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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (13,298)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,764)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (2,155)
  • Fisheries
  • 2020-2024  (9)
  • 2000-2004  (27)
  • 1975-1979  (19,218)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-01-11
    Description: The 60–80s of the last century were the period of the most rapid development of commercial oceanology in the Azov and Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (AzCherNIRO, further renamed YugNIRO). In addition to the monitoring of oceanographic processes, it was involved in the areas of general marine ecology, monitoring of marine pollution, and space oceanology. Oceanographic information is used in forecasting the state of aquatic ecosystems at various timescales and is crucial for fishing forecasts. In 1981, a satellite data reception center was established in AzCherNIRO. In the 80–90s, in YugNIRO, an optimal procedure was created for multidimensional predictive monitoring of the state of the Black Sea ecosystem. In September 1986, within the Laboratory of Commercial Oceanology of the Black Sea, a group for the conservation of marine ecosystems was created, which turned into a sector in January 1989, and into a separate laboratory in December 1996. Its reasearchers carried out multidisciplinary environmental studies, investigating the ecological status of the aquatic areas affected by the facilities of the marine industry during their operation, monitoring the level of soil contamination, and excercising the toxicological control of fish and fish products. YugNIRO oceanological studies conducted in the World Ocean from the early 1970s to the early 1990s made it possible to link the productivity and catches of exploitable species to the atmospheric circulation, changes in the climatic fields of currents, as well as to the geo- and heliophysical factors, which enabled the fishing predictions with a one-year lead time or more for the fishing areas of the Central, Southeastern and Southwestern Indian Ocean, the Patagonian Shelf, and the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica. In the 70–90s and early 2000s, YugNIRO conducted marine geological studies facilitating fishing operations and environmental protection in the Gulf of Aden, on the bottom elevations of the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Ocean, in the Antarctic Shelf area, and in the Black and Azov Seas. This article lays down the current major goals and prospects of commercial oceanology.
    Description: 60–80-е годы прошедшего столетия были в АзЧерНИРО (ЮгНИРО) периодом наиболее активного развития промысловой океанологии. Кроме мониторинга океанографических процессов она начала внедряться в сферы общей экологии моря, мониторинга загрязнения моря, космической океанологии. Океанографическая информация используется при разработке прогнозов состояния водных экосистем различной заблаговременности и является неотъемлемой составляющей рыбопромысловых прогнозов. В 1981 г. в АзЧерНИРО был создан центр приема спутниковой информации. В 1980–1990-х гг. в ЮгНИРО была создана оптимальная для Черного моря схема комплексного прогностического мониторинга состояния его экосистемы. В сентябре 1986 г. в составе лаборатории промысловой океанологии Черного моря была создана группа, в январе 1989 г. — сектор, в декабре 1996 г. — лаборатория охраны морских экосистем. Сотрудниками лаборатории проводились комплексные экологические исследования состояния акваторий предприятий морехозяйственого комплекса в условиях их производственной деятельности, контроль уровня загрязненности почв, токсикологический контроль рыбы и рыбопродукции. Океанологические исследования ЮгНИРО, проводимые в Мировом океане с начала 1970-х до начала 1990-х гг., позволили получить систему связей урожайности и вылова промысловых объектов с особенностями атмосферной циркуляции, изменениями макромасштабных полей течений, гео- и гелиофизическими факторам для прогноза промысловых характеристик с заблаговременностью год и более в промысловых районах центральной, юго-восточной и юго-западной частей Индийского океана, в районе Патагонского шельфа, в индоокеанском секторе Антарктики. Выполнение морских геологических работ в рыбопромысловых и природоохранных целях проводилось ЮгНИРО в 1970–1990-х и в начале 2000-х гг. в Аденском заливе, на поднятиях тропической и субтропической частей Индийского океана, на шельфе Антарктиды, в Черном и Азовском морях. В статье формулируются основные современные цели и пути развития промысловой океанологии.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Commercial oceanography ; Marine geology ; Ecosystems ; Fisheries ; Промысловая океанография ; Морская геология ; Экосистемы ; АзЧерНИРО ; ЮгНИРО ; Промысловые прогнозы ; Океанографическая информация ; Океанологические исследования ; YugNIRO ; AzCherNIRO ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery oceanography ; ASFA_2015::F::Forecasting ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery institutions ; ASFA_2015::M::Monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.159-169
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-01-25
    Description: La producción de ostión en Cuba aumenta hacia el este, y los máximos de abundancia y captura se presentan en la zona costera cercana a la cuenca del río Cauto, en la región correspondiente al municipio Manzanillo, provincia de Granma. En esta región habitan el ostión de mangle antillano (Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828), y el ostión americano (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791). Aunque la tendencia histórica ha sido al incremento, posterior a 2013 (853 t) la producción promedio anual disminuye a 307 t. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el estado actual del recurso ostión y su aprovechamiento industrial en la región del golfo de Guacanayabo, en relación a la situación ambiental de sus hábitats. Se realizó un diagnóstico de la pesquería de ostión y de la gestión ambiental de la pesca extractiva para determinar impactos ecosistémicos. Se identificaron como principales factores de impacto negativo, que inciden sobre las poblaciones de ostión y sus hábitats, el incumplimiento del periodo de veda, el manejo inadecuado de la pesca extractiva, y eventos de contaminación, que afectan los bienes y servicios ecosistémicos del manglar y reducen las poblaciones de ostión. Se propone la ostricultura artesanal como alternativa pesquera sostenible y se proyectó un plan de producción de ostión para 2023-2030. Se estimó que a calidad ambiental de la región donde se desarrollan las especies de interés es adecuada para su desarrollo.
    Description: Oyster production in Cuba increases to the east, and the maximum abundance and catch occur in the coastal zone near the Cauto river basin, in the region corresponding to the Manzanillo municipality, Granma province. The West Indian mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding, 1828), and the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791) inhabit this region. Although the historical trend has been to increase, after 2013 (853 t) the average annual production decreases to 307 t. The objective of this research was to evaluate the current state of the oyster resource and its industrial use in the region of the Guacanayabo Gulf, in relation to the environmental situation of its habitats. A diagnosis of the oyster fishery and the environmental management of extractive fishing was carried out to determine ecosystem impacts. The main factors of negative impact, which affect oyster populations and their habitats, were identified as non-compliance with the closed season, inadequate management of extractive fishing, and pollution events, which affect the goods and ecosystem services of the mangrove and reduce oyster populations. Artisanal oyster farming is proposed as a sustainable fishing alternative and an oyster production plan was projected for 2023-2030. It is estimated that the environmental quality of the region where the species of interest develop is adequate for their development.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Golfo de Guacanayabo ; Gestión ambiental ; Pesquería ; Ostricultura ; Gulf of Guacanayabo ; Environmental management ; Fisheries ; Ostrich farming
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Con sus 220 km2 la región geográfica de Bahía de Nipe es el mayor acuatorio en su tipo en Cuba, donde se encuentran representaciones de diversos ecosistemas a lo largo de sus costas. Los asentamientos humanos y sus múltiples actividades productivas de importancia y magnitud, le dan a esta bahía relevancia como recurso natural que sustenta usos estratégicos para el país.
    Description: Other
    Keywords: Contaminación ; Metales pesados ; Fuentes contaminantes ; Pesquerías ; Pollution ; Heavy metals ; Plaguicides ; Fisheries ; Plaguicidas ; Sources pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: To ensure the long-term sustainable use of African Great Lakes (AGL), and to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems, authorities, managers and scientists need regularly collected scientific data and information of key environmental indicators over multi-years to make informed decisions. Monitoring is regularly conducted at some sites across AGL; while at others sites, it is rare or conducted irregularly in response to sporadic funding or short-term projects/studies. Managers and scientists working on the AGL thus often lack critical long-term data to evaluate and gauge ongoing changes. Hence, we propose a multi-lake approach to harmonize data collection modalities for better understanding of regional and global environmental impacts on AGL. Climate variability has had strong impacts on all AGL in the recent past. Although these lakes have specific characteristics, their limnological cycles show many similarities. Because different anthropogenic pressures take place at the different AGL, harmonized multilake monitoring will provide comparable data to address the main drivers of concern (climate versus regional anthropogenic impact). To realize harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring, the approach will need: (1) support of a wide community of researchers and managers; (2) political goodwill towards a common goal for such monitoring; and (3) sufficient capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, human and logistic resources) for its implementation. This paper presents an assessment of the state of monitoring the AGL and possible approaches to realize a long-term, multi-lake harmonized monitoring strategy. Key parameters are proposed. The support of national and regional authorities is necessary as each AGL crosses international boundaries.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101988
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Biodiversity ; Climate change ; Erosion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: This draft White Paper has been prepared as part of the Vision 2030 process of the United Nations (UN) Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (hereafter, Ocean Decade). The Vision 2030 process aims to identify tangible measures of success for each of the ten Ocean Decade Challenges by 2030. From a starting point of existing initiatives underway in the Ocean Decade and beyond, and through a lens of priority user needs, the process determines critical gaps in science and knowledge, needs for capacity development, priority datasets, infrastructure, and technology for each Challenge. Focusing investments in science and knowledge to address these needs will help ensure progress towards meeting each critical Challenge by the end of the Ocean Decade in 2030. The results of the process will contribute to the scoping of future Decade Actions, identification of resource mobilisation priorities, and ensure relevance of the Challenges over time. This draft White Paper is one of a series of ten White Papers, all of which have been authored by an expert Working Group and discussed at the 2024 Ocean Decade Conference. A synthesis report, authored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO/IOC), will accompany the White Papers. With a substantial portion of people depending on the ocean as a primary source of nutrition and livelihood, a significant challenge comes into focus: How can we ensure that the ocean's resources continue to effectively nourish an expanding global population? The Ocean Decade responds to this critical concern through its Challenge 3: “Sustainably nourish the global population”.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Food ; Agriculture ; Sustainable economy ; Fisheries ; World population ; Ocean economy ; Nutrition ; Aquatic foods ; Aquaculture ; Sustainable production ; Forward look ; Vision paper
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 33pp.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: In a marine environment that is rapidly changing due to anthropogenic activities and climate change, area-based management tools are often used to mitigate threats and conserve biodiversity. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are amongst the most widespread and recognized marine conservation tools worldwide, however, MPAs alone are inadequate to address the environmental crisis. The promotion of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) under draft Target 3 of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, i.e., conserving 30% of marine areas by 2030, holds promise to acknowledge sites and practices occurring beyond MPAs that contribute to conservation. Here, we evaluate the potential recognition of OECMs into Indonesia's national policy framework on marine resource management and provide the first-ever overview of distribution and types of potential marine OECMs in Indonesia, including a review of the existing evidence on conservation effectiveness. We identified 〉 390 potential marine OECMs, led by government, customary and local communities, or the private sector, towards diverse management objectives, including habitat protection, traditional/customary management, fisheries, tourism, or other purposes. While some evidence exists regarding the conservation effectiveness of these practices, the long-term impacts on biodiversity of all potential marine OECMs in Indonesia are unknown. Many OECM elements have been included in several national policies, yet there are no established mechanisms to identify, recognize and report sites as OECMs in Indonesia. We propose four transformational strategies for future OECM recognition in Indonesia, namely: (i) safeguard customary and traditional communities, (ii) leverage cross-sector and cross-scale collaboration, (iii) focus on delivering outcomes, and (iv) streamline legal frameworks. Our study shows that OECMs have the potential to play a significant role in underpinning marine area-based conservation in Indonesia, including supporting the Government of Indonesia in reaching national and international conservation targets and goals.
    Keywords: Area-based management ; Biodiversity conservation ; Customary management ; Fisheries ; Co-management ; Sustainable marine management
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team are delighted to present the inaugural “Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars” article collection, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Journal’s Chief Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the chemical sciences, and presents advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank our Chief Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact.
    Keywords: Green and Sustainable Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Polymer Chemistry ; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Nanoscience ; Catalysis and Photocatalysis ; Supramolecular Chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Chemical Biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: living marine resources ; Forecasting ; prediction ; fish ; Fisheries ; Seasonal to Decadal Prediction ; Climate services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book explores fishing livelihoods in the context of the wider contexts in which they are embedded. Drawing on case studies from across the Asia-Pacific region, the book highlights how fishing livelihoods are shaped by globalisation, social relationships and governance. The book concludes by showing how better understanding these relationships can contribute to governance for healthier ecosystems and social wellbeing. This is an open access book. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; marine social science ; fishing livelihoods in the Asia-Pacific ; sustainable fishing ; environmental sustainability ; food security ; coastal conservation ; fish stocks ; fisheries governance ; Fishing livelihoods and social diversity ; Fishing livelihoods and wellbeing ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGB Physical geography and topography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: The multibillion-dollar trade in bushmeat is among the most immediate threats to the persistence of tropical vertebrates, but our understanding of its underlying drivers and effects on human welfare is limited by a lack of empirical data. We used 30 years of data from Ghana to link mammal declines to the bushmeat trade and to spatial and temporal changes in the availability of fish. We show that years of poor fish supply coincided with increased hunting in nature reserves and sharp declines in biomass of 41 wildlife species. Local market data provide evidence of a direct link between fish supply and subsequent bushmeat demand in villages and show bushmeat's role as a dietary staple in the region. Our results emphasize the urgent need to develop cheap protein alternatives to bushmeat and to improve fisheries management by foreign and domestic fleets to avert extinctions of tropical wildlife.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brashares, Justin S -- Arcese, Peter -- Sam, Moses K -- Coppolillo, Peter B -- Sinclair, A R E -- Balmford, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1180-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. brashares@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Food Supply ; Ghana ; Humans ; *Mammals ; *Meat ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Humans ; Population Density ; *Recreation ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: It is now widely accepted that global warming is occurring, yet its effects on the world's largest ecosystem, the marine pelagic realm, are largely unknown. We show that sea surface warming in the Northeast Atlantic is accompanied by increasing phytoplankton abundance in cooler regions and decreasing phytoplankton abundance in warmer regions. This impact propagates up the food web (bottom-up control) through copepod herbivores to zooplankton carnivores because of tight trophic coupling. Future warming is therefore likely to alter the spatial distribution of primary and secondary pelagic production, affecting ecosystem services and placing additional stress on already-depleted fish and mammal populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richardson, Anthony J -- Schoeman, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1609-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK. anr@sahfos.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; Copepoda/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Greenhouse Effect ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Zooplankton/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Proffitt, Fiona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Eels ; Fisheries ; Food Chain ; North Sea ; Plankton ; Population Density ; *Reproduction ; Scotland ; Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, Bruce A -- Okey, Thomas A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fisheries ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Population Growth ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allison, Edward H -- Seeley, Janet A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 20;305(5687):1104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asia/epidemiology ; Female ; Fisheries ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/transmission ; Humans ; Male ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Sexual Partners ; *Transients and Migrants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rembold, Christopher M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):475; author reply 475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease/mortality/*prevention & control ; *Diet ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/*administration & dosage ; Fisheries ; *Food Contamination ; Humans ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/epidemiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Assessment ; *Salmon ; Toxicity Tests
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2004-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 10;305(5690):1548-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Food Chain ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Zooplankton/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):221-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14551417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Eels/growth & development/physiology ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 22;301(5636):1034-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12933987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Atlantic Ocean ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Geologic Sediments ; *Marine Biology ; Pacific Ocean ; *Seawater
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchirico, James N -- Stoffle, Richard -- Broad, Kenny -- Talaue-McManus, Liana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):47-9; author reply 47-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Humans ; Seawater
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 4;300(5616):36-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12677035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Cypriniformes/physiology ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fresh Water ; Government Agencies ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Oncorhynchus kisutch/physiology ; Oregon ; United States ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):895.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes/genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Plant Development ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Maturation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Financial Support ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Pacific Ocean ; Russia ; *Salmon ; United Nations/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ajayi, Thomas -- Sherman, Kenneth -- Tang, Qisheng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):772.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12162321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/*methods/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Fisheries ; International Cooperation ; *Marine Biology/economics/trends ; North America ; Water Pollution/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: There is debate concerning the most effective conservation of marine biodiversity, especially regarding the appropriate location, size, and connectivity of marine reserves. We describe a means of establishing marine reserve networks by using optimization algorithms and multiple levels of information on biodiversity, ecological processes (spawning, recruitment, and larval connectivity), and socioeconomic factors in the Gulf of California. A network covering 40% of rocky reef habitat can fulfill many conservation goals while reducing social conflict. This quantitative approach provides a powerful tool for decision-makers tasked with siting marine reserves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sala, Enric -- Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio -- Paredes, Gustavo -- Parra, Ivan -- Barrera, Juan C -- Dayton, Paul K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1991-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. esala@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Computer Simulation ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Invertebrates ; *Models, Biological ; *Seawater
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magnuson, J J -- Safina, C -- Sissenwine, M P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1267-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. jmagnuson@mhub.limnology.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Behavior, Animal ; Body Temperature ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Diving ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Swimming ; Tuna/genetics/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):227-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fisheries ; *Homing Behavior ; Isotopes ; Otolithic Membrane/*chemistry ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collie, J -- Saila, S -- Walters, C -- Carpenter, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 3;290(5493):933-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Government Agencies ; Models, Biological ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):627-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cnidaria ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Fisheries ; International Cooperation ; Israel ; Jordan ; Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Time Factors ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Using a novel technique, described on page 795, paleoceanographers have been able to chart the abundance of sockeye salmon in the Bristol Bay and Kodiak Island regions of Alaska over the past 300 years--by far the most complete record yet. Through time, they found, sockeye populations have alternately soared and slipped, following natural climate variations--well before commercial fishers began throwing nets over the sides of boats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):685-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Salmon/*physiology ; Temperature
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: The deployment of electronic data storage tags that are surgically implanted or satellite-linked provides marine researchers with new ways to examine the movements, environmental preferences, and physiology of pelagic vertebrates. We report the results obtained from tagging of Atlantic bluefin tuna with implantable archival and pop-up satellite archival tags. The electronic tagging data provide insights into the seasonal movements and environmental preferences of this species. Bluefin tuna dive to depths of 〉1000 meters and maintain a warm body temperature. Western-tagged bluefin tuna make trans-Atlantic migrations and they frequent spawning grounds in the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Mediterranean. These data are critical for the future management and conservation of bluefin tuna in the Atlantic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Block, B A -- Dewar, H -- Blackwell, S B -- Williams, T D -- Prince, E D -- Farwell, C J -- Boustany, A -- Teo, S L -- Seitz, A -- Walli, A -- Fudge, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1310-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA. bblock@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Behavior, Animal ; Body Temperature ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Diving ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Swimming ; Temperature ; Tuna/*physiology
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 17 (2000), S. 125-139 
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Keywords: Environment ; Fisheries ; Fordism ; Nation-State ; Regulation ; Supranational State ; Transnational corporations ; Transnational State
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This analysis uses an analytical frameworkgrounded in political economy perspectives of theglobalization of the agro-food sector combined with acase study approach focusing on the Marine StewardshipCouncil (MSC) to inform discussions regarding thecharacteristics of societal regulation in thepost-Fordist era. More specifically, this analysisuses the case of the emergence of the MSC toinvestigate propositions regarding the existence of,and location of, nascent forms of a transnationalState. The MSC proposes to regulate the certificationof sustainable fisheries at the global level throughan eco-labeling program. The MSC was created in 1996by the transnational environmental organization theWorld Wildlife Fund and the transnational corporationUnilever. The emergence of the MSC has generatedheated discussion in fisheries management circles thatis in general divided along North/South lines. Thisanalysis indicates that the case of the MSC providesvaluable insights into the possible characteristics ofsupranational regulatory mechanisms that might emulatethe role of the nation-State in the post-Fordist era.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environment, development and sustainability 2 (2000), S. 277-304 
    ISSN: 1573-2975
    Keywords: Systems of Knowledge ; Local Knowledge ; Fisheries ; Resource Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract During the last 20 years, the existence of rich systems of local knowledge, and their vital support to resource use and management regimes, has been demonstrated in a wide range of biological, physical and geographical domains, such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and agroforestry, medicine, and marine science and fisheries. Local knowledge includes empirical and practical components that are fundamental to sustainable resource management. Among coastal-marine fishers, for example, regular catches and, often, long-term resource sustainment are ensured through the application of knowledge that encompasses empirical information on fish behaviour, marine physical environments, fish habitats and the interactions among ecosystem components, as well as complex fish taxonomies. Local knowledge is therefore an important cultural resource that guides and sustains the operation of customary management systems. The sets of rules that compose a fisheries management system derive directly from local concepts and knowledge of the resources on which the fishery is based. Beyond the practical and the empirical, it is essential to recognise the fundamental socio-cultural importance of local knowledge to any society. It is through knowledge transmission and socialisation that worldviews are constructed, social institutions perpetuated, customary practices established, and social roles defined. In this manner, local knowledge and its transmission, shape society and culture, and culture and society shape knowledge. Local knowledge is of great potential practical value. It can provide an important information base for local resources management, especially in the tropics, where conventionally-used data are usually scarce to non-existent, as well as providing a shortcut to pinpoint essential scientific research needs. To be useful for resources management, however, it must be systematically collected and scientifically verified, before being blended with complementary information derived from Western-based sciences. But local knowledge should not be looked on with only a short-term utilitarian eye. Arguments widely accepted for conserving biodiversity, for example, are also applicable to the intellectual cultural diversity encompassed in local knowledge systems: they should be conserved because their utility may only be revealed at some later date or owing to their intrinsic value as part of the world's global heritage. At least in cultures with a Western liberal tradition, more than lip-service is now being paid to alternative systems of knowledge. The denigration of alternative knowledge systems as backward, inefficient, inferior, and founded on myth and ignorance has recently begun to change. Many such practices are a logical, sophisticated and often still-evolving adaptation to risk, based on generations of empirical experience and arranged according to principles, philosophies and institutions that are radically different from those prevailing in Western scientific circles, and hence all-but incomprehensible to them. But steadfastly held prejudices remain powerful. In this presentation I describe the 'design principles' of local knowledge systems, with particular reference to coastal-marine fishing communities, and their social and practical usefulness. I then examine the economic, ideological and institutional factors that combine to perpetuate the marginalisation and neglect of local knowledge, and discuss some of the requirements for applying local knowledge in modern management.
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-08-19
    Description: At a press conference on 27 July, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) released a long-awaited plan to save the Columbia River's endangered salmon by restoring fish habitat, overhauling hatcheries, limiting harvest, and improving river flow. What the plan did not do, however, was call for immediate breaching of four dams on the Snake River, the Columbia's major tributary--an option that has been the subject of a nationwide environmental crusade. The NMFS will hold that option in abeyance while it sees whether the less drastic measures will do the trick. Responses from both sides were immediate and outraged.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, C C -- Plummer, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 4;289(5480):716-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10950712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Government Agencies ; Northwestern United States ; *Salmon
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: The effects of climate variability on Pacific salmon abundance are uncertain because historical records are short and are complicated by commercial harvesting and habitat alteration. We use lake sediment records of delta15N and biological indicators to reconstruct sockeye salmon abundance in the Bristol Bay and Kodiak Island regions of Alaska over the past 300 years. Marked shifts in populations occurred over decades during this period, and some pronounced changes appear to be related to climatic change. Variations in salmon returns due to climate or harvesting can have strong impacts on sockeye nursery lake productivity in systems where adult salmon carcasses are important nutrient sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finney, B P -- Gregory-Eaves, I -- Sweetman, J -- Douglas, M S -- Smol, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):795-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. finney@ims.uaf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; *Climate ; Diatoms ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Industry ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Plankton ; Salmon/*physiology ; Temperature
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-05-08
    Description: Fish faunas across the continental United States have become more similar through time because of widespread introductions of a group of cosmopolitan species intended to enhance food and sport fisheries. On average, pairs of states have 15.4 more species in common now than before European settlement of North America. The 89 pairs of states that formerly had no species in common now share an average of 25.2 species. Introductions have played a larger role than extirpations in homogenizing fish faunas. Western and New England states have received the most introductions, which is a reflection of the small number of native fishes in these areas considered desirable gamefish by settlers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rahel, F J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):854-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. frahel@uwyo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Species Specificity ; United States
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 3 (1979), S. 133-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Coastal zone Management ; Fisheries ; Marshes ; Wetlands ; Louisiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines causes and consequences of wetland losses in coastal Louisiana. Land loss is a cumulative impact, the result of many impacts both natural and artificial. Natural losses are caused by subsidence, decay of abandoned river deltas, waves, and storms. Artificial losses result from flood-control practices, impoundments, and dredging and subsequent erosion of artificial channels. Wetland loss also results from spoil disposal upon wetlands and land reclamation projects. Total land loss in Louisiana's coastal zone is at least 4,300 ha/year. Some wetlands are converted to spoil banks and other eco-systems so that wetland losses are probably two to three times higher. Annual wetland losses in the Barataria Bay basin are 2.6% of the wetland area. Human activities are the principal determinants of land loss. The present total wetland area directly lost because of canals may be close to 10% if spoil area is included. The interrelationship between hydrology, land, vegetation, substrate, subsidence, and sediment supply are complicated; however, hydrologic units with high canal density are generally associated with higher rates of land loss and the rate may be accelerating. Some cumulative impacts of land loss are increased saltwater intrusion, loss of capacity to buffer the impact of storms, and large additions of nutrients. One measure of the impact is that roughly $8–17 × 106 (U.S.A.) of fisheries products and services are lost annually in Louisiana. Viewed at the level of the hydrologic unit, land loss transcends differences in local vegetation, substrate, geology, and hydrology. Land management should therefore focus at that level of organization. Proper guideline recommendations require an appreciation of the long-term interrelations of the wetland estuarine system.
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 276-284 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Testing of Solid-State Bonded Ceramic-to-Metal-JointsCeramic-to-metal joints were manufactured by solid-state bonding in a R. F.-high-vacuum apparatus. The influence of welding temperature, welding time and welding pressure on the bond strength was investigated for an alumina/niobium-combination consisting of a layered composite ceramic-metal foil-ceramic. As a measure of bond quality the fracture resistance KICV was chosen. KICV date were obtained by the use of 4-point bend tests and tensile tests. For comparison, data are presented concerning the fracture resistance KIC of the bulk alumina and the conventional bond strength of the joints. In addition to the Nb/Al2O3-data, KICV factors are determined for other metal/alumina combinations and for a Zr/Si3N4 joint. The present solid-state bonding apparatus was used for the preparation of the specimens. A device for high-temperature bend testing in a high vacuum was constructed. Some data for the high-temperature bond strength of solid-state bonded joints are given.
    Notes: Keramik-Metall-Verbindungen wurden durch Festkörperschweißen in einer HF-HV-Apparatur hergestellt. Der Einfluß der Herstellungsparameter, Schweißtemperatur, Schweißzeit und Schweißdruck auf die Bindefestigkeit wurde für eine Al2O3/Nb-Materialkombination der Schichtanordnung Keramik-Metallfolie-Keramik untersucht. Als Maß für die Bindequalität wurde der Bruchwiderstand der Verbindung KICV gewählt. KICV wurde im Vierpunkt-Biegeversuch und im Zugversuch ermittelt. Zum Vergleich wurden Bruchwiderstandswerte KIC der Ausgangskeramik und konventionelle Haftfestigkeitskennwerte bestimmt. Außer für Nb/Al2O3-Kombinationen werden für andere, mit der vorhandenen Schweißvorrichtung hergestellten Metall/Al2O3-Kombinationen und für eine Zr/Si3N4-Paarung Bindefestigkeitsdaten angegeben. Eine Vorrichtung zur HV-Hochtemperaturbiegeprüfung wurde gebaut. Einige Daten zur Hochtemperatur-Bindefestigkeit festkörpergeschweißter Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt.
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A72 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A74 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A76 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Structural changes and corrosion behaviour of a ferritic-austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel after short time heat treatments with special consideration of weldingSusceptibility of the ferritic-austenitic steel X 2 CrNiMoN 225 in the solution treated and quenched state to intergranular corrosion and to stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion in solutions with chloride ions. Comparison with two austenitic steels (X 5 CrNi 189 and X 3 CrNiMoN 17135). Investigations of the influence of structural changes due to short time isothermal heat treatments and to welding on the mentioned three corrosion types.
    Notes: Verhalten des ferritisch-austenitischen Stahles X 2 CrNiMoN 225 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4462) im lösungsgeglühten und abgeschreckten Zustand gegenüber interkristalliner Korrosion (IK) sowie Spannungsrißkorrosion (SpRK) und Lochkorrosion in chloridhaltigen wäßrigen Medien. Vergleich mit den beiden austenitischen Stählen X 5 CrNi 189 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4301) und X 3 CrNiMoN 17135 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.4439). Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Gefügeänderungen infolge kurzzeitiger isothermer Glühbehandlungen und Schweißungen auf das Verhalten gegenüber den genannten drei Korrosionsarten.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 332-332 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A80 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 349-353 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige metallurgische Beobachtungen zur Herstellung von diffusionsgeschweißten Übergängen zwischen Zircaloy 2 und EdelstahlEs wird ein Verfahren zur Verschweißung von Zircaloy 2 mit Edelstahl durch Ko-Extrusion vorgeschlagen. So hergestellte Schweißverbindungen wurden an der Nahtstelle zwischen Zircaloy 2 und Edelstahl metallographisch und im Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht. Außerdem wurden eine chemische Analyse sowie mit der Elektronen-Mikrosonde durchgeführt.Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen zeigt, daß mit diesem Verfahren eine perfekte Verbindung der beiden Materialien durch mechanische und metallurgische Vorgänge erzielt wird, die besser sein sollte als durch Diffusion bei hohen Temperaturen hergestellte Übergänge.
    Notes: A method of welding stainless steel to Zircaloy 2 by co-extrusion is proposed, and joints of these two metals have been made in this manner. Such a bond was examined at the interface between stainless steel and Zircaloy 2 using metallography, electron microprobe analysis, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis. It was found that this method of preparation the joints allow for sound connections characterized by the formation of a type of mechanical and metallurgical bond. These joints could be considered better than those obtained by diffusion at high temperatures.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 456-466 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The material selection for tribologically stressed specimen and tools has to be done not only from the view point of economics but also of the consumption of scarce materials and energy.Empirical methods are used for this selection to get a reasonable compromise between surface and bulk functions to satisfy stability and rigidity.By applying system- and stress analysis for the estimation of surface and bulk properties some examples of metallurgical, manufacturing, operational and lubricating aspects to improve the tribological behaviour of components are shown.Using the friction energy for a wear prediction model the calculation of lifetime for dry lubricated roller bearings is possible.
    Notes: Eine funktionsgerechte Werkstoffauswahl für tribologisch beanspruchte Werkzeuge und Bauteile ist nicht nur eine Forderung der Wirtschaftlichkeit, sondern gewinnt auch vor dem Hintergrund der Rohstoff- und Energiesicherung eine zunehmende Bedeutung.Die Werkstoffauswahl tribologisch beanspruchter Werkzeuge und Bauteile wird nach wie vor überwiegend nach empirischen Methoden vorgenommen, wobei häufig Kompromißlösungen zwischen der Oberflächenfunktion und der Grundwerkstoff-Funktion zur Erfüllung der Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitsanforderungen eingegangen werden müssen.Ausgehend von einer methodischen Vorgehensweise einer System-und Beanspruchungsanalyse zur Abschätzung der Oberflächen- und Grundwerkstoffbeanspruchung wurden an verschiedenen Beispielen werkstoffkundliche, fertigungstechnische, konstruktive und schmiertechnische Gesichtspunkte zur Verbesserung des tribologischen Verhaltens von Bauteilpaarungen aufgezeigt.Durch Anwendung eines energetischen Verschleißmodells konnten Berechnungsmöglichkeiten zur Lebensdauerbestimmung feststoffgeschmierter Wälzlager angegeben werden.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Results of Creep Tests With Smooth and Notched Specimens of the Steels 20 CrMoV 13 5 and X20 CrMoWV 121Two hydrogen resistant steels, viz. 20 CrMoV 13 5 W.-Nr. 1.7779) and X20 CrMoWV 12 1 (W.-Nr. 1.4935) used for bolts and nuts as well as for pressurized components were tested with respect to their creep resistance. Using smooth and notched specimens creep data for 450°C 500°C and 550°C were established. Steel 20CrMoV 13 5 was investigated in two quenched and tempered states (225…250 HB, 285…310 HB. The tempering treatments of X20 CrMoWV 12 1 (W.-Nr. 1.4935) lead to hardness levels of 215…226 HB resp. 275… 310 HB.Creep tests at 450°C and 500°C resp. at 500°C and 550°C were undertaken with smooth and notched specimens of 20 CrMoV 13 5-resp. X20 CrMoWV 12 1 -steels. At each temperature two resp. three different hardness levels were investigated which were produced by changing the quenching and tempering procedure. The results prove the X20 CrMoWV 12 1-steel to show high ductility in all three Q + T conditions even after long creep tests. This holds true for the 20 CrMoV 13 5-steel in the soft condition and at a test temperature of 450°C only. The creep strength of both steels is about proportional to the ultimate strength of both steels is about proportional to the ultimate strength at room temperature. With regard to the allowable stresses it could be shown that in each case the creep strength for 100.000 hours divided by a safety factor of 1.5 is smaller than the 1% creep limit for the same time.
    Notes: Mit glatten und gekerbten Proben aus den Stählen 20 CrMoV135 und X20 CrMoWV 12 1 wurden Zeitstandversuche bei 450 und 500°C bzw. bei 500 und 550°C durchgeführt Beide Stähle lagen in verschieden harten Ausgangszuständen vor. Die Ergebnisse weisen für den X20 CrMoWV 12 1-Stahl auch nach langen Laufzeiten in allen drei Ausgangszuständen eine hohe Duktilität nach, während dies für den 20 CrMoV 13 5-Stahl nur im weichen Zustand und nur bei 450°C Prüftemperatur gilt. Die Zeitstandfestigkeit ist proportional der Zugfestigkeit des Ausgangszustandes bei Raumtemperatur. In jedem Fall ist der Wert 2/3 der Zeitstandfestigkeit für 100000 h kleiner als der Wert der 1%-Dehngrenze für 100000 h.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 14-23 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Model Investigation of the Fibre Reinforcement of Ceramic MaterialsA mechanism for fibre reinforcement of high-modulus brittle materials, in particular ceramics, is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A simple mathematical formalism representing crack extension in a brittle matrix reinforced by ductile fibres is derived, and characteristic property values, adapted to composite structures, are introduced.Alumina with unidirectional reinforcement by thin 80Ni20Cr wires is used as a model material.The mechanism presented allows to reduce the high sensivity of ceramic materials to cracks. It is necessary for the fibres to bridge matrix cracks under load. For this purpose, the fibres must not be bound too tightly to the matrix, and while a high ductility is certainly of value, it is not a necessity. The efficiency of the mechanism depends on -interface energy and friction at the matrix-fibre interface,-deformation and fracture behavior of the fibre material,-radius of the fibres,-volume fraction of the fibres,-critical stress intensity factor of the matrix,-size of the largest crack.Among these, the fibre radius appears to be the most suitable one for variation with the goal of optimizing material quality.
    Notes: Ein Faserverstärkungsmechanismus für spröde, insbesondere keramische Werkstoffe mit hohem Elastizitätsmodul wird theoretisch und experimentell untersucht.Ein einfache mathematischer Formalismus zur Beschreibung des Rißausbreitungsverhaltens in dementsprechend verstärkten Werkstoffen wird angegeben. Verbundwerkstoffspezifische Kenngrößen werden eingeführt.Als Modellwerkstoff für die experimentellen Untersuchungen dient Aluminiumoxid mit eingelagerten Feindrähten aus 80Ni20Cr.Der beschriebene Mechanismus ermöglicht es, die hohe Rißempfindlichkeit keramischer Werkstoffe herabzusetzen. Die Fasern müssen in der Lage sein, belastete Matrixrisse zu überbrücken. Hierzu dürfen sie nicht zu fest an die Matrix gebunden sein. Duktilität der Fasern ist günstig, aber nicht notwendig. Die Wirksamkeit des Mechanismus hängt ab von -der Grenzflächenergie und -reibung zwischen Fasern und Matrix,-dem Verformungs- und Bruchverhalten der Fasern,-dem Faserradius,-dem Volumenbruchteil der Fasern,-dem kritischen Spannungsintensitätsfaktor der Matrix,-den Abmessungen der größten Risse.Zur Werkstoffoptimierung läßt sich unter diesen Größen am leichtesten der Faseradius variieren.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A24 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A28 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A27 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A26 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A29 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A32 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A35 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 119-123 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchung der Spannungsrißkorrosionsanfälligkeit einer Legierung MgAlZn61 in wäßriger Lösung von 3,5% NaCl + 2% K2CrO4 bei Raumtemperatur.
    Notes: Effect of specimen orientation, heat treatment and applied potential on the stress corrosion susceptibility of magnesium AZ61 (Mg-6.3% Al-0.5% Zn-0.20% Mn) alloy in an aqueous 3.5% NaCl + 2% K2CrO4 solution at room temperature was investigated. Stress corrosion times to failure were measured at different values of initial stress intensities using single edge (pre) cracked sheet tensile specimens and a modified tensometer. It was observed that while the specimen orientation has a significant effect on the measured values of stress corrosion threshold stress intensity, KIscc, the effect of varying the quench rate during heat treatment was minimal. Polarization measurements both in stressed and unstressed conditions, failed to reveal any significant effect of the applied stress intensity on the anodic polarization behavior of the alloy. However, measurements made under four different potentiostatic conditions showed a considerable increase in stress corrosion times to failure of the alloy. The results, together with fractographic observations of fractured specimen are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking, in magnesium alloys.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 185-190 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 200-212 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 191-200 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Explosive Welding as a Technique for Cladding of Precious MetalsThe method of explosive welding and the importance of the cladding parameters are described. The “Explosive Weldability Window” is experimentally determined for the material combination AgCu 10/Fe. The behaviour of explosive claddings produced under different conditions during rolling is investigated.Best results are obtained with samples with a wavy interphase, produced under the following cladding parameters: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {10^ \circ \le \beta \le 18^ \circ} \\ {1400 \le {\rm v}_{\rm K} \le 2600{{\rm m} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rm m} {\rm s}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\rm s}}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}It is shown, that in comparison with conventional methods explosive cladding has advantages both in processing and quality.
    Notes: Die Grundlagen des Explosivschweißens werden geschildert und die Bedeutung der Plattierparameter aufgezeigt. Das „Explosive Weldability Window“ wird für die Werkstoffpaarung AgCu 10/Fe experimentell entwickelt.Das Verhalten der bei unterschiedlichen Bedingungen hergestellten Explosivplattierungen beim Auswalzen wird untersucht. Die besten Ergebnisse werden für Verbindungen mit welliger Verbindungsfläche erzielt, die mit den Plattierparametern \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {10^ \circ \le \beta \le 18^ \circ} \\ {1400 \le {\rm v}_{\rm K} \le 2600{{\rm m} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rm m} {\rm s}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\rm s}}} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} hergestellt werden.Es wird gezeigt, daß gegenüber konventionellen Verfahren das explosive Plattieren verfahrenstechnische und qualitative Vorteile hat.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 213-220 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Sintered Structural Part - Manufacturing, Properties and its Application for Saving Raw Material and Energy in the Engineering Industry.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 220-220 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: Process Computer as Measuring Instrument at Arc Welding
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A56 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A67 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 262-275 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Silizium-TechnologieZuerst wird in Kap. 1 eine kurze historische Übersicht gegeben. Im Folgenden wird gezeigt, daß die „Silizium-Technologie“ vom Schwermaschinenbau bis zu mikroskopischen Arbeitsgängen reicht. In Kap. 2…5 wird dies an der Herstellung des Werkstoffs „Silizium“ demonstriert, in Kap. 6 an der Herstellung von diskreten Bauelementen und integrierten Schaltkreisen. In Kap. 7 werden einige Anwendungen in der Leistungs-Elektronik und in der Nachrichten- und Informations-Technik dargestellt. Abschließende Bemerkungen in Kapitel 8 weisen darauf hin, daß trotz aller Wichtigkeit für die Leistungs-Elektronik die wirklich umwälzenden Folgen der Silizium-Technologie auf ihrer Bedeutung für die Computer-Technik beruhen.
    Notes: At first a short historical survey is given in chapter 1. That “silicon technology” comprises a totality reaching from heavy machinery down to microscopic operations, is demonstrated in the chapters 2…5 (production of the material silicon) and 6 (production of devices and integrated circuits). In chapter 7 some applications of these devices in power electronics and in communications- and information-engineering will be described. Finally chapter 8 demonstrates, that in spite of all relevance to power electronics the really very far reaching consequences of silicon technology depend upon its importance to the computer-technics.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A69 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A91 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 373-390 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Influence of Chemical Composition, Structure, and Mechanical Strain on the Hydrogen Embrittlement of Fine-Grained Low-Alloy SteelsOn specimens from fine-grained low-alloy steels StE 51 and StE 36 strain induced hydrogen embrittlement has been studied under increasing, pulsating, and static load conditions in hydrogen sulphide at various strain rates, gas pressures, gas compositions, and surface qualities. Both steels displayed equal sensitivity compared to mild constructional steels, Hydrogen pick-up occurred only during plastic-deformation of the specimens and led mainly to a decrease of the reduction of area and to the formation of side cracks in the necking zone. This type of embrittlement is important for constructions subjected to pulsating load conditions causing plastic deformation in areas with constructional notches.As part of the research and development project “Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention” this investigation was supported by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology.
    Notes: An den Feinkornbaustählen StE 51 und StE 36 wurden Versuche zur dehnungsinduzierten Wasserstoffversprödung bei zügiger, bei schwellender und bei ruhender Belastung in Wasserstoff und Schwefelwasserstoff unter Variation der Dehngeschwindigkeit, des Gasüberdruckes, der Gasreinheit und der Oberflächengüte durchgeführt. Beide Stähle verhielten sich nicht grundsätzlich empfindlicher als weichere Baustähle. Eine Wasserstoffaufnahme erfolgte nur im Fließbereich und äußerte sich vornehmlich durch eine Abnahme der Brucheinschnürung oder zumindest durch Nebenrisse im Einschnürbereich. Diese Art der Versprödung kann z.B. für Konstruktionen bedeutsam sein, wenn es unter wechselndem Innendruck an Kerbstellen zu Fließvorgängen kommt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A98 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A85 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A88 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 367-372 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Evidence of the Instrumented Fatigue Test for Fatigue Strength of Structural SteelIn the instrumented fatigue test the measurement of the frequency of loading and the power absorption of the resonance endurancetesting machine with electromagnetic energization discovery the rate of damage of the specimen. The energy and the energy gradient per cycle are especially suitable for characterize the fatigue life of the specimen. Rapid methods for evaluation fatigue strength are developed constructive on the results of experiments of fatigue tests in one load stage. The rapid methods are tested with cylindrical specimen (St 52-3) and spot weldings (St 1203). The results of measurement indicate a certain possibility of evaluation fatigue strength.
    Notes: Im instrumentierten Einstufen-Dauerschwingversuch können aus Frequenz- und Leistungsmessungen an einer Vollresonanzprüfmaschine mit elektromagnetischer Erregung Aussagen über den Schädigungsverlauf in der Probe abgeleitet werden. Die Arbeit und der Arbeitsanstieg pro Schwingspiel ermöglichen eine quantitative Differenzierung der Proben im Hinblick auf ihre Gesamtlebensdauer. Aufbauend auf Ergebnissen von Einstufenversuchen wurden aussagekräftige Kurzverfahren zur Dauerfestigkeitsabschätzung entwickelt un an zylindrischen Proben aus St 52-3 und an Widerstandspunktschweißverbindungen erprobt. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen deuten die Möglichkeit zur zuverlässigen Dauerfestigkeitsabschätzung aus Kurzversuchen an.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A90 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 417-421 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Description of the time dependent stress-strain-behaviour of viscoelastic materials investigated in basic testsAssuming the existence of a mechanical equation of state calculation procedures are investigated in order to formulate the mechanical behaviour of viscoelastic materials in general and independent on the loading form. A case in point would be the derivation of creep behaviour from constant strain rate tensile tests or vice versa. Based on the ordinary log-log-plot for experimental data found in creep tests (constant stress conditions) and/or tensile tests a mechanical equation of state is developed. The results of the application of this equation to describe the mechanical behaviour under constant strain rate, creep and relaxation conditions in basic tests are compared with time-dependent behaviour of polycarbonat.
    Notes: Unter der Voraussetzung der Existenz einer mechanischen Zustandsgleichung werden Rechenverfahren untersucht, mit denen das in Grundversuchen ermittelte mechanische Verhalten viskoelastischer Werkstoffe unabhängig von der Beanspruchungsart beschrieben werden kann. Als Beispiel kann die Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens aus Zugversuchen mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit genommen werden. Ausgehend von der üblichen doppellogarithmischen Darstellung der Ergebnisse aus Kriechversuchen mit jeweils konstanter Spannung und/oder Zugversuchen wird eine mechanische Zustandsgleichung aufgestellt. Die Ergebnisse der Anwendung dieser Gleichung zur Beschreibung des Werkstoffverhaltens unter konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit, Kriech- und Relaxationsbedingungen in Grundversuchen sind mit dem zeitabhängigen Verhalten von Polycarbonat verglichen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A93 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A96 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A99 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A100 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Keramische Werkstoffe für Fahrzeuggasturbinen
    Notes: The objectives of the German R+D Program 1974-1980 concerning the application of ceramic components in a vehicular gas turbine are - among others -: -service temperatures of 1350 °C to gain higher efficiency,-a low fuel consumption and more flexibility in type of fuels.The goals can be achieved by introducing new ceramic materials, advanced manufacturing techniques, and new design methods.Gas turbine engineers, mechanical engineers, and ceramic materials scientists from industry and research institutions cooperate very closely to meet these goals.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A101 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A2 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A4 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A5 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A6 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 24-29 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Dimensioning of Complicated Steel Machine Parts in the Whole Range of Load Cycle and EnduranceThere is given a concept for the early state of dimensioning machine parts, developed by multiple regression from an extensive collection of data. Starting with static strength, it is possible to evaluate fatigue strength of specimens, also notched or of real machine parts under each kind of stresses including preloads and  -  in a first rough approximation  -  also for mechanical- or heat-treated steel parts in the whole range of load cycle and endurance.
    Notes: Es wird ein Dimensionierungskonzept für die frühe Entwicklungsphase vorgestellt, das über multiple Regression aus einer umfangreichen Datensammlung entwickelt wurde. Ausgehend von statischen Festigkeitswerten erlaubt es die Ermittlung der Zug-Druck-Wechselfestigkeit glatter Proben, der Wechselfestigkeit gekerbter Proben und Bauteile unter allgemeinen Beanspruchungszuständen einschließlich Mittelspannungen sowie in einer ersten Näherung auch des Einflusses der Randschicht-Verfestigung im Bereich der Zeit- und Dauerfestigkeit.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A12 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A14 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A16 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. A34 
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 10 (1979), S. 123-127 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Work Hardening Behavior of the α-copper tin alloy CuSn6.Polycrystalline specimens of the copper-tin alloy CuSn6 have been subjected to strain-controlled single step and two step fatigue tests. In a single step test the cyclic deformation curve at the beginning reveals strong work-hardening which is decreasing in the course of the test. A saturation of the stress amplitude is not observed. In two step tests, the material shows strong cyclic work hardening immediately after the change from low to high amplitudes, After the high amplitude is being changed into a low one, pronounced softening occurs. After changes of the strain amplitudes both these typical reactions of the material are observed up to fatigue crack initiation.
    Notes: An Proben aus der α-Kupfer-Zinnlegierung CuSn6 wurden gesamtdehnungsgesteuerte Ein- und Zweistufenversuche durchgeführt. Zu Beginn der Beanspruchung weisen die Wechselverformungskurven bei Einstufenbelastung einen starken Verfestigungsanstieg auf, der mit wachsender Versuchsdauer kleiner wird. Eine Sättigung der Spannungsamplitude tritt dagegen nicht auf. Bei Zweistufenversuchen wird im Anschluß an einen Wechsel von kleiner zu großer Amplitude eine ausgeprägte Wechselverfestigung beobachtet. Nach einem Wechsel von großer zu kleiner Amplitude wird dagegen eine starke Wechselentfestigung gemessen. Bei wiederholten Amplitudenwechseln charakterisieren diese Ver- und Entfestigungsvorgänge das Werkstoffverhalten bis zum Probenanriß.
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