in drag with incipient stalling of the airfoil.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-TN-2962
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Convective heat-transfer coefficients in dry air were obtained for an ellipsoidal spinner of 30-inch maximum diameter for both stationary and rotating operation over a range of conditions including airspeeds up to 275 miles per hour, rotational speeds up to 1200 rpm, and angles of attack of zero and 40 The results are presented in terms of Nusselt numbers, Reynolds numbers, and convective heat-transfer coefficients. The studies included both uniform heating densities over the spinner and uniform surface temperatures.. In general, the results showed that rotation will increase the convective heat transfer from a spinner, especially in the turbulent-flow regions. Rotation of the spinner at 1200 rpm and at a free-stream velocity of 275 miles per hour increased the Nusselt number parameter in the turbulent-flow region by 32 percent over that obtained with a stationary spinner; whereas in the nose region, where the flow was laminar, an increase of only 18 percent was observed. Transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurred over a large range of Reynolds numbers primarily because of surface roughness of the spinner. Operation at an angle of attack of 40 had only small effects on the local convective heat transfer for the model studied.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-RM-E53F02
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects of existing frictional heating were analyzed to determine the conditions under which ice formations on aircraft surfaces can be prevented. A method is presented for rapidly determining by means of charts the combination of-Mach number, altitude, and stream temperature which will maintain an ice-free surface in an icing cloud. The method can be applied to both subsonic and supersonic flow. The charts presented are for Mach numbers up to 1.8 and pressure altitudes from sea level to 45,000 feet.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2914
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The general effect of wing sweep on cloud-droplet trajectories about swept wings of high aspect ratio moving at subsonic speeds is discussed. A method of computing droplet trajectories about yawed cylinders and swept wings is presented, and illustrative droplet trajectories are computed. A method of extending two-dimensional calculations of droplet impingement on nonswept wings to swept wings is presented. It is shown that the extent of impingement of cloud droplets on an airfoil surface, the total rate of collection of water, and the local rate of impingement per unit area of airfoil surface can be found for a swept wing from two-dimensional data for a nonswept wing. The impingement on a swept wing is obtained from impingement data for a nonswept airfoil section which is the same as the section in the normal plane of the swept wing by calculating all dimensionless parameters with respect to flow conditions in the normal plane of the swept wing.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2931
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Trajectories were determined for droplets in air flowing through 90 deg elbows especially designed for two-dimensional potential motion with low pressure losses. The elbows were established by selecting as walls of each elbow two streamlines of the flow field produced by a complex potential function that establishes a two-dimensional flow around a 90 deg bend. An unlimited number of elbows with slightly different shapes can be established by selecting different pairs of streamlines as walls. The elbows produced by the complex potential function selected are suitable for use in aircraft air-intake ducts. The droplet impingement data derived from the trajectories are presented along with equations in such a manner that the collection efficiency, the area, the rate, and the distribution of droplet impingement can be determined for any elbow defined by any pair of streamlines within a portion of the flow field established by the complex potential function. Coordinates for some typical streamlines of the flow field and velocity components for several points along these streamlines are presented in tabular form.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2999
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The trajectories of droplets in the air flowing past an NACA 65A004 a irfoil at an angle of attack of 4 deg were determined. The amount of water in droplet form impinging on the airfoil, the area of droplet impingement, and the rate of droplet impingement per unit area on the airfoil surface were calculated from the trajectories and presented to cover a large range of flight and atmospheric conditions. The effect of a change in airfoil thickness from 12 to 4 percent at 4 deg angle of attack is presented by comparing the impingement calculations for the NACA 65A004 airfoil with those for the NACA 65(sub 1)-208 and 65(sub 1)-212 airfoils. The rearward limit of impingement on the upper surface decreases as the airfoil thickness decreases. The rearward limit of impingement on the lower surface increases with a decrease in airfoil t hickness. The total water intercepted decreases as the airfoil thickness is decreased.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-3047
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation has been made in the NACA Lewis icing research tunnel to determine the aerodynamic and icing characteristics of a full-scale induction-system air-scoop assembly incorporating a flush alternate inlet. The flush inlet was located immediately downstream of the offset ram inlet and included a 180 deg reversal and a 90 deg elbow in the ducting between inlet and carburetor top deck. The model also had a preheat-air inlet. The investigation was made over a range of mass-air- flow ratios of 0 to 0.8, angles of attack of 0 and 4 deg airspeeds of 150 to 270 miles per hour, air temperatures of 0 and 25 F various liquid-water contents, and droplet sizes. The ram inlet gave good pressure recovery in both clear air and icing but rapid blockage of the top-deck screen occurred during icing. The flush alternate inlet had poor pressure recovery in both clear air and icing. The greatest decreases in the alternate-inlet pressure recovery were obtained at icing conditions of low air temperature and high liquid-water content. No serious screen icing was observed with the alternate inlet. Pressure and temperature distributions on the carburetor top deck were determined using the preheat-air supply with the preheat- and alternate-inlet doors in various positions. No screen icing occurred when the preheat-air system was operated in combination with alternate-inlet air flow.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-RM-E53E07
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  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Mitt. Obstbauvers. ring Altes Land, York 7:102-115.
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Bericht über die Folgen des Spätfrostes im Jahr 1952 an verschiedenen Obstbaumarten (Äpfel, Birnen, Kirschen, Beeren) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag von Obstbäumen. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Januar, Februar, März) +, dann Vegetationsbeginn - (früher); Delta Nied (Februar-Mai) -, dann Ertrag (Boskoop, Coulon, Kehdinger Rambur, Cox) -; Delta T (Mai) - : T 〈 0 °C(Spätfröste), dann Schäden der Früchte an Obstbäumen -;
    Keywords: Niederelbe ; 1952 ; Apfel ; Kirsche ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Frost ; Obst ; Birne
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Untersuchungen über zusammenhänge zwischen Düngung und Ertrag, Witterung und Ertragsbildung, sowie Witterung und Düngewirkung bei den Hauptfrüchten (Winterroggen, Hafer, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) und der Ertragsbildung sowie zischen der Witterung und der Wirkung der Düngungsarten (mineralisch und organisch) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (März) + und Delta Nied (März) -, dann Trockenschäden an Winterroggen +; kritische Periode (Winterroggen): Wasserversorgung gegen Ende der Blüte; Delta Nied (1. Junihälfte), dann Erträge (Winterroggen) +; Delta T (März) +, dann Schädigung (Hafer) +; Delta T (März) - und Delta Nied (März) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Ende der Blüte) + und Delta T (Ende August) +, dann Erträge (Kartoffeln) +; Delta Nied (kurz vor dem Ähren- bzw. Rispenschieben) -, dann relative Leistung der organischen Düngung (Winterroggen und Hafer) +; Delta Nied (kurz vor dem Ähren- bzw. Rispenschieben) +, dann Leistung der mineralischen Düngung (Winterroggen und Hafer) +; Delta Nied + (steigend), dann Wirkung mineralischer Düngung +; Delta Nied (Juni) -, dann Wirkung organischer Düngung +,
    Keywords: Thyrow, Brandenburg ; 1936-1952 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Roggen ; Witterung ; Düngung
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  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Z. f. Acker- und Pflanzenbau 95:233-260
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen der Temperatur und dem Niederschlag zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: (Einteilung in Dekaden) zu verschiedenen, ertragsrelevanten Zeiträumen (Blühreife, Anlagestadium, Knospenstadium und Blütenstadium) von Apfel und Birnen und Zusammenhang zu Niederschlag und Temperatur bei verschiedenen Sorten KATASTER-DETAIL: Nied+(〉30mm) (Knospendifferenzierung, 20.6-20.7. des Vorjahres), Nied+(〉70mm im März), Nied+ (〉20mm 1-10 Tage vor der Blüte), Tmit*(Tmin 〈-2°C als Nachftrost kritisch, vor, währed und 30 Tage nach der Blüte) und Nied- (〈70mm, bis 30 Tage nach der Blüte) führten zu hohen Erträgen
    Keywords: Baden-Württemberg, Hohenheim ; 1936-1947 ; Apfel ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Frost ; Obst ; Birne
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  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Landw. Forsch. Darmstadt, 2. Sonderheft: 51-60
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Überblick über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Klima bzw. Witterung und Pflanzenqualität von Ackerfrüchten, Wiesengräsern, Obst, Gemüse, Gewürzpflanzen und Wein KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenschein, Strahlung) auf die Qualität verschiedener Anbaukulturen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Erntezeit) + und Delta Nied (Erntezeit) -, dann Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) -; Delta T (Erntezeit) - und Delta Nied (Erntezeit) +, dann Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) +; Delta T (Zeit der Kornausbildung) ++ und Delta Nied (Zeit der Kornausbildung) -, dann Stärkegehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) - und Einweißgehalt der Körner + sowie Größe der Körner -; Delta T (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) + und Delta Sonn (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) + und Delta Nied (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) -, dann besserer Kleber und gute Backfähigkeit; Delta blaue Strahlung +, dann Einweißgehalt - und Kleberqualität +; Delta Nied (Juni, Juli) +, dann Fermenttätigkeit +; Informationen zu den anderen Anbaukulturen: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1. Hälfte 20. Jahrhundert ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Obst ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Wein ; Gemüse
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  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 2, Nr. 2/3, p. 256-315
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen zur Biologie, Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung des Rübenderbrüßlers KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einflüsse der Witterung auf die Entwicklung und das Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T und Delta Nied und Delta Sonn: T(Boden)〉8°C und Delta Nied -, Delta T (Luft) + und Delta Sonn +, dann Verlassen des Bodens; Delta T -, dann Unterbrechungen der Abwanderung +; Delta T und Delta Sonn: T〉=22°C und Sonnenschein, dann Flug; Delta T: T〉= 15-17°C, dann Reifung; T=26,2°C und Relf=30-37%, dann maximale Eizahl; T〈2°C, dann Erstarrungszustand; Delta Nied (Mai, Juni) -, dann Massenauftreten +; Delta T +, dann Eizahl +;
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1950 ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-RM-A52B06
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was conducted in the NACA Lewis icing research tunnel to determine the characteristics and requirements of cyclic deicing of a 65,2-216 airfoil by use of an external electric heater. The present investigation was limited to an airspeed of 175 miles per hour. Data are presented to show the effects of variations in heat-on and heat-off periods, ambient air temperature, liquid-water content, angle of attack, and. heating distribution on the requirements for cyclic deicing. The external heat flow at various icing and heating conditions is also presented. A continuously heated parting strip at the airfoil leading edge was found necessary for quick, complete, and consistent ice removal. The cyclic power requirements were found to be primarily a function of the datum temperature and heat-on time, with the other operating and meteorological variables having a second-order effect. Short heat-on periods and high power densities resulted in the most efficient ice removal, the minimum energy input, and the minimum runback ice formations. The optimum chordwise heating distribution pattern was found to consist of a uniform distribution of cycled power density in the impingement region. Downstream of the impingement region the power density decreased to the limits of heating which, for the conditions investigated, extended from 5.7 percent chord on the upper surface of the airfoil to 8.9 percent chord on the lower surface. Ice removal did not take place at a heater surface temperature of 32 F; surface temperatures of approximately 50 to 100 F were required to effect removal. Better de-icing performance and greater energy savings would be possible with a heater having a higher thermal efficiency.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-RM-E51J30
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the temperature profiles downstream of heated air jets directed at angles of 90 deg, 60 deg, 45 deg, and 30 deg to an air stream. The profiles were determined at two positions downstream of the jet as a function of jet diameter, jet density, jet velocity, free-stream density, free-stream velocity, jet total temperature, orifice flow coefficient, and jet angle. A method is presented which yields a good approximation of the temperature profile in terms of the flow and geometric conditions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2855
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An NACA 65(sub 1)-212 airfoil of 8-foot chord was provided with a gas-heated leading edge for investigations of cyclical de-icing. De-icing was accomplished with intermittent heating of airfoil segments that supplied hot gas to chordwise passages in a double-skin construction. Ice removal was facilitated by a spanwise leading-edge parting strip which was continuously heated from the gas-supply duct. Preliminary results demonstrate that satisfactory cyclical ice removal occurs with ratios of cycle time to heat-on period (cycle ratio) from 10 to 26. For minimum runback, efficient ice removal, and minimum total heat input, short heat-on periods of about 15 seconds with heat-off periods of 260 seconds gave the best results. In the range of conditions investigated, the prime variables in the determination of the required heat input for cyclical ice removal were the air temperature and the cycle ratio; heat-off period, liquid water content, airspeed, and angle of attack had only secondary effects on heat input rate.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-RM-E51J29
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The trajectories of droplets in the air flowing past an NACA 651-212 airfoil at an angle of attack of 40 were determined. The collection efficiency, the area of droplet impingement, and the rate of droplet impingement were calculated from the trajectories and are presented herein.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-RM-E52B12
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2799
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  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Mitt. Biol. Zentralanst. 70; Berlin-Dahlem; p.11-14
    Publication Date: 1951
    Description: Der Autor beschreibt die Zusammenhänge zwischen Luftdruckänderungen und dem Auftreten bakterieller Erkrankungen bei Menschen und v.a. Pflanzen. Hierbei findet er heraus, daß steigender Luftdruck bakterielle Infektionen fördert, während fallender Luftdruck diese hemmt. Des Weiteren findet er Korrelationen (nicht abgebildet) zwischen Charakterzahlen des Erdmagnetfeldes und Infektionskrankheiten. Der Infektionstag tritt demnach an Tagen auf, an denen die Charakterzahlen des Erdmagnetfeldes ein Maximum aufweisen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Labor ; 1949-1950 ; Umweltmedizin ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Witterung
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  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Neue Mitt. Landwirtsch., p. 395-396
    Publication Date: 1951
    Description: Verbale Beschreibung des bisherigen Wissens über die Blattfleckenkrankheit und deren Erreger KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung (Temperatur, Luftfeuchte) und dem Auftreten der Krankheit KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Sommer) + und Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Auftreten von Cercospora +; Delta Relf +, dann Anzahl und Größe der Konidien +; Relf 〉 98%, dann Keimung der Konidien; Delta T: 20°C 〈 T 〈 30°C, dann schnellste Keimung der Konidien; 25°C 〈 T 〈 30°C, dann optimales Wachstum des Myzels; °C 〉 T 〈 40°C, dann kein Wachstum des Myzels
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1950 ; Zuckerrüben ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 1951
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Massenauftreten des Rübenderbrüßlers in Abhängigkeit von der vorherrschenden Witterung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen der Witterung (Bodentemperatur und Bodenfeuchte) und dem Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Mortalität +; Delta T (Sommer des Vorjahres) + und Delta Nied (Sommer des Vorjahres) - sowie Delta T ( Frühjahr des Schadjahres) +, dann Massenauftreten des Käfers +; Delta T: Tmit (Boden) 〉 10°C, Auskriechen der Käfer aus dem Boden
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1947-1949 ; Insekten ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019-05-30
    Description: Estimating method for lift interference of wing- body combinations at supersonic speeds
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-RM-A51J04
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The general characteristics of the flow field in a submerged air inlet are investigated by theoretical, wind-tunnel, and visual-flow studies. Equations are developed for calculating the laminar and turbulent boundary-layer growth along the ramp floor for parallel, divergent, and convergent ramp walls, and a general equation is derived relating the boundary-layer pressure losses to the boundary-layer thickness. It is demonstrated that the growth of the boundary layer on the floor of the divergent-ramp inlet is retarded and that a vortex pair is generated in such an inlet. Functional relationships are established between the pressure losses in the vortices and the geometry of the inlet. A general discussion of the boundary layer and vortex formations is included, in which variations of the various losses and of the incremental external drag with mass-flow ratio are considered. Effects of compressibility are also discussed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-TN-2323
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation of the heat transfer from an airfoil in clear air and in simulated icing conditions was conducted in the NACA Lewis 6- by 9-foot icing-research tunnel in order to determine the validity of heat-transfer data as obtained in the tunnel. This investiation was made on the same model NACA 65,2-016 airfoil section used in a previous flight study, under similar heating, icing, and operating conditions. The effect of tunnel turbulence, in clear air and in icingwas indicated by the forward movement of transition from laminar to turbulent heat transfer. An analysis of the flight results showed the convective heat transfer in icing to be considerably different from that measured in clear air and. only slightly different from that obtained in the icing-research tunnel during simulated icing.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2480
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the temperature profile downstream of a heated-air jet directed perpendicularly to an air stream. The profiles were determined at several positions downstream of the jet as functions of jet density, jet velocity, freestream density, free-stream velocity, jet temperature, and orifice flow coefficient. A method is presented which yields a good approximation of the temperature profile in terms of dimensionless parameters of the flow and geometric conditions.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2466
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An empirical method for the determination of the area, rate, and distribution of water-drop impingement on airfoils of arbitrary section is presented. The procedure represents an initial step toward the development of a method which is generally applicable in the design of thermal ice-prevention equipment for airplane wing and tail surfaces. Results given by the proposed empirical method are expected to be sufficiently accurate for the purpose of heated-wing design, and can be obtained from a few numerical computations once the velocity distribution over the airfoil has been determined. The empirical method presented for incompressible flow is based on results of extensive water-drop. trajectory computations for five airfoil cases which consisted of 15-percent-thick airfoils encompassing a moderate lift-coefficient range. The differential equations pertaining to the paths of the drops were solved by a differential analyzer. The method developed for incompressible flow is extended to the calculation of area and rate of impingement on straight wings in subsonic compressible flow to indicate the probable effects of compressibility for airfoils at low subsonic Mach numbers.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2476
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Theoretical blockage corrections are presented for a body of revolution and for a three-dimensional, unswept wing in a circular or rectangular wind tunnel. The theory takes account of the effects of the wake and of the compressibility of the fluid, and is based on the assumption that the dimensions of the model are small in comparison with those of the tunnel throat. Formulas are given for correcting a number of the quantities, such as dynamic pressure and Mach number, measured in wind tunnel tests. The report presents a summary and unification of the existing literature on the subject
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-TR-995
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  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenschutz, p. 241-266
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung und zum Massenwechsel der grünen Pfirsichblattlaus hinsichtlich der Faktoren Wind und Thermik KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Massenvermehrung der Laus und Morphologie sowie meteorologischen Verhältnissen der Landschaft KATASTER-DETAIL: Wind +, dann Pfirsichblattlaus Wanderung +; Wind +, dann Strecke +; Sonneneinstrahlung +, dann Ausbreitung +; Nied +, dann Ausbreitung -;
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1950 ; Insekten ; Pflanzenschädling ; Wind ; Witterung
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  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, p. 171-172
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Bericht über die Beobachtungen zur Entwicklung und zum Auftreten der Möhrenfliege unter dem Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage auf die Befallsstärke der Fliege KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Lichtintensität +, dann Möhrenfliegenbefall -; Delta Nied +, dann Entwicklung der Maden +; Delta Wind +, dann Befall -
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; 1948-1949 ; Insekten ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gemüse
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Einteilung der Witterung in Pentaden, Berechnung einer Wetterwertzahl und Bezug zum Ernteertrag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag, Temperatur) auf den Ertrag verschiedener Getreidearten (Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Sommerroggen, Hafer, Winterweizen, Wintergerste, Winterroggen) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Tmit (Pentade) 〉 5°C, dann Beginn Vegetationsperiode; Delta Nied (Winter) -, dann Ertrag (Sommergetreidearten) +; Delta Nied (März) -, dann Erträge (Sommerweizen, Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Erträge (Wintergetreidearten) -; Delta Nied (Winter) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen, Wintergerste) -; t (T 〉 5°C) + (früher), dann Erträge (Winterweizen, Wintergerste) +; Detaillierte Informationen zu den einzelnen Getreidearten: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Brandenburg ; 1938-39, 1943 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Wind ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Einfuß der Temperatur, Sonnenscheindauer und des Niederschages auf die Reifedauer des Roggens KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1936-37 ; Ertrag ; Phänologie ; Roggen ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Auftreten von Roggengallmücke, Halmfliege, Getreidehalmwespe, Hafermilbe und Zwergzikade unter bestimmten Witterungsbedingungen (warme und trockene Sommer und Herbste) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) im Sommer und Herbst auf das Auftreten der Getreideschädlinge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Sommer und Herbst) + und Delta Nied (Sommer und Hebrst) -, dann Auftreten +; Trockenperioden über mindestens 2 Jahre, dann Massenauftreten
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1947-1950 ; Anbautermine ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the penetration of air jets d.irected perpendicularlY to an air stream. Jets Issuing from circular, square, and. elliptical orifices were investigated. and. the jet penetration at a position downstream of the orifice was determined- as a function of jet density, jet velocity, air-stream d.enaity, air-stream velocity, effective jet diameter, and. orifice flow coeffIcient. The jet penetrations were determined for nearly constant values of air-stream density at three tunnel-air velocities arid for a large range of Jet velocities and. densities. The results were correlated in terms of dimensionless parameters and the penetrations of the various shapes were compared. Greater penetration was obtained. with the square orifices and the elliptical orifices having an axis ratio of 4:1 at low tunnel-air velocities and low jet pressures than for the other orifices investigated. The square orifices gave the best penetrations at the higher values of tunnel-air velocity and jet total pressure.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-TN-2019
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An investigation was conducted to determine the electric power requirements necessary for ice protection of inlet guide vanes by continuous heating and by cyclical de-icing. Data are presented to show the effect of ambient-air temperature, liquid-water content, air velocity, heat-on period, and cycle times on the power requirements for these two methods of ice protection. The results showed that for a hypothetical engine using 28 inlet guide vanes under similar icing conditions, cyclical de-icing can provide a total power saving as high as 79 percent over that required for continuous heating. Heat-on periods in the order of 10 seconds with a cycle ratio of about 1:7 resulted in the best over-all performance with respect to total power requirements and aerodynamic losses during the heat-off period. Power requirements reported herein may be reduced by as much as 25 percent by achieving a more uniform surface-temperature distribution. A parameter in terms of engine mass flow, vane size, vane surface temperature, and the icing conditions ahead of the inlet guide vanes.was developed by which an extension of the experimental data to icing conditions and inlet guide vanes, other than those investigated was possible.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NACA-RM-E50H29
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The problem of the minimum induced drag of wings having a given lift and a given span is extended to include cases in which the bending moment to be supported by the wing is also given. The theory is limited to lifting surfaces traveling at subsonic speeds. It is found that the required shape of the downwash distribution can be obtained in an elementary way which is applicable to a variety of such problems. Expressions for the minimum drag and the corresponding spanwise load distributions are also given for the case in which the lift and the bending moment about the wing root are fixed while the span is allowed to vary. The results show a 15-percent reduction of the induced drag with a 15-percent increase in span as compared with results for an elliptically loaded wing having the same total lift and bending moment.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NACA-TN-2249 , Collected Works of Robert T. Jones; p 539-556
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